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LISTENING PRACTICE FOR NEC

Exercise 1. You will hear part of a discussion in which two business owners, Anya Stern
and Vincent Chambers, are talking about their experiences of launching their own
businesses. For questions 16–20, select the best answer A, B, C or D. Read the questions
carefully before playing the audio. In the exam, you will have the opportunity to listen to
each recording twice.
16 Anya says she realised at an early age that:
A comparing yourself with others is a mistake.
B the difference between success and failure can be small.
C hard work is no guarantee of success.
D staying at the top is harder than reaching it.
17 Why was Vince initially reluctant to start his own business?

A He didn’t want to sacrifice his corporate career.
B He didn’t want to take any financial risks.
C He didn’t see himself as a typical business leader.
D He didn’t think he had enough knowledge.
18 How does Anya feel about reality TV shows based on business?

A Concerned that they put people off from becoming entrepreneurs
B Angry that they present an inaccurate image of business
C Confused about who the intended audience is for these shows
D Disappointed with the narrow scope of these shows
19 Anya and Vince both say they started their business ventures:
A as a way to take control of their life.
B at the right time in their life.
C with a clear idea of their strategy.
D with a desire to change their industries.
20 Vince says the most important quality for a business owner is:
A the ability to stay calm under pressure.
B the ability to adapt to unforeseen circumstances.
C the vision to do things differently.
D the courage to ignore critics.
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16 C
17 C
18 A
19 D
20 B
Interviewer Today we’re talking about business start-ups. I’m joined by Anya Stern, who set up
the Pepper chain of restaurants, and Vincent Chambers, an IT entrepreneur. Anya, where does
your entrepreneurial drive come from? Was that encouraged at an early age?
Speaker 1 Well, ‘influenced’ might be a better word. I passively absorbed useful business
insights from my parents. Of course, it was mainly things I’d only appreciate much later. Like
the importance of doing things your own way rather than worrying about what other people are
doing. But one thing has stuck with me since my childhood. I saw my parents struggling to adapt
when e-commerce came in. They put in incredibly long hours to salvage their clothes shop but
sadly, it never recovered. It showed me that effort alone isn’t enough in business. That
sparked my curiosity about why some businesses work and others fail.
Speaker 2 Unlike Anya, I didn’t have any business influences in my formative years.
Entrepreneurs were just the people I’d seen on TV making million-dollar deals buying and
selling things! It didn’t dawn on me that there could be IT entrepreneurs, or that I didn’t have to
fit a specific mould to start my own business. That’s why I went down the standard route of
working for a large tech giant. Admittedly, it ensured my financial security. And of course, I
amassed a lot of invaluable business skills too. But the hardest obstacle was still convincing
myself that people like me could run their own business.
Speaker 1 Vincent’s point about TV is interesting. There used to be limited opportunities to see
business portrayed onscreen. Even now, many programmes purport to be about business, but
they’re not really. I’m talking about reality competitions where contestants are trying to win
investment. I can see how young people might tune in, especially if there are contestants they
personally relate to. But the contestants do things they’d never get away with in the real world.
Presumably, the content is manipulated by the producers for the sake of entertainment. But how
many people with great business ideas are discouraged because of the behaviour they see
on these shows? I’d prefer broadcasters to focus on more inspirational business programmes.
Interviewer But what is it that inspires people to want to get into business in the first place?
Speaker 1 One key factor’s probably wanting to be your own boss. We all want a say in how
things are managed. But it depends on the individual. I’ve even met people who launched
businesses as a hobby after they’d retired and their children had left home. For me, I was
desperate to bring Brazilian cuisine to the mass market because I felt the restaurant sector
was ready for something new.
Speaker 2 Yes, many entrepreneurs are spurred on by spotting an opportunity. For instance, I
wanted to devote my time to virtual reality, which was really compatible with my corporate role.
That was my personal tipping point, and I could see potential to transform IT. I hadn’t
formulated any specific plan at that point, but it felt like it was too important an opportunity to
pass up.
Speaker 1 That’s exactly the kind of thinking that makes an entrepreneur. Anyone can have a
unique business proposition, but not everyone’s brave enough to take the plunge, or deal with the
negative feedback.
Speaker 2 Yes, because even if your business model isn’t particularly innovative, there’ll be
times when you encounter adversity. So above all, you must be ready to respond to issues as
they arise. I’m not saying you should automatically abandon your plans, but be prepared
to analyse things logically and without emotion. Then you can deal with whatever comes
your way.
Interviewer And I suppose…
Exercise 2. You will hear a discussion in which academics Gordon Mackie and Sophie
Blackmore talk about how communication has changed in society. For questions 16–20,
select the best answer A, B, C or D. Read the questions carefully before playing the audio.
In the exam, you will have the opportunity to listen to each recording twice.
16 In his latest book, Gordon aims to challenge the notion that:

A technology has changed the purpose of communication.
B linguistic standards in society are falling.
C the media influences people’s use of language.
D the evolution of language is inevitable.
17 Gordon says his main duty as an academic is to:

A ensure language traditions survive in modern communication.
B record examples of linguistic patterns and trends.
C explain the fundamental principles of correct language use.
D evaluate different theories about language change.
18 Sophie says the thing she values most in written communication is:
A style.
B accuracy.
C clarity.
D tone.
19 Why does Sophie use social media posts in her classes?

A To raise awareness of what catches readers’ attention
B To show how people alter their communication styles
C To highlight the features of informal communication
D To prove that context changes the meaning of a message
20 What aspect of ‘text language’ do Sophie and Gordon disagree about?

