You are on page 1of 175

ƶǝǑǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ

ǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnƭNJǚNJǐ~


ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƶNJǕǒǗǒǗ

 






ƶǝǑǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ
ǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnƭNJǚNJǐ~
ƶǘǛǔnjNJ
ƽƮƴ !
ƫƫƴ
ƶ

ƲǑǎNJǗǒǏǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǕǏǗǘ
ǙǚǒǙǘǎǎǏǚǐǔǏǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǒ,32/%
ƺǘǛǛNJƺNJǔǏǗǗǏƻƹNj
ƷNJǝǡǗǥǓǔǘǗǛǝǕǦǜNJǗǜƸǕǦǍNJƻǏnjNJǗ
6 

ƺǏǎNJǔǜǘǚƸǕǦǍNJƮǝNjǒǠǔNJǩ
ƴǘǚǚǏǔǜǘǚƸǕǦǍNJƴNJǕNJǢǗǒǔǘnjNJ
ƹǘǎNjǘǚǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǓƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƶNJǕǒǗǒǗ
    
ƶNJǕǒǗǒǗƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ
ƻǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ƶNJǚǒǗNJƭǘǚǎǏǏnjNJƪǗǗNJƵǒǔNJǕǦǜǏǚ
ƮǒǑNJǓǗ%&'HIWMKR 12  


  
ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƶNJǕǒǗǒǗcǷƶƶǝǑǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ ƮǒǑNJǓǗǖNJǔǏǜnjǏǚǛǜǔNJ
ǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnƭNJǚNJǐ~cǷǛǒǕ ƮǖǒǜǚǒǓcƶǘǚǎnjǒǗǠǏnjƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJcƮNJǗǒǕǨǔ
ƸǜǚǒǛǘnjǔNJǙǕNJǗǘnjƯǕǒǑNJnjǏǜNJƶǘǚǎnjǒǗǠǏnjNJ
ƹǘǎǍǘǜǘnjǔNJǔcǙǏǡNJǜǒƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩƪǍǏǏnjNJ
ƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJcƮNJǗǒǕǨǔƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƴǘǚǛNJǔǘnjNJ
14   !"
18 # ""   $  
21 %  $  
  
26 
 !    
30 #    
34 & $" ' 
38 
  ()* +, 
41 -! .   " 
45 /0    
49 /

 " 
-7&2 52      
ƬǛǏǙǚNJnjNJǑNJǣǒǣǏǗǥ 56 3    
lƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƶNJǕǒǗǒǗǜǏǔǛǜ
lƾǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǥ 60 ,"
" 

lƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩƼǚǏǜǦǩǔǘnjǛǔNJǩ
ǍNJǕǏǚǏǩǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
lƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ
67 45*$0  
ǖǝǑǏǓǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
lƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔ 72 7789 "
 
nƹNJnjǕǘnjǛǔ~ǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ

<55
lƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ
ƻNJǗǔǜƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍNJǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
lƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ 79
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƺǘǛǛǒǒ
ǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǩ
lƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ 344  



ǒǖƪƬǃǝǛǏnjNJǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǩ
lƶǝǑǏǓǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔƪƻƹǝǢǔǒǗNJ 344  




ǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
lƶǝǑǏǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƻNJǗǔǜƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍNJ
ǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
346    
lƷNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǍNJǕǏǚǏǩƪǚǖǏǗǒǒ
ǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
lƷǒǐǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ
ǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ

lƻǖǘǕǏǗǛǔǒǓǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ
ǖǝǑǏǓǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ ƶǝǑǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ
lƼǏNJǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ nƭNJǚNJǐ~ǙǚǒǕǘǐǒǕnjǛǏǝǛǒǕǒǩ ƸǜǙǏǡNJǜNJǗǘnjǜǒǙǘǍǚNJǞǒǒ
ǒǖƪƪƫNJǟǚǝǢǒǗNJǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ ǎǕǩǙǘǒǛǔNJǙǚNJnjǘǘNjǕNJǎNJǜǏǕǏǓ 7-%n42&4VMRX~ƵNJǜnjǒǩ
lƶǝǑǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǘǙǝNjǕǒǔǘnjNJǗǗǥǟ [[[TRFTVMRXIY
nƭNJǚNJǐ~ njǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏƶǥNjǝǎǏǖǙǚǒǑǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǥ
lƾǘǗǎǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǩǒcǙǘǎǎǏǚǐǔǒ ǑNJǒǗǞǘǚǖNJǠǒǨǘcǕǨNjǥǟǎǘǙǝǣǏǗǗǥǟ
ǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnƪƳƺƲƻ~-6-7*SYRHEXMSR ǗǏǜǘǡǗǘǛǜǩǟǒcǙǘǛǜNJǚNJǏǖǛǩǒǛǙǚNJnjǒǜǦ
 ǒǟǙǚǒǙǏǚnjǘǓǐǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒ

 ƻǙǚǘǛǒǕǨNjǘǍǘǔNJǔǘnjnjNJǢǕǨNjǒǖǥǓǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕ#ƽnjǏǚǏǗǡǜǘǎǏnjǩǜǦǒǑ
ǎǏǛǩǜǒǘǙǚǘǢǏǗǗǥǟǘǜnjǏǜǩǜǘǎǗǘǑǗNJǡǗǘnƮǏǚǏnjǘ~ƶǘǐǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǝnjNJ

   
ǐNJǜǦǔǒǚǙǒǡǚNJǎǘnjNJǜǦǛǩǛǜǏǔǕǝǔNJǓǞǘnjNJǜǦǘǜǐǏǕǏǑNJǗǘǕǨNjǒǜǦcǷǖǘǐǗǘ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǏǚǏnjǘƲcǎNJǐǏǏǛǕǒnjǥnjǛǨǐǒǑǗǦǐǒnjǏǜǏnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏǜǘnjǘǛǙǘǖǒ
ǗNJǗǒǩǘcǎǏǜǛǜnjǏǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǎNJǡǏǗǏǒǑNjǏǐǗǘǙǚǒnjǏǎǝǜnjNJǛǔcǜǘǖǝǐǏǘǜnjǏǜǝ

  ƷǏǎNJǚǘǖǒǖǏǗǗǘǛcNjǝǔnjǥnǎ~ǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜǛǩǧǜǒǛǕǘnjNJcǷǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǛǕǘnjNJ


nǎǘǖ~ǒcnǎǏǚǏnjǘ~
Ƽǝǜ njǏǎǦ ǝǐǏ ǛNJǖǘ ǛǕǘnjǘc Ƿ ǘǜnjǏǜ nƮǏǚǏnjǘ~c Ƿ ǘǗǘ ǒc ǕǏǛ
ǒc ǎǘǖ ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǎǘǖc Ƿ ǙǕǘǜǦ ǘǜ ǙǕǘǜǒ Ǚǚǒǚǘǎǥ Ʋc ǘǗNJ ǗǏ ǝǖǒǚNJǏǜ
   
njcǗǏǖNJcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǐǒǜǦǎǥǢNJǜǦǒcǎNJǐǏǛǜNJǚǏǏǜcǷǔǚNJǛǒnjǘnǁǏǖǛǜǘ
  !
  ǩǜǦǛǜǘǓǖǩǕǝǡǢǏǕǏǡǦǙǕNJǢǖǩƲcnjǙǝǛǔNJǜǦnjcǛǏNjǩnjǏǡǏǚǘǖǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ~
 "   
# 
 $
  
ƺNJǑǖǏǚNjǚǏnjǗNJǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǕǚNJǑǖǏǚǒǑNjǥNJcǛǚǘǔǐǒǑǗǒǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥcǷǛǚǘǔ
%

   &' ()*+,- ǐǒǑǗǒǎǘǖNJǒcǧǜǘǜǏǛǗǘǏǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜǏǗǒǏǗNJǡNJǕNJǒcǔǘǗǠNJǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǕǘǜǝǍNJǚ
./ ( :+-
;  $
 
ǖǘǗǒǨǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗNJǛǜNJǚNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ
<=><
- ?>@A ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǒc ǚNJǑǍǘnjǘǚ ǘc ǎǏǚǏnjǏc Ƿ njǛǏǍǎNJ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǥǓ Ƭc ǗǏǖ
ǎNJǐǏǝcǛNJǖǥǟǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǥǟǝǡǏǗǥǟǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜnjǥǛǔNJǔǒnjNJǜǦǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǏ
ǗNJǝǡǗǥǏ ǜǏǚǖǒǗǥ nǜǏǙǕǘǜNJ~ nǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǗǘǛǜǦ~ nǝǨǜ~ nǙǘǕǏ~ nNJǝǚNJ~ȁ
nƬcǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǏǎǏǗǒǒǛǚǝNjǕǏǗǗǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǘȁǙǚǒǗǩǜǘǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǜǦǜǏǚǖǒ
ǗǘǖǽǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJǻcǷǙǒǢǏǜǘǎǒǗǒǑǍǕNJnjǗǥǟǏǍǘǑǗNJǜǘǔǘnjƵǏnjƵǒǛǏǗǔǘcǷ
ǗǘǗNJƺǝǛǒnjǛǏǍǎNJǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǒǽǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǻȁǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǜǘǐǏ
ǡNJǣǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǜǽǎǏǚǏnjǘǻNJcǗǏǽǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJǻ~
ƶǘǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǩ ƵǒǛǏǗǔǘ nƮǏǚǏnjǘ njc NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ~ NjǥǕNJ ǗNJǙǏ
ǡNJǜNJǗNJnjccǍǘǎǝǒcǘǛǜNJǕNJǛǦǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓnjcƻƻƻƺǔǗǒǍǘǓǍǎǏǘǙǒǛǥ
njNJǕNJǛǦǔNJǔǛǜNJǚNJǩǜNJǔǒcǗǘnjNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJcǷǒcǧǜǘǗǏǛǕǝ
ǡNJǓǗǘƺNJǛǙNJǕǛǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǒǛǔǝǚǛǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǚNJǛǙNJǕNJǛǦ
ǒcǘǗNJǛNJǖNJnƹNJǕǦǗǏǖǔNJǙǝǕǏǓnjcǛnjǩǜǝǨƺǝǛǦcǷǛǔNJǑNJǕnjccǍǘǎǝƫǕǘǔ
ǒcǝǜǘǡǗǒǕcǷnjcǔǘǗǎǘnjǝǨnjcǒǑNjǩǗǝǨnjcǜǘǕǛǜǘǑNJǎǝǨ~ƺǝǛǛǔNJǩǚǏnjǘǕǨ
ǠǒǩǘǜǖǏǗǒǕNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǏǚǏnjǘ ǔNJǔǗǏǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǏǏǎǝǟǝnjǚǏǖǏǗǒ 
ǗǘǒcnjǛǏǡǜǘNjǥǕǘǒǑǗǏǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǗǨ ǑNJǖǏǗǒnjǏǏǔǘǕǟǘǑǘǖ ǛNJǖǝǒǎǏǨ
ǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǏǏǑNJǖǏǗǒnjǎǘǖǘǖǔǘǖǖǝǗǘǓǒcǔǘǖǖǝǗNJǕǔǘǓ ǡǜǘǝǐǍǘ
njǘǚǒǜǦǘcǠǏǚǔnjǩǟ
ƲǟǘǜǩǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖǏǗǗǘ
Ǜc ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnj nƶNJǟǘǚǔNJ~ ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJ ƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJ ǒc ǎǚǝǍǒǏ
ǢǏǎǏnjǚǥ ƬƻƿƬ ǖNJnjǑǘǕǏǓ ƵǏǗǒǗNJ ƪǕǏǔǛǏǩ ǃǝǛǏnjNJ  ǎǏǚǏnjǘ Ǚǘ
ǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǖNJǚǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕnƬcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǢǔǘǕǏǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǩcǙǚǘǢǏǕcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƪǛǛcǷ
ǎǏǚǏnjǘǔNJǔǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǎNJǐǏǗǏǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǕǘǛǦƸǗǘǘǜ
ǗǘǛǒǕǘǛǦǔcǔNJǜǏǍǘǚǒǒǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJcǷǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑ
ǗǘǍǘǞǏǗǘǖǏǗNJǜǘǍǘǙǏǚǒǘǎNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǏǓǡNJǛǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǙǚǒnjǕǏǔNJǜǦǔcǛǏNjǏ
njǗǒǖNJǗǒǏNJcǜǘǍǎNJǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛNJǗǏnjǥǑǥnjNJǕ~
ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǟǘǐǒǏǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǥǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǩǜǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǒcnjcǖǒǚǘ
njǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǘǗǘǘǜǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǙǘǎǗNJǜǒǛǔǘǖǛǜǏǔǕNJǒcNjǏǜǘǗNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ
njǏǛǦƿƿnjǏǔǖǒǚǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǕǒcǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǎǚǏnjǗǒǓǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕ
ǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǛǜǚǘǒǕǒƺNJǓǜǒcƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏƪNJǕǜǘǒcƴNJǗƶǏǓǏǚǒcƬǏǗǜǝǚǒƿǘǕǕ

6 
ǒcǀǝǖǜǘǚƺǘǎǐǏǚǛǒcƹǒNJǗǘcǷǖǗǘǍǒǏǒǑǒǟǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǙǚǒnjǏǎǏǗǥnjcǧǜǘǓ ǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǘǍǘǒcǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǘǍǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǔNJǔǒǖǘǗǘNjǥǕǘǗNJǙǚǘǜǩ
ǔǗǒǍǏnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏNJǗNJǕǘǍǒǓLJǜǘǗǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔnjǎǘǟ ǐǏǗǒǒǖǗǘǍǒǟnjǏǔǘnjǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ
ǗǘnjǏǗǒǩǒǕǒǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǩǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǟǘǚǘǢǒǓǙǘnjǘǎǛǚNJnjǗǒǜǦǔNJǔ njcǒǗǛǜǚǝǖǏǗǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǩǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒƱǗNJǖǏǗNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǎǒǔǜǝǏǜǛǟǘǐǒǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǘNjǚNJǑǠNJǖǒ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǒcǘǜǡǏǜǕǒnjǘǏǡǏǚǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǏǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǓƴǘǍǎNJǛǜǚNJǗNJnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜ
ǑNJǚǝNjǏǐǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcǔǗǒǍǏǗǏǙǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǜNJǗNJǕǘ ǘcǛnjǘǏǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǘcǔǘǚǗǩǟǒcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǟǜǏǖNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJnjǘǑǚǘǐǎNJ
ǍǒǒǒcǒǑǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJƱǎǏǛǦǗNJǖǔNJǔǚNJǑnjǒǎǒǜ ǏǜǛǩcǷnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿnjǏǔNJnjcǏǍǘǎǥǛǏǍǘǎǗǩƴǘǍǎNJNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǛǜNJ
ǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǒǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ ǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǘNjǣǏǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǔǒǏǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛNJǒcǍǕǘNjNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǎǏǚǏnjǘ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǏǏǛnjǘNjǘǎNJǔNJǔnjcnjǥNjǘǚǏǜǘǡǔǒǘǜǛǡǏǜNJǜNJǔǒcnjcǘNjǚNJǣǏ ǑNJNjǥnjNJǨǜnjcǏǏǏǍǘǎǥƲcǎNJǐǏǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǡǜǘnjcǔǗǒǍǏƬǕNJǎǒǖǒ
ǗǒǒǛcǗǏǓƪcǏǣǏǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷǛǖǏǕǘǏǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǎnjǝǟǧǜǒǟǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘnj ǚNJƹNJǙǏǚǗǘǍǘnƴǝǕǦǜǝǚNJƮnjNJ~ǗǏǜǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǒnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǏ~
ǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǒcǑNJǙNJǎǗǘǍǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǍǘƬcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǖǥǗǏǖǘǍǕǒǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNjǏǑǧǔǛǔǝǚǛNJnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǚǝǛ
ǏǛǜǦnjǜǘǚǘǓǗǘǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǙǏǚnjǘǍǘcǷǡNJǣǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖƷǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǜǘǖ ǛǔǘǍǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ǎǘǖNJ ƿƿ njǏǔNJc Ƿ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ ǔNJǔ Ǘǒ ǛǜǚNJǗǗǘ
ǡǜǘnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǛǔǘnjNJǗǛǚǏǎǘǓǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗǘǖǗǏǝǛǥǙ ǗǒǔǏǖ ǏǣǏ ǗǏ NjǥǕNJ ǗNJǙǒǛNJǗNJ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǜNJǔ ǒǕǒ ǒǗNJǡǏ ǔc ǗǏǓ ǙǚǒǔNJǛNJ
ǗǥǖǒcǐNJǎǗǥǖnjǑǍǕǩǎǘǖǡǒǗǘnjǗǒǔNJƬcǐNJǗǚǏǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǕǒǛǦǖǗǘǍǒǏǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǒ ǛǙǒǛǘǔǛNJǖǥǟǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǟǔǗǒǍǗNJǧǜǝǜǏǖǝ
ǛnjǘNjǘǎǥǍǘǚNJǑǎǘNjǘǕǦǢǏcǷǒcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǔǝǎNJǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏ ǙǚǒnjǏǎǏǗnjcǔǘǗǠǏǔǗǒǍǒ NJcǙǏǚnjNJǩǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǦǛǜNJǚǝǨǒcǗǘnjǝǨ
ƷǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǘǖǛǜǚǘǩǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJƹǘǡǏǖǝǐǏǗNJǢǏ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝNjǥǕNJǙǚǏǎǙǚǒǗǩǜNJnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǘǓnƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏ
ǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǏǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖ#ƷNJǖǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǡǜǘ njǩǗǗǘǏ~njcƶǝǑǏǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJǘǛǏǗǦǨcǍǘǎNJƪnjǜǘǚ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǧǜǘǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩǚǝǛǛǔNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǛǝǖǏǕNJǛǘǑǎNJǜǦ ǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒNjǥǕǙǚǒǍǕNJǢǏǗǛǜNJǜǦǏǏǔǝǚNJǜǘǚǘǖǒcǙǘǒǜǘǍNJǖǎnjǝǟǕǏǜǙǚǘ
ǗǏǡǜǘǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǏcǷǡǏǍǘǏǓǝnjǥǗǏǝǎNJǕǘǛǦnjcǒǗǥǟ njǏǎǏǗǗǥǟnjcNJǚǟǒnjǏǖǝǑǏǩǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǛǕǘǐǒǕNJǛǦǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǩǡǏǚǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǩ
ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǟƲcǔNJǔǗǒǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǙǚǒǡǒǗǥǝǛǙǏǟNJǕǏǐNJǜ ǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǓnjcǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǒǔcǎǏǚǏnjǝƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǔNJǐǎǥǓǑNJǕnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒǗǘǛǒǕ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǕǏǜǗǏǖǚNJǑǚǥnjǏǛcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓƲǖǏǗǗǘǘǗǛǘǑǎNJǕǜǘǖǘǣǗǘǏ ǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǏ ǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏ nƹǚǏǝǖǗǘǐǏǗǒǏ~ nƸǜnjǏǚǐǏǗǒǏ~ nƬǘǑnjǚNJǣǏ
ǙǘǕǏǗNJǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǘǎǝǟǘǜnjǘǚǩǏǜǙǘǒǛǔǒǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǑǘǎǡǒǟ ǗǒǏ~nƷǏNjǚǏǐǏǗǒǏ~ǒcǜcǎƺNJNjǘǜNJǗNJǎnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǘǓǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǦnjccǍǘǎǝ
ƬǏǎǦǟǘǜǩǎǏǚǏnjǘnjcƿƿnjǏǔǏǝǢǕǘǒǑǙǘnjǛǏǎǗǏnjǗǘǓǙǚNJǔǜǒ ǗǘǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǩnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏǛǜNJǕNJǗNJǍǕNJǑNJǟǖǏǗǩǜǦǛǩǒcnjcǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǖǘǖǏǗǜǔǝ
ǔǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǘǗǘǗǏǝǖǏǚǕǘNJcǙǏǚǏǖǏǛǜǒǕǘǛǦnjcǘNjǕNJǛǜǦǒǎǏǓǧǖǘ ǚNJǜǘǚNJǙǘǙǚǘǛǒǕǒǒǑǤǩǜǦǒǑnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒǑNJǕǥǛcnǗǏǍNJǜǒnjǗǥǖǒ~ǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǩ
ǠǒǓnjcǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǏNjǏǛǛǘǑǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǏƸǗǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕǘǜNJǖǐǒǜǦǔǗǒǍNJ ǖǒƷǏǎǘǕǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǜǦnjcǗNJǢǏǓǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǗǒǔNJǔǒǟnǘǜnjǏǚ
ǖǒnjǘǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǩǖǒǘǐǒnjNJǕǘǕǏǜǘǖnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǒǕǒǗNJǎNJǡǏnjcǙǘǟǘǎNJǟ ǐǏǗǒǓ~ǒcnǗǏNjǚǏǐǏǗǒǓ~ƬcǒǜǘǍǏǘǜnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒǔǝǚNJǜǘǚNjǥǕǘǜǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǘ
ǒcǛǙǕNJnjNJǟǙǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝƻǏnjǏǚǝǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǒǑǘnjǥnjNJǕǘǛǦnjcǙǚǘǑǏǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǏǓ ǛǔǘǚNjǗǥǓǜǚǝǎǙǚǘǙNJǕǗǏnjǏǛǦǷǒǑǜǘǓǒǛǔǚǥǒcnjǘǑǍǘǚǏǕNJǛǦǧǜNJǔǗǒǍNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔǘnjnjcǔǒǗǘǛǔNJǑǔNJǟǒcǖǝǕǦǜǞǒǕǦǖNJǟǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦ ƮǚǝǍǒǖǏǏǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖǛǜNJǕNJǙǚǏǖǒǩƪƺƿƲ;33(ǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǗNJǩ
njc ǛǖǝǜǗǥǓ ǛǒǖnjǘǕ ǔNJǔǘǓǜǘ ǙǘǜǏǚǩǗǗǘǓ Ǘǘ ǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǓ ǐǒǑǗǒ nƻǖǝǜ njccǍǘǎǝǒcǛǘNjǒǚNJǨǣNJǩǙǘǎǛnjǘǒǑǗNJǖǏǗNJǕǝǡǢǒǏǘNjǚNJǑǠǥǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ
ǗǥǓ~c Ƿ Ǚǘǜǘǖǝ ǡǜǘ njc ǗǏǖ ǛǖǏǢǒnjNJǕǒǛǦ ǛNJǖǥǏ ǚNJǑǗǥǏ NJǚǟǏǜǒǙǥ ǜNJǔ ǗǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǒcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǚNJNjǘǜNJnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǏǏǔǝǚNJǜǘ
ǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚ njc nƻǔNJǑǔǏ ǛǔNJǑǘǔ~ Ljǚǒǩ ƷǘǚǢǜǏǓǗNJ   ǍǕNJnjǗǥǖ ǍǏǚǘǏǖ ǚNJǑNJǛǏǎNJǗǒǩǐǨǚǒǒcLJǔǛǙǏǚǜǗǘǍǘǛǘnjǏǜNJǙǚǏǖǒǒǡǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘǙǘǖǘǍǕǒ
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǑNJNjǚǘǢǏǗǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖcǷǗǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓ NJnjǜǘǚǝǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǜǦǛǩǛcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǨǒcnjǑǩǜǦǗNJǛǏNjǩǛǖǏ
ǛǔǘǚǏǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǡǏǖǛǏǕǦǛǔǒǓ ǕǘǛǜǦǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǜǦnjcǗǏǓǜǘǡǜǘǎǘǕǐǗǘǘǛǜNJǜǦǛǩnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƷǘǟǘǜǩnjǛǏ
ƹǘǔNJǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘnjǛǏǙǒǢǝǣǒǏǘcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒ ǙǘNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǒǙǚǏǖǒǒnjcǗǘǖǒǗNJǠǒǒnƱNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǎǘǖ~njǘǢǕǒnjcǧǜǝǔǗǒǍǝ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǘǒǑǗǘǛǩǜǛǕǘnjNJnǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǛǜǦ~nǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǒǏ~ ǗǏǕǦǑǩǗǏǙǚǒǑǗNJǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǖǥǑǗNJǏǖǘcǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǒǍǘǚNJǑǎǘNjǘǕǦǢǏ
nǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ~ ƸǎǗNJǔǘ Ǘǒǔǜǘ ǗǏ ǝǜǚǝǐǎNJǏǜ ǛǏNjǩ ǛǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǏǖ ǏǏ ǍǘǡǒǛǕNJǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǟǑǎNJǗǒǓƽnjǥNjǕNJǍǘǛǕǘnjǏǗǗǥǓǐNJǗǚǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ
ǛcǎǚǝǍǒǖǒǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǖǒcǷǟǘǜǩǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ ǒǖǏǏǜǒcǛnjǘǒǖǒǗǝǛǥǎNJǕǏǔǘǗǏnjǛǏǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǍǘǜǘnjǥNJǞǒǢǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǙǘǎ
ǒǕǒǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǘ njǘǖǗǘǍǒǟǒǑǗǒǟƼǘǏǛǜǦnjǥǩnjǒǜǦnjcǡǏǖǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ njǏǎǘǖǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǒǖǢǏǎǏnjǚǥƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǖǥnjǥNjǒǚNJǕǒnjcǔǗǒǍǝǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ǗǘǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩǧǜNJnǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǛǜǦ~ǙǝǜǏǖǛǚNJnjǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǍǘNJǗNJǕǒǑNJǗǒ ǛNJǖǘǏǕǝǡǢǏǏcǷǒcǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǘǗNJǘǜǚNJǐNJǏǜnjǏǛǦǛǙǏǔǜǚǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏ
ǔǘǖǝǗǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjNJǐǗǥǖLJǜǘǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǎǝǖNJǜǦǡǜǘnjǛǏǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǒ njǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǘNjǥǗNJǜǩǐǔǘǓƲcnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǠǏǗǒǜǏǕǒǜǚNJ
ǘǣǝǣNJǨǜǑNJǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǗǏǔǒǏnjǗǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǏ ǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǍǘǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǛcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒNjǝǎǝǜnjǘǑǖǝǣǏǗǥǗǏǗNJǓǎǩ
ǛǖǥǛǕǥnjNJǐǗǥǏǛNJǖǒǙǘǛǏNjǏǙǚǒǗǩǜǥǏǗNJnjǏǚǝ ǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǘǎǝǔǠǒǒǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǓnƱǘǎǡǒǓ~ǒǕǒnƼǏǚǏǖǤ~ƷǘǔǗǒǍNJǗǏǎNJǚǘǖ
ƺǒǛǔǗǏǖǙǚǏǎǙǘǕǘǐǒǜǦǡǜǘnjcƿƿnjǏǔǏ NJcǙǘǎNJnjǕǩǨǣǏǏNjǘǕǦ njǥǟǘǎǒǜnjcǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖǏƶǝǑǏǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnƭNJ
ǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǔǗǒǍǘcǗǏǖǗNJǙǒǛNJǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǘǍǎNJ ǎǏǚǏnjǘǎǕǩƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǜNJǗǘ ǚNJǐ~ǒcǏǛǕǒǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǒǑǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǙǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǒǜNJǜǏǕǨnǛNJǚNJǏǖ~ǜǘǧǜǘ
njǒǜǛǩ NjǘǕǦǢǏ ǡǏǖ ǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖ ƲǑ ǘNjǥǎǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǛNJǖǘǍǘ ǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǡǜǘnjcǜǘǖǛNJǚNJǏǗǘǡǏnjNJǕǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ

8 
LJǜNJ ǔǗǒǍNJ ǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǖ ǘNjǚNJǑǘǖ ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕNJ Ǜǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǝ njǥǢǏ ƴǝǚǍNJǗǘnjNJƶǒǕNJƾǒǎǏǕǦǖNJǗƪǗǜǘǗƶǒǕǒǗƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƱNJǔǛƷNJǜNJǢNJ
ǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǟǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘ ǂǏǗǎǚǒǔLjǕǒǩƹǏǢǔǘnjNJƪǚǛǏǗǒǓƫǥǡǔǘnjLJǜǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǔǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ
ǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗNJǑǎǏǛǦǡǏǚǏǑǔǘǗǔǚǏǜǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǔ ǚǥ ǙǘǖǘǍNJnjǢǒǏ ǖǝǎǚǥǖǒ ǛǘnjǏǜNJǖǒ ƸǕǦǍNJ ƻǏnjNJǗ ƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnj ƸǚǞǒǗ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǜǥƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǜNJǔǙǒǢǏǜǛǩǕǨNjNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǘǜǢǏǎǏnjǚNJ ǛǔǒǓ ƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƺǏnjǑǒǗ ƶNJǚǒǩ ƷNJǣǘǔǒǗNJ LjǚǒǓ ƬǘǕǡǘǔ ƲǕǦǩ ƹǏǡǫǗ
ǔcǢǏǎǏnjǚǝǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǏǣǏǒcǔNJǐǎNJǩǍǕNJnjNJcǷǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǓǎǘǖƲcǧǜǘǗǏ ǔǒǗƪǗǗNJƫǚǘǗǘnjǒǠǔNJǩƫǘǚǒǛǁǝǟǘnjǒǡƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƹNJǙǏǚǗǥǓƴǛǏǗǒǩ
ǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǎNJǗǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǝǔǕǒǙǘnjǘǖǝǛǘǑǗNJǗǒǨǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǜǚǏǑnjǘǏ ƪǔǛǏǕǦǚǘǎƶǒǕNJƴǚNJǛǒǕǘnjNJƪǗǎǚǏǓƲnjNJǗǘnjLJǜǘǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǒƺǝǛ
ǙǘǗǒǖNJǗǒǏǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǩnjcǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǖǙǘǗǒǖNJǗǒǒcǷǔNJǔǛnjǩǑǗǥǓ ǛǔǘǍǘ ƻǏnjǏǚNJ njǏǚǗǥǏ ǛǙǝǜǗǒǔǒ njc ǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǩǟ Ǚǘ ǗǏǖǝ ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ
ǗNJǚǚNJǜǒnjcǷǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjǛǏNjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǜǒǡǗǘǓǒcnjǛǏǖǏǗǏǏNJǔ ƭǝǎǔǘnj ǒc ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƮǝǎǗǏnj LJǜǘ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥ ǜǘǗǔǘ ǗNJǛǜNJnjǕǩnjǢǒǏ
ǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǓLJǜǘǖǘǐǗǘǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǒcnjcǗNJǢǏǖǙǚǏǎǒǛǕǘnjǒǒǝcNJnjǜǘǚNJNjǥǕ ǒc ǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǩnjǢǒǏ NJnjǜǘǚNJ ƸǕǏǍ ƹǘǙǘnj ƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƪǛǛ LjǚǒǓ ƪnjnjNJǔǝǖǘnj
ǛǘNjǕNJǑǗǒǑǕǘǐǒǜǦǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJnjǘǘNjǣǏƷǘǙǘǜǘǖNjǥǕǘ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƵǥǑǕǘnjƶNJǚǔƭǝǚNJǚǒƷǒǔǒǜNJƺǥNjǒǗƶNJǔǛǒǖƪǜNJǩǗǠƪǗǜǘǗ
ǚǏǢǏǗǘǘǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǜNJǔǝǨǜǏǖǝǔNJǔnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏ~ǙǘǛǔǘǕǦ ƷNJǎǜǘǡǒǓǒcƬǏǚNJƫǝǜǔǘƯǕǏǗNJƹǝǙǥǢǏnjNJƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗ
ǔǝǘǗǐǒnjǏǜnjǛǏǐǏǙǘǒǗǥǖǑNJǔǘǗNJǖǡǏǖǎǘǖǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓƻcǛǘǐNJǕǏ ǎǚǒǗNJƵǏnjNJǗǎǘnjǛǔNJǩǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǜǘǚǥƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƹǘǙǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƷǒ
ǗǒǏǖNjǥǕNJǘǜǚǒǗǝǜNJǒcǜǏǖNJnǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǝǛNJǎǏNjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~cǷǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝ ǔǒǜǒǗƪǗǜǘǗƶNJǕǦǠǏnjLJǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǏǔǚǒǜǒǔǒǛcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒnjǖǏǛǜǏ
ǘǗNJǒǖǏǏǜǕǒǢǦǔǘǛnjǏǗǗǘǏǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǏǔcǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǨǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǖǗǘǍǘNjǥǕǘǛǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǗǘƯǕǏǗNJƭǘǗǛNJǕǏǛƼNJǜǦǩǗNJǂǘnjǛǔNJǩƶNJǚǒǩ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ƾNJǎǏǏnjNJLJǜǘǛǘǜǚǝǎǗǒǔǒƶǝǑǏǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǔNJǔNjǥnjǢǒǏǜNJǔǒcǎǏǓ
ƯǎnjNJǕǒǧǜǝǔǗǒǍǝǛǜǘǒǜǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǔNJǔǙǘǛǘNjǒǏǎǕǩǐǏ ǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǏ  ƲǚǒǗNJ ƴǘǚǘNjǦǒǗNJ ƯǕǒǑNJnjǏǜNJ ƵǒǟNJǡǏnjNJ ƼNJǜǦǩǗNJ ƮǝǎǒǗNJ
ǕNJǨǣǒǟ njǥǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǎǘǖ ƫǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘ ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǟ ƵǨǎǖǒǕNJ ƻNJǓǍǒǗNJ ƼNJǜǦǩǗNJ ƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ ƷNJǎǏǐǎNJ ƻǖǘǕǒǗNJ ƶNJǚǒǩ ƺǘǍǘ
ǑǎǏǛǦǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǒcǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǒcǛǔǘǚǏǏǙǚǘǟǘǎǩǜǙǘ ǑǒǗNJƵǏnjƺNJǛǛNJǎǗǒǔǘnjƶNJǚǒǩƪǖǏǜǘnjNJǗǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘcǷƲǚǒǗNJƾǒǗǛǔNJǩ
njǏǎǘǖǛǜnjǝǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJǡǏǖǩnjǕǩǨǜnjcǛǘnjǘǔǝǙǗǘǛǜǒnǔNJǜNJǕǘǍǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǟ LJǜǘǎǒǚǏǔǜǘǚƴǏǗǘǑǏǚǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǙNJǚǔNJƯǕǏǗNJǂNJǜǔǘnjǛǔNJǩ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnj~ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǖǥǛǜNJǚNJǕǒǛǦǎNJǜǦǡǒǜNJǜǏǕǨnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦnǙǚǒ ǑNJǖǏǛǜǒǜǏǕǦ ǎǒǚǏǔǜǘǚNJ Ǚǘ ǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒ ǖǝǑǏǩǑ NJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔNJ nƴǒǐǒ~
ǖǏǚǒǜǦ~ǗNJǛǏNjǩǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǧǜǒǟǎǘǖǘnjnnjǘǓǜǒ~njcǗǏǍǘcǷǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǛǏǍ ƼNJǜǦǩǗNJƷǏǑnjǒǠǔNJǩǚǝǔǘnjǘǎǒǜǏǕǦǙǚǘǏǔǜNJ;SSH;SVOWƸǕǏǍƮǦǩǡǏǗǔǘ
ǎNJǎNJnjNJǕǒǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǒǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘnjǒcǙǕNJǗǥƿǘǜǩǒcǜǝǜnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǩǒǛǔNJǕǒ ǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǧǔǘǙNJǚǔNJnljǛǗǘƹǘǕǏ~ƮǖǒǜǚǒǓǁǏǚǏǙǔǘnjLJǜǘnjǛǏǔǜǘǙǘ
ǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǒǛǛcǖǏǐǎǝǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǖnjǛǏǙǘǎǚǘNjǗǘǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǒcnjǥǎǏǕǒǜǦǛNJǖǘǏ ǖǘǍ ǛǘNjǚNJǜǦ ǒǕǕǨǛǜǚNJǠǒǒ ǔc ǧǜǘǓ ǔǗǒǍǏ ƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ ưǒǕǒǗNJ ƪǓnjǒǩ ƫNJǚ
njNJǐǗǘǏǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘǚǘǓǐǏǚǜnjǘnjNJǕǒǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒǒcǎNJǐǏǙǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǖǒǙǕNJ ǎNJƬǏǚNJƺǘǓǜǏǚLjǕǒǩƪǚǎNJNjǦǏnjǛǔNJǩƬNJǚǩƫNJNjǒǠǔNJǩƮǏǗǒǛƺǘǖǘǎǒǗ
ǗNJǖǒǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǩǘǎǒǗǛNJǖǥǓǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǥǓ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƴǘǐǏnjǗǒǔǘnjƶNJǚǒǗNJƿǚǝǛǜNJǕǫnjNJƻǏǚǍǏǓƻǏǖǫǗǘnjLjǕǒǩ
ƬǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǏǒǑnjǒǗǏǗǒǓǘǜǖǏǜǒǖǡǜǘǛǕǘnjǘnǒǑNjNJ~ǒǖǏǏǜ ƫǥǡǔǘnjNJƮǖǒǜǚǒǓƮǚǘǑǎǏǠǔǒǓƻǏǚǍǏǓǁǘNjNJǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƮǝNjǘǛNJǚǛǔǒǓ
njcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǩǑǥǔǏǔNJǔǛǜǚǘǍǘǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǖǥǛǕ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǔǕǏǜǦ LJǜǘǜǏǔǜǘǡǒǜNJǕǒcǚǏǠǏǗǑǒǚǘnjNJǕǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǔǗǒǍǒǒǕǒǙǘ
Ǜc ǙǏǡǦǨ  ǜNJǔ ǒc ǚNJǛǢǒǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ njǛǩǔǒǓ ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǓ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǖǘǍNjǏǛǠǏǗǗǥǖǛǘnjǏǜǘǖƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƭNJnjǚǒǕǘnjƾǏǎǘǚƻNJnjǒǗǠǏnjƮǏǗǒǛ
ǎǘǖ cǷǒcǖǥǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǖǛǏNjǏǝǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǩǜǦǏǍǘnjcǔǗǒǍǏǒǖǏǗǗǘnjǘnjǜǘǚǘǖ ƲnjNJǗǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnjǒcƸǕǦǍNJƭǘǕǘnjǒǡǏǚƷNJǛǜNJǛǦǩƲnjNJǗǘnjNJƼNJ
ƷNJǎǏǏǖǛǩǡǜǘǎǘNjǚǥǓǡǒǜNJǜǏǕǦǙǚǘǛǜǒǜǧǜǒǗǏǎǘǡǏǜǥǎǘǙǝ ǜǦǩǗNJƭǗǏǎǘnjǛǔNJǩƺNJǎNJƵNJǗǎNJǚǦLJǕǏǘǗǘǚNJƹNJǛǜǘǗƬǏǚNJƵǏǘǗǘnjNJƷNJ
ǣǏǗǗǥǏǗNJǖǒǛcNjǏǛǙǘǔǘǓǛǜnjǘǖǗǘǛǘǑǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǘcǷǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǒǢǦǑNJǜǏǖǡǜǘ ǜNJǕǦǩƪǕǏǔǛǏǏnjNJƻǏǖǏǗƭǘǍǕǏnjƪǛǩƮǝǗNJǏnjǛǔNJǩƪǗǗNJƶǘǗǍNJǓǜƻǘǞǦǩ
NjǥǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǙǘǕǗǘǎǘǗǏǛǜǒǒcǚNJǑǎǏǕǒǜǦǛcǗǒǖǗNJǢǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǔcǚǝǛǛǔǘ ƭNJnjǚǒǕǘnjNJLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǐǏǎǒǚǏǔǜǘǚƶǝǑǏǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ
ǖǝǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJǗNJǢǒǟǍǕNJǑNJǟǘNjǚǏǜNJǏǜnjǜǘǚǝǨǐǒǑǗǦ nƭNJǚNJǐ~ƪǗǜǘǗƫǏǕǘnjǒcǚǏǎNJǔǜǘǚƸǕǦǍNJƮǝNjǒǠǔNJǩǕǨNjǒǖǥǏǎǒǑNJǓǗǏ
ƷNJǖǐǏǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǙǘNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǒǜǦnjǛǏǟǜǏǟǔǜǘǜNJǔǒǕǒǒǗNJ ǚǥƮǖǒǜǚǒǓƶǘǚǎnjǒǗǠǏnjǒcƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJƮNJǗǒǕǨǔƪcǜNJǔǐǏƷǒǗNJƾǒǚǛǘnjNJ
ǡǏ ǙǘǖǘǍ ǙǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǨ ǧǜǘǓ ǔǗǒǍǒ LJǜǘ ǛǘǑǎNJǜǏǕǒ ǙǚǏǖǒǒ ƪƺƿƲ;33( ǒcƷNJǎǩƷǒǕǒǗNJNjǏǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒNjǥǗǏNjǥǕǘ
LjǕǒǩƱǒǗǔǏnjǒǡƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƵǦnjǘnjǛǔǒǓƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩƾǏǜǒǛǘnjNJ NJǜNJǔǐǏ
ǏǏ ǙǚǏǎNJǗǗǥǏ ǚNJNjǘǜǗǒǠǥ ƶNJǢNJ ƴǝǙǘnjǏǠǔNJǩ ǒc ƪǗǗNJ ƶNJǕǨǜǒǗNJ  LJǜǘ
ǡǕǏǗǥ LJǔǛǙǏǚǜǗǘǍǘ ǛǘnjǏǜNJ ǙǚǏǖǒǒ  ǕǏǜ ǗǏǝǛǜNJǗǗǘ ǚNJǎǏǨǣǒǏ ǘc ǎǏ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ
ƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍƬǕNJǎǒǛǕNJnjƻNJnjǒǗǔǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƴǝǑǦǖǒǗƵNJǚǒǛNJƴǘǙǥǕǘnjNJ
LjǕǒǩƼNJǚNJNjNJǚǒǗNJƯnjǍǏǗǒǩƭǏǚǢǔǘnjǒǡƶNJǚǒǗNJƲǍǗNJǜǝǢǔǘƸǕǏǍƹNJǗǒǜ
ǔǘnj ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƵǘǐǔǒǗ ƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƾǏǛǏǗǔǘ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƺǏǖǒǑǘnj LJǜǘ
ǜǏ ǔǜǘ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǕ ǗNJǎ ǗNJǢǒǖǒ njǥǛǜNJnjǔNJǖǒ ǙǚǘǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǩ Ǚǝǜǒ njǒǑǝNJǕǦ
ǗǘǓǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǠǒǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƪǗǜǘǗƴǘǡǝǚǔǒǗƪǕǒǛNJ

10 
 


N 
 ; O
 P; - @Q>I
ƸǜǘǖǡǜǘnǗNJǚǝǐǗǥǓnjǒǎǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ
ǒǑNjǥǖNJǕǘǙǏǚǏǖǏǗǒǕǛǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒ

  


ƶǏǓǏǚNjǏǚǍNJ~ǙǒǛNJǕǎNJǐǏƹǝǢǔǒǗ
nƷǒǡǜǘǜNJǔǗǏǙǘǟǘǐǏǗNJǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǎǏ
ǚǏnjǗǨnjccǍǘǎǝǔNJǔǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǎǏǚǏnj
ǗǩnjccǍǘǎǝƲǑNjNJǖǏǕǦǗǒǠNJǑNJ
NjǘǚcǷǎNJǐǏǧǜNJǏǕǔNJǧǜǘǙǏǡNJǕǦǗǘǏ
ǜNJnjǚǘǛǏnjǏǚǗǘǓǙǚǒǚǘǎǥcǷǗǒǡǜǘǔNJ
1
ǐǏǜǛǩǗǏǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǘǛǦ~ ƲcǟǘǜǩǚǒǛǝǗ
ǔǒNJnjǛǜǚǒǓǛǔǘǍǘǎǒǙǕǘǖNJǜNJǎNJnjǗǘǝǐǏ
ǙǚǒǑǗNJǗǥǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǖǒNJcnƹǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǏǒǑƶǘǛǔnjǥnjcƹǏǜǏǚ
NjǝǚǍ~ǛǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǛNJǖǥǖǩǚǔǒǖǙǚǒǖǏǚǘǖǛNJǖǘǠǏǗǑǝǚǥnjcǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjǏƹǝǢ
ǔǒǗNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǝǨǑǘǚǔǘǛǜǦǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǍǘǗǒǔǜǘǗǏǘǛǙNJǚǒnjNJǏǜƬǏǔǛǙǝǛǜǩ
ǏǍǘǛǕǘnjNJǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǐǎNJǏǜǒǛǜǘǚǒǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƶǒǟNJǒǕƴǚNJǛǘnjǛǔǒǓnjǑǎǥǟNJǩ
ǡǜǘǛNJǖǥǏǛǜNJǚǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJƺǘǛǛǒǒǎNJǜǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǔǘǗǠǘǖ<:---cnjǏǔNJ
" 

  - NJcǗǒǡǏǍǘNjǘǕǏǏǎǚǏnjǗǏǍǘǝǐǗǏǜǒcǙǘǗǩǜǦǔNJǔǐǒǕǒǗNJǢǒǙǚǏǎǔǒǖǘǐǗǘ
 <  "   
J
  
ǕǒǢǦǙǝǜǏǖǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǓǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǝNjǏǐǎNJǩǛǦǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǡǜǘǐǒǕǒǘǗǒ
"   

<K ǜǘǡǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǐǒnjǏǜǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǒcǛǏǓǡNJǛcǷnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏnjǏǔNJƿƿ
% %
 
<% 
  
-
ƸǎǗNJǔǘƴǚNJǛǘnjǛǔǒǓǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǑNJǛǔǘNjǔNJǖǒǛNJǖǥǓǛǜNJǚǥǓǒǑ
N JB- )
 


- )

    ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒnjǢǒǟǛǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjcǷǎǘǖǒǔƹǏǜǚNJ-njcƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚ

<(;:
 <'  
 (;

 -
   
   + B%-<@
ǍǏƯǣǏnjc<:---cnjǏǔǏǛǙǚǩǜNJǗǗǥǓnjcǎǘǖǞǝǜǕǩǚǘǗNjǕNJǍǘǙǘǕǝǡǗǘǎǘǐǒǕǎǘ
' +- @HH@ @=GM & , ǗNJǢǒǟǎǗǏǓǛǜNJnjǖǝǑǏǏǖƷǘǘǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǏǍǘƴǚNJǛǘnjǛǔǒǓǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǖǝ
ǡǜǘ ǎǘǖǒǔ ǞǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘ ǙǚǒǗNJǎ
ǕǏǐǒǜǔcǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǐǒnjǏǜnjǛǏ
ǐǏǙǘǒǗǥǖǑNJǔǘǗNJǖǗǘǒcǙǘǜǘ
ǖǝǡǜǘnjǏǛǦǙNJǞǘǛǧǜǘǍǘǛǘǘǚǝ
ǐǏǗǒǩnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘNjǥǗǏNjǥǜǦǒǑ
NjǘǓƲcǞǘǚǖNJǖǒǒcǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǩǖǒ
ǒcǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǘǓǘǗǗǒǔNJǔǗNJǗǏǏǗǏ
ǙǘǟǘǎǒǜǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘ
NjǚǏnjǗNJǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǚNJǛǔǚNJǢǏǗǥǙǘǎ
ǔǒǚǙǒǡNJcǍǘǗǜǔǚǥǢǒǑNJǖNJǛǔǒǚǘ
njNJǗǙǘǎǡǏǚǏǙǒǠǝ
ƶǘǐǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǡǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǜǎǘǖ
ǖNJǕǘǑǗNJǡNJǣǏǓ ǖNJǚǍǒǗNJǕǒǏǓ ǗNJ ǙǘǕǩǟ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǒǑNjǥ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ
ǏǣǏǎnjNJnjǏǔNJǙǘǛǕǏƹǏǜǚNJNjǝǎǏǜNjǕNJǍǘǙǘǕǝǡǗǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦ ǗǘǗNJǖ
ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjNJǐǗǥǖǡǜǘƷǘnjǘǏnjǚǏǖǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǛcǧǜǘǍǘǘǜǚǒǠNJ
ǗǒǩǒǑNjǥcǷǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦǗǒǠǥnjǛǏǟǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǟǗNJǡNJǕƪcnjǛǩǎNJǕǦǗǏǓǢNJǩ
ǒǛǜǘǚǒǩ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ǎǘǖNJ NjǝǎǏǜ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǏǓ ǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǒǑ
NjǥnjNJǗǒǩǒǑNjǥƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǒcǔǗǒǍNJǧǜNJǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǕNJǛǦn+SSHF]I
@ ;:
<-- ;:


ǒǑNjNJ~ƲcǟǘǜǩǧǜǘǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǛǨǐǏǜǗǘǓ
' B <; CC D 

ǕǒǗǒǒ ǘǗǘ njǛǏ ǐǏ ǗǏ ǠǏǕǒǔǘǖ ǒǛǡǏǚǙǥnjNJǕǘ ǘNjǣǝǨ ǔNJǚǜǒǗǝ ǙǘǡǏǖǝ
 

 <@>  E- '-F #.)
@GH?- -<IAG- ǒcNjǥǕǘǘǜnjǏǚǍǗǝǜǘ

12 
  
!"
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ƸǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǏǗNJǙǒǛNJǗǥǛǘǜǗǒǔǗǒǍ ǕǝǡǢǒǏǒǑǗǒǟǙǚǒnjǏǎǏǗǥnjcNjǒNjǕǒ
ǘǍǚNJǞǒǒ ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǖǥǗǏǛǜNJǗǏǖǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǜǦǛNJǖǧǜǘǜǞǏǗǘǖǏǗNJcǘNjǚNJǜǒǖ
njǗǒǖNJǗǒǏǗNJǜǘǡǜǘǘǙǒǛNJǗǘǙǕǘǟǘǗǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǔǚNJǓǗǏnjNJǐǗǥǖǎǕǩǧǜǘǓ
ǔǗǒǍǒcǷǗNJǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǨǘNjǚNJǑNJǒǑNjǥ
ƯǛǕǒǙǘǕǒǛǜNJǜǦnjǏǕǒǔǝǨǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǝǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǜ
ǛǩǡǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǧǜǘǜnjcǗǏǓǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǝǍǚǨǖnǁǏǜǥǚǏǛǜǏǗǥǎǘǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥǙǘ
ǔǚǥǜǥǏǜNJǔǔNJǔǒcnjǏǛǦǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǛNJǐǏǨǙǘǕnjcǣǏǕǩǟǗNJnjǏǚǢǘǔǙǘǔǚNJǓǗǏǓ
ǖǏǚǏǙǘǚǘǛǢǒǓǍǚǩǑǦǨǙǏǡǦNjǏǑǜǚǝNjǥǗǘǕǝǡǢNJǩǑNJǣǒǜNJǘǜǟǘǕǘǎNJǒcǎǥǖ
njǛǩǔǘǏǝǜǚǘǑǒǖǘǨǒcǕǏǜǘǖǗNJǙǘǕǗǩǨǣǒǓǒǑNjǝ~cǷǧǜǘƺNJǎǒǣǏnjnƷNJǢNJ
njǏǜǟNJǩǕNJǡǝǐǔNJƲcǙǏǡNJǕǦǗNJǒcǜǏǖǗNJ~cǷǙǘǎǟnjNJǜǥnjNJǏǜƹǝǢǔǒǗƻǘǑǗNJǏǜ
ǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǛǜǦǛnjǘǏǍǘǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǩƵǏǚǖǘǗǜǘnjnƻcǘǜǚNJǎǘǓǖǗǘǍǒǖǗǏǑǗNJǔǘ
ǖǘǓ~njǒǎǒǜnǛcǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǛǜNJnjǗǩǖǒǘǔǗǘ~nƬǏǜǏǚǢNJǜNJǏǜǒǑNjǏǗǔǝǝNjǘǍǝǨ~cǷ
ǧǜǘƷǏǔǚNJǛǘnjnȁƫǚǏnjǗNJnjcǛǜǏǗNJǟǕǏǐNJǕǒǔǚǒnjǘǒcǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǒǑNjNJǛǒǨ
ǖǒǗǝǜǝǚNJǑnjNJǕǒǜǛǩ~cǷǧǜǘǝǐǏǁǏǟǘnjƷǝǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠnǛǏǚǥǏ~ǒǑNjǥnǗǒǣǏǓ
ƺǘǛǛǒǒ~ǝcƫǕǘǔNJnjcnǒǑNjǩǗǝǨ~ǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǗNJǎǘ
nǙNJǕǦǗǝǜǦǙǝǕǏǓ~ N  V &Z[OOO<, ǜǥǖǗǏNjǘǖ~ƪcǚǘǕǦƿǘǕǖǘǍǘǚnjcNjNJǓǘǙǒǔǏnƶǒǟNJǓǕǘƵǘǖǘǗǘǛǘnj~  Ǜǥ
< ;B
ƬǡǝǜǦǖǏǗǏǏnjǏǕǒǔǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǒǘNj "
   
ǍǚNJǕNJǛNJǖNJǩǔǚNJǛǒnjNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǩƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJcǷƴǒǖǐNJ
ǚNJǑǒǑNjǥǗǏǜNJǔǙǏǡNJǕǏǗǗǘǒǖǏǏǜǛǝǍǝNjǘǞǘ &J
,- X
  X
 ƽǡǏǗǥǖ ǎǘǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǥƿƿnjǏǔNJ ǒǑNjNJǗǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǘǜNJǔ
#- @GIQ
ǗǘnjǘǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏƽcƾǏǎǘǚNJƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjNJcǷǔNJǔ ǐǏǔNJǔǙǩǜǒǧǜNJǐǔNJǒcǜǘǓǒcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǖǗǘǍǘǒcǜNJǒcǎǚǝǍNJǩǛǕǒǢǔǘǖ
ǙǚǒǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǔcǏǍǘǎǘǚǘǍNJǖǝcƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƻNJnj ǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjNJƽcǙǏǚnjǘǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǜǏǕǩƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJƻǝǛǕǘnjNJnjcǏǍǘ
ǚNJǛǘnjNJcǷǔNJǔǗNJǛǏǛǜǎǕǩǏǍǘǍǚNJǡǏǓǝcǙǏǚǏ nƹNJǖǩǜǗǒǔNJǟǎǚǏnjǗǏǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJ~njǛǏǍǘǎnjǏǒǑNjǥǝcƲǍǘǚǩƭǚNJNjNJǚǩ
ǎnjǒǐǗǒǔǘnjcǷǔNJǔǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǒǜǩǐǏǕǘǓǐǒǑǗǒ njcǖǘǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǒǘcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǏǓǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǘǎnjNJNJNjǑNJ
ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJƿǘǜǩǛNJǖNJǩǜǚNJǍǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǒǑNjNJcǷ ǠNJǎNJǒcǜǘnjǏǛǦǖNJǛǔǏǙǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟnLJǜǒǒǑNjǥǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǥǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǖǏǛǜNJǟcǷ
ǟǘǕǘǎǗNJǩǜǏǖǗNJǩǛcǗǒǑǔǒǖǙǘǜǘǕǔǘǖcǷǛǒǖ ǙǒǢǏǜǘǗcǷǍǎǏǽǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǏǻnjǔǝǛǥǗǏǝǛǙǏǕǒǏǣǏǙǚǘǕǘǐǒǜǦǛǏNjǏǎǘǚǘ
3
"

 
 - njǘǕǒǑǒǚǝǏǜǔǚNJǟǔǚǝǙǗǘǍǘǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǏǩǜǏǕǩǧǜǘ Ǎǒ~ ƭǚNJNjNJǚǦǒǖǏǏǜnjcnjǒǎǝǒǑNjǥƸǕǘǗǏǠǔǘǓǍǝNjǏǚǗǒǒǗNJǡNJǕNJ<-<cnjǏǔNJǍǎǏ
':
  <! -
1883
nƶǏǗǢǒǔǘnjnjcƫǏǚǫǑǘnjǏ~ƹǚNJnjǎNJǎǘǛǜǘnjǏǚǗǘǛǜǦǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏ ǏǣǏnǡǝnjǛǜnjǝǨǜǛǩǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒnjǘǛǟǘǎǩǣǒǏǔcǎNJnjǗǒǖnjǚǏǖǏ
4
ǗǒǩǒǑNjǥnjǥǑǥnjNJǕNJǛǘǖǗǏǗǒǩǝǐǏǝcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔǘnj nƬǏǎǦ 2 R <'-"- N
 
-
ǗNJǖǒcǡǝǎǒǜǛǩNjǝǎǜǘnjǛǏǏǣǏǐǒnjǎǝǟǚǘǎǗǩǣǒǓǒǑNjǝǛcǟǚNJǖǘǖ~ ƿǚNJǖǥ
2
ǏǛǕǒnjNJǢƶǏǗǢǒǔǘnjnjǛǜNJǗǏǜǜǘǘǗǙǚǘNjǦǏǜǍǘǕǘnjǘǓǙǘǜǘǕǘǔ~ cǷǑNJǖǏǡNJǕ "

< % 


ǐǏǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǛǜNJǕǒǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǒǍǏǚǘǩǖǒǖǘǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǒnƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
'-F<   @GMG- -<=H-
ƲnjNJǗƴǚNJǖǛǔǘǓ NJcǒǛǜǘǚǒǔǒǎǘǔNJǑNJǕǒǡǜǘǐǒǕǘǙNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏnjcǜNJ 3 #<-S- N   - ǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘ~ǒǑǎNJǗǗǘǓnjc  ǍǘǎǝNJcǒǑNjNJǖǜNJǖǘǜnjǏǎǏǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǒǠ
   &<  -
ǔǘǖǝǐNJǛǏƷǘǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǖǡNJǛǜǘǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǖNJǗǒǙǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ  <T-T-<#  B,<CC #-
ǒcǜǘǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǕǒǢǦǎǚǏnjǗǒǖǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǖ
ǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǙǘǎǍǘǗǩǩǏǏǙǘǎǛnjǘǒǗǝǐǎǥǜNJǔƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƬǏǗǏǠǒNJǗǘnj <-S- U<  E
 -
ƹǚǒǡǒǗǥǜNJǔǘǍǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǔcǒǑNjǏnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǥcǷǒǟǛǞǘǚ
'-F R @GHG- -<?IA-
njǥǙǒǕǒǕnjcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǍǝǖǗǏǠǏǕǝǨǛǜǏǗǝǚNJǎǒǎǘǛǜǒǐǏǗǒǩǗǝǐǗǘǍǘǛnjǏ 4 V $- ǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǕǏǣǏƲnjNJǗƫǒǕǒNjǒǗnjccǍǘǎǝnǀǏǙǒǛǙNJǕǒȁǗNJǚǘǎǛǜǚǏǖǒǜǛǩ
5 !


<-W- R    
ǜǘnjǘǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜNJnjcǔNJǚǜǒǗǏnƭǝǖǗǘ~  ƲǛNJNJǔƵǏnjǒǜNJǗnjǥǚnjNJǕǛcǔǘǚǗǏǖ X <CC  W  

ǒǎǜǒnjǙǏǚǏǎȁNJcǛcǛNJǚNJǞNJǗNJǖǒǒcnjǛǏǖǚǝǔǘǎǏǕǒǏǖǝcǗǏǍǘǛnjǩǑNJǗǥnjǘǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǩ
5
ǠǏǚǔnjǝǢǔǝǒǑƹǕǏǛNJǒcǙǏǚǏǖǏǛǜǒǕǏǏǗNJǘǑǏǚǘƽǎǘǖǕǩǛǘǑǎNJnjǗNJǔNJǚǜǒǗǏ !


