READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

SS 1C
1ST SEM – REVIEWER

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY

HISTORY – from the Greek word historie or historia which means learning, inquiry and or investigation
-branch of social study that deals with systematic study of the past
-a branch of knowledge that records explain the past events and which concern people and human nature

HISTORIOGRAPHY – the study of itself; analyzes the history writer, motives, sources, theories applied and historical
methods of the writer. It also analyzes the context when, was the history written.

ELEMENTSB OF HISTORY
-historian
-place
-period
-sources

NATURE OF HISTORY AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

-history has no subject matter of its own
-history synthesizes knowledge from other fields
-illuminates the pieces of the past
-is constantly changing
-sheds light to truth

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF HISTORY

-to analyze previous events and phenomena
-proper basis on how to view the present and the future

E. Kent Rogers,
-to know more about the roots of our current culture
-to learn about human nature by looking at trends that repeat through history
-learn about mistakes of those who have gone before us

SOURCES OF THE HISTORY

Primary Sources – direct or firsthand evidence from the eyewitness or by people who experienced the said
phenomena.
Historical and legal documents Video recording
Eyewitness accounts speeches
Results of experiment Art objects

Statistical data
Pieces of creative writing
Audio recording
Secondary Sources – interpretations of the history
- Describe, discuss, interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate, summarize and process Primary sources
- Products of people or writers whom not part of the event or phenomena
- Discuss or evaluate someone else’s original research

Movies
Audio Recordings
Articles in
newspaper
Book
Articles found in
scholarly
Tertiary Sources – information that is compiled from Primary and Secondary Sources.

Almanacs Directories
Chronologies Guidebooks
Dictionaries Abstract
Encyclopedias Textbook

TYPES OF HISTORICAL SOURCES

-Archival
-Government Documents
-Serials
-Books
-Visual and Audio recordings

CHAPTER 2
THE NATURE OF CRITICISM IN HISTORY AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRIMAR SOURCES.

Historical Source – historian’s role in writing history is to reiterate, is to provide meanings to facts that he gathered from
primary sources or those that have been gathered by archeologists or anthropologists (artifacts). He can only make
conclusions and generalizations based on them. It is therefore his duty to check on the authenticity of the sources that is
presented to him to be used as basis in writing history. Sources have to undergo doubting and therefore should be
critically tested for validity. There are two kinds of criticism that a historians can use in the process; these are the
EXTERNAL and INTERNAL CRITICISM.

External Criticism – covers the physical examination of the sources like documents, manuscripts, books, pamphlets,
maps, inscriptions and monuments. In original documents it includes looking at the paper and ink used whether or not it
is within the same circa as the content of the work.

Elements of External Criticism

Authorship