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Đề 19.1
I. LISTENING
1. Part 1
Listen and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. In a previous lecture, Dr North talked about the humankind’s relationship with sailing.
2. The focus of today’s talk will be on European fishing problems.
3. During the last century, the world population has grown very fast.
4. As well as over-fishing, the fact that oceans are more polluted is a reason for fishing stock
being on the point of collapse in the Pacific.
5. In the UK, fish used to be seen as a luxury.
Part 2. You will hear a radio programme about Bio-mimicry, the science of copying nature
in order to create new technologies. Listen and complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER.
1. Velcro was developed after its inventor observed the sticking qualities of one particular
plant’s  .......................................................
2. Wood has the beneficial feature of being able to .......................................................
3. The Namibian Fog Basking beetle uses its ability to .......................................................  in
order to live in harsh conditions.
4. A ....................................................... on the beetle’s shell repels water and aids the
formation of large droplets.
5. The ‘Able Project’ uses ....................................................... from the composting process
as an input to the fish farm.
Part 3: You will hear part of a radio programme about journalists who interview
famous people. Choose the answer which fits best according to what you hear.
1. In his introduction, the presenter says that celebrity interviewers
a. attract more attention than they probably wish to.
b. are pleased to be regarded as possessing great expertise.
c. are given considerable prominence in most British papers.
d. require different skills from other types of journalist.
2. Lynn Barber says that her approach involves
a. pointing out contradictions in what interviewees have said previously.
b. asking only questions that interviewees will have difficulty answering.
c. making it clear that she does not believe some of what interviewees tell her.
d. making interviewees who she dislikes believe that she likes them.
3. What does Zoe Heller say about the people she interview?
a. she is glad that they do not have an opportunity to interview her.

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 b. few of them appreciate how much effort she puts into her interviews.
c. she is less concerned about upsetting some of them than others.
d. they should not be surprised by what happens when she interviews them.
4. Angela Lambert dislikes it when interviewees
a. ask her to leave out minor matters.
b. think that she genuinely likes them a lot.
c. accuse her of insincerity.
d. are too nervous to speak openly.
5. Ray Connolly implies that his approach may involve
a. making sure that interviewees stick to the order he has decided on.
b. trying to make interviewees sound more interesting than they really are.
c. rephrasing things interviewees say if they don’t make sense.
d. excluding comments that interviewees may come to regret.
Part 4: Listen to a piece of news about the loss of rainforests and complete the summary
below. WRITE NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER.
Since the beginning of 20th century rainforests have been under threat of extinction. One
major cause of deforestation is repurposing the land for 1. ________ such as growing rubber
or palm oil on its property.
The loss of this dense biodiversity can pose several threats to our modern society. It is
estimated that 2.________ modern medicines would be lost along with thousands of
3._______ derived from plants while underprivileged groups are relying on rainforest plants
for medicines. According to World Health Organization, 4.______ take up to 50% of all
medicines in China. Another major problem is climate change. Known as 5. _________,
rainforests absorb CO2, clearing it from the atmosphere. A rise in carbon dioxide levels and a
fall in rainforest acreage would contribute to 6. _______ and severe droughts. More seriously,
7. __________ over resources such as farming land has led to farmers’ deaths globally.
It is not easy to find a feasible approach to stopping deforestation as many people on Earth
survive by means of natural resource 8. __________. A typical example is palm oil industry
which helps to 9. _______ by creating jobs for millions of farmers. Switching to another
production of 10. ________ like sunflower or soybean would even cause more land
destruction.
B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
*Grammar
1. I woke up late for my interview because I ____ about it all night and didn’t get much sleep.
A. worried B. have been worrying C. had been worrying D. had worried

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2. ____ September 1st, ticket prices for the museum will increase to $6.
A. As for B. As of C. As shown D. As well
3 ______ receipt of your instructions, I immediately sent a telex message to Algeria.
A. On B. In C. With D. By
4. The old lady came near to _______ of pneumonia but to everyone's amazement she pulled
through.