- 
- ;
- " % -
ǛNJǖǥǏǜǩǐǏǕǥǏǒcǝǗǒǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǏ~ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǒǑNjNJǗNJǖǏǚǜnjǘǛǙNJǩǗNJǛcǜǩǐǔǘǓǐǒǑ


 <E $
- )-F . $

nƷNJǎnjǏǡǗǥǖǙǘǔǘǏǖ~  ǙǏǚnjǥǓnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒnǖǝǑǏǓǙǘǎǘǜǔǚǥ XTX @GQ>- -<I@YI?- ǗǦǨǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJǒcǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǒǗǥǟNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǓnjǥǑǥnjNJǜǦnjcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏ

14 
ǗǏǛǙǘǛǘNjǗNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǒǖǏǗǗǘƫǒǕǒNjǒǗǙǏǚnjǥǖǚNJǛǙǘǑǗNJǕ ǒcǔǚǘnjǦǗNJǚǘǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǩǛǜNJǕǘǗǏǘǜǤǏǖǕǏǖǘǓǡNJǛǜǦǨǏǍǘNjǥǜǒǩǒcǎǝǟǘnj
10
ǔǚNJǛǘǜǝƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJǒcǗNJǍǕǩǎǗǘǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǏǏ ǙǘǎǙǝǛǜǒnj ǗǘǍǘǖǒǚNJ~ ƶNJǕǘǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǏǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǒcNjǘǕǦǢǏǙǘǟǘǐǒǏ
ǙǚNJnjǎNJǛǕNJǎǔǘnjNJǜǥǓǎǝǢǘǔǖǘǎǏǚǗNJ ƷǘǒcǘǗǝnjǒǎǏǕ ǗNJǑNJǔǕǒǗNJǗǒǩǛǕǘnjNJǧǜǒǘǑǗNJǡNJǨǜǡǜǘǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘǛcǒǛǡǏǑǗǘnjǏǗǒǏǖǒǑNjǥ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǏǏǗǏnjcǒǑNjNJǟNJcnjcǠǏǚǔnjǩǟƲcǜǝǜǙǘǚNJǙǚǒǑǗNJǜǦǡǜǘǎǒǛ ǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǏǏǒǎǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩƬccǍǘǎǝƪǗǎǚǏǓƬǘǑǗǏǛǏǗǛǔǒǓǙǒǢǏǜnƮǏ
ǔǝǚǛǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǚNJǛ ǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǛǚǝNjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǚǝǍcǙNJǕǦǠǥǛnjǏǕnjcǔǝǕNJǔcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǚǝǔc
ǙNJǎNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǎnjǏǧǜǒǡNJǛǜǒǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘcǷǒcnjǛǏ ǔNJǔǒcǩǍǕǩǎǒǜƬǛǏǕǏǗǗNJǩnjǘǖǚNJǔcǙǘǎNjǘǚǘǎǘǔǙǘǕǘǐǒnjǢǒǗNJǔǝǕNJǔ~ƴNJǔ
ǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǏ njǔǕǨǡNJǨǣǏǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑNjǝǗǘǒcNJǖNjNJǚǥ ǛcǐǒnjǥǖǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǘǖǘNjǣNJǏǜǛǩǛǘǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǖǘǖǒcǍǏǚǘǓnƹǕǘǜǗǒǠǔǒǟǚNJǛǛǔNJ
ǖǏǕǦǗǒǠǥǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǒ ƲcǡNJǚǝǏǜǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǒǖǏǗǗǘ Ǒǘnj~ƬNJǛǒǕǒǩƫǏǕǘnjNJ  nƽǜǚǘǖ
ǙǏǚnjǘǏƻǏǔǚǏǜǐǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcNjǏǑǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǓǔǚNJǛǏǛǏ ǩcǟǘǐǝǙǘǎǘǖǝǒcǛǕǝǢNJǨǔNJǔǢǝǖǒǜ
njǏǚǗǥǟǠǏǚǔnjǏǓǒcǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǒǑNjNJNJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǝǏǜ njǏǜǏǚnjcǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǟǛǜǚǘǙǒǕNJǟƺǘǎ
ǛǩǛcNjǏǛǙǚNJnjǒǏǖǒcǝǍǗǏǜǏǗǒǏǖǗǘǒcnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜ ǗǘǓǎǘǖǛǕǘnjǗǘǐNJǕǝǏǜǛǩǗNJǛǜNJǚǘǛǜǦ
ǠǏǚǔnjǒǝcǒǑNjǥǏǛǜǦǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǥǏǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥǛcǞǘǚǖǘǓ ǒcǙǚǘǛǒǜǚǏǖǘǗǜNJƷǘǩcǑǗNJǨǡǜǘǚǏ
ƲǛǜǘǚǒǔƪǗǎǚǏǓƲǔǘǗǗǒǔǘnjǎǏǕǒǔNJǜǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǕ ǖǘǗǜNjǥǕNjǥǍǒNjǏǕǦǨǎǕǩǎǘǖNJǗǏǕǦ
ǧǜǘnǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǘǓ~cǷǒǖǏǩnjcnjǒǎǝǡǜǘǒǑNjNJNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡ ǑǩǜǘǚǖǘǢǒǜǦǛǜNJǚǥǏǑNJǎǝNjǏǕǥǏǔǘ
ǗǘnjǒǎǘǒǑǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǎǘǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǘNjǚNJǛǜNJǏǜǙǚǒǚǝNjNJ ǛǜǒƬǛǏǑǎǏǛǦǛǚǘǛǕǘǛǦǒcǛǔǒǙǏǕǘǛǦ
ǖǒǒcǜ ǎƷǘnǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǒǽǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩǞǘǚǖNJǻcǷǧǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏ " 

  $ - njcǘǎǗǘǠǏǕǘǏǕǝǡǢǏǗǏǜǚǘǍNJǜǦǧǜǒǟ ;
  " 
 X%
-
 ! : ;B-
ǞǘǚǖNJNJcǏǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏ~cǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǔǚǒǜǒǔƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓƺǏnjǑǒǗǘǜǖǏǡNJǩǙǚǒ "- @GQ@
ǛǚǘǎǗǒnjǢǒǟǛǩNjǚǏnjǏǗǗǏǒǛǙǥǜǥnjNJǜǦ  X  ^- @G=M
11
ǧǜǘǖǡǜǘnǗǏǑǗNJǗǒǏǍǚNJǗǒǠǥ~ǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnnjcǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗ ǒǟǒǛǙǥǜNJǗǗǝǨnjǚǏǖǏǗǏǖnjǏǚǗǘǛǜǦǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍǝ~ 
6
ǗǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǐǒǕǒǣNJcǷǒǑNjǥ~ǗǘǒcnjcǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǍǘǚǘǎNJ ƯǛǕǒǐǏ ƽǖǒǚNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǜnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǏǠǏǕǘǏǩnjǕǏ
ǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗǏǒǑǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓNJcǒǑǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǓǙNJǚNJǎǒǍǖǥǜǘǖǥ ǗǒǏcǷnǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǝǨǙǚǘǑǝ~ƬccǍǘǎǝǙǝNjǕǒǔǝǨǜǛǩnƫǚNJǜǦǩǒcǛǏ
njǒǎǒǖnjcǒǑNjǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǞǘǚǖǥǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJnƷǏNjǝǎǏǜ Ǜǜǚǥ~ƾǏǎǘǚNJƪNjǚNJǖǘnjNJnjcǖcǷnƶNJǜǚǏǗǒǗǎnjǘǚ~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJ
NjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǍǚǏǟNJǛǔNJǑNJǜǦcǷǙǒǢǏǜǝǚNjNJǗǒǛǜƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƭǕNJǑǥǡǏnjcǷǡǜǘǛǚǏǎ ƻǘǕǐǏǗǒǠǥǗNJnjcǖnjǥǟǘǎǩǜnưǒnjǘǓ~ƫǘǚǒǛNJƶǘǐNJǏnjNJǒcnƹǚǒ
ǗǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǒǓǎǘǖǏǛǜǦǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǙǏǡǦǘNjǛǜǚǘǏǗǗNJǩǙǘǕNJǜǩǖǒǒcǖǒǗǒǖǝ njǥǡǗǘǏǎǏǕǘ~ƬNJǛǒǕǒǩƫǏǕǘnjNJƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǒǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔǒ
ǖǘǖǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJnjcǘNjǘǕǘǡǔǏǒǑNjǚǏnjǏǗǙǚǒǟǘǕǘǎǗǥǟǒcǜǏǖǗǥǟ N ;   ǗǏǖǘǍǕǒǏǣǏnjǛǕǝǟǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǒǛǜǒǗǗǥǟǙǚǒǡǒǗǝǖǒǚNJǗǒǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǘǎǗNJǔǘ
7   ^
  B
ǛǏǗǩǟ~ ƶǘǚNJǕǦǗǘǏǝǛǜNJǚǏnjNJǗǒǏǒǑNjǥǙǚǒǑǗNJnjNJǕǒcǘǎǒǗǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǡǏǛǜǗǥǟ <J

- ?>>G
ǝǐǏǛNJǖǘǓǧǜǘǓǙǏǡNJǕǦǨǘNjǗNJǐNJǕǒǜǘǜǞNJǔǜǡǜǘǗǏnjǛǏǛǕNJnjNJNjǘǍǝnjcǘcǎǒnj
ǏǏǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǏǓƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnj ƸǚǞǒǗǛǔǒǓnƼNJǔǒǖǕǒǝǐǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǎǕǩ ǗǘǖǗǘnjǘǖǖǒǚǏƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘƻǘǨǑNJLJǜNJǔǚǒǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǗǘǜNJ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǙǚǘǜǒ
ǖǗǘǍǘǕǨǎǗǘǓnjcǙǚǘǢǕǘǖǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓǛǏǖǦǒNjǥǕǘǟǘǜǩǒcǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǘǏǗǘ njǘǛǜǘǩǗǒǏǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒǛǜNJǖǑNJǙNJǎǗǒǔNJǖǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǩƬNJǛǒǕǒǩƪǔǛǫǗǘnjNJ Ǚǚǒ
ǘNjǣǏǏǐǒǕǘǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏ#ƽǐǏǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǘcǩnjǗǘǖǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǒǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǖ X
  - J B- ǗǏǛǕNJǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔNJǖNjǘǕǦǢǝǨǛǕNJnjǝǗǘnjǛǏǐǏǗǏǙǘnjNJǕǦǗǝǨnjcǏǍǘǎǥ
;   
 


ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǖǘcǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǏǜǚǝǎǗǘǛǘǍǕNJǛǒǜǦǛǩǛcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǖnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǍǘ (;

E
B
njcƻƻƻƺǏǣǏǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜǐǒǜǦNjǝǎǝǣǒǖNJcǘǗǒǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǒǎǏNJǕNJǔǚǘǖǏ
ǙǘǎǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǒǩǗNJǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘNjǥǜǘnjǥǏǑǘǗǥƶǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǒcnjǙǚǩǖǦǘNj X+- @GH= njǘǑnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǩǔcǙǚǘǢǕǘǖǝǗǏnjǥǎnjǒǍNJǨǜƲcǟǘǜǩǛǘǖǗǏǗǒǏnjcǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǒ
8
ǣǏǙǚǒǑǗNJǗǗNJǩǖǝǎǚǘǛǜǦǗNJǚǘǎǗǥǟǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǓcǷǙǚǏǝnjǏǕǒǡǏǗǒǏ#~ ǛǜNJǗǏǜǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǨǣǒǖnjcǔǚǝǢǏǗǒǒƻƻƻƺƺǘǛǛǒǩnjǛǏǐǏǎnjǒǗǏǜǛǩǗǏǜǝǎNJ
LJǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǗǘnjǘǜǡǜǘǙǒǢǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚLjǚǒǓƪǚǗǎǜ NJnjǜǘǚ 6 X
<#-- J< %  <%

- ǔǝǎNJǑnjNJǕǒǧǜǒǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǒcǷǗǏnjcǙǚǘǢǕǘǏNJcǗNJƱNJǙNJǎ
  
  
ǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠǥnLjǗǘǛǜǦ~ njccǍǘǎǝnƶǘǐǗǘǛcǝnjǏǚǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǚNJǗǘ  B- "<- X
<#-- U
%
ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔNJǖǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǏǔcǒǑNjǏ ǎǏ
ǒǕǒǙǘǑǎǗǘǗǘǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǙǩǜǒǛǜǏǗǔǒǑNJǔǘǗǡǒǕNJǛǦNjǥǚNJǑnjǒǜǥǖǎǘǖǘǖǛǘ 
 

E
   B- ǚǏnjǗǏǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǝǛǜNJǚǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒ ǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǖǏǗǩǜǦǛǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǒǑNjNJǘǔNJ
'-F U# ?>>?- - IG-
ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǖǒǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǏǚǏǎǗǏǓnjNJǗǗǘǓǝNjǘǚǗǘǓǔǝǟǗǏǓǒcǙǘǎ 7 # B<"-)- X
  F %

ǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǘǓǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǒNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǚǘǠǏǛǛNJǖǘǗNJǔNJǔNjǥNJǔ
9 
 CC X 
 % 


ǛǘNjǗǥǖǒǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǖǒ~ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǏǛǕǒNjǥǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǒǑNjǥǗǏ @GGM \<@- - @H>-
ǠǏǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǜǏǛǖǥǛǕǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǥǜǏǛǗǏǗǥǗNJǙǏǚǒǞǏǚǒǨǗǘǗǏǝǜǚNJǜǒǕǒ
NjǥǕǘǙǚǏǚnjNJǗǘǗNJǛǒǕǦǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘǗNJǒǖǏǕNJNjǥǢNJǗǛǥǛǜNJǜǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖ 8 U

<"-;- )
  B-
NJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒnƹǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒǛǜǛǔǒǏ~ǢǏǛǜǒǎǏǛǩǜǥǏǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǨǜnjcǗǏǓǡǏǛǜ
E
B   B- ; -
ǎǘǖǘǖcǷǔNJǔǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǕǘǛcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǎǘǖNJǖǒnjǘǖǗǘ  F J
 @G=?- -<@I- ǗǘǛǜǦǒcǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǝǢǒǏnƼǒǙǘnjǥǏ~ǛǏǖǒǎǏǛǩǜǥǏǝǖǒǕǩǨǜǛǩǒǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǦǗǘ
9 <]-"- U<   $

/<CC
ǍǒǟǎǚǝǍǒǟǛǜǚNJǗNJǟƬcƻƻƻƺǐǏǒǑNjNJǒǑǗǒǡǜǘǐǏǗNJNjǥǕNJǠǏǕǏǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗ E
 X @GQ> \<@?-
ǛǜǒǒcǗǏǙǘnjǜǘǚǒǖǘǛǜǒǔNJǐǎǘǓǒǑNjǥnƻǚǏǎǘnjǥǏ~njǘǛǦǖǒǎǏǛǩǜǥǏǝnjNJǐNJǨǜ
ǗǘcǷnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǓǒcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǘǖƲcǛǕǘnjNJǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǜǘǚNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗ -<IAYIM-
10 U% 
 <-"- U 
<#--
ǏǏnjǙǒǛNJǗǗǘǛǜǦnjcǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǒcǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǔǒǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjnƵǒǟǒǏ~ǎǏnjǩǗǘǛǜǥǏ
ǎǚNJƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjNJǙǚǘǒǑǗǏǛǏǗǗǥǏnjcǜǘǖǐǏcǍǘǎǝǘǜǚNJǐNJǨǜǒǖǏǗǗǘ X - UB  ǠǏǗǩǜǡǜǘǒǑNjǝǖǘǐǗǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦNjǏǑǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǒcNjǏǑNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJnƸǑNJNjǘǡǏǗ
  - '-F N
ǙǘǎǛǙǝǎǗǥǓǙǚǘǜǏǛǜǙǚǘǜǒnjǛǘnjǏǚǢǒnjǢǏǍǘǛǩnƺǝǛǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩȁǖǏǗǦǢǏ
 @G=@- -<I-
ǗǥǏ~ǗǝǕǏnjǥǏǚNJǎǝǨǜǛǩǏǏǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǒcǝǜǒǕǒǑǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǒnǀǒǞǚǘnjǥǏ~
njǛǏǍǘǧǜǘcǷǖǏǚǜnjǘǏǘǔǘǛǜǏǗǏnjǢǏǏǗNJǛǕǏǎǒǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏǕǒǢǦǎǕǩǖǝǑǏǓ 11 ! <"-- ; 

 B CC
ǎǏǛǩǜǥǏǝǖǒǕǩǨǜǛǩNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǒcǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǘǛǜǒnƬǒǚǝǛǗǥǏ~ǎnjNJǎǠNJǜǥǏ
XB
<% 
- '-F  -
ǗǥǟǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǒǛǜǘnjǒcǕǨNjǒǜǏǕǏǓǛǜNJǚǒǗǥƬǏǡǗǘǐǒnjǘǏǘǗǘnjǘǢǕǘnjcǙǕǘǜǦ 
 @G=Q- -<A=A njǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǝnjǒǎǩǜnjcǒǑNjǏǚǏNJǕǦǗǝǨNJǕǦǜǏǚǗNJǜǒnjǝǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǝǖǝǚNJnjǏǓǗǒǔǝȁ

16 
# ""  ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǛnjǏǜǏǕǔǒǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǚǏǢNJǏǜ
ǎǏǚǏnjǗǨǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǗǘcǷǔǘǕǦǠǏnjǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnj
  $  ǔǘǓƯǣǏǘǗǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǏǜnjǛǏǒǑNjǥǏǎǒǗǥǖǑNJNjǘ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǚǘǖǔNJǔNjǥǙǚǩǡNJǑNJǗǒǖnjǛǨǜǝǐǒǑǗǦǔǘǜǘ
ǚNJǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǖǏǐǒǑNjNJǖǒǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcNjǝǚǕǒǜƼǘ
ǏǛǜǦǔcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǘǗǗǘǖǝǒǖǙǝǕǦǛǝǎǘNjNJnjǕǩ
ǏǜǛǩǕNJǔǒǚǘnjǘǡǗǥǓcǷǒcǘǗǒNjǝǎǝǜǗǏǚNJǑǕǝǡǗǥ
ǙǘǔǝǎNJǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǘǖnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǏǜnjǥǛǢNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦ
*
njǙǕǘǜǦǎǘcnƪǔǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~ 48 cǍǘǎNJ 
ƬǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǑǗNJǗǒǒǎǕǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJǒǖǏǕǘǛǦǛǙǏǠǒ ƻǙǝǛǜǩǚǘnjǗǘǎǏǛǩǜǦǕǏǜǎǚǝǍǘǓnjǏǕǒǔǒǓǙǏ
NJǕǦǗǘǏ ǗNJǒǖǏǗǘnjNJǗǒǏc Ƿ nǗNJǚǘǎǗNJǩ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ~ Ƭc ǗǏǖ ǑnjǝǡNJǕ njǥǛǘ ǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔǒǓǑǘǎǡǒǓƸǍǨǛǜƶǘǗǞǏǚǚNJǗǛǜǚǘ
ǔǘǖǏǚǗǥǓǗNJǖǏǔǗNJǜǘǡǜǘǘǗNJǎǏǕNJǕNJǛǦNjǏǑǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǘnjƹǚǘǛǜǥǖ ǒǜ njc ƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗǍǘǞǏ nƺǝǛǛǔǒǏ ǒǑNjǥ~  c Ƿ
ǙǕǘǜǗǒǔǘǖNjǏǑǏǎǒǗǘǍǘǍnjǘǑǎǩǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǒcNjǏǑǙǒǕǥnƼǥǛǩǡǒǕǏǜǎǏ U  ' - ǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗ ǍǎǏ ǎnjNJ ǎǘǖNJ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǨǣǒǏ ǍǕNJǑǘnjǛǔǒǏ ǜNJǔǐǏ
;
  (X

B+
ǚǏnjǗǩǛNJǖNJǛǙǚNJnjǕǩǕNJǛǦǛǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǒǑNJǎNJǡNJǖǒƷNJǎǘNjǗǘǛǜǒnjcNJǚǟǒ <*
 - @=?M
ǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǥnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǑNJNjǘǚǘǖǙǘnjǏǚǟǝǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǙǝǣǏǗNJǔǚǥǜNJǩǍNJǕǏǚǏǩ
12
ǜǏǔǜǘǚǏǗǏNjǥǕǘƺǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǘǜǧǜǘǍǘǗǏǛǜǚNJǎNJǕ~ cǷǛNJǚǔNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǒǢǏǜ ƷǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǗNJǗǘǒcǞNJǛNJǎǥǒǑNjǙǚǒnjǏǎǏǗǗǥǏǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǛǜǚǘǏǖ
njccǍǘǎǝƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƭǕNJǑǥǡǏnj ǙǘǡǜǒǔcNJǗǜǒǡǗǘǖǝǙǘǚǜǒǔǝ NjNJǕǔǘǗ
ƹǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕnjcǙǘǕǏnǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~ǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǔǘǍǎNJ njǘnjǏǛǦǞNJǛNJǎǎǏǚǐNJǜǡǏǜǥǚǏǔǘǕǘǗ
njǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜnjǥǛǘǡNJǓǢǒǓǑNJǔNJǑƬcǔǘǗǠǏ<:---cnjǏǔNJǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔNJǩǑǗNJǜǦǙǘǕǨNjǒǕNJ Ǘǥ  njǥǑǥnjNJǨǜ NJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǒ Ǜc ƴNJǖǏ
nǒǍǚNJǜǦnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǨ~ǒcǛǜNJǕNJnjǘǑnjǘǎǒǜǦnjcǛnjǘǒǟǙNJǚǔNJǟǚǝǛǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒ ǚǘǗǘnjǘǓ ǍNJǕǏǚǏǓc Ƿ ǛǗǘnjNJ ǗNJǕǒǠǘ
ǑNJǡǦǒǖǒǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǖǒǞNJǛNJǎNJǖǒǛǔǚǥnjNJǕǒǛǦǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩƻNJǖǥǓ ǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑNJǠǒǩ ǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǑNJNjNJnjǗǘǎǘ
ǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǏǠcǷnǎǏǚǏnjǝǢǔǝ~ƶNJǚǒǒƪǗǜǝNJǗǏǜǜǥnjcƬǏǚǛNJǕǏcǷǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕ ǙǘǕǗǩǏǜǜǏǖNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǒ 
njcǏǍǘǎǥƺǒǢNJǚƶǒǔǘǗNJǐǏǛǜNJǕNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǠǘǖǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǒǖǙǏ ƬcǍǘǎǝƪǗǎǚǏǓǂǜNJ
ǚNJǜǘǚǘnjƷǘǙǘǛǕǏnjǘǓǗǥcǍǘǎNJnǗNJnjǘǕǗǏǙǘǎǤǏǖNJǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǗNJǛǜǚǘ ǔǏǗǢǗǏǓǎǏǚǛǜǚǘǒǜƷǒǔǘǕǦǛǔǒǓǎǘ
ǏǗǒǓ~ ǔNJǔNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǗǩǜǘǙǒǛNJǜǦnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǝǡǏNjǗǒǔNJǟ njcǧǜǘǓǗǏnjǒǗǗǘǓǙǘ ǖǒǔnjcƹǏǜǏǚǍǘǞǏ  cǷǝǐǏǎǕǩ
ǗNJǡNJǕǝǑNJNjNJnjǏǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǒcǗǘnjǥǓǛǖǥǛǕcǷǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǩc-ƱǎǏǛǦǑǏǕǘǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǘǗ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝǐǏǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǘǎǥǍǚǥnjNJǏǜǖǘ ǗǥǚNJǛǙǒǛǗǥǏǎnjǏǚǒǒcǛǜNJnjǗǒǙǚǘ  a:-
ǗNJǚǟǝǗǘǒǣǏǜǙǝǜǏǓǟǘǜǦǔNJǔǜǘǙǘǎǙǚNJnjǒǜǦǗǏǛǡNJǛǜǗǥǓǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǙǘǎǚNJ ǚǏǑǗǥǏNjNJǕǩǛǒǗǔǒnjcnjǒǎǏnjNJǑǘǗǘnj R
 
  

<; - @=IA
ǐNJǗǒǩcǷǘNjǕNJǍǘǚNJǐǒnjNJǩǏǍǘǗNJǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǖNJǗǏǚƹǏǚnjǥǏnǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǏ~ NJcǜNJǔǐǏNjNJǕǔǘǗǛcǎǕǒǗǗǥǖǒǕǏǛǜǗǒ
ǒǑNjǥnjcƭǕNJǑǘnjǘNjǕǒǑƹNJnjǕǘnjǛǔNJ  ǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜǎǕǩǒǖǙǏǚNJǜǚǒǠǥƶNJ ǠNJǖǒǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǘǏnjcǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǟǒǑNjNJǟǎnjǝǟnjǛǟǘǎǗǘǏǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǗNJnjǜǘ
ǚǒǒƾǏǎǘǚǘnjǗǥƴNJǚǕƺǘǛǛǒƸǗǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǒǑNjǏǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǦnjǛǏǞNJǛNJ ǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǘǔNJǔNjNJǕǔǘǗǍNJǕǏǚǏǩƬǗǝǜǚǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǒǟ
ǎǥcǷnjcǜǚǒǘǔǗNJNJcǘǔǗǘǞǕǒǍǏǕǦǔNJǚNJǑNjǒǜǘǗNJǜǚǒǡNJǛǜǒǡǜǘǜnjǘǩǛǏǚǕǒNJǗNJ ǛǏǗǏǓǒcǙǘnjǏǜǏǓNJcnNjǨǞǏǜǜǥ~ǒcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǥǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǘnjǛǏ
ƹǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǣǏǎǚǘǎǏǔǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗNJǔNJǔǗǒǘǎǗNJNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗNJǩ ǧǜǘǎǕǩǘǜǎǥǟNJǒcǙǏǚǏǔǝǛNJnjǘnjǚǏǖǩǙǚǘǍǝǕǘǔǙǘǙNJǚǔǝ
J X 
- ; 
(    
+
ǒǑNjNJǎNJǏǣǏǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗNJǢǙǒǕǏǖƺǘǛǛǒǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǜNJǔǒǏ ƬcǍǘǎǝǔǘǖNJǗǎNJǙǘǎǚǝǔǘnjǘǎǛǜnjǘǖƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƼǘǗNJǛǘǡǒ
#   - @=@M ǖNJǕǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǗǥǏǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJnjǏǣǒǔNJǔ ǗǩǏǜǙǚǘǏǔǜǥnǔNJǑǏǗǗǥǟǛǏǕǏǗǒǓ~ǎǕǩnǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗ~ƹǚǘ
ǏǔǜǥǡǜǘnjNJǐǗǘǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǨǜǚǏǍǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǩ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǜ
ǕǒǢǦǎnjNJǜǒǙNJnǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǓ~ǒcnǨǐǗǥǓ~ ǒcǙǥǜNJǨǜǛǩǙǚǒnjǗǏǛǜǒnjcǝǛǜǚǘǓ
ǛǜnjǘǒǑNjnǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǝǎǘNjǛǜnjǘǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦ~NJcǜNJǔǐǏǡǜǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǠǏǗ
ǗǘnNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǦǘǜǙǘǐNJǚǘnj~ƬǛǏǍǘNjǥǕǘǛǎǏǕNJǗǘǜǒǙǘnjǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnj
* _
 <$ 
<  -
B  %  B   

ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǐǒǕǥǟǎǘǖǘnj ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǒǑNjǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗNJǗǘǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǙǚǒ
< -
ǎNJǜǦǒǖǙǘǚǩǎǘǔǒcNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘǛǜǦnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǙǝǍNJǨǣǏƴNJǔǘnjǘǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏ
12 # B<"-)- 'E <!-- ǔǘǖNJǗǎNJƼǘǗNJǙǥǜNJǏǜǛǩǒǑNjǥǜǦǘNjǒǕǒǏǖnjǛǏǜǏǟǐǏǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǓcǷǎǘǜNJǔǘǓ
E
  F %  B %-
%
B CC E
 X
ǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǡǜǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǜǥǑNJǩnjǒǕǒnƬǛǏǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩȁǒǛǙǏǣǚǏǗǥǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǩǖǒ
13

13
@G=I \<GY@>- -<QG-
ǡǜǘnjǏǛǦǖNJNjǝǎǏǜǛǜǘǒǜǦǎǘǚǘǍǘnjǛǩǔǘǖǝǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǝ~ ƬcǒǜǘǍǏǚǏNJǕǒǑǘ
`
- % F  
<V-- J 

V - '-F  
 @G=G- njNJǗǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǏNJcǎǘǗNJǢǒǟǎǗǏǓǗǏǎǘǢǕǘǗǒǡǏǍǘ

18 
ƻǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǛǩǘǜǒǑNjǙǏǚnjǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥ<-<cnjǏǔNJǕǒǢǦ % 9 $ 
ǘǎǒǗǗǘǩǚǔǒǓǘNjǚNJǑǏǠcǷǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǔǘǕǘǗǒǩƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǘnjǔNJ
njcǗǏǖǏǠǔǘǖƹǘǜǛǎNJǖǏƹǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗNJǩnjcǶcǍǘǎNJǟǎǕǩ
 
 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǟǛǩnjcƹǚǝǛǛǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǛǘǕǎNJǜ njcǘǛǗǘnjǝǙǚǘǏǔǜNJ
14
NjǥǕǙǘǕǘǐǏǗnjǛǏǜǘǜǐǏǙǚǘǏǔǜƺǘǛǛǒǎǕǩƭǕNJǑǘnjǘ ǧǜǘ
ǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǙǏǚǏǎNJǜǦnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǘNjǚNJǑ
nǎǚǝǍǘǍǘ~ǘǗǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǝǑǗNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǚNJǑǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ
njcǗǏǖǗǏǜǗǒǡǏǍǘNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǍǘƭǏǗǙǕNJǗnjcǞǘǚǖǏǒǙǙǘǎ
ǚǘǖNJǚNJǛǛǏǡǏǗǎnjǝǖǩǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǩǖǒǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǩƪǗǎǚǏǏnj
ǛǔǒǓǔǚǏǛǜƸǍǚǘǖǗǥǏ njcǙǘǕǍǏǔǜNJǚNJ ǝǡNJǛǜǔǒǛcǞǚǝǔǜǘnjǥǖǒ ƬǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗǏǜǎǚǝǍǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝNjǥǎǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦ
ǛNJǎNJǖǒƮnjǝǟǒcǜǚǏǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǏǎǘǖNJƽcǎǘǖǘnjcǷǗǏcǜǘǕǦǔǘNjNJǕ ǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǏǑǚǏǗǒǩǔNJǔǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝƹǚǒǡǏǖǔNJǔǘǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔǘnjǜNJǔǒcǘǜ
ǔǘǗǥǗǘǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥƸNjǒǕǦǗNJǩǚǏǑǦNjNJnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǕǏǗǗNJǩǛNJǖǥ ǙǘǜǘǖǔǘnjnƷNJǢǒǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǏǑǘǎǡǒǏǗNJǚǘǎNjǘǕǦǢǏǓǡNJǛǜǦǨǖǘǕǘǎǘǓcǷǙǒ
ǖǒǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǙǚǘǘNjǚNJǑNJǖǒƷǘǛNJǖǘǏǛǖǏǢǗǘǏnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǜǘ ǢǏǜnjccǍǘǎǝǖǘǕǘǎǘǓǐǝǚǗNJǕǒǛǜƪǗǜǘǗǁǏǟǘnjcǷƴnjNJǛǝǗǏǙǦǨǜǽƺǝǛǒǻ
ǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǔǒǚǙǒǡǘǖNJcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǘNjǢǒǜǍǘǚ ǗǏǡǒǜNJǨǜnjcǘǎǏǐǎǏǔǘǚǡNJǜNJǗǍǕǘǖNJǗǘnjǗǘǑǗNJǜǦǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǟǘǜǩǜǔǚǘǖǏǙǏ
NjǥǕǏǖǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǨǣǒǖNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǝǨǔǕNJǎǔǝƲcǜǘǡǜǘǒǖǏǗ ǜǝǢǔǘnjƺǒǖǛǔǘǖǝǍǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǝǒcǙǚǘǡǒǖǛǜǒǕǩǖǎNJnjǗǘǝǐǏǎNJǗǘǙǘǢNJǙǔǏ
ǗǘǧǜǒǞǏǓǔǘnjǥǏǒǑNjǥǎǘǐǒǕǒǎǘǗNJǢǒǟǎǗǏǓ J 
 V - ;  ƸǛǜNJǕǛǩǘǎǒǗǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǏǜǝǢǘǔǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘnjǥǝnjǒǎǒǜǏnjǛǨǎǝǍǎǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǏǛǜǦ
ǎNJǏǣǏǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔNJǔ   
(% < B 

ǗǘnjǘǒǛǙǏǡǏǗǗǥǏǕǒǖǘǗNJǎǗǥǏNjǝǎǔǒNjNJǕǔǘǗǡǒǔǒǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǡǒǔǒnjǒǗǦǏǜǔǒ
ǐǒǕǦǏ ǏǛǜǦǜǘǗǔǒǓǣǏǕǡǘǔǙǘǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ   % B+- @=A? ǒcǙǚǘǡƹNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǑǖnjcǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǏcǷǟǘǚǘǢNJǩnjǏǣǦǛǕǘnjNJǗǏǜǘǎǗǘǜǘǕǦǔǘ
17
ǍǘǚǎǘǛǜǒnjǏǕǒǔǘǚǘǛǛǘnj ǛǔnjǏǚǗǘǘǜǕǘǖNJǓǜǏǙǏǜǝǢǔǘnjcǷǒcǗǏǜǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩ~ ƻǙǝǛǜǩǙǘǕnjǏǔNJ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǘnjǔǝǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǙǏǚnjǥǖǚǘǛ ƲǍǘǚǦƭǚNJNjNJǚǦǝǜǘǡǗǩǏǜǙǚǒǡǒǗǥǧǜǘǓǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǗǘǛǜǒnƷNJNjǚNJnjǚNJǑǕǒǡǗǥǏ
ǛǒǓǛǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǠǘǖnǧǔǛǙǘǚǜǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǖǘǜǒnjǥnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǨǣǒǏǛǩnjcǎǚǏnjǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǒǖǘǛǔǘnj
ǚǥ~cǷǔǘǍǎNJǛǜǚNJǗNJǒǑǘNjǚNJǐNJǏǜǛNJǖǘǏǛǏNjǩ ǛǔǒǟǘǛǘNjǗǩǔǘnjǒcǎNJǡȁǙǚǘǍǕǩǎǏǕǒǑNJnjǥǡǝǚǗǥǖǒǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǛǖǥǛǕ
ǗǘǎǏǕNJǏǜǧǜǘǛcǜǏǖǗNJǐǒǖǘǖǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǨ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǟǞǘǚǖcǷǒǟǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǝǒcǩǛǗǘǛǜǦǕǨNjǘnjǦǔcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖ
18
ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǜNJǗǏǜǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗNJǎǕǩǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦ ǍǕNJǎǩǖǛǜǏǗǥǒcǡǝnjǛǜnjǘǖǏǚǥnjcǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǒǒǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǝNjǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ~ 
ǗǥǟǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǘnjƬǛǏǖǒǚǗǥǟnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǔƸǎǗNJǔǘ ƷǘnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘǖǏǚǥǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǘǑǘǎǡǒǖǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǙǥǕǝ
njǑǍǕǩǎǗNJǛǏNjǩǛǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥƯnjǚǘǙǥnjǛǏǍǎNJǒǖǏ NjǘǚǦNjǥƬǏǎǦǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǔNJǔǙǚǘǜǏǛǜcǷǒcǙǚǘǜǒnjǚǝǛǛǔǘ
N    ǏǜǎǕǩƺǘǛǛǒǒǘǛǘNjǘǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏnǙǚǒǚǝǡǏǗǗNJǩ~ǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒ njǒǑNJǗǜǒǓǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩǒcǙǚǘǜǒnjǗǒǔǘǕNJǏnjǛǔǘǓǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǒnjǘǘNjǣǏǒcǢǒǚǏ
<; - @=?Q
ǘǗNJǕNJǖǒǒcǘǎǘNjǚǏǗǗNJǩƯnjǚǘǙǘǓǜNJǔNJǩnǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗ ǙǚǘǜǒnjǗǒǑǔǘǙǘǔǕǘǗǛǜnjNJǙǏǚǏǎƱNJǙNJǎǘǖǒcǎNJǐǏǛǝǙǚǘǜǒnjǒǎǏNJǕǘnjƪǗ
ǗNJǩ~ǒǑNjNJǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǨnƶǥǛǕǦǘcǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǒ ǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒnƷNJǖǗNJǛǔǝǡǒǕNJǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǒcǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǛǜnjǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǓ
19
ǛǜNJnjǢǏǍǘǙǘǡǜǒǢNJNjǕǘǗǗǥǖǎǕǩǀǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǝǕǒǡǗǘǍǘ ǎǚǏnjǗǘǛǜǒ~ cǷǙǒǢǏǜƹǝǢǔǒǗǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǒcǙǚǒǑǥnjNJǏǜǘNjǚNJǜǒǜǦ
ǞNJǛNJǎNJǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǙǘǎnjǕǒǩǗǒǏǖǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘ ǛǩnǔcǛnjǏǐǒǖnjǥǖǥǛǕNJǖǗNJǚǘǎǗǥǖǒcǔcǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǖǝǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǏǡǒǨǛǗNJǡNJǕNJ
15 20
ǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǘǡǏǗǦǛǙǚNJnjǏǎǕǒnjǘǓ~cǷǙǒǢǏǜǒǛǜǘǚǒǔƲǕǦǩƹǏǡǫǗǔǒǗ  ǙǚǏǑǚǏǗǗǘǖǝ~ ƪcnjcǙǘnjǏǛǜǒnƼNJǚNJǗǜNJǛ~  ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƻǘǕǕǘǍǝNjǝǜǘǡ
ƬNJǐǗǘǒcǜǘǡǜǘǧǜǒǒǖǙǏǚNJǜǘǚǛǔǒǏǒǑNjǝǢǔǒnjǙǏǚnjǥǏǕǏǍǒǜǒǖǒǚǝǨǜǛNJǖǝ ǗǩǏǜNJǎǚǏǛǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǒǩnƵǨǎǒǛǘnjǏǛǜǕǒnjǥǏƷǏǒǣǒǜǏǚǘǎǗǥǟnjǎǘǟǗǘ
ǜǏǖǝǒǑNjǥǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǖǝǐǒǔNJƿǘǜǩǒcǘǛǜNJǨǜǛǩǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǖ 14 17 _E <-;- U 
    njǏǗǒǓnjcǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔǒǟǑNJǕNJǟǍǎǏǜNJǗǠǝǨǜǒcǍǘnjǘǚǩǜǙǘǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒ ȁ"
<-"- ; < - $

 @ ?<
  @==I C ;;- V-<@H-
ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǘǖnjǘǑǗǒǔǢǒǖǗǏǒǑǗǝǜǚǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǔNJǔnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcnjǛǏ  
<
 F (X + <%- '-F R @G=Q- - IH- ƹǚǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏǘǜǎNJǕǒǕǘǗNJǛǘǜǗNJǚǘǎNJǡǏǚǏǑǙǚǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏǘNjǚNJǜǒǖǛǩ
E #

%  % 
B 18 #<-S- "-'-<" - @G?H<CC
ǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǏǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǥnƫǥǕǘNjǥNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǘǢǒNjǔǘǓǎǝǖNJǜǦȁǡǜǘǖNJǜǝǢǔNJ ZOZ<<CC  

<
 
- "
  '
E 
 " F
ǛǗǘnjNJǔcǗǏǖǝƴǜǘǑǗNJǏǜNjǥǜǦǖǘǐǏǜnjcǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǒǑNjǏǜNJǒǜǛǩǑNJǚǘǎǥǢNjǝ
ƺǘǛǛǒǩǏǛǜǦǛǝǍǝNjǘǽǗNJǚǘǎǗǥǓǻnjǥǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǓǽǒǗǒǠǒNJǜǒnjǘǓǛǗǒǑǝǻǔǘǗ  %- '$ 
  - ;
- N

- " % 
-
ǎǝǣǏǍǘǗNJǢǏǍǘnjǏǕǒǡǒǩǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǏǣǏnjcǘǎǗǘǓǒǑNjǏǒcǜǘǍǎǏǗǒNjǝǎǦ

 BE  -  F 
- $
  
 - 21
ǠǏǙǜǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǑǖNJǖNJǛǛcǷǙǒǢǏǜƲǚǒǗNJƻNJǗǎǘǖǒǚǛǔNJǩcǷ  
 

 '-F<   @G=Q- - IIA- njcǑNJǟǘǕǝǛǜǦǏǟǚNJǗǒǜǛǩǗNJǢNJǙǏǚnjǘǗNJǡNJǕǦǗNJǩǗǏǜǚǘǗǝǜNJǩǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǛǜǦ~ 
?>@I- -<HGYQ>- 19 ;:
 -- ;
 <
-
ƭǘǚNJǑǎǘǚNJǑǝǖǗǏǏǛǡǒǜNJǜǦǏǍǘǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǒǏǖǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǗǘǓǧǕǒǜǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ 15 ;
<-*- R   -  ('   
+ CC
ƲǎǏǩǧǜNJǎǒǔǘnjǒǗǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǖǏǚǔǗǏǜnjǏǔNJǖǒ nƬcǧǜǒǟ
ǙǚǒNjǏǍǕNJǔcǚǒǜǘǚǒǔǏǖNJǜǝǢǔǒƺǘǛǛǒǒnjcǟǘǎǏǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǙǚǘǙNJǍNJǗǎǥ $
 <  
 <E
-  
  

 <@>< E-
ǛǚǝNjNJǟǏǛǜǦǛǏǚǎǠǏǒcnjǏǗǥ~cǷǗNJǎǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǖǚǘǔǍǚǝǙǙNJnǁǏǚǗǥǓ
16  ZOZ< CC 
 - ?>@= '-F<#.) @GH?- -<?=>-
njǘnjǚǏǖǩnjǘǓǗǥcǍǘǎNJ~ ƬcǡǏǖǗǏǛǘǖǗǏnjNJǕǛǩǝǐǏǒcƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƭǘǍǘǕǦ \<?G &@,- -<MA- 20 ;:
 -- "<    
ǔǘǞǏ~ ǗǘǏǣǏǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǏǏǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnƼNJǚNJǗǜNJǛ~NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǘǎǗNJǒǑǒǕǕǨ
16  
<-- J
 <X - %
E 
 b CC  
  -
njccǍǘǎǝǛǔNJǑNJnjǢǒǓnjcNJǎǚǏǛnǡǒǜNJǜǏǕǏǓǒǑnjǥǛǢǏǍǘǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJ~nǚNJǑnjǏ 
- U%B 
 

- 

 <@>  E- '-F #.) @GH?-
ǛǜǚNJǠǒǓǔcǗǏǖǝǛǜNJǕNJǙǚǩǖǥǖǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖǎǕǩǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑǠNJǗǘnjǘǍǘǛǜǒ
ǒǑǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǑǖNJnjǥǛǜǚǘǩǜǎǕǩǛǏNjǩǗNJǎNJǡǏǒǑNjǝnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖnjǔǝǛǏ~ƸcǡǏǖ BE %
- defgfh ijklemnemopfh
21
-<?G@-
ǕǩcǷƹǘǍǘǎǒǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥ  ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƷǒǔǒǜǒǗǜǘǡǗǘnjǘǛǙǚǘ
qjrkgkop- isgtfhukgt M>- defg  <"-- ; 

<B-
ǔNJǔǚNJǑǛǕǏǎǝǨǣNJǩǍǕNJnjNJ ?>>@- -<@@=- '-c )-F #.) @GH?- - ?@@- ǒǑnjǏǕǚǒǛǝǗǘǔǔǗǩǑǩƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǩƭNJǍNJǚǒǗNJǜǚǒǘǔǗNJǙǘǞNJǛNJǎǝNjNJǕǔǘǗǒcNjǝǚǗǥǏ

20 
R
  R


-
; 


njǘǕǨǜǥnjcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǟƮnjNJǧǜǒǟǙǚǘǠǏǛǛNJǛcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǥ<-<cnjǏǔNJǒǎǝǜ
<' - @=MH ǚǝǔNJǘNjǚǝǔǝǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǙǘǎǗNJǜǒǛǔǘǖǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛNJǗǏǝǖǘǕǒǖǘǘNjǚǏ
ǜNJǏǜǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǏǡǏǚǜǥ njcǒǑNjNJǟǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǘNjǘǒǜNJǔǝǎǚǝǡNJǨǣǒǏ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǚNJǎǏǜǏǕǏǓǛǜNJǚǒǗǥ ǍǘǚǘǎǐǏǔNJǔǠǏǗǜǚǒǗǜǏǕǕǏǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒ
ǒǖǙǏǚǒǒǘǑNJNjǘǡǏǗǙǘǒǛǔǘǖǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒcǷǒcǒǣǏǜ
ǏǏǔNJǔǚNJǑnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏƻǕNJnjǩǗǘǞǒǕǥǙǏǚǏǎnjǒǐǗǒǔǒnƶǘǍǝǡNJǩǔǝǡ
ǔNJ~cǷnjǛǏǕǝǡǢǒǏǝǖǥnjǏǔNJǘNjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛnjǘǏnjǗǒǖNJǗǒǏǔcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏ
ǒǑNjǏǖǝǐǒǔǝcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcnǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǖ~ǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǩnǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏ~
LJǜǘnǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǏnjcǗNJǚǘǎ~ǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘnjc<-<cnjǏǔǏǎǕǩNjǘǕǦǢǒǗ
ǛǜnjNJǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǟǛǜǚNJǗNJcǙǘǕǒǍǘǗǘǖǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǩǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ
ǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒcǷƬǛǏǖǒǚǗǥǏǒcǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǏǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǥ ǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏ Ǖǘ
ǍǒǡǗǘǒcǝǛǙǏǢǗǘǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǨǜǝcǎǚǏnjǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎ
ǡǏǛǜnjNJǙǚǒǏǖǥǒcǎǏǜNJǕǒǙǚǏǙNJǚǒǚǝǩǒǟǛcǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǓǎǕǩNJǜǜǚNJǔ
ǠǒǘǗǘnjǧǔǑNJǕǦǜNJǠǒǏǓƷǏǎNJǚǘǖǘcǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǖNJǛǜǏǚǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩ
ǡǦǩǑnjǏǑǎNJnjǑǘǢǕNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJƹǘǕǒǜǏǟǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏcǍǘǎNJ
ǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔƲnjNJǗƴǚNJǖǛǔǘǓǙǒǢǏǜnƴǘǍǎNJǗǝǐǗǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǘNjǥǔ
ǗǘnjǏǗǗǥǏnjǏǣǒƭNJǚǜǖNJǗǙǕǘǟǏǖǝǗǝǐǗǥǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǛǔNJǑǘǡǗǥǏ
njǘǕǢǏNjǗǥǏǑNJǖǔǒǏǖǝǙǘǎNJnjNJǓǎnjǘǚǠǥǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǎǕǩǔǘǜǘǚǥǟ
ǍǚǘǑǎǒǚǏǑǦNjǥƷǘǍǎǏƭNJǍNJǚǒǗnjǑǩǕǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙǎǕǩǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǒǛǝǗǔNJ '- J
- ;  ǗǏǜǒcǗǏǖǘǍǕǘNjǥǜǦǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǜǝǜǘǗǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǒǑǝǖǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǏnjǏǣǒ~ƹǘǙǥǜ
    - T
ǗǏǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘnjcǏǍǘǙǝǜǏnjǥǟǑNJǖǏǜǔNJǟǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǑNJǚǒǛǘnjǘǔǛcǗNJǜǝǚǥǗǏ % v$B % B- @=Q=
ǔǒǐǏǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǖǒǚǝnǘNjǥǔǗǘnjǏǗǗǥǏnjǏǣǒ~cǷǐǒǕǒǣǏǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚcǷǗǏǒǑ
ǒǖǏǏǜǛǩƼǘǏǛǜǦnjǛǏǑǎǏǛǦǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǗǘǒcǝǛǕǘnjǗǘcǷnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǜǘǍǘ NjǏǐǗǘǘNjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǧǔǑǘǜǒǑNJǠǒǏǓƴǘǍǎNJǗNJƬǏǗǛǔǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏcǍǘǎNJ
ǡǜǘnjcƹǘǍǘǎǒǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǐǒǕǒǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗNJǔNJǔ ƺǘǛǛǒǩnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕNJnǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǎǏǚǏnjǗǨ~njcǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǏnǔnjNJǕǒǞǒǔNJǠǒǩǧǜǒǟ
ǎǚǏnjǕǏǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣǏƷǘǏǛǕǒnjcǘNjǥǡǗǥǟǒǑNjNJǟnǢǒǚǒǗNJǛǚǝNjNJǙǚǏ ǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǓǔNJǔǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǒǟǒǑNjnjǥǑǥnjNJǕNJǛǖǏǟǝcǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǙǘǛǏǜǒǜǏǕǏǓnjǥ
24
ǘNjǕNJǎNJǏǜǗNJǎnjǥǛǘǜǘǓcǷǙǒǢǏǜǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘnjǏǎƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƬNJǚǕNJ ǛǜNJnjǔǒǝǜnjǏǚǐǎNJnjǢǒǟǡǜǘǗǒǍǎǏnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǜNJǔǒǟǒǑNjǗǏǜ~ 
ǖǘnjNJcǷǜǘǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒƹǘǍǘǎǒǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥNjǘǕǏǏǛǜǚǘǓǗǥǏǛǚǝNjnjǥ ƻǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥnjǛǏǧǜǒnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒNjǥǕǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗ
ǜǩǗǝǜnjcnjǥǛǘǜǝǒcǙǚǩǖǘǗNJǍǕNJǑNJǟNjǘǩǣNJǩǛǩǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǘǜǘǚnjNJǜǦǛǩ ǜNJǠǒǏǓǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǍǘǗǘǒcǚNJǑǖǥǢǕǏǗǒǏǖǘcNjǝǎǝǣǏǖ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǔǚǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǒǟ
ǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔNJǩǽǒǑNjNJǻǚNJǛǙǚNJnjǕǩǏǜǙǕǏǡǒǒcǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǍǘ ǛǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǜǘǕǦǔǘƻǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJcǍǘǎNJǘcǡǏǖǗǒǐǏ cǷ
22
ǚǘǎǛǔǒǖǽǎǘǖǘǖǻ~ ƸNjǚNJǑǜǘǡǗǥǓǟǘǜǩǛǗǘnjNJǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǗǥǓǗǏ #

 # 
- ǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǘǗǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǙǘnjǘǚǘǜǗǥǖǒǧǜNJǙNJǖǒǎǕǩnjǛǏǓǖǒǚǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒ
njcǜǘǖǎǏǕǘǡǜǘǒǑNjNJnNjǘǩǕNJǛǦ~NJcnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǙǕǘǜǗǘǛǜǦǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒ  
 <% 

" 

  
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƲcǔNJǔǗǒǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǜǘǐǏƹǚǘǓǎǩ
ǒǗNJǩǑǎǏǛǦǎǘǖǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǚNJǛǔǒǗǝǜǦǛǩǜNJǔǙǚǒnjǘǕǦǗǘǔNJǔnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏƷǘcǷ (V+- @=AM ǒǛǙǥǜNJǗǒǏnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǘǓǜǏNJǜǚNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǏǓǘǗǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǝǛnjNJǒnjNJǏǜnjǘǑ
ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘcǷǒǑNjNJǖǝǜǒǚǝǏǜǙǘǎǗǘnjǝǨǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǨǑNJǘǎǗǘǘNjǚǏǜNJǩǒcǔNJ ǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦNjǥǜǦǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǗǥǖLJǜǘǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǏǜǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨ
ǖǏǗǗǥǓǙǘǎǔǕǏǜǙǘǛǕǏǙǘǐNJǚNJcǍǘǎNJnjǘcǖǗǘǍǒǟǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǟǡNJǛǜǩǟƶǘ ǙNJǚNJǎǒǍǖǝǏǛǕǒnjcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǓǒǑNjǏnjǛǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǏǙǘǕǏǑǗǘ ǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔ
ǛǔnjǥǑNJǙǚǏǣNJǨǜ ǟǘǜǩǒcNjǏǑǝǛǙǏǢǗǘ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJ ǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǣǏǕǦǖǏǐǎǝǛǚǝNjǘǖǒcǚNJǖǘǓǘǔǗNJǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗNJǙǚǏǎǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜǘǜ
ƹNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǏǗǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǚNJǑnǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥ~ǗǘǒcǜǘǜǞNJǔǜ ǗNJǖǘǔNJǗǒǩǜǘǚǠǥNjǚǏnjǏǗǛNJǖǠǘnjǒǑǍǒNjǥǔǝǚǒǠǎǏǚǐNJǜǙǘǜǘǔǒǒcǜ ǎ ǜǘ
ǡǜǘǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǕǘǔNJǠǒǏǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩnjcǙǏǚnjǘǏnjǚǏǖǩǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǍǘǚǘǎ 22 "  <--  

 % - ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǕǏǍǒǜǒǖǒǚǝǏǜǝǔǚNJǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƷNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩ
ƮǏǚǏnjǗǩǔNJǔnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǗǏǠǏǗǒǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒcǷǒcǜNJǔNjǝǎǏǜ 



< 
   -
njcǙǘǚǜNJǕǥǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗǥcǷnjcǔǘǔǘǢǗǒǔǒǔǚǥǢǒnjǑNjǒǜǥǔNJǔǙǝǟǘnjǥǏǘǎǏǩǕNJ

 ; 
 
B C  B
njǛǏǍǎNJ nƻǏǕǦǛǔǒǓǐǒǜǏǕǦǒcnjcǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǒǐǒǕǒǣNJǒcnjcǛǜǒǕǏǘǎǏǐǎǥNjǘǕǦ %  B  


<
 


- ǙǘǎǔNJǚǗǒǑNJǖǒnjcǜǚǒǛǕǘǩǛǜǏǕǨǜǛǩǙǘǎǑǘǚǥǎǘǖǘNjnjǏǢǒnjNJǏǜǛǩNjNJǢǏǗ
- ;-F   ;#^
ǢǏǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǛǩǗNJǽǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǻǒcǽǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǏǻcǷnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǍǘǚǘǐNJǗ ?>@@- -<??A-
ǔNJǖǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒǔǚǥǕǏǡǔNJǖǒǒcnjǛǏǧǜǘnjcǚǏǑǦNjǏǔNJǔnjcǡǏǢǝǏƪǎǏǔnjNJǜǗǘ
23
ǜǩǍǘǜǏǨǣǒǟǔcǛǜǒǕǨǽǚǏǜǚǘǻ~ cǷǙǒǢǏǜnjccǍǘǎǝƬNJǛǒǕǒǓƻǜNJǚǘǎǝNjǠǏnj 23  <"-- J <% 

ǘǙǒǛNJǜǦǜNJǔǘǓǎǘǖǛǖǘǍǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƴǕǨǏnjnƼǏǙǏǕǙNJǑǑNJ
E
   CC E

ǛNJǖǥǓǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓnjcƻƻƻƺǙǚǏǎǛǏǎNJǜǏǕǦǔǘǕǟǘǑNJ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJNJǔǜǒnjǗǘ X @G=? \<@>- -<?H ǟnjNJǜǒǛǜǥǔǘǔǘǚǥcƴǚǝǜǘǕǘNjǜǏǛǘnjǥǓǢǘǕǘǖǘǔcƫǝǎǝǜǚǩNjǦǨǙǒǛNJǗǥǙǘǎ
24 a  <-N- ' 
 
ǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǏǜǡǏǚǜǥNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓNjNJǚǛǔǒǏǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǙǏǚǏǗǒǖNJǨǜ E
- R


<%


ǑǘǚǥcƲcǕǝǎǩǗǔǘǓnjǥǙǏǛǜǚǏǗǔǘǗǏǔ~
ǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥ ǜǚǏǟǡNJǛǜǗNJǩǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗNJǩǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǩǙǘǚǜǒǔǒ  
  v

<X 

-
ƷǘnjǥǏǝǐǏǛǝǍǝNjǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǙǚǒǏǖǥǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǩǔǘǖ
'-F R  
   

ǛcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒ ǝcǒǑNjǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩNjNJǕǔǘǗǥNjǏǑnjǥǟǘǎNJǗNJǗǒǟǒcǎNJǐǏNjNJǚǘǡǗǥǏ ?>@Q- - M>- ǙǘǑǒǠǒǒnjǕǒǩǨǜǒcǗNJǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǝcǷǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛcǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǗǒǩǖǒ

22 
ǐǒǑǗǒƷNJǛǖǏǗǝǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǓNJǗǞǒǕNJǎǏǜǘǕǔǘǖǗǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩnjǢǏǓǔǘǖǗNJ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǗNJǖǏǛǜǘǧǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓǒǛǜǒǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƼǘ
27
ǜNJǖNjǥǜǦǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǖǒǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǥǓǙǕNJǗƹǘǖǏǣǏ ǏǛǜǦǒǖǏǏǜǛǜNJǜǝǛǕǐǒnjǛǜNJnjǢǏǓǗNJǖǏǛǜǘǒǛǜǒǗǥ~ ƸǎǗNJǔǘǛǚǏǎǒǑNJǔNJǑ
ǗǒǩǝǐǏǗǏǗNJǗǒǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǗNJǘǛǦNJcǚNJǛǜǝǜnjnjǏǚǟǘNjǤǏǖǥǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘ ǡǒǔǘnjǘǗǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜNjǏǢǏǗǝǨǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǦnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǛNJǖǘǓǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǒcǷ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǍǚǝǙǙǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǛNjǒnjNJǨǜǛǩnjcǔǝǡǔǒǒcǗǏǙǚǏǖǏǗǗǘnjǏǗǡNJǨǜǛǩNjNJǢǏǗǔNJǖǒ ǒcnjcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǜǜǘǜǜǒǙǔǕǒǏǗǜNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔNJǔǗǒnjcǡǏǖǗǏ
ƹǚNJnjǎNJNjǘǕǏǏǩnjǗǥǖǧǜǘǛǜNJǗǏǜǝǐǏnjcǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǝǨǧǙǘǟǝcǷǧǙǘǟǝǖǘ NjǥnjNJǕǘǛǗǘnjNJǙǘǩnjǒǜǛǩǗNJǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǛǠǏǗǏǝǐǏnjcǏǍǘǎǥcǷǛcǜǘǓ
ǎǏǚǗNJǔǘǍǎNJǗNJǙǏǚnjǥǓǙǕNJǗnjǥǓǎǏǜǗǏǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗNJǩǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣNJǩ ǐǏǕǨNjǘnjǦǨǔcǝǔǚNJǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝNjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjǝǒcNjNJǢǏǗǔNJǖ ǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘNjNJǢǏǗ
NJcǘNjǤǏǖǗNJǩƪcǙǘǔNJǚNJǑǍǕǩǎǏǜǦǧǜǒǗǘnjǥǏǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǥǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǛǕǘǐ ǔǒǛǜNJǗǝǜǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǙǚǒǖǏǜǘǓnǕǝǐǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘ~ǛǜǒǕǩ 
ǗǘǑNJǘNjǒǕǒǏǖnNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǟǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnj~cǷǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnjcǎǘǖǏ ƬNJǐǗǝǨǚǘǕǦnjcǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǒǑNJǠǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩcǷnjǙǏǚnjǥǏ
ǔǝǙǠNJƫǝǍǚǘnjNJǝcǛǜNJǗǠǒǒƻǏǓǖNJǒǕǒǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǘǖ ǗNJǔǘǖǗNJǜ ǎǘǖǏ njcǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǛǥǍǚNJǕǒǖNJǛǛǖǏǎǒNJNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘnƶǘǜǒnjǥ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjNJnjcƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjǔǏƴǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǒcǚǏǑǦNjǥ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~cǷnǜNJǔǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǛǩǐǝǚǗNJǕǒǑǎNJnjNJǏǖǥǓƺǏǓǗNjǘǜǘǖ
njcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǖǜNJǔǘnjǘǡǜǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǘǖ ǍǎǏǕǒǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǏǕǒǛǜǥǚNJǑǗǘǛǒǕǒǙǘƺǘǛǛǒǒ
ǜǘǗǏǜnjcǗǒǟcǷǒcǜǚǝǎǗǘǗǏǝǕǘnjǒǜǦǑNJǧǜǒǖ ǙǚǩǗǒǡǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƶǘǗǒǍǏǜǜǒƺǘǙǏǜNJƿNJǚǕNJǖǘ
28
ǙǘǎǛǙǝǎǗǘǏ ǐǏǕNJǗǒǏ ǛǙǚǩǜNJǜǦ ǛǔǚǥǜǦ njNJǒcǎǚ~ ƬǏǚǘǩǜǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǧǜǘǖǐǝǚǗNJǕǏǒcǝnjǒ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǝǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǚǝNjNJǒǑNjǥǜǦǒǑNjǝ ǎǏǕǎǘǖǛnjǘǏǓǖǏǡǜǥǑNJǐǒǜǘǡǗǥǓǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗƶNJǚǜǦǩǗ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔ ƻNJǑǘǗǘnjƬǑǩnjǑNJǘǛǗǘnjǝǙǚǘǏǔǜƺǘǙǏǜNJǘǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕ
njǜǘǚǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥ<-<cnjǏǔNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǜǏǛ njcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿcnjǏǔNJǎǘǖnjcǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚNJǟǘǜǁǝǟǕǘǖǥcǷ
ǗǩǜǦǛǩǟǘǜǩǎǏǔǕNJǚǒǚǝǏǜǘNjǚNJǜǗǘǏ ǛcNjNJǢǗǏǓǒcnjǛǏǖǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǣǒǖǛǩǗNJNjǘǚǘǖǚǨǢǏǡǏǔ
ƼNJǔ ǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓ ǎǘǖ ƹǘǚǘǟǘnjǣǒǔǘnjNJ  X %- T ƮǘǖǙǏǚǏǐǒǕǛǜǚNJǢǗǥǓƿƿcnjǏǔǒcǜǒǟǘǚNJǑnjNJǕǒnjNJǕǛǩ
njcƻǜNJǚǘǔǘǗǨǢǏǗǗǘǖǙǏǚǏǝǕǔǏ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔ     - @=QH ǙǘǔNJnjccǍǘǎǝǏǍǘǗǏǗNJǢǏǕǖǘǕǘǎǘǓǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǓ
N   ǜǘǚƪǗǎǚǏǓƭǝǗ cǷnjǏǛǦǖNJǙǚǘǍǚǏǛ NjǒǑǗǏǛǖǏǗǔǚNJǏnjǏǎǒcǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǦƪǗǎǚǏǓƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnj
'   <'  
ǛǒnjǗǥǓǙǘnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǖǝǝǛǜǚǘǓǛǜnjǝǒcǙǕNJ ƪcǎNJǕǦǢǏcǷNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǝǐǏǗǘnjǥǖǖNJǛǛǖǏǎǒNJ NJcǒǖǏǗ
ǗǒǚǘnjǔǏcǷǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǓǒcǕǒǢǦǘNjǕǘǐǏǗ ǗǘǛǘǠǛǏǜǩǖ cǷǛǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǏǡǝǎǘnjǕǨNjǒnj
ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔNJǖǒNjǚǏnjǗNJǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǩǛǚǝNjƪcǎǚǝǍǘǓnjǒǎǗǥǓ ǢǒǛǦnjcǎǘǖƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnjǜNJǔǚNJǛǙǚǘǙNJǍNJǗǎǒǚǘnjNJǕ
ǖNJǛǜǏǚǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩƲnjNJǗƹǏǜǚǘnjǛǎǏǕNJǕǒǑǛnjǘǏǓǞNJ : 
  ǏǍǘǡǜǘnƪǛǜNJǢǘnjǛǔǒǓ ǜǏǚǏǖ~ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǘNjǤǏǔǜǙNJǕǘǖǗǒǡǏǛǜnjNJǏǣǏ
ǖǒǕǒǒNJǗNJǍǚNJǖǖǝǒcǛǜNJǕǗNJǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒǓǖNJǗǏǚƺǘǙǏǜǘǖ ǗNJǛǜNJǎǒǒǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒƮǘǖǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǏǚǏNjǚNJǕǒǒcnjǘǛǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǒǝǜǚNJ
ǧǜNJǞNJǖǒǕǒǩnjǙǘǕǗǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǏǖǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕNJǛǦ ǡǏǗǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǙǘǛǕǏǡǏǍǘǘǗǛǜNJǕǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠǏǓǛcǖǝǑǏǏǖƲcǍǕǩǎǩǗNJǗǏǍǘ
njcǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǚǝǍNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘcǷnǚǘǙǏǜǘnjǣǒǗNJ~  ǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǚǏǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǝǩǛǗǒǜǦǙǚǒǡǒǗǥǜǘǍǘǍǗǏnjNJǛcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖ
ƻNJǖǐǏǛǜǒǕǦcǷǛcǙǘǎNJǡǒǔǚǒǜǒǔNJƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJƴǝǚNjNJǜǘnjNJ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǙǚǏǎNJnjNJǕǛǩǘNjǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǗNJǙǚǘǜǩǐǏǗǒǒǙǘǕǝǜǘǚNJnjǏǔǘnjƬǥ
njccǍǘǎǝcǷǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǘNjǕǒǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǝǨǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǔǝnǙǛǏnj ǡǝǚǗǘǛǜǦǍǕǩǎǒǜǛǔNJǑǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǨǚǨǢǏǡǗǘǛǜǦcǷǎǏǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨnǙǏǜǝǢǒ
ǎǘ~ǟǘǜǩnǛǜǚǘǒǜǦnjcǛǜǒǕǏ~ǝǐǏǛNJǖǘǙǘǛǏNjǏǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜnjǜǘ ǗǘǛǜǦ~cǷǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨƹǚǏǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏcǷǔNJǔǛcǜǏǖǖǏǚǑǔǒǖǐǒǚǗǥǖ
ǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ njǥǢǕNJǧǜNJǘNjǒǎǗNJǩǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǔNJǒǑǝǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǏǗǒǩ ;  

NjǨǚǍǏǚǘǖnjcǗNJNjǘǔǘnjǛǔǘǖnƮNJǚǏ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǎǚǝǍǎǘǛǜNJǕ
ǕǒǢǦnjc<<-cnjǏǔǏ  (<  
+- @G@I ǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǍNJǑǏǜǝǒcǘNjǏǚǗǝǕǛǩǖǒǕǥǖǚǘǎǗǥǖǜǨǞǩǔǘǖ
nƭǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǘcǔNJǔǘǖǕǒNjǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǗNJ ƪnjcǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚNJǟǘǜƪǛǜNJǢǘnjǘ ǛǜǘǒǜǗǏ
ǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒNjǥǕǘǗǏǝǖǏǛǜǗǘcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƲǕǦǩ ǖǏǗǏǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǓǜǏǚǏǖnǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǓ~ǏǣǏ
ƫǘǗǎNJǚǏǗǔǘcǷƸǜǗNJǛǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǘǛǦǜǘǕǦǔǘǝǖǏǗǒǏǕǘnjǔǘ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ ǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǖǒ ǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǖǒ
njǔǕǏǒǜǦǔǘǔǘǢǗǒǔǒǕǒǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǗNJNjǏǑǕǒǔǝǨǘǛǗǘnjǗǝǨ ǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǝNJǕǒǛǜNJǖǒƪǗNJǜǘǕǒǏǖưǒǍNJǕǘnjǥǖ
25
ǖNJǛǛǝǒcǧǜǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǘǛǦǽǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǛǜǒǕǏǖǻ~ ƹǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘ ǒcƷNJǜNJǕǦǏǓƪNjNJǕNJǔǘnjǘǓƸǜǙǚNJnjǒnjǢǒǛǦ
ǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǛǘǑǗNJǗǒǏnjǒǎǒǜnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǛǜǒǕǏǙǚǘǞNJǗNJǠǒǨnƸǗ njc NjNJǓǎNJǚǘǡǗǥǓ Ǚǘǟǘǎ ǘǗǒc ǗNJǜǔǗǝǕǒǛǦ
ǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǜǏǖǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǗǒǩǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǚǏǎǤ 25 !  <-*- w%

ǗNJ ǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǓ ǛǏǕǦǛǘnjǏǜǘǖ ǎǘǖ ǔǝǙ
26
ǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǔcǒǛǜǒǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ~ cǷǙǒǢǏǜƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ E $
P E
 - VB
ǠNJ ƲnjNJǗNJ ƹǘǕǩǢǘnjNJ njc ƹǘǍǘǚǏǕǘnjǘ ǔǝ

 % 
- '-F
ƺǏnjǑǒǗƪcnNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗNJǩǒǛǜǒǗNJǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖNJǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘ ; P V

 ?>@=- - IIA- ǙǒǕǒ ǏǍǘ ǒc ǎǘ Ǜǒǟ Ǚǘǚ Ǚǚǘnjǘǎǩǜ ǜNJǖ
26 X
<#-- (X
 
+
NjǥNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǖǘǍǕNJǝǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǜǦǐǒǑǗǦȁǗǘǛnjǩǑǥnjNJǩǛǦ
< % 
  

 CC
ǕǏǜǘ Ʋc Ǘǒǔǘǖǝ ǗǏ Ǚǚǒǟǘǎǒǜ njc ǍǘǕǘnjǝ
ǛcǽǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǎǏǏǓǻ njǏǑǎǏǔǚǘǖǏǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘ (;  X 
+ \<I @GGH- - ?I-
27 V $-
ǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǡǝǎǏǛǗǥǓǎǘǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗnjcǗǏǔǘ
ǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǘǑǗNJǗǒǩnjcǙǘǕǒǜǒǔǏǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǒǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǏ  28 !  <-*- ^-  - ǏǖǙǛǏnjǎǘǛǜǒǕǏ

