` The efficacy of Citrofortunellamicrocarpa (Calamansi) peel extract

against fruitfly larvae

 Chapter 1

Introduction

Insects are undesired animals that have a history of living, invading, causing

damage, eating human foods, acting as disease vectors or causing other harms in

human habitation they can possibly transport microbes on their body surfaces

including those that are potentially dangerous to humans, particularly the

environments such as hospital. (Wigglesworth ,2019).

Drosophila melanogaster or commonly known as fruit fly is a small, common

fly found near unripe and rotted fruit. (dangers or health risk brought about by fruit

flies and potential impact of fruit flies)

Calamansi is a small orange, with skin and flesh that are green in color. The

pulp of lime taste sour and the fruit contains twice the amount of juice as the

yellow,larger lemon. Calamansi has several alternative uses. It lightens your skin,

good as mouth wash and can cure coughs. It is also helpful upon dealing with

hangover, it maintains kidney health and lowers body cholesterol. (Benedict et al.

2014).

According to Marilla Mulwane, citrus fruits also contain ingredients that kill or

repel pests. An example of this citrus fruit as insecticide is calamansi. Calamansi is

chosen for this research at it is found to contain phenolic compounds for example

caffeic, coumaric acid and sinapic acid which play a role as natural antimicrobial

agents and are fat free, sodium free and cholesterol free. They contain

carbohydrates, fibers, vitamin C, potassium, folic acid , calcium , riboflavin, thiamine,

niacin, vitamin B6, copper, phosphorus, magnesium, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and

other varieties of phytochemicals.(Anzaldo &Briones, 1993).

 The study aims to find out the effectiveness of using Calamansi peel extract to

inhibit the growth rate of fruit fly larvae.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the efficacy of Citrofortunellamicrocarpa (Calamansi)

peel extract against fruit fly larvae.

Specifically, this research will seek to answer the following questions:

1. Does the amount of Calamansi peel extract affect the growth rate of fruit fly

larvae?

2. Is there a significant difference on the growth rate of fruit fly larvae in different

amount of calamansi peel extract?

Hypothesis

There is significant difference on the growth rate of fruit fly larvae in different

amount of calamansi peel extract.

Significance of the study

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of Calamansi peel extract

against fruit fly larvae. This may also benefit the people to avail natural and

less expensive insecticide. Using the extract has lesser health risks compared

to commercial ones. The materials needed for this study is also readily

available within the household or even in the surrounding.

Scope and Delimitations

The researchers will only focus on the production of extracts from calamansi

peel against fruit fly larvae. A test will be conducted using the calamansi peel extract

to prove its ability as an effective fruit fly larvae growth inhibitor. Fruit fly larvae will

be used to prove the product and not to test other insects.

Definition of Terms

Fruit fly larvae-

Calamansi peel

Efficacy-

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Research on this and include in your chapter 2

Calamansi description, properties and etc.

Citrus fruit peels

Calamansi pulp as Insecticide against cockroach

Onion and Calamansi extraxt as onion killer

Add Other literature or studies. Palihog magesearch kag mgbasa kay indi

kamo kahimo if TAMAD KAMO MG BASA