discLLss he possibity 0f

with extra
desiqninq a Common cirut
loqic circuil bvee C Lb- dogn
mutiplexer (mux),
Lrnany bui elp
ine
MUY. olp 2
n) (:1)
1.1.selectlines Cn)
The
thatutiplexer special combinatio nal Cicuit
fs a
is Tmos+ wiolely wed Standad circuit in dtaita
 emory elcine around
condithon.
S.
I n a )
Race
Hil 1-KFlip Flop. c o n v e s i o n s .
Me ira table. Flip thop
itation
detan ls aluo
kroun ay MUx'S n)
Mr
mulip lexoa elertion
Sele CHor
- The il
selected is teotaolled by
Sele4Stn Mux
the fgune
Caultiplexev

above shout he block

diaa1oml
diagml
cnable
The multplezer con have n inpd At nes ar
Iolp ne. to selecd any one of these ilp trs Y S.5,4 5
we need 'm'Seleci intu
The uth table Jor the
fs
mutiplezer ul abo.
e the lp tines be
o ..?, 1
e Selecd nee be 2- So S,
lebe he olp
y ES -955, +
by ultiplexe
An egic tunc can be implemen ied
Noma in
iL eih G
aTrultiplezer a stcbe CC1 ar
enabk
y umg a
muHiplere as a ieie £ te
f s
inCenpo vaded whitht ther ruthiable f +he ar
Erray atve Jrw ie., it a or any cne
eded tpe atoni hen it fs pertorms
to ims of ce aallaoe.
Logie expekion mu
cw
Pru is The desin_picedure 1s-
lpleTev th Stbe o7
o7 aTable
denti ity he decmal e cei es pcnd'na +
each minterm in the expe isicn. the p iin
a1 é ée terne-es
COE&Donding to+hete Tt.'s
 . O

tire

of t

ND: E
ting)
 mory CIC Race l u uc o n v e r s i o n s ,
Flop,
Flip
palks..
J-K
Flip flop
tnto 88 Pal
( I d i a ) .
table.
lHil into
Shog
Graw
xcitation
table available
,
Mc
the
ruth
(16:1) multiplexers
ave the Javgest
Dividing 16X1
beloo
D gc's
multipleeY 1ReE
liplezeS as vee (use of
the dargei ilp e c s theve should be a
neet
for expansiOn these fs achieved oh the:
wvision
pro
ov
S47obe 1lp's and theh multipleaze
D el ofenable
Stacks 0T 4Tees
D
4I 3 olp's
O
DeMulltplexer (DeMax)
A Demax peitorms the reverse ,operallón of a
multiplexe t occeps the single ilp ond drsibutey
0
4 over Seveal olps
D
Dala input
Demax Oupts
D Dni
Muy
11 So Selectlirg
The fiqune above shous that block dqom of a
De-multiplerer
The mo. of
olp's ane Do Dn-1ie., the no o olp'
dne one n he h of 8ele b ine ae
 qlndna/
encitationt a b l e . F l f
Combina4tona
olp Combinadiona
/hull
r a 1 u
.where m-9" multi
Ae
en',
4he tollocirg
Cmplemen deoder
ed ofo bingy
birnary tb t o 16 ine
m p l e m e n
wed a
the tircit
olecoder

may
aluo
the t eteel lp tne
Seles
Jeiau Jogic
atc
Snl2,

ciicuit usig
H, ¥ 8, 11,12, 13)
appied a
binavy ip's 3.9, 11)
tth
and the ofp is
oblained of
the torespond
to ost
ondira tne n (2
12, 13.14)
the dlaka ine
Is to be tonnecled A the En (10
Cicult can be vealtsrl using og qale En(2,4,
6)
multiplexers
0f De multtplexers Qve be the
1lp's
Availade fr numbers AB,
CiD
Ae
ake A- MS
decalplon Outpus D LSS
c n0
H13 Dual fnveied olp
H Demurs)
YHI55 Dual one y is inverde bp
(H Demuz) (1Y) 1:16
2y iS Same as ilp
HI56 Dual Open tolle chor
C1:A Demux) 4echnoloqy ucd
enabe.
. y inverHe P
2y Same as tlp
H138
8 Demux)
3 ine to 8 ine S S3
decoclers. De-mux tkEE
invelep P Oiscuss abouB
A154 (I:L6 Demux) op Same a
Cor
n e to l6 Jine
detoder
Ctl6 Demux) olp is same as P
-16 detwde
Open tollector ecknoloqy
iS used
l'es
l(nda) Lubie.
I
itston
dexe
inaw