24 

  31
ǎǘǖǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǗǘǝǎǘNjǗǥǓǒcǙǘǔǘǓǗǥǓ~ ƷǘǧǜǘǏǣǏǟǘǚǘǢǒǓnjNJǚǒNJǗǜ
njcǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǏǐǏƪǗǜǘǗNJǁǏǟǘnjNJnƴǝǕNJǡǦǏǍǗǏǑǎǘ~  njǛǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔǝǎNJ
!    ǜǚNJǍǒǡǗǏǏnƴǝǑǦǖNJnjnjǘǎǒǜǗNJǗǒǖNJǜǏǕǏǓnjcnjǏǜǟǒǓǛNJǚNJǓǡǒǔǛcǗǘnjǥǖǒǘǔ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǗNJǖǒƬǗǝǜǚǒǛNJǚNJǓǡǒǔǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔNJǖǒǗNJǜǚǒǔNJǖǘǚǔǒƬcǎnjǝǟ
ǔNJǖǘǚǔNJǟǛǜǘǩǜǙǝǛǜǥǏǑNJǔǚǘǖNJ
Ƿ ƷǏǜ ǔǝǎNJ ǐǏ ǜǝǜ ǐǒǜǦc Ƿ ǑNJǩnjǕǩǏǜ ǜǘǣNJǩ ǎNJǖNJ NjǚǏǑǍǕǒ
njǘǘǍǕǩǎǥnjNJǩǖǚNJǡǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǒcǑNJǔǚǘǖNJcǷLJǜǘǛNJǚNJǓNJcǗǏǎNJǡNJ
ƲcǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗǏǡǏǍǘưǘǚǐȁƼǝǜǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏǒcǜǏǡǏǜǒcǎǝǏǜƷǏnjǘǑ
32
ǖǘǐǗǘǐǒǜǦ~
ƻǕǘnjǘnǎNJǡNJ~ǔNJǔǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǗNJǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǏǩǑǥǔǒǗǏǙǏǚǏnjǘǎǒǜǛǩƼNJǔǒcǙǒ ƹǘǎǘNjǗǥǏǎǒNJǕǘǍǒǖǘǐǗǘNjǝǎǏǜǝǛǕǥǢNJǜǦǒcǛǙǝǛǜǩǛǜǘǕǏǜcǷ
ǢǝǜHEGLEƷǘǡǜǘǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǧǜNJǗǏǙǏǚǏnjǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦ#ǁǜǘǎNJǡNJcǷǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǗNJ ǛǚǏǎǒǐǏǕNJǨǣǒǟǛǗǩǜǦǝǍǘǕnjcƴǚNJǜǘnjǘǒǕǒƹǏǚǟǝǢǔǘnjǘƹǘǜǘǖǝ
ǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǞǏǗǘǖǏǗǔNJǔQEXVMSWLOEWEQSZEVZSHOEƴǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǘǎǔǏǖǘǐǗǘ ǡǜǘǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǏǓnǙǚǘnjǏǛǜǒǕǏǜǘǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ~
ǗNJǓǜǒNJǗNJǕǘǍǒƷǘǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǠǝǛǕǘǐǗǘǘǛǘǑǗNJǜǦǡǜǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǑǗNJǡǒǜ ǎNJǡNJNjǥǛǜǚǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǖǘǎǘǓǒcǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǖǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǜNJǜǝ
ZSHOEǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJcǷǔNJǔǒcHEGLEƪcǒcǜǘǒcǎǚǝǍǘǏǛǕǘnjǘcǷǛǒ ǛNJǚNJǎǒǡǏǍǘǍǘǚǘǐNJǗǒǗǍǘǜǘnjǗNJnjǛǏnƼǘǡǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǝcǙǏǜǏǚ
ǗǘǗǒǖǥǛǕǘnjNJnǛnjǘNjǘǎNJ~ ǙǘǏǕǒǔǝǒǗǘǓǛnjǘNjǘǎǥǝcǗǏǍǘǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǒcǗǏNjǥǕǘ  NjǝǚǐǠǏnjcǷǙǒǢǏǜnjccǍǘǎǝNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƹǘǕǝǩǗ
ƮNJǡǗǥǓNjǝǖǗNJǡNJǕǛǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒnjcǔǘǗǠǏ<-<cnjǏǔNJǔǘǍǎNJǗNJǒǛǜǘ ǛǔǒǓcǷǝcǖǗǘǍǒǟǐǒǜǏǕǏǓǙǚǘnjǒǗǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǟǍǘǚǘǎǘnjǎNJǡNJcǷǙNJǛǛǒǩ
ǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǛǠǏǗǏnjǘǑǗǒǔǗǘnjǥǓcǷǛǚǏǎǗǒǓcǷǔǕNJǛǛnƮǘǛǒǟǙǘǚnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏ ǚǘǎǗǏǎǝǍNJǒcǗǏǜǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǚǜnjǥǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǘǗǒǗǏǙǚǒǗǏǛǕǒNjǥǚNJǎǒ
NjǥǕǒǜǘǕǦǔǘǍǘǛǙǘǎNJǒcǖǝǐǒǔǒcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJ ǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǩǙǘǛǏǕǒǜǦǛǩǍǎǏǗǒNjǝǎǦnjcNjNJǚNJǡǗǘǓǙǘǎnjǏǚǐǏǗǗǘǓ
29
ƯǚǖǘǕNJǓƵǘǙNJǟǒǗcǷNJcǜǏǙǏǚǦǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǏǣǏǎNJǡǗǒǔǒ~ nƷNJǡǒǗNJǩǛcǖǏǕ ǜǏǡǒǒcǛǔnjǘǑǗǘǖǝnjǏǜǚǝǔǘǗǝǚǏǘǡǏǗǦǡNJǛǜǘǛǚǏǎǒnjǘǘNjǚNJǐNJǏǖǥǟ
ǔǘǍǘǕNJnjǘǡǗǒǔNJǙǚǒǔNJǑǡǒǔNJNJǚǜǏǕǦǣǒǔNJǒcǎǘNjǘǍNJǜǘǍǘNjNJǗǔǒǚNJǎǒǚǏǔǜǘ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǽǙǘǕǏǓǒcǕǏǛǘnjǻǒcnjǛǏǧǜǘǚNJǎǒǜǣǏǛǕNJnjǗǘǍǘǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǩ
33
ǚNJǔNJǗǠǏǕǩǚǒǒǒcǐǝǒǚNJnjǔǕǨǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘcǷnjǛǏǛcǗNJǛǜǝǙǕǏǗǒǏǖǙǏǚnjǥǟǐǏ ǒǖǏǜǦǙǚNJnjǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǽƶǥǜNJǔǐǏǐǒnjǏǖǗNJǎNJǡǏǻ~
njǏǛǏǗǗǒǟǎǗǏǓǖǏǡǜNJǨǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔNjǥǙǚǘnjǏǛǜǒǕǏǜǘnjǗǏǽǙǥǕǦǗǘǍǘǻ ;

- J
 ƪnǎǕǩǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJǎNJǡǏnjǕNJǎǏǕǦǠNJǎNJǡNJcǷǧǜǘǛǜǘǓǕǘǎǕǩ
30   .. 
ǍǘǚǘǎNJǗNJǎNJǡǏǗNJǽǡǒǛǜǘǖnjǘǑǎǝǟǏǻ~  ǙǘǛǥǕNJǏǖǘǓǏǖǝƫǘǍǘǖǗNJǕǏǜǘǔǘǚǘnjǥnjcǕǒǠǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǽǍǘǛǙǘǎǒǗNJǻ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǒǔNJǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǙǏǎNJǡǗǘǍǘNjǝǖNJ ǒcǙǘǡǏǕNjǥǘǗǛǏNjǩǘǛǒǗǘnjǥǖǡǝǚNjNJǗǘǖǏǛǕǒNjǥǗǏǛǜNJǕǎǘǒǜǦǏǏǏǕǒ
ǖǥǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǙǘǎǎNJǡǒǛǎNJǨǜǛǩǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǒǏǎǘǖNJǒǕǒǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǔcǗǒǖ ǔǘnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘcǷǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜƹǘǕǝǩǗǛǔǒǓcǷƬǛǏǙǘǖǥǛǕǥǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJ
ƬcǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǏƲnjNJǗNJƫǝǗǒǗNJnƷNJǎNJǡǏ~  ǗNJǟǘǎǒǖǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǏǝǜǘǡǗǏ ǎNJǡǏnjǕNJǎǏǕǦǠNJǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǥǕǏǜǘǖǗNJǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǏǘǔǘǕǘǎNJǡǗǒǔNJƬǑǒǚNJǩǗNJ
ǗǒǏnƮǘǖǗǏǙǘǟǘǎǒǕǗNJǎNJǡǗǥǓǧǜǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǔǗǘnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǒǓ njǘǎnjǘǚǒnjǢǏǍǘǛǩǝcǗǏǍǘǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǏǓǎNJǡ
;  
- @=G>P ǗǒǔNJǔNJǔǗNJǛnjǘǨǎǘǓǗǝǨǔǘǚǘnjǝnjcǛǜǘǓ
ǕǏǙǏǓǑNJǗǕǨNjǘnjǗǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǏǍǘǽǖǘǒǖǻ
ǗǏǘǜǛǜǝǙǗǘǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǛǜǚNJǐǏǏǍǘǔNJǚǖNJ
ǗNJǒcǍǘǜǘnjǚNJǑǘǎǚNJǜǦǛǩǏǛǕǒǟǘǜǦǘǎǒǗ
ǎnjǝǍǚǒnjǏǗǗǥǓǒǑǗǏǍǘǑNJǔNJǔǒǏǗǒNjǝǎǦ
ǜNJǖǝǛǕǝǍǒǙǚǘǛǔǘǕǦǑǗǏǜǖǒǖǘǏǍǘǚǝǔǒ
34

29 _E <-;- "


:B  CC ; -
njcǚǝǔǒǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǛǘǛǏǎǏǓ~ 
   
  


<%
 ƷNJ njǜǘǚǘǖ ǧǜNJǙǏ ǎNJǡǗǘǍǘ
<I>< E- V-<@I- '-F R @G=H-
-<?>I-
NjǝǖNJǗNJǛǠǏǗǝnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǎǏnjǏǕǘǙǏǚǔǘǏ
30 ; 
<J-W- N
- VB  -
ǍǘǁǏǟǘnjǒcǑNJǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǕnjcnƬǒǢǗǏnjǘǖǛNJǎǏ~
 B BE 
<B   -

  B 
- - P  ƵǘǙNJǟǒǗǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔǝ
'-U-<"  @=GA- -<@-
31 !
<-- R  CC ;    -
ǙǚǘǠǏǛǛNJnƬNJǢǏǒǖǏǗǒǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǜǘǕǦ

  

 <@I  E- V-<@-
ǔǘnjcǎnjNJǎǠNJǜǒnjǏǚǛǜNJǟǘǜǍǘǚǘǎNJnjǘǑǕǏ 
 % 
'-F "  ?>>H- - IMI-
32 _E <-;- J   CC ; - ǙǚǘǢǕNJǐǏǕǏǑǗNJǩǎǘǚǘǍNJǒcǏǛǕǒnjǒǢ ("
:B +- V 
V  $
 

   
  


<%

<I>  E- V-<I- '-F R @GQM-
ǗǏnjǥǓǛNJǎǒcǑǏǖǕǨǙǘǚǏǔǏǚNJǑNjǒǜǦǗNJ S - "<
) %E
<K
-<AI=YAIG-
33 ; 
<J-W- ^-  - -<?-
ǎNJǡǗǥǏǝǡNJǛǜǔǒǒcǘǜǎNJnjNJǜǦǙǘǜǘǖnjcNJǚǏǗ " 

 "B 

<
X <K  
34 V $- -<H- ǎǝǙǘǎǎNJǡǒǜǘnjǥNjǝǎǏǜǏǒǖǏǜǦǛNJǖǘǏ N
 - J  @GQ>PE

26 
ƬǛNJǖǥǟǘNjǣǒǟǡǏǚǜNJǟǜǘǜǎNJǡǗǥǓǎǘǖǖǘǐǗǘǘǙǒǛNJǜǦǔNJǔNjǚǏnjǏǗ
ǡNJǜǥǓǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǛcǗǏǙǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ ǒǕǒnjǏǚNJǗǎǘǓǛcǖǏǕǔǘǓǚNJǛ
ǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǔǘǓ ǛcNjNJǢǏǗǔǘǓ ǒǕǒǘǔǗǘǖnjcǧǚǔǏǚǏ ƹǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǏǍǘǚǏǎǔǘǒǖǏǕNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǜnjǏǚǎǥǏǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǥǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǗNJnjǏǚǟǝǡNJǣǏNjǥǕǒǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǏǛǙNJǕǏǗǔǒ
ǒǒǕǒǔNJNjǒǗǏǜ NJcnjǗǒǑǝcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǔǝǟǗǩ ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǩǩǒǗǘǍǎNJǘNjǘ
ǚǝǎǘnjNJǕNJǛǦnjcǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔǏNJcǝǎǘNjǛǜnjNJǖǘǍǕǒNjǥǜǦǒcnjǘnjǛǏnjǘǎnjǘǚǏ ƭǕNJnjǗǥǖ
ǐǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǖǎNJǡǒǘǜǕǨNjǘǍǘǎǚǝǍǘǍǘǜǒǙNJǗǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǐǒǕǦǩǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜNJ
ǛNJǖNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ njǏǚNJǗǎNJ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǒǚǝǏǜǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǔǝǎNJǡǗǘǍǘnjǚǏ
ǖǩǙǚǏǙǚǘnjǘǐǎǏǗǒǩnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǗǘǗǏnjcǘǍǘǚǘǎǏNJcǍǕNJnjǗǘǏcǷǙǘǎ
ǔǚǥǢǏǓƲcNjǏǑǝǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǩǜǛǩǗǒǘǎǗǒǖǏǖǝNJǚǥ
nƲcǔNJǔǒǏǎNJǡǒcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƴǘǚǘnjǒǗcǷ
ƲǑǛǘǛǗǥǛcǚǏǑǦNjǘǓǞǒǗǜǒǞǕǨǢǔNJǖǒƬǗǝǜǚǒǎNJǡNJǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǕNJǛǦǗNJǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ
ƲǑǑNJǕNJǡǏǚǏǑǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǝǨǎnjǏǚǦnjǥǟǘǎǒǕǒǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǏǘNjǏǎNJǕǒ
ǙǒǕǒǡNJǓƼǏǚǚNJǛNJǛǙǝǛǔNJǕNJǛǦnjcǛNJǎǙǘǕǗǥǓ
ǛǒǚǏǗǒǒcǐNJǛǖǒǗNJLJǜǒǎNJǡǒNjǥǕǒǔNJǔǗǘnjǥǏ
ǒǍǚǝǢǔǒnjǥǍǕǩǎǥnjNJǨǣǒǏǒǑǕǏǛNJƬcǎNJǡǏ
ǙNJǟǕǘǛǘǛǗǘǓǒǑǕǏǛǝǗǏǛǕǒǛǦNJǚǘǖNJǜǥǠnjǏ
ǜǘnjǒcǛǏǗNJƿǘǚǘǢǘNjǥǕǘǐǒǜǦǗNJǎNJǡǏcǷǔNJǔ
36
njcǚNJǨ~ ƴǘǚǘnjǒǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǎNJǡǝnjcƺNJǜǝǟǒ
ǗǘnjcǎnjǝǟǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚNJǟǘǜǎǘǖNJǛnjǘǏǍǘǎǚǝǍNJ
ƾǏǎǘǚNJǂNJǕǩǙǒǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǜǘǜǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǕ
ǜNJǔnƻǖǏǢǗǘǓǙǘǖǘǏǖǝǗǏǛǝǚNJǑǗǥǓǔNJǔǘǓ
ǜǘǗǘǝǨǜǗǥǓǙǚǒǩǜǗǥǓ ȁ"ƬǜǚǘǏǖǛǜǚǘ
ǒǕǒǖǥǧǜǘǜǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǒǓǖǘǓǎǘǖƬNJǕǏǗǜǒǗ
ƻǏǚǘnjƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƴǘǚǘnjǒǗǒcǩƺǒǛǘnjNJǕǒ
37
ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǗNJNjǕǨǎNJǕǒǝǔǚNJǢNJǕǒ~ ƷǏ
ǖNJǕǘǏǎnjNJǎǠNJǜǦǙǩǜǦǜǥǛǩǡnjcǍǘǎǎǘǟǘǎNJ ȁ"ƶǏǛǜǘǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǡǝǎǏǛǗǘǏ V   
 ǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǒǛǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǏǖNjǥǕǙǕǘǜǗǒǔcǷ ! 
 J 
-
nnjǛǏǘNjǣǒǓǗNJǢǕǨNjǒǖǏǠǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǜǘǓǐǏ R<- @G>H
35 -R-<!  < 
ǚǏǔNJǍǕǝNjǘǔNJǩ~ ƵǘǙNJǟǒǗǜǘǡǗǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǏǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǏǝǛǙǏǟNJ "    "  -
38
NjǕǒǑǘǛǜǦǔcǍǘǚǘǎǝǗNJǕǒǡǒǏǐǏǕǏǑǗǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǒNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǩǚǏǔNJ 1905 ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǛǔǘǓǍǝNjǏǚǗǒǒǁǏǛǗǘǔǘnj~ ƱǘǎǡǏǍǘǐǏǂNJǕǩǙǒǗnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǚNJǑ
ǔNJǔǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǏǚNJǑnjǕǏǡǏǗǒǏƷǘǑNJnjǛǏǓǧǜǘǓǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǔǘǓǛǗǘnjNJǗǏǜǗǒǔNJǔǘǓ njǏǡǜǘǗǏǛcǗNJǛǖǏǢǔǘǓnƫǥǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǗǏǔǒǓƶNJǑǥǚǒǗcǷǙǘǎǚǝǐǏǛǔǒ
39
ǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǒǔNJǔǘǓNjǝǎǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǎNJǡcǷǗǏnjNJǐǗǘ ǖǥǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǒǏǍǘƪǗǡǝǜǔǘǓ~ ƪcǧǜǘǖǏǐǎǝǙǚǘǡǒǖǜǘǜǛNJǖǥǓƬǒǔǜǘǚƶNJ
ƸǗNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩcǷnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿnjǏǔNJǗǘǘǙǒǛNJǜǦǏǏ ǑǥǚǒǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏǜǚǒǎǏǛǩǜǔNJǎǘǟǘǎǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjNJcǜNJǔǐǏ
ǛǕǘǐǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǜNJǔǒǖǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǖǔNJǔǘ N * 
 _

 
ǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓnǖNJnjǚǒǜNJǗǛǔǒǓ~ǎǘǖƪǚǛǏǗǒǩƶǘǚǘǑǘnjNJǗNJƬǘǑǎnjǒǐǏǗǔǏ
ǍǘǚǝǛǛǔNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǚNJǗǦǢǏǗǏǑǗNJǕNJƬǛǏǜNJǔǒǎNJǐǏǒǑNjNJcǷǙǚǒnjǛǏǖ <J   - @G>>P ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǗǏNjǚǏǐǗǘǛǜǦǂNJǕǩǙǒǗNJǒǖǏǏǜǙǘǗǩǜǗǥǏǔǘǚ
ǏǏǖǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǒǒcǚǏǍǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǟnjNJǚǒNJǠǒǩǟcǷNjǥǕNJNjǘǕǏǏ ǗǒǟǘǜǩǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǎNJǡǒǙǘǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǖǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǖNJcǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǡNJǛǜǘǛǘNjǒǚNJ
ǘǎǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗNJǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝNjǘǕǏǏǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǚǗNJƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǏǛǜǦ ǨǜǛǩǒcǒǑǎNJǨǜǛǩǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǖǒǔǗǒǍNJǖǒ ǘǎǗǝǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǟǔNJǔǚNJǑ
ǗǘnjǘǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǘǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏnjǚǏǖǏǗ 35 _E <-;- "
:B  CC ; -
ǒcǛǎǏǕNJǕƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƹǘǕǝǩǗǛǔǒǓ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǗNJnjǛǏǟǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǏǜǒcǎNJǡ
   
  


<%

ǗǘǓǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǔǒǎNJǡǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦǗǏǗNJǘǎǗǘǕǏǜǘ <I>< E- V-<@I- '-F R @G=H- ǗǥǓNjǝǖǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǧǚǝǛNJǖǘǛǜǚǘǩǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǑNJǔǘǗǡǒǜǛǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǗǒǔǘǍǎNJ
-<?>?-
ǗǘǒcǗǏǗNJnjǏǔNJƻǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǒǚNJǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ 36 J 
 J  
 % 
b ǒcǗǏǚNJǑnjǑǘǚnjǏǜǛǩǞǏǏǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǒǢǏǎǏnjǚNJǖǒ ǘǎǗǒǖǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜ
ǞǝǗǔǠǒǩ ǘNjǕǏǍǡǏǗǗNJǩǗǏǜNJǔNJǩǘNjǩǑǥnjNJǨǣNJǩǔNJǔnǍǘǚǘǎ '-F  
  
 
ǛǩǘǛǗǘnjǗNJǩǡNJǛǜǦǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒ ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǛNJǖǥǏǩǚǔǒǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǛǜǚǘǩǜ
@GG>- - A>QYA>=-
ǛǔǘǓǎǘǖ~ ǗǘǒcǧǙǘǟNJ ǧǔǕǏǔǜǒǔNJǘǛnjǘNjǘǎǒǕNJǘǜǎǘǍǖNJǜNJ 37 a %
<T-- '
<:- njǛǏǜNJǔǒǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǥcǷǑNJǎNJnjNJǩǙǕNJǗǔǝǒcǙǚǏǎǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǩǘNjǚNJǑǠǥǎǕǩ
'
     E-
ǏǎǒǗǘǛǜǒǕǦǩ ǒcǖǏǛǜǘ ǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǚǒǞǖǝ '-F< '  
  
 @G=G-
NjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǍǘǙǘǎǚNJǐNJǗǒǩƲǟǝǛǒǕǒǩǖǒnjcǎNJǡǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǙǚǘǗǒǔNJǏǜ
ǏǜǛǩǛǘnǛnjǘNjǘǎǘǓ~ ǒcǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕ ǝǐǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǚǏnjǗǘǗǘ - ?QG-
38 V $-
ǒcǝǛnjNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǒǑǝǖǕǏǗǒǏǕǏǍǔǘǗǏnjǑǒǚNJǩǗNJǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǏǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǏ
ǒcNjǚǝǛǒcǔNJǚǔNJǛ  39 V $- ǏǍǘǜǏǔǝǡǒǟǞǘǚǖǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǗǘnjǥǓǛǜǒǕǦcǷǖǘǎǏǚǗ

28 
#    ǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǙNJǗǗǘǎǕǩƷǒǐǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒcǍǘǎNJnƯǍǘǛǜǥǗǝǣǒǏnjcǟǘ
ǕǘǎǏǒcǖǍǕǏǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǏǙǝǛǜǥǗǒǏǍǘǕǏǛNJǘNjǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǏǚǏǎǔǒǖǛǜǚǘǏǖǛǜǝ
ǎǏǗǥǏǘǑǏǚNJǏǍǘNjǝǚǥǏǒcǛǒǑǥǏǜǝǡǒȁnjǛǏǧǜǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǖǘǜǔǚǘ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

44
njǏǗǒǏǖƻǏnjǏǚNJ~ cǷǗNJǙǒǛNJǕǜNJǔǘǓǛǜǚǘǍǒǓǛǝǎǦǩǔNJǔƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǏǗǝNJ
ƷǘǚǏǢNJǨǣǝǨǚǘǕǦǛǥǍǚNJǕǒǎNJǐǏǗǏǔNJǚǜǒǗǥNJcǚǒǛǝǗǔǒǗǏǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǔNJǔ
ǜNJǔǘnjǘǏNJcǛǗǘnjNJǖNJǛǛǖǏǎǒNJƲǍǘǚǦƭǚNJNjNJǚǦnjccǍǘǎǝNJcƲnjNJǗƫǒǕǒNjǒǗ
njcǖǎǏǕNJǨǜǙǘǛǏǚǒǒǚǒǛǝǗǔǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǜNJnjǙǘǡǜǘnjǥǖǒǔNJǚǜǘǡǔNJǖǒ
ǚNJǑǕǏǜNJǨǜǛǩǙǘnjǛǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǏǡǜǘNjǥnǘǜǔǚǘnjǏǗǒǏƻǏnjǏǚNJ~ǛǜNJǕǘnjǛǏǘNjǣǒǖ
ƿǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒǛǜNJǕǒǒcǙǏǚnjǥǖǒǑǘǎǡǒǖǒǗǘnjǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnj
ƭǚNJǗǒǠǝǖǏǐǎǝǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǛǜǒǕǏǖǒcǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǙǚǘǡǏǚǜǒǕnjccǍǘǎǝǔǚǒ ǛǜǚǘǒǜnjcƪNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǘnƲǑNjǝǢǔǝǗNJǔǝǚǦǒǟǗǘǐǔNJǟ~ƹǘǕǏǗǘnjcǷǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ
ǜǒǔƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƴǝǚNjNJǜǘnjnƷǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ NJcǗǏǙǛǏnjǎǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ ǛǜǒǕǦǙǘǩ ǎǘǖǗNJƸǔǏƴǘǚǘnjǒǗcǷǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗƴǚNJǓǗǏǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJǗNJǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏ
njǒǕǛǩǛcǜǘǍǘǖǘǖǏǗǜNJǔǘǍǎNJǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǛcnjǘǛǜǘǚǍǘǖǙǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǕ njcƷǒǐǗǏǖƫǒǕǒNjǒǗcǷǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗnjcǀNJǚǛǔǘǖƻǏǕǏƻǏǚǍǏǓƶNJǕǨǜǒǗcǷǜǏǚǏǖǘǔ
40
ǗNJǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƶǘǛǔnjǥƷǘnjǍǘǚǘǎNJǒcljǚǘǛǕNJnjǕǩ~ ǀǏǚǔǘnjǦƻǙNJǛNJǗNJƷǏ njǘƾǕǏǗǘnjǘƷǘǑǎǏǛǦǏǣǏǖǗǘǍǘǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǒǛǛǘnjNjǘǒǜǛǩǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ǚǏǎǒǠǏ<--cnjǏǔNJNjǕǒǑƷǘnjǍǘǚǘǎNJǒcǛǜNJǕNJǙǚǘǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏ ǗǥǖǙǘǕǏǗǘnjǛǔǒǓǎǘǖ ǏǍǘǢǜǝǔNJǜǝǚǩǜ ǔǘǕǘǛǒǜǛǩǛǔNJǑǘǡǗǘǓǧǔǑǘǜǒǔǘǓǜǏǚǏ
ǗǒǩnjcǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǛǜǒǕǏcǷǠǏǚǔnjǒnjcƪNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǘ  ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǓǙǘ ǖǘǔƶNJǕǨǜǒǗNJNJcǛNJǖǥǖǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǖǒǑǧǜǒǟ
ǧǛǔǒǑNJǖƬǒǔǜǘǚNJƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjNJǒcƬNJǛǒǕǒǩƹǘǕǏǗǘnjNJƸǗNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǔNJǖǏǗǗNJǩ ǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǓǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
NJcnjǘǜǙǏǚnjǥǓǏǏǧǛǔǒǑǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǓƹǘǕǏǗǘnjǥǖNjǥǕnjǑǩǜnǛcǘNjǚNJǑǠNJǛǏnjǏǚ ƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjNJnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏ  ƾǏǎǘǚǂNJǕǩ
41
ǗǥǟǘǕǘǗǏǠǔǒǟǕǏǛǗǥǟǡNJǛǘnjǏǗǘǔ~ ǒcǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏ ǙǒǗǖǩǍǔǘǘǙǒǛNJǕǏǍǘǔNJǔnǗǏǡǜǘǛǚǏǎǗǏǏ
ƲǎǕǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǛǜǒǕǏǒǖǏǗ ǖǏǐǎǝǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǘǓ
45
ǗǘƻǏnjǏǚǛǜNJǕǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǏǗǒǩƻnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǏǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǒcǎǚǏnjǗǒǖǔǗǩǐǏǛǔǒǖǜǏǚǏǖǘǖ~ ǗǘǗNJ
ǚǥǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǕǒǛǝǚǘnjǥǓǔǕǒǖNJǜǒcnjǘǕǦǗǥǓnjǏǜǏǚƷǘnjǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǚǏǛǙǝ ǖǏǢNJǗǘǜNJǖǍǘǚNJǑǎǘNjǘǕǦǢǏcǷǒcǔNJǔǡNJǛǜǘ
NjǕǒǔǒǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǜnjǘǏǏǙǕǘǜǗǒǔǘnjǒcǘNjǒǕǒǏǕǏǛNJǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǘǔǔǝǙNJǗǜǘnj NjǥnjNJǏǜǝcƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjNJǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘnjNJǚnjNJǚǛǔǒ
ǒcǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǗǘǍǘǙǚNJnjNJǏǣǏǘǎǗNJnjǘǕǗNJǗǏǙǘǔǘǚǗǘǛǜǒnjcǕǒǠǏǚNJǛǔǘǕǦǗǒ ƲǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǚǝNjǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦǙǘNjǏǕǒǜǦ
ǔǘnjƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǝǎNJǕǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǒcǜǚǝǎǗǘǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǘǛǜǦǙǘǑnjǘǕǒnjǢNJǩǠǏǚǔ  !


- njcǎǘǖǏNjǥǕǘǟǘǕǘǎǗǘǒcǎǝǕǘ ǙǘǛǕǏǡǏǍǘ "
  " -
njǩǖǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǛǩǙǘǡǜǒnjcǙǏǚnjǘǑǎNJǗǗǘǖnjǒǎǏƻǏnjǏǚǗǥǏǒǑNjǥǜǘǐǏ  
 <
(;B: T

 WP
ǗNJǞNJǛNJǎNJǟǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǗNJNjǘǚǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǒǑNJǚ  B  
<V
  &B<K
ǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǘǘǜǕǒǡNJǨǜǛǩǘǜǛǚǏǎǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǟcǷǛǔǝǙǘǛǜǦǨǎǏǔǘǚNJǖǘǗǝ   +- @G>? ǛǏǗNJǕNJǔNJǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJnjǒǜǥǏǗNJ " , % - @=GA
ǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨNjǚǝǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨ ǕǒǡǗǒǔǒǚǏǑǗǥǏǔǘǕǘǗǔǒǒǑǚNJǑǠǥƼǏǚǏǖǘǔǐǏǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǓǛǩ
ƽǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǘǎǘǔǘǗǠNJ<-<cnjǏǔNJǧǜǘǗNJǛǕǏǎǒǏNjǥǕǘǙǚNJǔǜǒ ǗǏǔǚNJǢǏǗǥǖ njcǗǏǖcǷǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJ ǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǏǜNjǘǡǔǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǝǨǞǘǚǖǝǝcƴǘǕǘ
ǡǏǛǔǒǗǏǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘƸǜǔǚǥnjNJǨǜƻǏnjǏǚǝǡǏǗǥǏǙǏǚnjǥǖǜǝǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝǘǜǙǚNJ T  aE - ǖǏǗǛǔǘǍǘǎnjǘǚǠNJƷǘnjc<:---Ƕ<-<cnjǏǔNJǟǘǗNJ
;  
 
njǒǕǛǩƵǏnjƮNJǕǦǛǥǗNJnjǜǘǚNJǛǕǘnjNJǚǩǒcǙǘǒǜǘǍNJǖǧǔǛǙǏǎǒǠǒǒǘǙǝNjǕǒǔǘnjNJǕ )  <_  E-
ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǝǐǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǏǚǘǍNJǜǒnjǘǓǎǏǚǏ
ǛǜNJǜǦǨnjcǐǝǚǗNJǕǏnƱǘǎǡǒǓ~ƪcnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJƻǏnjǏǚǎnjǒǗǝǕǛǩƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ 1900 njǩǗǗǥǟǟǚNJǖǘnjcǷǒcǧǜNJnǛǏǔǝǕǩǚǒǑNJǠǒǩ~
ƻǝǛǕǘnjǒcǑNJǙǩǜǦǕǏǜǘNjǖǏǚǒǕǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǛǎǏǕNJǕǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǓǡǏǚǜǒǕ ǑǗNJǔǘnjǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǎǘǚǘǍǝƾǏǎǘǚǝ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒǒǗǒǠǒǒǚǘnjNJǕǘǟǚNJǗǝǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǘnjnjǘǑǖǝǣNJǕǛǩǗǒǑ ǂǏǟǜǏǕǨǕǒǟǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǣǏǖǝǘNjǚNJǑǥ
ǔǘǙǘǔǕǘǗǛǜnjǘǖǙǏǚǏǎƱNJǙNJǎǘǖnƷǏǑǗNJǨǕǒǡǗǥǓǕǒǧǜǘnjǔǝǛǒǕǒǡǝnjǛǜnjǘ ǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcǜNJǔǒǟǛǘǘǚǝǐǏ
ǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǓǍǘǚǎǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǏǛǜǥǐǝǛǦǗǘǗǒǡǜǘǖǗǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǗǒǩǟǔNJǔǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǥǗNJnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏnjcƭǕNJǑǍǘ
ǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǜNJǔnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǒǜǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘnjǔNJǔǧǜǒǘNjǕǒǔǒǛnjǘǏ 40 J <"-U- U<  
    ǎNJǡNJǔǗǒǍǘǙǏǡNJǜǗǒǔNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJ
ǗNJǚǘǎǗǥǟǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǓƷǏǝǐǏǕǒȁnjǛǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǏǩǣǒǔǒǗNJǕǘǗǎǘǗǛǔǒǓ  BE %   CC (w 
+
ƵǏnjǏǗǛǘǗNJnjcǁǘNjǘǜNJǟ  ǒcljǚǘǛǕNJnjǛǔǒǓ
@G@> \<I>- -<I@@-
ǖNJǗǏǚǛǘǛǔǝǡǗǥǖǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘǖǙǘǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǒcǙǚǒǜǘǚǗǘǓǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǏǓnjcǙǕNJ 41 ;  <R-"-  - " P njǘǔǑNJǕ  
42 % 

- '- ?>@I-
ǗǏǒcǞNJǛNJǎǏǗǏǝǐǏǕǒnjǛǏǧǜǘǜNJǔNjǥǛǜǚǘǙǚǒǕNJǎǒǕǘǛǦǔcǗNJǢǏǓǐǒǑǗǒ#~ 42  <-"-  
<V-- " 
- ƼǘǡǜǘǜǚǒǜNJǔǒǟǚNJǑǗǥǟǙǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǜNJǔǛǟǘǐǒǖǏǐǎǝ
ƿǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒǝǛǕǥǢNJǕǒcǷǒcnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǒǕǒǛǦƲcǏǛǕǒǝǡǏǗǥǏǘǜǔǚǥ 
  - )-F  
 @GQ=-
43 T
  <N-"-  B 
ǛǘNjǘǓǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǒcǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǛǜǒǕǦǛǕǘǐǒǕǛǩǒcǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǛǏǖNJǗǜǒǔNJǞǘǚǖǙǏ
ǕǒƻǏnjǏǚǎǕǩǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǒǛǜǘnj nƻǝǛǕǘnjǒǑǝǡNJǕǗǏǐǒnjǝǨǛǜNJǚǒǗǝNJcǖǝǑǏǓǗǥǏ    CC (X ǚǏǛǜNJǕNJǒǍǚNJǜǦnjcǗǏǖǙǚǏǐǗǨǨǚǘǕǦƼǘǡǗǏǏǡǜǘǘǗNJǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛ
43 B + @G@> \<@@- -<QA-
ǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǒǛǔǘǚǏǏǔNJǔNJǚǟǏǘǕǘǍNJǗNJǜǘǖǗǏǐǏǕǒǔNJǔǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǞǒǑǒǘǕǘǍ~  44 !<-R-  
   $
P ǕǏǗNJcǷǒcǜǝǜǜǚǝǎǗǘǝǎǏǚǐNJǜǦǛǩǘǜǛǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǛcǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǘǖƲcǏǛǕǒ
ǜǘǎǕǩǢǒǚǘǔǘǓǙǝNjǕǒǔǒǧǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǕǒǒǖǏǗǗǘǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒcǷǝǐǏǗNJǚǝNjǏǐǏ  %

<ZOZ<- '-F X%

ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜNJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǛǔǝǨnjǏǚǛǒǨǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗNJcǷǛcǏǍǘǒǚǘ
@GGM- -<IHA-
njǏǔǘnjǁǏǛǜǗǘǙǚǘǏǑǎǒnjǢǒǛǦǙǘƻǏnjǏǚǝnjccǍǘǎǝƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƴǘǚǘnjǒǗ 45 a %
<T-- ^-  - - ?=G- ǗǒǏǓǒǍǚǒnjǘǛǜǦǨǒcǔǘǖǖǏǚǡǏǛǔǒǖNJǑNJǚǜǘǖcǷǜǘǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦNjǘǕǦǢǏ

30 
ǛǟǘǐǛcǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǘǓnjǏǚǛǒǏǓǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǍǎǏǚǏǡǦǒǎǏǜǘcǙǏǚǏǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏ ǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǩǘNjǤǏǖǘnjǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǘcǜǏǚǏǖNJǟǗǘǘǜǎǏǕǔNJcǷǛǔǘǚǏǏǘcǗǘǚnjǏǐǛǔǒǟ
ǗǒǒǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƬcǎNJǡǏƵǏnjǏǗǛǘǗNJǏǛǜǦǒcǡǏǜ ǔǒǚǔNJǟƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƺǘǔǒǠǔǒǓǎǏǕNJǏǜnjǒǕǕǝnjcƬǥǚǒǠǏ  ǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǓǎǏǔǘǚǖǘ
njǏǚǒǔnǔǘǕǘǔǘǕǏǗǔǒ~ǒcnǍǝǕǦNjǒǣǏ~ǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒcnǜǚNJǙǏǑǗNJǩ~ǗNJǔǚǥǜNJǩ ǎǏǚǗNJǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǝǏǜǑǎǏǛǦǛcǗǘǚnjǏǐǛǔǒǖǐǏǎǚNJǔǘǗǘǖnjcǔǘǗǦǔǏƷǘǏǛǕǒnjǘnjǛǏǟ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǓǢNJǙǔǘǓǔǚǥǢǒcǷǒcnjǛǏǧǜǘǛNjǒǜǘnjcǘǡǏǗǦǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǝǨNJǛǒǖ ǧǜǒǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟnjǒǎǗNJǚǝǔNJǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕNJǜǘǝǛNJǎǦNjNJƲǕǦǒƺǏǙǒǗNJnƹǏǗNJǜǥ~
ǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǝǨǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǗǝǨnjnjǏǚǟƫǏǚǩǒǑǎǚǏnjǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘ njcƴǝǘǔǔNJǕǏ ǗǥǗǏƺǏǙǒǗǘ cǷǩǚǔǒǓǘNjǚNJǑǏǠnǛNJǖǘǛǜǚǘǩ~ƹǚǘǛǜǏǗǦǔǒǓǞǒǗǛǔǒǓ
ǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJǗǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǔNJǔǎǏǕNJǕǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦNJcǘNjǤǏǖǥǒcǍǚǝǙǙǒǚǝǩ ǎǘǖǛǜǒǟǒǓǗǘǘNjǚNJǛǜNJǏǜǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǒǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒǗNJǎǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǏǜ
ǒǟǛcNjǘǕǦǢǏǓǛnjǘNjǘǎǘǓǂǏǟǜǏǕǦǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǒcǘǛǜǚǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓ ǛǩnjǜǘǚǥǖǧǜNJǐǘǖǔǝǎNJǛǗǒǑǝǙǏǚǏǏǑǐNJǏǜǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩƹǘǜǘǖǘǗNJǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜ
ǒcǘǛǜǚǘǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǥǓcǷǙǚǒǧǜǘǖNjǏǑǜǘǓNJǞǞǏǔǜNJǠǒǒǒcnjǥǡǝǚǗǘǛǜǒǔǘ ǛǩǜǘnjcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǏǜǘǗNJNjNJǕǔǘǗǏǜǘǗNJnjǏǚNJǗǎǏǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǩǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩ
ǜǘǚNJǩNjǦǏǜnjcǍǕNJǑNJnjcǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJǟnjcƭǕNJǑǍǘ ǍǚǘǖǘǑǎǒǜǦnjǖǏǛǜǘǔǚǥǢǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǢNJǜǚǥǡǜǘNjǥǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǛnjǏǜƬǏǛǦǧǜǘǜ
ƸǎǗNJǔǘǡǏǚǜǒǑǜNJNjNJǔǏǚǔǒNjǥǕnjǥǙǝǣǏǗǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǥǓǟNJǘǛNjǥǕǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǘǛǛǘǑǎNJǗ ǙǚǒǡǏǖǗǏǙǘǘNjǖǏǚNJǖNJcǙǘǞǘ
ǜǝǚNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǟǕǏǜǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǘǛnjNJǒnjNJǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǧǜǝNJǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǨ ǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǩǖǒcnjǘǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǩǖ ǙǘǛǕǏǜǘǍǘǔNJǔnjccǍǘǎǝǎǘǖǛǍǘǚǏǕǎǘǜǕNJ
ǒcǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǦǗǘǒcǧǜǝǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǦƫNJǢǏǗǔǒǚnjǝǜǛǩnjcǗǏNjǘǒcǖǗǘǐNJǜ ƯǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǧǞǞǏǔǜǗNJǎNJǡNJǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǩƵǏǘǗǒǎNJƪǗǎǚǏǏnjNJ 
Ǜǩ ǒǟǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǒcǎnjǏǔNJǔnjcǎǘǖǏǂǘǚǒǗNJnjcƭǘǚǘǟǘnjǠǏ ǘǔǗNJǛǡǒǜNJ njcƬNJǖǖǏǕǦǛǝǝ ǗǥǗǏcǷƻǏǚǘnjǘ cǷǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǓǑNJǖǘǔǒǑNjǚǏnjǏǗǛcǖǏǜǚǘnjǘǓ
ǨǜǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǕǍǘǖǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘNjǥǜǦǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǗǘǜNJǔǡǜǘNjǥǎNJǐǏǒcǎnjǝǟǙǘǟǘ ǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǓNjNJǢǗǏǓǡǏǚǏǙǒǡǗǥǖǒǔǚǥǢNJǖǒǒcǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǖǒǜǚǝNjNJǖǒ cǙǏ
ǐǒǟǗǏNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǒNjǥnjNJǨǜǒcǔǚǝǍǕǥǖǒ ǎǘǖNJƵǝǐǒǗǥǟǒcƺǥNjǔǒǗǥǟ ǡǏǓǗNJǔǘǖǗNJǜ nƮǘǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǙǘǚǒǛǝǗǔNJǖǘǜǠNJNjǥǕǜǩǐǏǕnjǏǕǒǔǘ
47
njcƴǒǖǚNJǟ ǒcǙǘǕǝǠǒǚǔǝǕǦǗǥǖǒ ǎNJǡNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǏǗǔǘǗNJƴǕǩǑǦǖǏǎNJǡNJ ǕǏǙǏǗǒcǔǚNJǛǒnj~ cǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǛǥǗƪǗǎǚǏǏnjNJǑNJNjǥnjNJǩǙǘǡǏǖǝǜǘǡǜǘǛǜǚǘ
ƴǚǒǡǏnjǠǏnjNJnjcƫǒǓǛǔǏ ǗǘnjcǕǨNjǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏcǷǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǘǞǘǚǖǕǏǗǗǥǖǒǗNJǕǒǡ ǒǕǎǘǖǑǩǜǦǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǩcǷǖǘǕǘǎǘǓƪǗǎǚǏǓƸǕǦǙǚǘǢǏǎǢǒǓnjǥǝǡǔǝǝcǛNJǖǘǍǘ
ǗǒǔNJǖǒǛNJǖǒǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒǘNjǚǏǜNJǨǜnjǛǏNjǘǕǏǏǎǒǔǘnjǒǗǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥNJcǚǒǛǝǗǔǒ LJǕǒǏǕǩƻNJNJǚǒǗǏǗNJƹǘǜǘǖǝǎǘǖǗǏǛǩnjǗǥǓǘǜǙǏǡNJǜǘǔǛǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǛǔǘǍǘǖǘǎǏǚ
njcǗǒǟǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩnjǛǏǑNJǜǏǓǕǒnjǏǏ ǎǘǖƹǚǒǢǕǏǠǘnjNJnjcƭǘǚǘǟǘnjǠǏ Njǘǡ ǗNJǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǩnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcnjǒǕǕǝnƬǒǜǜǚǏǛǔ~  ƻNJNJǚǒǗǏǗNJǒcǏǍǘǔǘǕǕǏǍ
ǔǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǚNJǑǚNJǛǜNJǨǜǛǩnjcǙǘǕǎǘǖNJ ǜǘǜǐǏǎǘǖƹǚǒǢǕǏǠǘnjNJ Ǚǘ N  ;
:   ǖǘǣǗǥǏǒcnjǥǛǘǔǒǏǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǏǔǚǥǢǒǑNJǢǒǜǥǓǍǘǗǜǘǖǞNJǛNJǎNjǏǕǥǏǙǏǚǏ
ǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǕǘǎǐǒǒ ǎǘǖǂNJǎǚǒǗǥǟnjcƫNJǚǗNJǝǕǏ ǔǚǥǢǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩnjcǛNJ <#  E - @G>M ǙǕǏǜǥǗNJǜǏǖǗǘǖǞǘǗǏǜǚNJǙǏǠǒǏnjǒǎǗǥǏǚNJǑǚǏǑǥǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓƹǚNJnjǎNJǎǚǝ
ǖǘǛǜǘǩǜǏǕǦǗǝǨǙǕNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǜǏǖǝ ǎǘǖƵǏǛǗǏnjǛǔǘǍǘnjcƫNJǚǗNJǝǕǏ  ǍǘǓǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǦƫǘǚǒǛƱNJǓǠǏnjnjǛǨǧǜǝǖǘǗǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǘǠǏǗǒnjNJǕǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ
ƶǥǗNJǑnjNJǕǒǕǒǢǦǛNJǖǥǏǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǒcǛNJǖǥǏǒǑnjǏǛǜ ǒǗNJǡǏǏǖǝǎNJǡNJnǗNJǙǘǖǗǒǕNJǞNJNjǚǒǔǝǜǚǝNjǥǔǚǥǢǒǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǏǗǏǛǝǚNJǑǗNJǩ
48
ǗǥǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǘǛǕǘnjNJǖƯnjǍǏǗǒǒƴǒǚǒǡǏǗǔǘ ǍǚǘǖǘǑǎǔǘǛǜǦ~ ƷǘƪǗǎǚǏǏnjǔNJǔǡǏǕǘnjǏǔƻǏǚǏNjǚǩǗǘǍǘnjǏǔNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǗǏǎǘǖ
46
ǒcnnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜnjcǞǘǚǖǏǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩ~ ƷǘǙǘǜǘǖǘǗǛcǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦǨnjNjǒǚNJǏǜ ǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǡǏǗǦǏǖǝǒǎǏǜcǷǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝnjǘnjǛǏǖǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗǘǖǝǡǚǏǑ
ǡǏǚǜǥǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǘǍǘNJǚǗǝnjǘǛcǏǍǘnjǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǚǝǛ ǖǏǚǗǘǖǝǙNJǞǘǛǗǘǖǝƻǏǍǘǎǗǩǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǗNJǑnjNJǕǒNjǥnǛNJ
 U -
ǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩǒǗǘǍǎNJnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǘcǗǏǘǍǘǜǒǔǏNJcǑNJǜǏǖǎnjǒǐǏǜǛǩǔcǗǏǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǏ N %
  ) 

ǖǘǎǝǚǘǖ~ǗǘǔNJǔnjǘǑǚNJǑǒǜǦǒǖǏǗǒǜǘǖǝǜǏǛǜǨ#nƴǒǚǙǒǡǒǜǩǐǏǕǘǍǘǔNJǖǒǗNJ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǛǗǘnjNJnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩǖNJǛǜǏǚǘǖǚǏǑǗǥǟ  <X - @G>= ǜNJǔǗNJǎNJnjǒǕǒǗNJǜǥǛǩǡǏǙǝǎǘnjǥǏNjNJǕǔǒǡǜǘǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǘNjnjNJǕǒǕǛǩǒcnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓ
ǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǓNjǥǕƵǏnjƴǏǔǝǢǏnjNJcǕǝǡǢǒǖǒǏǍǘǛǘ ) J:- N ǗǏǕǦǑǩNjǥǕǘǘNjǏǎNJǜǦcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƴǘǚǗǏǓ
*  <'  -
ǑǎNJǗǒǩǖǒcǷǎNJǡNJƷǏǔǚNJǛǘnjNJnjcƺNJǓǔNJǟ  ǎNJǡNJ 1905
ǁǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓcǷƭǒǍNJǗǜǛǔNJǩnjǘǎǘǙǚǘnjǘǎǗNJǩǖNJ
ƯǚǖNJǔǘnjNJnjcƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjǔǏǎNJǡNJƵǥǐǒǗNJnjcƲnjNJǗǜǏ ǢǒǗNJǎǘǛǜNJnjǕǩnjǢNJǩnjǘǎǝǒǑǁǏǚǗǘǓǚǏǡǔǒǒǛ
ǏnjǔǏ ǘNjǏcǷ ƽcƴǏǔǝǢǏnjNJǧǜNJǗǘnjNJǩǎǏǔǘǚNJ ǙǘǚǜǒǕNJǛǦǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjcǙǏǚnjǥǓǐǏǖǏǛǩǠǒcǜǘǚ
49
ǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦcǷǝǐǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩǜǏǔǝǡNJǩcǷǧǞǞǏǔ ǡNJǕNJǔNJǔǑNJǚǐNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǓǛǔǏǕǏǜ~ ƾǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜ
ǜǗǘǛǘǡǏǜNJǏǜǛǩǛcNjǘǕǏǏǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǥǖǒǘNjǤǏǖǗǥǖǒ ǙǚǘǛǏǕǙǘǎǜǩǐǏǛǜǦǨǎǘǖNJNjǚǏnjǗNJǗNJǝǍǕNJǟ
ǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǖǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǜNjǘ ǙǚǘǍǗǒǕǒǛǒǕǦǗǘǙǚǘǍǗǝǕNJǛǦǖNJǜǒǠNJNjNJǢǗǩ
ǕǏǏǚNJǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǖLJǜǘǝǐǏǗǏǜǚNJǎǒ 46 J

 <*-- X
 
- ǙǘǔǘǛǒǕNJǛǦnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǜǏǔǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǔNJǚǜǒǗNJ
ǠǒǘǗǗǥǓnǎǘǖǛcǖǏǑǘǗǒǗǘǖ~NJcǛǔǘǚǏǏnǜǏǚǏǖǘǔ~ ;

B$
 
  
 B 
- R  
<-
ƺǏǚǒǟNJǙǘǔǚǥǕNJǛǦǙǕǏǛǏǗǦǨnƷNJǡǒǗNJǩǛcǡǏǜǥ
ǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǨǣǒǓǛǩǔNJǔǙǘǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǒǜNJǔǒcǙǘnjǏǚ 
  - V


- ǚǗNJǎǠNJǜǘǍǘǍǘǎNJǗǏNjǥǕǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǘǗǒǘǎ

< 

ǜǒǔNJǕǒƬcǡǏǖǏǛǜǦǒcǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǕǘǍǒǔNJǏǛǕǒǝǛNJǎǏNjǗǥǓǎǘǖǖǘǍǛǔǘǕǦ < 
 Z[OOO<K - ǗǘǍǘǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǘǍǘǚǏǖǘǗǜNJǒcnjǛǩǘǍǚǘǖǗNJǩǖǏǎ
ǝǍǘǎǗǘǎǘǕǍǘǜǩǗǝǜǦǛǩǙǘǛnjǘǏǓǑǏǖǕǏǜǘǎNJǡNJǎǘǕǐǗNJnjǙǒǛNJǜǦǛǩnjcǗǏNjǘǕǦ 47  ZZ<- '-F #  @GGQ-
<"-)- N - '- @GHH-
ǕǏǗǗǘǘǛǏǎNJnjǢNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJNjǥǕNJ
50
ǢǝǨǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǙǘǎǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǙǘǑNJǔǘǗǝǘǜnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǗǏNjǘǕǏǏǝǡNJǛǜǔNJ 48 w<!-J- #  - ; - ǘNjǚǏǡǏǗNJǗNJǍǒNjǏǕǦ~ cǷǗNJǙǒǛNJǕǛǥǗǘcǎǘǖǏ


<B-   % 

-
ƯǛǕǒ ǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǥǏ ǎNJǡǒ ǜǩǍǘǜǏǨǜ ǔc ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘ '- @G=G- ǗǘǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘǘcnjǛǏǓƺǘǛǛǒǒƬccǍǘǎǝƪǗǎǚǏ
ǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǕǒǗǒǒǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǜǘǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔǒǏcǷǔcǛǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǛǔǘǓƷNJƴNJ 49 _ 
<J--  

-
; B
<vB- '- @GHQ-
ǏnjǝǖǏǚNJcǏǍǘnǔǘǕǘǛǛǗNJǍǕǒǗǩǗǥǟǙǏǡNJǟ~ǗǏ
ǖǏǗǗǘǖǘǛǜǚǘnjǏƺǘǖNJǗƶǏǕǦǠǏǚǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǎNJǡǝ  ǛǕǘǐǗNJǩ 50 <"-)- ^-  - ǙǚǘǛǜǘǩnjǒcǕǏǜNjǥǕǚNJǛǜNJǣǏǗǗNJNjǚǏnjǗNJ

32 
& $" ' R
  J
- ; 
 :   

B    
% B- @G@GY@G?@
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ƬǔǗǒǍǏƻǏǕǒǖNJƿNJǗƶNJǍǘǖǏǎǘnjNJnƻǜǘǢǏǎǏnjǚǘnjǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘ
ǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJ~ǗǏǜǗǒǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǐǒǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJLJǜǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘNJnjNJǗ
ǍNJǚǎǖǥǛǕǒǜǛǏNjǩnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǟ nnjcǗǏNjǏǛNJǢNJǚNJǟNJǏǖǐǏǕǏǑǘ
NjǏǜǘǗ~ NJcǒǎǏNJǕǘǖǐǒǕǒǣNJǒǖǏǏǜǎǘǖǔǘǖǖǝǗǝƷǘǜǘǡǜǘǏǍǘǎǥǗǏ
ǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǙǘǛǏNjǏǗǒǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǢǏǎǏnjǚNJǗǏǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǡǜǘǜNJǔǒǟ
ǙǘǒǛǔǘnjǗǏNjǥǕǘƹǚǘǛǜǘǑNJǞǒǔǛǒǚǘnjNJǗǘǒcǒǑǝǡǏǗǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǖǗǘǍǘNJcǛǘǟǚNJ
ǗǒǕǘǛǦǒcǜǘǍǘǖǏǗǦǢǏ
ƮNJǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǙǏǚǏǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜnjǛǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǡNJǛǜǗǝǨǛǘNj
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjǘǘNjǣǏǒǎǏǨǛnjǘǏǍǘǎǘǖNJƷǘǘǜǖǏǗǒǜǦǎǏ
ǚǏnjǘǘǗNJǗǏnjcǛǒǕNJǟƫǘǕǏǏǜǘǍǘnjcǙǏǚnjǥǏǎǏǛǩǜǦǕǏǜǧǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ
ǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜǑǘǎǡǒǏǛcǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǙǥǜNJǨǜǛǩǒǛ
ǙǚNJnjǒǜǦǛǜNJǚǥǓNjǥǜǠǒnjǒǕǒǑǘnjNJǜǦǒǑNjǝnƬcǐǒǕǥǟǎǘǖNJǟǗǏǎǘǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩ
51
ǚNJǑǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǎǏǜǏǓnjcǍǚǩǑǗǘǖǛǥǚǘǖǝǍǕǝǛcǙǘǚǘǛǩǜNJǖǒ~ cǷǍǕNJǛǒǜǘǎǗǘ
ǒǑcǝǛǕǘnjǒǓǔǘǗǔǝǚǛNJǗNJǗǘnjǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǶcǍǘǎNJǟǙǚǘnjǘ
ǎǒǜƷNJǚǘǎǗǥǓǔǘǖǒǛǛNJǚǒNJǜǑǏǖǕǏǎǏǕǒǩƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƴǘǕǕǒǎNJǏǜǗNJǔǘǗǔǝǚǛ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜnǝǕǝǡǢǏǗǗǘǓǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥ~ǕǘǖNJǩǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨ ǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡ
ǗǝǨ ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǝǎǘǖNJnNjǚǝǛǘǖ~ ǡǜǘNjǥǟǘǜǩNjǥǎǏǔǕNJǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǚNJǑnjǏǛǜǒ
ǕǨǎǏǓǒcǐǒnjǘǜǗǥǟ NJcǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǥǎǏǕǩǏǜnjcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǡǜǘNjǥǗǏ
ǛǙNJǜǦnjǛǏǖnjǖǏǛǜǏ ƬcǎǚǝǍǘǖǙǚǘǏǔǜǏnjǥǗǘǛǒǜǛNJǗǝǑǕǥǒǑǎǘǖNJ NJcǛǘǚǜǒǚǥ
njcǛǏǗǩǟǎǘǛǒǟǙǘǚǢǘǔǒǚǝǨǜǍǘǚǘǐNJǗnjcǛǜNJǚǥǟǎǘǖNJǟǗNJƺǝǛǛǔǘǖƻǏnjǏ
ǚǏ ǙǚǒǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǏǜǒǟǛNjǘǔǝǒcǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǔǚǝǐNJǏǜǜǏǚǚNJǛǔNJǖǒƷǏǔǘǜǘ
ǚǘǏǙǘǎǘNjǒǏǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǛǘnjǖǏǣǏǗǗǘǓǛǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǓ ǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǏǜƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ
ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǘnjNJcƵǏnjƼnjǏǚǛǔǘǓǙǏǚǏǖǏǣNJǏǜnjǛǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐƸǗ
ǐǏǔǘǖǙǘǗǝǏǜǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǒǓǎnjǘǚǗNJǖNJǗǏǚǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǝnjǘǎǩnjǛǨǟǘǑǡNJǛǜǦnjǘ
ǞǕǒǍǏǕǒNJcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƭǏǍǏǕǕǘǘǔǚǝǐNJǏǜǎnjǘǚǔǚǥǜǘǓǍNJǕǏǚǏǓƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗ
ǗǘnjǘnjǛǏǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǡǒǛǕǘǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚǥǘǔǘǗǜǘǏǛǜǦǍǕNJnjǗNJǩ
ǖǥǛǕǦnjǏǑǎǏǍǒǍǒǏǗǒǡǏǛǔNJǩ
ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǒcǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǜǘǚǥǔǘǗǔǝǚǛNJǘǛǜǚǘ
ǘǣǝǣNJǨǜǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦǝǔǚǝǙǗǏǗǒǩǒcǜǒǙǒǑNJǠǒǒǐǒǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ NJcǔNJǔ
ǏǣǏǚǏǢǒǜǦǐǒǕǒǣǗǝǨǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝ# ǒcǙǘǛǩǍNJǨǜǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǗNJǝǔǕNJǎǎǏ
ǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǗǘǒcǗNJǛnjǩǜǥǏǏǏǝǛǜǘǒǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǜǎǘǖNJǙǘǎnjNJǜǘ
ǏǛǜǦǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜǏǎǒǗǘǕǒǡǗǒǔǘnjǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǜǦǛǩLJǜǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǏnjǛǜǚǏǡNJ
ǏǜǛǩnjǘǖǗǘǍǒǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟǗǘǏǛǕǒ ǝcƼnjǏǚǛǔǘǍǘǒcƭǏǘǚǍǒǩƬǘǕǦǞǏǗǑǘǗNJ
ǧǜǘǎnjǏǛNjǕǘǔǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǏǒǑNjǥǜǘǝcNjǚNJǜǦǏnjƬǏǛǗǒǗǥǟǒcƴǘǕǕǒǧǜǘǝǐǏ 51 J B <"-R- E

   - '-F  

ǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǘǖǗNJǎnjǏǛǏǖǦǒǙǘǎǘǎǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓLJǜǘǛNJǖǥǓǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǥǓǢNJǍ @GQM-

34 
ǔcǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǐǒǕǒǣNJǗǘǘǗǐǏǒcǛNJǖǥǓǘǙNJǛǗǥǓƬcǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǜǘ
nǛNJǖNJǩǛǕǘǐǗNJǩǒcǜǚǝǎǗNJǩǑNJǎNJǡNJǙǘǛǕǏǑNJnjǘǏnjNJǗǒǩnjǕNJǛǜǒ~ǘǜǎNJǏǜǛǏNjǏ
ǘǜǡǏǜǒcƵǏǗǒǗnƷǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǙǚǏǘǎǘǕǏǜǦnjǏǔǘnjǝǨǛǒǕǝǙǚǒnjǥǡǔǒǖǏǕ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǔǘǍǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔNJǒǑǖǏǗǒǜǦǏǍǘǙǛǒǟǘǕǘǍǒǨǝNjǏǎǒǜǦǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJ
52
njcǙǚǏǒǖǝǣǏǛǜnjNJǟǗǘnjǘǓǐǒǑǗǒ~ 
ƲnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏNJǍǒǜNJǠǒǒnjc
ǍǘǎǝnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏǗNJǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǗǥǗǏǢ
ǗǏǍǘƹNJǚǔNJƭǘǚǦǔǘǍǘǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩ
ƬǛǏǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔNJǩǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗ
ǗNJǩǒcǔǝǛǜNJǚǗǘǙǚǘǖǥǢǕǏǗǗNJǩnjǥǛǜNJnj
ǔNJ ǎNJǕǏǏcǷƬƻƿƬ ƭǕNJnjǗǥǓǏǏǘǜǎǏǕcǷ
nƻǜNJǚNJǩǒcǗǘnjNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǩ~ǒǟǙǕNJǔNJǜǗǘǏ
ǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǘǎǘǕǐǗǘǙǚǘǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ
njǛǏnǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǔǒǒcǝNjǘǐǏǛǜnjǘ~ǙǏǚnjǘǓ ^ :B   ]$
ǔNJǔǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǝǏǜƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƸǕǜNJǚǐǏnj  
   (N+
"."- @G?I
ǛǔǒǓ ǒcǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǥǏǙǚǏǒǖǝǣǏǛǜnjNJnjǜǘ
ǚǘǓ ǚǝǔǘnjǘǎǩǜǙǚǘǏǔǜǘǖǝǡǏǗǥǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǁNJǩǗǘnjǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ
ƺǝǟǕǩǎǏnj ƮǕǩǙǏǚnjǘǓnjcƶǘǛǔnjǝǛnjǏǑǏǗǎǏǛǩǜǘǔǛǜNJǚǥǟǒǑNjǒǑǚNJǑǗǥǟǚǏ
ǍǒǘǗǘnj ǒǑƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǘǓƬǘǚǘǗǏǐǛǔǘǓƹǏǗǑǏǗǛǔǘǓǒcǎǚǝǍǒǟǍǝNjǏǚǗǒǓ 
NJcǚǩǎǘǖǛcǗǒǖǒǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǒǑNjǥǗǘnjǥǏNJcǜNJǔǐǏǑǎNJǗǒǩnjǘǕǒǛǙǘǕǔǘǖNJǔǕǝ
NjNJǩǛǕǏǓƷǘǏǛǕǒǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǓǖǘǐǗǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦ
ǘcǗǏǔǒǟǗǘnjǥǟǙǘǎǟǘǎNJǟ ǟǘǜǩǒcǜǝǜǖǥǡNJǣǏnjǒǎǒǖnǘNjǕǏǍǡǏǗǗǝǨǔǕNJǛǛǒ
ǔǝ~ǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnjcǑǎNJǗǒǒǔǕǝNjNJǜǘǍǘǐǏƴǘǕǕǒ ǜǘnǗǘnjǥǏ~ǒǑNjǥǗǒǡǏǖ
ǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǘǜnǛǜNJǚǥǟ~ǗǏǘǜǕǒǡNJǨǜǛǩcǷǘǗǒǙǚǘǛǜǘnǝǕǝǡǢǏǗǗǥǏ~
ǔNJǔǡǏǛǜǗǘǒcǗNJǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƴǚǒǗǛǔǒǓǙǚNJnjǎNJǙǥǜNJǏǜǛǩǚNJǛǔǚNJ
ǛǒǜǦǒǟǞNJǛNJǎǥnjcǛǝǙǚǏǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǎǝǟǏǗǘǜNJǔǘǓǙǘǎǟǘǎǚǝǔǘnjǘǎǛǜnjǘǖ
njǥǛǜNJnjǔǒǑNJNjǚNJǔǘnjNJǗǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǗǏǙǘǓǖǏǜ R
B  - S


   : 
ƷǘǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏnjcǧǜǘǖNJcnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǙǥ B   (N+
ǜNJǨǜǛǩǝǕǝǡǢǒǜǦǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǓǎǘǖNJcǘǗǗNJǍǕNJǑNJǟǜǏǚǩǏǜNJǔǜǝNJǕǦ "."- @G?I

R
  J
- ;  ǗǘǛǜǦǔNJǔǜǒǙǐǒǕǒǣNJƹǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǒnjcǔǘǕǟǘǑǥǒcǘǜǚǥnjNJǩǔǚǏǛǜǦǩ
$
     
E
E % $BE
ǗǒǗNJǘǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǕǒǢNJǏǜǏǍǘ

- @G?A njǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǑNJǗǒǖNJǜǦǛǩǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǖǘǖƺǝǢǒǜǛǩnjǛǩǕǘǍǒǔNJǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǐǒǑ
ǗǒNjNJǚǛǔǒǏǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǔǝǕNJǔǘnjǚNJǛǔǝǕNJǡǒnjNJǨǜnjcǘǜǘ
NjǚNJǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǑNJǛǏǕǩǨǜNjǏǎǗǘǜǝNJcǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǗǘnjǥǓǎǘǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǏǔǘǖǝ
;B $
   nnjǛǏǖ ǖǒǚǘǖ~ ǔNJǔ ǚNJǗǦǢǏ ǗǏǕǦǑǩ
<  %   %

a  #XS- @G@G
ǗǏǜNjǘǕǦǢǏǜǘǍǘnǖǒǚNJ~ NJcǛǚǝNjǒǜǦ
ǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǒǔǝ ǗǘnjǥǓ ǎǘǖ njc ǘǎǒǗǘǡǔǝ
ǜǘǐǏ ǝǐǏ ǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ ǗǏǜ Ǘǒ ǛǒǕ
Ǘǒ ǛǚǏǎǛǜnj ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǗǘnjNJǩ njǕNJǛǜǦ
ǒǣǏǜ Ǘǘnjǥǟ ǙǝǜǏǓ ǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǒǑNJ
ǠǒǒǐǒǕǒǣNJǒǖǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǗǘnjǥǏ
ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥ ǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǓ ǎǘǖ njǖǏǛǜǘ
ǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǍǘ ǒcǗǘnjǥǏǜǒǙǥǙǘǛǏǕǏǗǒǓcǷ
52 J B <"-R- ^-  - ǚNJNjǘǡǒǏǙǘǛǏǕǔǒ

