ESAT Modulation Modulation sa PROCESS of MPRESSINO low- ‘equency INFORMATION signals into a high-reauency CARRIER SIGNAL. ‘Types of Modulation | Moauttion Ana (geal | (ampitide) [Angulir | [OM] [PH | a eo ee ee ee a a 6 Ampitude Modulation (AN) itis the PROCESS of CHANGING the AMPLITUDE of a telatively HIGH FREQUENCY CARRIER SIGHAL in PROPORTION with the instantaneous valve of the MODULATING SIGNAL (INFORMATION) AM Porometrs 1 CARRIER - isa HIGH-FREQUENCY SIGNAL used to CARRY INFORMATION from source to destination. 2 INFORMATION ‘Aso known as: + INTELLIGENCE + MODULATING SIGNAL + BASEBAND SIGNAL 1 mm It is the process that creales a higher frequency signal containing the original infomation. ‘A. modulation ©. ming 6. oscilation D- neteroayning A typeof modulation where the instantaneous value of the carer amplitude changes in accordance with an amplitude and frequency variation of the modulating signal 2A frequency mac B. pulse modulation C. phase modulation D_ amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation is used for broadcasting because Avil is mare nose immune than other modulation system B. compered with other systems i requires lees tranemiting power Cis use avoids receiver complexity D. no other modulation system can provide the necessary bandvadth for Figh-fility He was the first to attempt the transmission of words using spark gap fransmtter wth a caron microphone ‘connected in series with an antenna 2 Gugiegmo Marconi B. Reginald Fessenden ©. Samuel Morse . Eswin Armstrong ©) PERC IG Learnhud ICT Integrated ECE ReviewENS-Modulation ESAT Amplitude Modul ion Equation Ne cone ~On hs cosa, +0 } N vit) = Ve sinot = camer sal angular trey radisee tan = modulating signal angular Wequency in t= pencein see Standard AM in Frequency Domain The vottace of either ofthe sidebands WILL NOT EXCEED half of the voltage ofthe carer. Standard AM inTime Domain + Modulating Vollage is ALWAYS LESS than the Carier Vatage. ‘+ Ifthe Modulating Voltage is more than the Cartier Vatage, OVERMODULATION will occu. 6) PERC oe Learnhud ICT Integrated ECE 5, The imaginary line of an amplitude modulated waveform isknovn as A uppersdeband ©. envelepe bandwidth D. sidebans 6. A tuned circuit of the oscilater in a simple AM tansmiter employs a S0- mmictohenry coil anda t-nanofarad capacitor. If the oscilator output is modulated by an audio frequencies up fo 10 KHz, what isthe trequency range occupied by the sidebands? A. 707 to 717 ke 70510 710kHe ©. 70210 722 kHz D609t0 619 KHz 7. An AM signal with a 40 modulating signal and 50V of carrier fequency and {cartier voltage of 50 vols. What is the peak votags of the upper side frequency? ato ¢.20v B15V D.25v 8. Most ofthe power in an AM signal isin the 3 Carer B. Upper sideband ©. Lower sideband D. Moauiatng signal Solutions here... ReviewESAT ‘Modutation incex ‘+The term used fo DESCRIBE the AMOUNT of AMPLITUDE CHANGE in an AM waveform ‘© Also knovin as Coeficient of Modulation and Depth of Modulation [Val Van =Von “ve Ven + Vnie Current and Voltage Relationship Vs = Vey v fe= total or modulated cu r= talon roduiated va Power Relationship Pr toa or mouate Bandwidth Requirements wot cy He PERC DG Learnhud RNS—Modulation _3 9. Ina dode modulator, the negative hat of he AM wave s supplied by ain) A.Tunedcireuit C. Capacitor B Transformer Inductor 10. Amplitude modulation isthe same as, ‘A. aear mixing B. analog multislexng signal suramation D. muitiplexing 11, The rao of the modutatng signal ‘voltage tothe carrier voltage is called ‘A. modulating freqvency BB, modulation index deviation ratio _trequency deviation 12.1 is the tem used to desorbe the ‘amount of amplitude change preseat in an AN waveform A. sideband B. overmaduation © coefficient of modulation D. peak amplitude ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT 4_2NS—Aedulaton Moduiation By Several signals 13, tis aterm used to descre me amount — of amplitude change present in an AM Va = VV + Vat + Va? + waveform ‘A. coefficient of modulation B. any ofthese depth of modulation 1D. modulation index 14, When the modulaton index in an AM ‘wave 's greater than one & wil cause any ofthese B. splatter © overmadulation D. buck-shot 15. The leeal value of meaulatien inex In AM. At ©. 