Active Voice And Passive Voice Notes

Active Voice & Passive Voice

‫۔‬嵗 䅋 㷨 ‫ ا⤔ل‬峭 䉺ⓥ 㐓㖵 㷨 ‫اور اس‬嵗 ㏴㖵He  啵 ‫ے‬㚓 ‫ اس‬He writes a letter.  ࿀‫ر‬㊓ 㺸 ‫ل‬䵠‫ ۔‬嵗 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ ا⤔ل‬䉺ⓥ 㐓㖵 㷨 ㏴㖵Active voice㖵F
 ‫اور‬嵗 䅋 㷨 ‫ ا⤔ل‬Him 䉺ⓥ 䬉冔 㷨 He啵 ‫ے‬㚓 ‫س‬ǔ ‫ ا‬A letter is written by him. 㲁ῇ‫۔‬嵗 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ ا⤔ل‬䉺ⓥ 䬉冔 㷨 ㏴㖵 啵Passive voice
Ǖ
ǔ ơǎƹŎƟƲ ǎ ٰ ‫ے‬㚓 ‫ت‬㞑‫ृ او‬嵗 䅏徉‫ ૾ د‬㏴㖵 㱾(a letter) ‫ل‬冔
‫''۔‬嵗Ꮉ᱑ 徉㲢 ‫ ''آم‬㲁ῇ‫۔‬嵗 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 啵 Passive voice Ƽ ‫ ᦵا‬㷨 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸 ‫ح‬㈲  ‫اس‬ᠢ Ꮉ峤 媎 ‫د‬Ṏ吴 ㏴㖵 ҥ 
Ǖ ǔ
ǔ ơǎƹŎƟƲ
‫۔‬嵗 䅏㷩Translate 啵Passive voice ‫ہ‬㚓 䆨‫ وا‬抁 The mango is eaten.‫۔‬䅎峤 ‫ح‬㈲ ‫ اس‬Ƽ ‫ ᦵا‬㷨 ‫ اس‬䰋 ‫ اس‬嵗 媎 ‫د‬Ṏ吴 ㏴㖵 啵 ‫ے‬㚓 ‫اس‬
嵉 抁 ‫ر‬㥃 愒㈲ ‫ں اور‬懀Ꮖ 䬉‫ وا‬嬸峤 啵 Passive voice঎傑 㺸Tenses
Present Indefinite Tense
‫۔‬嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج ذ‬ᠢ峤 嗚૾ Passive voice  㥃 Present indefinite 㽻‫ا‬
Object (subjective case)+ is/am/are + verb (3rd form) + by + subject(objective case)
‫ ۔‬嵉 忕‫ ૾د‬subject 㱾object  㺸Active voice
He writes a letter. (A.V)
A letter is written by him .(P.V)

‫۔‬嵉 忕‫૾د‬object  㱾subject  ‫۔ اور‬嵉 ᥢ䟣by  ᡀ⡜ 㺸  ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫  ورب‬ी 㺸 ‫  اس‬، is/am/are 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸  subject

He writes a letter. (A.V)
A letter is written by him. (P.V)
‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣not  ी 㺸 is/am/ are㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ᠢ峤  嗚૾ 厸 㥃 passive voice 㽻‫ح ا‬㈲ ⴣ‫ا‬
嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ ا‬㱾 ᣴᔊ 㷨 ‫ے‬㚓 㣰‫܉‬، 嵉 ᥢ‫ آ‬䰍 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㱾is/am/are 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬㞺‫ و‬ᥢ૾ 䯾‫اور Ⳣا‬
Object (subjective case)+ is/am/are +not+ verb (3rd form) + by + subject(objective case)
He does not write a letter. (A.V)
A letter is not written by him. (P.V , Negative)

is/am/are+ Object (subjective case)+ verb (3 rd form) + by + subject(objective case)

Does he write a letter?(A.V)
Is a letter written by him? (P.V , Interrogative)

࿀ ‫ر‬㊓ 㺸 ‫ل‬䵠‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 ‫ ا⤔ل‬subject ‫ر‬ण 㱾 愡‫ ا‬㩴 ⸞ 啵 ‫ ان‬ᠢ ‫ں‬峤 objects ‫ دو‬啵 ‫ے‬㚓 㩴 㽻‫ا‬

He writes a letter to me. (A.V)

A letter is written by him to me. (P.V)
He sends a book to me.(A.V)
A book is sent by him to me .(P.V)