36 

   ƹǚNJnjǎNJǝǐǏǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǘǔǕǨǗǝǕNJǛǦǍǚǩǎǝǣNJǩNjǏǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǖǏǛǜǗNJǩǍNJǑǏǜNJǗNJǙǒǛNJǕNJǡǜǘnǛǚǏǎǒǧǜǒǟǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǟǝǕǒǠǘǡǏǗǦǕǏǍǔǘǑNJ
()*  +, NjǕǝǎǒǜǦǛǩnjǖǏǛǜǘǗǝǐǗǘǍǘǔǘǜǜǏǎǐNJǑNJǕǏǑǜǦnjcǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǓǔǘǜǜǏǎǐ~
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǎǕǩƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒǧǜǘNjǥǕǙǚǘǚǥnjǠǏǕǥǓǗǘnjǥǓǍǘǚǘǎ
ǗNJnjǘǛǏǖǦǜǥǛǩǡǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǐǝǚǗNJǕǒǛǜƵNJǚǒǛNJƺǏǓǛǗǏǚnjcǙǚǒǛǜǝǙǏ
ǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǑǖNJǗNJǑnjNJǕNJnǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǖ~ƷNJǛNJǖǘǖǐǏǎǏǕǏǘǗNjǥǕǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ǗǥǖNjǘǕǏǏǜǘǍǘǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǙǏǚnjǘǏnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǔcǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǝƴNJǚǔNJǛ
ǛcǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǖǎǏǢǏnjǥǖǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏǖ ǧǜǘNjǥǕǜǏǚǖǘǕǒǜcǷ
ǜǘǚǞǩǗǥǏǙǕǒǜǥ njǥǩnjǕǏǗǗǥǓǗNJǞNJǛNJǎǏǗǏǛǝǣǒǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǗǏǑNJǔǚǥ
ƹǚǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǥǏǙǘǖǏǣǒǔǒnjǚǘǎǏǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǩƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƷǘnjǒǔǘnjNJǏǣǏnjcǔǘǗ njNJǕǒǛǦNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǔǚNJǛǒǕǒǛǦǜǏǖǗǘǔǘǚǒǡǗǏnjǥǖǠnjǏǜǘǖ
ǠǏ<:---cnjǏǔNJǛǜǚǘǩǜnjcǛnjǘǒǟǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟǠǏǕǥǏǝǕǒǠǥǛcǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǖǒǎǘǖNJ ǛǜǏǗǥǐǏǘNjǢǒǜǥǏǛcǘNjǏǒǟǛǜǘǚǘǗǎǘǛǔNJǖǒnjcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǛcǗǒǖNjǏǕǒǕǒǛǦ
ǖǒǎǕǩǛnjǘǒǟǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗƬcǔǘǗǠǏ<-<cnjǏǔNJǧǜǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǝǐǏǗNJǛǝǣǗǘǓ ƷǏcǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǚNJǓǘǗǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǒnƲnjNJǗǘnjǛǔǘǓǂnjǏǓǠNJǚǒǏǓ~ ǒǕǒnƭǘǕǕNJǗǎǒ
ǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦǨ ǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǏ ǚNJNjǘǡǒǏ ǙǘǛǏǕǔǒ Ǜc ǚNJǑnjǒǜǘǓ ǒǗǞǚNJ ǏǓ~ ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕNJƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNJǂǘǚNjNJǗǜǝǜǔNJǔǒcnjcǒǑNjNJǟƬƻƿƬ
ǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǘǓǒcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǖǐǒǕǦǏǖ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǜǙǚǒǞNJNjǚǒǔNJǟ NjǥǕNJǒǎǏǩǚNJǛǔǚNJǛǒǜǦǔNJǐǎǥǓǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǛǜǏǗǥǛnjǘǒǖǠnjǏǜǘǖcǷǙǚǏǎnjǘǛ
53
ƺǩNjǝǢǒǗǛǔǒǟƹǚǘǟǘǚǘnjǥǟǒcƯǚǖNJǔǘnjǥǟ ǟǒǣNJǩǝǐǏƶǘǗǎǚǒNJǗNJ 
njcƬǥǢǗǏǖƬǘǕǘǡǔǏ ǏǍǘǎǥ ǙǚǒǖNJ ƷǘǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǙǘǛǏ
ǗǝǞNJǔǜǝǚǏƴǘǗǘnjNJǕǘnjǥǟnjcƴǘǛǜǚǘǖǛǔǘǓ ǕǘǔƫǏǕǥǓƫǥǡǘǔnjcǁNJǍǘǎǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓƷǘǓƼǚǘǠ
ǘNjǕNJǛǜǒ ƻNJǢǒǗǘ ƹNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘǒǖ ǔǒǓǛǜǚǘǒǜnjcǶcǍǘǎNJǟcǷǎǕǩǚNJNjǘǡǒǟ
ǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǑNJnjǏǑǏǗǗNJǩǒǑƯnjǚǘǙǥǜǒǙǘ ǛǜǏǔǘǕǦǗǘǍǘǑNJnjǘǎNJƼǝǜǗǏǔNJǚǔNJǛNJcNjǚǏnjǗNJ
ǕǘǍǒǩǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǛNJǎNJǛNJǖǥǖǔǚǝǙǗǥǖNjǥǕ njǛǏǐǜNJǔǒƬǘǕǘǍǘǎǡǒǗNJ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǜǥǔǝ
ǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǝcǛǜNJǗǠǒǒƹǚǘǑǘǚǘnjǛǔNJǩ ǗǥǗǏ ǨǜǛǩǘǗǒǗǏnjcǘNjǕǘǒǕǒnjcǕNJǙǝNJcǛǜǥǔnjcǛǜǥǔ
ǡNJǛǜǦǍǘǚǘǎNJưǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǙǚǘǏǔǜƬǕNJǎǒ ǡǏǖǛǘǑǎNJǨǜnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ NjǏ
ǖǒǚNJƻǏǖǫǗǘnjNJ njcǏǍǘǎǥǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩ ǜǘǗǗǘǍǘ ǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩNJcǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǏǘǔǗNJǜNJǔǛǜǩ
ǜNJǔǐǏǙǘǛǏǕǔǒǛNJǎǥƷǘnjǘǍǒǚǏǏnjǘƵǒNJ ǗǝǜǥnjcǙNJǚǥǡǜǘǜǘǐǏǗNJǖǏǔNJǨǜǗNJǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏ
ǗǘǑǘnjǘǀNJǚǒǠǥǗǘǒcǜ ǎ ;B  
 %   T   R  V 
 ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏƪcǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǩǜǘǜǐǏǜǚǨǔǛcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǗNJǔǕNJǎǔNJǖǒƼǚǘǠǔǒǓ
X <w
- ! B
ƷǘnjNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦcǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ <  - @G?AY@G?= =P
 $

  <;    B - x
 %  
ǎNJǐǏǒcǝǍǕNJǖǎǘǖǘnjǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǗNJǖǏǔǗNJǕǨNjǒǖǘǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖǘǖǝǍǕǘnjǘǏ
ǟnjNJǜNJǏǜǛǩǑNJǙǏǚnjǝǨǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǨnjǗǝǜǚǒ %   <  -     ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏ NJcǙǘǎǤǏǑǎǥǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǥǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝ ƹǘǎNJnjNJǩ
@G?AY@G?= <%   _ - @G?Q
ǗǏǏǚǏǑǔǘǝǖǏǗǦǢNJǩǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǘǎǗǘǛǏ ǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǙǚǘǡǜǏǗǒǒƼǚǘǠǔǒǓǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǏǎ
ǖǏǓǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjƮǕǩǙǘǛǏǕǔNJƴǒǑǏǕǛǜǚǘǓ  ƹNJǗǜǏǕǏǓǖǘǗƭǘǕǘǛǘnjǚNJǑ njǘǛǟǒǣNJǏǜǜǘǜǜǒǙnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǜNJǗǏǜ
ǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǏǜǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǏǒǑNjǥǗNJǡǏǜǥǚǏǛǏǖǦǒǔNJǐǎNJǩǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛcǜǏǚ R  V 

ǙǘnjǛǏǖǏǛǜǗǥǖnjcǏǍǘǎǥnjcǍǘǚǘǎNJǟnǗǘnjǘǍǘǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJ~ ƲǍNJǚǔNJ
ǚNJǛNJǖǒǒcǎNJǐǏnjNJǗǗǥǖǒƫǚNJǜǦǩƬǏǛǗǒǗǥǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǨǜǚNJNjǘǡǒǏǙǘǛǏǕǔǒ X <w
- ! B ƽǟǜNJƶǘǗǡǏǍǘǚǛǔƴNJǗǎNJǕNJǔǢNJ ǗǘǒcǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜnjcNjǚǏnjǗǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓ
B - x
 %  
Ǚǚǒ ǂNJǜǝǚǛǔǒǟ ǜǘǚǞǘǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜǔNJǟ Ǚǚǒ ǖǏǎǏǘNjǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǨǣǏǖ ǑNJnjǘǎǏ    
ǙǘǜǏǗǠǒNJǕ ǒcǝǐǏǧǜǝǜǏǖǝǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǒǜǛǙǝǛǜǩǙǘǡǜǒǛǜǘǕǏǜƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘ
njcƴǘǕǦǡǝǍǒǗǏǙǚǒƬǩǜǛǔǒǟǞǘǛǞǘǚǒǜǗǥǟǚǝǎǗǒǔNJǟƻNJǖǘǓǐǏǖNJǛǢǜNJNj <%   _ - @G?Q ǝǛǘnj ƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǡǜǘnjcǁNJǍǘǎǏǏǛǜǦǒcNjǘǕǏǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏǙǘǘNjǣǏǖǝǛǜǚǘǨ
ǗǘǓǛǜǚǘǓǔǘǓǛǜNJǕƹǏǚnjǥǓǚNJNjǘǡǒǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔnjcƲnjNJǗǘnjǘƬǘǑǗǏǛǏǗǛǔǏǍǎǏ
ǑNJǡǏǜǥǚǏǍǘǎNJNjǥǕǘnjǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǘǎǘǖNJƱNJǛǜǚǘǓǣǒǔǘǖnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǏǜNJǔǠǒ
ǘǗǏǚǗǘǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǘnƻǜNJǗǎNJǚǜ~ǡǦǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǗǘǏNjǨǚǘnjccǍǘǎǝnjǘǑǍǕNJ
njǒǕƵǏǘǗǒǎƬǏǛǗǒǗǗǘǔǚǘǖǏǗǏǍǘǒcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƪǗǎǚǏǏnjǛǔǘǍǘǍǕNJnjǥ
ǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJǗNJǎǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǖǒǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜƹNJǗǜǏǕǏǓǖǘǗƭǘǕǘǛǘnjƬǒǔǜǘǚƴǘǔǘ
ǚǒǗƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƴǘǕǕǒƸǕǏǍƬǝǜǔǏ ƪnjǜǘǚǘǖǐǏ ǍǏǗǙǕNJǗNJ NjǥǕƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ
ƻǏǖǫǗǘnjǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǛǜǒǎǏǒǍǘǚǘǎNJǛNJǎNJǏǣǏǛcǎǘǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǘǍǘ
njǚǏǖǏǗǒǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǍǏǗǙǕNJǗNjǥǕǙǘǎǏǕǏǗǗNJǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǏǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǒ
ǑNJǙǘǕǗǩǏǖǥǏǑǏǕǏǗǦǨNJcǎǘǖNJǚNJǛǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥnjǎǘǕǦǙǚǘǏǑǎǘnjƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩ 53 a <*-- U   

ǐǏǡǜǘnjǛǏǘǗǒNjǥǕǒǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǖǒ ǗNJǒcǔnjNJǚǜǒǚ ǙǘǕǝǡǒǕNJǛǦ <  P F   $



/
<

  v% E CC (; 
ǛǘǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǗNJǩǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǒcǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǡǗNJǩǛǚǏǎNJ X 
+ ?>>A \<II- - @@A-

38 
ǎǘǖNJǗNJƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǝǕǒǠǏǗǘǒcǒǖƼǚǘǠ -! . 
ǔǒǓǙǚǒǎNJǏǜnjǒǎǎNJǐǏǗǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓ
NJcǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǘǎǒǗǝǍǘǕǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJ
 "
ǎǘnjǘǎǒǜǎǘǔNJǚǗǒǑNJǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǎǚǝǍǘǓ
ǘNjǚǥnjNJǏǜǔNJǚǗǒǑǘǖnjǜǘǚǘǍǘNJcǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦ
ǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJǑNJǢǒnjNJǏǜǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǒǎǝǣǒǖǒǙǘ
ǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒǎNJǏǣǏnjcǚNJǑǗǥǟǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǟ
ƽnjǥnjǛǩǧǜNJǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗNJǩǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟǒǚǏ
R
  ' 
 - Ǐǜǒcǝǟǘǎǒǜ NJcǎNJǐǏnjcƲnjNJǗǘnjǘnjǘǎǘǙǚǘnjǘǎǛcǔNJǗNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǏǓ
x
   <%  
  - @G?>P B
ǎǘǜǩǗǝǕǒǗǏǎǘnjǛǏǟǎǘǖǘnjƺNJNjǘǡǏǍǘǙǘǛǏǕǔNJ ǒǑǙǘǛǕǏǎ ƬcǍǘǎǝǗNJǧǔǚNJǗǥǛǜǚNJǗǥnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǞǒǕǦǖƻǏǚǍǏǩLJǓǑǏǗǢǜǏǓ
ǗǒǟǛǒǕǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǩǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔƻǘǔǘǕ ǗNJǒcƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǩƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǘnjNJnƭǏǗǏǚNJǕǦǗNJǩǕǒǗǒǩ~ nƻǜNJǚǘǏǒcǗǘ
ƸǗǙǚNJnjǎNJǛcǛNJǖǘǍǘǗNJǡNJǕNJǒcǑNJǎǝǖǥnjNJǕǛǩǗǏǔNJǔǚNJNjǘǡǒǓ njǘǏ~ ƸǗǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǘǎǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǥǓǚNJǑǎǏǕƬƻƿƬǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǖǥ
ǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǙǚǒǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏNJcǔNJǔǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǧǕǒǜǗǥǓǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǛǏǎǘǖNJ njǒǎǒǖǙǘǕǗǥǓNJǎǛǜNJǚǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǒNJcǙǘǜǘǖǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǒǖǛǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǨ
ǑǎǏǛǦǗNJǘǎǗǝǛǏǖǦǨǁǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǥǑnjNJǕǘNjǝǚǗǝǨǙǘǕǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǎǒǛǔǝǛ ǗǘnjǝǨǍǎǏǛǜǘǩǜ ǜǘǡǗǏǏǙNJǚǩǜ NJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǔǘǚNjǨǑǒNJǗǛǔǒǏNjǏǕǘǛ
ǛǒǨnƶǥnjǛǏǖNJǙǘǛǜǘǕNJǖǍǘǚǘǎǘnjǛNJǎǘnjǜǒǙNJǔǘǜǜǏǎǐǏǓǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǘǑNJ ǗǏǐǗǥǏǑǎNJǗǒǩǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǥǖNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǛcǜǘǗǔǒǖǒǐǏ
ǩnjǕǩǏǖǡǜǘnjǕǘǐǒǜǦǖǏǕǔǘNjǝǚǐǝNJǑǗǝǨǛǝǣǗǘǛǜǦnjcǐǒǕǒǣǗǝǨǙǘǕǒǜǒǔǝ ǕǏǑǗǥǖǒǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩǖǒǟǘǎǩǜǕǨǎǒnjcNjǏǕǥǟǟNJǕNJǜNJǟǙǘnjǜǘǚǘǖǝ
54
ǖǥǗǏǎNJǎǒǖ~ cǷǙǒǢǏǜnjccǍǘǎǝƷcƫǘǍǎNJǗǘnjƷNJǡǜǘNJnjǜǘǚǍǏǗǙǕNJǗNJ ǧǜNJǐǝǜǩǗǏǜǛǩǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏNJcnjǗǝǜǚǒnjcǑNJǕǒǜǥǟǛnjǏǜǘǖ
ǙǘǛǏǕǔNJƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƶNJǚǔǘnjǗǒǔǘnjǟǒǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜnƺǏNJǔǠǒǘǗǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǏǚ ǡǒǛǜǥǟǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǜǏǚǒǕǦǗǥǟǛǜǘǓǕNJǟǛǜǘǩǜǛǡNJǛǜǕǒnjǥǏǔǘǚǘ
njNJǜǒnjǗNJǩǖǥǛǕǦǛǜNJǚNJǏǜǛǩǙǘnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǔcǜǘǖǝǐǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝǖǗǘǍǘǧǜNJǐ njǥǒcǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǐǝǨǜǛnjǘǏǛǏǗǘnƬǥǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǎǝǖNJǏǜǏǡǜǘǧǜǘ
ǗǥǟǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǟǜǘǏǛǜǦǙǘǙǚǘǛǜǝǍǘnjǘǚǩǎǘǟǘǎǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjnjǏǎǩǗNJǛǗNJǑNJǎ R
  ' 
 - J
 
 ǛǘǗ#~cǷnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǗNJǧǔǚNJǗǏǜǒǜǚƷǏǜǧǜǘǛǘnjǟǘǑƲcǖǗǘǍǒǏǑǚǒǜǏǕǒǑǗNJnj
55 ;   v$ (# 

+
njcǜǘǜǐǏNjǏǑnjǥǟǘǎǗǥǓǜǝǙǒǔ~  BE  &( 
<  +,  
ǢǒǏǡǜǘǔNJǚǜǒǗǝǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǗǒǖNJǕǒ NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǎǘǛǗǒǖNJǕǒ njcǛǘnjǟǘ
ƻǘǔǘǕǛǜNJǕnjNJǐǗǥǖǒǛǙǥǜNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǙǘǕǒǍǘǗǘǖƻcǙǘcǍǘǎ   <  &B S:
<#

 ǑǏnƭǒǍNJǗǜ~ƺǘǛǜǘnjǛǔǘǓǘNjǕNJǛǜǒ ǡǦǒǙǘǕǩǑNJǗǒǖNJǕǒǔccǍǘǎǝǙǕǘǣNJǎǦ
  - @G?G
ǑǎǏǛǦǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǘǎǘǖǘnj ǗNJǛǘǜǔNJǟǔNJǐǎǥǓ ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǝcǗǒǟǚNJǑǗǥǓǔǘǗ @P v$<K  B
<K 
njccǖǕǗcǔnjcǔǖ ǙǚǒǗǩǕǒǧǜǘǑNJǡǒǛǜǝǨǖǘǗǏǜǝƷǘnjǛǩǧǜNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ
ǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒcǚNJǑǗǘǏǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǥǏNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǏǔNJǚǔNJǛ <B% , <%   NjǥǕNJǕǒǢǦǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǛǘǑǎNJǕǎǚǝǍLJǓǑǏǗǢǜǏǓǗNJǒcƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏ
ǗǥǏǛcǑNJǛǥǙǔǘǓǜǘǚǞǘǖǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǏǛcǑNJǛǥǙǔǘǓǘǙǒǕǔNJǖǒ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǒcǔǒǚǙǒǡ   - @G?>P B NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƪǗǎǚǏǓƫǝǚǘnjƾǒǕǦǖǐǏǑNJǎǝǖNJǗǗǥǓnjccǍǘǎǝ njcǛǘǜǚǝǎ
ǗǥǏ ƱNJǜǏǖnjcǜǏǡǏǗǒǏǍǘǎNJnjcǗǒǟǑNJǖǏǚǩǕǒǜǏǖǙǏǚNJǜǝǚǝǒcnjǕNJǐǗǘǛǜǦǡǜǘNjǥ ǗǒǡǏǛǜnjǏǛcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǘǖǁNJǩǗǘnjǥǖ ǔNJǔnnjǘǙǕǦǘcǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǛǜǒǚNJNjǘǜǥ
ǗNJǓǜǒǘǙǜǒǖNJǕǦǗǥǓnjNJǚǒNJǗǜƲcǟǘǜǩƶNJǚǔǘnjǗǒǔǘnjǙǒǢǏǜǡǜǘnNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ njcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏ~ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǙǘǛǕǘnjNJǖǛNJǖǘǍǘLJǓǑǏǗǢǜǏǓǗNJnǔNJǚǜǒǗǘǓǙǘǔNJ
56
ǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǏǛǜǦnjǛǏǍǘǖǏǗǏǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnj~ ǘǗNJǑǎǏǛǦǜǘǐǏ ǑNJǎǘǛǜǒǐǏǗǒǓ~ǜǘǏǛǜǦnǙǘǜǏǖǔǒǗǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǓ~ǡǏǖǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǎǘǚǘǍǝ
njǏǛǦǖNJǗǏǘNjǥǡǗNJƻNJǖǥǖǒNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǖǒNjǥǕǒnǛǜǘǚǘǐǏnjǥǏNjNJǢǗǒ~NjǚNJǜǦǏnj nƴǝNjNJǗǛǔǒǖǔNJǑNJǔNJǖ~ƬƻƿƬǒcǙǚǘǡǏǓǕNJǔǒǚǘnjǔǏǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ
ƬǏǛǗǒǗǥǟcǷǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǏnjcǙǕNJǗǏǛcǜNJǔǒǖǒǐǏǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǖǒǘǔǗNJǖǒ ǛǘǟǚNJ ƪǕNJǔǒǚǘnjNJǜǦNjǥǕǘǡǜǘƷNJǡǒǗNJǏǜLJǓǑǏǗǢǜǏǓǗǚNJNjǘǜǝǗNJǎǞǒǕǦ
ǗǒǕNJǛǦǕǒǢǦǘǎǗNJǒǑǙǩǜǒǒcǜNJǛǒǕǦǗǘǙǏǚǏǛǜǚǘǏǗNJ ƮǘǖNJǐǏǙǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǖ ǖǘǖǔǘǍǎNJnjcƻƻƻƺǏǣǏǙǚǘnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǙǘǕǒǜǒǔNJǔǘǘǙǏǚNJǠǒǒǗǘǝǐǏnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǛNJǖǘǍǘƶNJǚǔǘnjǗǒǔǘnjNJǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǜǛǔǘǚǏǏNJǗǍǕǒǓǛǔǒǓǔǘǜǜǏǎǐǖǏǛǜǗǥǖǘǛǘ 54 `
- % F T <N- ;   <:ǛǤǏǑǎǙNJǚǜǒǒǙǚǘnjǘǑǍǕNJǢNJǏǜǔǝǚǛǗNJǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǒnjǒǑNJǠǒǨ ǙǘǡǏǖǝǞǒǕǦǖ
v$ 

< 
  P  B
NjǏǗǗǘǛǜǩǖǘǜnjǏǡNJǩǔǚǝǜǥǖǒǛǔNJ   CC E
 X @G=H
ǒcǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǙǏǚǏǎǏǕǥnjNJǜǦ ƴǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǗNJǛǒǕǦǗǘǑNJǍǘǗǩǨǜnjcǔǘǕǟǘǑǒǑǥǖNJǨǜ
ǜNJǖǒǔǚǘnjǏǕǦcǷǎǕǩǛNJǖǘǛNjǚǘǛNJ ! "
B-
x
B   <%  
x
B   <%  
  - @G?A
\<?- -<=@-
55 V $-
ǝcǗǒǟǑǏǖǕǨǛǔǘǜǒǗǝǔǝǕNJǔǘnjǚǏǙǚǏǛǛǒǚǝǨǜnjǛǏǧǜǘǔǘǗǡNJǏǜǛǩǛǜǚNJǢǗǥǖ
ǛǗǏǍNJƸǜǕǒǡǗNJǩǔǚNJǛǗNJǩǛǘǛǗNJ   - @G?A 56 V $- ǍǘǕǘǎǘǖǗNJǡNJǕNJǟǒcǖNJǛǛǘnjǥǖǒǛǟǘǎǘǖǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƻcǙǘcǍǘǎ
ǛcNjǏǚǏǍǘnjǚǏǔǒƶǘǕǘǍǒǒcNjǏǜǘǗ njcǍǘǚǘǎǝǏǑǐNJǏǜcǖǒǕǕǒǘǗǘnjǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗ NJcǏǣǏcǖǒǕǕǒǘǗǘnjǙǘǔǒǗǏǜǛnjǘǒ
ǗǥǏǡNJǢǒǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǥǗǏǎNJnjNJnj ǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǔccǍǘǎǝ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǝǚNjNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǩǢǕNJnjǘnjǛǏǖǖǒǚǏǗǘǗǒǍǎǏ
ǢǒǏǛǜǏǗNJǖǍǗǒǜǦǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǕǒ ǎǏǚǏnjǗǨǗǏǒǛǜǚǏNjǕǩǕǒǛǜǘǕǦǖǏǜǘǎǒǡǗǘƫǘǕǦǢǏnjǒǔǒǙNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǒNjǘǩǕǒǛǦ
ǎǘǖNJǖǎǘǕǍǒǓnjǏǔNJcǙǘǛǏǕǔǝcǷ ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǜnjNJ ǟǘǜǩnjǛǏǍǘǕǒǢǦǗǏnjǏǚǗǘǘǠǏǗǒnjNJǕǒǧǜǘǜnǗǏǝǎǘNjǗǥǓǔǕNJǛǛ~
NjǏǢǏǗǝǨǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǦnjcǙǘǛǕǏ ǔNJǔǙǘǔNJǑNJǕnjcǘǎǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǓǔǗǒǍǏƼǏǘǎǘǚǂNJǗǒǗ ƲǑǗǒǡǜǘǐǏǗǒǏǎǏǚǏnjǗǒ
ǎǝǨǣǒǏǕǏǜǔǘǍǎNJǘǗǔNJǑNJǕǛǩ njǏǎǏǜǔcǎǏǍǚNJǎNJǠǒǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǍǘNjǚǘǛNJǨǜǚNJǑNjǒǚNJǨǜǗNJǎǚǘnjNJ
ǔNJǔǒǖǜǘNjǝǚǐǝǓǛǔǒǖǍǘǚǘǎǘǖ ǒǑǚǏǎǔNJǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǩǜǗNJǗǘnjǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǒcǝǐǏǘǡǏǗǦǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǚǘǩǜ
ǛNJǎǘǖnjǗǝǜǚǒǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǘǝǗǥǕǘǍǘ nƻǜNJǚNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǛcǏǏǠǏǚǔǘnjǦǨǗNJǛNJǖǘǖnjǒǎǗǘǖǖǏǛǜǏǛcǏǏ
ǛǘǠǒNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǍǘǚǘǎNJ ǕǝǡǢǒǖǒǎǘǖNJǖǒǝǚǩǎǗǒǔNJǙǘǙNJǔǝǕNJǔNJǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǙǕNJǗǏǛcǏǏǙǘǕǝǚNJǑ

40 
njNJǕǏǗǗǥǖǒǒǑNjNJǖǒǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǗNJǑNJǎǗǏǖǙǕNJǗǏǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǒǛǡǏǑNJǜǦcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜ ǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǜnjNJnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǩ~ƪcǚǩǎǘǖǡǏǚǏǑǞǚǝǔǜǘnjǥǓ
ƻǜNJǕǒǗnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJ<:--ǛǤǏǑǎǏƬƴƹ Nj cǷǽǛǤǏǑǎǏǙǘNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǏǓǻcǷƷNJ ǛNJǎǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǛǩǏǣǏǒcǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǓǎnjǘǚǏǠǛNJǚNJǓǎǕǩnjǛǏǟnjǒ
ǏǏǖǏǛǜǘnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǗǘnjNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǛcǏǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǒ ǎǘnjǐǒnjǘǜǗǥǟǒcNJǖNjNJǚǚǏǢǏǗǗǥǓnjcǞǘǚǖNJǟǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǍǘǜǏǚǏǖNJǛcǙǘnjNJǕǘǖ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǒǛcǏǏǔǕǝNjNJǖǒǚNJǎǒǘǔǒǗǘǢǔǘǕNJǖǒNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJǖǒǒcǩǛ ǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǖnjǘǑnjǥǢNJǏǜǛǩǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩǛnjǏǜǏǕǔNJȁƹǚǘǏǔǜǚǏNJ
57
ǕǩǖǒǛcǏǏǜǚNJǔǜǘǚNJǖǒǔǘǖNjNJǓǗNJǖǒǖǘǕǘǜǒǕǔNJǖǒNJnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǩǖǒ~  ǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǏNjǥǕƬǝǜǔǏǡǏǚǏǑ
ƿNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǡǜǘnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗǥǟǙǚǒǖǏǚǘnjǙǏǚǏǡǒǛǕǩǏǜƻǜNJǕǒǗ ǜǚǒǍǘǎNJǚNJǛǛǜǚǏǕǩǕǒǗNJƫǝ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǑǎNJǗǒǩƸǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǐǏǟǘǚǘǢǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗNJ ǜǘnjǛǔǘǖǙǘǕǒǍǘǗǏ ǗǏcǑNJNJǚǟǒ
ǛǏǕǏƶǘǒǛǏǓƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǏǜnjccǍǘǎǝǜǏǖǡǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǙǥ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǑǕǒǢǏ
ǜNJǨǜǛǩǖǏǟNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǒǜǦǗNJǛǏǕǘǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǏǙǚǒǏǖǥǝnjǕǏǔNJǨǜǛǩ ǛǜnjNJNJcǑNJnǢǙǒǘǗNJǐnjcǙǘǕǦǑǝ
ǍǒǍNJǗǜǒǑǖǘǖNJcǍǕNJnjǗǘǏcǷǛǡǒǜNJǨǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǛǏǕNJǡǏǖǜǘnjǜǘǚǘǛǘǚǜǗǥǖ ƭǏǚǖNJǗǒǒ~ 
ǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘǧǜǒǛǕǘnjNJǗǏǝǜǚNJǜǩǜNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǑNJcǕǏǜǒcnjccǍǘǎǝ ƷǘǝcǧǜǘǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǏǛǜǦǙǘǎ
ǒǟǙǘnjǜǘǚǒǜƺǏǖƴǘǕǟNJǛǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǩnjcǗǦǨǓǘǚǔǛǔǘǖǖǝǑǏǏƭǝǍǍǏǗǟNJǓǖNJnjǥ ǜǏǔǛǜ ǑNJǔǚǥnj ǜǏǖǝ nǛnjǘǏǍǘ
ǛǜNJnjǔǝnƻSYRXV]WMHI~ǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǝǨNjǏǑǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǓǛǝǎǦNjǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǑNJ ǎǘǖNJǗNJǛnjǘǏǓǑǏǖǕǏ~ǛǘnjǏǜ
ǙǚǏǎǏǕNJǖǒǍǘǚǘǎNJ  ǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦǗǝǐǎNJǏǜǛǩnjcǗǏ
ƯǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǚǏNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǚǘǚǥnjǘǖ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǖ ǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǏ ǜNJǔǒǟ
ǛǏǕǘǖǍǎǏǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǣǏ ǎǘǖǘnjcǷǡǜǘNjǥǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǘ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǒcǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǑǎNJ njNJǜǦǖǒǚǝǔNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǘǐǒnjǝǜ
ǗǒǩǗǘǒcǐǒǕǦǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩƭǘǕǝNjǘnjǔNJ ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǕǨǎǒƷǝNJcǚNJǑǎNJǜǦ
ǁǏǚǗǒǍǘnjǛǔǘǓǘNjǕNJǛǜǒƮnjNJǎǠNJǜǒǕǏǜ ǜNJǔǒǏnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕǘǔǘǖǝcǷǛNJ
ǗǒǓ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ ƴNJǚǕ ƵǘǙǩǕǘ ǏǣǏ ǖǥǖnjǏǚǗǥǖǛǕǝǍNJǖ NJcǜNJǔǐǏ
ǎNJǐǏǗǏǘǔǘǗǡǒnjǢǒǓƶƪƺƿƲǎǏǕNJ ǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǖǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǒǛǜNJǖ 
ǏǜǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǍǏǗǙǕNJǗǔcǚǏǔǏ nƻǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗNJǩ
ǛǏǕǘǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǙNJǚǔǘǖ ǙǚǘǙNJǍNJǗǎNJcǷǙǒǢǏǜƶNJǚǔ
Ǜc ƮnjǘǚǠǘǖ ǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥ ǒc ǛǜNJǎǒǘǗǘǖ ƶǏǏǚǘnjǒǡcǷnjǘnjǛǏǟǙǝNjǕǒ
J ) % - ;  ǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǔcǙNJǚǔǝǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǨǜǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǕǘ U  " )
 ǔNJǠǒǩǟǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǥǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǛǘǠǍǘǚǘǎNJƶNJǍǗǒǜǘǍǘǚǛǔNJnjǥǎNJnjNJǕNJǧǜǘ
$
  <  J: - ;  58
#   _
 
ǣNJǎǦǛcǛǏǕǦǛǘnjǏǜǘǖǒcǖNJǍNJǑǒǗNJǖǒǡǝǜǦǙǘǘǎNJǕǦcǷǢǔǘ Ev$   ǽǧǕǒǜǗǘǏǻǐǒǕǒǣǏǑNJǽǖNJǛǛǘnjǘǏǐǒǕǦǏǎǕǩǚNJNjǘǡǒǟǻ~ ƪcǎNJǕǏǏǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜ
 
- @GIM ǕNJǒcǎǏǜǛǔǒǓǛNJǎNJcǗNJǎǚǝǍǘǖNjǏǚǏǍǝǚǏǔǒcǷǎǘǖǘǜǎǥǟNJ
<B  E 
   ǘǎǒǗǒǑǜNJǔǒǟǎǘǖǘnjnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏƫǏǚǏǑǔǒnƮǘǖnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǐǒǕƪƹcƱNJnjǏǗǩ
 % B X-
ǛcǍǚǩǑǏǕǏǡǏNjǗǒǠǏǓƬǛǏǧǜǒǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǒǖǏǨǜǔǚNJǓǗǏǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǝǨNJǚǟǒ 1943 ǍǒǗcǷǎǒǚǏǔǜǘǚƶNJǍǗǒǜǘǍǘǚǛǔǘǍǘǖǏǜNJǕǕǝǚǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜNJcǷǎNJǐǏ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǎNJǐǏǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǜǦǐǒǕǥǏǐǏ ǗNJǞǘǗǏǎǚǝǍǒǟǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǓǙǘǛǏǕǔNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǖǎnjǘǚǠǘǖǧǜǘNjǥǕ
ǎǘǖNJǛǜNJnjǩǜǛǩǙǘǐǏǛǜǔǘǓǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǓǛǏǜǔǏ ǗǘǔNJǐǎǥǓnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǛcǛǘNj ǜǚǏǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǔǘǖǗNJǜǗǥǓǔǘǜǜǏǎǐnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǕǒǛǦNjǒǕǦǩǚǎǗNJǩ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǘǖ ǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǘǗǒǗNJnjǥǛǘǔǘǖǔNJǖǏǗǗǘǖǙǘǎǔǕǏǜǏnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷ ǖǝǑǥǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǛNJǕǘǗǒǍǚǘnjNJǩǎǕǩǎǏǜǏǓǔNJNjǒǗǏǜƹǘǑNJǎǒǎǘǖNJǗNJǟǘǎǒǕǛǩ
59
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǛcǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏǖǞǒNjǚǘǕǒǜǘnjǥǖǒǙǕǒǜNJǖǒǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷ 57 
<-"- UB    ǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǘǕǏǗǒǓǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔNJcǙǏǚǏǎǎǘǖǘǖcǷǛNJǎ~ 
Z[OO<y %

<   R
  " $
-
ǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǏǙNJǚNJǎǗǘǏǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǛcǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǥǖǔǘǑǥǚǦǔǘǖǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǣǒǖ `J<"J;&, ?H< @GIA< - CC a

B  
ƶǏǗǏǏǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘNjǘǕǏǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥ
ǙǘnjNJǕǒcǜNJǔǘǏǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǗǘnjǘnjnjǏǎǏǗǒǏǔNJǔNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǝǍǕǘnjNJǩǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗ 
<-"- D 

- V-<@I- <%   ;
:
- @GIG ǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǗNJǢǏǛǜǦǛǏǖǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǜǚǘǒǜnjcƹǒǗǎǝǢNJǟǑǧǔƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ
'-F #  
 -
ǗNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƻǏǕǘNjǥǕǘǎǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǘNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǔcǕǏǜǝcǍǘǎNJǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ  %

 
B ƬǛǏnjǘǕǘǐǛǔǒǓǎǕǩǛǕǝǐNJǣǒǟƫǏǕǘǖǘǚǔNJǗNJǕNJ Ƕ ƴǚǏǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǗNJǩ
@GM@--<IIM-
njǛǏǛǍǘǚǏǕǘnjcnjǘǓǗǏ 58 ' 
<'-#- V
%
  -
ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǛcnǒǑǤǩǜǥǖǒ~ǘNjǤǏǖNJǖǒǙǘǝǍǕNJǖnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜNJ
ƺǘNjǔǒǖǘǜǍǘǕǘǛǔǘǖǧǜǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǛǜNJǕǙǚǘǏǔǜnǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǔǘǕǟǘǑ  $

/     <K   -
ǔǚǘnjǕǏǓǙNJǎNJǨǣǏǓǎǘǝǚǘnjǗǩǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJƮǘǙǘǕǗǩǨǜǧǜǝǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚ
  %BE %
 - N  
ǗǒǔNJǎǕǩǛǚǏǎǗǏǓǙǘǕǘǛǥƺǘǛǛǒǒ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjccǍǘǎǝǎǏǕNJǨǜǚNJNjǘǜNJnjǢǒǏ   

zsg{rfgnkjen| } ǗǝǨǎǕǩǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǨnjǥǙǒǕǏǗǗǥǏnjcNjǚǏnjǗNJǟNJǚǔǒnjǟǘǎNJ
rstfhgen|- E

<
-
njcƭǘǕǝNjǘnjǔǏƸǕǏǍƬǝǜǔǏǒcƵǨǎǖǒǕNJƴNJǢǔNJǚǘnjNJLJǜǘǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǏ  

 #


<X 


ǒcǘǜnjǏǡNJǨǣǒǏǒǖǙǘǕǝǔǚǝǍǕǥǏnjǥǚǏǑǥnjǘǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJǟƬccǍǘǎǝƬǛǏnjǘ
ǝǖǏǛǜǗǥǓǎǕǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǎǘǖǛǕǘnjǗǘǒǑǜǏǟǐǏnƴǝNjNJǗǛǔǒǟǔNJǑNJǔǘnj~ǛcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓ ( 
 + %
- P
ǕǘǐǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǙǚNJnjǩǜnjcƲnjǎǏǕǦǕNJǍǍǎǏǘǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǙǘǛǏǕǘǔƹǘǕǝǗǘǡǗǘǏǖNJ
;  I><
<K ?<
  ?>@>-
ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǒcǎnjǝǖǩǔǝǟǗǩǖǒnjǗǒǑǝǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǖǒǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǛcnjǏǚNJǗǎǘǓ -<I=- ǍNJǑǒǗǢǔǘǕNJǎǏǜǛNJǎǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩNjǘǕǦǗǒǠNJǐǒǕǥǏǎǘǖNJcǷǒcnjǛǏǧǜǘnjcǜǘǖ
59 V $- -<IQYI=- 60
ǒǑǠnjǏǜǗǥǟǛǜǏǔǕǥǢǏǔǎNJǏǣǏǒcǛcǙǒǕǩǛǜǚNJǖǒǛǘǛǕǘǐǗǥǖǒǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǔNJǙǒ 60 J  <-"- J 
 %

ǐǏǔǕǨǡǏ ƹǚNJnjǎNJǏǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜƮǘǖNJǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥcǷnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛNJǖǘǏǒǗǜǏ
ǜǏǕǩǖǒǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏNJnjǜǘǚNJǖǙǚǒǕǏǜǏǕǘǛǙǝǛǜǩǙǘǕnjǏǔNJnjcǔǗǒǍǏnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ <  R--<" $ CC
ǚǏǛǗǘǏǡǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏNjǥǕǘǛǘǡǒǗǏǗǘǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǖǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǖǒcǷ
E
 F

   \<I>
ǚNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǛǏǕNJ~ǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǘǗǥǏǙǒǕǩǛǜǚǥǙǘǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǒNjǥnnjǥǛǘǔǘǍǘ ?>@>- NjǝǎǏǜnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗnjcǔNJǖǗǏ

42 
ƷǘǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǖǜǒǙǘǖǐǒǕǦǩǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩNjNJǚNJǔǒnLJǜǘǜǜǒǙǖNJǛ /0 
ǛǘnjǘǍǘǐǒǕǒǣNJǎǕǩǚNJNjǘǡǒǟcǷǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜƶǏǏǚǘnjǒǡcǷǛǜǥǎǕǒnjǘǑNJǖǘǕ
ǡNJǗǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǗNJǝǔǘǓǗǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǏǒǑǝǡǏǗǒǛǔǕǨǡǏǗ
  
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǒǑǘǞǒǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǒǛǜǏǖǥNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǟǒcǍǚNJǎǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǑǗNJǗǒǓ
ƿǘǜǩnjǛǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǎǏǛǩǜǒǕǏǜǒǓǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǍǚNJǎǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǛnjǩǑNJ
61
ǗNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǛcǗǒǖ~ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǘǗǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗǘǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǏǜǛǩ
ǔNJǔNJǗNJǕǘǍǎǘǖNJǔǘǖǖǝǗǥǎǕǩǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒƷǏǖǏǠƬNJǕǦǜǏǚ
ǂnjNJǍǏǗǢNJǓǎǜǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǣǒǓnjcƻǒNjǒǚǒnjcNjǚǒǍNJǎǏLJǚǗǛǜNJƶNJǩǎǏǕNJǏǜ
njccǍǘǎǝǙǚǘǏǔǜnNjNJǚNJǔNJǛcǚNJǛǜǝǣǒǖNjǕNJǍǘǝǛǜǚǘǓǛǜnjǘǖ~ǍǎǏǛǗNJǡNJǕNJ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǜǘǩǜǗNJǚǥǗNJǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJcǙǘǜǘǖǔcǗǒǖǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǒ ƹǘǔNJǐǏǘǛǗǘnjǗNJǩǖNJǛǛNJǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǩǨǜǒǜǛǩnjcǒǑ
ǔǒǒcǝNjǘǚǗǥǏNJcǡǒǛǕǘǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǏǓǛǘǔǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩǎǘnljcǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǨNjNJ NjNJǟǒcNjNJǚNJǔNJǟ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǔǘǖǖǝǗNJǕǔNJǟǒcǙǘǎnjNJǕNJǟ 
ǚNJǡǗǥǓǍǘǚǘǎǙǘǖǏǚǏǙǘǛǜǝǙǕǏǗǒǩǎǏǗǏǍǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǒcǚNJNjǘǡǏǓǛǒǕǥǙǏ NJcǕǝǡǢNJǩǏǍǘǡNJǛǜǦǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcNjNJǚNJǔNJǟǕNJǍǏǚ
62
ǚǏǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǜǦǒcǩcǙǘǔNJǐǝǔNJǔǏǍǘǖǘǐǗǘNjǝǎǏǜǙǏǚǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǦnjcǍǘǚǘǎǚNJǓ~  ǗǥǟǎǚǝǍNJǩǏǍǘǕǝǡǢNJǩǡNJǛǜǦǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǙǘǕǝǡNJǜǦ
ƷǘǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǛǘNjǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǕǩǛnjǘǒǟǍǚNJǐǎNJǗnǚNJǓ~ ǎNJǡǒƼNJǔnjcǜǏǖǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǙǚǘǒǛ
ǘǗNJnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǙǕNJǗǒǚǝǏǜǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǜǦǖNJǛǛǥǠǒnjǒǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǐǒǕǦǏǖ ǟǘǎǒǜǜǚNJǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǚNJǛǣǏǙǕǏǗǒǏƹǚNJnjǎNJNjǘǍNJǜǥǏ
ƫNJǚNJǔǒNjǝǎǝǜǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǔǘǗǠNJǟǒcǘǗǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǩǜǛǩnjcǜNJǔǘǏǐǏǙǚǘǔǕǩ ǜǘǐǏǙǕNJǡǝǜǒcǜǚǩǛǝǜǛǩǘǜǛǜǚNJǟNJƻǕǘnjǘnǎNJǡNJ~
ǜǒǏǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘNjǥǜNJǔNJǔǒcǔǘǖǖǝǗNJǕǔǒ njǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩǔcǛnjǘǏǖǝǒǛǔǘǗǗǘǖǝǏǣǏƹǏǜǚǘǖ-
nƯǣǏnjcǔǘǗǠǏǎnjNJǎǠNJǜǥǟǍǘǎǘnjǝcǗNJǛNjǥǕǚǏNJǕǦǗǥǓǢNJǗǛǙǚǘ ǎNJǗǗǘǖǝǏǓǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǨǏǏǖǘǍǝǜǔNJǔǎNJǜǦǜNJǔǒcǘǜǘ
ǎǘǕǐǒǜǦǗNJǡNJǜǝǨǛǜǘǕǏǜǒǏǗNJǑNJǎǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǨcǷǙǒǢǏǜƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƭǕNJǑǥǡǏnjcǷ NjǚNJǜǦ ǡNJǛǜǘnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǐǒǑǗǦǨ LJǜǘNjNJǕNJǗǛǒǚǝǨ
ǒcǙǘǛǏǕǘǔƻǘǔǘǕnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓǖǘǖǏǗǜǛǙNJǛǏǗǗǥǓǘǜǛǗǘǛNJnjcǏǍǘǎǥȁǙǘcǛǏǓ ǣǏǏǛǘǛǜǘǩǗǒǏǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǎNJǡǗǘǖǝNjǥǜǝǟǘǛǘNjǝǨ
ǎǏǗǦǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǎǘǛǝǐǏǖǝǙǘǛǏǜǒǜǏǕǨǠǏǕǝǨǍNJǖǖǝǘǎǗǘǛǏǖǏǓǗǥǟǎǘ "  a :-
;   -
ǘǛǜǚǘǜǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǜNJǔǜǘǡǗǘǑNJǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗNJnjcǞǒǕǦǖǏ
ǖǘnjǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǏǗǗǝǨǗNJǚǥǗǘǔǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǜǚǏǛǜǘǖƬǖǏǛǜǏǛcƷLJƹǘǖǧǜǘǜ 1932 ƷǒǔǒǜǥƶǒǟNJǕǔǘnjNJnƽǜǘǖǕǏǗǗǥǏǛǘǕǗǠǏǖ~Ʋcǟǘǜǩ
ǢNJǗǛNjǥǕǝǗǒǡǜǘǐǏǗǒcǗNJǎǘǕǍǒǏǎǏǛǩǜǔǒǕǏǜǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦ ǙǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǜǚǏnjǘǐǒǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǎNJǡ
ǗǥǖǜǒǙǘǖǐǒǕǒǣNJǛǜNJǕǚNJNjǘǡǒǓNjNJǚNJǔǘNjǚNJǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ ǗǒǔNJǕǒǢǦnjǘǓǗNJǛcnjǗǏǢǗǒǖnjǚNJǍǘǖ ǙǘǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǝ
ǩǚǡNJǓǢǏǑNJǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǚǘǖNJǗNJǖǒǽƬǚǏǖǩnjǙǏǚǏǎǻƬcƴNJǜNJ ǛcǗǒǖǍǚǘǟǘǡǝǜǝǡǏǗǒǩcǷǔNJǔǒcnjcnƭǘǕǝNjǘǓǡNJǢǔǏ~ X- )    - U $
ǏnjNJǒcǽƵǨǎǒǒǑǑNJǟǘǕǝǛǜǦǩǻƪcƶNJǕǥǢǔǒǗNJƶǘǓǢǔǘǕǦ ƪǚǔNJǎǒǩƭNJǓǎNJǚNJ ǗǘNjǥǛǜǚǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǩǛǗǘǡǜǘ 


 #
(#  :+- @G=@
ǗǥǓǙǚǒǩǜǏǕǦȁǐǒǕnjcǜNJǔǘǓǏǖǔǘǛǜǒǎǕǩnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJ njǘǓǗNJnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǩǩǔǝǎNJǛǜǚNJǢǗǏǏ
ǚNJNjǘǡǏǓǛǒǕǥǛǏǗǒǘǜǗǒǟǗNJǙǚNJnjǘǘǜǟǘǐǏǏǖǏǛǜǘǛcNjǏ ƴǕNJǛǛǘnjǘǏǚNJǛǛǕǘǏǗǒǏǗNJNjǘǕǏǏǖǏǕǔǘǖǝǚǘnjǗǏǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜ
ǜǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǒǽǛǜǝǙǏǗǩǖǒǻǙǘǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǖǘǜǽǘǡǔNJǻǗNJ ǒcƶǒǟNJǒǕƫǝǕǍNJǔǘnj
ǕǏnjǘǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǛcǚǩǎǘǖǧǖNJǕǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǟǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǒǔǘnj nǷƷǏǗNJǎǘǜǘnjNJǚǒǣǒǑNJnjǒǎǘnjNJǜǦƮNJǡnjǛǏǍǘǎnjNJǎǠNJǜǦǎnjǏ
ǙǚǩǖǘcǷǎǕǒǗǗǥǓǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǜNJǔǐǏǛcǠǏ ǒcǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩǏǣǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǏǖǦNJcǗNJǛnjcƶƪƻƻƸƵƲƼǏǜǚǒǜǥǛǩǡǒ
  # -

  $

ǖǏǗǜǗǥǖǙǘǕǘǖǙǘǘNjǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷǐǒǕǥǏ ǷƼǚǒǜǥǛǩǡǒǛǜǘǘǎǒǗǗNJǎǠNJǜǦǡǏǕǘnjǏǔcǷnjǛǜNJnjǒǕǔǜǘǜǘǒǑǝǍǕNJ
63
- @G?>P ǽǙǏǗNJǕǥǻnjcnjǒǎǏǔǘǖǗNJǜǔǒǗNJǛǏǖǦǨ~  ǷƷǝnjǘǜnjǒǎǒǜǏcǷǙǚǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǕNJǂǜǝǚǖNJǗcǷǡǜǘǐǏǎǏǕNJǜǦ#
ƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǎNJǡǒǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǒǗNJǒNjǘǕǏǏǜNJǕNJǗǜǕǒnjǥǏǒǑǗNJǛȁ
ǷƭǏǗǏǚNJǕǥcǷǗNJǙǚǩǖǒǔnjǚǏǑNJǕǛǩnjcǛǔǕǘǔǝƭǕǝǟNJǚǏnjǛǠǏǗNJǚǒǛǜ
ƫǏǛǔǝǎǗǒǔǘnjǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǑǏnjǗǝnjnjǥǢǏǕǒǑǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ
ǷƸǎǗǒnjcǙǩǜǒǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǟnjcƹǏǚǏǕǥǍǒǗǏcǷnjǛǕǏǎǏǖǝǛǔNJǑNJǕ
ƭǕǝǟNJǚǏnj
ǷƵNJnjǚǘnjǒǡǘǎǒǗnjcǢǏǛǜǒcǷnjǛǔǚǒǡNJǕƮǏǗǒǛǔǒǗcǷǒcǛǜǘǕǘ
64
61 ' 
<'-#- ^-  - -<A@-
62 `
- % F . 

<N-- ;-
njNJǩǎǝNjǘǖǘNjǢǒǜNJ~

 
 CC "  X - ǁǜǘNjǥǝcǑǗNJǨǣǒǟǗǏǑNJǔǚNJǕǘǛǦǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǛǘǖǗǏǗǒǩnjcǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙǏ
%

 <


- R  
-

F 


<B  ?>@A- 64 !  <'-- '
<' 
- ƹǏǚǏǕǥǍǒǗNJƫǝǕǍNJǔǘnjǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǜǜǘǡǗǘǏǡǒǛǕǘǎNJǡnjcǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǘǖƹǏǚǏ
63 # B<"-)- X
  F %



 CC X 
 % 


 CC  
  

 <M  E-
V-<M- '-F . $
-
ǎǏǕǔǒǗǘ ǟǘǜǩǒcǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǒǜǏǍǘǗNJƴǕǩǑǦǖǝ LJǜǒǎNJǡǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǒnjccǍǘǎǝ
@GGM \<@-  @GG>- - MG- ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnǍǏǗǏǚNJǕǥ~ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǥƾǏǎǒǗǒcƹǒǕǦǗǩǔƵǏǘǗǘnj

44 
ǒcƲnjNJǗǘnjƾNJǎǏǏnjǒcƹNJǛǜǏǚǗNJǔNJcǜNJǔǐǏǎǚNJǖNJǜǝǚǍƬǛǏnjǘǕǘǎƬǒǢǗǏnjǛǔǒǓ ǛcǔǘǚǘnjǗǒǔǘǖƹǚǘǛǜǘǓǛǚǝNjǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǝǐǏǙǘǜǘǖǗNJǟǕǘNjǝǡǒǕǒnjǜǘǚǘǓ
ǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙƵNJnjǚǘnjǒǡNJ ǒcǙǘǧǜƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƴǒǚǢǘǗ ǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙƫǏǛǔǝǎǗǒǔǘnjNJ cǷ ǧǜNJǐǒcnjǛǏǔǚǏǗǎǏǕǩǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǩƻǜǚǘǒǕǒǍǘǎNJǎnjNJƮǘǖNjǥǕǕǏǜǗǒǓǜǘǙǒǕ
ǘǛǘNjǘǩǚǘǛǜǗǥǏǍǘǗǒǜǏǕǒƫǝǕǍNJǔǘnjNJ ǛǩǙǏǡǦǨnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷǎǘǣNJǜǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǎǘǣNJǜǥǏǙǘǕǥƲǑǝǎǘNjǛǜnjcǷǔǘǖǗNJǜNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ƹǚǒnjǛǏǓǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǒǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǏǓǎNJǡǒǒǟNjǥǕǒǜǒǙǘnjǥǖǒǡǜǘǘǜnjǏ ǙǘǎǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǖǽǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǩǻnjcǗǏǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǩǣǒǔǛcǎǥǚǔǘǓǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǍǘ
ǡNJǕǘǗǘnjǘǖǝǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǨǘcǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǏǔNJǔǘcǡNJǛǜǒǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǓ ǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩƺǩǎǘǖǝǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǙǘǕǛǘǣǏǕǩǖǒǗNJǗǏǍǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǜNJNjǝǚǏǜ
ǖNJǢǒǗǥǔNJǔǘNjnǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǒǒǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǔǒǟǎǝǢ~ƬǛǏǎǘǖNJǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦ ƼNJǔǒcǖǥǕǒǛǦǛǒǎǩǗNJǜNJNjǝǚǏǜǏƻǜNJǚǢǏǏǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǏǙǘǕǒnjNJǕǘǖǕNJǎǢǏǏ
67
ǒǑNjǚǝǛNJǑNJǜǏǖǢǜǝǔNJǜǝǚǒǕǒǛǦǒcǔǚNJǛǒǕǒǛǦƷNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǐǏcǷǜǏǚ ǗNJǍǚǏnjǗNJǔǏǚǘǛǒǗǔǏnjǘǎǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǝǟǘǎǒǕNJnjcǑǏǖǕǨǡǏǚǏǑǣǏǕǒ~ 
ǚNJǛNJǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖcǷNjNJǕǔǘǗcǖǏǜǚǘnjnjǗǒǑǝǙǕǨǛǗNJnjǏǚǟǝƸǜǘǙǕǏ ƭǏǘǚǍǒǓƭǘǕǦǠǜǘǐǏǔǝǙǒǕǛǚǝNjnjcǛǘǛǏǎǗǏǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǗǘǑNJǛǡǏǜNjǘǕǦǢǒǟ
ǗǒǏcǷǙǏǡǦƸcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǐǏǎǘǖǘnjǛnjǒǎǏǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝǏǜǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǦƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ǘǔǘǗǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒcnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǙǚǒǎNJǕǏǖǝǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǘnjǥǓǗǏǒǑNjǩǗǘǓnjǒǎ
ƪǞǒǗǘǍǏǗǘnjǡǦǩǐǏǗNJNJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǔNJǚNJǑNjǒǚNJǕNJǛǦnjcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǏnƹǘǎǚǝ ƮǘǖƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjNJƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǘnjNJǘǜǕǒǡNJǕǘǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǏǘǔǗǘnjǘǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǏǎNJǡǝ
ǍNJǏǏǟǘǎǒǕNJnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǗǏǓǙǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǏǒcǖǘǕǡNJǕNJǒǑǙǚǒǕǒǡǒǩǗǘǎǒǔǒǖ ƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǩƻǏǗNJǜǘnjNJcǷǔǝǙǘǕǗNJǎǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓƭǕNJnjǗǥǖǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǏǖǎǘǖNJ
ǒcǛǜǚNJǢǗǥǖǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǏǓǠǒǞǚǥǚǝNjǕǏǓǒǛǜǚNJǡǏǗǗǥǟǗNJǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǒcǜNJ ƬǏǛǗǒǗNJNjǥǕǍǚNJǗǏǗǥǓǙǘǕǝǔǚǝǍnjǏǚNJǗǎǥ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǛǙǕǘǢǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗ
ǔǝǨǙǕǘǟǝǨǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǔǘǜǘǚǝǨnjcǏǏǛǜǚNJǗǏ ǗǥǓǔNJǔǝcǙǏǚǏǎǏǕǔǒǗǛǔǒǟǎNJǡ ǒcnjǘǛǦ
65
ǗǒǔǜǘǗǏǛǘǍǕNJǛǒǕǛǩNjǥnjǑǩǜǦ~  ǖǒǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏǘǔǗNJǒǕǕǨǖǒǗNJǜǘǚǥ
ƷǘǡǜǘNJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǠǝǔǘǢǖNJǚǜǘ nƷNJǒNjǘǕǦǢǒǓ ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛ ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜ
ǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǨcǷǛǡNJǛǜǦǏƹǏǚǏǎǏǕǔǒǗ ǕǒǡǗǥǏǎNJǡǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǜǘǍǘnjǚǏǖǏ
68
ǠNJǖǑNJnjǒǎǘnjNJǕǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘƫǝǕǍNJǔǘnjǗǘǒcnjǛǏ Ǘǒ~ cǷǑNJǖǏǡNJǏǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǒǟǑǗNJǜǘǔƴǛǏ
ǙǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǏǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǩǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǘǚǘnjnǀǏǕǦ ǗǒǩƪǔǛǏǕǦǚǘǎƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗNJǎNJǡNJƲǍǗNJǜǒǩ
ǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjNJcǷǛNJǖǘǘǜǎNJǡNJǒcǙǏǚǏǎǏǕǔǒǗǛǔNJǩ ƶǒǕǒǗǒǛNJ  njcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏnƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓNJǚ
ǎNJǡNJ~cǷǛǤǩǑnjǒǕǙǘǧǜƫǘǗǒǞNJǠǒǓǙǏǚǏǞǚNJǑǒ ǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ~ ǛǜNJǗǠǒǩƵǝǍǘnjNJǩ ǍǏǗǙǕNJǗǔǘ
ǚǝǩǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘǎNJǡǗǒǔNJǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǥƻNJǖ ǜǘǚǘǍǘǜNJǔǐǏǛǎǏǕNJǕƶǒǕǒǗǒǛƪǔǛǏǕǦǚǘǎ
ǐǏƫǘǚǒǛƹNJǛǜǏǚǗNJǔǛnjǘǨǎNJǡǝǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǕǜNJǔ ǎNJǐǏǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǏǏnǜǏǚǏǖǘǖ~ǘǛǜǚNJǩǔǚǥ
nƼNJǔǒǏǜǏǡǏǗǒǏǖǔNJǔǘǓǗǒNjǝǎǦǚǏǔǒǚNJǛǜǩǗǝ N ! 
 ;  
 '


- ǢNJǎǘǖNJnjcǙǘǕǜǘǚNJǚNJǑNJnjǥǢǏǡǏǖǙǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐƴǚǘǖǏ
ǜǥǏǙǘnjǛǏǖǝǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜǝǘǜǕǘǍǘǛǜǒ njcNjǏǚǏǑǘnjǘǖ <; 
   - @GI=
ǜǘǍǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǏǍǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǘǍǘǛǚǝNjNJǒǖǏǨǜǎǕǒǗǝǢǏǛǜǦ
ǕǏǛǝ ǛcǛNJǎNJǖǒǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǎǘǖNJǖǒǛcǖǏǑǘǗǒǗNJǖǒnjcǢnjǏǎǛǔǘǜǒǚǘǕǦǛǔǘǖ ǖǏǜǚǘnjcǷǔNJǔǝcǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘǓǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǓǔǕǏǜǒƷǘǏǛǜǦǒcǛǝǍǝNjǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ
ǔǘǜǜǏǎǐǏǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǖnjǔǝǛǏǑNJǖǏǡǏǗǗǥǏǗNJǑNJǔNJǜǏnjcǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǒǘǜǔǝǎNJ ǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǘǔǗǘnjcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǏƶǒǕǒǗǒǛNJcǷǎǘǙǘǕNJNJcnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǢǒǚǘ
ǗǒNjǝǎǦǒǑǘǔǗNJnjNJǍǘǗNJǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǒǗNJǎǘǕǍǘnjǥǛǘnjǥnjNJǜǦǛǩǎǘǙǘǩǛNJǑNJǍǕǩ ǔǘǏǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏLJǜǝnǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ~ǗǒǡǝǜǦǗǏǙǘǚǜǩǜǚǏǑǗǥǏǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒ
ǎǥnjNJǩǛǦǗNJǑNJǎǗNJǧǜǘǘnjǏǩǗǗǘǏǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǗǏǑǏǖǗǘǓǒcǑNJnjǒǎǗǘǓǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǦǨ ǘǔǘǗǒcǚNJǑǗǘǠnjǏǜǗǥǏǛǜǏǔǕǥǢǔǒnjǒǜǚNJǐNJnjǏǚNJǗǎǥƪcǛNJǖǘǏǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǏ
ǙǘǛǏǕǏǗǦǏƲcnjǎǚǝǍǐǒǑǗǦǜNJǔǙǘnjǏǚǗǝǕNJǛǦǡǜǘǗNJǏǏǛǔǕǘǗǏǩcǛNJǖǙǘǍǚǝ njcǜǘǖǡǜǘǎǘǖǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǛǩǒcǎǘǛǒǟǙǘǚǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩnjǘnjǕNJǎǏǗǒǒǙǘ
66
ǑǒǕǛǩnjcǜǘǜnjǒǎǏǗǗǥǓǒǑNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǎNJǕǒǖǩǍǔǒǓǖǗǘǍǘǍǘnjǘǚǩǣǒǓǔǘǕǘǚǒǜ~  ǜǘǖǔǘnjNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJ
ƻǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǏǙǏǚǏǎǏǕǔǒǗǛǔǘǓǎNJǡǒǛǘnǢnjǏǎǛǔǘǜǒǚǘǕǦǛǔǒǖ '
 #
 - ƪnjǘǜǎNJǡNJǏǍǘǛǘNJnjǜǘǚNJǙǘǎǘǖǝƷNJǚǔǘǖǞǒǗNJcǷ ƶǘǒǛǏǩƭǒǗǑ
 B   % 
ǔǘǜǜǏǎǐǏǖ~ǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǗǘǗǘǘǡǏnjǒǎǏǗnǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ~ǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJ R B 
 -
NjǝǚǍNJcǷǙǘǎƷǘnjǥǖƲǏǚǝǛNJǕǒǖǘǖ  ǗǏǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕNJǛǦƸǗNJNjǥǕNJǍǘǚNJǑǎǘ
ƹǘǕǝǔǚǝǍǕǥǓǗǘǛnǔǘǚNJNjǕǏǖ~ǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǏǍǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǘǜǎNJ ; - @GIG NjǘǕǦǢǏ ǔnjǖcǙǚǘǜǒnjǝcƶǒǕǒǗǒǛNJ ǒcNjǘǕǏǏǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǗNJǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǙǕNJ
njNJǕǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖǘǖ ǔcǜǘǖǝnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǝǐǏǚNJǑǍǚǘǖ 65 
  <-R- N
- w%

ǗǒǚǘnjǔǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǒcǷǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǍǚǘǖNJǎǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒcǔǝǟ
 ?@< @GIH< - `
- % F 
%
-
ǕǏǗǗǥǖ ǗǘǒcǏǍǘNjǕǒǐNJǓǢǒǖǙǚǏǎǢǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔǘǖcǷǗǏǖǏǠǔǒǖƫNJǝǟNJǝǛǘǖ <"-- ;  $
  - ǗǩcǷǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖ ǘǗǒǗǏǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǗǘǜǘǍǎNJǧǜǘǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǛǡǒ

E %
 - @GI>YM>P B-
ƪcǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǒǙǘnjǘǓǗǏǖǏǠǔǒǓǙǚǘǏǔǜǒcNjǥǕnjǑǩǜǑNJǘǛǗǘnjǝǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǦǛǔǒǟǎNJǡ '-F '  
 ?>>M-
ǜNJǕǘǛǦǜǩǐǏǕǥǖǗNJǛǕǏǎǒǏǖǒǑNjǥ ǖǒǗǒǖǝǖǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǘnjǙǏǚǏǚǝNjǥ
ƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǐǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǗǏǖǘǍǕǒǛǏNjǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǙǘNjǒǚNJǜǦǛǩǝcǑNJǍǚNJǗǒ 66 ;<!-)- ;
 
ǛǘǑǎNJǨǣǒǏǝǨǜǗǥǏǑNJǔǝǜǔǒnjǛǏǝǎǘNjǛǜnjNJǘǔǗǘǗNJǎǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǒǔǘǖ
@M<
  @GIG< - CC ;    

ǠǥǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǛnjǘǓǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǙǘǎƲǛǜǚǘǓcǷƷƲƵcǷǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǒ  


<%
 <@@  E- V-<G- ǗǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǒǑǨǖǒǗǔǘǓǎǘǖNJNjǥǕǒǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǏǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǘǙǘǩǛNJnjǢǒǏ
?>>M- - @MA-
ǛNJǖǒƷNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǏǍǘǚNJǛǢǒǞǚǘnjǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔnƷNJǝǔNJǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚNJ~ 67 ; <R-  
R)-   ǎǘǖǙǘnjǛǏǖǎnjǝǖǧǜNJǐNJǖƷNJǗǒǐǗǨǨǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǕǏǜǘǖǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǛǜǘǕ
ǒcǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǏǜǡǜǘǐǒǕǒǜǝǜǝǡǏǗǥǏǛcǙǒǛNJǜǏǕǩǖǒǗǘǚNJǛǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjNJǕǒ \<>A &AA, %  ?>@?-
68   <J-- (R  +F % -
NJcǗNJnjǏǚǟǗǏǓNjǥǕǎNJǕǏǔǘǘǜǗǏǛǏǗǗǥǓǘǜǑǎNJǗǒǩnǗNJNjǕǨǎNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ
ǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǎNJǡǗǒǔǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƬǒǔǜǘǚƬǏǛǗǒǗǒcƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƻǏǖǫǗǘnj  
  