A. death B. dying C. being dead D. die

5. I take great exception _______ the implication that I was not telling the truth.

A. against B. from C. to D. with

* Vocabulary
1. Make sure you ____ up the data on your computer, because you might get a virus.
A. back B. copy C. store D. save
2. She ____ a name for herself in politics by running for mayor.
A. gave B. made C. did D. wrote
3. The Man-eating Tiger of Borneo, as its name ____, killed and ate a number of people.
A. calls B. rings the bell C. suggests D. shows
4. Many local authorities realise there is a need to make ____ for disabled people in their
housing programmes.
A. assistance B. conditions C. admittance D. provision
5. Our salesmen normally ____ their travel expenses from the company once a month.
A. settle B. reimburse C. cover D. claim
6. These suggestions are ____ to be accepted by the majority of members.
A. unlikely B. impossible C. undoubtedly D.
inconceivable
7. I’m sure that never happened – it’s just a ______ of your imagination.
A. fantasy B. figment C. piece D. picture
8. At first the children enjoyed the game but quite soon the novelty ______.
A. went off B. died out C. died down D. wore off
9. Tamara has set her _______ on becoming a ballet-dancer.

A. feet B. brain C. heart D. head

10. The UN has called for an immediate _______ of hostilities.

A. cessation B. cancellation C. deletion D. ceasefire

11. The book _______ to a number of interesting research studies which I would really like to
find out more about.

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 A. hints B. cites C. declares D. alludes
12. Ever year many small companies get _______ up by large multinationals.

A. swallowed B. burnt C. digested D. drowned

13. The country has few natural resources and its economy has been _______ for some time
now.
A. diseased B. unwell C. sickening D. ailing

14. Not many people are good at assessing their own abilities and Mark must be _______ for
recognising that he would never become a great musician.
A. merited B. commended C. advocated D. talented

15. Most critics praise that actor's work but I think he's rather _______.
A. over-played B. over-rated C. over-blown D. over-priced

Part 2. Give the correct form of the words in the brackets.

1. You have to be prepared for every __________(EVENT) in this line of work.
2. The building looks a bit __________ (FUTURE) from the outside but it’s quite traditional
inside.
3. The heavy snow meant that the mountain roads were __________ (PASS) for over a week.
4. She was charged with being disorderly and __________ (INTOXICANT).
5. They are planning for an advertising campaign to __________ (PUBLIC) the new film.
6. As a gesture of___________(PARTIAL), the commission tested our products, too.
7. Barack Obama is the first President of the United States with ___________ (RACE)
background.
8. The project went over budget because of ………..(CALCULATE) at the planning stage.
9. Next week, the Sunday mass will be held to ___________ (MEMORY) the victims of the
holocaust.
10. The pain became ___________ (ENDURE) during the night, so I called the doctor.
C. READING
Part 1: Read the following passage. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word.
Most people like to think they are (1)__individualists____ and simply wear whatever they
like. Few people will admit to being (2)___slaves____ to fashion. However we are not just
talking of the expensive haute couture of the Paris or Milan fashion houses, which not many
people can (3)___afford____ anyway. We are talking of fashions and (4)___trends____ in
everyday clothes. We say that we wear jeans and sweaters because they are cheap and
practical, but it isn’t true that our jeans and sweaters tend to be the same as everyone else
wears? Doesn’t that mean that we like to be (5)___trendy____? Of course the big chain-

