Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OG
Applied airs and fine arts
Tend to 倾向于做某事
Refer to 指的是
In terms of 就.,.而言;从…的角度来看=from the point of view of …
Divide …into …categories 分成几类
There is no way around the fact 不可置疑=undoubtedly
Be bound be the law of physics 受到物理法则的制约
Pertain to 跟。。。有关
Regardless of 不管…=in spite of
In traditional sense 从传统的角度来看
完整句子,+So much so that…(前面的事情程度)如此之深以至于
Depart from the norm 于惯例不一样
Recognize A as being different from B
Be taken for granted 被当做是理所当然的(人们意识不到其难能可贵)
This is also true for …同样的道理也适用于。。。
TPO1
By far =到目前为止
Known as = 被认为是
Spread out = 展开
Either … or… = 要么… 要么… [二选一]
As x as y = 和 y 一样 x
Vary from x to y = x 和 y 各不相同
Prevent x from y = 阻止 x 发生 y
Emerge out of … =从…中产生
Attribute x to y = 把 x 归因于 y
As a result = 所以
Act out = 付诸行动
See/think of x as y = 把 x 看作 y
Lead to =导致,形成
Neither x nor y =既不 x 也不 y
Admire x for y=因 y 崇拜 x
Rather than=而不是
Set forth by… = 由…提出
Reshape A into B = 把 A 重塑成 B
from A to B = 从 A 到 B
Grow out of… = 从…中生长出来
TPO2
Result in = 导致
As a result of.. = 作为...的结果
So that = 所以
Result from = 由...导致
As well as... = ...也一样
Consist of... = 由...组成
Too... to... = 太...以至于不能...
TPO3
TPO4
TPO5
TPO6
Located on 坐落于
In short 总的来说
William Smith
Infantile Amnesia
TPO7
Drill into 钻入
So…that… 如此以至于
Ancient Rome and Greece
Lie in 存在于
A sense of …的感觉
Dry up 干涸
TPO8
In turn 轮流 相继
take place 发生
trade in 贸易某物
result in 导致
preserved in 保存于…
pull back 撤回
kick up 扬起/激起(尘土)
Not…until 直到…才
Reflection in teaching
TPO10
Chinese Pottery
Result in 导致
a range of 一系列的
TPO 11
Begging by Nestlings
TPO 12
so far 到目前为止
motion picture 电影
come close to ... 接近...
be regarded as ... 被认为是...
lie between A and B 介于 A 与 B 之间
a host of +可数名词复数 许多,大量...
in many instances 在许多实例中
beyond that 除此之外
try out 尝试,试验
A overshadow B A 使 B 蒙上阴影,A 使 B 相形见绌
convert to ... 转换成...
put off ... 推迟...
from a later perspective 从后来的角度看
a strain of 一种
fade from sight 淡出人们的视线
link A with B 把 A 和 B 连接在一起
off the mark 不相关,不准确
neglect to do ... 忽视做...
take ... into account = take account of ... 考虑到...
in a sense 在某种意义上
take no for an answer 善罢甘休
TPO 14
think of A as B 把 A 看作 B
prove to be ... 结果是...,证明是...
properly speaking 确切地说,严格来说
all year round 一年到头,全年
focus on ... 聚焦于...,关注于...
attempt to do ... = make an attempt to do ... = try to do ... 尝试去做...,试图去做....
making matters worse 更糟糕的是
deal with ... = cope with ... 解决...,处理...,对付...
next to ... 紧邻...