ǙǝǗǔǜ~ǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǏǕNJǧǞǞǏǔǜǗNJǩǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥ
@G?>Y@GM>PE  <CC X  -
ƹǚNJnjǗǝǔǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥ  - " 
 ZZO<- J-
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǨǜǖǗǘǍǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƲǕǦǩ
njNJǏǜǡǜǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǛǩǒǟǎǘǖǗǏǙǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǝNJcǔNJǔǧǜǘǡNJǛǜǘNjǥnjNJǏǜnǙǘnjǘǑ B
<' E
B
ƭǘǕǘǛǘnjƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓƫNJǚǟǒǗƵǏnjƺǝǎǗǏnjƶǒǟNJǒǕƶǒǗǔǝǛƪǗǎǚǏǓ

- -"-<~- V-<?- '-F J 
ǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǩǖ~nƬcǑǘǗǏǒǛǜǚǒǗǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǩNjǥǕǔǝǙǕǏǗǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǒǓǎǘǖ %  ?>@H- - ?IQ- ƸǕǦƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƿǚǩǔǘnjƭǏǘǚǍǒǓƶǘnjǡNJǗǒcǎNJǐǏƲnjNJǗƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnj

46 
/


 "
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

nƺǏǢNJǨǣNJǩǚǘǕǦnjcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǏǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐǒǜǜǒ
ǙǒǑNJǠǒǒ~cǷǙǒǢǏǜƶǘǒǛǏǓƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍnjccǍǘǎǝƷǘǜǝǜǐǏǛNJǖǛǏNjǩǙǏ
ǚǏǛǙǚNJǢǒnjNJǏǜǗǏnjǟǘǎǒǜǕǒǧǜNJǑNJǎNJǡNJnnjcǔNJǔǘǏǕǒNjǘǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǏǛcǜǏǖ
ǡNJǚǝǨǣǒǖǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǖǙǘǛǏǕǔǘnjǒcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǛǜǘǕǦnjǥ
ǍǘǎǗǘǘǜǕǒǡNJǕǘǗNJǢǒǛǜNJǚǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǒǏNJǗǛNJǖNjǕǒ#~ƲcǝnjǏǚǏǗǗǘǘǜnjǏǡNJ
ǏǜnƷNJǚǘǎǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘǗǒnjcǔNJǔǘǓǖǏǚǏǗǏǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǛǜǘǩǕǘǑNJǎNJǡǏǜǒǙǒǑNJ
ǠǒǒƷNJǚǘǎǗNJǩǖǝǎǚǘǛǜǦǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǕNJǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǜNjǘǚǕǝǡǢǏǍǘǒǑǛǘǑǎNJǗǗǥǟ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǍǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǏǗǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǖǒǘǔǗNJǖǒǒcǔǘǖ  ) 
 - ;  ǜǒǙǘnjƸǗNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǏǘǜnjǏǚǍNJǕNJǗǘǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǙǘǎǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǕNJǙǘnjǜǘǚǏ
E  $

ǙNJǔǜǗǘǛǜǦǨcǷǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǏǍǘnjǛǏǍǘǔnjǖ ƲcnjǛǏǐǏǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǡNJǣǏǎNJǡNJǘNj      E  
ǗǒǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǓȁǘǗNJǗǏǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǕNJǔcǜǚNJǞNJǚǏǜǝǒcǔcǘǎǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǨnjcǑNJǛǜǚǘǓ
ǟǘǎǒǜǛǩNjǏǑNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥNJcǎNJǡǗǒǔǒcǷNjǏǑNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjnƲnjNJǗƪǗǎǚǏǏnjǒǡ  % B X- ǔǏNJcǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǖǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǖǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǍǘǝnjǩǑǔǘǓ
1939
ǗNJNjǚǘǛNJǕǧǛǔǒǑǞNJǗǏǚǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJǛcǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǔNJǖǒǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǓ ǛcǖǏǛǜǘǖǛcǚǏǕǦǏǞǘǖǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǚNJǑǗǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǒcǖǏǕǘǡǏǓ
72
ǔǝǟǗǏǓǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǔǘǓNJcǏǣǏǡǏǚǏǑǙǘǕǡNJǛNJNjǥǕNJǚNJǛǛǡǒǜNJǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗNJǩǛǜǘ ǘǗNJǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǕNJǒǑǝǖǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǏǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏnjcǘNjǕǒǔǏǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~ 
69
ǒǖǘǛǜǦǜNJǔǘǓǎNJǡǒcǷǘǔǘǕǘǚǝNjǕǏǓǙǚǒǛǜNJǝǡNJǛǜǗǒǔNJǟǔǘǘǙǏǚNJǜǒnjNJ~  ƹǘǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒnjǛǏǧǜǒǜǏǑǒǛǥǑnjǝǡNJǕǒǛǙǚNJnjǏǎǕǒnjǘǗǘǔNJǔ
ƼNJǔƪǎǚǒNJǗƺǝǎǘǖǒǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǒǛǜǘǚǒǨnjǘǑǗǒǔǗǘnjǏǗǒǩnjccǍǘǎǝǑǗNJ NjǥǕǘǝnjǩǑNJǜǦǒǟnjcǗǘnjǘǓǙǘǕǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǒcǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ#ƭǒǗǑ
ǖǏǗǒǜǘǓƫNJǚnjǒǟǒcǷǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǔǘǘǙǏǚNJǜǒnjNJnƷǘnjǦ~ǎǕǩǛǘǜǚǝǎǗǒǔǘnjƺNJNjǘǡǏ NjǝǚǍǒcnjǏǎǘǖNJǩǒǖƻǏǔǠǒǩǜǒǙǒǑNJǠǒǒƻǜǚǘǓǔǘǖNJƺƻƾƻƺǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǜǚǘ
ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓǒǗǛǙǏǔǠǒǒƭǏǚǘǓǚNJǛǛǔNJǑNJcǷǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǓǏǏǚNJNjǘǜǗǒǔǒǗ ǒǜǦǗNJǛǏǕǏǖNJǕǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǏǜǒǙǘnjǥǏǎǘǖNJǒǑǛNjǘǚǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǑNJnjǘǎǛǔǘǍǘ
ǐǏǗǏǚƴNJǢǒǗnƬǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǏǎǘǖǘnjǗNJǡǒǗNJǕǘǛǦǛcǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǔǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJƮǕǩǡǏǍǘǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǙǘnjǛǏǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǗǏNjǘǕǦ
ǔNJǚǔNJǛNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǑNJǜǏǖǘNjǢǒnjNJǕǛǩǛcnjǗǏǢǗǏǓǒcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǞNJǗǏ ǢǒǟǑNJnjǘǎǘnjǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǦǗNJǗǒǟǒǑǖǏǛǜǗǥǟǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǔNJǚ
ǚǘǓNJcǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒǑNJǛǥǙNJǕǛǩǜǘǚǞƴǚǥǢǒNjǥǕǒǘǛǜǚǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǥǖǒǒcǜǘǐǏ ǔNJǛNJǒcǞǒNjǚǘǕǒǜǘnjǥǏǣǒǜǥNJcǑNJǜǏǖǖǘǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǒǟǗNJǖǏǛǜNJǟǛcǙǘǖǘǣǦǨ
ǙǘǔǚǥnjNJǕǒǛǦǞNJǗǏǚǘǓǡǜǘǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǗǥǖǒcǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǣǒǓǍǘǎ ǕǏǍǔǘǍǘǔǚNJǗNJƸǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍǔNJǔǗNJǖǒǚǘnjǘǓǘǙǥǜǜNJǔǒcǗNJǧǔǛǙǏ
  . -
ǏǏnjǏǑǎǏǑNJǖǏǗǒǕǒǎǚNJǗǔǘǓǒǕǒǜǘǕǏǖƹǘǕǥǗNJǛǜǒǕNJǕǒǛǦ ǚǒǖǏǗǜǥNJǔǠǒǘǗǏǚǗǘǍǘǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJnƻǜNJǗǎNJǚǜ~ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǘƹǏǚnjǥǓ
;  
- @GA>P ǎǘǣNJǜǥǏ ȁ"ƬcǎǘǖǏNjǥǕǘǔǘǖǗNJǜǥǖNJǕǏǗǦǔNJǩǔǝǟǗǩ ǚNJNjǘǡǒǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔnjcƲnjNJǗǘnjǘƬcnƻǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǏ~ǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǒǜNJǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥ
ǒcǙǏǡǔNJǛcǎǝǟǘnjǔǘǓǒcǡǝǍǝǗǗǘǓǙǕǒǜǘǓƹǘǎǘNjǣǏǓ ǔNJǔƴǕǏǓǗƬǏǛǗǒǗƭǘǕǘǛǘnjƴǘǕǕǒƵNJǗǍǖNJǗƴǘǔǘǚǒǗƬǏǍǖNJǗƬǝǜǔǏNJcǘǛ
ǔǚǥǢǏǓNjǥǕNJǒcǗǏNjǘǕǦǢNJǩnjǏǚNJǗǎNJƽNjǘǚǗNJǩǗNJ ǗǘnjǗǥǖǒǏǍǘǙǚǒǗǠǒǙNJǖǒNjǥǕǒǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗNJǩ
70
ǟǘǎǒǕNJǛǦnjcǛNJǎǝ~  ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜNJǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǓnjcǣǒǙ ǙǚǒǖǏǗǩǕNJǛǦNjǘǕǜǘnjNJǩǛNjǘǚǔNJ 
ƭǕNJnjǗǥǖnjcǧǜǘnjǚǏǖǩǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǛNJǖǞNJǔǜǗNJǕǒǡǒǩ ƹǚǘǐǒǕnƻǜNJǗǎNJǚǜ~njǛǏǍǘǜǚǒǍǘǎNJ Ƕ NJcnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǎNJǡǒNJcǏǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǏǛǝ ǏǍǘ ǑǗNJǖǩ ǙǘǎǟnjNJǜǒǕǘ ǜǘnjNJǚǒǣǏǛǜnjǘ nƷǘǚǎ~ ǘǚǍNJǗǒǑǘnjNJnj njc ƵǏǗǒǗǍǚNJ
ǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗǘǎNJǐǏǒcǚǒǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǘƬǥǛǘnjǥnjNJǜǦǛǩ ǎǏǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǘǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǣǒǜǘnjǘǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ
njǘǘNjǣǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǘǙNJǛǗǘǒcǡǏǖǗǏǑNJǖǏǜǗǏǏǜnjǘǓ ǒcnjǥǎNJnjNJǩnjcǍǘǎǙǘǜǥǛǩǡǔnjǖǣǒǜǘnjƬccǍǘǎǝǒǑǗǒǟNjǥǕǛǘNjǚNJǗ
ǎǘǖǜǏǖǕǝǡǢǏƮNJǡNJǖǏǜǔǘǑNJǖǏǡNJǏǜƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ǙǏǚnjǥǓǘǙǥǜǗǥǓǎǘǖǖNJǚǔǒnǃ~ ǙǚǘǏǔǜƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǗǛǜǒǜǝǜNJ
ƱNJNjǏǕǦǢNJǗǛǔǒǓnǧǜǘǘǞǘǚǖǕǏǗǒǏǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǙǚǒ ǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǓ ǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǦǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘNjǥǕNJnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǢǒǚǒǗNJǛǜǏǗǗǘǍǘ
njNJǜǗǘǛǜǒcǷǜǘǍǘǡǏǍǘnjcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏNjǥǜǦǗǏǎǘǕǐ ǣǒǜNJNjǥǕNJǔǚNJǜǗNJǚNJǛǛǜǘǩǗǒǩǖǖǏǐǎǝNjNJǕǔNJǖǒǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǩNJcǜNJǔǐǏǝnjǩ
69 X 
 <-"- ) 
ǗǘǜǘǡǜǘǍǘǛǙǘǎǛǜnjǝǨǣNJǩǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǩǒcǍǘǛǝǎNJǚ !
E- '-F V  ?>>G- 72 #
 <'-W- ^ B  % B ǑNJǗNJǛcǢǒǚǒǗǘǓǣǒǜǘnjǔǚǥǢǒƬcǙǘǕǗǘǖǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒǛcǧǜǘǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǝǛǜǚǘǓǛǜnjǘnjcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏǚNJǑǚǏǢNJǨǜǗǘ 70 V $-
71
  E   E
P
ǏǓǎǘǖNjǥǕǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǖǎnjǝǟǛǏǔǠǒǘǗǗǥǖǛcǎnjǝǟǔǘǖǗNJǜǗǥǖǒǔnjNJǚǜǒ
71 w :
<#-!- N CC B<CC E
 X @GA@
ǛǜNJǚNJǨǜǛǩǗǏǑNJǖǏǡNJǜǦ~  ( ;  X 
+- @GG= \<G- -<IQ- \<H- -<A=- ǚNJǖǒNJcǏǍǘǎǏǜNJǕǏǓNjǥǕǒǛǘNjǚNJǗǥǔNJǔǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǘǚǒcǗǏǙǘǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǒ

48 
$
 -
ǗǒǔNJǔǘǓ ǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǓ ǘǜǎǏǕǔǒ  B /
    
ǢǒǗǛǜnjNJǒǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǥNjǥǕǒǒǖǏǗǗǘǞǒǗǛǔǒǏ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǢnjǏǎǛǔǒǏ
ƻǗNJǚǝǐǒǎǘǖǒǔNjǥǕǘǡǏǗǦǙǚǘǛǜǗǘ 
B (@@PR"+- R ǒcǔNJǗNJǎǛǔǒǏ ǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜǔǒ
@GI>PE
ǑNJǜǘ ǘǜǖǏǗǗǘ ǘǛnjǏǣǏǗ njǗǝǜǚǒ ƯǛǕǒǎǘǖnƷƬ~ǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǠǘǖnǎǏ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

NJcǘǔǗNJǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǘNjǤǏǎǒ ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ~ǜǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǥƭǏǘǚǍǒǩƭǘǕǦǠNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘǗǎǏǕNJǏǜ
ǗǩǕǒǛǦǙǘǎǘǔǘǗǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓǡǜǘ njcǶcǍǘǎNJǟcǷǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǢNJǍǗNJǑNJǎǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǝnjǩǑNJǜǦǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJ
ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǘ ǟǘǎ Ʒǘǩ ƼǚǘǠǔǘǍǘ ǕǒǑNJǠǒǨǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǛcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓǛcNJǚǟǏǜǒǙǘǖǒǑNjǥƽcǧǜǒǟ
njc ǁNJǍǘǎǏ ǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǨǣǒǓ ǙNJǗǘ ǙǘǡǜǒǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǟǙǘnjǒǎǝǎǘǖǘnjǛcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǖǒǔǚǘnjǕǩǖǒǏǛǜǦǚǏǑǗǥǏǗNJ
ǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏ ǕǒǡǗǒǔǒ ǎNJǏǣǏǛcNjNJǚǘǡǗǥǖǒnjǘǕǨǜNJǖǒ ǗǘǘǗǒǘǜǜǏǗǩǨǜnjǥǩnjǕǏǗǗǝǨǗNJ
ƫǘǕǏǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǖNjǥǕ ǞNJǛNJǎǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨǎǘǖNJnjǛǏǎǘǖNJ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜƻǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǐǒǕǛǜǚǘǩcǷǎǘǖnƷƬ~ƱǎǏǛǦnjǛǏǣǒǜǥ njǔǕǨǡNJǩǖǏǐ ǖǘǗǜǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǒǑǛNjǘǚǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ
ǧǜNJǐǗǥǏǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǩ ǎǏǕNJǕǒǛǦǑNJǚNJǗǏǏǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǗǥǖǒNJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘnjǛǏ ǣǒǜǘnjƭǘǕǦǠǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǢǏǛǜǦǜǒǙǘnj
ǘǗǒnjǔǕǨǡNJǕǒǛǦnjcǚNJNjǘǜǝǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǕǘǙǚǒǖǏǗǩǜǦǚNJǑǗǥǏ ǎǘǖǘnjǗNJǘǎǗǘǖǙǕNJǗǏǒcǙǚǘǎǏǖǘǗ
njNJǚǒNJǗǜǥǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒnjcǙǚǏǎǏǕNJǟǘǎǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJƬcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘ ǛǜǚǒǚǘnjNJǕǡǝǎǏǛNJǒǑǘNjǚǏǜNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ
ǛǎnjǒǍNJǜǦǛǏǔǠǒǒǎǏǕNJǜǦnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǘǙǒǚNJǜǦnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǗNJ njcǚNJNjǘǜǏǛcǧǜǒǖǝNjǘǍǒǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖ
ǛǜǘǕNjǥNJcǡNJǛǜǦǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǜǦǗǏǑNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǓǜǘǏǛǜǦǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǓǎǕǩ ǎǘNjǒnjNJǩǛǦǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǩǒcǎNJǐǏǐǒ
ǙǚǘǟǘǎNJƮǕǩǖNJǛǛǘnjǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǜNJǔNJǩǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜǘǚǒǔNJ njǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒƸǙǏǚǒǚǝǩǧǕǏǖǏǗǜNJǖǒ
NjǥǕNJǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǖǢNJǍǘǖnjǙǏǚǏǎǗǘǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǛnjǘǏǘǗNJǙǘǕǝǡǒǜnjcǏǍǘǎǥ # 
 # - ;  ǑNJnjǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩǘǗǙǏǎNJǕǒ

%     P
njcǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟǞǒǗǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjNJcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǣǒǜǘnjǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒnjcǛnjǘǨ /
    

-
ǚǝǏǜǒǟǛǜǥǔǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǗNJǔǕNJǎǔNJ
ǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǎǘǕǍǘNjǝǎǝǜǗNJǑǥnjNJǜǦǛǩnǞǒǗǛǔǒǖǒ~cǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘnjcǘǛǗǘnjǝNjǘǕǦ @GAIY@GAM ǖǒ NJcǜǏǖNJǢnjNJǎǘǕǍǘNjǝǎǏǜNjǘǕǏǑǗǏǗ
R U ǗǘǓnjcǟǚǝǣǏnjǛǔǘǓǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǑNJǢǒnjNJǩǣǒǜǥ
R-<R  -<R
E-
U 
B
ǎǘǛǔNJǖǒnjcǚNJǑǗǘǖǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ
$
     ǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǧǕǏǖǏǗǜNJǛǜNJǚNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǠnjǏǜǘnjǘǓǔǘǗ

   
 <! : 

- @GA=
ǜǚNJǛǜcǷǜǏǖǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǒcǛnjǏǜǕǥǏǣǒǜǥǒǕǒǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
ƹǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǓǐǏǙǘǙǥǜǔǘǓǙǘǐǏǗǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǒcǔǘǗnjǏǓǏǚnjcǛǜNJ
ǕǒǗǛǔǘǖƻƻƻƺǛǜNJǗǝǜǎǘǖNJƷNJǜNJǗNJƸǛǜǏǚǖNJǗNJ NjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǚNJǟǚǝǣǏnjǘǔ 
ƸǗǛǜǚǘǒǜǒǟnjccǍǘǎǝnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏƫǘǕǢǏnjǘǧǜǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǣǒǜǘnjǥǏǎǘǖNJ
ǗǘǗǏNjǏǑǙǚǒǩǜǗǥǟǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjƹǚǘǛǜǘǚǗNJǩǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǒcǧǚǔǏǚ
njcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǎnjǏǔǘǖǗNJǜǥnjNJǗǗNJǩǒcǜǝNJǕǏǜǏǛǜǦǜNJǔǐǏǜNJǖNjǝǚǒcǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩ
ǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǕǒǢǗǒǟǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǘnjǒcǖǘǚǏǛnjǏǜNJƲǖǏǗǗǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǣǒǜǘnjNJǩ
ǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǩǛǜNJǗǏǜNjǏǑǚNJǑǎǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǙǘǎǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǎNJǡNJǟnjǜǘǚǘǓ
ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥƿƿnjǏǔNJǗǘǧǜǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǓǔǘǖǞǘǚǜNJNjǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǒǑ
ǗǏǏǔǝǎNJǜǘǒǛǙNJǚǒǜǛǩ
R U
R-<R  -<R
E-
U 
B
$
    

   
 <! : -
1948

50 
  ǘǜnjǏǚǍǗǝǜǘǍǘƺǝǛǛǔNJǩǜǏǖNJǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǎǘNjǚǘǙǘnjǛǏǖ
ǞǚǘǗǜNJǖnjccǍǘǎǝnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǞǒǕǦǖƹǝǎǘnjǔǒǗNJ
    nƶǒǗǒǗǒcƹǘǐNJǚǛǔǒǓ~njcƫǘǕǦǢǘǖnjǘǛǛǜNJǗNJnjǕǒ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

njNJǏǜǛǩǘǙǏǚNJnƲnjNJǗƻǝǛNJǗǒǗ~NJcnjcƮǘǖǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘ
ǚNJǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǎǏǔNJǎǗǒǔǙǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƹǘ
ǏǍǘǒǜǘǍNJǖnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǛNjǘǚǗǒǔnjcǙǚǏǎǒǛǕǘnjǒǒǔcǔǘǜǘ
ǚǘǖǝƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƴǘǕǕǒǙǒǢǏǜnƶǥǎǘǕǐǗǥǗNJǝǡǒǜǦ
ǢǒǚǘǔǒǏǔǚǝǍǒǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǚǘǎNJǕǨNjǒǜǦǚǝǛǛǔǝǨ
75
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǏǏǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒ~ ƻNjǘǚǗǒǔnjǥǟǘǎǒǜ
Ƭ c Ǎǘǎǝ Ǚǚǘǟǘǎǒǜ ǙǏǚnjǥǓ ƬǛǏǛǘǨǑǗǥǓ ǘǜǔǚǥ  x  
- njccǍǘǎǝǒcnjcǜǘǜǐǏǍǘǎǗNJǖǏǔǒǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǒǑǝǨǜǛǩƪǚǔNJǎǒǓƶǘǚǎnjǒǗǘnj
NEv$B
ǜǥǓǔǘǗǔǝǚǛǗNJǙǚǘǏǔǜǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǘǍǘƮǘǖNJǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥ   <%  
ǛǜǚǘǒǜǗNJƫǘǕǦǢǘǓƹǘǕǩǗǔǏǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖǎǏǔǘǚNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǛǜNJǗǘ
ǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘǎNJǗǘcǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjNJcǕǝǡǢǒǏǒǑǗǒǟ x    $B- @GAH njǒǜǛǩǠǏǚǔǘnjǦƫǕNJǍǘnjǏǣǏǗǒǩnjcƴNJǚǍǘǙǘǕǏ  ǒcǧǜǘǔNJǔǎǘǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǜǘǚǒǔ
njǥǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥnjcǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǖƮǘǖǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJƸǎǗNJ ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƻǏǎǘnjǙǏǚnjǥǓǛǕǝǡNJǓǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǒǩǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǔcǚǝǛ
76
ǔǘǐǨǚǒnjcǝǐNJǛǏǗǏcǙǚǒǛǝǐǎǏǗǘǗǒǙǏǚnjǥǟǗǒnjǜǘ ǛǔǘǓǜǏǖǏ ƪcǐǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻƻƻƺ~ǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǠǒǔǕ
ǚǥǟǙǚǏǖǒǓǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǚǏǜǦǒnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǝNjǥǛǜǚǘǑNJǔǚǥ ǙǝNjǕǒǔNJǠǒǓǘcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǏƻǜNJǜǦǨǝǡǏǗǘǍǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƻǘ
njNJǨǜNJcnnjnjǒǎǝǗǏǝǎǘnjǕǏǜnjǘǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǘnj NjǘǕǏnjNJǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǝǨǐǒǕǦǨ ǩǗnjNJǚǦnjǛǏǜǘǍǘǐǏǍǘ ǒǕǕǨǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜ
ǔǘǗǔǝǚǛNJ~ǔcǎǏǕǝǚǏǢǏǗǘǙǚǒnjǕǏǡǦǖǧǜǚǘnjƷǘnjcǡǏǖ ǛNJǖNJǩǎǚǏnjǗǩǩǗNJǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜǒǑNjNJƺǘǛǛǒǒcǷǎǘǖnjcƷǏǗǘǔǛǏcǍǘǎNJ
ǐǏǎǏǕǘ#ƬǛǏǙǘǙǥǜǔǒǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǑǘǎǡǒǟǛǘǡǒǗǒǜǦǒǑ ƬǘǓǗNJǘǜǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǏǜǎNJǕǦǗǏǓǢǏǏnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏǗNJǖǏǔǘnjǗǘǑNJǜǘ
ǎǏǚǏnjNJǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǑǎNJǗǒǏǗǏǙǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǔǘǗǡNJǨǜ  x  
- ;  ǏǣǏNJǔǜǒnjǗǏǏnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǖǗǘǍǘǏǒǑǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƮǖǒǜǚǒǩƮǘǗǛǔǘ
ǛǩǟǚNJǖǘǖǒǕǒǔNJǔǒǖǜǘǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǍǘǗNJǙǘ     - @GAM ǍǘǒcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƷǏnjǛǔǘǍǘǠǏǚǔǘnjǦǘǚǎǏǗNJǒcǑnjNJǗǒǩǛNJǖǝǜǏǖǝnǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ
ǖǒǗNJǨǣǒǖƬǛǩǔǘǏǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǏǔcnjǥǛǘǜǗǘǓǎǘǖǒǗNJǗǜǏnjǥǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǢNJ ǗNJǚǘǎNJ~ƹǘNjǏǎNJnjcnjǘǓǗǏnjǑnjǒǗǡǒnjNJǏǜǍǚNJǎǝǛǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǑǖNJǎǘǒǛǜǏǚǒǡǏǛǔǘ
ǜǏǚnjǛǩǔNJǩǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǘǞǘǚǖǒǜǦnjǟǘǎǘNjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǠǏǚǔǘnjǗǥǖǔǚǥǕǏǡǔǘǖ ǍǘǘǗǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǒǜnjcNjǘǚǦNjǝǛcǔǘǛǖǘǙǘǕǒǜǒǑǖǘǖƸǗNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǙǘǚǥnjǛǘǑǎNJǜǦǏǎǒǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǎǕǩǖNJǛǛǘnjǥǟǖǏǚǘǙǚǒǩǜǒǓǛcǜǘǓǐǏ njcǜǘǜǐǏǍǘǎnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏǑNJǕǘǐǏǗǥǛǏǖǦnjǥǛǘǜǘǔNJcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒ
ǗǏǙǚǏǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǨnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǔcǔNJǞǘǕǒǔǘǗǝƪcǍǚǝǙǙǒǚǝǩǔǚǝǐǔǘnjǥǏǙǘ ǔǘnjǙǚǒǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǔcǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒǒǟǎNJǕǦǗǏǍǘǙǚǏǎǔNJcǷƽǛǙǏǗǛǔǘǓǠǏǚǔnjǒ
ǖǏǣǏǗǒǩnjǘǔǚǝǍǑNJǕNJƭǏǗǚǒǟƵǨǎnjǒǍǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǗNJnjǥǟǘǎǏnǎnjǏǗNJǎǠNJǜǏ   ~- ; 
BE
  
ǚǒǔ~ǔNJǔǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘǏǣǏǗǏǑǗNJǕǘ ǎNJǐǏǎǏǛǩǜǏǚǒǔǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǝǏǜ <- @GAH
njcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǧǔǑǏǖǙǕǩǚǏ 
ƪǛǒǕǝǧǜǔǕǝNjNJnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǏƸǕǏǍNJƬǝǜǔǏǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǕǒǑǘǔǔcǡNJ
ǛǘnjǗǏ njcǔǕǒǗǡNJǜǘǏǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǏnjǚǏǑNJǗǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǢNJǜǏǚǛcǙǩǜǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǓ
ǑnjǏǑǎǘǓ ǡǜǘǑNJǔǘǙǏǚǣǒǔǔǘǗǔǝǚǛNJƺǘǖNJǗƿǒǍǏǚnjǥǗǝǐǎǏǗǗNJǑnjNJǜǦnjǏǣǒ
ǛnjǘǒǖǒǒǖǏǗNJǖǒnƸǗnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǕǛǒǕǝǧǜǒcǞǘǚǖǥǛǜNJǚǒǗǗǘǓǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǓ
ǠǏǚǔnjǒǒcǗNJǑnjNJǕǧǜǘƮǘǖǘǖǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥǗǘǙǘǡǏǖǝǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǥǓƮƴǎǘǕǐǏǗ
NjǥǜǦǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǠǏǚǔǘnjǦ#ƬǏǎǦǖǥǒǣǏǖǘNjǚNJǑNJǗǘnjǘǓǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ 73 .
<X-W- " B  

ǚǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǎǘǕǐǗNJNjǥǜǦǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗNJǛǜNJǚǘǓǠǏǚǔǘnjǗǘǓǎǘǖǒǗNJǗǜǏ < E B    B CC (-


73 E
 X+ @GIH \<I- -<AQ-
ǛǏǕNJǒcǙǚǏnjǑǘǓǜǒǏǏǙǘǛǒǕǏǒcǘǛǜǚǘǜǏnjǘǑǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǩ~ ƷǘǚǘnjǗǘnjcǜǘǖǐǏ 74 . 
€ CC (E
 X+
@GIH \<I- -<QI-
ǗǘǖǏǚǏnƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~ǍǎǏƿǒǍǏǚǍǚǘǖǒǜƬǝǜǔǏǡǒǜNJǏǖǡǜǘǗNJ 75 X E
- N  B

ǓǛǏǛǛǒǒƬǛǏǛǘǨǑǗǘǓNJǔNJǎǏǖǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnNjǥǕǘǑNJǛǕǝǢNJǗǘǛǘǘNjǣǏ % 
B <
<
-
  %   E
 <' -
ǗǒǏǜǘnjƭNJNjǏǘcǛǜNJǚǘǓǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƴNJǚǏǕǒǒǒcnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǩǟ  <%  @GIG< - ;  -
74 "--<a
 - '-F P -
ǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǩǏǏǞǘǚǖǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǏǗǘnjǘǓǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǒ~   X @GA>- -<M-

ƺǝǞǒǗǝƭNJNjǏNjǘǩǜǦǛǩǝǐǏǙǘǑǎǗǘǏǖǝǑNJNJcǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǘǗ 76  <"-"- N $


BE   -
E
  ' 
 
< -
ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcƶǏǎnjǏǐǦǏǍǘǚǛǔǏǡǝǎǏǛǗǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǎNJǗǒǏnjǘǔǑNJǕNJ ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒ  $
   B <E
-
 
 
CC
ǕǘǛǦǒcǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗǒǚǝǏǜ ǍǎǏǔNJǔǚNJǑǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕǜǏǐǏǞǘǚǖǥƪcnjcǔǘǗǠǏǟ "
 '   

-

ǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩǙǘnjǛǏǖǏǛǜǗǘƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩnjǘǑǍǘǗǔNJǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǑǖNJ - 


<=-  
- '-F  -
 '   


ǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǗNJǩǙǘǎǍǘǜǘnjǔǘǓǔcnjǘǓǗǏǚǏNJNjǒǕǒǜǒǚǝǏǜǖǗǘǍǘǏǒǑǙǘǛǙǏǢǗǘ ?>@=- \<I- - @AA-

52 
njcƴǘǗǎǘǙǘǍǏƬǘǎǗǒǙǚNJǑǎǗǘnjNJǗǒǩǕǏǜǒǩƶǘǛǔnjǥǏǏǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǝǔǚNJǢNJ ƬǏǛǦǖNJǘǎǘNjǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǠǏǗǒnjNJǏǜƪǣǏǙǔǘnjǒcǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝưǏǕǏǑ
ǨǜǔǒǘǛǔǒǜǏǚǏǖǔǒǒǑNjǚǏnjǏǗƸǎǗNJǑNJǎǚǝǍǘǓǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǔǗǒǍǒǘcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖ ǗǘǎǘǚǘǐǗǘǍǘǒcǐǒǕǥǏǎǘǖNJǍǘǔnjNJǚǜNJǕNJƶNJǍǗǒǜǘǍǘǚǛǔNJ ǙǚǘǏǔǜƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǏƲnjNJǗNJƶNJǔǘnjǏǠǔǘǍǘ  ƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ ƵǏnjǒǗǛǘǗNJƪǗǎǚǏǩƸǕǩǒcƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǩƻǒǖǘǗǘnjNJ ǒcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǘǛǦǖǒǔnjNJǚ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ƪǣǏǙǔǘnjNJ  ǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǥnjcnƲǛǜǘǚǒǨǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǜǒǚǗǥǏǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǏǎǘǖNJnjcƷǘnjǘǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǏ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǥƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjNJ ǍǎǏ


NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~ǙǒǢǏǜƹǏǜǚƶNJǔǛǒǖǘnj   ƪǣǏǙǔǘnjǐǒǕǒcǚNJNjǘǜNJǕnƼǒǖǙNJǗǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJǘNjǚNJǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓ
ƷNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǒǛnjǩǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǒcǛcǚǝ ǔǚǥǢǏǓǘNjǢǒǜǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǗǥǖǒnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘnjǗNJǟǕǏǛǜǔǝƼNJ
79
NjǕǏǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖƬccǍǘǎǝƲnjNJǗưǘǕǜǘnjǛǔǒǓǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐ ǔǘǓǙǚǒǏǖǛǘǑǎNJǏǜnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǩǚǝNjǔǒǛǜǏǗǥ~ ƼNJǔǒcǜǚǝǎ
ǗǥǏǎǘǖNJnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏưǏǕǏǑǗǘǎǘǚǘǐǗǥǓǒcǎNJǡǗǥǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǗNJccǎǘǖǘnj ƪǣǏǙǔǘnjNJǛǘǑǎNJǏǜnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǡǜǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJ
ǘǔǘǕǘǛǜNJǗǠǒǒƴǚǨǔǘnjǘ  ƬcǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǧǜǒǎǘǖNJǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǒǛǦ ǏǜǛǩcǷǧǜǘǙǏǚnjNJǩnjcƻƻƻƺǔǗǒǍNJnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǙǏǚǏNjǚǘǢǏǗǖǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǛǜNJǚǘǓ
njcNjNJǚNJǔǒǛcǎǏǔǘǚǘǖNJcnjǘǜnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟǍǎǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǖǘǜǒnjǥǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜNJǨǜǛǩ ǏǏǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǔcǗǘnjǘǓƷǘǘǗNJǐǏǒcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǩǩǛǘǛǖǏǚǜǦǨƻǜNJǕǒǗNJnjǛǙǕǏǛǔ
ǛcǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǛǔǒǖǒǘǗǒnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǒǘǡǏǗǦǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘƴǘǖǙǘǗǘnjǔǘǓǘNjǤǏǖǘnj ǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǖNJǙǘǓǎǏǜǗNJǝNjǥǕǦnjǏǚǢǒǗǥǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǡǗǘǎǘǛǜǒǍǗǝnjcNJnjǍǝ
ǘǎǒǗǒǑǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǓǎǘǖnǔǘǢǏǕǏǖ~ǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǎǏǜNJǕǒcǷ ǛǜNJcǍǘǎNJnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏǘǜǔǚǘǏǜǛǩƮǘǖǖǝǑǏǓƬǒǔǜǘǚNJƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjNJnƺǘǖNJǗ
ǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǏǙǩǜǗNJǘǔǘǗǛcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒǗNJǍǕǝǟǘǓǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒǛǜǏǗǥcǷǘǜǛǥ ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǖƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjNJǘǔǘǗǡNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǞǘǚǖǒnjǢǒǓǛǩnjcǍǘǎǥ
ǕNJǕǒǔcƺǏǗǏǛǛNJǗǛǝƮǘǖNJǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJǡNJǕǒǛǦǎǕǩnjǥǛǢǏǍǘǍǏǗǏǚNJǕǒǜǏǜNJ ǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJ--- ǒcǙǚǒnjǏǎǢǒǓǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJnjccǍǘǎǝnjcǚǩǎǥNJǗ
njcǙǏǚnjǘǖǝǚǘnjǗǏǎǘǖNJǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǒǛǦNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǎǘǖǚNJ ǜǒǛǏǖǒǜǛǔǘǍǘ ǽƻǘǨǑNJǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǚǘǎNJǻ ǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǜǗǥǗǏǛǘǑnjǝǡǏǗ
NjǘǜǗǒǠǥNjǒǕǦǩǚǎǗNJǩNJcnjǘnjǜǘǚǘǖcǷǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǛcnjǥǟǘǎǘǖǗNJ ǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǝnjǘǛǙǒǜNJǗǒǨǒcǛǜǒǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǜǘǙǒǔǏǧǙǘǟǒǙǘǑǎǗǏǍǘ
N  "- - ) 
ǜǏǚǚNJǛǝnƸǗǙǘǗǒǖNJǕǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕưǘǕǜǘnjǛǔǘǍǘƶǒǟNJǒǕƻǒǗǩnj < "

 -
ǛǜNJǕǒǗǒǑǖNJǖǘǕǡNJǙǚǘǛǜǒnjǢǏǍǘǙǘǔǘǓǗǘǖǝǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǝǛǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǒǏǡǏǚ
77 80
ǛǔǒǓcǷƯǍǘǛǜǘǕǩǚǔNJcǷǧǜǘǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏƻǜǚNJǎǒnjNJǚǒ~  J  @GA>PE ǗǘǛǘǜǏǗǠNJǖǒcǗǏǕǨNjǘnjǦǔcNjǘǕǦǢǏnjǒǔNJǖ~ 
ƬǜǏǐǏǍǘǎǥǎǏǕNJǏǜǙǚǘǏǔǜ   ~- ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖnjcǛǏǕǏƬǒǚǩǜǒǗǘƼNJǖNjǘnjǛǔǘǓǘNjǕNJǛǜǒǗǏcǑǗNJ
U v$B $
B  
njǘǛǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǒǩƲǛǜǚǥƪǕǏǔǛǏǓǃǝǛǏnj <   - @GAQ
ǕǒǗǒǘcǔNJǔǒǟǧǜNJǙNJǟǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ƹǘǖǒǖǘǍǏǗǙǕNJǗNJǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǑǎNJǗǒǓ ǗǥǏǎǘǖNJƴNJǔnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcǙǘnjǛǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǏnjǘǜǜǘǕǦǔǘ
! 
 !E
-
ǒcNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjNJǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠǒcǜǝǚ U 
B  $
nNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓ~ ǗNJǑnjNJǜǦ ǒǟ ǛǕǘǐǗǘ ƷǏǎNJǚǘǖ ǒc ǘǜ
NjNJǑ ǚNJǑǚǝǢǏǗǗǥǓnjǘǓǗǘǓǍǘǚǘǎǎǘǕǐǏǗ <%   J 
 - ǡǏǜ ǘNj NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ƬǒǚǩǜǒǗǘ ǖǥ ǗNJǟǘǎǒǖ njc ǐǝǚǗNJ
@GAAY@GAM
NjǥǕnjǘǑǚǘǎǒǜǦǛǩǔNJǔnǍǘǚǘǎǑǎǚNJnjǗǒǠNJ~  ǕǏ nƻǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩ ǧǜǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǩ~ nƫǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘ Ǘǘnjǥǟ
ǃǝǛǏnjǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜǒcǐǒǕǝǨǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨ ǎǘǖǘnj ǚǝNjǕǏǗǘ njc ǕNJǙǝ ǡǜǘ ǘNjǕǏǍǡNJǏǜ ǘNjǢǒnjǔǝ ǎǘ
ǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝ Ƭc NJǚǟǒnjǏ ƶǝǑǏǩ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǖǘnj ǜǏǛǘǖ ǒc ǛǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩ ǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǒǔNJǖǒ NjǘǕǏǏ ǔǚNJǛǒ
81
ǚǥǖǘǐǗǘnjǒǎǏǜǦǛNJǖǥǏǚNJǑǗǥǏǜǒǙǘǕǘ njǥǖ~  ƴǚǘǖǏ ǜǘǍǘ nnjc ǛǏǕǏ ǗNJNjǕǨǎNJǏǜǛǩ NjǘǕǦǢǘǏ
ǍǒǒǜǝǜǒcǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǘnjǥǓǎǘǖ ǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǏ ǔc ǖǗǘǍǘǔǘǖǗNJǜǗǘǛǜǒ Ƭǘ ǖǗǘǍǒǟ ǎǘǖNJǟ
ǒcnjǘǛǦǖǒǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǗǥǓǡǏǓNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǘNjǤǏǖǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǛǘǡǏǜNJǏǜǛǩǛcǚǏǑǗǥǖǒ njc ǍǘǚǗǒǠǏ ǑNJǗNJnjǏǛǒ Ǚǘ ǘNjǏǒǖ ǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǖ ǍǘǕǕNJǗǎǔǒ
ǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǘnjǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǘnjǒcǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǎǘǖǗNJǎnjǏǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǥǛcǗǏ ǑNJǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩ ǜǏǛǘnjǥǖǒ ǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔNJǖǒ ǜNJǔǒǖ ǘNjǚNJ
ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǟNJǕǜǝǚǗǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǘǓ ǃǝǛǏnjǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǎnjǏǛǏǖǦǒǎǏǕǒǜǦǘǎǗǝ Ǒǘǖ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǜ ǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ƹǘǕǝǡNJǨǜ ǚNJǛ
ǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǒcǔcǗǏǓǐǏǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǏǜǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ƹǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǘnjcǛǒǕǦǗǘǝǙǚǘǣǏǗǗǘǖ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǒǏǡǏǜǥǚǏǟǔǘǖǗNJǜǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǛǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǏ
njǒǎǏNjǥǕǘǕǒǢǦǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǖǘnjǗNJƴǘǘǙǏǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǓǝǕǒǠǏ ǒǑǔǝǟǗǒǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǍǘǚǗǒǠǥǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ȁ"ƻǘnjǛǏǖ
ƬcǍǘǎǝƫǘǚǒǛƫNJǚǟǒǗǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǜǚǘǒǜǦnƸǞǒǠǏǚǛǔǒǓǙǘ 77 `
- % F .P '  <-U- 
ǙǘǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǝ ǔǝǚǛǒnjǗNJǢcǷƷƶ njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǎǘǖƹƯcƹǝǡǔǘnjNJǙǘǛǜǚǘ
ǛǏǕǘǔ~njcƴǘǛǜǒǗǘ ǗǥǗǏcǷǡNJǛǜǦǍǘǚǘǎNJƴǘǚǘǕǏnjNJ LJǜǘǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnj x  
- '-F T  (X
 ǏǗǗǥǓǒǖnjccǍƻǗNJǚǝǐǒǎǘǖǘNjǢǒǜǒcnjǥǔǚNJǢǏǗnjcǔǘǚǒǡǗǏnjǝǨǔǚNJǛǔǝ
 + ?>@>-
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǝǙǚǘǣǏǗǒǨǗǏǙǘǎnjǏǚǍǕǒǛǦǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘNjǥǕǒǘǡǏǗǦǠǏǕǦǗǥǖǒǙǘ 78 /% <*-- X    ǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒǎǘǖNJǑǏǕǏǗǥǏǔǚǥǢNJǐǏǕǏǑǗNJǩǛǘǛnjǏǜǏǕǔǘǓƲǑǗǝǜǚǒǛǜǏǗǥ
ǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒǒcǘǜǎǏǕǔǏNJcǜNJǔǐǏǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒ ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǘǛǦǜǚǒǎǘǖNJǗNJƭnjNJǚ   - '-F #  
ǘNjǢǒǜǥǒcǘǢǜǝǔNJǜǝǚǏǗǥƮǘǖǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗNJǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǓǠǏǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓ

  E
B
<  -
ǎǏǓǛǔǘǓǝǕǒǠǏ ƼǒǙǘnjǘǓǔǘǛǜǒǗǛǔǒǓǎǘǖǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǏǗ ǔǝǟǗǩǒcǍǘ 
  @GM>- -<G@- ǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜnjǥǛǘǜǘǓnjccǖƹǘǎǙǘǕǘǖǝǛǜǚǘǏǗǍǕǝNjǘǔǒǓ cǖ ǠǏǖǏǗ
79 V $- -<GM-
ǛǜǒǗNJǩcǷǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩcǷǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖ ǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǐǏ 80 !  <J-- [s ‚s‚{je- T - ǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǙǘǍǚǏNjƬǟǘǎnjcǙǘǍǚǏNjcǷǛcǑNJǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǝǛǜǚǘǏǗ
82
ǏǖǝǙǚǒǎNJǏǜnjǥǛǘǔNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǗNJǎǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǘǞǘǚǖǕǏǗǗǥǓǚǏǑǗǥǖǒ  B $B     -
ǗǘǓ njǎǘǕǦ ǑNJǎǗǏǓ ǛǜǏǗǥ njǥǟǘǎǩǣǏǓ njǘ ǎnjǘǚ~  ƷNJǔǘǗǏǠ nǝc ǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǒ
B- '-F R)U ?>>G- -<@H>-
ǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒnƽǎNJǡǗǘǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǘnjǖǏǐǎǝǍǕNJǎǦǨǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǓǛǜǏ 81 _
$
 <)-R- a <'-R-  - ǔǘnjǑNJǖǏǜǗǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǏǝǔǚNJǛǒǜǦǛnjǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏƬcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǟ
     
ǗǥǒcǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǖǒNJǐǝǚǗǥǖǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒǒcǔǚǥǕǦǠNJǖǒǛcǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǛǜǘǕNjǒǔNJ $

/ CC   v 
-
ǎǘǖNJǟǖǘǐǗǘnjǒǎǏǜǦǚǏǙǚǘǎǝǔǠǒǒǛcǔNJǚǜǒǗǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǥǟǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘnjǜNJǔ
ǖǒcǷǙǒǢǏǜƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƪǣǏǙǔǘnjcǷǛǘǑǎNJǏǜnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǛǒǕǥǒcǗǏǐǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǒ @GMM \<@- -<HH-
82 V $- -<HQ-
ǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǝcƪƴcƶNJǜǚǘǟǒǗNJnjǛǏǛǜǏǗǥǝnjǏǢNJǗǥǚǏǙǚǘǎǝǔǠǒǩǖǒǔNJǚǜǒǗ
78 83
ǛǜǚǘǍǘǓǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓǒcǛǎǏǚǐNJǗǗǘǛǜǒǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnj~  83 V $- -<Q>- ƵǏnjǒǜNJǗNJƹǘǕǏǗǘnjNJƻǏǚǘnjNJ~ 

54 
3    ǘǍǘǚǘǎǗǒǡǏǛǜnjǏǒcǛNJǎǘnjǘǎǛǜnjǏǚNJNjǘ
ǡǒǟǒcǛǕǝǐNJǣǒǟ~NjǥǕǘǙǘǎǙǒǛNJǗǘǏǣǏ
cǞǏnjǚNJǕǩcǍǘǎNJcǷǗNJǞǘǗǏǙǘ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǛǕǏnjǘǏǗǗǘǓǚNJǑǚǝǟǒǑNJǛǝǟǒǒcǍǘǕǘ
ǎNJƸǗǘNjǥǕǘǎNJǐǏǣǏǎǚǏǏǛǘǜǘǔ
njǥǎǏǕǩǕǒǛǦnjcǡǏǚǜǏǍǘǚǘǎNJNJcǑNJǏǍǘ
ǙǚǏǎǏǕNJǖǒcǷnjǛǏ
ƷǘnjcǙǘǕǗǝǨǛǒǕǝǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǚNJǑnjǘǚNJ
ǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǝǐǏǙǚǒƿǚǝ
nƮNJǡǗǒǔǕǏǜǡǏǚǏǑǎnjNJǎǠNJǜǦǚNJǑǖǗǘǐǒǜǛǩǎǘǗǏǘNjǥǡNJǓǗǘǛǜǒƼǏǙǏǚǦǘǗǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǣǫnjǏcǷǎNJǜNJǔǡǜǘnjccǍǘǎǝnjǕNJǛǜǦ
ǡNJǓǙǦǏǜǗNJNjNJǕǔǘǗǏǗǘnjǏǎǦǖǘǐǏǜǛǕǝǡǒǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǗNJǛnjǘǏǓǘǎǗǘǓǎǏǛǩǜǒǗǏ ǎNJǐǏǑNJnjǘǕǗǘnjNJǕNJǛǦǗǏǙǚǘǔǕǨǗǝǜ
ǘǗǑNJǓǖǏǜǛǩǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǘǖ~cǷǧǜǘǙǚǏǎǛǔNJǑNJǗǒǏƯǚǖǘǕNJǩƵǘǙNJǟǒǗNJǛNjǥǕǘǛǦ T  
- ǛǩǕǒnjcǍǚNJǐǎNJǗNJǟǔǘǖǖǏǚǡǏǛǔǒǏǒǗǛǜǒǗǔǜǥǒcǗǏǛǜNJǗǝǜ
NB  
 <RV
ǛǙǝǛǜǩǙǘǕnjǏǔNJǔǘǍǎNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦǗǏnjcǛǒǕNJǟǙǚǘǔǘǚǖǒǜǦǛnjǘǒǟǍǚNJǐ %   
 -
ǕǒǘǗǒǗNJǐǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǗNJǛNJǎǘnjǘǘǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǒǑǕǒǢǔNJǟƷǘ
ǎNJǗǛǎNJǕNJǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǗNJǑNJǎnjcnjǘǙǚǘǛNJǟǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǗNJǑǏǖǕǨǒcǚNJǑǚǏǢǒǕNJ T  
-
<%  (a   +- ǜǝǜǐǏǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǘǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǔǚǒǑǒǛǠǏǕǒǗNJǗǏ
2018
ǘǗǝǨǘNjǚǏǜNJǜǦƹǚNJnjǎNJǕǒǢǦnnjcNjǏǛǛǚǘǡǗǘǏǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏ~ǒcǘǡǏǗǦǗǏNjǘǕǦ NB  
 <RV ǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǖǏǛǜNJǟcǷǍǘǕǘǎ njccǍǘǎǝǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜ
%   
 -
ǢǝǨcǷǚNJǑǖǏǚǘǖǍNJƸNjǥǡǗǘǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜǡǜǘǧǜǘǑNJǛǕǝǍNJƿǚǝǣǫnjNJǗǘ  %  (a   +-
njǘǛǛǜNJǗǒǏnjcƷǘnjǘǡǏǚǔNJǛǛǔǏ ƻƻƻƺǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǑNJǔǝǙNJǜǦǑǏǚǗǘǑNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǓ
ǙǏǚnjǘǏǙǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǒǏƻǘnjǖǒǗNJƻƻƻƺnƸcǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǖǒcǒǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǦǗǘǖ 2018 ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǝǐǏnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǟǎNJǡǗǒǔNJǖǜǘǚǍǘnjNJǜǦnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǚNJǑǚǏǢǒǕǒ
ǡǜǘǞǒǔǛǒǚǝǏǜǞǒǕǦǖnƫǏǚǏǍǒǛǦNJnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǩ~  nljcǜǘǚǍǝǨǔǝǕǝNjǗǒǔǝ
njǥǚNJǣǏǗǗǝǨǛnjǘǒǖǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǒǚǝǔNJǖǒ~cǷǙǚNJnjǏǎǗǥǖǍǗǏnjǘǖǍǚǏ
ǖǒǜǍǏǚǘǓƪǗNJǜǘǕǒǩƹNJǙNJǗǘnjNJNJcǗǘnjǥǖǎǏǞǒǠǒǜǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǔǚǥǢǏǡǔǒ
ǎǕǩNjNJǗǘǔǛcǔǘǗǛǏǚnjNJǖǒ
ƸǍǘǚǘǎcǷǧǜǘǙǏǚnjǘǏǡǜǘǚNJǑǕǒǡNJǏǜǛNJǎǘnjǘǘǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǝǡNJǛǜǘǔ
ǒcǎNJǡǝƲǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǠǝǝǕǘnjǒǜǦǚNJǑǕǒǡǒǏǛǕǘǐǗǘǗǘnjǛǩǔǒǓǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘ
njǏǔǩǛǗǘǙǘǗǒǖNJǕǡǜǘǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǛcǝǜǚNJǎǘnjǏǡǏǚNJǔǘǙNJǨǜǛǏǨǜǙǘǕǨǜǙǘ
ǕǒnjNJǨǜǔǘǗǛǏǚnjǒǚǝǨǜǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǩǛǏǖǦǨnjǒǜNJǖǒǗNJǖǒǗNJnjǛǨǑǒǖǝNJcǗNJ
ǎNJǡǏcǷnjNJǕǩǨǜǛǩnjcǍNJǖNJǔǏǛǒǎǩǜǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǏǒcNjǏǑǔǘǗǠNJǛǜNJnjǩǜǛNJǖǘnjNJǚLJǜǝ
ǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǛǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǕǔǛǜNJǜǒǏǣǏǁǏǟǘnjƹǚǒǎǝǖNJnjǛnjǘǏǓǙǦǏǛǏǗNJ
ǑnjNJǗǒǏnƬǒǢǗǏnjǥǓǛNJǎ~ǘǗǎǘǕǍǘǗǏǖǘǍǙǘǗǩǜǦǡǜǘnjcǗǏǖǗǏǜNJǔƲcnjǎǚǝǍ
ǏǍǘǘǑNJǚǒǕǘnƷǏǽnjǒwǢǗǏnjǥǓǻNJcǽnjǒǢǗǫnjǥǓǻǽƬǒǢǗǏnjǥǓǛNJǎǻcǷǧǜǘǎǏǕǘ
njǘǓǔǘǖǖǏǚǡǏǛǔǒǓǛNJǎǙǚǒǗǘǛǩǣǒǓǎǘǟǘǎȁƷǘǽnjǒǢǗǫnjǥǓǛNJǎǻǎǘǟǘǎNJǗǏ
84
ǙǚǒǗǘǛǒǜȁǚNJǛǜǏǜǒcǠnjǏǜǏǜǎǕǩǙǚǒǟǘǜǒǎǕǩǍǕNJǑǒǑNjNJǕǘnjNJǗǗǥǟǧǛǜǏǜǘnj~ 
ƷǘǏǛǜǦǒcnjǜǘǚǘǏnjNJǐǗǘǏǚNJǑǕǒǡǒǏcǷNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƮNJǡNJcǷǘǗNJ
ǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǛǜNJǚNJǩnjǛǩnjcǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟǒcǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟǛcǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJ
ǛǘǓǒǕǒnjǏǚNJǗǎǘǓƮǘǖǒǔǐǏǗNJǛNJǎǘnjǘǘǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕNjǥǜǦ
ǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǖ njcǘǜnjǏǜǗNJǡǜǘǝǢǕǥǏǎNJǡǗǒǔǒǍǚǘǖǘǑǎǒǕǒǡǏǚǎNJǔǒǒcǖNJǗǛNJǚ
ǎǥ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǏǍǘǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǔnjcǖnjcǎǘǖǏǑNJǙǚǏǣNJǕǘǛǦǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏ
ǙǏǡǔǒǒǕǒǘǜǘǙǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǔǘǜǕNJǗNJǚǝǢǏǗǒǏǖǛǡǒǜNJǕǘǛǦǜNJǔǐǏǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǒǏnjǏ
ǚNJǗǎǥǒcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǍNJǚNJǐNJƬǒǗǘnjǗǥǟǢǜǚNJǞǘnjNJǕǒcǷnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǛǗǘǛNJ
ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǖǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǒǙǘnjǘǖǝǙǚǘǏǔǜǝǒǗǎǒnjǒ
ǎǝNJǕǦǗǥǏǚNJǑǚǏǢNJǕǒnnjcnjǒǎǏǒǛǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǩ~ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǒǑǙǚǘǠǏǛǛNJǛǗǘnjNJ
ǒǑǥǖNJǏǜǛǩ ǘǜǚǥnjNJǜǦǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǘnjǘǜǎǏǕNJǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǒ
84 
 
<J-- -;-< _E  ǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǛǜǚǘǍǘǑNJǙǚǏǣNJǏǜǛǩ ǛǜǚǘǩǜǎNJǡǔǒnNjǚǒǍNJǎǥ~cǷǗNJǗǩǜǥǏ ǡNJǛǜǘǑNJ
<. $   CC
njǘǎǔǝ ǢNJNjNJǢǗǒǔǒƪcǏǣǏǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǖǘǍǕǒǒcǘǜǘNjǚNJǜǦcǷǏǛǕǒǒǗǛǙǏǔǜǘǚǘNj
-;-<_E  < % 

E  -

 - '-F #.) @GH>- D- A@@- ǗNJǚǝǐǒǜǡǜǘǘǗǗǏnjǘǑǎǏǕǥnjNJǏǜǛǩȁƬǛǏǧǜǒǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǒǩ ǛǖǩǍǡǏǗǗǥǏǕǒǢǦ

56 
;
$ B 
njcǏǍǘǎǥ NJcǚNJnjǗǘǎǏǞǒǠǒǜǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǙǚǒnjǏ %
%   
ƴǔǘǗǠǝǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǎNJǡǒNjǥǕǒǝc ǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǩǛǜǚNJ
ǕǒǔcnjǘǑǗǒǔǗǘnjǏǗǒǨǘǡǏǗǦǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǡǏǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ %   B  
- ǗǥǧǜǘǍǚǘǖNJǎǗNJǩǠǒǞǚNJǒcǙǘǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǞǏǗǘǖǏǗǚNJǛǛǏǕǏǗǒǩƴcǛǘǐNJ
E    
ǚǥcǷNjǥǛǜǚǘǓNjǏǎǗǘǓǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǓǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜǘ ǕǏǗǒǨǧǜǘǜǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǖǒǚǜNJǔǒcǗǏǛǜNJǕǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǘǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǟǒǛ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓƬcǜǘǖǏǣǏǛǖǥǛǕǏǡǜǘǘǗNJǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnj ǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǓǘǛǜNJnjNJǩǛǦǝǎǏǕǘǖǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǛǜǘnjcǷǜNJǔǒǟǔNJǔǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞƾǏǎǘǚ
ǗǘǖǏǗǩǕNJǛǦǕNJǜNJǕNJǛǦǒcǎǘǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǕNJǛǦ ƻNJnjǒǗǠǏnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛcǕǨNjǘnjǦǨǒcǖǏǜǘǎǒǡǗǘǎǘǔǝǖǏǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǎNJǡǒ
ƷǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǙǘǙǚNJnjǎǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJNjǥǕNJ ƷǘǝǟǘǎǒǜǧǜǘǜǖǒǚǗNJǍǕNJǑNJǟNJcǑNJǣǒǜǒǜǦǏǍǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǧǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
ǜǝǜnjcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏǗǏnjNJǐǗNJƮNJǡNJnjcƻƻƻƺǒǖǏǕNJǛǜNJ ǛǜnjǘǡNJǛǜǗǘǓǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǒcǗǒǔNJǔǒǏǛǜǘǗǥǒǑǑNJǑNJNjǘǚNJǜǝǜǗǏǚNJNjǘǜNJ
ǜǝǛǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǗǘǎǘǖNJǎǚǝǍǘǍǘNJǕǦ ǨǜƸǎǗNJǔǘǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǎNJǡNJǖǒnjcƻƻƻƺǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕǘǜǏǙǕǒǜǦǛǩǒcǘǞǒǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǏ
T  
-
ǜǏǚǗNJǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǝƸǗNjǥǕǙǚǘǜǝǡNJǛǜǗǝǨ  %  (a   +-
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘcǷǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǏǒcǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏǗǘnjǛǏǐǏ
ǐǒǑǗǦǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǗNJǢǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNjǥǕǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǕǒǢǏǗ 2018 ǑNJǛǕǝǐǒnjNJǨǣǏǏǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǓǍǕNJnjǥ
nƷNJǢ~cǷnjcǛǖǥǛǕǏnǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓ~ǜǘǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJ
ǜNJǔǛǒnjcNjǝǕǘǡǗǝǨǗǏǏǑǎǒǜƲcǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǘǖ
ǧǜǘNjǥǕǘnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛnjǘǓǎǘǖǛnjǘǓǛNJǎǒcǘǍǘǚǘǎ
ǙǘǡǜǒǗNJǛǜǘǩǣNJǩǡNJǛǜǗNJǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǒcǗNJǛǜǘ
ǩǣNJǩǡNJǛǜǗNJǩǐǒǑǗǦƲcǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǎǚǥnjNJǕǘ
ǝǛǜǘǒǧǜǝǐǒǑǗǦǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǒǚǘ
njNJǜǦNJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘnjcǗǏǓǑǚǏǕǒǚǘǛǜǔǒǗǏǎNJǕǏǔǘǍǘ
NjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘnLJǜǘNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǑǗNJǗǒǏǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǏ
njcǛǘǛǜǘǩǗǒǒǙǚǘǔǘǚǖǒǜǦǛǜǚNJǗǝcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǙǒǛNJ
ǜǏǕǦƪǗNJǜǘǕǒǓƻǜǚǏǕǩǗǥǓcǷƵǨǎǒǛcNjǏǛǙǚǒǖǏǚ
ǗǥǖǙǥǕǘǖǗNJNjǚǘǛǒǕǒǛǦǗNJǧǜǒǛnjǘǒǢǏǛǜǦǛǘǜǘǔ
LJǜǘNjǥǕǛcnjǒǎǝǕǏǍǔǒǓǗǘǛǜǚNJǢǗǥǓǝǎNJǚǙǘǛǘ
ǠǒNJǕǒǑǖǝǙǘǛǕǏǜǩǐǏǕǘǓǜǚǝǎǘnjǘǓǗǏǎǏǕǒǡǏǕǘ
85
U $ $  njǏǔǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǒǕǛǩǒǑǛǘǠǒNJǕǒǑǖNJnjcǔNJǙǒǜNJǕǒǑǖ~ 
(J  
+- X
 
'
E
 !
 - @GHQ
ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǗǏǒǛǙǥ
ǜǥnjNJǕǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǒnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏNjǥǕǘNjǥ
ǗǏǙǚNJnjǎǘǓƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǛǙǥǜǥnjNJǕƲcnjǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǕǜǝǎNJnjǛǨǛnjǘǨǜǘǛǔǝǙǘǎǒǑNJǓǗǝ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǔNJǔǒcǛǏǔǛNJnjcƻƻƻƺǗǏNjǥǕǘ njǛǨǛnjǘǨǎǘǖǘnjǒǜǘǛǜǦnjǛǏǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǒǏ
ǛǒǕǥNJcǜNJǔǐǏnjǛǏǡǜǘǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǝǗǏǛǜǒǛcǚNJNjǘǜǥƴNJǔǒǖǒǢǏǎǏnjǚNJǖǒǙǘǕ
ǗǒǕǒǛǦǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǎNJǡǒƺǝǔǘǖǘǓǗǒǔǒǑNjǝǜǥǕǔǒǕǘǙNJǜNJǒǑǔǘǛǜǥǕǩnǙǘǟǘǎǗNJǩ
ǔǝǟǗǩ~ǛǘNjǚNJǗǗNJǩǒǑǛNJǖǘnjNJǚNJǒcǜNJǡǔǒcǷǛNJǖǥǏNjǕǒǛǜNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǏnnjǥǗǝǐǎǏǗǗǥǏ
njǏǣǒ~ǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƪǚǟǒǙǘnjǛǘNjǚNJǕnjcnƷNJǚǘǎǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓǛNJǖǘǎǏǕǦǗǘǓ
njǏǣǒ~ƷǘǚǘnjǗǘǜǘǐǏǛNJǖǘǏNjǥǕǘǒcǛcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǛǩNjǥǕNJǜNJǔǘǓ
ǐǏnnjǥǗǝǐǎǏǗǗǘǓ~ƲcǔNJǔǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǓǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǛǎǏǕNJǕǘ
ƺǘǛǛǒǨǛNJǖǘǓǡǒǜNJǨǣǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǘǓǜNJǔǒcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǗǘǍǘǖǒǚNJǛǎǏǕNJǕǘ
ǏǏǛǜǚNJǗǘǓǒǑǘNjǚǏǜNJǜǏǕǏǓǒcǎǘǖNJǢǗǒǟǖNJǛǜǏǚǘnjƷǒǔNJǔǘǏǎǚǝǍǘǏǟǘNjNjǒ Ǘǒ
ǖNJǚǔǒǗǒǞǝǜNjǘǕǗǒnjǥǐǒǍNJǗǒǏ ǗǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǕǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǜNJǔǙǘǕǗǘ
ǛNJǖǘnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǦǛǩLJǜǘNjǥǕǘǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǙǘǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǨǒcǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ
ǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǚNJnjǗǘǍǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǗǏǑǗNJǕNJǗǒǘǎǗNJǎǚǝǍNJǩǛǜǚNJǗNJƬcǗǏǖNjǥǕNJǗNJǛǜǘ
ǩǣNJǩǙǘǧǑǒǩǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǛǜǒǛǨǚǚǏNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǛǜǒnƹǘǎǕǨNjǥǖ 85  B<-- J 

ǒǑǧǜǒǟǽǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǦǗǥǟǙǘǎNjǘǚǘnjǻǛcǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǏǖNjǥǙǘǎǙǒǛNJǕǛǩƬǕNJǎǒ <$ (a   + CC ;-
86  <)-#- (R
- R: v-
ǖǒǚƼNJǜǕǒǗ~ cǷǛǔNJǑNJǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƪǗǎǚǏǓƭǘǑNJǔǙǚǘǛNJǚNJǒnjcǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǥǟ @GQ>+-

