UCSP Learning Module 7 8

CRT LEARNING MODULE
Course Code UCSP
Course Title UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND

POLITICS (CORE SUBJECT)
No. of Hours 80 HOURS
Module Title HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL

EVOLUTION
FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

Understanding Culture, USE ONLY.
Society, and Politics
Issued by:
Module:7-8 Human Biological Modified by: VANESSA
Page 1
andCultural Evolution KARLA C. HERMOSA
CRT
College for Research & Technology of Cabanatuan
HOW TO USE THIS DIGITIZED LEARNING MODULE

Welcome to the module in Starting points for the understanding of culture, society,
and politics. This module contains learning materials and activities for you to complete
this module.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each learning outcome of the module. Each of the learning outcomes is provided with
Modules. Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of
each learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module
(or get the answer sheets from the online facilitator) to write the answers for each self-
check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the learning objectives set by the
Department of Education. This will be the source of Information for you to acquire
knowledge and skill in this particular trade independently and at your own pace, with
minimum supervision of help from your instructor.
 Talk to your online facilitator and agree on how you will both organize the Training
of this unit. Read each through the module carefully. It is divided into sections,
which cover all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully complete this
module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section. Read
Modules and complete self-check. Suggested references are included to
supplement the materials provided in this module.
 Most probably your facilitator will be your supervisor or manager. Your online
facilitator will support and correct you.
 Your online facilitator will tell you about the important things you need consider
when you are completing activities and it is important that you listen and take
notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on the job.
Make sure you practice new skills during regular work shifts. This way you will
improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Kindly the self-check questions at the LMS (EDMODO) to test your own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your online facilitator to watch you online via Zoom or
Issued by:
Page 2
CRT
Google Meet to perform the activities outlined in this module.
 Ask your online facilitator work through the activities: ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your online facilitator keeps feedback/pre-assessment reports for
this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask the
facilitator to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module, and feel confident that you have sufficient
practice, your online facilitator will arrange an appointment with registered
assessor’s to assess you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency Achievement Record.
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
Contents of this Learning Module
No. Module Title Topic Code
7 HUMAN BIOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE PHILIPPINES Module

AND CULTURAL 6.1
EVOLUTION
FILIPINO SOCIETY AND IT Module

PEOPLES OBLIGATIONS 6.2

Issued by:
Page 3
CRT
MODULE CONTENT
MODULE TITLE : HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL

EVOLUTION
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This course uses insights from Anthropology, Political Science, and
Sociology to develop students’ awareness of cultural, social and political dynamics, and
sensitivity to cultural diversity; provide them with an understanding of how culture,
human agency, society and politics work; and engage them in the examination of the
country’s current human development goals. At the end of the course, students should
acquire ideas about human cultures, human agency, society and politics; recognize
cultural relativism and social inclusiveness to overcome prejudices; and develop social
and cultural competence to guide their interactions with groups, communities, networks,
and institutions.
Number of Hours:
4 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Identify the role of different museums in the preservation of artifacts.
2. Express the nationalism for the country.

Issued by:
Page 4
CRT
LEARNING OUTCOME # 1: Identify the role of different museums in the
preservation of artifacts.
Contents:
1. History
2. Heritage
3. Museum
4. Types of Museum
5. List of different museum
Assessment Criteria
1. Identify the different types of museum and identify the role of each museum.
2. Explain the role of museums in preserving the heritage of the country
Conditions
The students/trainees must provide the following:
1. Paper
2. Pen
3. Module
4. Internet access
5. Learning Materials
Assessment Method:
1. Written Examination (online or Module)
2. Quizzes or Activities (online or Module)
3. Presentation of output (Online)
LEARNING MODULE # 2: Express the nationalism for the country.
Contents:
1. Filipino Children In Family And Society: Growing Up In A Many-People Environment
2. The Values That Filipinos Have Historically Held Important
3. Duties And Obligations Of Citizens

Issued by:
Page 5
CRT
Assessment Criteria
1. Explain why the Filipino culture is unique by citing some examples
2. Explain why Filipino should obey the constitution of the Philippines.
3. Manifest your love for the country by expressing it through words.
Conditions
The students/trainees must provide the following:
1. Paper
2. Pen
3. Module
4. Internet access
5. Learning Materials
Assessment Method:
1. Written Examination (online or Module)
2. Quizzes or Activities (online or Module)
3. Presentation of output (Online)