100 Bo D. infinity ‘Standard AM Transmitter 16. When the ampitude of tte formation Most» unis. in an AM modulator i equal to zero, TT | nat is the value of the modulation ce. Hee HSH “pa index? J == PLS At ©. 100 BD D-innnty wonrnad ee LY oe, [tase Standard AM Detection Diode Envelope Detector Algo called PEAK DETECTOR * DETECTS tne PEAK of the INPUT ENVELOPE and FILTERS the CARRIER, Standard AM Receivers 1 Tuned-Radio Frequency (TRF) 2 SuperHieterodyne Recenvers © PeRCoe Learnhub ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT Tuned-Radio Frequency (TRF) + The SIMPLEST designed radio RECEIVER available today Uy sei | ttn Ff rine Lx ‘Supertieterodyne Recetver + Helerodyne means to mix two frequencies togather in a non-linear devies orto tranelate one frequency te another using nonlinear ming + The gain, selectvity and sensitvty of ‘Supertleterodyne is far more superior than the thor eesivers. Image Frequency Is any frequency other than the selected radio frequency caer that. if allowed to enter a receiver an mi ish local oszilator vill produce a_CROSS-PRODUCT FRQUENCY that is EQUAL TO INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY. i2aF) IF = memesate trequiney n He (52) 1 18, 20 RXS—Modulation The band of frequencies _ thus generated above the cater fs termed A. upper sideband B. Eanawiath ©. lower sideband D. harmonics The information frequency input to an AM modulator is from 5 to 10 kHz, what isis banawiatn? A.20 Kile e108 8 SkHe ase ‘An AM broadcast station operates a its maximum allowed total ouput of SOKW and at 95% modulation. How much of is transmitted power i inteligonce. A365 RVP 50 KW, 8. 15.5kV 3.19 KW ‘The antenna cunent of an AM ‘ranemitter a 128 when unmodulsted but increases to 138 when modulated Caleulate the percent modulation. ASS percent ©. 69 percent . 65 percent D. 59 percent Solutions here... ©) PERC IG Learnhud ICT Integrated ECE Review6_2NS—Aedulaton ESAT Double sideband Suppressed Cairier (0SBSC) DSBSC Equation vit) = TY" cont We colo, +) N Lower 38) Where: Ves eae sina! peak votage in V culating gal ase m= rodulatan nos Current and Voltage Relationship fo 6) PERC oe Learnhud 21. Find the modulation index if a 10V carter fs amplitude-modulated by three ferent frequencies with amplitudes 1V, 2V. and 3V respectively Ao 02 8.0743 Dio3sra 22. In amplitude modulation, when the inteligence is added at the last possible point before the transmiting antenna, tis termed as, [A high-level modulation 2. meciuim-lavel modulation ©. Tow-level modulation D. cathode modulation 23. In 4 lowievel AM system, amplifiers following the medulated siage must be A. linear devices B. dass C amplifiers C. Rarmonic devices D. noninear devices 24. Amplitude medulation can be produced by A, Having the carrer vary a resistance . Having the modulating signal vary 2 capacitance ©. Varying the carrer frequency D_ Varying the gain ofthe ampliter Solutions here.. ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT Power Saving for DSBSC Paw Fy Saving «100% Paw le-Sideband Su SSBSC Equation ressed jer (SSBSC) +0) i= esa Ve cosley —ee)] or J) = conlag om) 0 v N po Current and Voltage Relationship f=] Van PERC DG Learnhud 25 26 21. 