嵗 ‫ت‬囑 ‫ راہ‬峭 ‫ز‬娚 ⽁ ๵ Sir Saleem Shah

Active Voice And Passive Voice Notes
Present Continuous Tense
嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Present continuous tense  㽻‫ا‬
Object (Subjective Case)+Is/Am/Are+Being+Verb 3rd +By+ Subject (Objective Case)

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣being  ᡀ⡜ 㺸 Is/am/are 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject 嵉 ᥢ䟣  ᇆ ‫اور‬by  ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫ ورب‬ी ⬍‫ا‬

He is writing a letter.(A.V)
A letter is being written by him. (P.V)

 㞺‫  و‬ᥢ૾  䯾‫ ۔اور  Ⳣا‬嵉  ᥢ㨱  㜍ㅨ‫  ا‬㥃not being ᡀ⡜  㺸is/am/are  㙬  ‫ادى‬人‫  ا‬ᠢ峤  嗚૾  厸  㽻‫ا‬
‫۔‬嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ و‬ᣴᔊ 㣰‫۔܉‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㺸 ‫ے‬㚓 㱾Is/am/are 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ا‬

Object (Subjective Case)+Is/Am/Are+not+Being+Verb 3 rd +By+ Subject (Objective Case)

He is not writing a letter. (A.V)
A letter is not being written by him.(P.V , negative)
Is/Am/Are+ Object (Subjective Case)+Being+Verb 3 rd +By+ Subject (Objective Case)
Is he writing a letter? (A.V)
Is a letter being written by him? (P.V , interrogative)
Present Perfect Tense
嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Present perfect tense  㽻‫ا‬
Object (Subjective Case)+has been/have been +Verb 3 rd +By+ Subject (Objective Case)

 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫ ورب‬ी ⬍‫۔ ا‬嵉 ᥢ䟣Has been /Have been 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾subject  ‫اور‬by  ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵

He has written a letter. (A.V)

A letter has been written by him. (P.V)

 㺸  ‫ے‬㚓  㱾  㙬  ‫ادى‬人‫  ا‬㞺‫  و‬ᥢ૾  䯾‫۔اور  Ⳣا‬嵉  ᥢ䟣  Has not been/Have not been  㙬  ‫ادى‬人‫  ا‬㞺‫  و‬ᥢ૾  厸
䆎 承‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ و‬㱾 ᣴᔊ passive voice 㷨 ‫ے‬㚓 㣰‫۔܉‬嵉 ᥢ‫ آ‬䰍 啵 ‫⻑وع‬

Object (Subjective Case)+has not been/have not been +Verb 3 rd +By+ Subject (Objective Case)
He has not written a letter.(A.V) A letter has not been written by him.(P.V)
rd
Has/Have + Object (Subjective Case)+ been +Verb 3 +By+ Subject (Objective Case)
Has he written a letter?(A.V) Has a letter been written by him? (P.V)

嵗 ‫ت‬囑 ‫ راہ‬峭 ‫ز‬娚 ⽁ ๵ Sir Saleem Shah

Active Voice And Passive Voice Notes
Past Indefinite Tense
嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Past Indefinite Tense  㽻‫ا‬
Object (subjective case) + was/were + verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)

 ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫  اور  ورب‬،was/ were 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject  ‫ ۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 by
He wrote a letter. (A.V)
A letter was written by him. (P.V)

 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬㞺‫ و‬ᥢ૾ 䯾‫ ۔اور Ⳣا‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 㜍ㅨ‫ ا‬㥃not ᡀ⡜ 㺸Was/Were 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ᠢ峤 嗚૾ 厸 㽻‫ا‬

‫۔‬嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ و‬ᣴᔊpassive  㣰‫۔܉‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㺸 ‫ے‬㚓 㱾Was/Were 㙬

Object (subjective case) + was/were+not + verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)

He did not write a letter.(A.V) A letter was not written by him.(P.V)

was/were +Object (subjective case)+ verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case)

Did he write a letter? (A.V) Was a letter written by him? (P.V)

Past Continuous Tense

嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Past Continuous Tense  㽻‫ا‬

Object (subjective case) + was/were +being+ verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case)

 㷨 ‫  اور  ورب‬،being ᡀ⡜ 㺸 was/ were 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject  ‫ ۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 by ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ

He was writing a letter. (A.V)

A letter was being written by him. (P.V)