meet the needs of ... 满足...的需求
in deep trouble 深陷困难
rather than 而不是
A Warm-Blooded Turtle
Mass Extinctions
Glacier Formation
Restricted by 受。。限制
Demand for 要求。。。
Trace。。。back to 追溯到。。。
Due to 由于
Set up 创立,建立
Reliance on 对。。。的依赖
In the hands of 由。。。控制
under the tutelage of 在。。的监护下
side by side 并肩(合作)
be bound to 被。。绑定/ 一定要
allow for 顾及,考虑到
make a difference 有影响
have a great advantage in…在。。。有优势
in high demand 需求量大
have in common with 和。。有相同之处
Miss out 漏掉
Draw on 利用,凭借,动用
Take risks 冒险
Lack of control over.. 缺乏对于。。的控制
In order of 按照。。。的顺序
Search for 寻找。。
Put forth to 提出
So as to 以便于。。
In fact 事实上
Lend support to 支持
In advance 事先,提前
Appear to 看起来像
Fit into 属于。。 适于。。。
Be unwilling to 不愿。。。
Analogous to 与。。相似
Break up 拆分,分裂
A number of 许多的
Fall out of 从。。掉下来
In the context of 在。。。情况下/ 在。。。的背景下
To a lesser extent 在较小程度上
The sheer scale of …的巨大规模
Put into use 使用
The means for…的方法
Map out 规划,安排,设计
An interaction between。。。之间相互作用
At the expense of 以。。。为代价
Huge expanses of 一大片,广阔
In contrast to 和。。。不同
Feed on 以。。。为食
Prey on 捕食
Tpo18-1 Industrialization in the Netherlands and
Scandinavia
lag behind 落后
in view of 考虑到
in the course of 在。。期间/ 在。。。过程中
take advantage of 利用
with respect to 关于/至于
in return for… 作为。。。回报
take place 发生
in the main 大体上
stake out 明确表明,清楚界定
account for (数量或比例上)占/ 导致,解释
take over 接管
Lack of 缺乏
Fail to 未能。。
About the closest 最接近
Cast doubt on 质疑
Clear out 清理
Out of place 不适当,不适时
Have nothing to do with 和。。。没关系
In turn 反过来
In support of 支持。。
Argue against 反对
Not the case 并非如此
Tpo18-3 Lightning
Impact on 对。。。对影响
In the wake of 随着。。。而来,紧随着。。
incorporate into 并入
bring with 带来
have effect on 对。。。有影响
in particular 尤其
a means of …的一种手段
entitle to 赋予。。。权利
ad hoc 特别的,专门
at full strength 全力
respond to 响应
warn against 告诫,提防
give the right to 赋予。。权利
day off 休息日
drive up price 提高价格
Thanks to 由于
In its wake 在其之后
As if 好像。。。一样
Take over 取代/接管
On occasion 偶尔
In time 最终
Tpo22 P1 Spartina
Feed on 以…为食
Range from 从…到…变动
Take up 占据
Convert…to…把…转化成…
Crowd out 挤出
Turn…into…把…转变成…
Interfere with 干扰
Be aware of 意识到;了解
Did away with 废除,去掉
In the long term 从长远角度来看
Be far from 远不是
A multitude of 大批的,众多的
Be treated as 被当作
Make use of 利用
In case 以防
Differ from 不同于
Thanks to 幸亏,由于
Broke into 碎成
Be classified as 被归类为
Be composed of 由…组成
Vary from 不同于;各不相同
Tend to 趋向;易于
Be mixed with 与…混合
After all 毕竟
Think of… as… 把…认作…
Except for 除了…之外;要不是由于
A sort of 一种
Tpo23 P1 Urban Climates
Contribute to 引起,导致
Be knowns as 被称作
Be associated with 与…有关
In general 一般而言;总之
A number of 一些
Agriculture
Aborigines
Encounter with 遇到
As the result of 由于
Rely on 依靠
Lead ro 导致
Be separated from 与…分开
Give way to… 让步于…
Geometric symbolism… 几何象征主义
Due to 由于
In spite of 尽管
Residence time 停留时间
By no means 绝不是
Speed up 加速
Evapotranspiration rate 蒸散率
In turn 反过来
…And so on …等等
Be capable of 能够…
Metabolic system 新陈代谢系统
Result in 导致
Result from 由于
Phase of… …的阶段
Coupled with… 伴随…
Accustomed to 习惯于
Given all that…考虑到…
The onset of… …的到来
Be around the corner 即将来临
Associated with 与…相关
in the face of 面对
contend with 与…做斗争
Give rise to 变成
Stem from 起源于
Be subjected to 受到…
Start out 进行,出发
From a plant’s evolutionary view point 从植物进化的角度
Dry out 变干
Be independent of 不依靠…
Tpo26.1
Rely on 依靠,依赖
Derive from 来自,起源于
As well as 和…一样
Apply to 应用于,适用于
Attach to 链接在…上,依附于,归附于
Keep pace with 保持同步,随着…的增长而增长
Take advantage of 利用
TPO26.2
Adapt to 适应
With regard to 关于,对于,就…而言