Issued by:
Page 6
CRT
MODULE 7
HERITAGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Learning Objective: After reading this MODULE, you should be able to:
1. Identify the national, local, and specialized museums in the Philippines.
2. Appreciate the importance and roles of museums in the Philippines
3. Write a pledge about promoting the importance and roles of museums
in the Philippines.
4. Identify the different heritages sites in the Philippines.
HISTORY
The Philippines has a rich history beginning from its earliest days as one of the busiest
trading posts in South East Asia and later, in the trans-Pacific galleon trade. A period of
Spanish colonization spanning three centuries then made an indelible impression on the
country. This mercurial era, along with the American occupation, played a vital role in
shaping the Philippines and its people. A vivid past has left its mark all over the
archipelago in many different forms that present-day visitors to the country are now
discovering.
The rich Philippine heritage can be experienced, not only in textbooks and museums,
but also in beautifully preserved historical sites across the country. A simple textbook
description of a historical event comes to life upon a visit to the place where it unfolded.
Isla ng Corregidor, or simply, Corregidor, is now a tranquil island where the epic
dramatic Battle of Corregidor took place during the last world war. In a country like the
Philippines, where history is kept alive, one doesn't need to go far to travel back in time.

Issued by:
Page 7
CRT
HERITAGE
Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park

Location: Middle of the Sulu Sea, 181 kilometers southeast of Puerto Princesa,
Palawan
Inscribe in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1993
The Tubbataha Reef Marine Park covers 33,200 hectares including the north and south
reefs. It is a marvelous marine wilderness and a special ecosystem much appreciated
for its beauty as well as its scientific value.
It is a unique example of an atoll reef with a very high density of marine species, with
80% coral cover of 46 coral genres and 376 fish species. The site is an excellent example
of a pristine coral reef with a spectacular 100-meter perpendicular wall, extensive
lagoons and two-coral islands.
Tubbataha’s north islet is a nesting site for sea birds of all kinds and endangered
hawksbill sea turtles; a diver’s paradise with gorgonian seafans, soft corals, and gigantic
sea sponges serving as home to turkey fish, anemone crab, banded seasnakes,
nudibranchs, starfish, catsharks, surgeon fish, batfish, and butterfly fish. The rare,
Issued by:
Page 8
CRT
unusual looking fox-faced rabbit fish can also be found in the marine park. Marine
turtles, including the critically endangered hawksbill and green turtle, nest on some of
the beaches.
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

Location: Saint Paul Mountain Range on the northern coast of Palawan
Inscribe in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1999
The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park features a spectacular limestone
karst landscape with its underground river. The river is unique because it flows directly into
the sea, and its lower portion is subject to tidal influences. The area also representsa significant
habitat for biodiversity conservation. The site contains a whole ecosystem from mountain to
the sea; and protects forests, which are among the most significant in Asia.
A highlight of each visit is a ride through its 8 km-long Underground River which runs
through a dome of stalactites complemented by stalagmites running the entire length of the
cave.
The park is a popular destination for bird watching and is known for regular sightings
of threatened bird species of Palawan peacock-peasant and Philippine cockatoo and the
endemic birds Palawan scopsowl, swiftlet, hornbill, flyeater and blue flycatcher, tit and
flowerpecker. It is blessed to have the Palawan flying fox, Oriental small-clawed otter,
stinkbadger, binturong, flying squirrel, mountain tree squirrel and porcupine.

Issued by:
Page 9
CRT
The park also features an exciting Monkey Trail with its series of wooden paths to the
forest.
Rice Terraces of the

Philippine Cordilleras
Location: Ifugao
Inscribed in the UNESCO
World Heritage Sites in
1995
The 2,000-year old Banaue

Rice Terraces – the most
extensive anywhere in the
world – were carved into the
mountains of Ifugao by ancestors of the Batad indigenous people. The terraces are
located approximately 1,500 meters (5,000 feet) above sea level and cover 10,360 square
kilometers (about 4,000 square miles) of the mountainside.
Known as the “eight wonder of the world,” the terraces were carved with only simple
tools and bare hands. They are fed by an ancient irrigation system, an ingenious complex
of bamboo pipes and canals, drawing water from streams created by bubbling springs
located in the mountain rainforests.
Considered as a monument to man’s genius in turning a rugged and forbidding terrain

into a source of sustenance, the rice terraces stand to be the most awe-inspiring man-
made landscape in the Cordilleras. They are also invariably called “The Stairway to the
Sky.”
Historic Town of Vigan

