Plagiarism is an act or instance

of using or closely imitating the

language and thoughts of another
author without authorization; the
representation of that author's work
as one's own, as by not crediting the
original author.

MEANING
 TYPES

The Ghost Writer -The writer

turns in another’s work, word-for-
word, as his or her own.
 TYPES

The Photocopy- The writer

copies significant portions
of text straight from a single
source, without alteration.
 TYPES

The Potluck Paper- The

writer copies from several
different sources, tweaking
the sentences to make them
fit together while retaining
most of the original
phrasing.
 TYPES

The Poor Disguise- The

writer has altered the
paper’s appearance slightly
by changing key words and
phrases.
 TYPES

The Labor of Laziness - The

writer takes the time to
paraphrase most of the
paper from other sources
and make it all fit together.
 TYPES

The Self-Stealer- The writer

“borrows” generously from
his or her previous work.
 TYPES
(Sources cited
but
plagiarized)

The Forgotten Footnote -

The writer mentions an
author’s name for a source,
but neglects to include
specific information on the
location of the material
referenced.
 TYPES
(Sources cited
but
plagiarized)

The Misinformer - The

writer provides inaccurate
information regarding the
sources, making it
impossible to find them.
 TYPES
(Sources cited
but
plagiarized)

The Too-Perfect
Paraphrase- The writer
properly cites a source, but
neglects to put in quotation
marks on text that has been
copied word-for-word, or
close to it.
 TYPES
(Sources cited
but
plagiarized)

The Resourceful Citer- The

writer properly cites all
sources, paraphrasing and
using quotations
appropriately. The catch?
The paper contains almost
no original work!
 TYPES
(Sources cited
but
plagiarized)

The Perfect Crime- The

writer properly quotes and
cites sources in some places,
but goes on to paraphrase
other arguments from those
sources without citation.
A. Modern Language Association
(MLA)
It is a guide used to write papers
and for citing sources in
humanities, literature, and liberal
arts.

HOW TO PROPERLY CITE

SOURCES?
B. American Psychological
Association (APA)
It is a style that is commonly used
to cite various sources from
natural and social sciences.

HOW TO PROPERLY CITE

SOURCES?
 C. Turubian
This format is popularized by Kate
Turubian. It is essentially the same as
those shown in The Chicago Manual of
Style. Also, this style presents bibliographic
information in footnotes or endnotes and,
usually, a bibliography.

HOW TO PROPERLY CITE

SOURCES?
Modern Language Association (MLA)
It is a guide used to write papers and for citing sources in humanities,
literature, and liberal arts.

In-text or parenthetical citation:

Tobias-Domagsang mentioned that critical reading is important in the

sense that, through the volumes of reading materials available in the
market, a reader is not supposed to believe everything and anything that
he reads (82).

The parenthetical citation (82) refers to the page number from Exploring
Literature and Grammar, a book by Ann Gelene Tobias-Domagsang. In the
bibliography, the book will be cited this way:

Tobias-Domagsang, Ann Gelene. Exploring Literature and Grammar:

Reading and Writing Skills. Quezon City: Brilliant Creations, 2016.
B. American Psychological Association (APA)
It is a style that is commonly used to cite various sources from
natural and social sciences.

In-text or parenthetical citation:

While it is not a crime in this country, plagiarism is an unethical

act that is regarded as an almost unforgivable sin in the world
of the academe. (Khan, 2015, pp. 85)

The parenthetical citation (Khan, 2015) refers to a book about

Media and Information Literacy written by Khan and published
in 2015. In the reference list, this source would be cited this
way:

Khan, R. (2015). Media and Information Literacy Handbook.

Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing Inc.
C. Turubian
This format is popularized by Kate Turubian. It is essentially
the same as those shown in The Chicago Manual of Style. Also,
this style presents bibliographic information in footnotes or
endnotes and, usually, a bibliography.

Citing sources in the body of the work by using footnotes:

(Khan, 2015)

1Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can

Make a Big Difference (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 64-65.

In the references list, the book would be cited like this:

Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can

Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000.