TPO26.3
Lead to 导致
Associate with 与…联系
Center on 以…为中心
Refer to as 称作,归类,把…当作
TPO27.1
A set of 一套,一组,一系列
Specialize in 专攻,以…为主
Characteristic of 特有的,独特的,是…的特征
Scoop up 舀出,挖出
Roll over 滚动
Pour into 倒进
Superior to 胜过,优于,比…高级
TPO27.2
Make up of 由…组成,构成
Rather than 而不是
Originate from 起源于
As long as 只要
TPO27.3
TPO28.3
TPO29.1
Do justice 秉公对待
Back up 支持
Capable of 有能力…
Allow to 允许
Be convinced of 深信…
A proportion of …的比例
Be made up of 由…组成
TPO29.2
depend on 依赖于,依附于
be referred to as 称之为
shift to 转变到
compete for 竞争
tend to 倾向于
TPO29.3
TPO30.1
result in 以…为结果
build up 建立,增进,积累
interact with 与…相互作用
TPO30.2
based on 以…为基础
be separated by … 被…分开
give rise to 惹起,引起
attempt to 尝试…
TPO30.3
give importance to 重视
set a time 安排个时间
compatible with 与…不矛盾
drive out 驱逐
divide into 分开,分成…份
lead to 导致
consciousness of 对…有意识
TPO31
Savanna Formation
a given site 某个地方
fit this pattern 符合/遵循这个模式
be prone to=vulnerable to 容易受到 XX 的影响(不好的影响)=be susceptible to
progress to the point where 到达。。。的程度
TPO-32
Plant Colonization
to a great extent 很大程度上
TPO-33
TPO-35
Earth’s Age
Build up=accumulate
Work out 研究出
geologic time is an abyss and human history a speck by comparison.小巫见大巫
by factors 10 to 50 以 10 倍到 50 倍的程度
fall short=fail
in this regard=in this aspect
come up with sth 想出了。。。计算出了。。。
open door to doing sth 给了做某事的机会
a suite of 一系列的
converge on an age 得出一个年龄
TPO36
Soil Formation
TPO36 P2
TPO36 P3
TPO37
TPO37 P2
TPO37 P3
Microscopes
project ...into A or onto B 将...投影到 A 里面或 B 上面
up to 多达
Take a giant leap forward 向前迈出一大步
Be coated with 表面覆盖有...
a beam of 一束
The more...., the more.... 越...,越....。
Be divided into 被分成....
In a way 在某种程度上;有点儿
TPO38 P2
TPO38 P3
Transgenic Plants
be inserted into 注入进....
Be known as 被称为...
Be resistant to 耐....的 e.g. be resistant to high temperature 耐高温
On the positive side.....On the negative side.... 积极的一面...消极的一面....
environmentally friendly 环境友好的
allow .....to 让....做....(隐含因果)
on a large scale 大范围
deal with 处理 =manage= handle= cope with
be perpetuated in 延续
make its way into 进入;融入
Of special concern is.... 特别值得关注的是....
be applied to 运用到....中
make sb. susceptible to 使某人受到...的伤害
take advantage of 利用
cause damage to 导致伤害
Be immune to 对...免疫
over the long run 长期
TPO39
originated in 从....起源
Emerge from 从.....出现
Last for 持续
neither A nor B: 既不是 A,也不是 B
Take pride in 以....为傲
Set out on 出发做某事
Be not to do but to do:不是为了....而是为了...
Be fit for 对....合适
in efficiency 在功效上
make sth. more pleasing to the eye 让某事看起来更愉悦
To the eye 从表面上看、公然
with little regard for 不顾 (辨析:with regard for:为...考虑; with regard to:关于、
至于)
Be regards as 被看作 = be referred to as
Be intended for 打算为....所用 ≈ be prepared for
Be used to 被用来
regardless of 不管、不论= in spite of= despite
TPO39 P2
The Extinction of Moa
Be made up of 由...组成= be composed of
a diverse array of 各种各样的 = a diversity of
in concert 齐声、一致、合作
a transition to 向....过渡
Be recovered from 从...中恢复
TPO39 P3
Forest Fire Suppression
Turn A into B: 把 A 变成 B
a huge pile of 一大堆
spring up 出现、涌现、萌芽
put out 扑灭 e.g. put out fire 灭火 (另:伸出、出版)
thanks to 多亏了、由于 = owing to = as a result of
Vary with 随....变化
in turn 反过来、轮流
thin out 使稀疏
rot away 腐烂 = decay= decompose= corrupt
In particular 尤其是
TPO40
Ancient Athens
It is ....that.... 强调句,去掉“it is...that”句子依旧完整
an assembly of ...的集合、集会
The first steps toward 迈向...的第一步
the basis of ...的基础
at the expense of 以...为代价
focus attention on 集中精力于...
