PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 2
with Ms. Denise Bas
 Objectives:
a. Describes (a.) characteristics, (b.)
strengths and weaknesses, and (c.) kinds
of quantitative research.
b. Illustrates the (d.) importance of
quantitative research across fields.
c. Differentiates (e.) kinds of variables
and their uses.
WHY DO WE
RESEARCH?
1. Complete this sentence:
“Research is important because
________________________________
___________________________.”
Example: Research is important because it
enriches our understanding and help us to
solve problems.
1. Each student should be able to give their
response to this task:
“Think of 2 words to describe what do you
feel about the COVID-19 restrictions as a
result of the pandemic.”
 Quantitative
Research
• Quantitative Research is explaining phenomena by
collecting numerical data that are analyzed using
mathematically based methods (Aliaga & Gunderson,
2021).
• Quantitative Research collects and uses numerical data
to explore, describe, explain, or predict phenomena.
• Quantitative Research is a research method that is used
to generate numerical data by employing statistical and
mathematical techniques.
 QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
- Deals with numbers and - Deals with words and
statistics meanings
- Requires many - Requires few respondents
respondents
- Data collection methods - Data collection methods
include surveys, include interviews and case
experiments and studies
observations
- Used close-multiple choice - Used open-ended questions
questions
- Data analysis methods - Data analysis methods
include common patterns in discourse analysis
the data
 Characteristics of Quantitative
Research

1. SYSTEMATIC
5. A researcher follows a pre- 2. BUILDS ON
EMPIRICALLY determined series of steps. THE WORKS
VERIFIABLE OF OTHERS
Quantitative research All research is
involves numerical anchored on
data that can be previous studies.
gathered through
different methods of 3.
data collection. GENERALIZABLE
Findings of quantitative
research should be
4. CONTROLLED applicable to people
Quantitative research and setting other than
requires creating situations those who participated
to minimize bias. in the study.
 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Responses of participants are

It can be replicated
strictly limited to what has
or repeated in other been asked.
contexts.
It cannot adequately
It has a low degree provide in-depth
of subjectivity. information necessary for
describing and explaining
a complex phenomenon.
 SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY -
Quantitative research
is used to innovate
new devices and
systems to improve the
quality of life.
MEDICAL AND HEALTH
ALLIED SCIENCES-
- Scientific investigations on
healthcare procedures are
continuously conducted.
Importance of Quantitative
Research
EDUCATION -
Quantitative research
are used to assess the
effectiveness of
teaching methods used
and different programs
offered in schools and
universities.
BUSINESS -
Quantitative research is
used to improve
marketing strategies.
 Kinds of Quantitative Research

• when a researcher is able to

Experimental manipulate the subjects to
Design identify a cause-and-effect
relationship.

Non- • a study when a

experimental researcher cannot
control, manipulate or
Design alter the subject.
 DESCRIPTIVE CORELLATIONAL
- attempts to determine the
- seeksAddto describe the
your words here,according to your need to draw the text box extent of a
current status of an
size.Please read the instructions and more work at the end of the
manual template. relationship between two or
identified variable. more variables.
*Biological Quality of Drinking *The Relationship of Dental Anxiety
and Dental Health among School-
Water in Centro Aged Children in City of Malolos
 NUMERIC CATEGORICAL
EXPERIMENTAL NON-EXPERIMENTAL
➢ The term “variable” refers to
the measurable characteristics,
qualities, traits, or attributes of
a particular individual, object or
situation being studied.
 NUMERIC
- variables with values describing a number or
quantity that can be measured and answers the
questions “how many” or “how much”.

DISCRETE
✓Data is counted.
✓Can take only integer value.
✓Never include fractions or
decimals.
Ex:
1. Number of children in a
family
2. Toss of a coin
CONTINUOUS
✓Data is measured.
✓Can take values including
fractions or decimals.
Ex:
1. Height of individuals.
2. Weight of a newborn
baby
 CATEGORICAL
- variables with values describing a characteristic or quality
which answers the questions “what type” or “which category”.

NOMINAL ORDINAL
✓ variables are used to classify or ✓ variables are used to indicate
categorize. rank or order.

Ex: Ex:
1. Eye color 1. Academic grades (A, B, C, F)
2. Business types 2. Clothing size (S, M, L, XL)

DICHOTOMOUS
✓variables that represent two categories.
Ex:
1. True or False
2. Yes or No
 EXPERIMENTAL

INDEPENDENT
✓variable manipulated in an
experiment and causes the
change/s to the other
variable/s in the study.
DEPENDENT
✓variable affected by the
manipulation of the
independent variable.

EXTRANEOUS
✓variables already existing in the experiment that
could affect the results of the study
 “Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizer:
Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest”

Independent: Use of gardening tools, types of fertilizer

Dependent: Amount of harvest
Extraneous: Humidity level, types of plants

“Effects of Types of Soil and Fertilizer on the Growth

of Papaya Tree”

Independent: Types of Soil & Fertilizer

Dependent: Growth of Papaya Tree
 NON-EXPERIMENTAL

PREDICTOR CRITERION
✓variables that change ✓variables are usually
the other variables in influenced by the predictor
variable
the study
 Types of Business and Managerial Skills
Towards Profitability Level of Canteens

Predictor: Types of Business & Managerial Skills

Criterion: Profitability Level of Canteens

Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs to the

Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate among
Grade 8 Classes

Predictor: Conduct of guidance counseling programs

Criterion: degree of absenteeism & drop-out rate
THANK YOU!
Any other questions?
REMINDER:
No class on
Monday (08-29)
NEXT ONSITE MEETING:

Lesson on Sources,
Consideration, and
Formulation of Research
Title
FRIDAY (09-02):
¼ Index Card (blue)
Write the following:
❑ 1x1 formal picture (upper right)
❑ Name – SN, FN MN (left)
❑ Grade & Section (left)
❑ Your contact no. (left)
❑ Guardian’s name – SN, FN MN (left)
❑ Guardian’s e-mail add & contact no.
(left)
THANK YOU!

SEE YOU NEXT TIME!

References
• CEIS - LMS

• Cristobal, A. P. & De La Cruz-Cristobal, M. C. (2017). Practical

research 2 for senior high school. Quezon City: C & E Publishing,
Inc.
Image References
• https://images.app.goo.gl/fjYRMEW15mRrYxcz6
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Image References
• https://images.app.goo.gl/C1oZeG3N7yQhxVreA
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