A Whether it will ever be accepted in education
B Why it may be favoured by young people
C How well it crosses cultural boundaries
D Whether it influences spoken communication
16 B
17 B
18 C
19 D
20 A
Interviewer Today we’re discussing language, and the role it plays in society. I’m joined by
Professor Gordon Mackie and Dr Sophie Blackmore, from Belmont College. Gordon,
communication is at the heart of your latest book, isn’t it?
Speaker 1 Exactly so. You only need to watch news reports or read newspaper articles from just
a few years ago to see that communication has changed dramatically in the last few decades. And
I’ve obviously devoted a lot of the book to digital communication. We simply cannot ignore how
it’s transformed the way we express ourselves, and even the slang we use. But the point isn’t
that these changes are having an adverse impact on language. Not at all. My mission is to
show how that view’s a myth because, if anything, our language has never been richer.
Speaker 2 It sounds fascinating! So often in our academic work we deal with the obscure and
highly theoretical aspects of linguistics rather than highlight the beauty of everyday
communication.
Speaker 1 Thanks, Sophie. Yes, and what you say about the nature of academic research is
particularly true in my field of expertise, historical linguistics. I spend my time exploring how
the so-called rules of grammar and spelling have evolved, and the origins of certain taboo
expressions. But it’s important that I never lose sight of my primary task, which is to gather
evidence of the type of language being used at particular times. My role isn’t to suggest how
language should be, it’s to describe how it is, or in my case, how it once was. I preserve
documents, not language usage!
Speaker 2 My role is somewhat different. I do discuss the features that make up effective
communication because I teach essay-writing classes. Many university students have a tendency
to confuse adopting an appropriate tone with introducing an unnecessarily complex style. Now
clearly, university essays should fulfil the conventions of academic writing, and be error-free.
However, those things are important only insofar as they help you achieve the key goal,
which is to be understood. You may have persuasive arguments, clear evidence, maybe even
ground-breaking theories, and that’s great. But unless they’re expressed in way that is
accessible to the reader, your writing cannot be deemed a success.
Speaker 1 And you also research pragmatics, don’t you? You’ve published a lot on the nature of
social interaction.
Speaker 2 That’s right. Writers choose which information to present, and whether to convey it in
an emotional or neutral way. They decide how best to engage the reader. Then, the reader
analyses that information and compares it with their existing knowledge. I highlight that point in
my classes using the example of social media. When we post something to our network, our
followers are already aware of the background. Our intended audience will immediately
see the point we’re making without us joining all the dots for them. But a stranger might
see the same post and interpret it in a completely different way.
Speaker 1 Then there’s text language, which has its own particular style and structure. I know
it’s frowned upon by schools currently, but it’ll eventually be studied in the same way that pupils
study any other form of writing. After all, it’s very inventive. And it’s remarkable how universal
standards are being adopted within text language. For instance, young people from different
cultures can use instant messaging and text language to understand one another without language
barriers.
Speaker 2 Yes, it’s evolved very quickly. But do you really envisage it appearing on a school
syllabus? I can’t see any prospect of that. And that’s a shame because of course, text language
is increasingly accepted by more of the population.
Interviewer And do you…
Exercise 3. You will hear an interview in which two filmmakers, Tilly Woodford and Lee
Davies, are talking about a documentary they have made about animals. For questions 16–20,
select the best answer A, B, C or D. Read the questions carefully before playing the audio. In
the exam, you will have the opportunity to listen to each recording twice.
16 Tilly says the initial inspiration for the documentary came from:
A experiencing an intense emotional bond with an animal.
B wanting to encourage her own children to appreciate animals.
C realising her understanding of animals was quite limited.
D thinking about her childhood memories of keeping animals.
17 How did Lee originally feel about working on the documentary?

A Curious about whether he would work well with Tilly
B Guilty about having to abandon his other project
C Anxious about working in a different way
D Doubtful about the level of interest in the subject
18 What does Tilly suggest about the man she interviewed?

A He found it hard to take care of his pets.
B He didn’t take his pets’ needs into consideration.
C He disagreed with Tilly’s suggestions about pet nutrition.
D He only focused on the fun sides of pet ownership.
19 What discovery surprised Lee and Tilly most during their research?
A How far some people go to protect wild animals
B How little is known about animal communication
C How much society’s attitudes to pets have changed
D How important the pet sector is to the economy
20 When reflecting on the documentary, they express regrets that:

A they had to cut several stories from the final version.
B the documentary contained few of their own insights.
C they focused on the least controversial issues.
D their small budget limited what they could do.
16. B
17. D
18. B
19. C
20. A
Interviewer Our guests today are the acclaimed filmmakers Tilly Woodford and Lee Davies, who
for their latest work have swapped film stars for a four-legged cast! Lee, can you tell us more?
Speaker 1 Well, it’s basically about the relationship between people and their pets, and well,
animals in general. I’ll let Tilly explain as it was originally her idea.
Speaker 2 Yes, growing up on a farm, my parents taught me at an early age all about the
practical side of having working animals. But I had an entirely different relationship with the
domestic animals we kept as pets. I didn’t really question that until I had children of my
own. I was determined to raise them to be animal lovers, and that was really the starting
point of the documentary. Lee and I started collecting these incredible stories of people whose
lives had been transformed in some way by pets. It’s taught us a lot about why people can have
such strong attachment to their pets.
Speaker 1 We must’ve spent at least two years doing the research. That first year was
particularly hard because I was trying to juggle other work commitments too, do you remember?
I felt really bad because Tilly ended up doing far more work than me! To be honest, I was
somewhat sceptical at the start that enough people would want to watch a documentary
about this particular topic. But I trusted Tilly. Our previous collaborations had been so
rewarding. And of course, as a creator, it’s always a privilege to take on a new challenge.
Speaker 2 Well, you soon saw the potential once we got underway.
Speaker 1 Definitely! We uncovered so many touching stories.
Speaker 2 Yes, and I know that documentary makers have to be impartial observers. But that
wasn’t easy for me as someone who cares deeply about animal welfare. What about that
YouTuber we interviewed? He was basically exploiting his pets to attract more followers.
He was dressing them up in stupid outfits and filming them. But off-camera, he had no
interest in those poor pets. And he seemed to find it funny to feed them things they really
shouldn’t be consuming. It was really hard not to intervene.
Speaker 1 I hasten to add that this was the exception! It was reassuring to spend time with so
many responsible pet owners. Had it not been for meeting all those people, I don’t think I
would’ve realised how pet-friendly we’ve become as a nation. And it was also heartening to
learn about all the fantastic animal-conservation work people are doing. It’s so important.
Speaker 2 We’ve absolutely become a society that values our pets. This hadn’t occurred to
me either until we started making this documentary. I suppose the booming pet-care sector is
the logical extension of that change. Personally, my highlight during our research was meeting
animal-behaviour experts deciphering what pets might be trying to tell us. Absolutely
fascinating!
Speaker 1 At the risk of showing off, I’d say the documentary covers all these issues well. When
you’re dealing with individuals’ personal experiences, it can easily become far too sentimental.
Balancing it with factual content is important, especially subjects that provoke debate.
Considering we had such tight financial constraints, I’m incredibly proud of what we achieved. I
just wish we could have kept in all the content we riginally filmed, but it just wasn’t
feasible.
Speaker 2 Well, I’m just glad we didn’t let our personal views or prejudices influence the
documentary too much. That would have been a mistake. But like you say, I’ll always wonder
whether we should have kept in some of the parts we removed. I suspect all documentary
makers hate the editing process!
Interviewer Lee, Tilly, thanks…
Exercise 4: For questions 1-10, listen to a talk about a disease called Monkeypox and supply
the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken
from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided.
Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus, part of the same
family of virus that causes 1. ______________________.
The origin of the virus
- Monkeypox was spotted in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in 2.
______________________ of monkeys kept for research.
- The name of this virus is considered a 3. ______________________. In fact scientists say that
rodents are the more likely 4. ______________________ for the virus.
- Monkeypox is mostly found in Africa..
- The first time that human monkeypox was reported outside of Africa was in the US in 2003 as
several people became ill after having contact with 5. ______________________which were
infected after being housed near small mammals imported from Ghana.
- 6. ______________________ experienced a large monkeypox outbreak starting in 2017 that
continues to this day.
How does Monkeypox spread?
- It’s common for people to get monkeypox from infected animals.
- A person with monkeypox can spread it to others through close, personal contact, including
exposure to broken skin, 7. ______________________, respiratory droplets, body fluids or even
contaminated linen.
Common symptoms
- There is an incubation period of some seven to 14 days.
- Initial symptoms are typically flu-like, followed by the development of swollen 8.
______________________.
- Patients then get rash on different parts of the body.
- Patients could develop 9. ______________________which are pearly and fluid-filled.
- The lesions finally 10. ______________________and resolve over a period of two to three
weeks.
1. smallpox
2. colonies
3. misnomer
4. natural reservoir
5. pet prairie dogs
6. Nigeria
7. mucous membranes
8. lymph nodes
9. painful, raised poxes
10. scab over
Exercise 5: Listen to a recording about a growth mindset and complete the summary by
writing NO MORE THAN THREE words and/or a number in each gap.
Growth mindset has acquired 1.________ these days with studies indicating greater success for
those who embrace efforts and learning than those who are merely supportive of 2. __________.
Similarly, deceptive behaviours are found in companies encouraging talent game while higher
rates of innovative developments, greater 3. _________ as well as more dedicated staff are
reported in companies supporting growth. However, a growth mindset can also be
misinterpreted.
One common misconception is to dismiss the evolutionary nature of growth and to mistake
features such as a 4.________ or receptiveness for a growth mindset. Next, people might
misinterpret endeavors as a sure component of a growth mindset while not attaching enough
significance to 5. _______ which involve the lessons learnt, progress made and processes
engaged in. Finally, organisations may solely announce their goals to achieve 6. _________
without 7. ______ and _________ policies
All in all, organisations that encourage a growth zone value learning and support certain levels of
8. ________. In such environments, not 9._________ but ________ is espoused, and the concept
of “growth” must be truly delivered to employees through actions. The fixed mindset that
triggers 10.__________ in response to negative feedback might be an obstacle to growth
thinking; therefore, the key is to get insight into what a growth mindset truly means and how to
put it into practice.
1. buzzword proportions 6. lofty values

2. innate gifts 7. real, attainable (real and attainable are in
EITHER order)
3. organizational support 8. risk taking
4. positive outlook 9. competition, collaboration (the order of two
words is fixed)
5. outcomes 10. insecurity or defensiveness (in EITHER
order)
Exercise 6. Listen to a recording of a presenter talking about Machu Picchu and complete
the summary by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words and/or a number in each gap.
• Situated northwest of Cusco, Peru, Machu Picchu is one of the most
(1) ____________________ on Earth and is proof of how powerful and ingenious the
Incas were.
• In its heyday, the Inca civilization spanned about 2500 miles, a distance comparable to
that of the (2) ____________________ of America.
• Machu Picchu, built around the 15th century, epitomized Inca's
(3) ____________________.
• The use of (4) ____________________ to adhere one stone to another was specifically
omitted during Machu Picchu’s construction.
• These engineering accomplishments mean that Machu Picchu is perfectly preserved for
(5) ___________________.
• It is hypothesized that Machu Picchu may have served as a haven for nobility,
(6) ____________________, or a ceremonial site,
• It is also noteworthy that the geographic conditions and Machu Picchu’s layout may be
linked to (7) ___________________.
• Mysteriously abandoned, Machu Picchu was unknown to the outside world, even to
(8) ____________________until the early 20th century when Melchor Arteaga, a local,
introduced the site to foreigners.
• (9) ____________________ notwithstanding, Machu Picchu is still regarded as one of
the world's most crucial archeological sites.
• In 1983, Machu Picchu was designated a UNESCO world heritage site and today, visitors
still come to (10) ____________________ to this historic landmark.
1. fascinating archaeological sites