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stores, to some extent, (6)___dictate (sai khiến)____ what we wear, but they always offer a
choice and people do, on the whole, like to wear the latest (7)___fashion____, which extends
beyond clothes to make-up, personal (8)____ornaments (đồ trang sức)___ (men wear
earrings too, nowadays) and hair styles. It is easy to declare that we do not slavishly
(9)___follow____ the dictates of fashion, but aren’t we all (10)____conformists (người luôn
luôn theo 1 tập tục nào đó)___ at heart?
Part 2. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
Which picture do you have of the future? Will life in the future be better, worse or the
same as now? What do you hope about the future?
Futurologists predict that life will probably be very different in 2050 in all fields of
activity, from entertainment to technology. First of all, it seems that T.V channels will have
disappeared by 2050. Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu “and a computer
will send the program directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to
read newspapers and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050
music, films, programs, newspaper and books will come to us by computer.
Then “Holographic Feedback T .V” will have arrived: holograms are pictures that
have height, width, and depth .Simple holograms exist today and “virtual reality “games are
already popular. By 2050, we will be able to see, smell and touch the things that we see on
television.
In what concerns the environment? Water will have become one of our most serious
problems. In many places, agriculture is changing and farmers are growing fruit and
vegetables to export. This uses a lot of water. Demand for water will increase ten times
between now and 2050 and there could be serious shortages. Some futurologists predict that
water could be the cause of war if we don’t act now.
In transport, cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will
have computers to control the speed of the car and there won’t be any accidents. Today, many
cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will
control the car and drive it to your destination. On the other hand, space planes will take
people halfway around the world in two hours. Nowadays, the United States Shuttle can go in
to space and land on Earth again. By 2050, spaces planes will fly all over the world and
people will fly from Los Angles to Tokyo in just two hours.
In the domain of technology, robots will have replaced people in factories. Many
factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots – they do not ask for pay rises or go
on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere – in
factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops, and homes.

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 Last but not least, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases. Today,
there are electronic devices that connect directly to the brain to help people hear. By 2050, we
will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again .Scientists have discovered
how to control genes .They have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will
be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look, how they behave and how
much intelligence they have.
1. What can be inferred about the life in 2050 according to the passage?
A. Life in 2050 will be much better.
B. T. V will be an indispensable means of communication and business.
C. People will not be threatened by the shortage of water due to the polar melting.
D. The deaf will not have to depend any longer on the electronic hearing devices.
2. What can be inferred from the passage about T.V viewers of the year 2050?
A. They will show more interest in virtual games.
B. They will become couch potatoes.
C. They will be able to check the food before ordering with a T V at home.
D. They will have more choices of channels to watch and enjoy.
3. We can conclude from the passage that in 2050 ……………. .
A. people will be able to travel around the world in two hours.
B. less cars will be used to keep the environment green and clean.
C. no one will be injured or will die due to accidents.
D. spaces planes will take the place of cars as means of transport.
4. The word “This” refers to which of the following?
A. changes in agriculture
B. growing fruits and vegetables
C. one of the most serious problems
D. demand for water
5. The word “domain” is closest meaning to ……………. .
A. area B. territory C. boundary D. range
6. Why does the author use “prefer robots”?
A. to show the importance of robots in production
B. to encourage the workers to resign from the work
C. to compare the robots with the workers
D. to emphasize the scientists’ roles in inventing robots
7. Why do big companies “prefer robots”?
A. Robots ask for pay rises
B. Robots don’t require salary or stop work

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C. Robots like to work in big companies
D. Companies can’t afford to hire employees
8. It can’t be inferred from the passage EXCEPT ……………… .
A. Cloning will offer babies for the one who won’t get married.
B. Clones of people may live forever.
C. Cloning is one of the examples of scientist’s controlling human genes.
D. Clones of people will produced with the help of the electric devices.
9. The passage mainly discusses …………….
A. the effect of the futurologist’s prediction on our lives.
B. the effect of the telecommunication and technology on our future life.
C. changes in our future life compared with our lives today.
D. the importance of cloning in the future.
10. What is the author’s attitude in the passage?
A. concerned B. explanatory C. outraged D. emotional
Part 3. Answer the questions 1-13, which are based on reading passage below.
The way in which information is taught can vary greatly across cultures and time
periods. Entering a British primary school classroom from the early 1900s, for example, one
gains a sense of austerity, discipline, and a rigid way of teaching. Desks are typically seated
apart from one another, with straight-backed wooden chairs that face directly to the teacher
and the chalkboard. In the present day, British classrooms look very different. Desks are often
grouped together so that students face each other rather than the teacher, and a large floor area
is typically set aside for the class to come together for group discussion and learning.
Traditionally, it was felt that teachers should be in firm control of the learning process,
and that the teacher's task was to prepare and present material for students to understand.
Within this approach, the relationship students have with their teachers is not considered
important, nor is the relationship students have with each other in the classroom. A student's
participation in class is likely to be minimal, aside from asking questions directed at the
teacher, or responding to questions that the teacher has directed at the student. This style
encourages students to develop respect for positions of power as a source of control and
discipline. It is frequently described as the "formal authority" model of teaching.
A less rigid form of teacher-centred education is the "demonstrator" model. This
maintains the formal authority model's notion of the teacher as a "flashlight" who illuminates
the material for his or her class to learn, but emphasises a more individualised approach to
form. The demonstrator acts as both a role model and a guide, demonstrating skills and
processes and then helping students develop and apply these independently. Instructors who
are drawn to the demonstrator style are generally confident that their own way of performing