ƻǗǏǍǒǚǩǟǙǘǛǜNJnjǒnjǒǟǑNJǘǎǗǘnjcǚǩǎǛcǧǔǛǙǘǗNJǜNJǖǒǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒƫǏǚ 86 # <-;- x
 
 
 CC
( E
B 
+ @GGG
ǗNJǚǎNJƺǝǎǘǞǛǔǒnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJNjǏǑNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnj~ ƶǘƶƪƷǦǨƳǘǚǔ  \<@ &AH,-

58 
ƲǔNJǔNjǥǗǒǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǒǛǦǗNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǧǜǘ
ǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǖǏǗǩǏǜǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǗǏǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩNjNJǑǘnjǥǏǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǥcǷǗǒcǙǘǕǒǜǒ
ǡǏǛǔǒǏǗǒǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǏƿƿǛǤǏǑǎƴƹƻƻǘNjǏǣNJǕǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǗNJǛǏǕǏǒǗ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǦǗǘǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǗǘƿǚǝǣǫnjǘNjǧǜǘǖNjǥǛǜǚǘǑNJNjǥǕǒcǝnjǕǏǔǛǩ
ǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǏǖNJǍǚǘǍǘǚǘǎǘnjcǷǙǥǜNJǩǛǦǙǚǒǎNJǜǦǛǏǕǝǘNjǕǒǔǙǚǒNjǕǒǐǏǗǗǥǓǔcǍǘ
ǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǝƷǘǎǕǩǧǜǘǍǘǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘǛǔǘǗǠǏǗǜǚǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǒǕǥǜNJǔnjccǍǘǎǝǙǘ
ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǏǖNJnǕǒǔnjǒǎNJǠǒǒǗǏǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǦ~ǒǑcǜǥǛǩǡnjcǐǒ
njǥǟǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǏǗǘǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǜǥǛǩǡ ǛcǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǜǥǛǩǡǒǡǏǕǘnjǏǔ 
NJcǐǒǜǏǕǏǓǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǟǙǏǚǏǎǒǛǕǘǠǒǚǘnjNJǜǦnjcǜǏǛNJǖǥǏNJǍǚǘǍǘǚǘǎNJƷǘnjǛǔǘǚǏ
cǒǨǕǩcǍǘǎNJǗNJǜǚǏǜǒǓǎǏǗǦƸǕǒǖǙǒNJǎǥnjcǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǖƶǝǑǏǏNJǚǟǒ ǟǚǝǣǏnjǛǔǒǏǖǏǚǥǙǘǚǏǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǒǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǍǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjNJNjǝǎǝǜǙǚǒǑǗNJǗǥnǙǏ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǘǜǔǚǥǕNJǛǦnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJnƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘ~ƷNJǔNJǗǝǗǏǛǘ ǚǏǍǒNjNJǖǒ~ǛNJǖǘǍǘǏǍǘǘǜǙǚNJnjǩǜnjcǘǜǛǜNJnjǔǝNJcnǚǏǢNJǨǣǒǓǙǏǚǏǕǘǖǗNJǛǜǝǙǒǕ
ǜǚǝǎǗǒǔǒǖǝǑǏǩǗNJǚnjNJǕǒǙǘǕǏnjǥǟǠnjǏǜǘnjǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjcǑNJǕNJǟǙNJǟǕǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǙǘǛǕǏǖNJǚǜǘnjǛǔǘǍǘ cǍǘǎNJ ǙǕǏǗǝǖNJǀƴƴƹƻƻ~cǷǙǒǢǏǜƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƭǕNJ
88
ǛnjǏǐǏǛǜǚǝǍNJǗǥǖǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǔNJǔNjǥnjcǘNjǕǘNjǥǕǒǛǘNjǚNJǗǥǛǜǏǗǎǥ ǑǥǡǏnjnƸNjNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǛǏǕNJǗNJǡNJǕǒǎǝǖNJǜǦǙǕNJǗǘǖǏǚǗǘǗNJǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǝ~ 
ǧǔǛǙǘǗNJǜǘnjnjcǟǚǘǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǒǎǏ ƻǧǜǒǖǙǘnjǘǚǘǜǘǖǛǘnjǙNJǎNJǏǜǑǗNJǖǏǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǛǎnjǒǍnjcǝǖNJǟƹǘ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƻǏnjǏǚNJƹǘnjǘǕǐǦǩǒcƻǒNjǒǚǒcǷǜNJǔǘǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǗǘǓ ǖǏǚǏǜǘǍǘǔNJǔǒǎǏǩǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǑǖNJǙǏǚǏǛǜNJǏǜǠǏǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǘNjǣǏ
njǥǛǜNJnjǔǒnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǏnjǚǏǖǩǏǣǏǗǏNjǥǕǘƹNJǚǝǛǜǏǗǑNJǗǒǖNJǕǒǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǛǘ ǛǜnjǘǒcǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǏǜǒǚǝǏǜǛNJǖǝǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǢǏǛǜǒǎǏǛǩǜǥǟnjcNjǝǎǝǣǏǏnjǘǑ
njǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjcǷǘcǗǒǟǞǒǑǒǔǒǑƶǘǛǔnjǥǘǛǜNJnjǒǕnjcǔǗǒǍǏǘǜǑǥnjǘnj ǗǒǔNJǏǜNJǕǦǜǏǚǗNJǜǒnjNJcǷǙǚǘǢǕǘǏƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǡǜǘƹǏǜǚƬNJǓǕǦǒcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ
ǜNJǔǝǨǑNJǙǒǛǦnƬǥǛǜNJnjǔNJǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǗǚNJnjǒǕNJǛǦǔǚǘǖǏNjǏǑǎNJǚǗǥǟǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǥǟ ƭǏǗǒǛǎNJǜǒǚǝǨǜǙǏǚǏǕǘǖǜǏǖǐǏǛNJǖǥǖcǍǘǎǘǖnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜƬǛǏǚǘǛǛǒǓ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǒcǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗNJǽƺǝǛǦǻcǷǙǘǜǝǍNJǗNJǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǗǤǨǗ ǛǔǘǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǘǘǟǚNJǗǥǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǘnjǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǒcǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥ ƬƸƸƹƲǒƴ ǛǜǚNJǗNJ
ǔǜǝǚǣǒǗNJƽǐǕǝǡǢǏǜNJǔǘǓǖNJǚNJǑǖǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǒǑǙǕNJǛǜǖNJǛǛǥǒǕǒǔNJǔǒǟǗǒNjǝǎǦ ǛcǚNJǑǖNJǟǘǖǙǚNJǑǎǗǝǏǜǕǏǜǒǏƻǏǚǍǏǩƯǛǏǗǒǗNJnƲǖǏǗǗǘǜǘǍǎNJǗNJǘNjǕǘǐǔNJǟ
ǙǏǗǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjƷǏǕǦǑǩǜNJǔǙǘǚǜǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǘǗǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǐǒnjǘǏ~ ǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǟǐǝǚǗNJǕǘnjǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǖǘǗNJǛǜǥǚǒnjcǍNJǑǏǜNJǟcǷǛǜNJǜǦǒǘcǙǚǩǗǒǔNJǟ
ƴǛǘǐNJǕǏǗǒǨǜNJǔǘǏǝǗǥǕǘǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǙǚNJǔǜǒ J
  
 ǒcǙǚǩǕǔNJǟǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔƺǘǜǢǒǕǦǎNJǙǘǜǚǩǛƻǝǑǎNJǕǦ
( <B
ǡǏǛǔǒnjǛǩǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǶǟǍǘǎǘnjƷǘǏǣǏǝǎǒnjǒ
<   B+- @GM>
njcǛǜǒǟNJǟǑNJǖǏǕǦǔNJǕǒǗNJǟǘǎǔǒǒǑǛǕǘnjNJǚǩƮNJǕǩNjǘǡNJǍǒǔǚǒ
ǜǏǕǦǗǏǏǜǘǡǜǘǘǗNJnjǘǘNjǣǏNjǥǕNJcǷǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘǐǒǕǒǣǗǘǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘ J
 
 

ǗǒǠǥǖǘǔǚǏǜǦnjǘǢǕǒnjcǖǘǎǝƭǕǏNjǥƴǒǚǒǕǕǥƲnjNJǗǥǔǚǝǐ
NjǥǕǘǙǏǚǏnjǏǎǏǗǘǗNJǚǏǕǦǛǥǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗNJǒcnjcǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓ (  +- @GH= ǗǥǖǙǝǜǏǖǡǏǚǏǑǙNJǚǒǐǛǔǒǓƮǘǖƮǒǘǚNJnjǘǑnjǚNJǜǒǕǒǛǦǐǏǗ
ǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǜǏǐǏǛNJǖǥǏǙǩǜǒǧǜNJǐǔǒǧǜǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǘǛǦnǙǚǏǘǎǘǕǏ ǛǔǒǏǛNJǙǘǍǒǒcǢǝNjǥnjcǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗNJǟnjǖǏǛǜǘ
ǗǒǏǖǚNJǑǕǒǡǒǓǖǏǐǎǝǍǘǚǘǎǘǖǒcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǓ~ƸǎǗNJǔǘǗǏǝǎǘnjǕǏǜnjǘǚǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ ǙǚǘǞǒǜǚǘǕǏǓǙǘǎNJnjNJǕǒǚNJǛǛǜǏǍNJǒnjcǠǏǗ
ǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜNJǖǒǧǜǘǓǚǏǞǘǚǖǥ NJcǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǜǒǙǘnjǥǏǙNJǗǏǕǒnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǒǘǛǘ ǜǚNJǕǦǗǘǓǙǏǡNJǜǒǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǘǡǏǚǔǒNjǝǎǝ
NjǏǗǗǘǝǎǚǝǡNJǨǣǏ ǎǒǔǜǝǏǜǚǏǎǔǒǏǙǘǙǥǜǔǒnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩǔcǎǏǚǏnjǝƷǘǔǘǗǏǡ ǣǏǍǘǔǚǝǙǗǏǓǢǏǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔNJƬNJǕǏǗ
ǗǘǜǘǐǏnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘcǷǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǧǜǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǏ ǜǒǗNJƺNJǛǙǝǜǒǗNJ ȁ"ƲǗǜǏǚǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏ
ǎǘǖNJǛcǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏǖǙNJǗǏǕǩǖǒǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǚNJǑǗǥǟǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǎǏǚǏnjNJǞNJ ǟǕǘǙǘǜǥǑNJǛǕǘǗǒǕNJǑNJNjǘǜNJǘcǚǘǎǗǘǓǙǚǒ
ǗǏǚǥǎǚǏnjǏǛǗǘǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗǥǟǙǕǒǜ Ʈƻƹ ƹǏǚnjǥǓǜNJǔǘǓǎǘǖǛcǙNJǗǏǕǩǖǒǒǑ ǚǘǎǏȁcǷǑNJǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǒǘNjǘNjǖǏǕǏǗǒǒǚǏǔ
89
ƮƻƹǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǛǘǑǎNJǕǒǝǔǚNJǒǗǛǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƬcƴNJǠǒǗǒcƱ ǁǏ ǒǛǜǘǣǏǗǒǒǑǏǖǏǕǦnjǥǚǝNjǔǏǕǏǛǘnj~ 
ǡǒǔƬcǗNJǡNJǕǏǟǍǘǎǘnjNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǗNJǎǏǐǎǥnjǘǑǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǩǗNJNJǚNjǘǕǒǜǘǗǐǏ 87 J
 <R-"- E
 P
ƲǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǔNJǔnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǧǜǒǖǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǘNj
nǎǚǏnjǘNjǏǜǘǗ~cǷǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǗǥǓǏǣǏnjcǏǍǘǎǥnjcƭǘǕǕNJǗǎǒǒǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǗNJ  
B :
 %
ǚNJǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƹǘǎǛǙǝǎǗǥǓǙǚǘǜǏǛǜ
% 
 


<
 -
 ǛǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǒǑǣǏǙǥǔǘǛǜǚǥǕǦǗNJǒǕǒǔǘǗǘǙǕǒǎǚǘNjǕǏǗǘǓǛǘǕǘǖǥ  BE    CC J -
ǙǚǘǜǒnjǟǚǝǣǏnjǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǙNJǎǗǒǡǏǛǜnjNJǒcǙǚǘ
ǒcǠǏǖǏǗǜNJnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏnjǩǐǝǣǏǍǘƴnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓǖǏǜǚǎǘǖNJǒǑǗǏǍǘǛǜǘǒǜnjǛǏ  <K  < - ǍǚǏǛǛǒǑǖNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǑNJǠǒǩ
V
B $    P
ǍǘǚǝNjǕǏǓǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǖǏǜǚǒǑǔǒǚǙǒǡNJǛǜǘǒǜǚǝNjǕǏǓǒǑǔǏǚNJǖǑǒǜǘNjǏ %
   

- ǙǚǘǢǕǘǍǘǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛnjǘǏǛNJǖǘǏǩǚǔǘǏnjǥ
X   ?AY?=< ?>@>-
ǜǘǗNJcǷǒǑNjǚǝǛNJcǷ ǠǒǞǚǥǗNJcǍǘǎ ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnnjǘnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǏǗNJ '- ?>@>- - @A=-
ǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǜnjcǛǔNJǑǔǏƲcǏǛǕǒnjcǞǒǕǦ
ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǜǘnjǎǘǖǘnjǑNJnjǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩnjcǗNJǢǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǏNjǥǕǘ 88 # B<"-)- 'E <!-- E
P
ǖǏnƬNJǛǒǕǒǛNJƹǚǏǔǚNJǛǗNJǩ~cǍǘǎNJǒǑNjNJ
  F %  B %%-
ǎNJǕǏǔǒǖǘǜǝǚǘnjǗǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǗǒǓcǷǔǘǗǛǜNJǜǒǚǝǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ 
B<CC E
 X @G=I ǔNJǔǒcǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩnjǛǏǖǝǙǚǏǐǗǏǖǝǖǒǚǝ
\<GY@>- -<QG-
ǗǥǓǝǡǏǗǥǓcǷƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǕǒǛǦǒǑǙǕǘǟǘǙǚǘǛǝǢǏǗǗǥǟ 89 " <;-)- #
<--<H>P- '
 njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǙǘǕǗǘǓǚǝǒǗǘǓǜǘnjcnƶǘǚǘǑǔǘ~
ǡNJǛǜǘǛǥǚǥǟǙǒǕǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjNjǏǑǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǏǓǘNjǚNJNjǘǜǔǒǗǏǛǝǣǒǟ    - '-F R  
 ǜǘǍǘǐǏǖǏǐǎǝǙǚǘǡǒǖƪǕǏǔǛNJǗ
87
   
 @GGH-
ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓǛǚǏǎǛǜnjNJǖǒǎǕǩǑNJǣǒǜǥǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥǘǜǍǗǒǏǗǒǩǒcnjǘǑǍǘǚNJǗǒǩ~  -<?IQ ?A>- ǎǚNJƺǘǝǘǗNJǝǐǏǒǍǚNJǏǜǚǏǑǦNjǘǓǒcǛnjǏǚǔNJǏǜ

60 
ǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒƶǝǕǦǜǒǙǕǒǔNJǠǒǩǙǘǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǏǜǖǝǜNJǠǒǨ njǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐnjǘnjǜǘǚǘǖcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩnjcǜǚǏǜǦǏǖcǷ
ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǜǏǖǥnjc<-<cnjǏǔǏǏǛǕǒnjcnƻǔNJǑǔǏǘcǚǥNjNJǔǏǒcǑǘǕǘǜǘǓǚǥNjǔǏ~  ǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩnjcǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǘǖcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǛcnjNJǗǗǘǓ
ǒǑNjNJǝnjǏǢNJǗNJǎǏǛǩǜǔǘǖǘǡǏǗǦǔǚǝǙǗǥǟǚǏǑǗǥǟǎǏǜNJǕǏǓnjǛǏǟnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǟ ƷNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǏǣǏǜǚǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǒcǜǝNJǕǏǜNJcǙǘNjǘǔNJǖ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǠnjǏǜǘnj ǔNJǔǕǨNjǒǕǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦ ǜǘnjcǖǝǕǦǜǞǒǕǦǖNJǟcnƻǔNJǑǔNJǘcǖǏǚǜnjǘǓ ǎǘǖNJcǷnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǒcǔǚǥǕǦǠǘƬǘǙǕǘǣǏǗNjǥǕǙǚǘ


ǠNJǚǏnjǗǏǒcǛǏǖǒNjǘǍNJǜǥǚǩǟ~  ǒcnƻǏǛǜǚǒǠNJƪǕǏǗǝǢǔNJǒcNjǚNJǜǏǠƲnjNJ ǏǔǜǚǘnjǗǘǎnjNJǚNJǑNJnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏƷǘnjǘnjǩǜǛǔǘǍǘƮƻƴ
ǗǝǢǔNJ~  ǔǚNJǛǔǒǚǏǎǝǠǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǗǘǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǓNjǒǕǒ  ǒcnjcǙǘǚǩǎǔǏnǙǘǔNJǑǝǟǒ~cǷǔcƬǛǏǛǘǨǑǗǘǖǝ
NjǒǗǛǔǒǓǔǘǗǜǝǚ ǔNJǔǝcǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩ NJcnjcǖǝǕǦǜǞǒǕǦǖǏnƬǘǕǔǒcǛǏ ǛǘnjǏǣNJǗǒǨǙǘǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǖǝǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝcǷnjcǙǘ
ǖǏǚǘǔǘǑǕǩǜ~  ǖǥnjǒǎǒǖǝǐǏǍǚǘǜǏǛǔǘnjǝǨnjNJǛǗǏǠǘnjǛǔǝǨǒǑNjǝǢǔǝ ǛǏǕǔǏƻǒǗǏNjǘǚǛǔǏƻcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǛnjǩǑNJǗNJǏǣǏǘǎǗNJ
ƻǟǘǐǝǨǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǨǘNjǚNJǑNJǗNJǟǘǎǒǖǝcǔǚǝǙǗǏǓǢǏǍǘǒǕǕǨǛǜǚNJ ǑNJNjNJnjǗNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩ
ǜǘǚNJǎǏǜǛǔǒǟǛǔNJǑǘǔLjǚǒǩƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjNJǏǛǕǒnjcǔǘǗǠǏǟǒǑNjNJǝcǗǏǍǘǙǚǒ ƬcǍǘǎǝnjcǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǘǖǂǝǢǏǗǛǔǘǖǍǎǏǘǜNjǥnjNJǕ
ǡǝǎǕǒnjNJǒcǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǓǗNJǖǗǘǍǘǧǜNJǐǗNJǛǘǛNjǒǜǥǖǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǘǖ nƴǘǢǔǒǗǎǘǖ~ ǛǛǥǕǔǝƵǏǗǒǗǘǜǔǚǥǜǏǍǘǖǏǖǘǚǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ
ǒcnƼǏǚǏǖǘǔ~ǘNjǏǔǗǒǍǒcǍǘǎNJ ǜǘnjcǏǘǗNJǝǐǏNjǕǒǐǏǔcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ NJcǑNJǘǎǗǘǒcǠǏǕǥǓǖǝǑǏǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJ
ǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒǎǘNjǒǚNJǩǑNJǛǡǏǜǙǘǔǘǛǒnjǢǒǟǛǩǛǜǏǗ nƭǝǛǒǕǏNjǏǎǒ~nƴǚNJ ǗNJǍNJǍǎǏǛǘNjǚNJǗǥǝǐǏǗǏǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǔ
ǎǏǗǥǏǔǘǗǒ~ǘNjǏcǷ NJcǑNJǜǏǖnjǙNJǎNJǏǜnjcǙǘǙǛǘnjǝǨǚNJǑǕǨǕǒǖNJǕǒǗǝ ǜǥnjǥǚnjNJǗǗǥǏǒǑǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǛǚǏǎǥ ǔNJǔnjcƴǒ
nƵNJǎǝǢǔǒ~nƬNJǗǦǔNJnjǛǜNJǗǦǔNJ~ ƬcǜǝǐǏnNjǏǚǏǗǎǏǏǡǗǘǛǜǦ~ǔǕǘǗǒǜǛǩ ǐNJǟ NJcnjǥǛǜǚǘǏǗNJǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǗǩcǎnjǘ
ǒcǖǝǕǦǜǒǙǕǒǔNJǠǒǩ njǏǕǒǔǘǕǏǙǗǘǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǏnƬǘǕǢǏNjǗǘǏǔǘǕǦǠǘ~ ǚǘnjcǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏƻǤǏǑǎǒnjnjcǖǝǑǏǓnjǕǒǩǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ
 ǒcǔǒǗǘcǷǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǞǒǕǦǖnǁNJǚǘǎǏǒ~  ǡNJǛǜǦǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƸǕǏǍǂnjǒǎǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǑNJǩnjǒǕ
ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜnjcǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǛǜǒǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǘǖǙǘǎǒǑNjǥǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǡǗǘǖǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǏ x
   

<?>G

   B

ǡǜǘǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǂǝǢǏǗǛǔǘǍǘǎǘǕǐ
njcƻǝǑǎNJǕǏƪcǎǕǩnƻǗǏǍǝǚǘǡǔǒ~  NjǥǕǒǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǥǜNJǔǒǏǔNJ BE BE ǗNJNjǥǜǦǙǘǎǛǜNJǜǦǎǘǖNJǖǍǎǏǐǒǕƵǏǗǒǗLJǜǘǜǗǏ
ǙǒǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǒǡǜǘǙǘǛǕǏǛǤǏǖǘǔ ǙǚǘǟǘǎǒnjǢǒǟnjcǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǩǟǃǏ % - R @G=>PE
ǜǚǒnjǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǙǘǛǥǕNjǥǕnjǑǩǜǗNJnjǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǙǚǒ
Ǖǥǔǘnjǘ njǛǏǒǑNjǝǢǔǒǙǏǚǏnjǏǑǕǒǙǘǎƴǘǛǜǚǘǖǝǒcǛǎǏǕNJǕǒnjcǗǒǟǎǘǖǘǜǎǥǟNJȁ N 
 yBE    ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǏnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏǟǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǥǟǙǘǛǏǕǔǘnj
   E  
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǏǛǜNJǗǘ B <J

-
ƲǕǦǒǡǏnjǘǒcƻǒǗǏNjǘǚǛǔNJƬcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǖǔcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
njǒǜǛǩƷNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǏǛǕǒnjccǍǘǎǝǒǟǝǎǏǕǦǗǥǓnjǏǛnjcǘNjǣǏǓǔNJǚǜǒǗǏǛǘnjǏǜ R @G=>PE ǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǝǕǝǡǢǏǗǗǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒǙǚǒǕNJǍNJǕǒǛǦ
ǛǔǘǍǘǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǕ ǜǘnjcǖǘǗ ' #
- ǍNJǚNJǐǒcNjNJǗǩNJcnjǛǏnjǖǏǛǜǏǧǜǘǛǜNJǕǘǒǖǏǗǘnjNJǜǦǛǩnǎǘǖǘǖǝǛNJǎǏNjǗǘǍǘǜǒǙNJ~cǷ
;
 B  

ǝǙNJǕǎǘ NJcǔccǍǘǎǝǒcnjǘnjǛǏǎǘ ƪcǔǘǕǒ BE % 
ǜNJǔNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩƲǕǦǒǡǝǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǐǒǕnjcǂǝǢǏǗǛǔǘǖnjcnǝǛNJǎǦNjǏƹǏǜǚǘnjǘǓ~
ǡǏǛǜnjǘǛǏǕǒcǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǦǑNJǕǏǜǛǘǔǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩǗNJ  <J
    
- @G=? njcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝnjǏǚǗǝǕǘǛǦǎNJnjǗǘǚǏǙǚǏǛǛǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǏǙǘǗǩǜǒǏ
ƹǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǖǙǚǘǚǥnjǘǖnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǛǏǕNJǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩ x
   <%  
ƷǘǧǜǘǗǏǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǜǘnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨNJǚ
ǘNjǤǏǖǗǘNjǕǘǡǗǘǏǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏ ƸƫƮ ǒcǙǝǛǔǎnjǝǟǎǘ 
  J  ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝnjcǔǘǗǠǏǟǍǘǎǘnjƸNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗǥǛǒǗǏNjǘǚǛǔǒǏǎǘǖNJǛǜǚǘǍNJǗǥǖǒ
- R @G=>PE
ǖǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜǘnjcǷƴNJǕǒǗǒǗǛǔǘǍǘ ƼnjǏǚǛǔǘ ǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǗNJǞǘǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǑNJǒǍǚNJǕǒǚǏǑǗǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥƲǟ ǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǔǚǝǙǗǥ
Ǎǘ ǒcƷǘnjǘnjǩǜǛǔǘǍǘǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǒǑǒǚǝǨǣǒǟǛǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJ ǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǙNJǗǏǕǩǖǒǎǕǒǗǘǓǒccǖǏǜǚNJ ǛǜNJǕǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǦƷǘnjǘ
ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǙNJǗǏǕǏǓƭǕNJnjǗǥǏǒǟǙǚǏǒ njǩǜǛǔǒǓǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜ ǙǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǖƭǒǙǚǘǕǏǛǙǚǘǖNJ ƹǘǎǑǘǚǥǙǘǕǘǜǏǗǠNJǙǚǒ
ǖǝǣǏǛǜnjNJcǷǎǏǢǏnjǒǑǗNJǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦǒcǛǔǘǚǘǛǜǦǖǘǗǜNJǐNJ ǡǏǕǒǗǥǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǎǏǕNJǨǜǗNJǛnjǏǚǕǒǕǦǗǘǙNJǑǘnjNJǕǦǗǥǟǛǜNJǗǔNJǟ
ƹǏǚnjǥǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǒǑǜNJǔǒǟǎǘǖǘnj ǛǏǚǒǩǙǚǘǏǔǜ ǡǜǘǛNJǖǘǙǘǛǏNjǏǏǣǏǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǝǐNJǛǗǘǟǘǜǩNJnjǜǘǚNJǖǒcǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǒǟ
ǀƷƲƲLJƹǍǚNJǐǎNJǗǛǏǕǦǛǜǚǘǩ nƻǏǕǦǛǔNJǩǗǘnjǦ~NjǥǕǛǘ ǑNJǣǒǣNJǜǦnƻǔnjǘǑǗNJǩǚǏǑǦNjNJǙǘǎǑǘǚǘnjǛǗǒǐNJǏǜǒǟnjǏǛ njǏǎǦǎǏǜNJǕǒǗNJnjǏǛ
NjǚNJǗnjccǍǘǎǝǑNJǢǏǛǜǦǖǏǛǩǠǏnjƻǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓǚǏǔǘǚǎ ǗǥǏ ǝǕǝǡǢNJǏǜǑNJǣǒǜǝǛǜǏǗǘǜnjǕNJǍǒ njǕNJǍNJǛǜǏǔNJǏǜǙǘǔNJǙǏǕǦǗǒǠNJǖnjcǚǏǑ
90
ǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗnjccǍǘǎǝnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏnƶǒǚ~ǜǘǓǐǏƴNJǕǒ ǗǘǖǝǑǘǚǏ ǝǖǏǗǦǢNJǏǜnjǏǜǚǘnjǝǨǗNJǍǚǝǑǔǝǝǛǒǕǒnjNJǏǜǙǚǘnjǏǜǚǒnjNJǏǖǘǛǜǦ~ 
ǗǒǗǛǔǘǓǘNjǕNJǛǜǒǎǘǖǒǑƸƫƮǛǖǘǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǑNJǎnjNJǡNJǛNJ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖNJnjǜǘǚǥǘǜǎNJǨǜǛǏNjǏǘǜǡǏǜnjcǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒǧǜǘǍǘǙǝǜǒnƶǏǟNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏ
ƷǘǎǕǩǜNJǔǒǟǛǔǘǚǘǛǜǏǓǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ ǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǒǏǕǨNjǥǟǽǛǏǕǦǛǔǒǟǻǙǚǒǏǖǘnjǗǏǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǘǏǚNJǑǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǚǏǑǗǥǟ
ǎǘǕǐǗNJNjǥǜǦǛǝǙǏǚǝǗǒǞǒǠǒǚǘnjNJǗNJcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǓ ǎǏǜNJǕǏǓnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǓǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǏǑǎNJǗǒǩǍǒǙǏǚNjǘǕǒ
ǎǘǖǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǍǕNJnjǗǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƭǒǙǚǘǕǏǛǙǚǘ ǑNJǠǒǩǒǟcǷǜNJǔǒǏǘǢǒNjǔǒnjǏǎǝǜǔcǗǏǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǗǘǖǝǎǏǔǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǨǞNJǛNJǎǘnj
91
ǖNJƶNJǚǔƭǝǚNJǚǒƴnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓnjcǙǕNJǗǏ cšccǖ ǘǗ njǖǏǛǜǘǒǟǍǚNJǖǘǜǗǘǓǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜǔǒǔcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǝnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǝǚǘǙǏǜǘnjǣǒǗǥ~ 
90 "
<!- #
<'- N 
ǚNJǑNjǒǜǗNJǡǏǜǥǚǏǖNJǕǥǟǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟ    
<K  - ; B
ƫǏǛǙǘǔǘǒǕǒǛǦNJnjǜǘǚǥǗǏǑǚǩǚǏǑǗǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǛǜNJ
ǘNjǚNJǑǘnjǥnjNJǕǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǙNJǗǏǕǒǎǕǒǗǘǓcǖƬcǙǏǚ %

 %  B CC E

ǕǒǗNJnjǏǢǒnjNJǜǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǑǎNJǗǒǩǗǘǒcǗNJǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǏcǷ
X @G=? \<A- -<A= -
njǘǖǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǏcǷǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩǛcǜNJǖNjǝǚǘǖǒcǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǓǗNJ 91 V $- ǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗNJǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǏnjcǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǛǏǚǒǓ

62 
cǒcƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǘǑǖǝǣNJǏǜǔǚǒǜǒǔNJƾǚǒǎǚǒǟNJƬǥǢ ǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǒǜǦǗǏǖǘǐǏǜƬcǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǏǚǏǎǔǒǖ
ǔǒǗǎNJǗǏǛNJǖǧǜǘǜǞNJǔǜNJcǜǘǡǜǘǧǜǒǎǏǜNJǕǒǛǤǏǎNJǨǜnjǛǨ ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǏǕǏǖǧǜǘǍǘǎǒǛǔǝǚǛNJǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩƪǗ
ǜǝǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǨǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǎNJǏǜǑNJnjǘǎǛǔǘǏǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǏ ǎǚǏǓƬǘǑǗǏǛǏǗǛǔǒǓnjcǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǏcǷƪǗǎǚǏǓ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

NJcnǘNjǒǕǒǏǚǏǑǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǚǝǡǗǘǓǚNJ ƴǚNJǛǝǕǒǗnjcǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǒcǷƬǒǔǜǘǚƹǘǙǔǘnj ǗǏ


NjǘǜǥǙǘǡǜǒǛǙǕǘǢǦǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǣǒǟǛǜǏǗǥǑǎNJǗǒǩǙǚǒ ǎNJǚǘǖǘǗǚǒǛǝǏǜǗǏǔNJǔǝǨǗǒNjǝǎǦNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘ
ǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒcǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩ ǛǏnjǏǚǗǝǨ ǎǏǚǏnjǗǨ ǙǚǒǎNJnjNJǩ ǏǏ ǡNJǛǘnjǗǩǖ
ǗǏǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗNJǩǔǚǥǢNJǛcǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǐǏǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗNJǖǒ ǘǡǏǗǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǑnjǝǡNJǗǒǏ njcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ
ǒcǙǘǕǘǜǏǗǠNJǖǒǗǏnjǥǑǥnjNJǏǜNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǓǛcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ ǐǏǖǥnjǘǘNjǣǏǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǑǗNJǏǖǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǖǘǎǏǚ
92
ǗǥǖǑNJnjǘǎǛǔǒǖǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǖ~ ƬcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǐǏǙǘǕǘ ǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǟǛǨǐǏǜǘnjƬǏǛǦǖNJǞǝǜǝ "
  ; % - U- @GHH
ǐǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǖǏǚNJƬǥǢǔǒǗǎǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǜǎǘǖǒǑǔǏǚNJǖǑǒ ǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓnjǒǎǒǖǏǏǜǙNJǗǛǒǘǗNJǜ
ǜǘNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǟǙNJǗǏǕǏǓLjǚǒǩƸǖǏǕǦǡǏǗǔǘnjcƸǚǏǟǘnjǘƱǝǏnjǘ ǑNJnjǘǎNJǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǙǚǒNjǘǚǘnjǗNJǘǑǏǚǏƲǛǛǥǔƴǝǕǦ  cǷǚǘǛ
ǍǎǏǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǗǏǖNJǛǔǒǚǝǏǜǛǩǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒ ǛǥǙǦǚǘǖNjǘnjǒǎǗǥǟǒcǢNJǕNJǢǏnjǒǎǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǒǔǘnjǗǘ
NJcǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǛǜǘǓǔǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǟǘǜǩǒcǛǜǒǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǥǙǘǎ ǧǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǐǒǕǒǣǏnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǒcǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǏƸǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǏ
ǚǏǑǗǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǘǗǘnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǥǒǑǜǘǍǘǐǏNjǏǜǘǗNJ ǎǘǖNJǛǜǚǘǒǜƶNJǚǔƭǝǚNJǚǒcǷǔǘǚǎǘǗǥnjcǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔNJǟƴNJnjǔNJǑNJ
ƬǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǢǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǧǔǛǔǝǚǛǛǜǘǒǕǘ ƴǘǕǦǛǔǘǍǘǙǘǕǝǘǛǜǚǘnjNJǒcƽǛǛǝǚǒǓǛǔǘǍǘǔǚNJǩNJcǜNJǔǐǏǎǘǖNJǒǑ
NjǥǑNJǔǘǗǡǒǜǦǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǧǜǘǖǖǏǛǜǏǍǎǏǙǚǘǞNJǗNJǠǒǩǎǘ ǘNjǤǏǖǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟNjǕǘǔǔǘǗǜǏǓǗǏǚǘnjǎǕǩƱNJǙNJǎǗǘǓƻǒNjǒ
ǢǕNJǎǘǙǘǕǗǘǓǛnjǘǏǓǔǝǕǦǖǒǗNJǠǒǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǗNJNjǏǜǘǗ V
%     BE ' #
- N 
 ǚǒLJǜǘǜNJǔǒǏǔǘǚNjǨǑǒNJǗǛǔǒǏnjǒǕǕǥǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟ njcǎNJǗǗǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏcǷǡǜǘNjǥ
:
 yBE BE
ǗǘǖǎǘǖǏǗǘǒcNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǨǣǒǓǎǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǁǜǘǕǒǢǗǒǓ  P     
ǗǏǑNJnjNJǕǒǕǘǛǗǏǍǘǖ ǛcǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǔNJǔnjcƴNJNjNJǗǘǗǏǖǒǗǒǖǝǖǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ
ǚNJǑǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǕǘNjǥǜǝǙǚǘǙNJǛǜǦǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǘNjǚNJǑǘnjNJǕNJǛǦǖǏǐǎǝǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓ w%  


ǒcǖNJǔǛǒǖǝǖǘǖǞǝǗǔǠǒǓnjcǘǎǗǘǖNjǕǘǔǏcǷǐǒǕNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJ ǔnjǖ njcǎǚǝ
ǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǝǐǏ<<-cnjǏǔNJƷǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǡǜǘǧǜǝNJǙǚǘǙǚǒ ǍǘǖcǷǔǝǟǗǩ ǔnjǖ njNJǗǗNJǩ ǔnjǖ ǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩǜNJǖNjǝǚnƲcnjǘǜǙǚǒǕǏǜNJǨ
NJǠǒǨǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǍǘǚǘǎǘǖǘǣǝǣNJǨǜǔNJǔǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǝǐǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔǒƬNJǛǒ ǩcnjcnjNJǟǜǘnjǥǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǙǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǔNJǔǘNjǐǒnjNJǨǜǧǜǒNjǕǘǔǒcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜ
ǕǒǓƻǜNJǚǘǎǝNjǠǏnjǙǚǏǎǛǏǎNJǜǏǕǦǔǘǕǟǘǑNJnƷǘnjǘǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǓ~njccǍǘǎǝ ƭǝǚNJǚǒcǷǒcǛǏǖǦǩǛnjNJǚǣǒǔǘnjǒǛǔǚǏǗǗǏNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǒǜǖǏǗǩǑNJǜǘǡǜǘǝcǛǥǗNJ
ǙǒǢǏǜnƻǜǚNJǗǗǘnjǒǎǏǜǦǔǘǍǎNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǙǘǕǗǘǛNjǘǚǗǥǏ ǏǛǜǦǜǏǙǏǚǦǘǜǎǏǕǦǗNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJȁljcnjcǙǘǕǗǘǖǗǏǎǘǝǖǏǗǒǒ ǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǓ
93
ǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǥǏǎǘǖNJnjcǎǚǏnjǗǒǏǚǏǑǗǥǏǒǑNjǥ~ ƲcǎNJǕǦǢǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjcǎǝǟǏ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǥnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǏǗǏNjǥǕǘ NJcǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǎǘǖǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǒcǘNjǘǍǚǏǜǗǘǗǒǔNJ
97
ǙǘǛǜǔǘǕǘǗǒNJǕǒǑǖNJnƸǡǏnjǒǎǗǘNjǘǕǏǏnjǛǏǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǍǘǚǘǐNJǗǏnjǗǘǛǩǜ ǔǘǓǛNJǗǜǏǟǗǒǔǒǗǏǙǘǎnjǏǎǏǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǓǔǘǖǗNJǜǘǓǛǜNJǕNJnjNJǗǗNJǩ~
94
njcǗǘnjǝǨǛǏǕǦǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǽǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǻ~  ƲǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǎǏǕNJǨǜǗNJǔNJǞǏǎǚǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ
ƷǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǜǘǡǜǘƬNJǓǕǦǛcƭǏǗǒǛǘǖǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǨǜǔNJǔnǘǜ ǜǝǚǥnjcƶƪƺƿƲǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǖǗǘǍǘǕǏǜnjǘǑǍǕNJnjǕǩǏǜƵǏnjƵǒǛǏǗǔǘƲǖǏǗǗǘǏǍǘ
;
  
ǔǚǥǜǒǏǙǚǘǢǕǘǍǘ~njcǏǍǘǎǥnjcǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǖǘǎǘǓnǽƶǘǎNJǗNJ 


E %
   
ǛǜǝǎǏǗǜǥǒǛǙǘǕǗǩǨǜǛNJǖǥǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǥǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǛǚǏǎǒǜǏǟǡǜǘǙǘǎNJǗǥ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǛǜǦǻǛǜNJnjǢNJǩǘǎǗǒǖǒǑǙǘNjǘǡǗǥǟǧǞǞǏǔǜǘnjǗNJǡNJǜǘǍǘǍǘǚǘǎ  BP J - @GQM ǗNJǙǏǚnjǥǓƬǛǏǛǘǨǑǗǥǓǔǘǗǔǝǚǛǗNJǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝƪcǧǜǘ
ǛǔǒǖǒǒǗǜǏǕǕǏǔǜǝNJǕNJǖǒǏǣǏnjcǔǘǗǠǏǟnjǘǑnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǩǔcǽǒǛǜǘǔNJǖǻnjǔǕǨ
ǡNJǕNJnjcǛǏNjǩǜǩǍǝǔcǽǘǙǚǘǣǏǗǒǨǻǽǘǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒnjNJǗǒǨǻǽNJǚǟNJǒǑNJǠǒǒǻǒcǙǚǘ
ǩnjǕǩǕNJǛǦnjcǘǜǎǏǕǔǏǔnjNJǚǜǒǚnjcǛǜǒǕǒǛǜǒǔǏǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥǛǘNjǒǚNJǗǒǒ
ǒǔǘǗǒcǛǜNJǚǘǓǎǘǖNJǢǗǏǓǝǜnjNJǚǒnjǘǑǚǘǛǢǏǓǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǔǝǟǗǒ
ǙǘǏǑǎǔNJǟǙǘǍǘǚǘǎNJǖƱǘǕǘǜǘǍǘǔǘǕǦǠNJƺǘǛǛǒǒǧǕǏǖǏǗǜNJǟ£PEVYWWInjcǘǎǏǐǎǏ 92 "B:
<T-#- U  
 

95
ǒcǜ Ǚ~ ƲcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǧǜNJǛǜǚNJǗǗNJǩǍǘǚǘǎǛǔNJǩǖǘǎNJǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǗǏnjǥǑǥnjNJǜǦǚNJǑ E
B

 BE  -
      CC E
 X
ǎǚNJǐǏǗǒǩǝcǐǒǜǏǕǏǓǛǏǕNJnjǒǎǩǣǒǟǑNJǗǏǓǜǝǐǏǞNJǕǦǢǦǡǜǘnjǒǎǏǕNjǏǎǗǥǓ @G=? \<A- -<M@-

ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗ<-<cnjǏǔNJnjcNjǘǍNJǜǥǟǚNJǛǙǒǛǗǥǟǒǑNjNJǟǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩLJǜǘǜǘǡǗǘ 93  <"-- J <% 



E
   CC E

ǞǒǔǛǒǚǝǏǜƬNJǛǒǕǒǓǂǝǔǢǒǗnjcnLJǗǏǚǍǒǡǗǥǟǕǨǎǩǟ~  nǷƮǏǚǏnjǗǨǘǗ X @G=? \<@>- -<?H-
94 V $-
ǕǨNjǒǜcǷǜǘǐǏǘǡǏǗǦǘNjǘǑǕǒǕǛǩNjǚǨǟNJǜǥǓcǷǁǏǍǘǐǜǥǗǏǏǎǏǢǦnjcǛnjǘǨ 95 X <-- ;

P(-

ǎǏǚǏnjǗǨ#ƬcǛnjǘǨǒǑNjǝ# ȁ"ƹǒǛNJǜǏǕǦǏǛǜǦǘǎǒǗcǷnjǛǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǨǑǘnjǏǜƪcǛNJǖ /



+F

< -



 @GQ>PE  -
njcǡǏǜǥǚǏǟǔǘǖǗNJǜǗǘǓǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǏǐǒnjǏǜǙNJǚǢǒnjǏǠ ȁ"cǷƯǖǝǑNJǧǜǘǎǏǗǦǍǒ '-F R)U ?>@M- -<AG-
96 96 a:
<"-'-  
  
-
ǟǘǚǘǢǒǏǙǕNJǜǩǜǡǜǘǙǚǒǑǥnjNJǏǜcǷnjǛǜNJnjǒǕǔǝǚǗǘǛǥǓ~  
 <=  E- V-<Q- !  ?>>G-

ƹǚǒ ǧǜǘǖ ǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǙǚǘǡǜǏǗǒǩ -<@MH-


97    

 
ǜǏǖǥǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǔNJǔǧǜǘǎǏǕNJǕǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦ Ǎǘǚǘǎ ?>?>< -

64 
45*$
0 

ǕǏǜǗNJǑNJǎNJnjǜǘǚǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒǙǒǛNJǕǛǜNJǜǦǨǘNjǘǎǗǘǖǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ
ǑNJǖǏǜǒǖǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjƴNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǙǚǘǏǔǜƶNJǚǍNJǚǒǜǥƭNJnjǚǒǕǘnjǘǓcǷ #%%   'X. ƷNJǡǒǗNJǕNJǛǦǘǗNJǜNJǔnƱNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǎǘǖǽǗǘnjǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǻcǷǜǏǖNJǎǕǩNJǗǏǔ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩnjǏǚǛǒǩǎǘǖNJnǔǘǢǏǕǏǖ~ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǨǣǏǍǘǙǘǎǘǎǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓ %      )
)
 - 
     
ǎǘǜNJNJcǗǏǎǕǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǚǏǠǏǗǑǒǒƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǎǚǝǍǒǏNJǜǚǒNjǝǜǥǧǜǘǍǘ
ǐǒǕǦǏǒcǟǘǑǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒnjǗǝǜǚǒǒǖǏǨǣNJǩǙǏǚǏǙNJǎǥǝǚǘnjǗǏǓƪcǙǏǚnjǝǨǙǚǏ    - R ǙǏǚǛǘǗNJǐNJcǷǖǏǚǛǏǎǏǛǎǐNJǔǝǑǒǛǘǜǘnjǥǓcǷnjǏǣǒǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǔNJǡǏ
ǖǒǨǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǗNJǔǘǗǔǝǚǛǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǚǒǐNJǗƪǚǗǘƿǏǓǗǚǒǟǛǘǗǛNJǒcljǗǒǛNJƮǚǒ @G=>PE ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏNJcǙǘǙǘnjǘǎǝǔǚNJǛǗǘǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǟǑNJǖǔǘnjǛcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒǖǘǐǗǘǜǘǕǦ
ǙǏLJǜǘNjǥǕNJǧǞǞǏǔǜǗNJǩǝǛǏǡǏǗǗNJǩǙǒǚNJǖǒǎNJǗNJǖǏǔNJǨǣNJǩǗNJǕNJǜǥǢǛǔǝǨ ǔǘǛǖǏǩǜǦǛǩ~ǁNJǛǜǗǥǏǎǘǖNJnjcǙǘǛǜǙǏǚǏǛǜǚǘǏǡǗǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦNjǝǚǗǘ
ǚǒǍǝnjǗǝǜǚǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓNJnjǜǘǚǥǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚNJǑnjǏǕǒǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǒcǙǚǒnjNJǜ ǗǘǎǘǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǥǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcǗǒǟǙǘǡǜǒǗǏNjǥǕǘƿNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǒcǜǘ
ǗǥǏǑǘǗǥǙǘǎnjǝǖǧǜNJǐNJǖǗǘǒcǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǕǒǒǟǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗǥǖǟǘǕǕǘǖNJcnjǛǏ ǡǜǘnjcǗǒǟǗǏNjǥǕǘǎǏǚǏnjNJ
ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǘNjǗǏǛǕǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǎNJǕǒǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǔǘ ƹǚǒǡǒǗǜǘǖǝNjǥǕǘǗǏǖNJǕǘƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǚNJ
ǜǘǚǘǏǕǒǢǦǡǏǚǏǑǕǏǜǛǜNJǗǏǜǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǘǖnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒ ǑǘǖǧǜǘǛǒǕNJǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒƻǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦǎǘNjǒǕNJǛǦǛnjǘǏǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǘǛǜNJǕǘ
ƲǖǏǗǗǘnjcƹǚǒNjNJǕǜǒǔǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖcǷnjǙǏǚnjǥǏnjcƻƻƻƺcǷ NJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǩǒǛǔǕǨǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛcǒǛǜǘǚǒǏǓNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǛcǝǟǘǎǩǣǒǖǝǔǕNJ
ǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǙǚǘǡǜǏǗǒǏƪǕǒǜǝǛǛǔǒǓƮƻƴnjcƵǒǜnjǏnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏ ǎǘǖǛcǡǏǖǜǘǙNJǜǚǒNJǚǟNJǕǦǗǥǖǒcǖNJǚǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǖƷǘnjǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǐǏǡǏǕǘnjǏǔ
ǟǍǘǎǘnjǗNJǕNJǎǒǕǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǘǛNjǘǚǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǒǑǖǘǎǝǕǦ njcNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǏǛnjǘǏǖ,SQSWSZIXMGYWNjǥǕǎǘǕǍǘǘǜǕǝǡǏǗǘǜnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒ
ǗǥǟǣǒǜǘnjǢǒǚǒǗǘǓcǖǏǜǚNJǔǝǎNJǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏǖǘǗǜǒǚǘnjNJ NjǥǜǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖǒcǧǜǘǓnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǨǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕǗNJǛǥǜǒǜǦǛǩƭǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǏ
ǕǒǛǦnjǘǎǘǙǚǘnjǘǎǔNJǗNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩǒcǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǙǚǘnjǘǎǔNJ ǡǜǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǘǩnjǒǜǛǩ ǎǏǜǒnjcǙǘǑǎǗǏǖƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖƻǘǨǑǏ NJnjǜǘǚnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏ ǝǐNJǛǗǘǛǜǏǛǗǩǕǒǛǦǟǘ
ǚǘnjǘǎǘnjǛNJǚNJǞNJǗǘnjǡNJǛǜǝǢǏǔǒcǙǚǘǡǏǍǘǞǘǕǦǔǕǘǚNJǗǏǒǑǖǏǗǗǘǙǚǒǕNJǍNJǏ
ǖǘǍǘǔcǜǏǖǏnǒǑNjǥ~LJǜǘNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǗǏǘǙǘǑǗNJnjNJǕǘǛǦǔNJǔnǛnjǘǏ~cǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ
njǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǒǏǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǎǒǛǜNJǗǠǒǒƲcǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǙǘǙNJǟǒnjNJǕǘ
ǙǚǘǙNJǍNJǗǎǘǓƷNJǎǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǜǦƹǝǢǔǒǗǥǖǡǜǘNjǥǙǚǒǎNJǜǦǗǩǗǒǗǥǖǛǔNJǑǔNJǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǑnjǝǡNJǗǒǏƷǘǎNJǐǏǙǚǘǑNJnǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔǘnj~cǷǡǏǛǜǗNJǩǩǎǚǏǗNJǩ
ǛǏǚǖǩǐǗNJǩcǷǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦNjǘǕǦǢǏǧǜǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǏǓǡǏǖǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǘǓƮǏǚǏnjǘǛǜNJǕǘ
ǎǕǩǗNJǛǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǜǒǡǗǥǖƬǚǘǎǏNjǥǚǘǎǗǘǏcǷǗǘǗǏNjǕǒǑǔǘǏƹǚǘǛǜǘǏcǷǗǘ
 # -
ǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǏƶǒǕǘǏcǷǗǘǗǏǕǏǙǘǏƮǏǜǛǔNJǩǗǏǕǘnjǔǘǛǜǦǙǏǚǏǚǘǛǕNJnjcǛǗǘNjǒǑǖ
N  <; 
 - @GGH ƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǏǍǘǎǥNjǥǕǒǧǙǘǟǘǓǢNJǕǦǗǥǟǎǏǗǏǍǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǙǦǩ
ǕǒǢǦǛcnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖǘǖ~ 66 ƲnjNJǗNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒ
' #
- N P    ' 
 # 
- ǗǩǣǏǓǛnjǘNjǘǎǘǓǠNJǚǒǕǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǗǏǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǒǒcnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘ
&%    
,   
<^
 
ǔǘnjNJ LJǛǜǘǗǏǠƼǘǘǖNJǛƺǏǓǗ NjǝǎǝǣǒǓNJnj
<;$
- @GMG
ǛǜǒƬcǧǜǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒǘǛǘNjǝǨǑǗNJǡǒǖǘǛǜǦǘNjǚǏǜNJǕǒǗNJǎǏǐǗǘǛǜǦ
% 
- @GQ@Y@GQM ǜǘǚnǘǔǜǘǍǘǗNJ~njcƺNJǙǕNJ ǎǏǕNJǏǜǛǏǕǦǛǔǒǏ ǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǎǘǖNJcǷNJcǎǏǚǏnjǘnjcǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏnjǛǏǐǏǝǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǔǒǚ
ǎǘǖNJǒǑǛNjǘǚǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǛcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǥǟNJcǘǜǏǍǘǎNJǡǒnjcƴǕǘǘǍNJƺNJǗǎ ǙǒǡǝƬǜǚǏǜǦǒǟǔǚNJǓǗǏnjNJǐǏǗNjǥǕnjǘǙǚǘǛǛNJǖǘǒǎǏǗǜǒǞǒǔNJǠǒǒ
 ǝcǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǟǔǘǕǕǏǍǜǏǔǝǜǛǕǨǗǔǒƪcǛnjǘǨǎNJǡǝnjcƹNJNjNJǐǒ ǔNJǚǔNJǛ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔnjǛǏǍǎNJǍǘǚǎǒǕǛǩǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǖǘǖǗǘǗǒ
ǛcǘNjǒǕǦǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖǜǘǡǏǡǗǥǏǘǙǘǚǥǙǘǕǛcǙǘǎǘǍǚǏnjǘǖǔǚǥǢNJNjǏǑ ǔǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǙǘǎǖǏǗNJǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǨ
ǡǏǚǎNJǔNJǙǏǚǍǘǕNJǗNJǎǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ ǕNJǜǥǢǛǔǒǓǑǘǎǡǒǓƶǘǎǚǒǛƭǏǕǑǒǛǙǘǛǜǚǘ ǗǏǎǘǟǘǎǒǕNJǎǘǜNJǔǘǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǔNJǔnjcǏǎNJǒcnjcǗǝǕǏnjǥǏƸNjǚNJǑ
ǒǕǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝƬccǍǘǎǝǗNJnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏƭǏǕǑǒǛNJnjcƺǒǍǏNjǥǕNJǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗNJ NjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjNJǛǜNJǕǎǘǖǒǗǒǚǝǨǣǒǖNJcǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷǔNJǔǛNJǖǥǓǎǏǢǏnjǥǓ
ǏǏǔǘǙǒǩnjcǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǏNJcǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǝǙǚǒǛnjǘǏǗǛǜNJǜǝǛnǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕcǷnjcǧǜǘǜǘNjǚNJǑǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏnjǙǒǛǥnjNJǕǘǛǦ
ǜǝǚǥ~cǷǒcǧǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǓǛǕǝǡNJǓnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏnjǜǘǚǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥ ƬǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǜǘǡǗǥǓǟǘǎǛǎǏǕNJǕNJǞǒǗǛǔNJǩǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǩ,32/%
ƿƿnjǏǔNJǗNJǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒNjǥnjǢǏǍǘƻǘǨǑNJ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǒǢǕNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǨnjccǍǘǎǝƸǗNJǙǘǑǒǠǒǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǕNJ

66 
ǛnjǘǓǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǗǏǔNJǔǎǘǖǎǕǩǛǚǏǎǗǏǍǘ cǍǘǎNJǗǘǝǐǏǛcnjǏǕǨǔǛǘnjǛǔǒǖǒǘǔǗNJǖǒnjcǔǚǥǢǏ  ƪcǍǕNJnjǗǥǓnjcƻƻƻƺ
ǔǕNJǛǛNJǔNJǔnjcƾǒǗǕǩǗǎǒǒNJcǔNJǔǘǡǏǗǦǎǘ ǙǚǘnjǘǎǗǒǔǒǎǏǓƪǕnjNJǚNJƪNJǕǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƪǗǎǚǏǓƭǘǑNJǔǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǝ
ǚǘǍǘǓǎǘǖǡǏǖǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǚǏǑǔǘǙǘnjǥǛǒ ǏǜǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjcƹǏǚǏǎǏǕǔǒǗǘ  ǙǚǏǎnjǏǣNJǩǙǘǡǜǒnjǛǏNjǝǎǝǣǒǏ
ǕNJǛǜNJǜǝǛǎǏǚǏnjNJnjcǍǕNJǑNJǟǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJƹǚǒ ǟǘǎǥǒcǙǚǒǏǖǥƵǝǡǢǒǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǕǏǜ njcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcǙǘNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǒ
ǧǜǘǖǙǏǚnjǥǏǎǘǖNJ,32/%njcƺǘǛǛǒǒNjǥǕǒ ǔǘǗǔǝǚǛNJcǍǘǎNJ ǛǘNjǚNJǗǥnjcǔǗǒǍǝnƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǘǜǖNJǕNJǎǘnjǏǕǒǔNJ~
njǏǛǦǖNJǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǖǒǔNJǔǙǘǘNjǕǒǔǝ  ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǒǎǏǜǗNJǚNJǛǟnjNJǜƷǘnjǛǏǧǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǟǘǜǩ
ǜNJǔǒcǙǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǝǘǗǒNjǥǕǒǒǑNjǚǏnjǗNJ ǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗNJǩǍNJǕǏǚǏǩ~ƲǚǒǗǥƴǘǚǘNjǦǒǗǘǓǒcƯǕǏǗǥƭǘǗ
Ʋc ǕǒǢǦ ǛǙǝǛǜǩ ǙNJǚǝ ǕǏǜ ǔǕǨǡǏnjǝǨ Ǚǘ ǛNJǕǏǛǝǛǜǚǘǒǕNJnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǝnƶǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǘǓǎǘǖ~ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǘǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǘnjNJǕNJ
ǑǒǠǒǨ ǑNJǗǩǕ ǔǕǏǏǗǥǓ NjǚǝǛ ǒǑ ǔǘǜǘǚǘ ǢǒǚǘǡNJǓǢǒǓǛǙǏǔǜǚǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǛǜǒǕǏǓǑǎǏǛǦNjǥǕǒcǗǏǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖ
ǍǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǛǩ ǏǏǎǘǖǘnj njǒǕǕNJnƺǘǛǜNJ~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJǒcƶNJǚǒǗǥƪǛNJǎǘnjǥǟnjǒǕǕNJnǂǒNjǘǕǏǜ~ƶǒǟNJǒǕNJ
ƒ„…†q- ;B   ƹǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjnjǘǘNjǣǏǎǘǕǍǘǜǘǚǖǘǑǒǕNJǚNJǑnjǒ ƿNJǑNJǗǘnjNJ ǒcǗǏǘNjǚǝǜNJǕǒǑǖ ǎǘǖnjcƭǘ
<X 

- @GGH
ǜǒǏǛǨǐǏǜNJƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘƺǘǛǛǒǩǎǏǚǐNJǕNJǙǏǚnjǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǙǘ ǕǒǠǥǗǘƮǖǒǜǚǒǩƮǘǕǍǘǍǘnjǒǕǕNJnjcƹǒ
ǖǒǚǘnjǥǖǑNJǙNJǛNJǖǕǏǛNJ  ǘǛǗǘnjǗNJǩǖNJǛǛNJǘǜǏǐǏǍǘǎǗǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǖǥǟ ǠǝǗǎǏƮǖǒǜǚǒǩƫǥǔǘnjNJǒcƲǍǘǚǩƴǘǡNJ
cǖǒǕǕǒNJǚǎǘnjǔǝNjǘǖǏǜǚǘnjǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥǢǕNJǔNJǔǛǥǚǦǏǑNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǝNJcnjǗǝ ǗǘnjNJ ǒcǗǏǘǖǘǎǏǚǗ ǙǚǘǏǔǜƪǕǏǔǛǏǩ
ǜǚǒǛǜǚNJǗǥǙǏǚǏǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǕNJǛǦǕǒǢǦǙǩǜNJǩǡNJǛǜǦǡǜǘǎNJnjNJǕǘnjǛǏǍǘ ƬƬƹ ǒcƻǏǚǍǏǩƫNJnjǥǔǒǗǥǟ ǒcǗǏǘǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǖ
ƪcǏǣǏ ǙǘǜǏǗǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǍǘǎǗǘǍǘǕǏǛNJǛǍǗǒnjNJǕǘǗNJǔǘǚǗǨȁƷǘǚǖNJǕǦ ǎǘǖnjcƷǏǖǡǒǗǘnjǔǏNjǨǚǘ67XYHMS 
ǗǥǓǔǕǏǏǗǥǓNjǚǝǛǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏǗǝǕǏnjǥǟǎNJǒcǜǘnjǏǑǝǜǏǍǘ ǒcǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǙǘǖǏǛǦǍǘǜǒǔǒǒcǖǘ
ǙǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǒǑƭǏǚǖNJǗǒǒǒcƾǒǗǕǩǗǎǒǒǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒǙǚǒǟǘǎǩǜǒǑ * 
 - ;    ǎǏǚǗNJ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǥƮǖǒǜǚǒǩƬǏǕǒǡǔǒǗNJ
ƴNJǗNJǎǥƲcǏǛǕǒnjcƪǖǏǚǒǔǏnjcǜǏǍǘǎǥǎǘǕǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜ <' $
- @GG?
ǒcƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƭǘǕǘnjNJǗǘnjNJ ǒcNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJ
 ǜǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒcǷǕǒǢǦ    ! 
- ǜǥǓǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖ ǎǘǖnjcƶǘǑǐǒǗǔǏƯnj
X  (GM  +
ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘnjcǏǚNJǛǜǏǚǩǕǒnjǛǏǡǜǘǖǘǍǕǒǒcǢǔǘǕǝǒcǖNJǛǜǏ <;
  - ?>>>- ǍǏǗǒǩƪǛǛNJ 
ǚǘnjǒcǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒƴǘǍǎNJǜǘnjcǔNJǐǎǘǖǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǖnjǝǑǏNjǥǕNJǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝ ƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘǛǚǏǎǒǧǜǒǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjNjǥǕǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǗǒ
ǨǣNJǩǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩnjǏǑǎǏNjǥǕǛǙǏǠǔǝǚǛǙǘǎǏǚǏnjǝNjǥǕNJǠǏǕNJǩǢǔǘǕNJ ǔNJǔǘǍǘǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǙǘnjǘǎNJǔcnjǘǑǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǨǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ
ƭǏǗǚǒǟNJƴNJǚǕǛǏǗNJNjǥǕǘǜǚǒǎǏǛǩǜǔNJǑNJnjǘǎǘnjǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒnjǢǒǟǔǕǏǏǗǝǨǎǚǏ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcǏǍǘǎǥǖǥǗǏnjǒǎǒǖnƫǝǖNJǐǗNJǩNJǚǟǒ
njǏǛǒǗǝƷǘǘǜǗǒǟnjcǏǘǛǜNJnjNJǕǛǩǕǒǢǦǘǎǒǗnjcƬǘǕǘǔǘǕNJǖǛǔǏNJcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗ ǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ~ǛǜNJnjǢNJǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǝǗǒnjǏǚǛǒǜǏǜǘǖǗǘnjǥǟǚǝǛǛǔǒǟ
ǗǥǖǗNJǝǡǗǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǙǘǎǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǖcǷǀƷƲƲǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǘǙǏǚǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǔNJǔǒǖǒǜǘǘǙǚǏ
ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓnjcnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖ~ǛǏǔǜǘǚǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǒǑǘNjǚǏǕǒǔǛǜNJǜǒNJǚǖǒǚǘ ǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǖǒǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǖǒƲcǟǘǜǩLjǚǒǓƪnjnjNJǔǝǖǘnjǎǏǕNJǏǜ
njNJǗǗǝǨǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJǏǜǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒnjcǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ ǛnjǘǒǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǏǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǒǗNJǜǏǖǥǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJǒǑǎǏ
ǚNJǑƷǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǘǜNJǖǙǘǎǗNJǡNJǕǘǖƻǜNJǗǒǛǕNJnjNJƼǝǚǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǝǡǏǗǒǔNJƴNJǚ ǚǏnjNJǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcnjǥNjǘǚǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǛǔnjǘǑǒǜǒcǗǏǔNJǩǒǚǘǗǒǩ
ǕǛǏǗNJnjǛǏǍǘǛǏǖǦǡǏǕǘnjǏǔƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƲǍǘǚǦƹǒǣǝǔǏnjǒǡǙNJǚǜǗǏǚƼǘǜNJǗNJ njcNJǎǚǏǛǐǒǑǗǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǙǚǏǜǏǗǑǒǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚ
ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJǛcǍǘǚǏǡǦǨǍǘnjǘǚǒǕnjccǍǘǎǝnƷNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩcǷǧǜǘ ǎNJƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǒǖǏǗǗǘnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǒ~cǷƶǒǟNJǒǕƵNJNjNJǑǘnj
ǖǒǞƴǚǘǖǏǔNJǔnjNJǕǒǜǦǎNJnjcNjǘǕǦǢǒǟǔǘ ' #
- N   ƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓcǷǛǜǚǘǩǜǙǏǚnjǥǏ
ǕǒǡǏǛǜnjNJǟǝcǗNJǛǗǒǡǏǍǘǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǎǏǕNJǜǦ 
   B 
T  $ -
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥNJcǛcǎnjǝǟǕǏǍǏǗǎNJǚǗǥǟǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǙǘ
ǗǏǝǖǏǨǜƴǕǏǏǗǥǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǑNJǔNJǑǥnjNJ 1994 ǛǕǏǎǗǏǍǘcǷǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗNJnǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj~  ǒcƹNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJ
ǏǖǝcǞǒǗǗǘnjNjǚǝǛǔNJǕǒNjǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓcǷǜNJǖ ǎǕǩnjǘǎǘǡǗǥǟǠǏǚǏǖǘǗǒǓ  cǷǖǘǐǗǘǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏnjǘǘNj
98
ǐǏǙNJǚǔǏǜǎnjǏǚǒǘǔǗNJcǷǝcǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǠǏnj~  ǣǏǘǜǛǡǒǜǥnjNJǜǦǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǗǘnjǏǓǢǏǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ
ƷǏǜǘǡǜǘNjǥǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǎǏǚǏ ƸNjNJǧǜǒǟǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǔNJǔǒcnƹǕNJnjǎǘǖ~ 6 ƵNJNjNJǑǘnjNJ  
njǩǗǗǥǟ ǎǘǖǘnj njc Ǐ Ǎǘǎǥ ǗǏ NjǥǕǘ ǔNJǔǒcǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗnƴǘǜƮNJǑǝǚ~ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJ  ǒcǏǍǘǐǏ
ǛǘnjǛǏǖ ƴNJǔǒǏǜǘ Ǘǒǜǘǡǔǒ ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJ ǎǘǖǧǕǕǒǗǍ 12   ǒcǔǚNJǛǗǥǏǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒ 16   
ǕǒǜǩǗǝǜǦǛǩǒǑǙǚǘǢǕǥǟǕǏǜǜNJǔǍǕNJnj ǔNJǔǒcǔǘǜǜǏǎǐ 14 ƯnjǍǏǗǒǩƪǛǛNJ  cǷnjǛǏǘǗǒǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩ
ǗǥǓcǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ǗNJǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǙNJǗǛǒǘǗNJǜNJnƴǕǩǑǦǖǒǗǛǔǘǏnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒ
ǎǘǖNJƶNJǚǔƭǝǚNJǚǒǛǜNJnjǒǜǗNJƻǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦ ǣǏ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǛǔǘǚǏǛǜNJǗǏǜǗNJǑǥnjNJǜǦǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~
ǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏǗNJƾǚǝǗǑǏǗǛǔǘǓǗNJNjǏǚǏǐ 98
ƲǖǏǗǗǘǧǜǘǖǝǖǏǛǜǝ ǒcǏǍǘǟǘǑǩǒǗǝƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǝƯǐǔǘnjǝ
   