Me

t e m " ,

DeoxR ! deoe a
der ann en
enmd
to r erdded.
u a
binany deorde
ar Notr
DecoDER
3
of a
inouma l i o
iTuit il,
i7(uil he olp
Jogic
dewder is
a
clecodes (5 t
biy a }:4
2" of olps Diqn
i/p's D depdes
Ip's
ond
"(Soroelic Tepreent the too
Jire w
Decooers
have
an'
enable

pts we

% pesrn u lp'u
the olp' u tth

below shans the symbbl foi aa dee

Jel yo Y. dewder
The fiquc

npuls oulphs
de ode
n

eECenable)
un fiunir
En
Wo Y
time and eock
Only 1 ip is axerted al a X
X
X
to 4 valuafion 0f the ip's.a
the ips
p CO1CspPonds O
Seen rom the fiqut the detoder also ha an
O
enable ip
The enable stqnal is wed to dtsable the olps
enable =0, none of the decoder olp is assetad
(alp naf

enable =I, the valuation 0f Wo to Wn-i delem

ohich of the 0lps fs asSevted
ONE HOTENCODING7
on n-bit
binay tode in which exactly one cfth
bS is Sald to 4 af one o
a time knoon auC hot
encodna ENCoDE D 0e
 Flip tuf
C i t a w
Tl
decader
win (2 excitaton
table,

nd
Mc

Vem,

a 3 to 8
Desan

Jewdes Wo

DECoDER

24 de coder
: de coder
a H:l multiplexer using a
Design if vequred
Use
add'ional 9ata
Jet thc two inpuds
na given olesiqn
Select Lines of the
to
De LcER the de code be wed a

multip lezer .

WD

Inthe igure above dives the enable 1lps

the 2 deders as secn the de
colets enabled Wo

2 H
i f w: 0 bottan decooler i enabled. W-0

DECODERTree
llustro4ion Oslula2
OCOngtruc a b 16 dewder uing to 4 Jeod
)
A Jere we need sS to 4 de todex
 k
LimeI

Memory cic Flop,

Race arodlu
convcrs1ons
ProccsDg
J-K Fl1p liop
table, Flp
( I n d a )

ave

nulipleze,
S i g n a l
Hll
that a
e x c i t a t i o n

Graw

thata nd
hert
Mc

System,
hee

ne)07 pn
noted
und
be d oo
( nd
(n
salin encodeT

SA may d a t a i n e

pertosms
the oppoH*
furrttur. of
amd cader
on op he
en

lnes
select
dc
e oder

irfoimotíon
n
en code given
to
Tnulliple
is ti fs
multipleze
i t

belo shous,
a
tf
The purpose dalo o l e " , qrven
the. Single olp The igure
n dlata iPs on to
Conduol of
Selecl p's
fure
pertorms the opposite urr
Binay Enccder

A cicil that intoimation

f10mn an ilp's into
These encodes he
the
-the Value
of a Single dolo encodes
mamely placing
On to mul4fple data olp. is (alled a De-e an 'n bitude.