2. horizontal width
3. engineering feats
4. mortar
5. over 500 years
6. a military stronghold
7. astronomical events
8. Spanish conquistadors
9. its enigmatic nature
10. pay homage
Exercise 7. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about epidemiology and decide whether
these statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. Epidemiology involves a interdisciplinary approach to the study of human health and disease.
2. Epidemiology is commonly identified with both infectious and non-infectious diseases.
3. The epidemiologic triangle is made up of three components: an external agent, a host and an
environment.
4. Large-scale social distancing recommended by a team of scientists from Imperial College
London aimed to break the link between the external agent and the host.
5. The team’s recommendations were strongly embraced among the public in many countries.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-17icRTMyY
1. TRUE
It's a field that combines elements of biology clinical medicine sociology mathematics and
ecology to identify and understand health patterns and improve human health across the globe.
2. FALSE
Epidemiologists are generally associated with infectious diseases and outbreaks such as the
Covid 19 pandemic but they also study non-infectious health problems like the prevalence of
lung cancer from smoking or communities increase in homicide rates.
3. TRUE
The triangles three corners represent the who what and where of a disease who is the host or
person or people who has the disease what is the agent or cause of the disease and where or in
what environment does the disease occur.
4. FALSE
Scientists recommended large-scale social distancing to slow the spread of the virus and prevent
millions of people from dying thus severing the connection between the where and the who.
5. NOT GIVEN
The team's recommendations became public policy in many parts of the world and will result in
fewer cases of the disease than expected had the triangle remained intact.
Exercise 8. For questions 1-10, listen to a recording of a presenter talking about a

phenomenon in the nature and complete the summary by writing NO MORE THAN THREE
words and/or a number in each gap.
- Nutrients are the building blocks of plant life.
- Plants naturally absorb nutrients from the soil through their root system. However, farmers turn
to fertilizer when facing poor soil or massive 1.________.
- Farmers tend to overuse fertilizer as a precautionary measure because it is difficult to
2.________ the amount of fertilizer needed.
- Excess fertilizer can runoff into bodies of water causing 3.________, characterized by the rapid
accumulation in the population of algae in marine water systems.
- Dense layers of algae form an 4.________ on the surface of the water, blocking other plants in
the water from getting the sunlight they need to survive.
- Because water cannot support aquatic life, plants die off and sink to the bottom of the water
body, where decomposers 5.________ the dead bodies. This decomposition process consumes
plenty of dissolved oxygen and animals that rely on oxygen to breathe can, in fact, 6.________.
A vicious cycle of degradation in aquatic life can be observed and a 7.________ is created.
- If this process occurs in lakes, native species can give way to 8.________ . If this happens in
the ocean, the incidence of coral bleaching is inevitable.
- Nutrient-rich runoff, also known as 9.________, can also be the result of 10.________ and
farming activities.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLbDbmmV6Qc&t=26s
1. erosion or leaching
2. gauge
3. algal bloom
4. impenetrable roof
5. feast on
6. suffocate
7. positive feedback loop
8. invasives
9. eutrophication
10. clear-cutting
Exercise 9. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk on multichannel marketing and answer the
questions. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer
in the corresponding numbered spaces provided.
1. What helps consumers exert greater power when they purchase things?
2. What requirement that needs to be met by campaigns to reach the right customer?
3. Besides irrelevant messaging and disjointed campaigns, what mistake do companies often
make when conducting multichannel marketing?
4. What should be created across channels to bolster a brand’s reputation?
5. Which TWO adjectives are used to recap multichannel marketing?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFC9Xb07Ye8
1. The proliferation of channels

2. highly choreographed
3. poor optimization
4. consistent customer experiences
5. complex, indispensable
Exercise 10. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about a new medical approach and answer the
1. What does the record from Ruben’s neuroendocrine system reveal?

2. Besides efficient platforms, what will give consumers better control over their health?
3. In the new medical system, what can be identified and dealt with promptly?
4. In what way does the abundant data potentially contribute to public health?
5. Who will assume a different role in the new system?
1. a spike in cortisol
2. radically interoperable data
3. changes or deviations
4. glean novel insights
5. regulators, financers and intermediaries
Exercise 11: For questions 1-5, listen to part of a talk about saving the bees and
decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG)
according to what you hear.
1. The woman thinks few people are concerned about the welfare of honeybees.
2. The man believes the bees' situation is more serious than that of apes or elephants.
3. Both the man and woman agree that there will be serious consequences should bees
disappear.
4. The man says that wild flower gardens are a good idea as they can make up for habitat
loss.
5. According to the woman, wild flower gardens can generate revenue for gardeners.
1. TRUE
2. NOT GIVEN
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. NOT GIVEN
Exercise 12. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about a new approach in the field of genomics
and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered spaces provided.
1. In what aspect of biology does the scientific community has a limited understanding until
now?
2. How is the current process of interpreting scientific outcomes described?
3. What element of the new approach enables the examination of biological systems in great
detail?
4. Along with a chemical process, what is utilized to conduct single-cell sequencing?
5. Apart from promoting research within biology, in what way can this advance in genomics
contribute scientifically?
1. inner workings
2. incremental and slow
3. technology suite
4. proprietary tagging method
5. fuel medical breakthroughs
Exercise 13. For questions 1-5, listen to a report on a new breakthrough in cancer detection
and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered spaces provided.
1. In which part of the volunteer’s body was cancer detected?