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a task represents a good base model, but they are sensitive to differing learning styles and
expect to provide students with help on an individual basis.
Many education researchers argue for student-centred learning instead, and suggest
that the learning process is more successful when students are in control. Within the student-
centred paradigm, the "delegator" style is popular. The delegator teacher maintains general
authority, but they delegate much of the responsibility for learning to the class as a way for
students to become independent thinkers who take pride in their own work. Students are often
encouraged to work on their own or in groups, and if the delegator style is implemented
successfully, they will build not only a working knowledge of course specific topics, but also
self-discipline and the ability to co-ordinate group work and interpersonal roles.
Another style that emphasises student-centred education is the "facilitator" mode of
learning. Here, while a set of specific curriculum demands is already in place, students are
encouraged to take the initiative for creating ways to meet these learning requirements
together. The teacher typically designs activities that encourage active learning, group
collaboration, and problem solving, and students are encouraged to process and apply the
course content in creative and original ways. Whereas the delegator style emphasises content
and the responsibility students can have for generating and directing their own knowledge
base, the facilitator style emphasises form and the fluid and diverse possibilities that are
available in the process of learning.
Until the 1960s, formal authority was common in almost all Western schools and
universities. As a professor would enter a university lecture theatre, a student would be
expected to rush up, take his bag to the desk, and pull out the chair for the professor to sit
down on. This style has become outmoded over time. Now at university, students and
professors typically have more relaxed, collegiate relationships, address each other on a first
name basis, and acknowledge that students have much to contribute in class. Teacher-centred
education has a lingering appeal in the form of the demonstrator style, however, which
remains useful in subjects where skills must be demonstrated to an external standard and the
learning process remains fixed in the earlier years of education. A student of mathematics,
sewing or metalwork will likely be familiar with the demonstrator style. At the highest levels
of education, however, the demonstrator approach must be abandoned in all fields as students
are required to produce innovative work that makes unique contributions to knowledge.
Thesis and doctoral students lead their own research in facilitation with supervisors.
The delegator style is valuable when the course is likely to lead students to careers that
require group projects. Often, someone who has a high level of expertise in a particular field
does not make for the best employee because they have not learnt to apply their abilities in a
co-ordinated manner. The delegator style confronts this problem by recognising that

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interpersonal communication is not just a means to learning but an important skill set in itself.
The facilitator model is probably the most creative model, and is, therefore, not suited to
subjects where the practical component necessitates a careful and highly disciplined manner,
such as training to be a medical practitioner. It may, however, suit more experimental and
theoretical fields ranging from English, music, and the social sciences to science and medical
research that takes place in research labs. In these areas, "mistakes" in form are important and
valuable aspects of the learning and development process.
Overall, a clear evolution has taken place in the West from a rigid, dogmatic, and
teacher-dominated way of learning to a flexible, creative, and student-centred approach.
Nevertheless, different subjects, ages, and skill levels suit different styles of teaching, and it is
unlikely that there will ever be one recommended approach for everyone.
Questions 1- 8
Look at the following statements (Questions 1- 8) and the styles of teaching below.
Match each statement with the correct teaching style, A -D.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1. The emphasis is on students directing the learning process.
2. The teacher shows the class how to do something, then students try it on their own.
3. Student-teacher interaction and student-student interaction is limited.
4. The emphasis is on the process of solving problems together.
5. Students are expected to adjust to the teacher's way of presenting information.
6. The teacher designs group activities that encourage constructive interaction.
7. Time is set aside for one-on-one instruction between teacher and student.
8. Group and individual work is encouraged independently of the teacher.
List of Teaching Styles
A. Formal authority
B. Demonstration
C. Delegator
D. Facilitator
Questions 9-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
TRUE if the statement agree with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9. The formal authority model remains popular in educational institutions of the West.
10. The demonstrator model is never used at tertiary level.
11. Graduates of delegator style teaching are good communicators.