Be ripe for ...的时机成熟
in practice 实际上 = in effect= in fact
delegated A to B 授权 A 给 B
implement policies 实施政策
By any measure 不论以何种标准衡量;通过所有措施 = by all means
Be involved in 被卷入...中;涉及到...
the serious business 严肃的事情
provide a stimulus for 刺激某物;促成某物 (隐含因果) ≈ lead to
Be qualified to do 有资质做某事
Be opposed to 反对 = object to
put enormous pressure on 对...施加巨大的压力
in harmony with 与...一致 = in accordance with
TPO40 P2
Latitude and Biodiversity
Be far from 远不是...
The arrangement of A into B A 变成 B 的排列、布局
take on 承担(e.g. take on responsibilities)= assume;雇佣=employ=engage
Be favorable for 对...有利 = be conducive to
to some degree 在某种程度上
cast doubt on 对...提出质疑
refer to 参考;涉及;指的是;适用于
TPO40 P3
Amphibian Thermoregulation
In contrast to 与....形成对照
have control over sth. 控制某物
correspond to 符合于..... = accord with
function as 起...作用
a barrier against 对...的屏障
Be confronted by 面对....
Be at mercy of 受...的支配 = be subject to
as soon as 一....就....
vary from day to day 每日都不同
have tolerance for 包容
Press against 挤压
TPO-41
Contribute to 导致
Serve as 起到……作用
Last up to 持续
Be regarded as ……当做
According to ……根据
By contrast 对比,相反
Instead of ……相反的是
Either ……or……二者取其一
Bake out 烘干
Just as 和……相同
Attribute to ……归因于
Due to ……导致
Deficient in 缺乏
Suffer from 遭受
Be looked as 当做
TPO-42
Be called 被叫做
depend on 依赖
move across 穿过
be likely to 很大可能
far apart 分开
die out 灭绝
blame on 责备
wipe out 消除
in addition to 除……之外
plummet to 掉落
rise to 上升
pass through 穿过
the same as 相似
in absence of 缺乏
TPO 43
Even tough 尽管
Open up to 对……开放
Play an important part
Link to 连接
Idea to 理想,完美
Be accused of 被指责
Condemn to 谴责判刑
Substitute for 替代
Combination with 结合
Be defined as 被定义为
Consist of 由……组成
Convert to 转换
Trap in 陷入
Pump out 抽出
in celebration of 庆祝
be accompanied by 伴随
TPO-44
Transition to 过度转换
Deposited in 沉积
Be interpreted as 被认为
Feed on 以……为食
Tie to 依赖,依靠
Apply to 应用于
Throw against 投射
be influenced by 被……影响
be subject to 屈从于
tend to 趋向,有……的趋势
move out 移走
in contrast 对比
confine to 限于,关在……里面
separate from 分开
TPO-45
Be connected by 联结
Composed of 由……组成
Be critical to 至关重要
Herds of 成群,大量
Result in 导致
throw into 扔进
be bound to 必然
dispense with 分发
in circumstance 在某种情况下
be sufficient to 充足
range from 范围
cope with 处理
emphasis on 强调
cope with 处理
Medieval Europe
Stability
Britain
conquest of 征服…
along with 以及 伴随
decorated with 用…装饰
were accompanied by 伴随着
were acquired by 通过…而获得
recognized … as 把…视为
looked down on 看不起
bound… to 把…联系起来
referred to as 被称之为
lies in 在于
flows back down to 流回
supplies the nest’s inhabitants with 供应…
Be restricted to 局限于
is dominated by 取决于
succession from … to 从..到…的演替
be achieved by 通过…实现
put forward this theory 提出理论
TPO48-1 Chinese Population Growth
Be relevance to 与…有关
Submerge on 半埋在
Gnaw its way westward 一路向西侵入
Tumble into 没入大海
Concerned with 关注
Revolution
As far back as 早在
Favorable to 有益于
Spring up 涌现
Flock to 涌向
TPO50-1 American railroads
Supplant…as 取代..成为…
Lay out 建造
Thought…as 把…看作 = view as
With the onset of…在…开始时候
Burden…with 使某人承受负担
Turn against 反对
Exert influence over 对…施加影响
independence