-A De-multiplexer Can be implemented uira

inJERY
decoder Circuit EniCODE
as a ltoh
A A 2t0 H decode ed
De-multi nbits

the enable ilp Seivcs a

lere, in these Coe

data 1le y the De-mutiplexer and . to y, Note

Serve athe olp's ie, daBa olps of the Demulto have a value
Exa cHly one of the ilp siana shuld
number
of 1 and the olps present the binaTy
24 wla
ODesigna H demultiplear ng to Adeu that iden tifies which 1p is 1

I n sucha design the erable ilp Seres a a dafa

decnde
p tor a demuit'pleae ord to Olp ae the
O
data op's n
gehesal n to ,

decwoler cini
Con be uscd aa o. 1 to de
gn
n
multiplexers o

mony applicatlons the de codes enable ip

15 al
ackually nceded and can be Omiilfed ,+
 S-R. JK
and ) Iatch operaton,
clement, State
around conmdton,
(Indra)

Jlll n : Memory Rice

Grn

J-K Flip Flop, c o n v e r s o n s

c Slave table, Fljp flop

cxeitation

8 l o3 hcede and
IORITY CoDERT
ENCODER:

Paioity encode s one class of encaodei based on

encode
of ip stgnals
he picity evel oith.
each ilp has a prioit asociated
Hee

The paiv1ity encode olp's inditate the acdive ilp

has he highest pigity
tha
ühen an p the hahest paioity is assested the
O they P's uoit douwe priovity are iqn0ied
t The truth ble below Shows a t c 2 Pi01 ty
Encoder

e ws, W, W, , b e the p's and yo9. ale

An extra olp talled 7 - is ued to
cl
indicate a
0
whe ve theie is no piority mentioned
stuaion
desume that to, ha he híg hes+ pioty y,

has eat piity

W
pplication 0f ENCODER
C

Encoder Teduce the no of bits necded to epre

the given information.
Enwder Are ued to tiansmit inf.in a digital

systern
Encoding nf allous the tranuri Hed int to k
buill sngex no. of wITes

Ene cding helps to Store Deaign a digital compe vatts

u
infho) ater use
Comperatos can be de ign or Comja1n9
multibil numbers
 B

of am n-bít (om2rat
Shous block oliagranm
FiguTe
I4eceives ah-bi na.'s f B a m pus ar
inpuk a

the Ouspus aie i) A>B

Cti) A 8
C) AL B
upon the elafíve magnitude
of the 9
depending be
no.'s one or the outpu
will HIGH
Now, Jel w detan a a bit Comparator

A A
BB B
Inps 0ul puts

AoB, B, A> B A B AB
 T Master S a c
SIste tablc. Flip flop conie
excitation
and
guation

hmtor n g addeto1 Suloiac lion

The p ch len 0f
pr o h l k m
Subtraction qek Conveded i t
that
of add:tion
of
if 1's 2 ' s complemen i

1 :poesen
tation are uue d 4o1 7epieseng VC

sAep
i)7he ilp's As minuend and he Subbohed
1s 8

i)Repre ient he Sublrahend in 3s complmen!

sdep
HoTm
Add +-B)
(ti)
slep op

tiv)9f msB of A msB of (-B) hen mse

of Sum= MsB 0f A msB Df (-B)
( the above Step 1s eu. hen msB of
Sum D
(vi)r D the above siep s noitue check
toY Sn- for he value 1

(vr) Df Yu oveilow OccuYs

(vin) 4 above Step t esulk in

is 0
unde low.
) f msB of Sum (Sp-) is 0 is rue.
hen the nesult is ve

8)9the a bove step is falue the

- Ve
olp t
re

Note
The e suli if -Ve is in 's mpement om
-fonn.
 5-4
C u b t r ac t S -
using a'sComplernent

olt T0o0+| =loo]