Location: Vigan, Ilocos Sur
Inscribed in the UNESCO
World Heritage Sites in
1999
Issued by:
Page 10
CRT
The 16th century town of
Vigan is “an exceptionally
intact and well-preserved
example of a European
trading town in East and
East Asia.” Its architecture
reflects the fusion of cultural elements from the Philippines, China and Europe, resulting
in a culture and townscape that has no parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia.
Seemingly impervious to time, spared from rebellion and the ravages of war, Vigan has
remained unchanged and its many preserved historic sites – more than 180 edifices –
make it look like “a piece of Spain.” With its grand cathedral, massive mansions with red-
tile roofs and spacious balconies, narrow cobblestone streets, horse drawn carriages, and
friendly faces peering out of large windows, Vigan is a place where “time stood still.”
Baroque Churches
Inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993
San Agustin Church in

Intramuros, Manila
Built in 1587, the San

Agustin Church is the oldest
stone church in the
Philippines, the only one
that remains as the original
evidence of the 16th
century Spanish
architecture. It has defied
several earthquakes andthe
heavy shelling of both
Japanese and American
forces in 1945 and now stands as a reminder of the grandeur of the past.
The structural design of the church is extraordinary. It boasts of the only example in the
country of a barrel vault, dome and arched vestibules, supporting its choir loft, all made
of stone. Its façade is notable for its two pairs of columns – the lowest pair in Doric style,
the upper pair in Corinthian topped by a pediment surmounted by a Cross. The main
Issued by:
Page 11
CRT
door, carved out of Philippine molave, has a bas-relief of St. Augustine and his mother,
Santa Monica. San Agustin Church represents the art and technology of Spanish, Chinese,
and native cultures fused together “to suit human sentiments and faiths that found
expression in customs and traditions that were evolved through thecenturies.”
As the best-preserved example of an urban ecclesiastical complex in the Philippines, the

compound serves not only as a historical document of the Spanish colonial heritage but
also as a repository of the most important works of art and literature oftheperiod.
Miag-ao Church in Iloilo
Built in yellow-orange sandstone, the large fortress-church of Miag-ao was completed

in 1797. It served as a fortress against raids of marauding Moro pirates. The
church is amazingly beautiful because of its two asymmetric pyramidal towers and its
finely sculptured, yellow sandstone façade. Its façade’s carving is the pinnacle of Filipino
naïve art, in which craftsmen abandon all restraints to interpret Western decorative
styles in the local folk idiom. The central element in the façade is Saint Christopher, clad
like a Filipino farmer with rolled-up trousers. He carries the Christ Childon his back while
holding on to a lush coconut tree for support. Beside him are guava and papaya trees,
flanked by ornamental urns. The scene merges Western Catholic iconography with a
folk interpretation of coastal Iloilo countryside.
San Agustin Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte
Photo by Anna Buenaventura.
Paoay’s San Agustin Church, built in 1604, is one of the most outstanding variants of
“earthquake baroque” in the Philippines, where the primary consideration was to
design the structure for earthquake protection.
The façade of San Agustin Church is astounding but its most prominent feature is the
phalanx of buttresses that juts out perpendicularly from the sidewalls, purposely to
strengthen the walls – and the entire structure – against earthquake damage.

Issued by:
Page 12
CRT
Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur
The Church of Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion in Santa Maria is unique for its utter
disregard for the traditional Spanish urban plan of constructing the church to face the
plaza, and less imposing religious and official buildings grouped around. It also has a
citadel appearance as the church, with its convent and bell tower, stands alone on the
crown of a solitary hill encircled by a stonewall, with stone stairways leading to the
church.
It is the only church in the Philippines exuding the ambience of a Mediterranean hill
town with its convent built parallel to the church façade and its bell tower detached
from the main church. Evoking a Chinese pagoda, the bell tower of octagonal shapes of
decreasing diameter is crowned by a small dome, tapering to the sky with an oriental
grace.
MUSEUM
Museum is an institution dedicated to preserving and interpreting the primary tangible

evidence of humankind and the environment.
The word museum comes from the Greek “mouseion,” the temples dedicated to the
Muses and the arts they inspired.
 Curator is a manager or overseer of museum. They are responsible for

assembling, managing and presenting/ displaying artistic and cultural collections.
 Museology is the term that describes the wide-ranging and fascinating study of
collection curation (the care and management of objects in museum collections)
and the presentation of museums’ collections to the public for educational and
research purposes
TYPES OF MUSEUMS
 Archaeology museums are specialize in the display of archaeological artifacts.

 Architecture museums educate visitors about architecture in general or with a
focus on a specific architectural style.
 Art museums display art objects, most commonly visual art objects as paintings,
sculpture, photography, illustrations, drawings, ceramics or metalwork.

