MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Media are the physical objects used to communicate such as radio, television,
computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate
messages.
Media Literacy: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in
a variety of forms.

Audience - The group of consumers for whom a media message was

constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the message.
Codes - Are systems of signs, which create meaning
Convention - Refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing
behaviour.
Messages - The information sent from a source to a receiver.
Other stakeholders - Libraries, archives, museums, internet and other relevant
information providers.
Producers - People engaged in the process of creating and putting together
media content to make a finished media product.
Stakeholders of Media - Libraries, archives and museums are considered as
stakeholders of media.
• Language - pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes
and conventions.

• Media Languages - codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative

structures

All media messages are constructed using particular set of codes and
conventions:

• Semiotics - study of signs.

• Symbolic codes include the language, dress or actions of characters, or

iconic symbols that are easily understood.
 For example, a red rose may be used symbolically to convey romance,
or a clenched fist may be used to communicate anger

• Written codes - use of language style and textual layout (headlines,

captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.)

• Technical codes include sound, camera angles, types of shots and

lighting.

They may include, for example, suspense music to communicate danger in a

feature film, or high-angle camera shots to create a feeling of power in a
photograph.

PRODUCERS - People engaged in the process of creating and putting together

media content to make a finished media product.

The “Grammar of the Camera”

• Camera Angle - The camera angle determines both the audiences
viewpoint or how they see the story.

• A low angle shot - taken from the ground level. Enables viewer to look
up at characters or buildings

• A high angle shot – it will make a character appear smaller.

• An over the shoulder shot - allows the viewer to see what a character is
doing as if they
are standing behind them

• An aerial shot - also known as a birds-eye view, will have the camera
high up and looking down
 CAMERA SHOTS

EXTREME LONG SHOT

- Also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd scene or a
view of scenery as far as the horizon.

Long shot - the subject will appear further away with lots of space around
them.

• MEDIUM LONG SHOT 0 shows a group of people in interaction with each

other

• FULL SHOT - a view of a figure’s entire body in order to show action

• MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT -shows a subject down to his/her chest/waist

Medium Shot - It allows for body language to be viewed such as arm

movements, crossed arms or waving

• CLOSE UP SHOT - a full-screen shot of a subject’s face showing the finest

nuances of expression.

Extreme close up - is used to show intense emotions or very small details. A shot
of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in detail.

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

(helping verb “to be” conjugated in the simple present tense + main verb
*present participle)
Example : I am cooking right now.

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

(helping verb “to be” conjugated in the simple past tense + main verb *present
participle)
Example : I was cooking yesterday
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
(helping verb “to have” conjugated in the simple present tense + main verb
*past participle)
Example: She has delivered the order.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

(helping verb “to have” conjugated in the simple past tense + main verb *past
participle)
Example: Noli had driven the car.

1. She _______ a festival last year. (celebrate- PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE)

ANSWER : We are celebrating a festival.

2. The cat _______ in the garden last morning. (play- PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE)

The cat was playing in the garden.

3. She _______ the report. (finish- PRESENT PERFECT TENSE)

ANS: She has finished the report

4. We _______ the car. (break- PAST PERFECT TENSE)

ANS: Robin had broken the vase last Saturday.