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12. The facilitator style is not appropriate in the field of medicine.
Question 13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.
13. What is the best title for Reading Passage 1?
A. Teaching styles and their application
B. Teaching: then and now
C. When students become teachers
D. Why student-centred learning is best
Part 4: You are going to read an article from The Economist. Choose from the paragraphs
A – H the one which fits each gap (1 – 7).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
FOUR LEGS BETTER?
It is not clear that the global boom in pet-keeping is doing humans much good.
Martin Salomon has brought his dog, Manolo, to the “canine area” of a public park in
Condesa, a wealthy district of Mexico City. As he watches the happy, free-running animals,
he reflects on how dogs’ lives have changed. Mr Salomón, who was born in the northern state
of Sonora, recalls that his grandmother had two dogs—a black one called Negro and a white
one called Güero, meaning pale. They were seldom allowed in the house. And today?
Recently he attended a birthday party for a friend’s dog, with a cake, candles and a party hat
for the pooch.
1. ……C…….
Keeping pets is hardly novel; nor is pampering (nuông chiều, làm hư) them. Archaeologists
have discovered graves from more than 10,000 years ago containing the skeletons of humans
and dogs. Some of the dogs suffered from diseases, and were presumably cared for by their
owners. Eighteenth-century portraits are full of well-groomed animals. But never have so
many people kept pets, nor have they fawned over them as much as they do now. For better or
worse, an almost global pet culture is emerging.
2……F…..
As people grow better-off, their attitudes to domestic animals change. Surveys by
Euromonitor, a market-research firm, show that in emerging markets wealthy people are more
likely than poorer people to describe pets as “beloved members of the family”, as opposed to
merely well-treated animals. In 2015 a Harris poll of American pet owners found that 95%
deemed their animals part of the family—up from 88% in 2007. Americans behave

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accordingly. More than two-thirds allow pets to sleep on their beds, and almost half have
bought them birthday presents.
3…A……..
In countries with long traditions of pet-keeping, these changes may be visible only with
hindsight (sự nhìn ra đc vấn đề sau đó). Sami Tanner, the head of strategy at Musti Group,
which owns almost 300 pet-supplies shops in Finland, Norway and Sweden, points to the Irish
setters that his family has kept. In the late 1960s his mother’s dog, Cimi, was fed cheap dog
food and table scraps, and had just two accoutrements: a blanket and a leash. In 2009 Mr
Tanner’s dog Break became the first canine in the family to have his teeth brushed, and the
first to acquire a raincoat and a bed. His current dog, Red, has several jackets, attends dog
school, and is a model.
4……G….
Some animals are easier to see as family members than others. As the expectation that pets
should provide companionship and emotional support has grown, the range of favoured
species has narrowed. In 1949 Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian biologist, recommended fish,
hamsters, bullfinches and starlings as excellent pets. Five years later, Marlon Brando’s
character in “On the Waterfront” kept pigeons. Today just two species dominate: Canis
familiaris and Felis catus. Sales of dog and cat food are rising in Britain. Rabbit, rodent, fish
and bird food are all in decline, according to the Pet Food Manufacturers’ Association.
5 ……H…..
Some of the most popular dogs are roughly cat-sized. Early last year the French bulldog
overtook the Labrador retriever as Britain’s most popular pedigree (có nòi giống) dog; pugs
were not far behind. In America, the French bulldog has risen from the 58th most popular
pedigree dog to fourth since 2002, according to the American Kennel Club. French bulldogs
and pugs have something in common besides size. If you ignore their ears, they look a little
like human babies. Their eyes are large and their noses squashed—so much so that many of
them suffer from breathing problems.
6……D……
Still, pets are undoubtedly treated better than they were. Mr. Romano of Nestlé says that Latin
American ones used to subsist largely on (sống phần lớn nhờ) table scraps, but no longer.
Across the continent, he says, dogs now get about 40% of their calories from pet food,
whereas cats get a little more. And pet owners are buying posher nibbles. Euromonitor
estimates that dog-food sales in Mexico have grown by 25% in real terms since 2013.
Premium therapeutic foods, which are supposedly good for dogs and are definitely heavy on
wallets, are selling especially well.
7……B…..