Issued by:
Page 13
CRT
 Biographical museum display items relating to the life of a single person or
group of people, and may also display the items collected by their subjects during
their lifetimes.
 Children museums exhibits and programs to stimulate informal learning
experiences for children.
 Encyclopedic museums offer visitors a plethora of information on a variety of
subjects that tell both local and global stories.
 Ethnographic Museums conserve, display and contextualize items relevant to
the field of Ethnography.
 History museums cover the knowledge of history and its relevance to the
present and future.
 Local museum or local history museums covers local history. Its collection
normally includes objects with a local connection of some sort.
 National museums are maintained by a state.
 Natural history museums exhibit work of the natural world. The focus lies on
nature and culture.
 Open-air museums collect and re-erect old buildings at large outdoor sites,
usually in settings of re-created landscapes of the past.
 Science museum revolve around scientific achievements, and marvels and their
history.
 Specialized museums exist to demonstrate a variety of topics.
 University museums are run by a university, typically founded to aid teaching
and research within the institution of higher learning.
List of Different Museums in the Philippines
The National Museum of the

Philippines an umbrella government
organization that oversees a numberof
national museums in the Philippines
including ethnographic,
anthropological, archaeological and
visual arts collections. Since 1998, the
National Museum has been the
regulatory and enforcement agency of
the Government of the Philippines in
the restoring and safeguarding of
important cultural properties, sites, and
reservations throughout the Philippines.

Issued by:
Page 14
CRT
The National Planetarium also known as the
National Museum Planetarium (shortened as
NM Planetarium), is a planetarium owned and
operated by the National Museum of the Philippines
in Manila. It is a 16-metre (52 ft) dome located in
Rizal Park between the Japanese Garden and
Chinese Garden on Padre Burgos Avenue in the
central district of Ermita. It opened on October 8,
1975, and has been in operation since then. The
unique feature of the Planetarium is the true-to-life projection of astronomical bodies that
captures the interest and tickles the imagination of viewers.
The University of Santo Tomas Museum is the

oldest museum in the Philippines. Its collections
were started in the 17th century with materia
medica (plant, animal and mineral specimens
considered "medical materials") used in the
medicine, pharmacy and science courses. The
current collections are grouped into the following:
visual arts, natural history, coins and memorabilia,
Oriental wares, ethnography, andreligious images.
Of note are paintings of Filipino masters, a
remarkable collection of seashells, and ancient
ceramic ware dating back from 5,000 B.C.

Issued by:
Page 15
CRT
The Museo Pambata is a
children's interactive museum.
Unlike traditional museums
where items are stored behind
glass and touching is highly
discouraged, Museo Pambata
invites visitors to learn with the
exhibits by using their total
senses. It envisions itself as a
discovery museum and
resource center promoting
Filipino global culture, children's
advocacy programs, and
creative educational programs
with linkages to global communities. The museum also has regular programs and events
for various sectors.
The Ayala Museum is a museum in

Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is
located in Ayala Center r adjacentto
Greenbelt mall and is run privately bythe
Ayala Foundation. This six-story edifice
houses ethnographic and
archaeological exhibits on Filipino
culture, art, and history. Since its
establishment in 1967, the museum has
been committed to showcasing
overseas collections and situating
contemporary Philippine art in the
global arena in a two-way highway of mutual cooperation and exchange with local and
international associates.

Issued by:
Page 16
CRT
The Bahay Tsinoy is a
testament to the painful struggle
of the Chinese Filipinos in the
Philippines. The museum
chronicles this struggle in life-like
wax figures in the realistic setting
of the Parian, now Chinatown, in
Binondo. Other than the detailed
recreation of the Chinese trade,
the museum has other
interesting galleries,including the
Bahay na Bato, the typical
Chinese settlement in
Manila; the Ching Ban Lee Ceramics Gallery, the Martyrs Hall, Batang Tiaong, and the
gallery featuring prominent Chinese Filipinos who aided in nation building and in the revolt
against the Spaniards. The museum also has a library containing Chinese Filipino
literature, history books, and others.
ARTIFACTS
The word “artefact” or “artifact” comes from two Latin words, “arte” or “ars” which
means skill and “factum” to do or to make. The word dates back to the early 1800s,
meaning “something created by humans usually for a practical purpose; especially: an
object remaining from a particular period” and “something characteristic of or resulting
from a particular human institution, period, trend, or individual” (Merriam-Webster 1990,
p. 105). In other words, artifact or artefact defined as any object made or modified by a
human culture, individual or group that is recovered long after the time it served its
purpose, through an archaeological endeavor or even by accident or chance.
On the other hand, archaeology refers to the study of human activity through the
recovery and analysis of material culture. People who do this are called an
archaeologists.
Art factual evidences and human material remains plays a significant roles in interpreting
cultural and social, including political and economic processes to human’s way of life.
Let’s begin with some of the notable artefacts and human material remains found during
the Neolithic Period, Neolithic Revolution, up to the Earliest Civilization in the world.
When the Neolithic Period began, or also known as the New Stone Age, people’s way
of life has changed from nomadic to being a settlers, it is where the concept of family
and home was formed.