2. Besides X-ray pictures of the breast, what are exemplified as means to check for cancers?
3. If cancer signal is detected in the ovary, which part of the body should undergo a medical
imaging exam?
4. What do scientists at the National Cancer Institute think about the potential of the new test?
5. What is the volunteer’s early diagnosis likened to?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kbzb5Frq3GA
1. pancreas
2. colonoscopies
3. (the) pelvis
4. revolutionize cancer screening
5. a big deal / winning the lottery
Exercise 14. For questions 1-5, listen to a part of an interview for a job at a firm of architects
and decide whether these statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG). Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. Most would-be entrepreneurs focus on dealing with practical aspects of business planning.
2. Consumer society has solved almost every problem of modern life.
3. Feelings of frustration are emotions that most of us feel from time to time.
4. Taking the initiative to understand and master human distress can result in substantial profits.
5. An effective handling of practicalities obviously leads to a successful business.
1. NOT GIVEN
2. FALSE
3. NOT GIVEN
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
Many of us want to become entrepreneurs. Starting your own business is one of the biggest
dreams of our times. But how do you get to be an entrepreneur?
Most of the advice focuses on the practicalities: writing a business plan, raising money,
finding staff, marketing and PR. We'll go down a different route. (1) In our eyes at the heart
of successful entrepreneurship lies something oddly more abstract: an accurate insight into the
causes of human unhappiness. To be an entrepreneur means, essentially, to become an expert in
the things that make life difficult for people. That's because every properly ambitious business is
in some way trying to fix things for other people. And the bigger and more original what you're
trying to fix happens to be, the more successful your business can be.
Because consumer society is now well developed, it may be easy to think that all the big
problems out there already have thousands of fixes anyway. Think of all those car companies, or
pizza outlets, or news websites. We surely have enough of everything. What could we possibly
add to what's already out there?
But to get a sense of the vast opportunities that still remain in capitalism (2) all you need to
do is ask yourself: where and in what areas you're unhappy in the course of an average day?
Every unhappiness is really a new business waiting to be born. Your frustrations are a nearly
inexhaustible source of raw materials out of which the businesses of the future can be built.
(3) So while there may already be plenty of breakfast cereals, and t-shirts, and cell phones, and
cab rides for sale, there's so much more that frustrates and depresses us: think of how difficult it
is to get on with one's partner, educate children, cope with anxiety, discover what you want to do
with your life, find a nice place to live, calm down in the evening. One could go on and on. Our
griefs and irritations are endless, thankfully for the budding entrepreneurs. The biggest first step
to take towards entrepreneurship is therefore to learn to study your own unhappiness and what
might possibly heal it for you and others. When profits decline in businesses it's really the result
of too many people throwing themselves at trying to fix the same area 'cause they can't think of
anything more innovative to do rather than start a new airline, mobile phone company, or
supermarket chain. And by contrast, healthy profits are a reward for understanding and
mastering an area of human distress ahead of anyone else. (5)
Of course, ideas aren't enough on their own; you need to take care of practicalities and money
but they won't help you if your original psychological insight into human unhappiness isn't
sound. (5) And by the same token, if your insight into what makes people unhappy is razor
sharp, and your solutions bold, then however difficult the journey, your business will stand a
high chance of making money and benefiting humanity too.
Exercise 15. For questions 6-10, you will listen to a lecture about the British Isles. Answer
the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording. Write your answers in the space provided. (10 pts)
6. According to the lecturer, what is the British Isles in geographical terms?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
7. What is the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’ in political terms?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
8. What phrase is used to describe the political role of the four countries within the United
Kingdom?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
9. Besides geography and politics, what aspect of the British Isles is also discussed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
10. What does the name “the British Commonwealth” recall?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….
6. (An) archipelago
7. (The) constitutional monarchy
8. Legal jurisdictions
9. Linguistic (confusion)
10. Old colonial ties
Exercise 16. For questions 1-5, you will listen to a talk about using light therapy to reduce
the side effects of chemotherapy. Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS taken from the recording. Write your answers in the space provided.
1. What is the name of the complication caused by radiation?

2. What is the wavelength of the light that Nasa is investigating?
3. What do scientists liken mitochondria to?
4. To what does the chemo light reduce evident damage?
5. What was the technology initially developed for?
1. oral mucositis
2. 670 nanometers
3. little energizer rabbits
4. (the) mucous membranes
5. plant growth experiments
Ex 17. For questions 16-25, listen to a piece of news about lithium-ion batteries and
complete the summary using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Write
your answers in the space provided.
1991 marked the debut of lithium-ion batteries on the market as a component of a(n) (16)
_____________________. Due to their lightness, power and rechargeability, they have become a
fixture in several everyday devices and are now deemed (17) _____________________.
These batteries were once overshadowed by (18) _____________________ in the 1880s before
catching on again with the present-day trend of decarbonization. Indeed, lithium-ion batteries
play an integral part in a low-carbon future, as they can be a storage of (19)
_____________________ regardless of weather conditions, not to mention their durability and
dependability. They have been serving their role in some organizations and residential areas, and
possibly in future homes where they take the form of (20) _____________________.
Nevertheless, challenges are abundant. Millions of (21) _____________________ will be
necessitated for a rising number of electric vehicles, while the extraction of lithium, which
requires a substantial supply of groundwater and subsequent evaporation, can cause water
shortage and (22) _____________________. Sourcing cobalt, the major material for lithium-ion
batteries, will also be challenging, especially when most of this substance is located in the
Democratic Republic of Congo, a country with poor (23) _____________________ conditions.
A low battery-recycling rate is another concern.
Despite such difficulties, the field of battery research has been witnessing exciting developments.
Alternatives to cobalt are now being developed. In Singapore, (24) _____________________
can bolster the battery recycling rate. Solid-state lithium batteries will also become more (25)
_____________________ with shorter charging time and numerous charge cycles.
16. camcorder 17. climate 18. internal 19. clean 20. flat power
heroes combustion engine energy banks
21. charging 22. toxic waste 23. mining 24. E-waste 25. energy-
points regulation dense
Ex 18. For questions 1-5, you will listen to a report on a tragedy at a football stadium.
Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording. Write your answers in the space provided.
What broke out after the football match that resulted in a heavy death toll?
Besides tear gas, what did the police use to disperse the crowd?
Where did families gather?
On what occasion did Pope Francis pray for victims?
What did the newscaster call the tragedy at the end of the report?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwYqEHkyBfM
1. (a) stampede
2. batons
3. outside the morgue
4. (his) weekly blessing
5. (the) carnage
Ex 19. For questions 1-10, listen to a talk about the Qatar 2022 World Cup Stadiums and
supply the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS OR
NUMBERS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided.
Lusail Iconic Stadium