28, RNS—Modulation _1 When the medulation takes place prior fo the output clement of the final sage of the transmitter, prior to the eallector of the outpt transistor ina transistorized transmitter, this is called [A high-level modulation 2. low-level modulation © zeremodulation D. constant modulation Amplitude modulators that vay the cartier amplitude with the modulating signal ‘by passing it through an attenuator work on principle of |. Recitation 5. Resonance ©. Variable resistance D. Absorpion {A ccuit which function is to raise the amplitude of the source signal to a Usable level while producing minimam noninear distorion adding ae title thera noise as possitle. ‘A. power amplifier 8. non-linear amplifier ©. buffer ampier D. preampliier Accicuit that has a low-gain, high-input Impedance near ampiter wich is lsed to isolate the oscillator from the bigh-newer amplifier. | power amplifier B. bandpass filter ©. signal crver D. buffer ampiier ICT Integrated ECE ReviewENS-Modulation ESAT Power Relationship Fe bs = Power Saving for SSBSC Saving Pre Prego, Pans woo Prams ‘SSBSC Generation Filter weinoa ‘The SIMPLEST method of generating SSE. ‘Angle Modulation ‘The type of analog modulation in vtich the ANGLE SINUSOIDAL REFERENCE FUNCTION is vatied in accordance with a modulation signal TYPES: 1. FM ~ Frequency Modulation 2. PM Phase Modulation Frequency Modulation (FM) ifis a sysiem in which the AMPLITUDE of the carrer is KEPT CONSTANT, While iis FREQUENCY AND RATE OF CHANGE are VARIED BY THE MODULATING SIGNAL, FM in Frequency end Time Domain - 6) PERC oe Learnhud 29. With high-level ansmiters, which of the fallowing is not a primary function ‘ofthe modulator crcut? A It provides the ciruity necessary {or modulation to cccur B. It'senes as a nal ampimer ©. it serves ae a frequency up- converter D.ltseresas a mer 30. A cltoult that monitors the receWved ‘signal lovel and eonde 3 signal back to the RF and IF amplifiers to adust their gain automatically ‘A aulomatic phase control B. auiomate gain control ©. automatis fraquancy contol D. automatis volume control 31. Areceiver has a dynamic range of 81 5, 1 has 0.53. nV¥sensilivly Detemine the maximum allowable input signal AsomW, ©.79 nw B69 mW D. 83 mW 22, The dioge detector ie alee knovn a2 A envelope detector B. discriminator C. balanced modulator D.latice demodulator |Sotutions here... ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT RXS—Modulation ‘Modulation index ang Deviation Ratio 33, It is @ two-ended slope detectors + MODULATION INDEXis fre RATIO OF connected in. pavalel_ and fed 160 DEVIATION and the MODULATION SIGNAL. degrees out of phase. * DEVIATION RATIO is he RATIO OF THE A balanced slope detector MAXIMUM DEVIATION over the MAXIMUM quadrature detector MODULATING FREQUENCY single-ended slope detector D Fester-Seeley discrimnaior 8 tn 34. The simplest and the most widely = used amplitude demodulator lo ~ fam ‘A balanced modulators, Soma B diode detector © discriminator Percentage Modulation Deamees The percentage value of the ACTUAL and MAXIMUM eR AS a SG Sela FREQUENCY DEVIATION 8 Siittercoravonate poor 5: tel A blocking Bae B diversity eception . double-spoting D sensitivity Bandwidth Requirement Carson's Rule [EW = 20m + 0 36. The siruit that damedulates the AM wave and converts it to the original [Bw = 205+] infomaton signal ‘A Power ampifier . Detector Bandwidth Requirement NOFM and WOrM B Local Oscilator IF section ae 37. itadists the cain ofthe intermediate frequency stages in response to the [ew [w= arty] strength of the receved signal, providing for weak signa FM Generation AAFC ©. Age 1 Direct Methoos B.APC 0. PLL 2. Indirect Methods Direct Method Varaclor Diode Modulator ‘An FM generator utlizing a veltage variable capactor diode. © VCOs are FIM circuits in vhich continuous vatable