Issued by:
Page 17
CRT
From being hunters and gatherers, they eventually learned how to domesticate various
plants and animals resulting to a more settled, agrarian based one. Some of the notable
art factual evidences and human material remains in this period were made up of stone,
but it was more refined and polished.
Some of the notable human material remains were

polished stone tools that is significant in interpreting
economic processes to human’s way of life during this
period because it was mainly developed and used for
agricultural activities resulting for the production of
food needed by the families as the population
increases.
Let us take a glimpse of the significance of these

polished stone tools in interpreting economic
processes to human’s way of life. The polished
stone ax is considered as one of the most
important developments of the Neolithic era.
Once the ax was shaped through flaking,
another stone was used to grind it smooth. Axes
make the clearing of land much simpler,
allowing the spread of agriculture. Axes also
make effective weapons, and it is thought that
many Neolithic axes were meant to be used on
enemies rather than for trees. The need for self-
protection led to a more centralized village life within high walls. Until the Neolithic
Revolution also known as Agricultural Revolution started, farming became a systematic
agricultural activity of people, social and cultural shifts manifested along the way to adapt
to their setting. Permanent settlements had developed as an early civilization and social
classes had been established to people’s economic status because of large-scale trade
and commercialization. Human materials mainly used for agriculture.

Issued by:
Page 18
CRT
However, during the ancient times in the
Philippines, barter rings called panika and pellets
called pitoncitos were used for exchanged within
and outside the tribe, even in international trade,
Butuan, Samar, Mindoro, Bohol, and other Philippine
Islands were part of a trading system thatincluded
parts of Borneo and Sulawesi starting in 10th
century. This human material remain signifies the
interpretation of economic processes during this
period when the concept of trading system started.
In the Philippine settings, we also have some

notable artefactual evidences and human material remains found in different parts of the
archipelago that is significant in interpreting cultural processes to human’s way of life. As
people’s life advances, they developed materials that could be part of their daily routine.
Let’s take a look at some of these.
The manunggul jar is a cultural treasure found in

the early 1960’s in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point,
Palawan as a secondary burial jar. The significance
of this artefact interprets the cultural process of
practicing the traditional way of storing the bones of
someone who was previously buried.
The yawning
jarlet was
declared a
National Cultural
Treasure, was
the earliest pot recovered in the country. It has a
distinct rim that resembles a shouting or yawning
person, hence the name. It was an earthen jar which
believed that it asks for a bountiful harvest.
The adze is a woodworking tool. It is a flat blade

attached to a handle, somewhat like an ax, except
that the blade is turned horizontally,
somewhat like a hoe. When it strikes a piece
of wood it gouges out a chip. It was and is

Issued by:
Page 19
CRT
still used in cultures that make dugout
canoes, as it is one of the fastest ways to
hollow out a log. A larger adze also makes an
effective tool for digging, removing roots and
generally preparing land for planting.
Chisels were made by attaching a sharp

piece of stone to the end of a sturdy stick.
Hammers were made by rounding a rock,
and either drilling a hole through it or
creating a notch around the outside that could be used when securing the head to a
handle by rope or sinew. Hammers were mostly used with chisels in woodworking, though
the difference between a hammer and a war club is really only in the use.
Stone Beater is a stone tool used for the preparation of bark cloth. Early man in Palawan
fashioned the beaters from cylindrical stones and used the stone beaters for pounding
the bark to loosen the pulp from the fiber. The bark cloth is ready when all the pulp has
been stripped off, leaving a network of fibers. The stone tool found in Arku Cave,
Penablanca, Cagayan was dated 1255-605 B.C. Another bark-cloth beater was found in
Sagung cave in Southern Palawan.
PERFORMANCE TASK
Choose one well-known heritage that can be found in Region 3. Paste
its picture in a short bond paper.
Write a short description of your chosen heritage.

