Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF BOTOLAN

(Formerly Botolan Community College)
Botolan, Zambales
E-mail: polytechniccollegeofbotolan@gmail.com
Website: pcbzambales.com

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION
SY: 2023-2024 (2ND SEMESTER)

Subject : IT222- QUANTITATIVE METHOD

Name of Reporters : Peter Kae Swayne Dumlao
James Devera
Mark Anthony Suarez
Martin Dayo
Kristine Rogel
Angeline Mae Cabal
Year & Section : BSIT 2- B

LESSON 8:
QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION

QUANTITATIVE DATA
Quantitative data collection involves using numbers to gather information. This can be done
through various methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and more, all aiming at
collecting numerical data. The chosen method should ideally suit the research needs and be able to
answer the research question or support or contradict a hypothesis.
Four things that you should remember or do when collecting research data:
1. The selection of subjects
2. The collection of data in a consistent way
3. The maintenance of research controls
4. Solving of problems/conflicts that may arise and threaten your study throughout the duration of the
research project

Definition of Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in
such a way that the individuals represent the larger group from which they were selected.
Definition of Sample: Sample is a smaller collection of units from a population used to determine
truths about that population.
Definition of Population: Population is a larger group of individuals or a large collection of
individuals or objects that are selected to participate in a study.
TYPES OF SAMPLING
There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling and non-probability sampling.
1. Probability sampling - uses randomization and takes steps to ensure all members of a
population have a chance of being selected.
 Variations of Probability sampling:
a. Random sampling - every member has an equal chance.
b. Stratified sampling - population divided into subgroups and members are randomly
selected from each group.
c. Systematic sampling - uses a specific system to select members such as every 5th
person on the list.
d. Cluster random sampling - divides the population into clusters, every members
from the selected cluster are considered as samples.
e. Multi - stage random sampling - a combination of two or more variations.
2. Non-probability sampling - does not rely on the use of randomization techniques to select
members. This is typically done in studies where randomization is not possible in order to
obtain a representative sample.
Variation of Non-probability sampling:
a. Convenience or accidental sampling - members of units are selected based on
availability.
b. Purposive sampling - members of a particular Soup are purposefully sought after.
c. Modal instance sampling - members or units are the most common within a defined
group and therefore are sought after.
d. Expert sampling - members considered to be high quality are chosen for
participation.
e. Proportional and non - proportional quota sampling - members are sampled until
exact proportions of certain types of data are obtained or until sufficient data in different
categories is collected.
f. Diversity sampling - members are selected intentionally across the possible types of
responses to capture all possibilities.
g. Snowball sampling - members are sampled and then asked to help identify other
members to sample and this process continues until enough samples are collected.
TYPES OF POPULATION
1. Target population - refers to the entire group of individuals or objects to which researchers are
interested in generalizing the conclusions. The target population usually has varying characteristics
and it is known as the theoretical population.
2. Accessible population - is the population in research to which the researcher can apply their
conclusion. It is a subset of the target population and it is also known as study population.
Steps in the Selection of Sample:
1. Define the Target Population.
2. Determine if a probability or non-probability sampling method will be chosen.
3. Plan procedure for selecting sampling units.
4. Determine sample size.
5. Select actual sampling units.
6. Conduct study.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA COLLECTION

1. Observation - It must be structured so that there is a defined purpose to the observation. The first
step is to define what is being observed. The next thing to think about is how the observation will be
made, recorded and coded. The observer/researcher may use a checklist for the observation and
categorizing the different behaviors of the subject(s).
2. Interview - in Quantitative Research, interviews are structured, with the interviewee only being
able to choose a response, often with just one word, from a series on the interview form. Questions
may be answered with just a “yes” or a “no or just numbers. A checklist can also be used or a list
where in the interviewee may choose one item from it. This type is often used in places with poor
return rate of questionnaires.
3. Questionnaires/Surveys - it may look easy to prepare a questionnaire but it is a difficult thing to
do correctly specially in Quantitative Research. Questionnaires can be useful in collecting data on
simple and well-defined issues. The design of the questionnaire should provide the required data,
data that can be analyzed and used, and unbiased response.
4. Scales - rating scales can be used for observations. It allows the observer to rate the behavior of
an event on a scale. It lists an ordered series of categories of a variable and then assigns a numerical
value on each item.