changes in frequency are provided by the varactor dioge, ©) PERC IG Learnhud ICT Integrated ECE Review10 _BNS—Modulation ESAT Indirect Methods Armstrong Modulator ‘© Anindrect method of generatng FM using a crystal oscillator for frequency stability with a phase-modulated buffer stage. fH te EM Detection Slope-Detoctor ‘Phase Locked Loop FM Outpu AF ip on Slope Detector ‘© A frequency-modulates signals fedto a cecut that is tuned to receive the signal in the slope of the response curve ‘+The FM signal is CONVERTED into AM, the ‘modulating signals converted from its AM form from normal envelope detectr. Phase Locked Loop ‘The SIMPLEST and the EASEST to understand FM detector. + The PLL frequency demodulator requires no ‘unea e1rcurs ana automancaly compensates for changes in the carier frequency duc to instabiity n the transmit oscillator PLL Functional Blocks to — Fatt vate fe | seine 6) PERC oe Learnhud 38 29 40 a 2 A recelver parameter tat Is used 10 reasure the abilly of the receiver to accept a given band of frequencies and reject all others. 2. selectivity © Gractor ©. sersitvity 1 banaviatn Ite the mimum RF signal level that can be detected af the input to the receiver and stil produce a usable (emodulated information egal 2. selectivity ©. G-tactar sensitvly D bandwith Receiver sensitivity also known as A pnc-of| 1. threshold ©. compression point D. shoct-of paint tis the input power ange over wnicn the receiver ie uoetul &. dmamie range E, noise igure . bandwicth efficiency 1D banewacth improvement i defined as the diference in Gecivels between the minimum input level necessary fo ciscem the signal and the input level Mat wil overcive the receiver and produce distortion & dmamie range , noise figure . bandwiath effeiency 1 banewactn improvement ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT PlLLs Key Parameter Lock Range Defined as the RANGE OF FREQUENCIES in the vicinity othe VCO’s NATURAL FREQUENCY over which the PLL ean MAINTAIN LOCK wih an input signal Capture Range Itis defined 28 the BAND OF FREQUENCIES in the vicinity of the natural frequency where the PLL can ESTABLISH OR ACQUIRE LOCK with an input signal EMCircuits Pre-Emphasis. ‘+ APre-emphasis is 2 HIGH-PASS FILTER ‘© Pre-empnasis network proviges a corstant inctease in the ampitude of the modulating signal withthe increase in frequency De-emphasis ‘+A De-emphasis networt is a LOW-PASS FILTER The reverse of Pre.emphasis; restores the original ampliude-versus-requency characteratics te the information signal. Phase Modulation = Itie a eystom which the PHASE OF THE CARRIER is VARIED in ACCORDANCE with the INSTANTANEOUS AMPLITUDE ofthe MODULATING SIGNAL. Modulation Equation MOV. coso.t rocosont Vex comer signa peak voit Vi. modulating signal peak vtiage a V are signa’ angular Hequeny in radlsee ‘m= Modulating signal angular trea 2 = phase deviaton p= phase proportionalty constant 43 44 45 46 RNS—Modulation _11 Is any trequeney other tnan Selested radio frequency carrier that, if allowed to enter a receiver and mic iti the local escilater, will procuce 2 cross-product frequency that is qual tothe intermediate Frequency. A. image frequency B intermediate frequency C. aliasing frequency D. ghost It is equivalent to a second radio frequency that wal produce an IF that wil interfere wit he IF from the Gesied radio trequency, #, alasing frequency 1. image frequency © interference D. intermediate frequency Wt is a numencal measure ot tne ‘billy ef tho procelector to roject tho image frequency. ‘A. image flequency rejection ratio E. noise figure (C. numencal aperture DB. eignalte-noiae ratio tis caused by poor frontend selectivity or inadequate image- fequency rejection 2. optimal coupling double spotting ©. spurious