Issued by:
Page 20
CRT
MODULE 8
FILIPINO SOCIETY AND IT PEOPLES OBLIGATIONS
Learning Objective: After reading this MODULE, you should be able to:
1. Identify the uniqueness of cultural identity of the Filipinos;

2. Explain the duties and obligations of the Filipino people towards his country.
3. Discuss the different values of Filipino.
Filipino Children in Family and Society: Growing Up in a Many-People

Environment
The objective of this presentation is to report on the social environment in which

children grow up in the Philippines. To be more specific, this is a report on the characteristics
of the socialization process of Filipino children who are born and brought up in the many-
people environment beyond the nuclear family, with complicated dyadic relations and various
parenting figures. The reference materials I have used concern the Tagalog people living in
the central and southern areas of the island of Luzon, but basically these findings will also
apply to the group called lowland Christians.
The Family Circle Around the Child
In the Philippines, the nuclear family is the basic form of household. A closer view of
the people in daily life, however, shows that the nuclear family is not a closed, isolated unit
consisting of only the married couple and their unmarried children. It has frequent and
intimate interactions with the families living nearby. It is not unusual to find elderly parents
or elderly unmarried siblings of the household’s head still living together in the same
household.
Even newlywed couples frequently live in the home of the parents of either the
husband or the wife. They build a new house after one or two children are born, but even
then they prefer to build the house within the compound of the parent’s house or in the same
neighborhood. There are no set rules about whether they live with the husband’s parents or
the wife’s parents. Statistics show that the Bisayan and Bikol groups tend to choose the wife’s
family and the Tagalog and Ilocano groups the husband’s family. In either case, however,
the choice seems to depend basically on which family offers better economic conditions, such

Issued by:
Page 21
CRT
as wealth, amount of agricultural land, housing, or job opportunities. No clear-cut differences
can be observed between men and women, as the parents’ estate is divided equally among
brothers and sisters.
Besides children continuing to live in the parents’ house or in the same compound after
marriage, there are many instances of relatives living on adjoining or nearby land. When
relatives live in the same neighborhood or group together in one place, there is frequent
visiting and sharing of food among them. According to Murray (1973), a local kin group is
formed in such a case. Three relationships are formed simultaneously in this group:
magkamag-anak (consanguineal or affinal relations), magkapitbahay (neighboring relations).
These combine to form organic relationship that surpasses the nuclear family, which Murray
says is “somewhat like a unilineal group.”
Features of Child Rearing
A newlywed couple will rarely live in isolation among complete strangers. They will
usually live close to the parents of either the husband or wife, within the same house or in
a small house built near the parents’ house. They will begin their new life together in a
place where parents, uncles and aunts, brothers and sisters, and cousins are grouped
together. They will also associate with families living in the neighborhood practically as
though they were relatives, even if they are not consanguineally or affinally related. When
one considers the growing-up process of Filipino children within this network of close human
relations, the following can be pointed out as effects of the surrounding environment.
Women are extremely active in Filipino society, in politics, economics, administration,

education, and many other fields, and the status of women is generally high. Although the
fact that society has a climate that can accept the social activity of women is a very
important background factor.
If a daughter becomes an unwed mother or is separated from her husband, the

