World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.

Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway

Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
2
Nature of Inquiry and Research
(Module 1)

Subject Teacher: Angel Mae B. Janayan

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates an understanding of:

1|Page PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2- MODULE 1

 World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.
Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway
Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

1. the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative

research;
2. the importance of quantitative research across fields; and
3. the nature of variables.

Performance Standard: The learner is able to decide on suitable quantitative

research in different areas of interest.

Learning Competencies: The learner:

1. describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research;
2. illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields; and
3. differentiates kinds of variables and their uses.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
 describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research;
 illustrate the importance of quantitative research across fields; and
 differentiate the kinds of variables and their uses; and
 value the importance of quantitative research across fields.

✍ WARM-UP!
INSTRUCTIONS: Read carefully each statement and match Column A with
Column B. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
sheet of paper.

Column A

__1. A systematic investigation for

information Column B
__2. Defined as seeking for truth,
information or knowledge a. Curiosity
__3. A type of educational research
in which the researcher b. Inquiry
analyzes numbers using
statistics c. Laboratory
__4. A type of educational research
in which the researcher d. Qualitative
collects data consisting largely
of words e. Quantitative
__5. A type of research where
research is done in a f. Research
controlled environment

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 World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.
Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway
Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

LET’S TACKLE IT!

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering

quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques. Quantitative research collects information from existing and
potential customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys,
online polls, and questionnaires, for example.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS

 Structured tools
 Sample size
 Close-ended questions
 Prior studies
 Quantitative data
 Generalization of results

ADVANTAGES/STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Can be tested and checked

2. Straightforward analysis
3. Prestige
4. Collect reliable and accurate data
5. Numbers do not lie
6. Quick data collection
7. Wider scope of data analysis
8. Eliminate bias

DISADVANTAGES/WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Improper Representation of the Target Population

2. Lack of Resources for Data Collection
3. Inability to Control the Environment
4. Limited Outcomes in a Quantitative Research
5. Expensive and time consuming
6. Difficulty in data analysis
7. Requirement of Extra Resources to Analyze the Results

KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS:

Survey Research is the most fundamental tool for all quantitative outcome
research methodologies and studies. Surveys used to ask questions to a
sample of respondents, using various types such as online polls, online
surveys, paper questionnaires, web-intercept surveys, etc. Every small and big
organization intends to understand what their customers think about their
products and services, how well are new features faring in the market and
other such details.

Cross-sectional surveys are observational surveys conducted in situations

where the researcher intends to collect data from a sample of the target
population at a given point in time. Researchers can evaluate various variables
at a particular time. Data gathered using this type of survey is from people who

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 World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.
Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway
Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

depict similarity in all variables except the variables which are considered for
research. Throughout the survey, this one variable will stay constant.

A comparison between two entities is invariable. Correlation/Correlational

Research is conducted to establish a relationship between two closely-knit
entities and how one impacts the other and what are the changes that are
eventually observed. This research method is carried out to give value to
naturally occurring relationships, and a minimum of two different groups are
required to conduct this quantitative research method successfully. Without
assuming various aspects, a relationship between two groups or entities must
be established.

Causal-Comparative Research is a research method mainly depends on the

factor of comparison. Also called quasi-experimental research, this quantitative
research method is used by researchers to conclude the cause-effect equation
between two or more variables, where one variable is dependent on the other
independent variable. The independent variable is established but not
manipulated, and its impact on the dependent variable is observed. These
variables or groups must be formed as they exist in the natural set up. As the
dependent and independent variables will always exist in a group, it is advised
that the conclusions are carefully established by keeping all the factors in
mind.

Descriptive Research seeks to describe the current status of an identified

variable. These research projects are designed to provide systematic
information about a phenomenon. The researcher does not usually begin with
an hypothesis, but is likely to develop one after collecting data. The analysis
and synthesis of the data provide the test of the hypothesis. Systematic
collection of information requires careful selection of the units studied and
careful measurement of each variable.