ǗǘǓǗǘnjǝǨnjǏǚǛǒǨǛnjǘǏǍǘǝǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ  ?>>>< - ǖǥnjǘǖǗǘǍǘǖǘNjǩǑNJǗǥǙǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǖǖǘǎǥǗNJcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǝǨ

68 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝLJǜǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǗNJǢǏƪNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǘǘǜǔǝǎNJǏǛǜǦ ǛNJǖǥǏǗǏnjǏǚǘǩǜǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥƬccǍǘǎǝǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦǘNjǚǏǜǏǜǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǝǨ
ǙǘǢǏǕǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦƲcǧǜǘǗǏǍǚǘǖǔǘǏǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǏǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘnjcnƹǒ ǙǚǘǙǒǛǔǝnjcƼǝǕǦǛǔǘǓǘNjǕNJǛǜǒcǷǗNJnƪǚǟƾǏǚǖǏ~ǍǎǏǛǘǘǚǝǐNJǨǜǛǩǘNjǤǏǔ
ǚǘǍǘnjǘ~njcǧǜǒǙǏǚnjǥǏǍǘǎǥǛcǍǘǙǘǓǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦ ǜǥǡǦǒǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǩǘǜǚNJǐNJǨǜNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǝǨǜǩǍǝǔcǖǝǕǦǜǒǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

nƶǏǕǒǘǚNJǠǒǩ~ nƪǚǜƴǕǩǑǦǖNJ~ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǘNjǒǚNJǏǜnjǛǏǛNJǖǘǏǩǚǔǘǏ nǙǕNJnjǘǞǒǛ~nǔǕǝǖNjǘǖǘNjǒǕǦ~nǛnjǏǜǘǕNJnjǔNJ~ȁƱǎǏǛǦǐǏnjccǍǘǎǝƲnjNJǗ


ǛǖǏǢǗǘǏǒcǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǘǏǡǜǘNjǥǕǘnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǏ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǛǘNjǏǚǏǜǒcǛnjǘǓǙǏǚnjǥǓnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~
ƼǘǏǛǜǦǚǘǐǎNJǏǜǛǩǗǘnjNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǙǘǎǑǗNJǔǘǖǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ ƲǜǘǍǙǏǚnjǘǖǝǧǜNJǙǝǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǙǘǎ
ƮǚǝǍǘǏ nǖǏǛǜǘ ǛǒǕǥ~c Ƿ ǎǏǚǏnjǗǩ ƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǏǠ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ njǘǎǒǜnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJnƷǘnjǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏ~njcƶǝǑǏǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǘǛǏǗǦcǍǘǎNJ 
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǕǧǗǎNJǚǜNJƻǗNJǡNJǕNJƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƹǘǕǒǛǛǔǒǓ ǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǛǘNjǚNJǗǘǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǟǑNJǙǚǏǎǥǎǝǣǒǏǕǏǜƹǚNJnj
njǖǏǛǜǏǛcǐǒǜǏǕǩǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǕǏǙǩǜǜǥǛǩǡǝǛǗǏǍǘnjǒǔǘnjǙǘǜǘǖnjNJǩǨǜǒǑ ǎNJnjcǧǜǘǡǒǛǕǘnjǟǘǎǩǜǒcNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǛcnƪǚǟǛǜǘǩǗǒǩ~ǒcnƭǘǚǘǎǘnj~ǒcnǙǒǚǘ
ǛǏǗNJnjNJnjǒǕǘǗǛǔǝǨNjNJǢǗǨNJcnjccǍǘǎǝǛǜǚǘǩǜǒcǙǏǚnjǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜǒǑǎǏǚǏ ǍǘnjǛǔǒǏ~ǔNJǞǏǒcǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗǥNJcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǘǖǘnjǏǣǏǗǏǖǗǘǍǘƷǘǖǒǚǘnjǘǓ
njNJǜǘǡǗǏǏǒǑǎǚǘnjcǷǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǝǨǙǘǕǏǗǗǒǠǝƹǘǜǘǖNjǝǎǝǜǛǙǕǏǜǏǗǗNJǩǒǑ ǔǚǒǑǒǛcǍǘǎNJǖǏǗǩǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔǝǘNjǚNJǣNJǩnjǗǒǖNJǗǒǏǗNJǛNJ
ǕǘǑǥnƶǏǎǒNJNjNJǢǗǩ~  nƶNJǩǔǗNJƽǍǚǏ~ǒǑnjǩǑNJ  NJcnjccǍǘǎǝ ǖǥǓǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǥǓǒcǗǏǛNJǖǥǓǎǘǚǘǍǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǒcǖǏǗǜNJǕǒ
njc ǎǏǚǏnjǗǏ ǙǚǘǓǎǏǜ ǙǏǚnjǥǓ ǞǏǛǜǒ ǜǏǜcǷǙǚǘǗǒǔNJǩǛǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖǒnjǏǩǗǒǩǖǒǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǛǎǏǚǐNJǗǗǘǛǜǒ
njNJǕǦnƪǚǟǛǜǘǩǗǒǏ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǎNJǚǒǜ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǥLJǜǘǜǙǏǚǏǕǘǖǞǒǔǛǒǚǝǏǜǙǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǘNjǣǏǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǘǓǙǚǏǖǒǒ
ǖǒǚǜNJǔǒǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǢǏǎǏnjǚNJ ƪƺƿƲ;33(  ǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǔNJǐǎǥǓǍǘǎǙǘǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǘǔǘǕǘ
ǖǒǔNJǔnƷǒǔǘǕǒǗǘǝǟǘ~ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJ ǑNJǜǏǖNJcnjccǍǘǎǝcǷǝǐǏǑNJǩnjǘǔ ǒcǧǜǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǏ
ƴǝǑǦǖǒǗNJǒcƬǕNJǎNJƻNJnjǒǗǔǒǗNJnƻNJ ǘNjǤǏǔǜǥ ƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǖǚǝNjǏǐǘǖnjcǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǒǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ
ǚNJǓ~ǘǜNjǨǚǘnƶǏǍNJǗǘǖ~nƹǘǕǝǖǘǛǜ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǛǜNJǕǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔǚǒǑǒǛcǍǘǎNJǙǘǛǕǏǔǘ
ǗNJǎǏǐǎǥ~ƼǒǖǝǚNJƫNJǢǔNJǏnjNJ ǜǘǚǘǍǘǘǗNJǙǘǩnjǒǕNJǛǦNJcnjǜǘǚǥǖcǷǔǚǒǑǒǛcǍǘǎNJǙǘǛǕǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǘǗNJ
ƮǚǝǍǘǓnjNJǐǗǥǓǎǕǩǎǏ ǘNjǚǏǕNJǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǍǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǩǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǎǏǩǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǔǚǒǑǒǛ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦǗǘ cǍǘǎNJǙǚǒǗǏǛǏǜǛnjǘǒǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗǥǏǙǕǘǎǥƲcnjǙǘǕǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘ
ǝǐǏǛǝǍǝNjǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓcǷnƮǚǏ ǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǗNJǟǘǎǩǣNJǩǛǩǑNJǙǚǏǎǏǕNJǖǒǍǘǚǘǎǘnj
njǘǕǨǠǒǩ~cǷǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǙǏǚnjǥǓǚNJǑ R
  ;

- ǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjcǧǜǘǖNjǝǎǝǣǏǖǘǎǗǘǓǒǑǘǙǘǚǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǜnjNJ
njc c Ǎǘǎǝ njc ƭNJǕǒǡǏ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƫǏ N 
 <
R
 P )
- ?>>@ J  (+-
ǕǘǝǛǘnj njǥnjǘǑǒǜ ǜǝǎNJ  ǛǜǝǎǏǗǜǘnj #N - T
 
(#  +   - ?>>G
ǒcǙǚǏǎnjǘǛǟǒǣNJǏǜǜǘǙǚǏǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǍǘǚǘǎǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǗNJǡǗǏǜǛǩnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǏǓƹNJǚǔNJƭǘǚǦǔǘǍǘnƶǥǛǜǝǎǏǗǜǥƶƪƺƿƲNjǚǏǎǒǕǒǜǘǍǎNJ
ƿNJǎǒǎƫǒǕǦNjNJǘǒcǎǚǝǍǒǖǒǽǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǖǒǔǚǒnjǝǕǒǗNJǖǒǻcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJ
ǏǜƮNJǚǦǩƹNJǚNJǖǘǗǘnjNJcǷƪcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǗNJǖǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǑNJǗǒǖNJǨǜǛǩǔNJǔǒǏǜǘ
ǔǘǗǛǏǚnjNJǜǘǚǥǽǕǨNjǒǜǏǕǒǛǜNJǚǒǗǥǻƲcǔǘǍǎNJƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǙǘǑnjNJǕǗNJǛǙǘǏǟNJǜǦ
ǔǝǎNJǜǘǑNJǔǖǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǡǜǘǜǘǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJNjǥǕǘǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘ
99
ǡǜǘǔǚǘǖǏǽǒǑNjǥǻǖǥǖǘǐǏǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦƷǘǖǥǙǘǏǟNJǕǒ~ ƲcǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒ
ǗNJnjǏǛǗNJǎǚǘǎǗǒǔǘǖNJnjǜǘNjǝǛǗǝǨǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǔǝǒcǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘNjǏǛǏǎǘǔƻNJǖǐǏ
ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǝǟǘǎǒǜǒǑǚǏǛǙǏǔǜNJNjǏǕǦǗǘǓǞǒǚ
ǖǥƻǏǚǍǏǩƴǒǛǏǕǫnjNJǒcǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǖNJǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǛǘǑǎNJnjnjcǜǘǖǐǏ
ƭNJǕǒǡǏǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǘ
ƬcǍǘǎǝǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǙǏǚnjǥǓǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦnƭǘǚǘǎNJ~cǷnjcǝǛNJǎǦ
NjǏƻǝǟNJǗǘnjǘƶǘǕǘǎǥǏǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǑNJǎnjNJǎǗǩǛǘǘǚǝǐNJǨǜǗNJ
ǙǚǒǛǜNJǗǒǎǏǛǩǜǘǔNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjƬǎǘǟǗǘnjǒnjǢǒǛǦǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜNJǖǒǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJ
ǜǘǚǥǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǩcǷƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǒcƪǗǎǚǏǓƪǛNJǎǘnjcǷǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜǙǚǘ
njǘǎǒǜǦǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦǎnjNJǚNJǑNJnjcǍǘǎǛcǔNJǐǎǥǖǚNJǑǘǖǑNJNjǒǚNJǩǛǦnjǛǏǎNJǕǦǢǏ
99 ;  <N-"- N 
 <#-
ǒcǎNJǕǦǢǏǘǜƶǘǛǔnjǥǗNJƫNJǓǔNJǕǗNJƪǕǜNJǓnjcƴǚǥǖnjcƭǚǏǠǒǨƷNJǧǜǒǞǏ
 & %
B   B-

ǛǜǒnjNJǕǒǛǤǏǑǐNJǨǜǛǩǨǗǥǏǑǘǎǡǒǏǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǥǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǒǙǚǘnjǘ 
(X   + <'-
 E
B
- -"-<~
ǎǩǜnjǚǏǖǩnjcǧǔǛǜǚǏǖNJǕǦǗǥǟǝǛǕǘnjǒǩǟǝǡNJǜǛǩǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǒcǛǜǚǘǩǜ ?>@M,-

70 
XXI "
 ǜNJǔǘǏǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǙǘǡǜǒǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǏǜǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǨǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJnjcǒǑNjǏ
ǒcǎNJǐǏǜNJǖǍǎǏǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǖǛǗNJNjǥǕnjǜǘǚǘǓcǷǙǘǕNJǜǒ 
ƺNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǜǏǖǝǙǘǕNJǜǏǓǎnjǝǟǝǚǘnjǗǏnjǘǏǑǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǛǜnjNJ ǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘnjcǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǟǎǘǖNJǟ njcǑǘǗǝǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓnjǥǟǘǎǒǜNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦ


ǛǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǥǖǖǏǛǜǘǖ 7  68  87  92 ǒǕǒǛcǚNJNjǘǡǒǖ 61 ƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǐǏǡǜǘǞǚǘǗǜǜNJǔǘ
ǍǘǎǘǖNJǡNJǛǜǘǒǖǏǏǜǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǜǝǜǖǘǐǗǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǒcǘcǩǡǏǓǔǏ*
ƶǘǒǛǏǩƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍNJ 30  35  65 ƫǘǕǏǏǚǏǎǔǒǖnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǘǖǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǛǕǘǐǗǘǏǖǗǘǍǘ
ǝǚǘnjǗǏnjǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ 73  88 ǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǏǏǛǔǘǚǏǏnjǒǕǕNJǖƹǘǕNJƺǝǎǘǕǞNJ
ƭǘnjǘǚǩǘcǙǕNJǗǏǖǥǜNJǔǐǏnjǒǎǒǖNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǜǒǙǘnj
ƻǘNjǒǚNJǩǧǜǝǔǗǒǍǝNJnjǜǘǚǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǕǡǜǘnjcǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǖǘǖǏǗǜǏǏǙǚǒǎǏǜǛǩ ƼǝǜǏǛǜǦǒcǜNJǔǒǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǥǔNJǔ
njǛǏǜNJǔǒǘǜǙǚNJnjǒǜǦnjcǙǏǡNJǜǦǒcǑNJnjǏǚǢǒǜǦǗNJNjǕǨǎǏǗǒǏǑNJǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǖǎǏ nǎǘǖNjǚǝǛ~ǍǎǏnjǛǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǗNJǗǒǑNJǗǥǗNJ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǘNjǘǚnjNJnjǏǍǘnjcǗǏǔǘǓǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǓǜǘǡǔǏƷǘǔǚǒǑǒǛ ǘǎǗǝǘǛǦ 9  63  68  90 ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǛǦǡNJǛǜǘǑNJnjǏǚǢNJǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓnjǘ
cǍǘǎNJǛNJǖǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǖǒǚǗNJǙNJǝǑǝǒcǡǏǖNjǥǘǗNJǗǒǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǒǕNJǛǦǏǛǜǦ njǏǛǦǜǘǚǏǠ 56  72 ƲǕǒnǎǘǖǍǕNJǍǘǕǏǖ~ǜǘǏǛǜǦNjǝǔnjǘǓnƭ~ǍǎǏǖǏ
ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǡǜǘǖǥǖǘǐǏǖǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǘcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ ǛǜǘǟǘǑǎnjǘǚNJǖǏǐǎǝǎnjǝǖǩǘNjǤǏǖNJǖǒǜǏǙǏǚǦǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǜNJǐǏǜǏǚǚNJ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǔNJǔǘcǛǘǛǜǘǩnjǢǏǖǛǩǩnjǕǏǗǒǒǁǜǘǐǏǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǒǑǛǏNjǩ ǛNJ 14  15  49 ƹǘǙǝǕǩǚǏǗǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓǙǕNJǗ 2  42  74  83 ǡǜǘǕǒǢǦǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǖǘǐǗǘ
ǍǏǚǘǓǔǗǒǍǒcǷǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ#ƶǘǐǗǘǕǒǔNJǔǜǘ ǘǜǗǏǛǜǒǔcǜǏǖǏǖǘǎǝǕǩǟǘǜǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǙǒǕǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnj cǖ 
ǘNjǘNjǣǒǜǦǒcǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǑǘnjNJǜǦǧǜǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǏ#ƸǍǘnjǘǚǒǖǛǩǏǣǏǚNJǑǡǜǘǚǏǡǦ ǛǟǘǐǛcǘNjǥǡǗǘǓǎǕǒǗǘǓNjǚǏnjǗNJnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǏ Ƕcǖ ƲǑǝǛNJǎǏNjǗǘǓǜǚNJǎǒ
ǒǎǏǜǗǏǘcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏnjǘǘNjǣǏNJcǕǒǢǦǘcǜǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜ ǠǒǒǒǎǏǜǎǘǖǛcǎnjǝǖǩǚNJnjǗǘǠǏǗǗǥǖǒǘNjǤǏǖNJǖǒǙǘǔǚNJǩǖ 52 ǗǘnjǗǝǜǚǒǗǏǏ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǒǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥcǷǗǏǘǚǎǒǗNJǚǗǥǏǧǔǛ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǒcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǛǎnjǒǍ 34 ƸǔǕǒǔNJǨǜƹNJǕǕNJǎǒǘǔǚǏǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǏ
ǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǏcǷǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǨǜǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗNJNjǝǎǝǣǏǏ ǙǕNJǗǥ 32  55 ǘcǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǘǛǘNjǗǩǔǏnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜnƼ~ǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǓǙǕNJǗ 70 NJcǒǑǘ
ƽǐǏǛNJǖNJǩǙǏǚnjNJǩǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǛǜǒǔNJcǷǙǕǘǣNJǎǦcǷǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝ ǍǗǝǜNJǩǙǕNJǛǜǒǗNJ 75 cǷǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǝǐǏǒǑǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJǶǟ
ǏǜǘǍǕǝǢNJǨǣǏǏǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǎǘǖǘnjƲǟǙǕǘǣNJǎǒnjNJǚǦǒǚǝǨǜǛǩ ƭǕNJnjǗǘǏǐǏǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǏǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜnjcǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǖǗNJNjǘ
ǘǜcǔnjcǖc ǏǛǜǦǜNJǔǐǏǑǎNJǗǒǩǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǨcǔnjcǖ ǎǘ ǚǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓƴcǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǖǑǘǗNJǖǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǖ ǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǕǒǡǗǥǏ
cǔnjcǖc ǏǛǜǦǒcǙǘǖǏǗǦǢǏcǔnjcǖ ƶǘǐǗǘǔǘǗǏǡ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ ǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǑǘǗǥǝǖǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǜǚǝǎNJ ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJǖNJ
ǗǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǏǘǜǗǘǛǩǜǛǩǔcǛǝǍǝNjǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǖ ǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩ ǑǘǗǥǑǎǘǚǘnjǦǩ ǛǙǘǚǜǑNJǕǛNJǝǗNJNjNJǗǩ ǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǗǘǍǘǚNJǑnjǕǏǡǏǗǒǩ
NJcnjǜǘǚǥǏǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐNJǜǝǑǔǘǖǝǛǏǍǖǏǗǜǝǘǡǏǗǦǎǘǚǘǍǒǟǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǘǛǗǘnjǗNJǩ ǔǒǗǘǑNJǕNjǒǕǦǩǚǎ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǎǏǜǛǔǒǏǔǘǖǗNJǜǥƲcǏǛǕǒnjcǛǜNJǚǘǖǎǘǖǏǔǝǟǗǩ
ǖNJǛǛNJǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǩnjǛǏǐǏǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǘǜǎǘcǔnjcǖƲcǧǜǘǜǚNJǛǔǕNJǎNjǝǎǏǜ ǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǘNjǥǡǗǘǗǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǕǒǛǦnjǖǏǛǜǘǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǡNJǣǏNjǥǕNJnǘNjǣNJǩ
njǙǘǕǗǏǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦǚNJǑNjǚǘǛǝǚNJǑǖǏǚǘnjǒǑNjǥǍǎǏǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǖǒ ǔǘǖǗNJǜNJ~ ǛǕǝǐǒnjǢNJǩǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǓ NJcnjǖǏǛǜǘǛǙNJǕǏǗcǷǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏ
ǎǘǖNJǖǒƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJ ǚNJǑǖǏǚǘǖǎǘcǔnjcǖ NjǥǕǒǒcǛǘnjǛǏǖǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǏ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǥǜǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǘǗǒǡǏǜǔǘǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǥƹǘǖǒǖǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦ
ǎǘǖǒǢǔǒ Ƕcǔnjcǖ ǒcNjǘǕǏǏǖNJǛǛǘnjǥǓǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜnjcǶcǔnjcǖ ǗǥǓǗNJNjǘǚǚNJǑǚǘǛǛǩǝǛǕǘǐǗǒǕǛǩǒcǛǜNJǕǡǏǜǔǘǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǝnjǏǕǒǡǒ
ƫǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǛǜnjǘǙǚǘǛǧǜNJǐǗǘǛǜǒǧǜǘǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǘǎǒǗǒǕǒǎnjNJ ǕǒǛǦǚNJǑǖǏǚǥǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓǒcnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ 21  24 
ǧǜNJǐNJǚǏǐǏcǷǜǚǒǗǘǡNJǛǜǘǒǖǏǏǜǛǩǙǘǎnjNJǕNJcǒǗǘǍǎNJǒcǗǏǔNJǩ ƭǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǕǝǐǒǜǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǎǘǖNJǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǩǛǦ ǒǕǒǛǘnjǖǏǣNJǩǛǦ Ǜǘ
ǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǜǘǏǛǜǦǜǚǏǜǒǓǒǕǒǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǥǓǧǜNJǐǁǜǘnjǙǚǘǡǏǖ ǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǒcǔǝǟǗǏǓǡǜǘǜǘǐǏ ǑNJnjǥǡǏǜǘǖǛǗNJ ǛǕǏǎǝǏǜǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǘNjǣǏǍǘǙǚǘ
ǜǘǐǏǗǏǛǒǕǦǗǘǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǛǩǘǜǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǘnjǎǘǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǘǍǘ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥǍǎǏǒcǍǘǜǘnjǒǕǒǒcǏǕǒǒcǘNjǣNJǕǒǛǦƼǚǒǧǜǒǞǝǗǔǠǒǒ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǘǍǘ ǗǘǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǛcǖNJǗǛNJǚ ǖǘǍǝǜǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǜǦǛǩǗNJǚNJǑǗǥǟǙǘǕǝǝǚǘnjǗǩǟǗNJǟǘǎǩǛǦǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcnjǒǑǝNJǕǦ
ǎǘǓ ǒǕǒǛǏnjǏǚǗǘǍǘǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǘǍǘ ǜNJǔǐǏǡNJǛǜǘǛǘǛnjǏǜǏǕǔǘǓǒǕǒǡǏǚǎNJǔǘǖ  ǗǘǓǛnjǩǑǒǡǜǘǎǏǕNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǛǕǘǐǗǏǏǒcǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏ 3  10 ƸǛǗǘnjǗǘǏ
ƺNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐnjcǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǟǒǑNjNJǟǡNJǣǏNjǥǕǗǏǐǒǕǘǓNJcǛǏǍǘǎǗǩnjǛǏ ǐǏǗǘnjǢǏǛǜnjǘnjcǚǏǢǏǗǒǒǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǙǘǖǒǖǘǏǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǚNJǑ
ǖǝǛǘǙǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǏǖǝ ǜǚNJǗǛǙǘǚǜǝǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǝǐǒnjǗǘǛǜǒ ǘǜnjǘǎǩǜǛǩǡNJǣǏǘǜ ǖǏǚNJ cǷǧǜǘnjǜǘǚǘǓǛnjǏǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǚǏǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǏǜǏǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘnjcǛǚNJnj
ǎǏǕǦǗǥǏǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒǗǘǍǎNJǍNJǚNJǐ 63  67  79  97 ǒǕǒNjNJǗǩ 5  9  30  81 ǛǜNJ ǗǏǗǒǒǛcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǖǒǑNjǥ 4  21  24  28  36 ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦnjǥ
ǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǨǘNjǤǏǖNJǎǘǖNJcǷǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǩnjcǧǜǘǖǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǒǒǑNjNJǖƻǏnjǏǚNJ ǎǏǕǏǗNJnjcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖ 70  77 ǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǒǚǝǩǛnjǘǨǑNJǍǕNJnjǗǝǨǚǘǕǦ
ǍǎǏǒcǕǨǎǒǒcǛǔǘǜǒcǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǘǛǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǒǙǘǎǘNjǣǏǓǔǚǥǢǏǓ ƻǏǚǎǠǏǖǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǘNjǥǡǗǘǛǕǝǐǒǜǔNJǖǒǗǑNJǖǏǗǒnjǢǒǓǗNJǧǜǘǖ
ƬǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǑǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘnjǗǒǑǝcǷ ǖǏǛǜǏǙǏǡǦ ǒǗǘǍǎNJǘǗNJǜǘǐǏǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ NJcǠǏǗǜǚǘǖcǷNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǛǜǘǕLJǜǘ
ǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ ǔǝǟǗǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ ǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǛǠǏǗNJǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǔNJǔǚǩǎǥNJǖǞǒǜǏNJǜǚNJǘǔǚǝ
ƷǏnjǑǒǚNJǩǗNJǜǘǡǜǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǒǑǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǝǢǕNJ ǐNJǨǜǙǘǕǝǝǚǘnjǗǒǙǘǎǒǝǖǥNjNJǕǔǘǗǥǒcNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒ 4  10  24  25  61 ƼǚNJǙǏǑNJǒcǏǏ

72 
ǙǚǒǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǏǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǖǛǘǎǏǚǐNJǗǒǏǖǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǙǚǘǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷǙǏǚnjǥǖǘNjNJǧǜǒǟǙǚǒǏǖNJǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǒǕƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƪǛǛ 14 
ǒcǍǘǜǘnjǘǡǗǥǓǛǜǘǕǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗnjcǙǘǛǜNJǖǏǗǜ 55  76 ƯǛǕǒǐǏǔǝǟǗǩ ƪcǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǙNJǞǘǛǗǘǘǞǘǚǖǒǜǦǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǙǘǚǜǒǔǘǖ 56 ǷǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝnj
njǥǎǏǕǏǗNJnjcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǜǘnjcǗǏǓ ǙǘǖǒǖǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǚNJǑǖǏ ǏǏǙǏǚnjǘǛǜNJǜǏǓǗǘǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏnjcǐǒǑǗǒǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǢǗǏǍǘǎNJǡǗǒǔNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǚNJ ǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǛǜNJǕǘǗNJǕǒǡǒǏǘǔǗNJǙǏǚǏǎǍǕNJǑNJǖǒǍǘǜǘnjǩǣǏǍǘƬcǚǘǕǒ ƷǘǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǖǘǐǗǘǒcǗǏǚNJǑǍǘǗǩǜǦNJcǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǝǜǦnjǘǔǚǝǍǎǘǖNJcǷ
nǔǚNJǛǗǘǍǘǝǍǕNJ~ǍǎǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǕǒǛǦǒǔǘǗǥǜǏǙǏǚǦǘNjǥǡǗǘnǙǕNJǑǖNJ~cǷnjǜǘ ǜNJǔǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǙǏǚǏǔǒǎǥnjNJǏǜǖǘǛǜǒǔǝǐǏǗǏǔcǒǑNjǏNJcǛǘnjǛǏǖ
ǚNJǩǛnjǩǣǏǗǗNJǩǔǘǚǘnjNJǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǗǘǒǗǘǍǎNJǛcǗǏǓǛǙǘǚǒǜ ǔcǎǚǝǍǘǖǝǐNJǗǚǝǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǔcǠǏǚǔnjǩǖǒcǡNJ
ǑNJǕǒǎǏǚǛǜnjǘǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘ 5  14 ƯǣǏǘǎǗǒǖǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǏǖǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǛǘnjǗǩǖǍǎǏǙǘǎǘNjǗNJǩǍNJǕǏǚǏǓǔNJ ǍǝǕǦNjǒǣǏ ǒǍǚNJǕNJǙǘǟǘǐǝǨ
ǡNJǛǜǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǧǞǞǏǔǜǗNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐ 67  71  74 ǙǘǚǘǓǙǚNJǔ ǚǘǕǦǛǕǝǐNJǖǏǛǜǘǖǗǏǞǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǘNjǣǏǗǒǩ 19  21 LJǜǘǗǏ
ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚNJnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǡǜǘǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǜǘǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝcǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǍǘǑǘǎ
ƻǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǛǔǕǘǗǏǗǒǑNjǏǍNJǜǦǔǘǚǒǎǘ ǡǏǛǜnjNJƲǗǘǍǎNJǘNjǤǏǖǎǘǖNJǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǖǗǘǍǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǓǙǕNJǗǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǣǒǓ
ǚǘnjnjcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǎǘǖǏcǷǔNJǔǚNJǎǒǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǒǖǏǛǜNJǜNJǔǒcnjǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǒǏǚǘ ǘcnjǘǛǦǖǏǚǒǔNJǟcǷǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩǝǨǜǗǘǏǘNjǗǒǖNJǨǣǏǏǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ
ǎǘnjǘǓǜǚNJnjǖǥ njcǖNJǕǘǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǗǥǟǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJǟǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǥǑNJǗǒǖNJǕǒ njǙǘǕǗǏnjcǕǘǍǒǔǏǛǘNjǘǚǗǘǍǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǩnjcǟǚNJǖǏ NJcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǎǘNjǥnjNJǨǣǒǓǎǘ
NjǏǛǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǖǗǘǍǘǖǏǛǜNJ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǏǛǕǒǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǗǏǛǔǘnjNJǗNjǨǎǐǏǜǘǖ ǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǏnjǒǎǥ 3  8  55 ƼǏǖNJnnjǒǎNJ~njǘǘNjǣǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǘǛǗǘnjǘǙǘǕNJ
ǜǘǔǘǚǒǎǘǚnjǙǘǕǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǙǘǩnjǒǜǦǛǩNJcǙǘǚǘǓǎNJǐǏǒcNJǗǞǒǕNJǎNJ 47  62 ƫǘǕǏǏ ǍNJǨǣǏǓǒcǎǕǩǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǩǎǘǖNJnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǒcǎǕǩǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǘǜǎǏǕǦ
ǜǘǍǘǝcƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJǘǗNJǡNJǛǜǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǙNJǛǛNJǐcǷNjǝǎǝǡǒǘǛ ǗǥǟǏǍǘǡNJǛǜǏǓcǷnjcǙǘǕǗǘǖǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒǛcǖǏǡǜǘǨǞǒǕNJǜǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǠNJǚǩnǁǜǘNj
njǏǣǏǗǗǘǓǛnjǏǚǟǝǒǕǒǗNJǜǘǚǠNJǟ 17  52 ǡǜǘǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǛǚNJǑǝ ǗNJǏǖNjǥǕNJnjǒǎǗNJƴNJǔǗNJǔNJǚǜǏnjǛǩǛǜǚNJǗNJcƹǘǜǘǖǝǔNJǔǖǗǏǛcNjNJǕǔǘǗǝ
ǎnjǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒcǷǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǒcǙNJǛǛNJǐNJ<-<cnjǏǔNJƲǑǜǘǓǐǏǝǛNJǎǏNjǗǘǓǜǚNJǎǒ ƷǏǜǘNjǑǘǚǝǗǒǟǚǏǗNJ~ƬǖǏǛǜǘNjNJǕǔǘǗǘnjǙǚNJnjǎNJǡNJǣǏǎǏǕNJǨǜǕǘǎǐǒǒ
ǠǒǒǙǚǒǢǏǕnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǔNJNjǒǗǏǜcǷǡNJǣǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJ NJcǏǣǏǘǎǗǒǖǟǘǎǘǖǎǕǩǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǏǗǒǩnjǒǎǘnjǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǧǚǔǏǚǥ 48  53  54 njǙǏǚ
ǐǏ NJcǏǣǏǕǝǡǢǏnjcNjNJǢǗǏ ǡǜǘNjǥǙǚǏǎǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǟǘǑǩǒǗǝǎǘǕǐǗǘǏǝǏǎǒǗǏ njǥǏǙǘǩnjǒnjǢǒǏǛǩnjcǎNJǡNJǟƸǎǗNJǔǘǛNJǖǥǓǧǔǛǜǚNJnjNJǍNJǗǜǗǥǓǧǚǔǏǚNjNJǚNJNjNJǗ
ǗǒǏ 53  93 ƺǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǗǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjcǖNJǗǛNJǚǎNJǟǒcǎNJǐǏǗNJǡǏǚǎNJǔNJǟ ƼǘǜNJǗNJƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJ 20 ǛǗǘnjNJnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǗNJǛǔcǒǑNjǏcǷǔcǜǏǖǏǔǚǥǕǦǠNJnjǥ
ǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǏǛǕǒǗNJǎǗǒǖǒǘǛǜǚǥǓǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǔǚǥǢǒ 22  68  ǛǘǔǘǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǨǣǏǍǘǛǩnjǎǘǕǦǛǜǏǗǥǛǚǝNjNJ
ƷNJǒnjNJǐǗǏǓǢǒǖǖǏǛǜǘǖnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǎǘǖǏǩnjǕǩ ƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǐǏǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǘǔNJǔNJǗǜǒ
ǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJcǷǒǑǝǛNJǎǏNjǙǏǚǏǔǘǡǏnjNJnjǢNJǩnjcǎNJǡǒǒcǛǜNJnjǢNJǩ ǔǚǥǕǦǠǘcǷǗǏnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǏǏNJcnjǎNJnjǕǏǗǗǘǏnjcǜǏǕǘǎǘǖNJ 22  47  60 
ǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǛǖǥǛǕǘǖǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǟƬǏǛǦǛǖǥǛǕǎNJǡǒcǷǧǜǘNjǥǜǦǗNJ LJǜǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǩNJcǜǘǐǏnjǘǑnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǔcǑNJ
ǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ ǗǘǗǏnjcǘǍǘǚǘǎǏǡǜǘǚǏǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǜǎǏǕǩǕǘǎNJǡǗǒǔNJǘǜ NjǥǜǘǖǝnƬǟǘǎǡǏǚǏǑǙǘǎǔǕǏǜǗǏǜNJǔǧǞǞǏǔǜǏǗǔNJǔǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǗNJ
ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJ ǒcǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǏǓǡǜǘNjǥǖǘǐǗǘ ǛǜǘǕNjNJǟcǷǙǒǛNJǕƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǩǙǘǟǘǐǒǓ
NjǥǕǘǒcnjǘǑǎǝǟǘǖǎǥǢNJǜǦǒcǡNJǒǍǘǗǩǜǦǒcǚNJǑǍǘnjǘǚǥǚNJǑǍǘnjNJǚǒnjNJǜǦƼǏǚǚNJǛǏ ǙǚǒǏǖnjcǎǘǖǏƼǚǏǜǦǩǔǘnjNJǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƭNJǚǦcǷǗǘǑNJǜǘǝcǗǏǍǘǏǛǜǦǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǚ
ǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩNjǥǜǦǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǓ 21  54  82 ǙǘǚǘǓnjcǜǚǏǜǦǎǘǖNJ 39  92 NJcǏǣǏ ǗǥǏǙǚǏǒǖǝǣǏǛǜnjNJǏǍǘǗǏǑNJǗǘǛǩǜǛǗǏǐǗǥǏǛǝǍǚǘNjǥǒcǗǏǑNJǕǒnjNJǨǜǎǘ
100
ǕǝǡǢǏǒǖǏǜǦnjcǎǘǖǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǏǚǚNJǛǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjcǗǏǖǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǥǟǘNjǒǜNJǜǏ ǐǎǒ~ ƻǔnjǘǑǗǘǏǘǜnjǏǚǛǜǒǏnjcǎǘǖǏNjǨǚǘnƿƬƸlj~ 90 ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜnjǑnjǘǑnjcǛǏ
ǕǏǓ 40  74 ǡǜǘǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǏǜǔNJǐǎǘǖǝǚNJnjǗǥǏǙǚNJnjNJǗNJǛnjǏǐǒǓnjǘǑǎǝǟ NJcǜNJǔǐǏ njǏǚǗǘǖǎǘǖǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎǏǕNJǕǛǩǎǕǩǕǘǢNJǎǏǓǒcǡNJǛǜǘǛǘǛǔnjǘǑǗǥǖǙǚǘǟǘǎǘǖ
ǒcǗNJǙǘǔǝǚǒǜǦ ƼǏǚǚNJǛNJǡNJǛǜǘǑNJNjǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦnjcǕǘǎ ǡǜǘNjǥǜǏǕǏǍǝǗǏǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǜǦ ƪcnjǘǜǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩnjǒǗǜǘnjNJǩǕǏǛǜ
ǐǒǨ 86  93 ǗǘǧǜǘǚǏǎǔǘNjNJǕǔǘǗ 31  45 ƿNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǡǜǘǒcnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǘǏ ǗǒǠNJ 21 ǷǧǜǘǝǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnƶNJǟǘǚǔNJ~ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJ
ǗǘǗǏǘNjǘǍǚǏnjNJǏǖǘǏǜǘǏǛǜǦǛǝǍǝNjǘǕǏǜǗǏǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏ njcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǟ ƮǚǝǍǘǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǎǘǖNJcǷǘǔǗǘcǷǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǙǕNJǠǎNJǚ
ǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǚǏǎǔǘNJcǏǛǕǒǒcǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩǛǗǒǑǝǎǘnjǏǚǟǝ 60  68  ǖǘǖNjǘǏnjǛcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓnjcǒǑNjǏǛnjǏǜNJNjǥǕǘǖNJǕǘƻǗNJǡNJǕNJǘǔǗNJ
ƴǝǕǦǜǜǏǚǚNJǛǥcǷǧǜǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǡǜǘǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǑNJ ǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJǨǜǛǩnjcǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǟǒcǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǏǑNJǜǏǖǘNjǚǏǜNJǨǜnjǛǏ
ǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǎǘǖǘǜǒǑNjǥƴǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗǝǚNJǛǛǕNJNjǕǩǜǦǛǩNjǥǕǘǗǏǔǘǍǎNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ NjǘǕǏǏǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏ 5  60  67 
ǒcǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǘǗNJǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǍǎNJǔǘǍǎNJǝcǕǨǎǏǓǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǏnjǚǏ ǔǚǝǍǕǥǏ 13  84 ǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǏ 14 ƹǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǏǛǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏ
ǖǩcǷnjcǧǙǘǟǝǡǏǟǘnjǛǔǒǟǎNJǡǗǒǔǘnjƷǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛcǙǘǕǗǥǖǝǛǙǏǟǘǖ ǗǒǏǖƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǘǎǗNJǔǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚLJǎǝNJǚǎƱNJNjǝǍNJǛǏǓǞNJǔǜǘǛǙNJǚǒnjNJǏǜ
ǛǕǝǐǒǜǒcǚNJNjǘǡǏǓǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǏǓǎǕǩǜǚǝǐǏǗǒǔǘnjǝǖǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘ NJcǑǗNJǡǒǜnjǛǏ nƶǘǓǎǏǎǐǒǕnjcNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǘǖǎǘǖǏǗNJƪǕǜNJǏƬǗǝǜǚǒǛǜǘǩǕǎǕǒǗǗǥǓnjǥ
ǡNJǣǏǝǎNJǕǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǜǚǝǎNJ ƯRXVIRSYWǍǎǏǏǣǏǜNJǔǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǙǒǢǏǜǛǩǔNJǔ ǛǔǘNjǕǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕNJcnjǎǘǕǦǗǏǍǘǜǩǗǝǕǘǛǦǜNJǔǘǏǐǏǎǕǒǗǗǘǏǕǏǐNJǣǏǏǘǔǗǘ
ǗǏǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǏ# ƷǘnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǏǛǜǘǎǕǩǘNjǣǏǗǒǩ NjǏǑǏǎǒǗǘǍǘǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜNJƲcnjǘǜǜǥǛǒǎǒǢǦǑNJǗǒǖǙǦǏǢǦǡNJǓǒǑǛNJǖǘnjNJǚNJǒcnjǒ
100 U% 
 <-"- X  - 101
ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǡǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǜǏǖǕǝǡǢǏƹǘǜǘǖǝǐǏǏǏǡNJǛǜǘǎǏǕNJǨǜǛǏ     - #$ 
ǎǒǢǦǕǏǛǗNJǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj~ ƸǔǘǗǗǥǏǙǚǘǏǖǥǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩnjcǔǚǥǢNJǟ 48  76 
ǍǘǎǗǩǗǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǗǘǓcǷǡǜǘNjǥǘǗNJǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǏǣǏNjǘǕǦǢǏNJcǛnjǩǑǦǛcǙǚǒǚǘ   - '-F   @G=I-
101    


NJcƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǙǘǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǏǣǏǟǒǜǚǏǏǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǔǚǥǢǝǗNJǛǜǚǘ
ǎǘǓcǷǏǣǏǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǏǓ 45  49 ƻcǜǘǓǐǏǠǏǕǦǨǡǏǚǏǑǙNJǕǝNjǝǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǖǘǐǗǘ   @GGG< - ǙǒǕNJǟǡǜǘNjǥǘǛǜǏǔǕǒǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǙǘǎǗǏǨ 23  79 ƸǔǗNJǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǚNJǑ

74 
ǚNJǛǜNJǨǜǛǩnjǘnjǏǛǦǞNJǛNJǎ 76 ǑNJǗǒǖNJǨǜnjǏǛǦǜǘǚǏǠǎǘǖNJ 49  58  65  66 ǒcnjcǔǘǗǠǏ ƮǚǝǍǘǓǕǨNjǒǖǥǓǛǨǐǏǜƿƿnjǏǔNJcǷǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǓǝǍǘǕcǷǎǕǩ
ǔǘǗǠǘnjǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǛǜǏǗNJǖǒ 34  70  77  ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǗǏǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǏǗǗǘǎǕǩǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǩǒǕǕǨǑǒǒ
ƻǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǜǘǚǠNJǎǏǕNJǏǜǘǛǘNjǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǓǎnjǝǛǔNJǜ ǘǗǘǍǘǖǘǍǝǜNjǥǜǦǑNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǥǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩcǷǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǚǏǓǔNJ
ǗǝǨǔǚǘnjǕǨǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǜNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǔNJǔNjǥǘǜǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǒcnjǘǛ ǘNjǚNJǑǝǨǣNJǩǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒ 82  97 ƹǘǟǘǐǒǓǛǜNJǜǝǛǒǖǏǨǜǛǜNJnj
ǙNJǚǩǏǜ 34  65  66 ƷNJǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǖǘNjǤǏǖǏǟǘǚǘǢǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǒcǘǎ ǗǒǔNJǚǎǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǨǣǒǏǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJcǷnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǙǘǕǗǘǓǏǍǘǍǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǘ
ǗǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩ ǔǚǘnjǕǩ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘ ǏǛǕǒ ǒǖǏǏǜ NjǘǕǦǢǘǓ ǝǍǘǕ Ǜǜǒ 45  64  69  83 ƲǕǒǜNJǔǘǓǛǝǍǝNjǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǙǚǒǏǖǔNJǔǞNJǛNJǎǒǑǎǚǘnj
ǗNJǔǕǘǗNJ 3  6  30 ƷNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǏǙǕǘǛǔǒǏǔǚǘnjǕǒnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǔǕǒǖNJǜǏ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǒǎǝǜǗNJǚNJǛǜǘǙǔǝ 78 LJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǥǓǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnj
njǛǏǜNJǔǒǚǏǎǔǒǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǘǘǗǒǕǒǢǦǖNJǛǔǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǙǘǎnǡǏǛǜǗǥǓǖǘ ǗǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǡNJǛǜǘǒǖǏǨǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǝǨǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǝǨǜNJǔǎǕǩǙǝǣǏǓ
ǎǏǚǗǒǑǖ~ǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǩǛǦǗNJǙǘnjǏǚǔǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǖǒ 47  75  90 ǡǜǘnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǒǡǝǜǦ ǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒǖǘǐǗǘǎNJǕǏǔǘnjǥǙǝǛǜǒǜǦNjǚǏnjǗNJ 23 ǒǕǒǔNJǔNjǥǗǏNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘ
ǗǏǙǘǚǜǒǜǘNjǚNJǑƪcǖǘǣǗǥǓnjǥǕǏǜǙǘǡǜǒǙǕǘǛǔǒǟǔǚǥǢ 52  70  79 ǚǘǐǎNJǏǜ ǒǟǛǕǘǐǒǜǦǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǩǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǛǜNJǚǏǗǒǏǛǚǝNjNJ 7 ƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍ
ǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJǍǎǏǑNJnjǜǘǚǝǨǡNJǛǜǦ ǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǚNJǑǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǏǜǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦnjǍǕǝNjǦǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩnnjǒNjǚNJǠǒǨ~ǎnjǝǟǛǕǘ
ǛǕǘnjNJǘǜnjǏǡNJǨǜǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǒcǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏNJcǑNJǙǏǚ ǏnjǞNJǛNJǎNJ 10  73 ƻǏǚǍǏǓƴǘǕǡǒǗǙǚǒNjǏǍNJǏǜǔcǚǏǑǦNjǏcǷǙǚNJnjǎNJnjcǝǔǚǝǙǗǏǗǗǘǖ
njǝǨcǷǖNJǛǛǒnjǗǘǛǜǦNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǘǍǘǕNJǞǏǜNJƺǏǎǔǒǙǘǕǝnjNJǕǦǖǘnjǥǏǔǚǘnjǕǒ ǒcǛǟǏǖNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǖnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǏ 98 NJcƹǏǜǚƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjǒǍǚNJǏǜnjcǙǘǟǘǐǝǨǒǍǚǝ
ǖǘǎǏǚǗNJ 53 ǙǒǚNJǖǒǎǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǏ 83 ǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǗNJǔǕǏǏǗǥǟNjNJǕǔNJǟ 18  ǛcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒcǷǔNJǔNjǥǙǚǘǙǝǛǔNJǩǒǟǡǏǚǏǑǔǘǖǙǦǨǜǏǚc 63 ǡǜǘnjcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒ
ǑNJǜǘǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘnǘNjǏǚǜǥnjNJǗǒǏ~ǎǘǖNJǘǎǗǒǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖ 45  48  66 ǔǘǍǎNJǔǚǥ ǛcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǘǖǎǘǖNJǑnjǝǡǒǜǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǘǛǜǚǘƸǗǐǏ
ǢNJǗǏǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǏǜnjcǛǜǏǗǥƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǑNjNJǜǘǐǏǚǝNjǒǕNJǛǦǒǑǘǎǗǘǍǘ ǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǎǕǩǘǜǎǏǕǔǒǎǏǛǩǜǘǔǚNJǑǗǥǟǜǒǙǘnjǎǏǚǏnjNJ 38 NJcƫǘǚǒǛƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘ
ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǖǥnjǒǎǒǖǛǔǘǚǏǏNJǕǕǨǑǒǨǗNJǜǏǔǝǡǒǓNjǏǜǘǗǖǘǎǏǚ ǗǒǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǛNJǖǥǓǚǒǛǔǘnjǥǓǙǝǜǦnjnjǘǎǩnjcǞNJǛNJǎǑǏǚǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǙǒǔǛǏǕǒ 47 
ǗǒǑǖNJƪcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǘǜǚǥnjNJǏǜǔǚǥǢǝǘǜǎǘǖNJǙǘǕǗǘ ƯǣǏǘǎǗǒǖǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǥǖǛǨǐǏǜǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǚNJǛǔǚNJǛǔNJǎǏ
ǛǜǦǨ 25 ǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǩǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǓǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǙNJ ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǧǜǘǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǔNJǔǛǏǚǥǓǠnjǏǜǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǨ
ǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǘǖNJ ǣǒǓǛǘǛǜNJǚǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ 10  64 ǜNJǔǒcnjǏǡǗǘǖǘǎǗǥǓ ǗǘǗǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ƸǛǜǚǘǜǝǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǘNjǤǏǖǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏnjcnjǒǎǏ ǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǡǏǚǗǥǓ 45  71  85  97 ǚǏǎǔǘcǷNjǏǕǥǓ 61 ǒǕǒnjǎǚǝǍ
ǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǍǘǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎNJ 63  90 njcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟ ǎNJǐǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǓ 16  44  95 cǷǜǘǐǏnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒǖǏǨǣǒǓNJǗNJǕǘǍǒ
ǘNjǚǏǜNJǨǣǏǏnjǏǛǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǗNJ 38  49 ƴcǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJ njcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏnjcǐǒǕǘǓƲǕǒǝǐǏǗǏǒǖǏǨǣǒǓǗǒ
ǕǒǛǜǛǔǘǓnjǏǜnjǒǖǘǐǗǘǘǜǗǏǛǜǒǘNjǤǏǖǥǍǎǏǒǑǠǏǕǘǍǘǔNJǔNjǥ ǔNJǔǒǟNJǗNJǕǘǍǘnjǘǚNJǗǐǏnjǥǓ 84 
ǒǑǤǩǜǥǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥcǷǙǚǒǡǏǖǧǜǘǖǘǍǝǜNjǥǜǦǔNJǔǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜ ƹǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǏǡǜǘǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǘǛǦnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖ
ǛǔǒǏNjǚǝǛǔǒ 25  71 ǜNJǔǒcǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǙǘǎǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǔǚǘnjǕǏǓ 14  86 ƶǘǎ ǎǘǖǏcǷǧǜǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎƽǕǒǠNJǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǔǘǜǜǏǎǐǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǏǕǔNJ
ǗNJǩǜǏǖNJǖǒǚǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗǝǕǏnjǥǟǍǘǎǘnjcǷnǞNJǛNJǎǔNJǔǛǚǏǑ~cǷǒǖǏǏǜ ǝǜǚNJǜǒǕNJnjǛǩǔǘǏǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǜǒnjǗǘǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏǔNJǔǘǏǏǣǏǒǖǏǕNJnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟ
njcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏǔNJǔǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǓnjNJǚǒNJǗǜ 58  59  66 ǜNJǔǒcnjǏǚǛǒǨǍǎǏǛǚǏǑ ǎNJǡNJǟǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǟƷǘnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǜǏǖǙǏǚǏǛǜNJǕNJNjǥǜǦǒcǜǘǓǩǚ
ǑNJǢǒǜǎǘǛǔNJǖǒ 83 ƯǣǏǎNJǕǦǢǏnjcǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗǘǛǜǦǎnjǒǍNJǨǜǛǩǎǘǖNJǛǘǛǔǘ ǖNJǚǔǘǓǜǣǏǛǕNJnjǒǩǔNJǔǘǓNjǥǕNJnjcǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǍǘǎǥƪǚǟNJǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǐǏǕNJ
ǢǏǗǗǥǖǒǔǘǗǦǔNJǖǒǒǕǒǠǏǕǥǖǒǔǚǥǢNJǖǒ 81  93  94 ǎǘǟǘǎǩǙǘǚǘǓǎǘǔǚNJǓ ǗǒǏǝǜǏǚǏǜǦǗǘǛǛǘǛǏǎǝNjǥǕǘnjǥǜǏǛǗǏǗǘǙNJǚNJǗǘǓǏǓNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒǑNJNjǘǚǥ
ǗǏǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǒ 91 ƫǘǕǏǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘ ǗǘǘǜǜǘǍǘǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǧǞ njǥǚNJǛǜNJǕǒǙǘǎǜǚǒǖǏǜǚNJ NJcǜǘǒcnjǥǢǏ ǒǑǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǜǘǜǛNJǖǥǓǗǘǛǏǎnjNJ
ǞǏǔǜǗǘ njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǠǒǕǒǗǎǚ 33 ǒǕǒǔǝǙǘǕ 51  njǒǎǗǏǕǛǩƪcǎǕǩǎǘǖNJǛǜNJǕǘǗǘǚǖǘǓǙǘnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǔcǕǏǛǝ ǝǡNJǛǜǔǝ ǙǏǚǏ
ƶǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔNJǩǜǏǖNJǙǚǏǘǎǘǕǏǗǒǩǜǩǍǘǜǏǗǒǩnjǥǚNJǐNJǏǜǛǩNjǝǔ ǎǘǖǔcǝǕǒǠǏcǷǑNJǎǘǖǗǏnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖNJcǡNJǛǜǘǒcnjǘnjǛǏǍǕǝǟǒǖǞNJǛNJǎǘǖ
njNJǕǦǗǘǔǘǍǎNJǎǘǖǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǗǘǐǔǒǛnjNJǒ 11  13 ǗǏǎnjǝǛ NJcǒǗǘǍǎNJǛǕǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǛcǑNJNjǘǚǘǖ ƷǘǑNJǜǘǔǘǎnjǘǚǝǎǘǖǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjǛǏǖǒ
ǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǙǥǜNJǩǛǦǒǑNjǥǜǦǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨǜǩǐǏǛǜǦǒǑNjǥƱǗNJǖǏ ǛnjǘǒǖǒǞǒNjǚNJǖǒnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǞNJǛNJǎǗNJǩǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦǔNJǔNjǥǒǛǡǏǑNJǏǜ
ǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘnjǜǘǚǩǜǜNJǔǒǏǎǘǖNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǗǘ NJcǗNJǏǏǖǏǛǜǏǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ 80 ǒǕǒǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǗǗNJǩǙǘǛǕǘǩǖǛǜǚǝǔ
ǒcNJǖNjNJǚNJǖǒcǕNJNjNJǑNJǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘǜǚǥnjNJǕǒǛǦǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǎNJNjǥǗǏ ǜǝǚNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǣNJǩǔNJǔǜǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘNjǏǑǑNJǣǒǜǗǘǒcǘǜǜǘǍǘǙǚǒǜǩǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǘ 17 
ǍǗǒǜǦǙǚǘnjǏǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǛǙNJǛǜǒǛǦǘǜǍǚǥǑǝǗǘnjǒcNjǥǜǦǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǥǖǒnjcǛǒǕǦ LJǜǘǜǚNJǑnjǘǚǘǜǎǘǖNJǔcǝǡNJǛǜǔǝǔNJǑNJǕǛǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǖ
ǗǥǓǛǗǏǍǘǙNJǎƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǙNJǚǒǜǦǖǘǍǝǜǛǏNjǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǜǘǕǦǔǘ nNjǘǕǏǑǗǦǨǚǘǛǜNJ~cǷǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǔNJǔǒcnjǥǢǏǝǙǘǖǩǗǝǜNJǩǩǚǖNJǚǔNJǜǣǏǛǕNJnjǒǩ
ǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥ 16  30  43  58 ǗǘǛnjNJǒǑNJnjǘǏnjǥnjNJǨǜǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǦǙǘnjǛǏ ǟƷǘǙNJǗǎǏǖǒǩnjǘnjǚǏǖǩǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǖǥǛǎNJǏǖǧǜǝǔǗǒǍǝnjcǙǏǡNJǜǦǑNJǛǜNJnj
ǖǏǛǜǗǘcǷǔNJǔNjǘǕǏǏǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏ 84  85 ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒǗǘǍǎNJǎǘǖǙNJ ǕǩǏǜǎǝǖNJǜǦǡǜǘNJǜǘǖǒǑNJǠǒǩǒcNJnjǜǘǗǘǖǒǑNJǠǒǩǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJ NJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǒcǐǒ
ǚǒǜǘǙǒǚNJǩǛǦǗNJǎnjǏǜǘǡǔǒnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǏǛǜǦǎnjNJǎǘǖNJǖǘǛǜNJ 21  87 ƹǘǚǘǓ ǕǒǣNJ NjǝǎǝǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJǜǦǛǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛNJǖǐNJǗǚnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ
ǐǏǎǘǖǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǘǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩǗNJnjǘǎǝǒcǘǜǙǚNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩnjcǙǕNJnjNJǗǒǏ 6  12  95  ǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǘǖ~ǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǏǜǛǩcǷǙǘǜǏǖǐǏǙǚǒǡǒǗNJǖcǷǛcǗǘnjǘǓǛǒǕǘǓƫǕNJǍǘ
NJcǒǗǘǍǎNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏnjcǙǘǕǏǜ 89  ǖǏǛǜNJnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘ

76 
<55


78
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
1.
 

ɭ " 

  -
;   < 
ɯ

a
" " -
:
F % /

 

W<;*X"‡ˆ JVU '*) V^V N*R‰#- W<x<<@GHM<#UN VXUŠ

 

- R <..  R
  
- "B: V*)‰V"U' wR')W- <;*X"‡' V^V  VXUˆTX'^
: 
 

W  _
E - wX*#VXXU")- W<<VXU) <X*'URVXU")F
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ɮ

<E
B ^

-
<
  (E
B @=<^_VJU" "<X!UV* !‡)U‹ <JU#N R_)‰ ;*X*VXUˆJ V)
 . 