grandparents will become parent surrogates for the child or an uncle may become a father
surrogate. Even if the family is angry at the daughter and will not speak to her, the child is
fully accepted into the family and treated warmly.
Conditions of a Good Child
In the Philippines, a child is a blessing from God and is considered proof that the family
is living in the grace of God. At the same time, for the parents, the child is a form of
investment and security in old age. For this reason it is generally believed that the greater
the number of children and the larger the family, the happier the family will be. The
government is conducting various family planning campaigns to reduce the annual population
growth rate, which is close to three percent, but with very little effect. Not because Roman
Issued by:
Page 22
CRT
Catholic doctrine forbids it (the people are rarely conscious of the fact that it is forbidden)
but because of the strong desire to have many children.
The many children born in this environment have various important roles to play in
family life according to their stage of maturation. When the child is still a baby, he is the
center of the love and attention of the parents and other adults and is expected to provide
laughter and joy through his smile and gestures.
Eventually, the child must take care of younger brothers and sisters and carry out such
daily tasks as drawing water. Boys must eventually help with their father’s work and look
after domestic animals and girls must help their mothers with housework and shopping.
In the Philippines, the world of adults and the world of children are not separated and
the children assume certain roles in the family that they are capable of assuming in
accordance with their ages. The children learn as they help the adults in their work, by
imitating what they observe or by receiving specific training. There are therefore very few
tasks or activities from which the adults will exclude the children. Even at bedtime, there is
no set time beyond which the children are not allowed to stay awake and they are allowed
to stay up late with the adults if they wish to do so. However, the children are usually
exhausted by the day’s activities and will go to sleep before the adults. Even if a separation
into the world of adults and the world of children were possible, in the Philippines the two
worlds would exist in a relationship of interaction, super imposed over each other.
What do Filipinos value?
The term kapwa, or a shared inner self, lies at the core of Filipino values and psychology. A
person who treats another as a kapwa has a shared a sense of identity and consciousness
with that ‘other’ person. Both in the individual and community level, strong emphasis is placed
on social acceptance and maintaining social harmony. As such, social approval and caring
about what others will think, say, or do strongly influence social behavior.
Here are some of the values that Filipinos have historically held important:
The family
The family is at the center of the Filipino community. Children are not expected to leave their
parents’ house until they themselves get married; and even after then, many couples opt to
stay with or close to their or their spouse’s parents. Also, they’re expected to care for their
ageing parents instead of sending them to a retirement home. This is why it’s common to see
different generations or multiple families living in a single residence. The value that Filipinos
put into caring for one’s family can also be seen as one of the reasons why nurses and
caregivers from the country provide their patients and clients with a high level of care.

Issued by:
Page 23
CRT
Humor and positivity
Optimism, humor, and positivity are valued traits in the Philippines. The country has a long
list of national holidays, and many provinces and cities have their own sets of local holidays.
At the same time, in the face of difficult or challenging situations, members of the community
are encouraged to look at the brighter side of things. The inclination for finding the good in
the bad can be traced to the country’s location, which lies in the path of typhoons and sits
along the Pacific Ring of Fire. In a place where natural calamities are commonplace, humor
and positivity work as a coping mechanism, much like how some children laugh to hide their
embarrassment after slipping or falling.
Flexibility and adaptability
The term bahala na, which can be translated to whatever happens, happens, is one of the
more familiar phrases used in the country and is perhaps the most representative of how
Filipinos value adaptability and quick thinking. It exemplifies one’s belief in a higher power
and submitting one’s fate to elements that cannot be controlled.
People who use the term bahala na do not see anything wrong with it, as it serves as a sort
of positive affirmation that allows them to deal with a problem right then and there. However,
those who do see it negatively often view it as a form of fatalistic submission or a way to
absolve one from the responsibility of their actions.
Faith and religion
Spirituality is deeply ingrained in Filipinos. A form of animism was already being practiced in
many pre-colonial societies and Islam has been firmly established in the southern islands
even before the Spanish brought Catholicism to the country. These days, religion still plays a
big part in society and in the everyday lives of Filipinos.
The Catholic Church’s views still affect the passing of some laws, most towns still hold fiestas
to honor their patron saints, and many regular non-working national holidays are dedicated
to celebrating various religious activities and events. To many Filipinos, religion helps shape
their values and principles.
Filipino hospitality
Filipinos in the country and around the globe can be expected to extend a warm welcome to
their guests regardless of where they come from, how well they know their host, and why
they’re visiting someone’s home.
Hosts typically provide their guest with food and entertainment and, if there’s time, a tour
around the local destinations. Before they leave, guests are entreated to take home
Issued by:
Page 24
CRT
pasalubong or souvenirs, which often come in the form of delicacies and local sweets.
Filipino culture and tradition
Brief Philippine history
Long before the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the communities in the archipelago have
been trading with what is now China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Its location beside continental Asia and along the border of the Pacific Ocean provided the
archipelago’s inhabitants a lot of opportunities to interact and communicate with different
groups of people. Some of the major influences that affected the communities in the islands
are Hindu religion, language, literature, and culture from India, and Islam from Arabia.
The Spanish Colonial Period began with the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521 and ended in
1898—lasting a total of 333 years. The islands were named The Republic of the Philippines
in 1543, in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Christianity was also given heavy emphasis during
this time.
After Spain was defeated in the Spanish-American War, the Philippines was occupied by
America, Japan, and again, America after World War II. By 1946, the United States has ceded
its sovereignty over the country and elections were held to elect the first president ofthe
independent republic.
Languages of the Philippines
The official languages of the country are English and Filipino, but there are over 175
languages used in the Philippines. Most of these languages are under the Malayo-Polynesian
subgroup of Austronesian languages. It’s typical for Filipinos to grow up bilingual, and many
even speak 3 languages— the 2 national languages plus the indigenous language in their
area.
Philippine languages have been influenced by many other languages, including each other.
During the Spanish occupation, friars and priests, with great reluctance and much delay,
conducted religious instruction and almost all forms of formal education using Spanish under
the orders of the Spanish government. It was at this time that many Spanish words were
borrowed into Tagalog.
The American occupation saw the wide adoption of English as the language of instruction in
schools throughout the country. Before and after World War II, the Philippine government
actively took solid steps toward establishing a national language based on Tagalog, which
was used as a second language by almost half of the country’s population at the time. Then,
in 1987, Filipino was named as the National Language of the Philippines.

