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APA VS MLA:THE KEY DIFFERENCES

Date published January 9, 2020 by Shona McCombes Date updated: February 19, 2020

•APA and MLA are two of the most commonly used citation styles.
•The APA manual (published by the American Psychological
Association) is innetly used in social science and education fields.
•The MLA handbook (published by the Modern Language
Association) is mostly used in humanities fields.
• In both styles, a source citation consists of:
•
A brief parenthetical citation in the text.
• A full reference at the end of the paper.
However, citations look slightly different in each style, with
different rules for things like title capitalization, author
names, and placement of the date
There are also some differences in layout and formatting. The
MS Word has templates for a correctly formatted paper in
either style, however, it is still best to learn about it from
memory when no template is available.
• Study the table in the next page.
 IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN APA AND MLA

Both MLA and APA use parenthetical citations to cite sources in the text. However,
they include slightly different information.
An APA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and the publication year. If
you’re quoting or paraphrasing a specific passage, you also add a page number.
• An MLA in-text catation includes the author’s last name and a page number.
• The two styles also have different rules about when to shorten citations “at all”
Check the table to compare in-text citations for APA and MLA.
 APA MLA

1.Author (Taylor,2018,p.23) (Taylor 23)

2.Authors (Taylor & (Taylor and

Kotler,2018,p.23)
kotler23)
3-5 Authors Firstcitation:
(Taylor,Kotler,Johnson,, (Taylor etc al.23)
Parker,2018,p.23)
Subsequent citations:(Taylor etc
Al.,2018,p.23

6+Authors (Taylor etc (Taylor etc al.23)

Al.,2018,p.23)
 IN-TEXT CITATION SAMPLES

According to new research (Smith, 2019, pp. 11-12). As mentioned before (Smith, 2019, pp. 11-12)
… (See Smith, 2019)

Citation is often used to cite a piece of work. This is to

acknowledge the contribution of the other writers and
researchers in your work. It is also a way to give credit to
the writers from whom you borrowed words and ideas.
 Failure to cite basically means that you are claiming that the
entire paper and all its information are yours. That is untrue
and it’s called plagiarism, an act of taking words, ideas or
information as your own. In writing or speaking, always give
credit whenever you use: another person’s idea, opinion, or
theory, any facts, statistics, graphs, drawing-any piece of
information-that are common knowledge, quotations of
another.
• Person’s spoken or written words and paraphrase of another
person’s spoken and written words. The purpose of a citation is
usually to provide support or evidence for what you are saying;
it tells the reader where this support or evidence can be found,
and it typically does this by providing a reference to
bibliography, a list of detailed bibliographic information
provided at the end of the document .Citation style has a set of
rules on how to cite sources in academic writing.
 BASIC RULES OF APA:

• All citations should be double spaced; Indent after the first line of
each entry.
• Alphabetize by the first word of the entry; entries are not numbered
• Editions of books are noted after the title in the following format:
(2nd ed.) First editions are not listed as such If no edition is listed,
omit the edition section.
•Italics must be used for books and periodical titles.
•CAPITALIZE ONLY the first word of a title, the first
word of a subtitle, and proper nouns in titles of books
and articles, no matter how they appear in a database or
catalog.
•Use the abbreviations p. or pp. only for multi-page
newspaper articles, encyclopedia entries, and chapters or
articles in edited books;
• Do not use the abbreviation p. or pp. (or any other abbreviation) for
magazine and journal articles.
• Dates are in Year, Month Day format (e.g. 1999, December 20)
• If no author is listed, begin with title .
• Date is in parenthesis after the author’s name (or title if no author is
listed)
•Use (n.d.) if no date is given
•Personal Communication includes: private letters,
memos, some electronic communication (i.e. email or
messages from nonarchival discussion groups) personal
interviews, telephone conversations, etc. These types of
communication are not recoverable data and therefore
should not be included on the Reference page. Cite
communication in text only.
WHEN TO CITE
SOURCES:
• 1. Summary
• When you summarize or briefly describe a passage written by
an author, an in-text citation is needed. This is when you read a
text, consider the main points, and provide a shorter version of
what you learned. Summarizing involves putting the main
idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s).
Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the
original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the
original and take a broad overview of the source material.
2. Paraphrase

A restatement of an idea in roughly the same length as the

author originally described it. This is when you restate what
the original author said in vour own words and in vour own
tone. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source
material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be
attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is
usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat
broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
3. Quotation
• The exact same words as the author used, presented between
quotation marks. If you are stating word-for-word what someone
else has already written, you must give credit to the original author.
Not doing so would mean that you’re letting your reader believe
these words are your own and represent your own effort.
Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of
the source. They must match the source document word for word and
must be attributed to the original author.
•Include an in-text citation when you
summarize, paraphrase, or quote
from another source.
 APA REFERENCE LIST VS. MLA WORKS
CITED LIST
APA (American Psychological Association) and MLA (Modern
Language Association) can be used to cite a source. In both APA and
MLA style, you list full details of all cited sources on a separate page
at the end of your paper. In APA this is usually called the Reference
List; in MLA it is called the Works Cited.
• The following show the format of APA and MLA citation styles.
 REFERENCE LIST

Author’s last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title.

Additional information. Place of publication:Publishing company.
Smith, T. (2019). Citing sources and referencing: A quick guide. (J. M.
Taylor, Ed.) (2nd ed.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Scribbr.
• Below are examples on how APA may be used for various resources.
•Thank you for participating
classmates iHope you learned
our report and again thankyou.
GROUPES

• James rijie kinulitan • MArgarit palalon

• Je Ann manapol • Randy quio

• Marielle kinol • Ericson cadano

• Dioscoro Gajano
• Kiven echaness
• Joshua batistil
• Melody arcamo
• Arvie eve
• Ailene cadilina
• Tyron Vince pilipog
• Ronamae jalandoni
• Cherry Mae Ege