DIOCALES, DONNAH MARIELLE G11-NEUTRONS

MODULE 14
LESSON 1

WHAT I KNOW
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. A
15. C

WHAT'S IN?- Task:Identify Me!

2 H2 + 02 - reactants 2 H20 - product

WHAT'S NEW
1. Enzyme is a type of protein found within a cell. Enzyme create chemical reactions in the
body. It is known as biological catalysts because they lower the activation energy of reaction
hence speeding them up, they are unchanged at the end of the reaction and can be re-used.
2. Enzymes are really important protein that speeds up the rate of reaction such as
photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis. The enzymes in your body help to perform
very important tasks. These include building muscle, destroying toxins, and breaking down food
particles during digestion.

WHAT IS IT
1. Enzymes work in conjunction with substrates. The enzyme and substrates are always
moving and occasionally they collide at the right speed and orientation so the substrate fits into
the enzyme at the active site. When an enzyme binds its substrate, it forms an enzyme-
substrate complex. This complex lowers the activation energy of the reaction and promotes its
rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups that actually form covalent bonds
with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process.
2. Catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Enzymes are
proteins that act as biological catalyst. Enzymes speed up rate of reaction. It is known as
biological catalyst because it lowers the activation energy reaction hence speeds them up.
3. Enzymes specialized their active site matches the shape of specific substrates fit together
using a lock and key mechanism, it needs a particular enzyme to match a particular substrate.

WHAT'S MORE

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. Enzymes
2. biological catalysts
3. catalysts
4. biochemical reactions
5. highly specific
6. substrates
7. unaffected
 8. lock and key
9. right key
10. glucose and galactose
11. chemical reaction
12. normal functioning
13. systems

ASSESSMENT
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. A

LESSON 2

WHAT I KNOW
1. The warmer the temperature (usually up to about 40-45 degrees Celsius), the faster the
enzymes catalyse a reaction. This is because increasing the temperature increases the speed
at which the reacting particles move, so they collide more often.
2. As with many chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as
the temperature increases. However, at high temperatures the rate decreases again because
the enzyme becomes denatured and can no longer function.

WHAT IS IT- Guide Questions:

1. Yes, it shown to a point where it might reach its optimum rate which in this case probably in
37 Degrees Centigrade shown by the graph and after that the rate suddenly and very quickly
decreases because the enzyme has become denatured. If you heat up enzyme to much then it
just change its shape and loses it shape and if the active site loses its shape the substrate
would not fit in anymore.
2. The factors that may influence enzyme activity are temperature, pH, enzyme
concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.
3. A point where it might reach its optimum rate which in this case probably in 37 Degrees
Centigrade shown by the graph and after that the rate suddenly and very quickly decreases
because the enzyme has become denatured. If you heat up enzyme to much then it just change
its shape and loses it shape and if the active site loses its shape the substrate would not fit in
anymore.

WHAT'S MORE- Guide Questions:

1. Enzyme in the stomach is very acidic because when enzyme is at lower рH, example is the
pepsin.
2. Enzyme has an optimum рH, most enzymes work best at 7рH. But some do best at lower рH.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

The graph tells us that enzymes has optimum temperature and pH which they work their
best. As you change your temperature, the enzyme works better because as more kinetic
energy the enzyme has more kinetic energy, more collision with substrate molecules in a given
amount of time and more successful and breaks down more of a substrates and so the reaction
increases and keeps quicker and quicker as you heat enzyme and give more kinetic energy.

ASSESSMENT
1. A
2. A
3. D
4 D
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. D
MODULE 15
LESSON 1

WHAT I KNOW
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. D

WHAT'S IN- Let's Do This

Oxidation is an increase in oxidation state (a loss of electrons)
Reduction is a decrease in oxidation state (a gain of electrons)

WHAT'S NEW?

Oxidized Reduced

Reducing agent Oxidizing agent

Loses electrons Gains electrons

Oxidation state increases Oxidation state decreases

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. redox reactions
2. chemical reactions
3. elements
4. electricity
5. cellular
6. electrons
7. loss
8. reduction
9. Oxidation
10. Gain

ASSESSMENT
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. D

LESSON 2

WHAT I KNOW
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. A

WHAT'S IN
Yes, Oxidation and reduction must occur simultaneously, is it because electrons are
conserved in a chemical reaction and so for a balanced chemical reaction the number of
electrons lost equals the number of electrons gained. A substance that causes another
substance to decrease is a reducing agent. So, before and after the reaction, just look at the
oxidation number of an atom to define an oxidizing agent. If the amount of oxidation in the
product is greater, so it loses electrons and oxidizes the material. If the level of oxidation is
smaller, then electrons are obtained and decreased. In a reaction, the product that is decreased
is the oxidizing agent since it gains electrons.

WHAT'S NEW
1. reaction
2. oxidation
3. balance
4. reduction
5. metallurgy
6. half method

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

1. two
2. oxidized
3. H-charge
4. right
5. half-reactions
6. e-lost
7. Add
8. atoms

ASSESSMENT
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. D
15. B