Gas Turbine Combustor

by Manu K V

October 31, 2022

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Combustion Process

Fuel injection
Mixing of Fuel droplet and air
Atomization and evaporation of fuel droplet
Ignition
Breaking the fuel molecules into lighter fractions
Mixing of combusted gas with the secondary and tertiary air supply
Chemical reaction which leads to generation of heat

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Combustion Chamber

15% -20 % primary air entering the combustion chamber for rapid
combustion
Introduction of 40% of air through the ports
Mixing of the remaining of air with the products of combustion to
cool the products before turbine
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Flow pattern inside a combustor

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Flame stabilization

Flame stabilization by bluff body

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Flame stabilization
Flame stabilization by swirler

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Requirement of Combustion Chamber

Complete combustion of fuel must be achieved

Total pressure loss must be very small
Carbon deposition or soot formation should not happen in the
downstream components.
Ignition must be reliable.
Controlled temperature and velocities must be there at the turbine
inlet.
Volume and weight must be within the limits.

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Combustion Chamber

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Types of combustion Chamber: Can Type

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Types of combustion Chamber: Can Type

Can combustors are self-contained cylindrical

combustion chambers.
Each “can” has its own fuel injector and
igniter.
Typically 7 to 14 cans are used.
The primary air from the compressor is guided
into each individual can, where it is
decelerated, mixed with fuel, and then ignited.
Secondary air fed into combustion zone
through the holes in the inner liner

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Types of combustion Chamber: Annular Type

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Types of combustion Chamber: Annular Type

This type of combustion chamber consists of a

single flame tube.
Air enters the burning zone both from inner
and outer zone.
Advantage is the elimination of combustion
propagation problems from chamber to
chamber.
Annular combustors tend to have very uniform
exit temperatures and have the lowest pressure
drop

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Types of combustion Chamber: Cannular Type

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Types of combustion Chamber: cannular Type

Combustors have discrete combustion zones

contained in separate liners with their own fuel
injectors
All the combustion zones share a common ring
(annulus) casing.
The combustion zones can also “communicate”
with each other via liner holes or connecting
tubes that allow some air to flow
circumferentially.
It also eliminates the need for each chamber to
have its own igniter.
Once the fire is lit in one or two cans, it can
easily spread to and ignite the others.

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 The End

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