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It is unclear that pets are benefiting from the extra attention to their diets. Julie Churchill, a
veterinary nutritionist at the University of Minnesota, says that some specialist pet foods are
useful. Animals with diabetes need special diets, as do extremely large dogs. But the rapid
growth of natural, unprocessed pet food strikes her as an example of people extrapolating
(ngoại suy) from their own dietary concerns. Unlike its human equivalent, pet food is
processed with the aim of creating a more balanced diet. As for grain-free food (another
human fad that has transferred to pets), Ms Churchill suspects it could be linked to a kind of
heart disease in dogs.
The missing paragraphs:
A. Some parts of the world are keener than others on pets. Argentines are much more likely
to keep animals than are Japanese people; in mostly Muslim countries people tend not to have
dogs. But in general, the wealthier a country is, the more people have pets. As a rule of
thumb, says Carlos Romano, the head of Nestlé’s pet-food operations in Latin America, the
animal instinct kicks in when household incomes exceed about $5,000 a year.
B. Musti ja Mirri’s shop in Tammisto, a suburb of Helsinki, suggests how far this process can
run. The shop not only sells a huge range of prepared pet foods, including ice cream for dogs,
grain-free foods and foods for moggies with a wide variety of conditions including old age,
urinary problems and “sensitive digestions”. It also has two large freezers of fresh meat. The
assistants say that a growing number of dog owners add this meat to prepared food, believing
it to be more natural and healthy. Elsewhere dog owners can order food tailored to their pets’
specific requirements, from outfits like Tails.com in Britain and Feed My Furbaby in New
Zealand.
C. People in the pet industry use the word “humanisation” to describe many of the changes
they see. It does not imply that people think their pets are actually human (although
sometimes you wonder: many cats and dogs have Instagram accounts, and a few people have
symbolically married their pets). Rather, more pet owners have come to believe that their
animals can do human-like things, such as understand them, calm them and love them. They
have also come to believe that pets should be treated more like humans.
D. However, a still trickier question is whether pets are good for people. John Bradshaw, the
author of “The Animals Among Us”, argues that pets seem to calm people down and help
them create bonds with other people. Only some people, though. Anecdotal evidence that
some people are disposed to adore pets, whereas others fear or loathe them, has been borne
out by studies. Statistical research on Swedish twins by Tove Fall of Uppsala University and
others suggests that more than half of the propensity to own dogs is heritable.
E. It has even been suggested that young people are substituting pets for children. Millennials,
who are getting around to having kids later than any generation before, reinforce that