 㙬  ‫ادى‬人‫  ا‬㞺‫  و‬ᥢ૾  䯾‫ ۔اور  Ⳣا‬嵉 ᥢ㨱  㜍ㅨ‫  ا‬㥃not being ᡀ⡜  㺸Was/Were 㙬  ‫ادى‬人‫  ا‬ᠢ峤  嗚૾  厸  㽻‫ا‬
‫۔‬嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ و‬ᣴᔊpassive  㣰‫۔܉‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㺸 ‫ے‬㚓 㱾Was/Were

Object (subjective case) + was/were +not+being+ verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)

He was not writing a letter.(A.V) A letter was not being written by him.(P.V)
was/were + Object (subjective case) +being+ verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)
Was he writing a letter? (A.V) Was a letter being written by him? (P.V)

嵗 ‫ت‬囑 ‫ راہ‬峭 ‫ز‬娚 ⽁ ๵ Sir Saleem Shah

Active Voice And Passive Voice Notes
Past Perfect Tense

嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Past Perfect Tense  㽻‫ا‬

Object (subjective case) + Had +been+ verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)

 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫  اور  ورب‬،been ᡀ⡜ 㺸Had  㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject  ‫ ۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 by ᡀ⡜ 㺸

He had written a letter. (A.V)

A letter had been written by him. (P.V)

 㱾Had  㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬㞺‫ و‬ᥢ૾ 䯾‫ ۔اور Ⳣا‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 㜍ㅨ‫ ا‬㥃not been ᡀ⡜ 㺸Had 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ᠢ峤 嗚૾ 厸 㽻‫ا‬

‫۔‬嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ و‬ᣴᔊpassive  㣰‫۔܉‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㺸 ‫ے‬㚓

Object (subjective case) + Had not been+ verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case) ‫ﻣﻧﻔﯽ‬
He had not written a letter.(A.V) A letter had not been written by him.(P.V)
Had + Object (subjective case) +been+ verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case)
Had he written a letter? (A.V) Had a letter been written by him? (P.V)

Future Indefinite Tense

嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Future Indefinite  㽻‫ا‬

Object (subjective case) + Will be / Shall be+ verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case)

 㷨 ‫  اور  ورب‬،be ᡀ⡜ 㺸Will/Shall 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject  ‫ ۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 by ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ
He will write a letter. (A.V)
A letter will be written by him. (P.V)
 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬㞺‫ و‬ᥢ૾ 䯾‫ ۔اور Ⳣا‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 㜍ㅨ‫ ا‬㥃Will not be/Shall not be ᡀ⡜ 㺸 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ᠢ峤 嗚૾ 厸 㽻‫ا‬
‫۔‬嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ ر‬峭 悎‫ و‬ᣴᔊpassive  㣰‫۔܉‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㺸 ‫ے‬㚓 㱾Will/Shall 㙬

Object (subjective case) + Will not be / Shall not be+ verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case) ‫ﻣﻧﻔﯽ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯾﮯ‬
He will not write a letter.(A.V) A letter will not be written by him.(P.V)
Will / Shall +Object (subjective case) + be + verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case)‫ﺳواﻟﯾہ ﮐﮯ ﻟﯾﮯ‬

Will he write a letter? (A.V) Will a letter be written by him? (P.V)

嵗 ‫ت‬囑 ‫ راہ‬峭 ‫ز‬娚 ⽁ ๵ Sir Saleem Shah

Active Voice And Passive Voice Notes
Future Perfect Tense

嵉 ᣲ᱑ 㷨 ‫ں‬懀Ꮖ 憗‫ درج  ذ‬ᠢ 峤 嗚㨱 憗Ꮖ ٰ啵 Passive voice 㱾 ‫ے‬㚓 㺸Future Perfect  㽻‫ا‬

Object (subjective case) + Will have been / Shall have been+ verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)

 ،Will have been/Shall Have been  㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject  ‫ ۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 by ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫اور  ورب‬

He will have written a letter. (A.V)

A letter will have been written by him. (P.V)

Will not have been/Shall not have been  ᡀ⡜ 㺸 㙬 ‫ادى‬人‫ ا‬ी 㺸 ‫ اس‬،嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵 subject 㱾Object

‫۔‬嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵object  㱾 subject  ‫ ۔‬嵉 ᥢ䟣 by ᡀ⡜ 㺸 ‫رم‬㖵 ‫ى‬ᤗ 㷨 ‫  اور  ورب‬،