peintng under coupling ©) PERC IG Learnhud ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT PM in Frequency and Time Domain 47. Mt me camer of a 100 percent modulated AM wave ie suppressed, ‘he percentage power saving willbe red no cis) 100 D666 48. A circuit that goneratse a doublo- sideband suppressed carrier = Acfiter q B. mixer A C. balances moaulator D. loca! ocilator 12_BNS—Modulation Phase Deviation and Modulation index 48. The simplest system of eliminating a =a sideband of a DSB to produce an 558 signa. ea new] ‘A fitermethod B third method C. phase shifi method Demodulation D. weaver method ‘the process by which the modulating signal is recovered rom me modulates camer 50. A phace-lecked loop hes 2 VCO with = Sones 2 fee-tunning frequency of 12 Me As the frequency of the reference Capture effect input gradually raised from zero, The inherent abiy of FM to minimize the effet of fhe ooo lecks at 10 maiz ana comes undesired signals (noise), also apples to ne reception of Saket Ok Snaiesd 1S WERE? VS. a strongest signal or satons ond minimising thor elock roe? ie Signals operating onthe same frequency A Aiie Ga ie Pre emphasis The boosting ofthe higher modulating frequencies atthe ransmiller, in accordance with the pre ~atranged curve ta improve noise immunity at FM and preven! the higher frequency component of the transmitted intelicence being degraced. Solutions here... De-emphasis Reducng the amplitude of the higher medulating frequencies at the receiver to the same amount as it was before the pre — emphasis circuit ‘The pre “emphasis and de — emphasis networks have a time ‘constant of 75 1s (150 ls for Europe 25 ps for Doby) and acut— off frequency of 2122 Hz © PeRCoe Learnhub ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT 15 Answers to this exercise will be posted. 1. transmitter gonerates an LSB signal wih carrier frequency of 8 MHz What ‘requency will appear at the output with 2 Single-tone modulating signal with a frequency of 35 kHz? ‘87.9965 WHE c. 7.998 Hz B45 MHz D6 MHZ 2. R3E modulation ie sometimes used to A allow the recever a have a ‘tequency synthesizer B.simpity tne frequency stablty problem inrecepion “reduce the power that must be ‘ransmitted D. reduce the bandwidth requires for ‘ransmssion 3. Which ofthe folowing is nat an advantage of SSB? A The spectrum space is just as much as \with conventional AM and DSB. Ball the power thal was previously ‘devoted to the carrier and other tideband canbe channeledinto the single sideband C. Since SSB signal has less bandwidth than an AM or a DSB signal there is less D. SSB experiences less fading then an Al signal 4. tn 880, the transmiter oviput power is expressed in terms of A instantaneous 5 PEP ©. average D. any of these 5. A filer4y/pe SSB generator uses an ideal bandaaee fiter wih a center frequency of 5.0 MHz and a bandwidth of 2.7 kHz. What frequency should be used for the cartier oscilator i te generator is to produce a USB signal with a baseband frequency response having 3 lower limt of 280 Hz ‘A. 4898:37 KH: 5001.35 kHz B 4596.65 KH D. 5001.63 kHE PERC DG Learnhud RNS—Modulation _13 If avoice signal exiends from 300 Hz fo 3 ieHe the banewicth using SSB is ALB KHz ©. 