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impression by doting on their “fur babies”. For all that, it is probably wrong. Birth rates
plunged in countries like China and Korea long before the pet boom. In America, pet
ownership is linked to having children (not a surprise to anyone who has been on the
receiving end of a multi-year lobbying campaign to get one). And the things that pet parents
claim to get from their furry charges, such as love, companionship and understanding, sound
less like the things we expect from children and more what we want from a spouse or lover.
F. Elsewhere, the changes are head-snapping fast. In parts of East Asia, dogs have long been
valued as food. Cats may be made into tonics. Western journalists in South Korea for the
2018 Winter Olympics went in search of dog meat; they found it, even though officials
offered to pay restaurants to remove it while the visitors were around. As the culture of pet-
keeping spreads, though, a domestic lobby has emerged. In 2017 the Korean president, Moon
Jae-in, acquired a dog from a shelter; earlier this year the mayor of Seoul vowed to close all
dog butchers. Chinese animal lovers hound the dog-meat festival held each year in the
province of Guangxi.
G. In South Korea, some people who keep cats refer to themselves not as “owners” or even
“parents”—a more condescending term that appeared in America in the 1990s and has spread.
Instead they are “butlers”. Some take their feline masters to a cat hotel in the Gangnam
district of Seoul. It resembles a beauty studio, with plump cushions and pastel colours. The
rooms and suites, costing $35-50 for a day, are equipped with ridges and tunnels for the cats
to play in, as well as cameras and microphones. “It’s so the cats can hear their butlers’
voices,” explains the owner, Cho Hanna.
H. Of the two privileged species, cats have a slight advantage. Euromonitor expects the
number of pet cats worldwide to grow by 22% between 2018 and 2024, compared with 18%
for dogs. Cats are better suited to apartment living than dogs, so they are more at home in the
densely populated, fast-growing cities of Asia. They are also more tolerant of their owners’-
sorry, butlers’-erratic working hours.
Task 5: Read the passage and choose the destination from A – E. Each destination may
be chosen more than once.
EXPLORING THE CANADIAN OUTDOORS
A. Churchill
Churchill, Manitoba, has much to offer in the way of sightseeing, and its natural surrounds are
truly spectacular, but its beauty is nothing but a side-show; the polar bears are the main event
in these parts, Churchill being the unofficial polar bear capital of the world. Every year, from
October to early December, these giant carnivores gather at the mount of the Churchill River
in Hudson Bay and wait patiently until the sea freezes over to enable them to resume seal-
hunting again. The town of Churchill has a mere 900 permanent residents, but, during peak

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bear-spotting season, the population swells to more than 10,000, as visitors from near and far
come to see the estimated 1,200 of these cuddly-looking but decidedly lethal beasts that
gather around the town each year. Sadly though, most of the visitors, once they have seen
their share of bears and taken the obligatory been-there-done-it photo, head home without
even pausing to scan the horizon for the other spectacular creature that can be seen in relative
abundance here, the Beluga, whose sleek profile is frequently spotted breaking the surface of
the water in the bay, offering up a perfect opportunity for whale-watching that only those who
have really done their homework will ever get to take advantage of.
B. Banff
Banff was designated Canada’s first national park way back in 1885 in recognition of the fact
that it is an area of truly outstanding natural beauty. Its jagged peaks set against the never-
ending light-blue skyline exemplify what the wild and rugged, and remarkably vast range that
is the Canadian Rockies is all about. Every year, the park attracts around four million visitors,
lured there by the promise of postcard views and abundant wildlife. Banff is home to some 54
mammalian species, from the impressive but harmless moose and elk, to the more lethal
cougar, black bear and grizzly bear. The park is also home to a thriving adventure sports
industry, and offers first-rate hiking trails with sufficient variety of terrain so as to ensure that
both the novice and experienced trekker are kept satisfied.
C. Niagara Falls
A raging torrent whose fame is such that little if any introduction is necessary, there is a very
good reason why Niagara Falls, or, to be more precise, Canadian Falls, the horseshoe-shaped
section of the gorge this side of the border, is visited by such large numbers of tourists every
year, and that is the simple truth that the scene which greets you on arrival is one of the few
genuinely awe-inspiring spectacles you are ever likely to have the privilege to behold. The
falls have proved an irresistible temptation for many a daredevil over the years, too, with
tightrope walker Nik Wallenda being the most recent case in point – his successful crossing in
June 2012 was reported widely in the international media. But for those of us who aren’t
inclined towards acts of such reckless insanity, there is an alternative to the perilous rope-
walk which offers an equally noteworthy view; the river-boat ride, which takes you just close
enough beneath the gushing torrent to be momentarily deafened by its roar – and you get a
free shower into the bargain! A honey-mooner’s as well as nature-lover’s paradise, Niagara
should form part of every visitor’s itinerary.
D. The Laurentians
Just north of Montreal, the distinctly Gallic feel of Mont-Tremblant, a European-style resort
in the heart of the Laurentian Mountains, is typical of the villages of the region. The range
itself is an all-season paradise which is at its best perhaps during late autumn when the forests