Object (subjective case) + Will not have been / Shall not have been+ verb 3 rd + by +subject (objective case)

He will have not written a letter.(A.V) A letter will not have been written by him.(P.V)
Will/Shall + Object (subjective case) + have been + verb 3rd + by +subject (objective case)
Will he have written a letter?(A.V) Will a letter have been written by him.(P.V)

 㥃 Future Continuous ‫⫎ ۔اور‬᱑ 很૾ 媎Passive Voice 㺸Perfect Continuous  㺸 Present , Past , Future

‫۔‬Ꮉ峤 媎 ‫  ا⤔ل‬啵 ᯟPassive Voice

Imperative Sentences

ǎ ٰ ‫وں‬㚓 ‫ ۔ان‬㑵勽 ‫ ◼ اور‬嵉 ᥢ峤 㺸 ‫ح‬㈲ ‫ے دو‬㚓 抁
.嵗 Ꮉ᱑ 徉ຩ ‫ل‬冔 ‫ف ورب اور‬エ 啵 ‫۔ان‬嵗 ᣲ峤 ‫رم ا⤔ل‬㖵 ᄷ 㷨 ‫ ورب‬࿀ ‫ر‬㊓ ‫م‬㌑ ҥ 
Let+ object +be +verb 3rd 嵉 ᥢ㨱 憗Ꮖ ⸞ ᣴᔊ ‫ اس‬㱾 ‫وں‬㚓 ◼  ‫ہ۔ ان‬㖓‫ و‬Open the door . Don’t open the door. 㲁ῇ
Let+ object +not+be +verb 3rd  Ꮋ ⸞ 嬸㨱 㺸 ‫م‬㥃 㩴 很᱑ 㷩 厨 㽻‫ا‬

Open the door (A.V)

Let the door be opened .(P.V)

Do not open the door. (A.V)

Let the door not be opened.(P.V)

嵗 ‫ت‬囑 ‫ راہ‬峭 ‫ز‬娚 ⽁ ๵ Sir Saleem Shah

Active Voice And Passive Voice Notes
Use Of Wh-Words

 啵 ‫ ⻑وع‬㺸 ‫ے‬㚓 㱾 ‫ ا ن‬㞺‫ و‬ᥢ૾Passive voice  ᠢ 徃᱑‫  آ‬What , When , Where  㲁ῇ ‫ظ‬䚵‫ ا‬䯾‫ Ⳣا‬啵 ‫ے‬㚓 㩴 㽻‫ا‬

 峭 悎‫ و‬ᣴᔊPassive voice 㣰‫ ܉‬嵉 忕‫ د‬㨱 憗Ꮖ 啵By whome  㱾 ‫ اس‬ᠢ 很᱑‫ آ‬Who  啵Active voice 㽻‫۔ ا‬嵉 ᥢ‫ آ‬䰍
‫۔‬嵉 忕‫ د‬峣‫ر‬

Why were they beating the thief? (A.V)

Why was the thief being beaten by them? (P.V)

Why did she write a letter?(A.V)

Why was a letter written by her?(P.V)

When is he mending the chair?(A.V)

When is the chair being mended by him?(P.V)

Who was knocking at the door?(A.V)

By whome the door was being knocked?(P.V)

‫۔‬䆎 徃ຩ ⯞ ⸞ 感㈲  ୩ 㱾 䉺ⓥ (objective)䬉冔 ‫(اور‬subjective) 㐓㖵 㷨 Personal Pronoun‫د ⸞ آپ‬人 㷨 ᭠ 憗‫درج ذ‬

䉺ⓥ 㐓㖵Subjective State 䉺ⓥ 䬉冔Objective state

啵I (䶵)Me
 屨We (岫)Us
ᝮYou (ឫ)You
Ǖ ǔǘ
He(㨱亽،‫)وہ‬,She(Җ吴 ،‫ )وہ‬,It(‫ن‬᱑ ๵،‫ر‬婧᱑ 抁) ( ⸞‫)ا‬, it,( ⸞‫)ا‬Her  ،( ⸞‫)ا‬Him
They(ᶶ) ‫وہ‬ 㱾 ‫ان‬/媎‫ا‬Them

“Practice makes a man perfect”

嵗 ‫ت‬囑 ‫ راہ‬峭 ‫ز‬娚 ⽁ ๵ Sir Saleem Shah