3 KHz 5.27 kHe D.12kHe [A voice signals produces a 120-V peab-to Deak signal across a 50-ohm load. The Deak envelope power then is 4.4242 W c.60W saa D sew The peak voltage is 25 V is transmited across a load of 50 ohms using SSB hat is the peak envelope power? A125 cosy a4sv Dezsv Wit. single-sideband full cartier, 100% ‘modulation would mean a carrier power of how many percent of the total ransmitec power? A 80% © 50% 8.20% D.40% It a form of ampituge moculction in which one sideban¢ is totally removed ane the canier voltage is reduced to approximately 10% of ts unmoduleted amolitude A. Independent SBC. SSHRC 2. SSEFC D.ssEsc Iti the rms power developed at the crest of fe modulation envelope of SSBSC. A Carter power 2. Total transmitted power © Sideband power D. Peak envelope power | ype of medulation whenever the phase Anglo of einuscidal wave ie varied with respect totime ‘A. amplitude modulation B. pulse modulation © aigial mocutation D. angle moculation He developed the frst successful FU radio system ABE. Alpine 8.NS Kapany CEH. Armstrong D.AC. Van Hool ICT Integrated ECE Review14 _BNS—Nodulation ESAT 14, Results whenever the phase angle of sinusoidal wave is varied with respect to time. ‘A. angle modulation Balgita! modulation © amplitude modulaton D pulse meduation 16, In the spectrum of a frequency-modulated A the carror froquency disappear ‘the modulaion index is large B. the amplitude of any sideband depends ‘on the modulation index . tne total numoer ot suebanas sepenss on the modulafon index D the carrier fequensy cannot disappear hen 16. A type of angle modulation where the Instantaneous Trequency of the camer Is ‘caused to vary by an amount proporional tothe modulating signal amplitude ‘A phase modulation B. pulse medulation ampitude modulaton D frequency modulation 17. The relative displacement of the carrot frequency in respect to its unmodulated value Is called A froquonoy deviation B amplitude modulation C. phase deviation D. deviation ratio 18. The poak-t-poak frequoney dviation io ‘sometimes called ‘A frequency deviation B carrier swing € phase deviation D deviation seneisvity 19, An FM broadoast-oand signal has a carrier ‘swing of 100 kHz, what is its percent mogulaton? ATS B 6mm ©. 90% 50% 6) PERC oe Learnhud 2 22, 2 24 25, Determine the devistion ratio forthe wort case modulation index for an FM broadcast bard transmiter with 2 rmacimum frequency deviation of 75 kHz anc a. maximum modulating signa frequency of 15 kHz AS Bt c2 DS What 1s te panawitn of a trequency modulated signal with a froquency Geviation of 159 kHz and a modulating signal frequency of 30 kHz using Carson's rule? A. 420 Kr 8.300 kite 130 Kez D960 Kitz An FM broadcast transmitter operates at its maximum deriaton of 75 kHz. Find the ‘modulation index for sinusciga ‘modulating signal with frequency of $0 Hz, AS. © 20 8. 1500 D.2500 AN FM signal nas a deviation of 3 ke1z ane 23 modulating frequency of 1 kHE. What is the approximate bandurath using Carson's rule? ALT kHz 516 KHZ c.4 kHz Dg KHz An FM signal has 2 frequency deviation of 5 kHz and a modulating frequency of ‘kHz. The signal-to-no'se rato af the input lo bie fecelver detector is 20 dB. Calculate ‘ho approximate signal-to-noise ratio atthe detector cutput A468 8.5068 c.1605 D.340B, [An FM dotostor producos a peak to-poak oubbut votage of 12 V from an FM signa that is modulated to 10 KH2 deviation by 2 sine wave. What is the detector sensitty? A 40 wie c.souvis B60 Viti D 7ouviHe: ICT Integrated ECE ReviewESAT 26. Oscilaters whose trequencies are controlled by an extemal input volage are often referred fo as, A Voltage variable capacitors BVO ©. PLL D Reactance modulator 27. A detector that extracts the ofginal Informaton signal trom tne compost IF waveform by multiplying two quadrature signals A coincidence detector B. phase locked loop G.rano aetector D slope detector 28. A special circuits allowing the unwanted amplituce variations to be removed in an Fis system. A liniter B avietng ©. attenuator D- capturing 29. The improvement in the signal-to-noise ratios calles AFM thresholing BEM capture effect FM quieting Dany of these 30, Ina raf detoctor A the Inearty is worse than in a phase diseriminator B. stablization against signal_ strength Vatlalors is provided C. tho cutput io