- The stadium will host the _____________________ game of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
- It is the largest stadium in Qatar with a capacity of 80,000 spectators
- Dr. Saud Ghani, the mastermind of this construction, planned to create a
_____________________within the stadium. Cool air targets at players through pitch-side
_____________________ and at spectators via miniature _____________________ under their
seats.
Stadium 974
- The stadium is constructed on a _____________________ site.
- It is a temporary venue made from a steel frame and _____________________ that will be
dismantled after the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
The Al Janoub Stadium

- It is built in one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas in the country.
- Designed by an _____________________architect, the building mirrors the
_____________________ of a traditional dhow fishing boat.
- Following the World Cup, its capacity will be reduced in half to 20,000.
Other features
- There are 12 tracking cameras mounted underneath the roof of each stadium to track the ball
and up to _____________________ to calculate the position of each player.
- The official match balls for this tournament will have an _____________________placed
inside
Lusail Iconic Stadium

- The stadium will host the final game of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
- It is the largest stadium in Qatar with a capacity of 80,000 spectators
- Dr. Saud Ghani, the mastermind of this construction, planned to create a microclimate bubble
within the stadium. Cool air targets at players through pitch-side nozzles and at spectators
via miniature air diffusers under their seats.
Stadium 974
- The stadium is constructed on a waterfront site.
- It is a temporary venue made from a steel frame and shipping containers that will be
dismantled after the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
The Al Janoub Stadium

- It is built in one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas in the country.
- Designed by an Iraqi-British architect, the building mirrors the wind-filled sails of a
traditional dhow fishing boat.
- Following the World Cup, its capacity will be reduced in half to 20,000.
Other features
- There are 12 tracking cameras mounted underneath the roof of each stadium to track the ball
and up to 29 data points to calculate the position of each player.
- The official match balls for this tournament will have an inertial measurement unit sensor
placed inside
Ex 20. For questions 1-10, listen to a talk about the technologies adopted in the Qatar 2022
World Cup and supply the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS taken from the recording for each answer in the space
provided.
FIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN WORLD CUP 2022
1. Cooling system
- Seven out of the eight stadiums hosting games at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar utilize advanced
cooling technology which provides ideal temperature for both players and spectators.
- Cool water is transported from an _____________________to the stadium, forming cold air as
it enters the stadium.
- Stadium 974 will be the only World Cup venue which does not feature the cooling technology
as it is adjacent to the _____________________, hence naturally ventilated.
2. Modular stadium
- Constructed entirely from shipping containers and modular steel, Stadium 974 is the first fully
_____________________ football stadium in the history of World Cup.
- The structure is both _____________________and economical because it uses less material
than a conventional stadium.
3. Official playing ball

- Al Rihla, the Official Match Ball of the FIFA World Cup 2022 will feature state-of-the-art
technology, with a connected ball system transmitting _____________________ to VAR
officials
- This technology is used in conjunction with FIFA's new semi-automated offside technology.
- A new Adidas Suspension System in the center of the ball hosts _____________________.
4. VAR system
- The use of semi-automatic offside technology helps referees make accurate fast, and
_____________________ offside decisions throughout the tournament.
- The innovative VAR features _____________________around the stadium, providing an
automatic offside warning to the Video Assistant Referee (VAR), hence no need for VAR
replays.
5. Bonocle
- Bonocle was a revolutionary product of a competition called _____________________
- It is able to convert digital content from the World Cup to _____________________ allowing
visually impaired fans to enjoy the tournament.
1. Cooling system
- Seven out of the eight stadiums hosting games at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar utilize advanced
cooling technology which provides ideal temperature for both players and spectators.
- Cool water is transported from an energy center to the stadium, forming cold air as it enters
the stadium.
- Stadium 974 will be the only World Cup venue which does not feature the cooling technology
as it is adjacent to the seaside, hence naturally ventilated.
2. Modular stadium
- Constructed entirely from shipping containers and modular steel, Stadium 974 is the first fully
demountable football stadium in the history of World Cup.
- The structure is both aesthetically pleasing and economical because it uses less material than a
conventional stadium.
3. Official playing ball

- Al Rihla, the Official Match Ball of the FIFA World Cup 2022 will feature state-of-the-art
technology, with a connected ball system transmitting real-time data to VAR officials
- This technology is used in conjunction with FIFA's new semi-automated offside technology.
- A new Adidas Suspension System in the center of the ball hosts motion sensors.
4. VAR system
- The use of semi-automatic offside technology helps referees make accurate fast, and
repeatable offside decisions throughout the tournament.
- The innovative VAR features 12 surveillance cameras around the stadium, providing an
automatic offside warning to the Video Assistant Referee (VAR), hence no need for VAR
replays.
5. Bonocle
- Bonocle was a revolutionary product of a competition called Challenge 22.
- It is able to convert digital content from the World Cup to Braille, allowing visually impaired
fans to enjoy the tournament.
Ex 21. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about the Mariana trench and answer the questions.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or NUMBERS taken from the recording for each
answer in the corresponding numbered spaces provided.
1. In which part of the world have most trenches been identified so far? ______
2. What resulted in the formation of the Mariana Trench? ______
3. What is the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench? ______
4. What creatures can be found deep under the sea? ______
5. What process do bacteria use to produce food? ______