1
B

0 0

Use 8-bit rePresentation to Stbtract 48-23

A8-23 = 25

23
1
o's Complimend
6 32 2

23

O +

O0
 ole of 0one block runs the
anolhe block ip of
en adder olp ConnecIed to ilp of 2nd
adder
Cascodc
These olecreas es the o
Perating Specd of the
adder the time equred 4o1 the add'!nn
D1a the block diagram 0f an
01der
n-bit odez operation to be mpleta is kmited by
Using full adders time
Ar A
the amount b
equaed to (omplete
BI A the nepelle opeation
techrique called as ko0k - AHEAD CA RRY
GENE RATION PROce Ss is 'edto7 inceasing
Pna EA FAp
he peed of the operation. n these echnigu
amtisipation of the cany bts 4o7 cach stoge
is clone before the ackual Summalion pr0ceks
n-
Adder Look fthead Carny
(LS) 1(arry bepre the Summation is done
I n a half aoldei and fall adder circeits,
-By adding move n- bib we
qel outpuf delay iH has bcen assumed that the0ilp's called
thal much ume and addend and ca17y ps
arc
augend
and the Sum and lany
E9 aco bits addcd then olp will be delay imultaneows y pesent
aco me ted instan taneously
oip's ae genera
aumplion is
false
Adder 7 Look Ahcad (ary
These
ano
augend
assume
hat the pre sen t
is
Th
4iquTe pbove shows an-bit adde Even f ilp's
al
Peent
Schent the addend and tary olps wil
Sum
and ca7y
the
4n-bitadder is impennented u3 d hmull ane o usly "
PaoPagation delay 04
he C017yh0 to Tepelle doon the ine 0 due to
lclayed which the siqnals are
Colladecl adder from ition
pa alle|
haouah
S6 to MSB the9al
ghoon
n-bit
r n . n -the
Gttaune
 hara
C
duayra,
mble. State
(ie ihe Sim
adde shoun ca» becats 0-the
Cay C
he lp' olede laqed
de lays rf the 2ale innohed poPagato
nbuilding
4 00k nhead ndode,
tull ndde ieo (rAO)
. (
hc lp howeve,is SE 0f the inal
is not cquiveol to pass S
eSelt and
is not
tht
the othe gates that s, Se
futhe delau
infacl the Cany D -
The olp (cary olp) is
o the ul adder (FR1) Fig
The elp's o th: tti inena
aclde (FP S
Ceill each the Slèady state only afto
the anival of C anol the
propagation des TA
S:
imtoduced by F1 C
These means the total
clelay upto FAL ill b C:
the Sum of delayr ndreduced
by Fpot FA1
imilarly as we move towar ds the msB (4nal 4ull
bloc k olp) he Cary has to Tepelle through all The ftg above shows the Symbol of Cf-I Dnd
nd
C-1
the Stages thee by cducing the Specd of the adde hich ha three ilp's P: 8: G
adde has the no. of adoler Stages are incra the olpls ane S: C:
Note The fg shoua 4he veali zation of a full adder
The wnc ep+ of L0ok wth a half adde7-
AHEAD CARRY 7equires
ociditional ircuit tree but thc
operation become independent orSpccd
04 Pi A: O B;
bits the ne. of
bih 4 tu dd Gi= A.B
ul adder wing S
Si
Cz-0R
gates Pi O G- A B; C1-1 -0
i he4 Gdder to tonudrut adder Ci G + Pr C1-H
 both p P Bi ne eyel AND - 0R (as the eqh is in sop fum)
i is 10nly
The e the olp of
half adi.
the half
adde 0f -the
neiation 04 these Cary olp's the
asSeen fuher
Gis Jeneiation
(The olp
Gisi(G;-1)
ay
is geneiateol
as
rvomom fo
the
caatfon delay of only 3-qates wil be
tonnee Hed to the
the cp theve Caiy olps a e
These
Ga¬NERATE"