twice that obtainable from the similar hase discriminator D. the citut is the same as in a discrminator, except that the diodes are reverses 31, Another name Capacitors A PIN diode © Varactor atone © Snap diode D Hot carrer diode for Voliage Vatiatle ©) PERC IG Learnhud 22 33, 24 28 36, 37 38 RNS—Modulation _18 Which of the following is the simplest form of tuned.crcuit frequency diseriminstor? A Foster Seeley discriminator 8. Rato detector © Slope detector D. PLU detector It is. simply two single-ended slope detectors connected in paralle and fed 180 degrees out ot phase. A. Foster Seslay discriminator 8 Quadrature detector ©. Balanced slope generator PLL detector The frequency change in enystaloscilator produced by a varacior diode is A. zero C medium 8. small D large Which of the following tuncé-cicut frequency discriminator & relatively immune fo amplitude variations in is input signal? A. allo detector 8. slope detector © balanced slope detector D. quadrature detector The small equency change produced by 18 phaco modulator can bo increased by using a(n) amplifier mixer frequency muttiptier D.frequenoy divider In FM recsivere, limiters produce 2 constantamplitude output of all signals above a prescribed minimum input level called A. teshak 8. capture lovel el C. quieting level Dany ot thea The inherent ability of FI to diminish the effects of interfering signa’ is caled A capture erect noice aupproscion © adjacent channel reecton D. amplitude imiting ICT Integrated ECE Review16 _BNS—Modlation ESAT 29. A ental oscilator whose frequency can be changed by an input voltage is called a(n) Aveo ©. VFO BVA D. VHF 40 of an FM recsiver isthe minimum GE dfference signal strength between two received signals necessary for the capture ‘effect to suppress the weaker signal ‘A.capture effect C. capture ratio B capture gain D capture loss 44. The band of frequencies over which @ PLL wil acquite or recognize an input signal is called the A. Cireut bandwidth B Capture range C. Band of acceptance D Leck range 42. Decreasing the input frequency to be locked PLL will cause the VCO output to A decrease BB inerease remains constant D jump to the free-running tecuency 43. The range of frequencies over which a PLL wil track input signal vanations 1s kkrown 20 the A Circuit bandaicth B Capture range C. Band of acceptance D Leck range 44. Over a narow range of frequencies, the PLL acts ike a A Low-pass fiter B Bandpass mer C. Tunable oscillator D Frequency modulator 45. The output of a PLL frequency ‘Gemoaulater Is taken from the Alowpasefitor ©. phase detector B vco none of hese 6) PERC oe Learnhud 45. Both FM and PM are types of what kind of ‘modulation? A amplitude © angle B phase D.duiy cycle 47. What circuit compensates forhigher phase Shit and ‘tecuency deviation a the higher ‘modulating frequencies to preduce indect FM? A. high-passmiter CG. fov-pass mer 8. Emiter phase ohio 48. The relative angular displacement of the carier phase in radians vith respect to the reference pnase is called |A. phase deviation 8 carrer deviafion C.frequency deviation D. information deviation 49, ite the instantancous change in phase of the cartier at a given instant of fime and indicates how much phase ofthe carer is changing with respect ‘0 is reference phase. [A instantaneous frequency 8 instantaneous frequency deviation . instantaneous phase -mstantaneous phase deviation 50. Maximum frequoney deviation of a PM. signal occurs at A. zero-crossing points 8. peak positive amplitudes © peak negative ampitude Peak postive and negative amplitude Eat For more practice problems, you ean use PMN. ESAT: + Seotion 2.4 AM Fundamentala + Section 2 2FM_& PN Fundamentals + Section 2.3.2.6 Transmitters & Receivers ICT Integrated ECE Review