Issued by:
Page 25
CRT
In the present day, both Filipino and English are taught as academic subjects and used as
languages of instruction in primary and secondary schools and universities throughout the
country. News and entertainment programs that are aired throughout the country are also
often delivered in these languages.
Filipino cuisine
The Filipino cuisine is a mesh between Chinese, Mexican, Malay, Spanish, Indian, and
American cooking. It usually consists of 6 meals per day, including breakfast, snacks, lunch,
brunch, dinner, and a final reach toward snacks to end the day on a full stomach. Most Filipino
dishes involve rice, which is served alongside other edibles. Most Filipinos regularly use
spoons, forks, and knives to eat their food, but sometimes hands come into play when
seafood is involved. Popular dishes include chorizo, asado, paksiw (pork in vinegar and other
spices), kare-kare (stew made of ox-tail), sinigang (soup delicacy made of pork, prawns, or
fish), longanisa (sweet sausage), and more.On the other hand, some popular snacks are
bibingka (rice cake made with margarine or butter), polvoron (powder candy), puto (rice
cakes), chocolate, and more.
ARTICLE V
DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS
(Based on the Philippine Constitution of 1973)
SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be loyal to the Republic and to honor
the Philippine flag, to defend the State and contribute to its development and welfare, to
uphold the Constitution and obey the laws, and to. Cooperate with the duly constituted
authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and orderly society.
SEC. 2. The rights of the individual impose upon him the correlative duty to exercise
them responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others.
SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of every citizen to engage in gainful work to assure himself
and his family a life worthy of human dignity.
SEC. 4. It shall be the obligation of every citizen qualified to vote to register and cast his
vote.

Issued by:
Page 26
CRT
WRITTEN WORK: ESSAY
Write a 500-word essay answering the question below.
As a Filipino citizen, what are your duties and obligations?

As a Filipino citizen what values that we have makes you proud of being a
Filipino?

Issued by:
Page 27
CRT

UCSP Learning Module 7 8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

UCSP Learning Module 7 8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CRT LEARNING MODULE

Course Code UCSP

Course Title UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND

No. of Hours 80 HOURS

Module Title HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

HOW TO USE THIS DIGITIZED LEARNING MODULE

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

Contents of this Learning Module

No. Module Title Topic Code

7 HUMAN BIOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE PHILIPPINES Module

FILIPINO SOCIETY AND IT Module

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

MODULE TITLE : HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

LEARNING MODULE # 2: Express the nationalism for the country.

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

HERITAGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

Rice Terraces of the

The 2,000-year old Banaue

Considered as a monument to man’s genius in turning a rugged and forbidding terrain

Historic Town of Vigan

San Agustin Church in

Built in 1587, the San

As the best-preserved example of an urban ecclesiastical complex in the Philippines, the

Miag-ao Church in Iloilo

Built in yellow-orange sandstone, the large fortress-church of Miag-ao was completed

San Agustin Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte

Photo by Anna Buenaventura.

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

Museum is an institution dedicated to preserving and interpreting the primary tangible

 Curator is a manager or overseer of museum. They are responsible for

 Archaeology museums are specialize in the display of archaeological artifacts.

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

List of Different Museums in the Philippines

The National Museum of the

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

The University of Santo Tomas Museum is the

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

The Ayala Museum is a museum in

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

Some of the notable human material remains were

Let us take a glimpse of the significance of these

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

In the Philippine settings, we also have some

The manunggul jar is a cultural treasure found in

The adze is a woodworking tool. It is a flat blade

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

Chisels were made by attaching a sharp

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020

FILIPINO SOCIETY AND IT PEOPLES OBLIGATIONS

1. Identify the uniqueness of cultural identity of the Filipinos;

Filipino Children in Family and Society: Growing Up in a Many-People

The objective of this presentation is to report on the social environment in which

FOR INSTITUTIONAL Document No. 001-2020