CARRY GENERT of the Succevsding slage elininatns
tem s Called
ray ps
epelle through
The
independent o4
ihe
ilp cam C- he Cay
Kalue
is
AI5o Pc
knoon as the 'CopD
tunc. ing
e DnncD! the tolowing
Dnplemenl the
vaiable Pi is RRY
l y the a
l6:1 multiplezey
is
PRoPAGATE which
invealed)
is
wHh the popagafi olp vala
These tem s associated
(Hhe
*l
fom Ci-1 to C C,D) : m (0,2,3, 6,
of the Cary he func fAB,
9,12,I)
Because Ci- hi+ R C1-1
A these is H multiplexe T.
Oe Can oite olouon the Boblean ezpresions wllse CHIST
TO impLement any tunc.
0f you7 Choîce.
Cavy olp at each stage or har
)
Using cqh® Cil Gi +Ba C;
Substituele n
Car t4 tPe lG RC]
C141 61tl + PG + RPCi-1
Based on these, àn n-bil adder Can he oleignel
Note
- f the Cay generales slqnal G Cav
Propagaie Sgnal the 4p caiy
P and
Slanal a Qvailable Simultancously -1h
be qenevaled Ipndlu ced ng
Cary lp Can
 '-aarin1o
sequcntial
hal Cki
Ckt ae paati cular actull in
ONIT-N
whee ae
Ch1
lal lesigns olpt ave nequived t
circuit- Combinational memory elkmen
emet oligi
ed n a
acndance-torth he Sequenee of
Seguential
)(Stater-Piesen{ slale (Ps) Aeenbat genëra
l p Siqnals
Alezt,state (Ns) the
olp geneiated deperd
n
Such applications ako on the pa4 histos
ilp
onthe present as ihe
Cii STATE
DIAGRAM
The past histony is provicdleed
these ilp's. tlp.
STATE TABE
from the olp back to the
feccdback
ck onty
ewe iwoill 9 enerate
l l generatc o
Basedon comb
ilp memoy
elemnt
ME
olp
shown above 1s the block
block diagsam
diaqaam
The tgure
ckt
of a Sequential
fhe sequentia l
Canngt ole te vmine
od bination Ck Contents
elements FLUP PLDPs
ele ment
Clock Se ccH Omemo y eleme
Omemo7y masters
sauce
LAICHES) 1
ferdback+ J - k, T, Ji
(omb Ckl 4met CPuls
Jin UrLL (S-R, D,
cklclock
r Raqe a1ou nd
condition
( ) Synchoonous
Async hronoy sea Ckt Statetable. , stale diaqram
either 0 or 1 Characteri stic Eq uation
FUPELoP it Stores
flIPrlops is call- Ezttat lon table
L Combnation o
REGISTCPS
Flip Flop Convevsions
counles Synchioncut
the combinate
ASynchvonous
Sequental circui! epencls on
sh#t Tcgis lens (et.)
ogie ciicuik
Apant 410m othe elements
 table, Stated1agrani,
avino
combinational ogic cTul
Aogic crui! ckts
arc
Tealised uiing ombina tional Ckt
of a
i.e.,
i.e, FAIP FLOPS
Desination elements
elements
Sc
OlP's a r aléte
memory
n
combinalional loqlc
Ckt
of ilp's
determinen nd
the prcsent yalues
(olp changes ohen w thana
fully by memor 4
elemen+ Combinai
ombinalional
Joqic
(ELIP FL0) ci1cuil
Sequendtal logie:cruit
on the pad
on Pout
î n these ckt's the olp depends
coell a the pTesent val.ue
behaviour of the ckt
as
of Ahe lp's
(LOCk
e Can identifu past by þuting
thaB in meh sBructure of aa
shows the general
unt The diguYe
Sequen tial ck{.
CAock sef of pimary ilp's (o)
The ck has
a
Seyel clrck and produces sef of olp's ()
1 U
The values of the olp's of a FlIP FLoP
Sel o ilp'
edge clock ave epiesen ted by (a)(8.5]
Onder the Control of ckock the FLIP FLoP olp
the
9n masB of the Sequtn al ckis we have
changes their stale. as delemined by the
9 a clock is uscd tha! type of Sequenial ck