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explode into a symphony of colour. The area attracts nature- and adventure-lovers alike
because, as well as the resplendence of its natural canvass, it can also boast some of the best
ski terrain in north America (with slopes to cater for every level of enthusiast) and excellent
golf – the main attraction of which is playing against this stunning backdrop no doubt, though
the courses are not too shabby either – in the summer season.
E. The Great Lakes
Known for their diversity ad beauty, and for their disproportionately large contribution to the
Earth’s ecology, the five great lakes combined comprise the largest body of freshwater on the
planet. Their volume is distributed more or less equally between the States and Canada, with
the exception of Lake Michigan which is completely contained within the former country.
Their combined surface area is larger than that of England, Scotland and Wales put together.
All five lakes are interconnected with their primary outlet being the Saint Lawrence River,
which flows through Quebec and eventually empties out into the North Atlantic. Bearing in
mind the sheer size of these bodies of water, few visitors can afford themselves the time
required to see all five, but a stop at any of the various national parks dotted along their shores
is very worthwhile, and an excellent excuse to take in some water-based activities, too, with
yatching, canoeing, scuba diving and much more to choose from.
To which destination does each statement relate?
1. Although this area is rich in natural beauty, the majority of tourists only come to visit
during three specific months of the year for an unrelated reason.
2. In this area, visitors only have the opportunity to play a particular sport during one season
each year.
3. A spectacle which takes place in this region is only known to the few people who
thoroughly research the area.
4. This area sees a huge influx of people at a particular time each year.
5. This area affords visitors an excellent opportunity to partake in a variety of water sports and
activities.
6. This place is known to attract visitors who are on a romantic vacation.
7&8. This destination, or a large part thereof, straddles two separate countries.
9&10. This area offers a variety of terrain such that it is suitable for people of different levels
of ability.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7,8 9, 10

D. WRITING
Writing a summary
Another critical factor that plays a part in susceptibility to colds is age. A study done by
the University of Michigan School of Public Health revealed particulars that seem to hold

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true for the general population. Infants are the most cold-ridden group, averaging more than
six colds in their first year. Boys have more colds than girls up to age three. After the age of
three, girls are more susceptible than boys and teenage girls average three colds a year to
boys' two.
The general incidence of colds continues to decline into maturity. Elderly people who are
in good health have as few as one or two colds annually. One exception is found among
people in their twenties, especially women, who show a rise in cold infections, because people
in this age group are most likely to have young children. Adults who delay having children
until their thirties and forties experience the same sudden increase in cold infections.
The study also found that economics plays an important role. As income increases the
frequency at which colds are reported in the family decreases. Families with the lowest
income suffer about a third more colds than families at the upper end. Lower income
generally forces people to live in more cramped quarters than those typically occupied by
wealthier people, and crowding increases the opportunities for the cold virus to travel from
person to person. Low income may also adversely influence diet. The degree to which poor
nutrition affects susceptibility to colds is not yet clearly established, but an inadequate diet is
suspected of lowering resistance generally.
Part 2. Chart describing
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
Diet and general health of two groups of students

A B

Group A (%) Group B (%)

Overweight 10 20

Illness in the past year 5 12

Attendance at classes 90 75

Part 3: Essay

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 It has now been observed that many high school students are unprepared to respond in
acceptable ways to situations in school, and less so in a wider social environment. Some
educators argue that the school curriculum should emphasize the development of students’
life skills rather than knowledge. Others are against this proposal because they think
knowledge is the most important to career success in a knowledge-based economy.
In what extent do you agree? You can write about 350 words, using reasons and examples
to support your position.
THE END

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