Experimental Research often called true experimentation, uses the scientific

method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables
that make up a study. The true experiment is often thought of as a laboratory
study, but this is not always the case; a laboratory setting has nothing to do
with it. A true experiment is any study where an effort is made to identify and
impose control over all other variables except one. An independent variable is
manipulated to determine the effects on the dependent variables. Subjects are
randomly assigned to experimental treatments rather than identified in
naturally occurring groups.

KINDS OF VARIABLES:

Type of Variable What does the data Examples

represent?

Discrete Variables  Counts of individual  Number of students in

(Integer Variables) items or values. a class
 Number of different
tree species in a forest

Continuous Variables  Measurements of  Distance

(Ratio Variables) continuous or non-  Volume
finite values.  Age

Independent Variables  Variables you The amount of salt added

(Treatment Variables) manipulate in order to each plant’s water.

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 World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.
Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway
Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

Type of Variable What does the data Examples

represent?

to affect the outcome

of an experiment.

Dependent Variables  Variables that Any measurement of

(Response Variables) represent the plant health and growth:
outcome of the in this case, plant height
experiment. and wilting.

Control Variables Variables that are The temperature and

held constant light in the room the
throughout the plants are kept in, and
experiment. the volume of water given
to each plant.

🚸 TRY THIS!
INSTRUCTIONS: Read carefully the sentences and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a sheet of paper.
1. In this research, subjects are randomly assigned to experimental treatment
and control groups who are treated to the same except for the treatment
variable.
a. Correlational
b. Descriptive
c. Experimental
d. Cross-Sectional
2. What is the main purpose of a quantitative research?
a. Generalization of the results by measuring the views and responses of a
sample population.
b. Provide insights into the setting of a problem, generating ideas and/or
hypothesis.
c. To establish an understanding of the underlying reasons and motivations
of actions
d. Measure the incidence of various views of in a chosen population.
3. Variables that are manipulated by the researcher are known as ___________.
a. Discrete Variables
b. Continuous Variables
c. Dependent Variables
d. Independent Variables
4. Quantitative research involves interview to gather extensive data.
a. True b. False
5. The following are some importance of research, EXCEPT:

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 World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.
Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway
Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

a. Research duplicates knowledge.

b. Research creates the theories and facts of all sciences.
c. Research gives us information on the things we want and need to know.
d. Research helps preserve and improve life
🧐 LET’S CHECK WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED SO FAR!

INSTRUCTIONS: Read carefully the sentences and choose the letter of the
correct answer from the box below. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

A. Experimental Research B. Survey Research C. Independent Variable

D. Control Variable E. Discrete Variable F. Continuous Variable
G. Correlational Research H. Cross-Sectional Surveys I. Causal-Comparative Research
J. Dependent Variable K. Descriptive Research

1. A research conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of

variables.
2. A research design that investigates relationships between two variables
(or more) without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them.
3. A type of research design in which you collect data from many different
individuals at a single point in time.
4. A variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.
5. A variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment.
6. A variable that may assume only a countable, and usually finite, number
of values.
7. A variable which can take an uncountable set of values or infinite set of
values.
8. Any variable that's held constant in a research study.
9. In this type of research, investigators attempt to determine the cause or
consequences of differences that already exist between or among groups
of individuals.
10. The collection of information from a sample of individuals through
their responses to questions.

📝 HOMEWORK:
INSTRUCTIONS: Read carefully the questions. Write your answers on a sheet
of paper:

 Why is quantitative research important across all fields?

 Choose a specific field of research. Provide a specific example as to how valuable
research is in your chosen field.

REFERENCES:

 https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/quantitative-research
 https://www.questionpro.com/blog/quantitative-research/
 https://www.projectguru.in/limitations-quantitative-research/
 https://www.thebalancesmb.com/quantitative-research-advantages-
and-disadvantages-2296728

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 World Maritime Academy & Training Center, Inc.
Cuadra Hontanosas Farm, Km. 20, South National Highway
Maayongtubig, Dauin, Negros Oriental 6217
Cell #: 0935-275-1644/0991-642-3995
E-mail: wmadgte@gmail.com

 https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/types-of-variables/
 https://www.wssu.edu/about/offices-and-departments/office-of-
sponsored-programs/pre-award/_Files/documents/develop-
quantitative.pdf

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