Combinational Aogic thaB Aeeds the ilp of
ontrolled by Clock)
fLIPFLOP (7he olp 0f FIP FLoP is
s Called synch1onous Sequehtial ckets.
h e clock anses the olp will mel change)
The Synchonous Seg. Ckis ave masB popular and
the ilp
thus have lorge no of applications The ombinational ogic that provides 41om
FLOP` derives its p's
9f thexe is no clock in a Seq Ckl it is Called Signal to the FLIP
two Sources
a
sych7onous Sequen tial ckt. and is Complez
to design and thus tt is mot popula (Jess app , the primar 1P is
FlIP FLOPs is &
There hd
2the presen olp's of the
aie Some
special cases wheve coe
4
ckl's isFINITE
Asynchvonou Only Another Herm tued o Seq
STATE MACHENC (FSM)
 Scquenlai J-K Flip Flop, Race around condtron. Stare
J-K. D, 1. Master Slave
types. S-R.
Flip-Flop flop converstons
Characteristic
cxCitation table.
equation and
Fip
table, State diagram
STAT 29
ck of
.iention Engineering
TLDnsiSt inverten G, G2
elkment Ore sad
-
tConta'ns, the Sto 1age
of (Using NEN
represent the state of the ckt As
e n the olp of G. 1s nnected 4e
lo of G (A and the olp G is con netted
hen the ckts ilp change values
he ilp of G, Lalked (A) . 14 ha 2 Stabl
to
the lp values etthe Jeave the ckt
states
to Change
in the Same state oY Cause it to
(a) one(1) State is (alled SeT Statr
me Staté. F7od hana aap in fomh
cb) e7ob)state i's talled ReseT tat
arge dnomt Cu wll d hanat)
the op of G s 1
Ass u m
Note hese is aluo the ilp of
G it, G-!
Over the time the kt hanqes to a
scqunce . The olp of
Gqp-0 =
Stats as the resulH of
Changes in he ilp Similarly 1f Q-0 hen 1
Basic memory elemend oj23 Observafions
(0)The olp a ã are rraluoays tomplenendaz,
two Stable sBates i.c, -
A
(ti) The Ckt has SeT STATE o as thc
thenid vauo) (a) = I eder red
STATE"
the 'ResET
(b) Q-0: refered to as
A G2 tit) If the Ckt is in One State
(1) 1t vemains
siaBe
in the Stafe and if it is in 0(ten)
eminn thal Siate
H Continues to
4he S m satordinously (wh
(led mneoly
1sET
SAIC it is stoing is
calleo tmen
The value
KOCkED / LAJCHED
0 RESE is called
dilal memory
STHTE
Ahd these ckt
Gl, A: l, o -A, = 1 elen ent
ial
The igure above shouoi bastt tandamen FLIP FLOP LATCH
memory element
 ( H.
diagram,
table, State
aa tinn Engineering
eleament tothvul clock ll. 29 the cttehaves
memoy
)
eOhen a
follo.a
LATC o0 613 is 0 and he olp 0f Gs .
the olp
o t h clock- fKIPFAoP AS onneof p of G, is d 1 op will dedrolely
cqual to 1
Ch) Ther prepesty o4 1he ckl is efevedh
.c,
Stone J-bil of ntom both he
MEORy i.e., it Can As Such the ip's of a e 4he olp
Lockrd or Jalcheod i.C 0
) he infoumaion is 04
This Ck s called as a datch. - :0
Disadvantag ) S0 R-Ihed the ckt behaves aaltnac
ollas
he olp of G3 is and the op oí G, s o
Thee is no y 0f enteing hc desined d
intomatien h be sto ved in As one of ilp is o is olp oll odefinalely
As
he
when the ckl is Scotthed ON 0ne of he so equal to1 i., 0
stales s either - l )
O- AS Such 4he bo both Hhe 1lpt of G, ae o the
9n other wonds or a e not able to prediced olp of G, -1 -1
the sHadeAs Such ck! necds modification
