What made up a

matter?

All matter is made up of tiny

particles called atoms. Matter
takes on different forms depending on how the atoms are
arranged. We call these forms “states of matter”. On Earth,
the most common states are solids, liquids, and gases.
The atom is considered the
basic building block of
matter. Anything that has a
mass—in other words,
anything that occupies
space—is composed of
atoms.
The atomic nucleus is the small,
dense region consisting
of protons and neutrons at the center
of an atom.
 Protons are positively charged particles that
help make up the atom
 Protons are locatedin the nucleus of the atom
(along with neutrons)
 Protons are subatomic particles that make up an
atom, they contain a positive charge and help
make up the mass of the atom
• A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle
that helps make up the nucleus of an atom
• Neutrons have no charged unlike protons or electrons.
• Neutrons are made up of quarks which are elementary
particles that cannot be broken into smaller
components
• More specifically, neutrons are composed of 1 up quark
and 2 down quarks
• Electrons are negatively charged particles
that help make up atoms.

• Electrons are found outside the nucleus in

orbitals.
Electron
First atomic model and was developed by
John Dalton in 1808. He hypothesized that an
atom is a solid sphere that could not be divided
into smaller particles. He came up with his
theory as a result of his research into gases. JOHN DALTON
English Chemist
The plum pudding model (also known as Thomson's
plum pudding model) is a historical
scientific model of the atom. The plum pudding
model is defined by electrons surrounded by a volume
of positive charge, like negatively-charged “plums”
embedded in a positively-charged “pudding” (hence
the name). Sir Joseph John Thomson
British Physicist
The electrons encircle the nucleus of
the atom in specific allowable paths
called orbits. When the electron is in one
of these orbits, its energy is fixed.
Sir Ernest Rutherford
New Zealand Physicist
In an atom, electrons (negatively charged)
revolve around the positively charged
nucleus in a definite circular path called
orbits or shells. Each orbit or shell has a
fixed energy and these circular orbits are
known as orbital shells. Niels Henrik David Bohr
Danish Physicist
In an atom, electrons (negatively charged)
revolve around the positively charged
nucleus in a definite circular path called
orbits or shells. Each orbit or shell has a
fixed energy and these circular orbits are
known as orbital shells. Erwin Schrödinger
Austrian Physicist
Formulated by the German physicist and Nobel
laureate Werner Heisenberg in 1927, the
uncertainty principle states that we cannot
know both the position and speed of a particle,
such as a photon or electron, with perfect
accuracy; the more we nail down the particle's
position, the less we know about its speed and
vice versa.
Werner Heisenberg
German Theoretical Physicist
this model suggests that it is impossible to
know the exact position and momentum
of an electron at the same time which is
also known as the Uncertainty Principle.
The quantum mechanical model of an
atom uses complex shapes of orbitals
(some called electron clouds / cloud of
negative charges)
 In the Quantum
Mechanical Model, the
darker the area, the
greater is the probability
of finding an electron in
the area.