1. the Pacific
2. subduction
3. nearly 110 Megapascals
4. soft-bodied organisms
5. chemosynthesis
Ex 22. You hear part of a conversation between two colleagues about a marketing
campaign they have developed for a client and decide whether these statements are True
(T), False (F), or Not Given (NG).
1. The woman says that the response from the client was completely negative. ______
2. The man thinks the campaign fails to mention the key features of the product. ______
3. The woman believes that the marketing campaign makes false claims about the product.
______
4. According to the woman, the new concept focuses more on product safety. ______
5. The man is receptive to combining the original and new concept. ______
1. FALSE
There were lots of things the client did approve, like gearing the message towards families.
2. FALSE
I’m sure we included everything they specified in the brief.
3. TRUE
Our advertisement says people’s health will be improved using this product. Or implies it at
least. From the client’s perspective, that’s sailing in dangerous waters. Without any official
medical evidence, that could open up all sorts of legal implications.
4. NOT GIVEN
Well, they’ve come up with an alternative concept, focusing on how the product brings people
together. That’s safer territory as far as they’re concerned.
5. TRUE
The idea sounds workable, especially if we use the same scenario as before.
Ex 23. You hear part of a conversation between two students and decide whether these
statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG).
1. Both of the students think the lecture about nonverbal communication is interesting. ______
2. The woman believes that pretending to be OK could improve one's mood. ______
3. The two students agree that giving a false appearance may make others question your
genuineness. ______
4. The man embraces people attending social events even when they feel down. ______
5. The man opines that it requires more effort for a moody person to socialize in a normal way.
______
1. NOT GIVEN
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. NOT GIVEN
Woman: Fascinating lecture about nonverbal communication.

Man: Mm, the power of body language (1)… I’d never really held with that whole thing about
faking it till you make it. Grinning away like I haven’t got a care in the world when I’m really
not feeling it – I don’t know, it makes me feel like a fraud – you know, as if people can see
straight through my act and wonder what I’m covering up.
Woman: Well, it’s not so much about trying to deceive others as jollying yourself along – if
you act
cheerful, you’ll end up feeling cheerful (2). But I take your point – if others’ perception of
you is that you’re being fake, I guess it’s not going to help anything really. (3)
Man: But then again, you can’t sit hunched in a corner at a party or whatever just ’cause you’re a
bit fed up or not in the mood or whatever – maybe it’s wiser to stay away from unnecessary
events till you’re feeling brighter. (4) It makes it awkward for other people, doesn’t it? You
know, they have to make an effort to draw you out, make you join in when you’d actually
rather be left alone. (5)
Ex 24. For questions 1-5, listen to a lecture about women's rights and answer the questions.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the
corresponding numbered spaces provided.
1. In what matters did the Sex Discrimination Acts of 1975 and 1986 prohibit discrimination?
______
2. What were women admitted for in the Church of England and Ireland in 1986? ______
3. On what basis was women's hindrance in career development found unacceptable? ______
4. What are female criminals more likely to encounter in comparison with male counterparts?
______
5. In what aspect associated with women does a large disparity between the two sexes still exist?
______
1. employment or training
2. ordination as deacons
3. men's indecorous behaviour
4. incarceration
5. emolument(s)
Ex 25. For questions 1-5, listen to a discussion between a man and a woman and decide
whether these statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG).
1. The man says that the cost of holidays is increasing. ______
2. The woman is looking forward to a vacation next summer. ______
3. The woman is against buying a caravan as she prefers to go on holiday to Greece. ______
4. The man is thinking of staying behind, while his family are holidaying. ______
5. At the end of the talk, both of them agree to resolve the conflict. ______
1. NOT GIVEN
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
Man: We can't afford this kind of holiday! Forget it! Gone are the days when we frittered
money away on unnecessary things, sumptuous chalets, and expensive dinners! Now, we
have to make do with a few days at the beach! (1)
Woman: That's why I insist that we buy the caravan we saw the other day! Its price is
unbeatable, and you won't have to worry about sharing the toilet with my mother!
Man: That's reason enough to consider the option...
Woman: You're unbearable! Anyway, since summer is just around the corner, we have to
make provisions! I mean we have to make up our minds about what we're going to do in
August! (2) Are we buying the caravan and going to Cornwall, or are we going to Greece?
Man: Greece? When did that come up?
Woman: Listen carefully! (18) If we buy a caravan, that means that it's gonna set us back eight
thousand pounds. Yet, it will pay off in the long run. We won't have to pay for accommodation.
We won't be forced to eat at restaurants during our holiday! We'll cook in the caravan! However,
if we don't buy a caravan, which means if we don't spend eight thousand pounds,! guess we
could go to Greece and visit a couple of islands! It's a must! Believe me!
Man: Says who? Woman: Says me! Don't forget that we've never done anything for ourselves!
Man: Going to Greece has never been on the agenda, as far as I remember! I know the kids
would love to, but... Besides, I've got a loan to pay off!
Woman: It's three thousand pounds, I know, but you said you're saving for it! You earned five
thousand last month!
Man: Demand for builders is on the wax and wane, so I can't really tell how much I earn every
month, you know that!
Woman: Do you want to stay here working. while I'm in Greece with the kids?
Man: That's an option! (4)
Woman: So, you don't mind, do you? I'm sure you've got ulterior motives...
Man: Such as?
Woman: Well discuss it later! Now, as for as the caravan is concerned, I think it's the best
solution as it's gonna come in handy over the long haul, whether you like it or not! (3)
Man: If we buy it, we'll need extra upkeep money!
Woman: Yes, but this cost won't exceed three to four hundred quid per year!
Man: Depends how often you'll need to holiday, darling! Summer won't be enough for you!
(5)
Ex 26. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about alternative meat and answer the questions.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the
corresponding numbered spaces provided.
1. What has access to adequate food been increasingly challenged by ? ______
2. What foodstuffs had lost favour during the pandemic years? ______
3. How are retail sales data for plant-based foods industry this year described as? ______
4. According to UBS Evidence Labs’ data, what serves as an enormous obstacle to growth in
meat alternatives? ______
5. When it comes to the cost relativity between meat products and plant-based substitues, what is
estimated to be achieved over the next few years? ______.
1. environmental sustainability
2. traditional meat patties
3. sluggish
4. tatse/ taste perceptions
5. price parity
Ex 27. For questions 1-10, listen to a talk about ways to improve critical thinking and
complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording in each blank. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered spaces provided.
- In an age where it is easier than ever to access the 1.______ of human knowledge, we need
strategies to navigate the huge amount of available information.
- When it comes to 2.______ problems, where we hold deep-seated viewpoints, our ability to
process information can be influenced at a(n) 3.______ by “cognitive biases”.
- Even a seemingly 4.______ issue can be unexpectedly 5.______. For example, although the sky
appears blue to the eye since this colour has a(n) 6.______, there are actually an entire spectrum
of colours.
- “ 7.______ ”, which basically means looking at something from the perspective of others, can
only be productive in an argument where those involved are doing so in 8.______.
- When it comes to critical thinking, your 9 ______ should have “weapons” such as the ability to
detect 10.______ and vested interests when examining information or a good grasp of how data
is used.
1. sum total
2. emotionally charged
3. unconscious level
4. (totally) self-evident
5. nuanced
6. short wavelength
7. intellectual empathy
8. good faith
9. arsenal
10. ulterior motives
Ex 28. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about NASA's DART mission and answer the
1. By what means did the Dart spacecraft complete the mission of nudging a moonlet from its
trajectory?
2. What did NASA administrator Bill Nelson hail the mission’s success as?
3. What was Dimorphos described as?
4. What can be prevented from colliding with the Earth thanks to efforts in planetary defense?
5. What did DART stand for?
1. (sheer) kinetic force