SR LATCH
A (se)
(seT)
S-R Pp flop
R
G
CRESET)
S:1,R: o Se :1
S 0, R:| =R¬StT : 0
S-0,R:0> SeT 9:1 n Outpu
n Remaks
) 0 n
1 SCT
0 PesC
PACA
 able, Staledagram
laprin
C o nf
di o n pruhthidd.
p 1 n h s4adr
(") Rare tonfhion
FAIP fipr
clocked
-R
opesations o f o k
C cloCk 1 ,
: Ord 1
a pf
he op gade
7h ique above
4houn 4ha s-P memo7le
memorie these mokej 0ne o 9 9 1 G . AND
element(S-sel ,
R- REseT),In Synch10nisafh, gades ze0. onsequently oi t
Caliled ai a dock iHaingiC So -these iotrrdi
th a tian o fulues asumption tho the 0 1 smpiemei
the Cock Is
+he cinck 1s reseni ic, sane au 0u
1 thaf he cock Deumej
othe cf
+he opeiation is eractly the
to.
1 i s e mo t
the 5RfAIPfLOP W'houf cLock 3and G
above ulh i valid lepening on h e pcogkion delb
4 dock is 1 1h
o the 2ates .
eithethe sizéle
h e n the cdock not pieicnd.1, cioCk:0 stafe Qntl I i.e., nr 0
he gofe a,. G re inhabited
Ur a nat pasin il whn doth ko Thus. stafe of the cirat s
ndedre
in d e
it thtin o oe 1 mespectie of yalur of Sto to) indefei minate (o) Abibiguoy D
by a (')
n 0ther ord: the CKH ponir to the p's ln
n Our ufh 4abl Shouhe
S ond Only hen the doc s present
'n P 1 i s forbiden ai Tot
olr(G..) Re mayks lock alioor fu Oct7
h lot
rhror
Psel
 P
ofp Remanks
Sn Nomal
clear
RESCT
(PRESE T
h FLIP FLOP;
siate o an SR FLIP FAOP
Th uncea tainíty
these Can be elminaied b
hEn Sn kn - 1
SRfAIP ELGP into a k FLIP FLOP
onveing
Th lada /ps heie are T and k
Cr/cl(cleRe) P
ishen the poer is SSAched oN the Statr of
he CkiunknoOn (because oéa tactor ngiie )
may be SET Q=l (07) RESET =b
9n many D the applicaBions it is desired o
C
iitiaiy SeT n) ReseT, the FAIPFlOp
Sn T-k =
FLIP FAOP S J and k
in other oods the initial state of the FuPFAOP PT
t be Qusaned
- n oToler t athieve thur dnect on Asyncha
onouy
p's efrted b as PRESET a} and ClEAR a
ued K
R
REK
These p's moy be
he 0ppled at any time
beta
loc puuer and ane not with synchiona
oth he Joc
TL evel igea
ineering
attive oo cla ne hen
Sn
algrning
o u n d tonttion
th ulty chen both Sn Rn 1 bcng no
loed 1 an SR TAOP fAoP is elimina4 in
nalAr FIPFkOP using eedlback tonnection
pled ab
of t k
fum he olp o the ip
Remats thtr 1aom he uth table shaon it is assume
ne change ha he ips donot change ohen the ciock
hese conditipn is not ue pa»diculaly în
of feedback connce-4iong
1he prcsence
Rex onside fo Cxample J: I,k:l and :o and
clock pulsc is applicd a Shiuen bele
Tdgle (ON. OFF altin
Tiailng/meafie eadna
'Sing NAND 9ai dailing colge
Pesdivel lead'ng edge A pop olelay
o4 NPND gates
+cock tim ng
9Her ime inteaal al equal
ihe
t piop delay 4hrugh
- NPAID gades the olp will change
to - 4
deav
 S4H hen g- 0 after the
J:t Jt,
me
0f At

NowJ: J: 1, k=l 9 - l afler anothe time ih

time înteva
neiva
to g-0
A the olp wil Chang
ALer-a cluratien0T) These toill happen +

duing the width of the clockpulse = T.

clock he value o
A f the end of the puke ie,
Situation is efe Tred
These
i s mot togaúng.
condHion"
to as ace Around
when t2oidth of msing hen
thch: Race Aiund
fAdund
condition wilmot OCCur