2. watershed moment
3. (an) egg-shaped asteroid
4. meteorite
5. Double Asteroid Redirection Test
Ex 29. For questions 1-5, listen to part of a conversation about horror movies and decide
whether the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG) according to
what you hear.
1. The woman was surprised to read from the article that our bodies produce a chemical while we
are watching horror movies.
2. The article consolidates the woman’s assumption that families who enjoy watching horror
movies together are the happiest.
3. The woman believes that people drawn into horror movies are quite logical.
4. The man believes that watching horror movies allows people to escape everyday problems.
5. The man thinks both watching horror movies and going on a short holiday stimulate people’s
creativity.
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. NOT GIVEN
4. NOT GIVEN
5. TRUE
Ex 30. For questions 16-25, listen to a news report about good posture and complete the
sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording in
each blank.
- (16) __________ like tightened or inflexible muscles can gradually make your body less able to
handle forces from sitting in a(n) (17) __________ or carrying weight.
- Poor posture not only contributes to health conditions like scoliosis, back pain, and (18)
___________ but also puts more pressure on (19) __________ and joints.
- When your posture is good, all your (20) __________ should be aligned when you look at your
spine from behind or straight ahead.
- You can minimize (21) __________ and fatigue provided that your (22) __________ is kept
directly below your centre of gravity.
- (23) __________ can be used if necessary to help support different body parts.
- It should be noted that good posture brings no benefit if you are always (24) ___________, and
consulting a(n) (25) __________ is a good idea if you have concerns about your posture.
16. Dysfunctional adaptations

17. awkward position
18. tension headaches
19. ligaments
20. vertebrae
21. muscle strain
22. base of support
23. Ergonomic aids
24. stationary
25. physical therapist

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FANPAGE TÀI LIỆU TIẾNG ANH NÂNG CAO HAIDANGENGLISH.

LISTENING PRACTICE FOR NEC

17 Why was Vince initially reluctant to start his own business?

18 How does Anya feel about reality TV shows based on business?

16 In his latest book, Gordon aims to challenge the notion that:

17 Gordon says his main duty as an academic is to:

19 Why does Sophie use social media posts in her classes?

20 What aspect of ‘text language’ do Sophie and Gordon disagree about?

17 How did Lee originally feel about working on the documentary?

18 What does Tilly suggest about the man she interviewed?

20 When reflecting on the documentary, they express regrets that:

1. buzzword proportions 6. lofty values

1. fascinating archaeological sites

Exercise 8. For questions 1-10, listen to a recording of a presenter talking about a

1. The proliferation of channels

1. What does the record from Ruben’s neuroendocrine system reveal?

1. In which part of the volunteer’s body was cancer detected?

1. What is the name of the complication caused by radiation?

Lusail Iconic Stadium

The Al Janoub Stadium

Lusail Iconic Stadium

The Al Janoub Stadium

FIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN WORLD CUP 2022

3. Official playing ball

3. Official playing ball

2. What resulted in the formation of the Mariana Trench? ______

3. What is the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench? ______

4. What creatures can be found deep under the sea? ______

5. What process do bacteria use to produce food? ______

3. nearly 110 Megapascals

I’m sure we included everything they specified in the brief.

Woman: Fascinating lecture about nonverbal communication.

1. The man says that the cost of holidays is increasing. ______

2. The woman is looking forward to a vacation next summer. ______

1. What has access to adequate food been increasingly challenged by ? ______

1. (sheer) kinetic force

16. Dysfunctional adaptations

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