- ?>@>


 
 

+- @GI@Y@GAA ;X*wxV‰ RUVXR`‡- <' "* !‡)U J^_RU _VU ' ;UJw‡"Š

   
 )- UR #U"UXWVF ;UJxV* R' RVUW~*#U _VRU#U ;X*N;XŠ
R'V*)W- <VU#N w'#^!*XRVUX JU 'R* ;X*.)- <W<<#U"UX]F
1998
_*#U . ;U #UVR`' VJV‰Œ N"ˆV* W<;UVXU] NU'- !^N*'

 
  
V^V <R' wRJU'V‰W U"'*VR‡* ;X*N;XWVW UwN"V‰-
R^<<UVN‡.V‰ wUNRU Xw")*JV‰W J^)‰V^XRU- <;UVXU) W<NU'
N"^.SVxR‡ˆ- N R*V JJ* @? SVx*ˆŒ "‡UVUˆ <@?ŠSVxR‡ˆ
NU'‹ <!aRWŒ !aRW< SVU UTUX')*R* wNRW- RJJ. RX^Š
a*Rˆ R* !‡)U- "Rw^ JT* ;UVU' N" SVx #N* xV‰ <"<'RŠ
ɭ
XN*< X!U_* ;U'*~*RW- W<;*X*RW) U;‡VF Ž*wN) "<W;UR]
RUX"*#] #*X'R]- *~* .UV*) V^V w) !U)‰aUˆ ;UXV"R‡ˆ
N*)V‰- R^ <JU#N *)‰`R ;Xa*) "* ;U'*RW)U‰ ;Xa)
SV JXU.U!UX‡Š " ‡'U#V*)- UV") );U"‡ˆ NUJ^'*RV <;UŠ
N) '*RW- .UVW Nx* ;XUJ^XV^X 'R* Jw)F V‡< Ra*
!^N^~**- ;UJ W<!‡) "<V]X‰'* ]N "* "X*'W ;X"Uw) RUŠ
VXR`*" UVJX‡VJ Nx* !‡) "‡;^~*R‡- <NU' V*V‰ 'Uˆ !‡"Š
aˆ U.XRW)- R^ <;UVU' w#UX*)‰ !RW ^<U*N- ;X*.) ;UŠ
xXR‡* <R* V) ;XU)"V‰ 'Uˆ NU'- ' JU'RN VJW !‡)F
 ^VW#R R* ;V‰- JUXU_* #U"UXW Ux#) UR *#U- <;U_*'^ V^V
ɮ ɯ x"^ ;X ;*;*)~*Œ VJ V^V x* "* 'U NX^w‰W V^V '*RW w")V‰
RJVU R* ;UN;a*VW-    


 ?>@Q -

ǎǕǩǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒǎǘǚnjNJnjǢǏǓǛǩǎǘnjǛǏǍǘǡǏǍǘ ǖǏǗǩǕNJǛǦ ǒc ǗǘnjǥǏ ǡǒǗǘnjǗǒǔǒ ǛǜNJǕǒ ǗNJǖǏǔNJǜǦ ǡǜǘ


ǚNJǗǦǢǏNjǥǕǘǗǏǕǦǑǩƱNJǔǘǗǡǒnjǘǎǒǗǧǜNJǐƻǝǜǩǍǒǗǗNJ ǗNJǎǘNjǥǑNJǙǕNJǜǒǜǦǑNJǛǘǍǕNJǛǘnjNJǗǒǏǗǏǛǘǍǕNJǛǘnjNJǗǗǘǍǘ
ǟǘǎǝǙǚǒǎǝǖǥnjNJǕǔNJǔǒǖNjǝǎǏǜǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦ ƬcǏǍǘǎǥǜNJǔNJǩǖǘǎǏǕǦnjǑNJǒǖǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǩNjǒǑǗǏǛNJ
ǧǜǘNjǥǕǜǒǙǒǡǗǥǓnǢNJǗǟNJǓ~njǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǗǥǓNjǏǑǙǚǘǏǔǜNJ ǒcnjǕNJǛǜǒǛǜNJǗǏǜǗǘǚǖǘǓǗǘnjcǏǏǣǏǢǏǕǛǙǘǚ
ǒcǛcǗNJǚǝǢǏǗǒǏǖǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjNJƻƷǒƹǘnjnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦ ǔǜǘǔǚǝǡǏNjǒǑǗǏǛǝǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǧǜǘǘǗnjǘǕǔǒcǛcǔNJǔǘǓ
ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƹǏǜǚǘnjǒǡƻǝǜǩǍǒǗǚǘǎǒǕǛǩnjcƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǏ ǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǐNJǚǗǥǟƷǘnǛNJǖǘǛǜǚǘǓ~ǜNJǔǘǓnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǏǗ ǛǜNJǜǒǙǕNJǜǒǜǦǩǍǗǩǜNJǖǑNJǖǘǕǡNJǗǒǏƬcǒǜǘǍǏƻǝǜǩǍǒǗNJ
njccǍǘǎǝǒcǙǚǘǢǏǕNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǜǚǝǎǘnjǘǓǙǝǜǦǘǜǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǗǥǓ ǡǜǘ ǙǘǙNJǕ ǎNJǐǏ ǗNJ ǘNjǕǘǐǔǝ ǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǙǘǛNJǎǒǕǒ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǑNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ NJcǔǘǍǎNJ
ǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǩǎǘNjǚǒǍNJǎǒǚNJǢNJNjNJǢǗǒǔǘnjƬcǍǘǎǥǙǏǚǏ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǍǘǐǝǚǗNJǕNJ ǘǗnjǥǢǏǕǔcǗǏǖǝǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǥǛcǙǚǏǎǙǒǛNJǗǒǏǖ
ǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǘǗǛǘǑǎNJǕǔǘǘǙǏǚNJǜǒnjnƻǏnjǏǚǗNJǩǑnjǏǑǎNJ~ǑNJnjǏǕ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǝcǑǎNJǗǒǩǗǏNjǥǕǘǗǒǚǏǑǗǥǟǎǏ ǎǘǖǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǜǦcǷǔNJǔǗǏǒǖǏǨǣǒǓǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚNJǑǚǏǢǒ
ǕǏǛǘǙǒǕǔǝǒcǛǔǕNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjƪcnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJǡNJǕ ǜNJǕǏǓǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǜǘǏǣǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǟnǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnj~njǛǩ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǓǎǘǔǝǖǏǗǜNJǠǒǒǗǘǎNJǐǏǒcǙǚǘǏǔǜNJƻǝǜǩǍǒǗ
ǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǖNJǗNJǕǘǍǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝNjǥǕǒǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǛǔNJǑǔNJǟ ǏǍǘǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǦǚǘǐǎNJǕNJǛǦǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǍǘ ǛǗǘnjNJǘǜǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǒcnjccǍǘǎǝǎǘǖǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǕǒnjcǙǚǒ
ƸǗǒcǚǘǛnjcǕǘǍǒǔǏǙǝǢǔǒǗǛǔǘǓǛǔNJǑǔǒǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǟǘǑǩǒǗǝ ǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǩǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǟǘNjǤǏǖǘnjƸǗǒǍǚǘǖǘǑǎǒǕǒǛǦ ǔNJǑǗǘǖ ǙǘǚǩǎǔǏ NJc c ǖNJǩ c ǍǘǎNJ ǛǍǘǚǏǕNJ ǒc NjNJǗǩ
ǑNJǟǘǜǏǕǘǛǦnjǒǎǏǜǦǒǑǛnjǘǒǟǘǔǘǗǚǏǔǝƴǝǑǗǏǡǒǟǝǑNJ ǎǚǝǍǗNJǎǎǚǝǍǘǖǜNJǔǧǔǛǜǚNJnjNJǍNJǗǜǗǘǡǜǘǛǘǛǏǎǒǗǏǛǜǘǕǦ njǥǛǜǚǘǏǗǗNJǩnjcǜǘǖǐǏǛǜǒǕǏnƻNJǖǘǏnjǥǛǘǔǘǏǐǒǕǘǏ
ǜǏǖcǷƻǏnjǏǚǗǝǨƮnjǒǗǝNJcǙǘǜǘǖǒcƫǏǕǘǏǖǘǚǏnljcǜNJǖ ǔǘǑNJnjǒǎǘnjNJǕǒ ǔNJǔǧǜǘǘNjǥǡǗǘNjǥnjNJǏǜ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǎǚǘǐNJǕǒ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǎNJǗǒǏnjǖǒǚǏ~ǜNJǔǒcǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦǔNJǗǎǒǎNJ
ǗNJnjǏǚǟǝǝnjǒǎǏǕǜNJǔǝǨǔǚNJǛǘǜǝǡǜǘǙǘǗǩǕǙǘǡǏǖǝǕǏǜ ǘǜǛǜǚNJǟNJǡǜǘǖǏǜǚǘnjǘǏǡǝǎǘǚǝǟǗǏǜnjcǒǟǘǍǘǚǘǎǁǜǘ ǜǘǖnjcƴǗǒǍǝǚǏǔǘǚǎǘnjƭǒǗǗǏǛNJ
ǡǒǔǒǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǨǜǛǩnjnjǏǚǟǒcǗǏNjǘǩǜǛǩ~cǷǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǗǘ NjǥǘNjǘǓǜǒǑNJǔǘǗcǷNJcǙǘǗNJǢǒǖǙǘǐNJǚǗǥǖǗǘǚǖNJǖǎǏǚǏ ƸǜǒǑNjǥcǷǔcǜǏǚǏǖǝǘǜǜǏǚǏǖNJcǷǔcǠNJǚ
ǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǕƻǝǜǩǍǒǗnjcǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖǏnƬǑǍǕǩǎ~njccǍǘǎǝ njǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǗǏǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦnjǥǢǏǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǏǓcǷƻǝǜǩǍǒǗ ǛǔǒǖǙNJǕNJǜNJǖǒcǛǗǘnjNJǔcǚNJǑNjǒǜǘǖǝǔǘǚǥǜǝǧǜNJǒǛǜǘ
ƸNjǥǡǗǘǜNJǔNJǩǛǙǘǗǜNJǗǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǜ ǘNjǤǩnjǒǕǛnjǏǚǟǝǚǘǡǗǥǏǎǏǛǩǜǦnǖNJǗǛNJǚǎǘǓ~ƲcǟǘǜǩǘǗǒ ǚǒǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǏǜnƻǔNJǑǔǝǘcǚǥNjNJǔǏǒcǚǥNjǔǏ~
ǔcǗǏǕǏǙǥǖǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜNJǖǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǛǩǗǏnjǏǚǘ ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘNjǥǕǒǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǖǒ njcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǟ ǗǘǒcǜǘǡǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǙǝǜǦǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǙǚǏǎǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǜǏǕǩ
ǩǜǗǘ ǘNjNJǩǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ nǛǔnjǘǚǏǡǗǒǔ~ ǘǔǕǒǔNJǨǣǒǓ ǛǚNJ ǗǒǐǗǒǟ ǘNjǖNJǗǝǜǦǧǜǒǖǔǘǍǘǜǘNjǥǕǘǛǕǘǐǗǘnjcǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǏ njcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǟǜǚǒǎǠNJǜǒǕǏǜƪcnjǏǎǦǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǏ
ǑǝǒcǠǏǚǔnjǒƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJǒcǙǚǘǏǔǜǥƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJ ǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǘǓƻǘǕǘǖNjNJǕǥǜǏǚǏǖnjǘǑnjǥǢNJǕǛǩǔNJǔǜNJǓǞǝǗ ǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥǖǘǍǕǒNjǥǛǜNJǜǦǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnjǔǕNJǎǘǖ
ƻǝǛǕǘnjNJǒǟǒǑǝǡNJnjǢǏǍǘǒcǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǒljǔǘnjNJǁǏǚǗǒǟǘnjNJ ǔNJǔǜǘǚǗNJǎǘǔNJǔnjǥǑǘnjnjǛǏǖǝǜǒǙǘnjǘǖǝǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖǝƷǘ ƺǘǛǛǒǒnjcǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƷǘǜǏǖǝ
NJcǜNJǔǐǏǑNJǖǘǔƷǘǓǢnjNJǗǢǜNJǓǗƮǒǛǗǏǓǕǏǗǎǒcƶǒǩǎ ǙǕNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǜǏǖNJcǷǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǎǕǒǗǗNJǩǙNJǚNJNjǘǕNJǔǚǘnj ǜNJǔǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒcǔNJǔnjǥǑǘnjǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJnjǕNJǛǜǒ ǙǏǚǏǟnjNJǜǒǕǒǎǚǝǍǒǏƷǘǚnjǏǍǒǩƴNJǗNJǎNJƪnjǛǜǚNJǕǒǩƮǏ
ǑNJǔǒ ƹǚǒǔNJǐǝǣǏǖǛǩǟNJǘǛǏ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǝǛǒǕǒnjNJǕǛǩǘǜ ǕǒnjcǔǘǜǘǚǝǨnjǚǏǑNJǗǥǜǚǒǛǜǘǕǦǐǏǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘnjǥǛǘ ǡǦǏǓǙǚǏǚǘǍNJǜǒnjǘǓnjǥǛǘǜNJnjǛǏǍǎNJǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ njǩǗǘǛǜǘǕǏǜǗNJǑNJǎǙǚǘǏǔǜǥƲnjNJǗNJƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjNJǜNJǔǐǏǙǘ
ǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǖǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥǛǜǏǔǘǕǎǘǖǜNJǔǒcǗǏNjǥǕǗǒǔǘǍ ǔǒǟǧǚǔǏǚNJƷǘǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǛǒǕǦǗǘnǑNJǖǝǛǘǚǏǗNJ~ǘNjǒǕǒ Ʒǘ ǗNJǡNJǕ ƻǝǜǩǍǒǗ ǛnjǘǓ ǎǘǖ Ǚǚǒ ǘǎ ǚNJǐNJǕǒǖǒǚǗǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥǛǜNJǕǒnjcƪǖǏǚǒǔǏ
ǎNJǎǘǛǜǚǘǏǗ njcǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǒǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǘnjNJǕNJnjǏǎǝǣNJǩ ǏǖǒǗǥǟǜǏǖǒcǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǡǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏNjǥǕǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘ ǗǘǓnjǕNJǛǜǒ ǏǣǏǙǚǒǙǘǡǜǒǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓ ǙǘǜǘǖǘǗNJcǙǘ ƭǘǎǥǒǎǝǜNJcǍǚNJNjǕǒǗǏǍǘǚǩǜ

80 
B

ɭ
2. ɭ R

 W- ;    
' 

<E

X.V*JV^X< SVU
<V - ?>@H "<;*X"^] U_*X*N‰ ;UŠ


 U! UX#Rw` xwŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ


  
  R <^x ;UVU'< ;XUVXRV"-
<N*X*"U< )^_aˆ 'V*X) N)W
      
w#UXUNRU#U NU'- RVU;a‰<
   !" # <NU' VR*V V*;)‡' ;.^_'b
1998

  

ǒcǛnjǘǓnjǥǟǘǎǗNJǝǕǒǠǝƷǝNJcǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǥǓnǎǘǖǒǔ~cǷǧǜǘ
ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘNjǣǏǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓƼNJǔ
ǡǜǘǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǛnjǘNjǘǎNJǒcǚNJnjǏǗǛǜnjǘNJcǛcǎǚǝ
ǍǘǓcǷNjǚNJǜǛǜnjǘǁǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǒǎǏNJǕǘǖǗǏ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǗǘǒcǎǘǖNJnjǘǘNjǣǏ
ǔNJǔnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcǛǏǖǦǒǒcǛǜǚNJǗǥ 
ƲǔNJǔnjcǕǝǡǢǒǟǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟ
ƻǙǏǚnjǘǍǘnjǑǍǕǩǎNJǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǖǘǐǏǜǙǘ ljnjǏǓǗNJcǷNjNJǗǔǏǗNJƾǝǚǢǜNJǜǛǔǘǓǒcǜǘǚǍǘnjǘǖǠǏǗǜǚǏ
ǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǎNJǡǗǥǖnǢNJǗ nƪǜǚǒǝǖ~ǗNJƷǏnjǛǔǘǖcǷǛNJǖǘǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏǘǔNJǑǥnjNJ
ǟNJǏǖ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘǖǏǚǏǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒ ǏǜǛǩnjǛǏǜNJǔǒnjǗǝǜǚǒƲcǔNJǔnjcnƪǜǚǒǝǖǏ~ǍǎǏǔǚǥǜǥǓ
ǘNjǚNJǛǜNJǕǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǒǒcnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǖǒ ǎnjǘǚǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǙǚǘǗǑNJǏǜǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǜNJǔǒcǜǝǜnjcǠǏǗ
ƾNJǛNJǎǥnjǛǏǚNJǑǗǥǏǔǚǘnjǕǒǚNJǑǗǥǏ ǜǚǏǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǛǜǘǕNjǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥnjǘǔǚǝǍǔǘǜǘǚǘ
NJcǝǐǛǘǚǘǔǘǔǘǗǛnjǏǜNJǜǘǚǐǏǛǜnjǘcǷǜNJǔ ǍǘǚNJǛǔǚǝǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǛǙǒǚNJǕǦǎǘǖNJƻǜǘǕNjǝǟǘǎǒǜnjcǘǛǜǏ
ǒcnjǘnjǛǏnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJƬǛǏǘǗǒǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗǥ ǔǕǏǗǗǝǨNjNJǢǏǗǔǝǜǘǏǛǜǦǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏcǷnjcǗǏNjǘ
njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǝǚǒǜǖǝǗǘǏǛǜǦǒcǙǘǕǝ NJcnjǘǔǚǝǍǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǜNJǔǒǏǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǔNJǔ
ǠǒǚǔǝǕǦǗǘǏǒcǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗǘǏǗNJǝǍǘǕ ǚNJǑǗǥǏǝǔǕǘǗǥǔǚǘnjǏǕǦǒǕǒǛǔnjǘǑǗǥǏǘǜnjǏǚǛǜǒǩnjǜǘ
ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǘǏ NJc ǜNJǔǐǏ ǝǑǔNJǩ ǛnjǏǜǘnjNJǩ ǚǘǍǘǒcǜǚǏǜǦǏǍǘǛnjǏǜNJ
ǛǜǚǏǕNJǛcǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘǖnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗNJǔǘ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩ
ǗǏǡǗǒǔNJȁǁǜǘnjǥǎNJǏǜǑNJǧǜǒǖnǢNJǗǟNJ ǙǘǡǜǒǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠǥnjcƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǏǚNJǛ
Ǐǖ~ǚǝǔǝǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕNJcǷǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǚNJǛǙǘǩǛNJnjǢǏǍǘ ǕǘǍǒǔǏǘǗǒǙǘǡǜǒǘǎǗǘǍǘǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǒcnjǥǎnjǒǗǝǜǥnjǛǏǍ ǙǕNJǜǒǕǛǩǘǛǜNJǜǔNJǖǒǎǏǚǏnjNJcǷǜNJǔNjǥnjNJǕǘnjcǏcǍǘǎǥ
ǛǩǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏƲǕǒǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǚǏǢǒnjǢǏǍǘnjǙǒǛNJǜǦǛǩ ǎNJǛcǘǎǗǘǍǘǒcǜǘǍǘǐǏǔǚNJǩƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǧǜǒǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǒ ƲcǏǛǕǒnjǥǢǏǝǙǘǖǩǗǝǜǥǏǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔǒǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ
njcǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜǜNJǔǘǍǘǐǏǚNJǑǗǘǖNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǏǕǔNJ ǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǩǨǜǛǩnjcǙǘǍǘǗǨǎǚǝǍǑNJǎǚǝǍǘǖǚNJǛ ljnjǏǓǗNJnjǥǑǥnjNJǨǜnjǛǏǐǏǘǡǏǗǦǖǗǘǍǘnjǘǙǚǘǛǘnjǜǘǜǝǜ
ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǧǜǒǒǗǜǏǗǠǒǒ njǙǒǛNJǜǦǛǩǒcǚNJǛǙǘǩǛNJǜǦǛǩ ǡNJ ǔǚǝǡǒnjNJǩǛǙǒǚNJǕǦǨǘNjǤǏǖNJcǔǚǘnjǕǒǙNJǎNJǨǜǐǏǚǜnjǘǓ NjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǎǏǚǏnjǝǖǒǚǝǩnjǒǕǛǩNjǕǒǛǜNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǒcǚǏǎǔǒǓ
ǛǜǘǒǎǝǜǚǝǔNJǘNjǚǝǔǝnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ ǧǜǘǓǍǘǗǔǒǘǎǗNJǡǝǜǦǗǏǎǘǛNJǖǘǓǑǏǖǕǒǎǚǝǍNJǩǚNJǛ ǘNjǚNJǑǡǒǔǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJƲcǘǡǏǗǦǐNJǕǦǡǜǘ
NJcƷǒǔǒǜNJljnjǏǓǗ ǒcNjǥǕǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǏǍǘǑnjǏǑǎǘǓnjcƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǏ ǛǕNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǎnjǏǡNJǛǜǒǜǚǏǜǦǩnjǚǏǑNJǏǜǛǩnjcǛǘǛǏǎǔǝ ǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǙǚǘǏǔǜljnjǏǓǗNJcǷǖǝǑǏǓǗNJǝ
ƸǗNJǕǒǡǒǒǜǘǓǐǏǜnjǏǚǎǘǓǚǝǔǒǍǘnjǘǚǒǜ ǜNJǔǘǗǡNJǏǜǛǩǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖǣǒǙǠǘǖȁ ǔǒǒcǜǏǟǗǒǔǒnjcƼǘǖǛǔǏǍǎǏǘǗǛǗǘnjNJǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǛǘǏǎǒ
ǒcǙǕNJǗǎǘǖNJcǷǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗǐǏǛǜ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǞNJǛNJǎǥǜǝǜǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǚNJǑǗǥǏ ǗǒǕǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǨǒcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖcǷǙǚǘǜǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǏǖǘ
ǔǘǓǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǒnjcǘǛǗǘnjǏǏǍǘcǷǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǙǘǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǓǗNJ ǗǘǔNJǐǎǥǓǛǘǛnjǘǒǖǘǛǘNjǥǖǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǘǖǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǧǜǘ ǜǒnjǥƬǛǏǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǘǓǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒ
ǎnjNJǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǒcǎnjNJǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔNJƴcǔNJǐǎǘǖǝǒǑǗǒǟ ǜǚǒǚNJǑǗǥǟǎǘǖǒǔNJcǷǙǘǘǎǗǘǖǝǗNJǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǒǑǘNjǒǜNJǜǏ cǍǘǎNJǛcǧǕǏǖǏǗǜNJǖǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǒcǷǜNJǔǒcǘǛǜNJǕ
ǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǗǘǏǣǏǙǘǘǎǗǘǖǝǘNjǤǏǖǝcǷnjcǜǘǓǐǏǛǜǚǘǍǘǓ ǕǏǓ ǖNJǖNJǒcǎnjNJǛǥǗNJ ƽcǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǒǑǗǒǟcǷǛnjǘǩnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ ǛǩǙǚǘǏǔǜǘǖ

82 
3.
C ɭ !  
  <
; - @Q=Q
 
SVUV NU' '‡))W JJ
'U ` *RR‡ˆ U!Ž*JV "<JUVUŠ



   XU' R* NU)xRU !‡V‰ R_*#U
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

        )aR*#U- ;USVU'^ '‡ VX*')‰ wŠ


!*xV‰ JJ.Š ) !U RJ)NR‡. S)*'*RŠ
   $

VU"- <;UJU)‰J^ NU' ;X*NRwR_)W
  % !" # R* N)W ;UVUWRRU#U ;XUx"RW ^<wŠ
1998 Jw_J "UwRJ) ;XU‰! U!*wU;V‰

 
    & UJR- <VU#N ;UW")‰ N*W N*)V‰
J)N‡"]~*  W N*X*"WRR‡* V"R
;X SVU' ;XU;^ J ]~* "R^VX‰ "*V-

ǗNJǑnjNJǜǦƶNJǕǥǓƼǚǒNJǗǘǗƻǔǚǘǖǗǘǛǜǦǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǘnjcǷǗǘǙǚǒ ǎǝǛǘnjcǷǎǘǖǘNjǚNJǣǏǗnjcǍǕǝNjǘǔǝǨǎǚǏnjǗǘǛǜǦǁǜǘnjǛǏǍǎNJ
ǧǜǘǖǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǩǒǑǩǣǗǥǏǛǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩ NjǥǕǘǜǘǡǔǘǓǘǜǛǡǏǜNJǎǕǩǗǘnjNJǜǘǚNJǑNJǍǕǩǗǝǜǦǗǏnjcNjǕǒǑ
ǛǜǏǗǥǒcǙǚǘǏǖǘnjǒǑǥǛǔNJǗǗǥǏǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒnǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒǟ~ ǔǘǏǙǚǘǢǕǘǏNJcnjcNJǚǟNJǒǔǝƼNJǔǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒnƫǝNjǗǘnjǘǍǘ
njcǙǘǕǘǔǘǗnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJƷǒǔNJǔǒǟǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǥǟǙǚǒǖǏǜ njNJǕǏǜNJ~ǛǖǘǜǚǩǜnjcǛǜǘǚǘǗǝƪǗǎǚǏǩƺǝNjǕǏnjNJNJcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏ
NjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjNJ ǗǒǔǘǕǘǗǗǗǒNJǚǘǔ ǗǘǘNjǣǒǓǎǝǟNjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎ ǕǒNJNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǛǔǘǍǘǟǚNJǖNJǙǘǕǘǐǒnjǢǏǍǘǗNJǡNJǕǘnǗǏǘ
ǛǜnjNJǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘnjǏǏǜ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝ~ǛǜǒǕǨNjǏǚǝǜǑNJǘNjǚNJǑǏǠǠǏǚǔǘnjǦǗNJƷǏǚǏ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǜǗǏǛǜǒǎǘǖǔcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘ ǎǒǠǏƮNJǜNJǔǘǍǘǙǘnjǘǚǘǜNJǛǜǏǗǗǏNjǥǕǘnjcǒǑNjǏǗǘǘǗ
ǖǝǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖǝǔNJǔǘnjǘǓǠNJǚǒǕnjcǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟ njǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏcǷnjcǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǖ
<-<cnjǏǔNJǜǘǐǏǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘƻǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǩǑǎǏǛǦǗǏnjcǙǕǘ ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǏƹǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǙǕNJǗǎǘǖNJnjcǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǝnjǘǛǦǖǏ
ǛǔǘǛǜǒNJcnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǔǕǨǡǏnjǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǝǚNJnjǗǘ ǚǒǔNJ ǔNJǔǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǒǛǦnjǘǛǦǖǒǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏǛǚǝNjǥǠǏǚǔnjǏǓ
ƹǏǚnjNJǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔNJǩǒǑNjNJǗǘnjǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒcǷǎNJǜNJǔ ǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǎǗǒǖǛǕǘnjǘǖnǔǚǝǜǒǑ njǏǢǒnjNJǨǜǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍNJǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛNJǖǒǙǘǛǏNjǏǘǗǒǙǘ ǒǕǒǔǘǕǘǔǘǕǏǗ NJnjǜǘǚǥǎǘǛǜǒǍNJǨǜǜǘǍǘǛNJǖǘǍǘǘǣǝǣǏ
ǒcǘǛǜNJnjǢNJǩǛǩǕǝǡǢǏǓƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘǘǙǥǜNJǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǎǏ ǗNJ~ƮǕǩǏǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǍǘnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǩ ǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǘǛǜǚǥƾNJǛNJǎǎnjNJǚNJǑNJǕǘǖNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǎ ǗǒǩǛǙǕǘǡǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ njcǏǍǘǎǥǕǨNjǒǕǒǛǕǘnjǘnǛǘNjǘǚ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJǗǏNjǥǕǘǜǘǍǎNJǗǒǝcǔǘǍǘnjǔǕǨǡNJǩ ǕǝǡǢǏnjǛǏǍǘǢǕǒǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǒǑǖǚNJǖǘǚNJ ǝǍǕǘǖcǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjnjcǖǏǛǜǏnǙǏǚǏǕǘǖǘnj~njǥǛǔNJǔǒnjNJǨǜ ǗǘǛǜǦ~ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǕǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǟǚNJǖ
NJnjǜǘǚǘnjƹǚNJnjǎNJNJnjǜǘǚǥNjǥǕǒǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǥǏnjǜǘǚǘǏǙǘ ǒcNJǚǔǒǒǑǍǒǙǛǘǔNJǚǜǘǗNJLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏNjNJǕǔǘǗǥǡǜǘNjǥǒǟǙǚǒǔǚǥǜǦǔǚǥǢNJǎNJ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǜǚǏǡǒǘNjǝǨǜǗǘǓ
ǔǘǕǏǗǒǏnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~njcǏǍǘǎǥǘǗǒǙǚǘǛǕNJnjǒǕǒǛǦ ǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǘnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏǖnǛNJǖǘNjǥǜ ǕǏǔǘnjǥǕǏǜNJǏǜǗǘǙǘǎǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖnjǏǛǘǖǑNJnjNJǕǒnjNJǏǜ ǜǏǖǗǘǜǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǠǏǚǔnjǏǓǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǖǩǍǔǒǏǝǍǕǥ
ǔNJǔǎǏǩǜǏǕǒǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJǛcǢǒǚǘǔǒǖǎǒNJǙNJ ǗǘǍǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ~ǗǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǙǚǏǎ ǛǩǗNJǑNJǎȁƬcǜǘǓǐǏǛǜǏǙǏǗǒnjcǔNJǔǘǓnjǛǏǧǜǒǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǒ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǧǚǔǏǚǝǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǨǜnjǛǏNjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjǘ
ǑǘǗǘǖǒcǩǚǔǒǖǟǝǕǒǍNJǗǛǔǒǖǙǘǎǜǏǔǛǜǘǖ ǡǏǍǘǗǏǜNJǒǕǘ ǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǘǛǝǍǝNjǘǛǘǠǒǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǓLJǜǒ ǗǏǛnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǏǘǗǒǗǏǛnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǒǑNjǏƼNJ njǒǎǘnjǗNJnjǘǎǝƼǏǐǏnjǒǎǥǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǒcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǎǘ
ǜǘǍǎNJǢǗǏǏǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǔǘǖNJǗǎǥcǷnƪǚǜƫǕǩ~ ƲǖǏǗǗǘ NJǜǚǒNjǝǜǥǙǚǘǢǕǘǓNjǘǍNJǜǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǕǏ NjǥǕNJnǖNJǢǒǗǘǓǎǕǩǐǒǕǦǩ~cǷǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǒcǚNJ ǛǜǘǒǗǛǜnjǘǖǡǏǜǥǚǏǟǛǙNJǕǏǗnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ
ǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǝǜǦǏǙǘǖǘǍǕǘǒǖǛǘǘǚǝǎǒǜǦǢǏǎǏnjǚ ǍǒǜǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǕǒnǗǘnjǥǟǚǝǛǛǔǒǟ~ǔNJǔ ǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǔNJǔǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǐǒǑǗǦǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǔǚǏ ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǝǨǜǗǥǒcǛǔǚǘǖǗǥ ǟǘǡǏǜǛǩǝǐǏǛǔNJǑNJǜǦnǙǘ
njcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǩnjǒǕǘǛǦǜǘǡǏǍǘǐǎǝǜǘǜǗǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǑNJǔǘǗǗǥǟǗNJǛǕǏǎǗǒǔǘnjǏǛǕǒǗǏƺNJǗǏnj ǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNJƱǎǏǛǦǐǏnjǛǏǒǑǥǛǔǒǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǨǜǛǩǗǘnjǘǓ ǖǘǗNJǢǏǛǔǒ~ ƬǘǘNjǣǏnjǛǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǛǔǘǖǙǘǗǘnjNJǗǥ
ǚǥǛǘnjǘǔǝǙǗǘǏnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǎǝǟNJnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǒcǎǝǟNJǖǏǛǜNJ ǛǔǒǟǜǘǟǘǜǩNjǥƵǘǙNJǟǒǗǥǟƷǘǙǚǒ ǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǔǘǓnǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǗǒǓ~cǷǒcnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨ ǙǕǘǜǗǘǒcǚNJǑǝǖǗǘǔǝǟǗǩǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗNJǛǘǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǜNJ
ǘǛǜǚǘǏǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǗǒǏǔNJǔNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǜNJǔǒcǕǘǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ǧǜǘǖǗǒǔNJǔǗǏljǢǒǛcƮǝǗǩǢǏǓǜǘǏǛǜǦ ǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǧǜǘǔǝǕǦǜnjǒǎNJǖNJǗǒǩǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǩǙǚǒǚǘǎǥ ǙǕNJnjǗǘǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǏǜnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǛNJǗǝǑǕǥcǷǙǚǒnjǟǘǎǏ
ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǧǜǒǖNjǥǕǘǑNJNjǘ ǒǑNjNJnjcǧǜǒnǙǘǗǩǜǒǩ~ǗǏnjǙǒǛǥnjNJǕNJǛǦ ƲǖǏǗǗǘǖǏǛǜǘǗNJǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǏǎǘǖNJǗNJNjǏǚǏǍǝƸǑǏǚǗǒǗǛǔǘ NJcǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǘnjǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǗǏǜƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǓǗNJNjǘǚǛǜNJ
ǡǏǗǔǜǘǜǘǔǚǘǖǏNJnjǜǘǚǘnjǜǚǝǎǗǘƺNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗ ƸǎǗNJǔǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǛnjǘ ǍǘnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣNJǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǏǜǒcǙǘnjǘǚǘǜǥǞNJǛNJǎǗǘǓ ǗǏǜǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǘǖǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǗNJnjǛǏǙǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǏ
ǠǥǐǎNJnjǢǒǏǘǜǗǘnjǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǒǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǛNJǖǘNjǥǜ ǏǓnǜǏǕǏǛǗǘǓ~ǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐǗǘǛǜǒǎǏǚǏnj ǛǜǏǗǥ ǡǜǘNjǥǘNjǘǍNJǜǒǜǦǗNJNjǘǚǚNJǔǝǚǛǘnj ǒcNJǔǠǏǗǜNJǠǒǨ ǕǏǜcǷǗǘǘǜǔǝǎNJNJnjǜǘǚǥǏǍǘnjǑǩǕǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǒǔǜǘǘcǗǏǖ
ǗǘǍǘnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǙǚǘǡǜǏǗǒǒƷǘnjcǧǙǘǟǝǙǏǚǏǖǏǗ ǗǏ ǎǘǖǎNJǐǏǗǏǒǑNjǚǝǛNJNJcǒǑNjǚǏnjǗNJ NjNJǕǔǘǗǘnj njǥǛǘǔǘǛǒǎǏǜǦcǷǎNJǕǏǔǘǍǕǩǎǏǜǦ ǒcnjǥǕǏǜ ǗǏǑǗNJǕ#ƻǜǘǕǦǐǏǖǝǎǚǥǖNjǥǕǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǗNJ
njǘǙǚǘǛǘcǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǖǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏǍǎNJǘǜǟǘǎǒǕǗNJnjǜǘ ǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǛǜǚǘǏǖnjǒǕǕNJƭǘ ǔǚǥǢǒ ǙǚǒǔǚǥnjNJǜǦǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǨǣǏǍǘ  njǛǏǟǘǔǗNJǟǗNJǚǝǐǗǥǏǛǜNJnjǗǒǗǝNJcǎnjNJNjǚǏnjǗNJnjcǔNJǡǏ
ǚǘǓǙǕNJǗƪcǎǕǩǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǍǕNJnjǗǘǓNjǥǕNJǚǏǙǚǏ ǚǩǡǏnjNJǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǒǑNjǝNJcǜǘǜǜǒǙnǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǍǘ ƷǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǛnjǘǏǓǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒnjcǛNJ ǛǜnjǏnǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩ~ ǗNJǖǏǛǜǏnǔǚǝǐǏnjNJNjNJǕǔǘǗǘnj~ cǷǧǜǘ
ǑǏǗǜNJǠǒǩǛǜNJǜǝǛNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǏǍǘǎǥǒǛǡǏǚǙǥnjNJǨǣǏ ǎǘǖǒǔNJNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ~ǘNjǚNJǑǠǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǖǘǐǗǘ ǖǘǓǛǝǜǒǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǩcǷǙǘnjǘǚǘǜNJǛǜǏǗǥǗNJcǍǚNJ ǝǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǞǒǚǖǏǗǗNJǩǢǝǜǔNJnjǡǏǚNJǢǗǒǟǟǝǕǒǍNJǗǘnj

84 
4.
  0 ɭ ^%  
<J  %  &@QQA,-
 % -

 
SVUV NU'< 'U* ;*X"U* wRJU'V"U <N*X*"U'
JJ VXUV*)‰R‡' 'V*X)U'- ;U V*' "X*'*Š
X
  '
E




    R' NU' !‡) NUVVU_RU !U)‰a' RU UR NU)Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

'
- @GMM
 
  x*R !‡) U!X*V RU"U* T^RJ`UR)‰RU* wURXU"R*- R
ɮ N  T ;*X"U' SVx*< ".UNRW wUR #UVRW J^.RWŠ  VU)U"W
 
    < VB V^)*V #UV*"W ;)‰RW- R "VUXU'< ;)‰R JxNW U
 
 "U*ˆ "RRUˆ JU'RVUˆ R RVX*U)‰RU'< ;XUVXRV"U
  ' !" # N)W !)‰WXN- ;X#)" JURVX^JVUX '‡ V) 'UVX*V‰

1998 "Uw'UxRUV ;*X*;)RXU"JF #N*Š VU ^N)U‰ ;XUX*wV‰


V*R‡ <^VRU"V‰ NU;U)RV*)‰R‡* '*V))_*J* !)Š

 
 
J JUVUX‡* ;UVU' wJX‡)‰ N*X*"U'c #N*Š VU ;U)^_)U‰
N*)V‰ NU;U)RV*)‰R‡* N*X*"WRR‡* R*^~* S)*'*RŠ
V‡ ^"*)_V‰ ;U "‡UV* ^~*V"^]~* UJR <NU!"V‰
RU"‡*-

ɮ
ƷNJ ǛNJǖǘǖ ǎǏǕǏ ƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJ ǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǗǏ
ǘǡǏǗǦǑǗNJǕNJǡǜǘǎǏǕNJǜǦǛcnjǘǑǗǒǔǢǏǓ
njcǠǏǗǜǚǏǎǘǖNJǙǝǛǜǘǜǘǓǗǘǙǚǘǞǏǛ
ǛǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǖ njǔǝǙǏ Ǜc ǘǛǜǚǥǖ ǡǝǜǦǏǖ
ǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǙǚǒnjǏǕǏǏǔcǧǜǘǓǙNJ
ǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǘǓ NJǙǚǘǙǚǒNJǠǒǒ ƼNJǔ ǐǏ
ǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǒǘǗNJǙǚǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǕNJǒcǎǚǝǍǒǏ
ǛǨǐǏǜǥcǷǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏǎǒǗ
ǛǜnjNJ njǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǓ ǒc njǗǏǢǗǏǓ ǞNJǔǜǝ
ǚǥ ƯǍǘ ǘǗNJ ǜǘǐǏ ǎǘǐNJǕNJ ǎǘ ǙǚǏǎǏ
ǕNJǘǎǏnjǒǑǗǝǜǚǒnjǛǏǘǔǗNJnjcǜNJǔǒǏǐǏ
ǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒǔNJǔǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ
ǘNjǕǒǔ ǎǘǖNJ ǕǒǢǦ ǗNJ ǙǏǚnjǥǓ njǑǍǕǩǎ
ǞǘǚǖǥnjcǒǗǝǨǞǝǗǔǠǒǨƴNJ njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜ NJǚǟǏǜǒǙǒǡǏǛǔǒ ƬǚǘǎǏ Njǥ ǒǑNjNJ ǛǚǝNj Ǚǘǎ
ǔǘnjǘǓǜǘǐǏǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǗǏǗNJ ǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǔǚǘnjǕǏǓƷǘǘǔǗNJnjǛǫǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǨǜƬǘ
ǙǝǛǜǘǖǖǏǛǜǏnjcǏǍǘǎǥ ǙǏǚnjǥǟǒǟǘǡǏǗǦǖǗǘǍǘǔNJǔnjcǒǑNjǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏNjǥnjNJ
ƬcǍǘǎǝǗǒǔǜǘǏǣǏǗǏǑǗNJǕǡǜǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǖǘ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǕNJnjcǛNJǖǘǖǘǜnjǩǑǗǘǖǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǖNjǨǚǘnƪǚǜƫǕǩ~ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ ǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJ ǕǘƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǘǗǒǘǡǏǗǦNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǡǏǍǘǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗ
ǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǜNJǔǒǖƷǏǙǚǘǛǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǖ NJǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǒǏǒǑNjǥ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǒcǘǜnjǏǜǗNJǑNJǙǚǘǛǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJNjǥǕǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǟǕǏǛǜ ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘ ǛǏNjǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǗǏǖǘǍƷNJǔǘǗǏǠnjǛǏǘǗǒǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘ
ǘǍǚǘǖǗǥ ǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǥǖǗǏǝǍǚǨǖǘǝǨǜǗǥǖNJcǜǘǗǝ ǔǒǖƬǥǗǒǖNJǏǖǒǑǛǚǝNjNJǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǒǗǔǝǖǏǐǧǜNJǐǗǘǍǘǙǏ njǏǔNJǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǤǏǔǜǘǖ ǛǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǖǏǎǒǗǘǍǘǖǘǎǝǕǩcǷ
ǣǒǖnjcǛnjǏǜǏǗǏǙǘǚǝNjǕǏǗǗǥǖǗNJǖǏǕǔǒǏǔǕǏǜǒNJcǙǕNJnjǗǘ ǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǩǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǖǔǘǖǗNJǜǝǙǘǎǗǏǨnjcǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǘǏ ǐǏǕNJǗǒǩǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǗNJ ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJƬcǘǔǗNJǟǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǒǟnjcǘǔǗNJǟnjǜǘǚǘ
ǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǨǣǒǖǒǑǑNJǕNJnjcǑNJǕȁƹǚNJnjǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝnjcƺǘǛ ǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘƺNJǛǢǒǚǩǏǖnjǛǏǙǚǘǟǘǎǥnjcǛǘ ǎǏǐǗǥǖǘNjǤǏǔǜǘǖǒǗnjǏǛǜǒ ǍǘcǷNJcnjcǘǔǗNJǟnjǏǚNJǗǎǥcǷƲcǧǜǘǜǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓnjNJ
ǛǒǨǙǚǒǢǕNJǞǒǗǛǔNJǩ,32/%ǗǘǎNJǐǏǏǏǖǏǗǏǎǐǏǚǥ ǛǏǎǗǒǏǔǘǖǗNJǜǥǙǏǚǏǕǒnjNJǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǒǑǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ ǠǒǓǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǒǏǖ ǚǒNJǗǜnjǜǘǚǒǜǝǐǏǗǏǒǑNjNJǖNJcǚNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǔǏnjǏǚNJǗǎǥ
ǏǣǏǗǏǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǒǔNJǔǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǑǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǍǘǞǒǗǛǔǘ njcǔǘǖǗNJǜǝƹǚǘǚǝNjNJǏǖnjcǛǜǏǗNJǟǖNJǔǛǒǖǝǖǘǔǘǗcǷǙǘǔNJǎǘǖ ǛǏNjǩǙǏǚǏǎǎǏǜǦǖǒǒcnjǗǝǔNJ ǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǘǓǎNJǡǒȁ
ǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJǕNJǔǢǏǚǒǜǘnjNJǚcǷNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǒcǛnjǏǜǕǥǓǎǘǖ ǗǏǑNJǕǦǏǜǛnjǏǜƸǙǘǩǛǥnjNJǏǖǔNJǖǒǗǗǥǓǑNJǕǍNJǕǏǚǏǓǔǘǓ ǖǒƼǘǏǛǜǦǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǒǏǐǒǕǒ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛNJǖNJǧǜNJnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǚǏǢǏǗNJ
ǎnjǘǚǏǠƪcǜǝǜǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǎǘǔǜǘǚǔǝǙǒǕnjcƪǚ NJcǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗǥǖǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǎǏǕNJǏǖǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǝ ǣNJǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǖ ǡNJǛǜǘcǷǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖ ǛǖǥǛǕǘǖ njcNjǚǏnjǗǏ ǡǜǘǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǝǐǏǎǕǩǎNJǡǒ ǎNJǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏ
ǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǘNjǕNJǛǜǒǛǚǝNjǙǏǚǏnjǏǑǏǍǘnjcƹǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǦǏ ƬǛǏǧǜǒǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏǎǕǩǐǒ ǐǒǑǗǒǚǘǛǛǒǩǗǒǗNJNJcǛNJǖǘǘǗǘǛNJǔǚNJǕǒǑǝǏǜǛǩǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJ nnjǏǚNJǗǎǘǓ~ǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǝǛǕǘnjǗǘƷǘǧǜǒǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǛǜǒǗǏ
ǒcǙǘǙǚǘǛǒǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǏǍǘnǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǜǦ~ ǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǙǚǒǏǖǥǗǏNjǥǕǒnjǥǛǘǛNJǗǥǒǑǙNJǕǦǠNJǘǗǒǎNJnj ǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǘNjǤǏǔǜǔǝǕǦǜNJƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǚǒǛnjǘǏǗǒǏǎǘǖǘǖǘǜ ǘǜǖǏǗǩǨǜǝǎǘNjǛǜnjNJnjǛǏǟǧǜǒǟǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǓƴcǡǒǛǕǝǔǘǜǘ
ƷǘǑǘǎǡǒǓǏǖǝǙǘǙNJǕǛǩǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǓnjǘǛ ǗǘǒǖǏǕǒǛǦnjcNJǚǛǏǗNJǕǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǙǚNJnj ǎǏǕǦǗǥǟǡǏǚǜǟǚNJǖNJǙǘǡǜǒǕǏǍǒǜǒǖǗǘNJcnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǣǒǏǙǚǒ ǚǥǟǗǝǐǗǘǘǜǗǏǛǜǒǒcǢǒǚǘǔǒǏǙǘǎǘǔǘǗǗǒǔǒǙǘǎǔǘǜǘ
ǟǘǎǩǣNJǩǑnjǏǑǎNJǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǎǏǚǑǔNJǩǒcǚǏǑ ǎNJǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǓƲcǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǡǏǗǦǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǗǘǛǒǕǦǗǥǓǟǘǎ ǧǜǘǖǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǛǜǒ ǔcǡǏǖǝǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǍNJǕǏǚǏǓǔNJnjcǠǏǚǔ ǚǥǖǒǜǩǗǝǜǛǩǔǗǒǐǗǥǏǙǘǕǔǒǎǘǖǛǜǚǘǏǗnjcǜǏǕǒǟǒǏ
ǔNJǩƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǔcǜǘǖǝǐǏnjcǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜ ǗǏǗǘnjNJǩǞǘǚǖNJǒcǗǏǗǘnjNJǩǞǝǗǔǠǒǩNJcǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǘǎǗǘǓ njǒNjǥnjǢNJǩNjǥǟǘǚNJǖǒ ǧǜǘǜǑNJǑǘǚǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǘǜǘNjǚNJǐNJǨǜ ǍǘǎǥǔǘǍǎNJƺǘǛǛǒǩnjǑNJǟǕǏNjǡǒǜNJǕNJ

86 
5.
C 0 ) 
JU#N X*_‰ w.UNV U<X^JUˆ N*X*"WRRUˆ XŠ
.V*JV^X* ;XRWVU #U"UXV‰ _VU ;X**'V"*RŠ



 
  $( RUV‰ wN*‰ ^V*XWR- W<<SV' R* U#)*RF
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   )   &  N*X*"WRRU* VXUV*)‰V"U UVR*VW ;UJ N*X*"‰W R*
;*X*VR^V XV- <SJU)U#_*JW UU!*RRUV‰ N*X*"
     
UVUV '*RRU "<*#U "UwU!RU")W*'UV- ;X Xw^'RUˆ
  *% !" # "‡X^!J* <;X")‰RUˆ ;UNJ* '‡ R* RRU' ^~*X!
( UJX^x]~*ˆ X*N* ;U)‰w^W N*X*"U JJ VXUV*)‰Š

 
  R‡ˆ 'V*X)- <N)W R SVU UU!*RRU JV^)‰RUF "<VXŠ
R* )* 'RU#U <'*RRU N*X*"WRRU* VXUV*)‰V"U 'U#Š
)U !‡ X*aV‰ ;XU!)*'^ NUV^;RU#U x)‰W- "<#UN R^xRU
;U)^_V‰ .UVW !‡ ?>><V‡W_ NU'U" <N_< VU#N UR !^N^V
N*a*"‡'-

ɭ
NJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǛǔǘǓǛǘǛǗǥ ƻNJǖǙǘǛǏNjǏǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǏNjǥǕǗǘ
njǘǛǜǦǨ ǜNJǔnjcƻƻƻƺǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦnjǛǏǣǒǜǘnjǥǏǎNJǡǗǥǏ
ǎǘǖǒǔǒ cǷǗǘnjǘǛǜǦǨNjǥǕǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǍǘ
ǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩnjcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ƪnjǜǘǚǥǕǘnjǔǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǜnjǛǏǙǚǏǒǖǝ
ǣǏǛǜnjNJǔNJǚǔNJǛNJǙǕNJǗǎǘǖNJǚNJǛǔǚǝǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǛǙǒǚNJǕǒ
ǘǜǗǒǑǔǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJ ǍǎǏǍNJǚNJǐ ǔcNjǘǕǏǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǖcǷǍǎǏ
ǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩƮǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjǛǏǢǒǚǏǒcnjǥǢǏ
ǔǚǥǢNJǙǕNJnjǗǘǗNJNjǒǚNJǏǜnjǥǛǘǜǝǡǜǘNjǥǗNJǑNJǙNJǎǗǘǖǞNJ
ǛNJǎǏǗNJǔǘǗǏǠnjǑǕǏǜǏǜǦƯǏǑNJǎǚNJǗǗǥǓǔǘǑǥǚǏǔǙǘǎǙǒ
ǚNJǨǜǡǏǜǥǚǏǛǜǘǕNjNJǙǒǕǘǗNJǗǘǙǚǘǡǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǔNJǔNJǕǕǨ
ǑǒǨǗNJǙǘǚǜǒǔǖǏǢNJǏǜǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǓǘǔǘǗƸǗǒnjǛǏǘǡǏǗǦ
ǚNJǑǗǥǏ nǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒǏ~njcǙǘǕǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǏǘNjǥǡǗǥǏ 
ɭ ;  '  - ƽǛǙǏǟǛNJǚNJǨǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǕǒǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǚǏǎǒǗǒǟǗǏǜǔNJǔǘǍǘǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǒcǍǕNJnj
 <R
 P)
- njǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǛNJǖǐǏǛǜǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦ ǗǘǍǘcǷǟǘǜǩǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥnjǒǎǗNJǑNJǙNJǎǍǎǏǙǘǕǏǚǏǡǔNJ
2006 ǗNJǩǧǛǜǏǜǒǑNJǠǒǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǚNJǗǏǏǧǛǜǏǜǒǡǗǥǖǗǏǛǡǒǜNJ ǒcǑNJǔNJǜǔcǧǜǘǖǝǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜƪǗǗǏǜǏǍǘǖǏǛǜǘǑNJǕǘ
ǕǘǛǦƬcǛNJǚNJǓNjǥǕǎNJǗǛnjǏǜǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǜNJǖǘǜǚǘǎǩǛǦǗǏ ǐǏǗǘǔNJǖǗǏǖǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘnjǗǝǜǚǒǑNJǧǜǘǓǛǜǏǗǔǘǓcǷǜǏ
NjǥǕǘƴNJǔnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcnjcǒǑNjǏǍǎǏǏǍǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǗNJǖǗǘǍǘ ǕǏnjǒǑǘǚƲcǧǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǗǏǍǘNJcǗǏnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝnjǙǏǚǩǏǜ
NjǘǕǦǢǏƲcǘǔNJǑNJnjǢǒǛǦnjǗǝǜǚǒǧǜǘǓǘǛǜǚǘǓǜǏǖǥcǷǜǏǖǥ njǑǍǕǩǎǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǡǜǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǔNJǔNjǥǜNJǗǒ
ǛnjǏǜNJǛNJǚNJǓnjcƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǠǏǛǜNJǕǖǘǣǗǥǖǟǝǎǘǐǏ NjǥǕNJǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗNJǡǜǘǛcǗǏǨǎǏǕNJǜǦǡǏǚǏǑǎǏǛǩǜǦǖǒǗǝǜ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǛǘNjǥǜǒǏǖǗǘnjǛǏǐǏcǷǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖNJcǗǏǚǏ ǙǘǛǕǏǙǏǚnjǘǍǘnNJǟNJ~#ǁǜǘnǎǏǕNJǜǦǛcǚǘǑǘnjǘǓǑNJǚǏǓǗNJǎ
NJǕǦǗǥǖǙǘǛǘNjǒǏǖƸǎǗNJǔǘǏǣǏǑNJǕǏǜǎǘǛNJǚNJǩnƶǏ ǟǘǕǘǎǏǨǣǒǖǒǗǏNjǏǛNJǖǒ~#
ǍNJǗǘǖ~ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǑNJǙNJǎǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎ ƭǘǚNJǑǎǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǏǏǡǜǘǎǏǕNJǜǦǛcǐǏǗǣǒ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǒǖǏǏǜNJǐcǘǔǗNJLJǜǘNjǥǕǙǏǚnjǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ ǗǘǓǛǙǏǚnjNJǒǑǖǝǡǒǜǦǛǩǔNJǔǑNJnjǏǣNJǕǜǘǜǐǏǙǘǧǜǑNJǜǏǖ
ǡNJǛǜǗǥǓǎǘǖǙǚǒǗǩǜǥǓnjcǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǨǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘƶǝǑǏǩ ǗNJǛǕNJǎǒǜǦǛǩLJǜǒǖǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǗǥǖǠǏǕǩǖǒcǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǎǘǖ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ njcǚNJǖǔNJǟnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJnƻǜǚǘǏ ǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩNjNJǗǩƴcǗǏǓǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ
ǗǒǏȣ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎǘǧǜǘǍǘǙǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǕǜǘǕǦǔǘǔǚǝǙǗǥǏ ǙǚǒǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩǎǐNJǔǝǑǒNJcǝǐnjǔǚǝǍǗǒǟǙǘǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝcǷ
ǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǘǗǛǜNJǕǘǎǗǘǓǒǑ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǥǘǜǎǥǟNJǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒcǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦ
ƭǕNJnjǗǥǖnjǔǕNJǎǘǖNjǨǚǘnƹǚǘǏǔǜƶǏǍNJǗǘǖ~njcǚNJǑ cǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǒǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǔǑNJǗǏǛǏǗǗǥǟnjǘnƬǛǏǖǒǚǗǥǓNJǜ ǗǒƲcǜǝǜǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǙǘǗǩǜǗNJǡǏǟNJǚǎNJǘǔǘǗǘǗǒǑǎǏǛǦ
njǒǜǒǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ ǕNJǛǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~NjǚǒǜNJǗǛǔǘǍǘǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦ ǗǏǔNJǔnnjǒǎǥ~NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǔNJǔǛnjǏǜcǷǔNJǔǒcnjcǜǘǖǛNJǚNJǏ
ǛNJǚNJǓnjcƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǠǏǛǔǘǕǘǡǏǗǗǥǓǔcǙǏǚnjǘ ǛǜnjNJ4LEMHSR  cǷǗNJǚǩǎǝǛcǏǣǏǎnjǝǖǩnǎǏǚǏnjǩǢǔNJ ƪcǚNJnjǗǘǔNJǔǒcnjcǝǗǒnjǏǚǖNJǍǏnǀnjǏǜǗǘǓ~ǗNJǀnjǏǜǗǘǖNjǝǕǦ
ǖǝǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǨnƪǚǟǛǜǘǩǗǒǏ~  ƬcǏǍǘǍǚǝNjǥǟ ǖǒ~ǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗǘǖnǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘ njNJǚǏǍǎǏǗǏǜǗǒǛǜǏǗǗǒǘǔǘǗNJcǏǛǜǦǎǘǖǛǝǍǚǘNjǙǘ
ǎǘǛǔNJǟǙǘǎǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǝǍǕNJǖǒNjǥǕǘǙǚǘǛnjǏǚǕǏǗǘ ǒcǎǘǖǘǖƭǘǚǩǡǏnjNJ 3 nƪƫǛǜǝǎǒǒ~ njǛǏǖǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǜǏǔǝǜǙǒǕǘǗǥNJcǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒ
ǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘǎǥǚǘǔƮǗǏǖǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǎǥǚǩnjǥǓǛNJ ƷǘǚǩǎǘǖǛcǧǜǒǖǒǩǚǔǒǖǒǒcǘǡǏǗǦnǚǝǛ ǛǜǚǝǒǜǛǩǛnjǏǜƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjǛǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnƶǏǍNJǗǘ
ǚNJǓǗǘǑNJǟǘǎǒǢǦnjǗǝǜǚǦcǷǒcǔNJǐǎNJǩǛǜǏǗNJǚNJNjǘ Ǜǔǒǖǒ~ǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǒǎǘǖnƶǏǍNJǗǘǖNJ~njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔ ǖNJ~cǷǙǚǘǛnjǏǜǐNJǕǦǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǏǚǏnjNJnjcǗǏǓǝǐǏǖNJǕǘ
ǜNJǏǜǔNJǔnjǒǜǚNJǐƪcǗǘǡǦǨnjǘǕǢǏNjǗǘǓǢǔNJǜǝǕǔǘǓ ǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǓǎǘǖƪcǏǍǘǙǘǙNJǎNJǗǒǏnjcnƪǜ ƴǛǜNJǜǒǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǝǨǎǝǍǝnƶǘǕǘǡǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~njcƫǝǜǒǔǘnj
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǝǐǏǛNJǖǎǘǖǙǘǎǛnjǏǡǏǗǗǥǓǒǑǗǝǜǚǒ ǕNJǛ~cǷǔNJǔNJnjNJǗǛƼǘǕǒƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǜǝǙǒnjǢǏǓ ǔNJǔǜǘǍǎNJ ǛǔǘǖǙǏǚǏǝǕǔǏǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǟǘǜǏǕǒǘNjǕǒǠǏnjNJǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ
ǕNJǖǙǘǓnjcnjNJǜǜƹǚǒnjǛǏǓǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǏǟǘǎNJǧǜǘ ǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ ǗNJǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǓǙǝǜǦǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǩǜǘǕǒnƶǏ nƵǨNjNJǩǽǎǏǚǏnjǩǢǔNJǻnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǡNJǛǜǒǍǘǚǘǎNJǍǎǏ
NjǥǕǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǏǡǝǎǘǛNJǚNJǓǛǜNJǕǟǒǜǘǖǞǏǛǜǒ ǍNJǗǘǖǝ~ NJcǧǜǘNjǥǕNJǏǍǘǙǏǚnjNJǩǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǛǩǖǏǕǔǒǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǝǎǏǜ
njNJǕǩǒcǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǠNJǑNJǜǏǖcǷǘNjǕǘǐǔǘǓ njǘǚnjNJǕǛǩnjcǚǝǛǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǒǖǏǗǗǘǔNJǔǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦ ǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǗǘǎǘǛǜǒǡǦǧǜǘǍǘnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ
ǙǏǚnjǘǓǖǘǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǒnƶǏǍNJǗǘǖNJ~ǙǘǜǘǖNjǥǕǙǘnjǜǘǚǏǗ ǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǡNJǕNJ ǛcǡǏǍǘǜNJǔǩnjǗǘǗǒǔǜǘǏǣǏǗǏǗNJǡǒ ǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǕƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗcǷƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǖǥ
njcNjǘǕǏǏǍǕNJǖǝǚǗǘǖnjǒǎǏ ǗNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓNjǒǏǗǗNJǕǏ ǗNJǕ ƼǘǕǒǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǨcǷNjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǍǚǏǛ ǛǎǏǕNJǕǒǗNJnjǏǛǗǘǓǞNJǛNJǎǒǑǔNJǖǗǩǒcǎǘǖǘǜǧǜǘǍǘǛǒǕǦ
cǍǘǎNJnjcƬǏǗǏǠǒǒ ǛǒnjǗǘǖǝǡǏǖNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǘǏ ǎNJǏǣǏǛcǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǖ ǗǘǙǚǘǒǍǚNJǕ~

88 
,
ɭ ɮ
6. ɭ   X 
-  


‘fknhs tfj zsgts- @G=> ;*X*N R' U^~*V")*RRW

ɮ ;    ^VU;WF RVUW~ˆ w#UXUNŠ





  +, <R$BE _ E- R‡ˆ NU'J !*w NUJ^'*RVU" R
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    1972 w*'*)‰R‡ˆ ^_VUJ ;U*)JUŠ


"Uˆ N'RVX` a^'R‡.
   $
 ɯ P! 
- '
%  <(;
  +- U*N*ˆ NU"UŠ U #UXUNR‡.
  - !" # .)U;UV <;X SVU' <#XRVŠ
2002
( XU"RR‡' "UNUR!x*R*'-

 
 
 (;  X 
+ \<?@ ?>>@
ɯ

ƻNJǖǘǏǎǚǏnjǗǏǏǒǑnjǛǏǟǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǖǒǚNJcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏcǷ ǘǗNJcǷnjǏǛǦǖNJnjǥǛǘǔNJǩcǷǗNJǡNJǕNJnǛǙǘǚǒǜǦ~ǛcƹǚǏǘNj
ǟǝǎǛǜǝǎǒǒnƮLJƱcȣc~ ǖǘǍǕǒNjǥǜǝǜǐǏǛǘǛǔǘǕǦǑǗǝǜǦ
ǒǖǏǏǜǘǎǗǘNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǔǘǜǘǚǘ ǚNJǐǏǗǛǔǘǓǠǏǚǔǘnjǦǨǒcnjccǍǘǎǝǏǏǛǗǘnjNJǙǏǚǏǖǏ
njcǙǕNJnjNJǗǒǏƺǏǛǜǘǚNJǗncǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƫǚǘǎ
ǍǘǕǒǢǏǗǥǎǚǝǍǒǏnjǒǎǥNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƲǕǒǛǔNJǐǏǖǜNJǔ ǛǜǒǕǒcǷǗNJǛǏnjǏǚǗǝǨǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǜǦǘǛǜǚǘnjNJ
ǛǔǘǍǘnjǥǎnjǒǍNJǏǜǛǩǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖnjcnjǘǎǝcǷnjǛǜNJnjNJǩǗNJ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǗǏǙǚǒǛǝǣǏǒǖǒǖǖNJǗǏǗǜǗǘƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǎǏǚǏ nƬǗǏǢǗǒǓnjǒǎǑǎNJǗǒǓǝǜǚNJǜǒǜǛnjǘǏǙǘ
ǛnjNJǒcǷǒcǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗNJǔǕǘǗǩǏǜǛǩǗNJǜǏǛNJǖǥǏcǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj
njǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǜǘǐǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǛǩǗNJnjǏǔNJǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǒǕǒǑǙǘ ǛǜǘǩǗǛǜnjǘƸǗNjǝǎǏǜǖǏǗǩǜǦǛǩǡNJǛǜǒǡǗǘǒǕǒǠǏǕǒǔǘǖ
ǔNJǔNjǥǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǩǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏƲcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǖ
ǔǘǕǏǗǒǩnjcǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǏǗNJǔNJǙǕǒnjNJǕǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǒcǑNJǙNJǟǒ ǙǘǖNJǕǏǓǢǏǖǝǐǏǕNJǗǒǨǏǍǘǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǏǓ ȁ"ƬǚNJǣNJǨ
ǢNJǍǘǖǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǙǕNJnjNJǨǣǒǓǎǘǖcǷǘǔǘǗǡNJ
ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǏǍǘǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǚNJǛǔNJǜNJǜǦǙǘNjǚǏnjǗǥǢ ǣǒǏǛǩǎǘǖNJNjǝǎǝǜǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǦǑNJǛǘǕǗǠǏǖNJcǒǟǚNJǑǎnjǒǐ
ǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǜǚǥnjNJǨǣǒǓǛǩǘǜǜnjǏǚǎǒ
ǔǝǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǟǙǚǘǗǝǖǏǚǘnjNJǜǦcǷǒcǑNJǗǘnjǘǛǘNjǚNJǜǦ ǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥnjǙǝǛǜǩǜnjcǗNJǢǝǐǒǑǗǦǠNJǚǛǜnjǘǚNJǛǜǏǗǒǓ~ƼNJǔ
ƻNJǖNJǙǘǛǏNjǏǜǏǖNJǎǘǖNJNJǖǞǒNjǒǒǗǏǜǘ
njcǎǚǝǍǘǖǖǏǛǜǏƷNJnjǏǚǗǘǏǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǧǜǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǎǒǔǘ njccǍǘǎǝƲnjNJǗǃǏǍǕǘnjǙǚǏǎǜǏǡNJnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~Ǚǘǧǜ
ǡǜǘNjǥǗǘnjNJǎǏNjNJǚǔNJǎǏǚǥǒcǙǕNJnjǝǡǒǏǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗǥǟǘǚǘǢǘ
ǛǜǦǨcǷnjǘǑǒǜǦǛnjǘǓǎǘǖǛcǛǘNjǘǓcǷǒcǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏ ǒcǞǒǕǘǛǘǞNJǔǜǒnjǒǛǜǒcǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǘǗǒǛǜ ǙǚǘnjǏǎǢǒǓǙǩǜǦ
njǛǏǖǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǥǗǘnjǘǜǒǖǏǗǗǘǡNJǛǜǗǥǓǎǘǖǛǘǛǜNJǙǏǕǏǓ
NjǥǕǘǗǘǚǖǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǗǘǙǘǚǘǓǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǕǘǛǦƴNJǔǗNJ ǕǏǜnjǘǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǘǓǙǛǒǟǝǢǔǏǑNJǙǘǙǥǜǔǝnjǑǘǚnjNJǜǦLJǓ
njcƺǘǛǛǒǒǏǣǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǛǟǘǎǒǕƬcƹNJǚǒǐǏǒcƪǖǛǜǏǚ
ǙǚǒǖǏǚǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǩǖǚNJǓǘǗǘnjǑNJǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǩnjcǶǏ ǞǏǕǏnjǝNjNJǢǗǨ ǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ
ǎNJǖǏǜNJǔǘǏǗǏǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǗǘǜNJǖǡNJǣǏǒǖǏǏǜǖǏǛǜǘǖǏ
ǍǘǎǥǔǘǍǎNJǗǒǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǗǒǛǒǕǗNJǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǗǘnjǘǍǘ ǚǥNjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘnjcnƾǘǚǖǝǕǩǚǏǗǘnjǘǍǘǝǚNjNJǗǒǑǖNJ~Ʒǘǜǘ
ǟNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏǙǕNJnjǝǡǏǍǘǘǛǜǘnjNJǛcǐǒǕǘǓǡNJ
ǎǘǖNJǗǏNjǥǕǘNJcNjǥǕNJǩǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩnjǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǩǏǍǘnnjǛǏǖ ǘcǡǏǖǎǚǝǍNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǜǘǕǦǔǘǖǏǡǜNJǕNJcǷǖǘNjǒǕǦ
ǛǜǦǨƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǗNJǕǒǠǘǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǛǘǑǎNJǜǦǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǘNjǏǒǟ
ǖǒǚǘǖ~ǔNJǗǝǕNJǜǝǎNJǐǏǔǝǎNJǒcǚǘǎǗǥǏǛǏǕNJ ǗǘǛǜǦcǷǝcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNjǥǕNJnjǛǏǍǎNJƲcǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǖǢNJ
ǡNJǛǜǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǘǏnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǚǏǢNJǏǜǛǩǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǖ
ƷǘǒcnjcǙǚǏǎǥǎǝǣǒǏnjǏǔNJǛǚǝNjnjǛǏǍǎNJ ǍǘǖǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǝǐǏǗǏǙǏǚǏǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǙǘǗǘnjǘǖǝ
ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJƻǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǦǐǏǎǘǖǛcǔǘǚNJNjǕǏǖǔNJǔǞǘǚǖǝ
ǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǔǝǙǒǜǦǗNJǣǏǙǗǘǖNjNJǑNJǚǏǒcǙǚǒnjǏǑǜǒǙǘ NJǎǚǏǛǝNJcǙǏǚǏǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǔNJǔǜNJǔǘnjǘǏnjcǔǘǗǠǏƿƿcnjǏǔNJnjǘǑ
ǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǛǕǘǐǗǏǏcǷnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǑǎǏǛǦǒcǗǏǜǑNJǙǚǘǛNJǗNJ
ǖǏǛǜǝǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩƼǘǐǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǛǩǒcǔcǘNj ǗǒǔNJǏǜǖǘǎNJǗNJǙǕNJnjǝǡǒǏǎǘǖNJƬcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǏǚnjǥǓǜNJǔǘǓ
ǔǘǚNJNjǕǦǛǔǘǚǏǏǙNJǚǘǖƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘnǔǘǚNJ
ǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǗǥǖǑǎNJǗǒǩǖǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǒnjcƻnjǒǩǐǛǔǏǒǕǒƭǝ ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~cǷǛǔǘǚǘǧǜǘǖǏǛǜǘ
NjǏǕǦǗNJǩ~ǡNJǛǜǦǚǏǢNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǙNJǕǝNjNJǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ
ǚǦǏnjǏnjǘǑǎnjǒǍǕǒǑNJǛǘǜǗǒnjǏǚǛǜǘǜǖǏǛǜǍǎǏǒǟǛǚǝNjǒǕǒ ǛǜNJǗǏǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǙǘǕǒǍǘǗǘǖǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǓNJǚǟǒ
nƮǘǖǘnjNJǩ~ǐǏǙǚǒǟǘǜǕǒnjǘǒǑǍǒNjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǙǘǙǏǚǏǡǗǘǖǛǏ
ǗNJǍǏǚNjǏǙǏǚnjǘǍǘcǷǙǕǥnjǝǣNJǩǗNJǕǘǎǔNJǟǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǦ  ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗǘǙǘǔNJǧǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǏǚnjNJǩǑǎǏǛǦǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJ
ǡǏǗǒǒnjǑǕǏǜNJǩǕǒǟǒǖǔǘǑǥǚǦǔǘǖƾNJǛNJǎǏǏǚNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘ
ǀǏǚǔǘnjǦnjcƴǘǗǏǠǎnjǘǚǦǏǛǜNJǕNJnjǏǜǟǘǓǒcnjccǍǘǎǝ ƴǘǜǘǚNJǩǜNJǔǒcǘǛǜNJǗǏǜǛǩǘǎǗǘǓǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǟ
njNJǗǡǜǘǜnjǘǓǛǏǚnjNJǗǜǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǖǛǜǏǔǕNJǙǚǏǛǕǏǎǝǩ
ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǏǔǝǙǒǕǒnjcƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǏǎǚǝǍǝǨǒcǙǏǚǏnjǏǑǕǒ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnƹǕNJnjǎǘǖ~ƵNJNjNJǑǘnjNJǙǘǩnjǒǕ
ǙǘǗǩǜǗǝǨǠǏǕǦcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜǦǖNJǔǛǒǖǝǖnjǒǎǘnj
ǔcǛǏNjǏƪcǠǏǚǔǘnjǦnjcƫǏǕǘǓƻǕǝǎǏǔNJǔǛnjǒǎǏǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝǏǜ ǛǩǗǏnjcǚǝǛǕǏǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǩǖǒǚǘnjǥǖǖǘǎNJǖNJcnjcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ
ƬǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǩǩ ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJ ǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗNJ
ǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔƬNJǛǒǕǒǓƬǏǚǏǣNJǍǒǗnjcǔǘǗǠǏ<-<cnjǏǔNJnǜǚǏ ǗǘǓǕǘǍǒǔǏƭǕNJnjǗǝǨǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǦnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩ
ǜǘǖǝǐǏcǷǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǨnjcǖǩǍǔǘǖǙǘǔNJǡǒnjNJǗǒǒƱNJǞNJ
ǜǒǓǚNJǑǖǏǗǩǏǜǛnjǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǚǏǔNJǙǘǎǚǥnjNJ ǏǜƴǕǩǑǦǖǒǗǛǔǘǏnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣǏǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǔǝǚǘǚǜ
ǛNJǎǘǖcǷǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǔNJǖǒǗǘǖƬcǗǏǏnjǥǟǘǎǒǜ
ǏǜNjǏǚǏǍ~ƲǖǏǗǗǘǧǜNJǛNjǘǚǗǘǚNJǑNjǘǚǗNJǩǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ ǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗcǷǒcǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǘǛ
NJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ǔǝǎNJǑNJNjǒǚNJǏǢǦǛǩǙǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝ
ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕNJnjcƻƻƻƺǐǒǑǗǦǖǗǘǍǒǖǟǚNJǖNJǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ njNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒǖǏǗǗǘNjǏǚǏǍǘnjNJǩǕǒǗǒǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǧǔǛ
ǜǚNJǙǝ ǙǘǎǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǓcǷǔǝǟǘǗǦǔNJǛcǖǘǓǔǘǓǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǙǕǒ
NjǥǕǒǙǏǚǏǗǏǛǏǗǥnjcǖǝǑǏǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJƷǘ ǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǥǛǜNJnjǩǜǛǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǡNJǛǜǒnjǑNJǒǖǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǩ
ǜǘǓǒcǟǘǕǘǎǒǕǦǗǒǔǘǖǒcǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǗǥǓǛNJǗǝ
ǏǛǜǦǛǚǏǎǒǗǒǟǒcǘǛǘNjǘǑǗNJǜǗǥǏǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔǒǜNJǔ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǛcnjǘǎǘǓnƶǝǑǏǓǙǕNJnjǛǚǏǎǛǜnj~ǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩ
ǑǏǕǎǝǢǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǒǔNjǒǘǜǝNJǕǏǜƻNJǖNJǩǐǏǘǛǜǚǘǝǖ
ǡNJǛǘnjǗǩƼǚǏǟƻnjǩǜǒǜǏǕǏǓǙǏǚǏǏǟNJǕNJǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƴNJnj ǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǝcnjǘǎǥcǷǜNJǔǡǜǘNjǥǏǍǘǧǔǛǙǘǗNJ
ǗNJǩǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǩcǷǕǨǔnjcǙǘǕǝǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǨǣǒǓ
ǍǘǚNJǗNJǨǐǗǥǓǔǚNJǓǘǛǜǚǘnjNJƴǒǐǒnjccǍǘǎǝƷǘǜǝǜ ǜǥ ǙǕNJnjǛǚǏǎǛǜnjNJǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǏǝǡǏǗǒǔNJǖǒǕNJNjNJǑǘnjǛǔǘǓ
ǙǚǏǎNJnjNJǜǦǛǩǚǥNjǗǘǓǕǘnjǕǏǗǏnjǥǟǘǎǩǒǑǎǘǖNJ

90 
7.
*   
 
X^Jˆ *"*X< SVU '*VU *~*
U.XR"a** ;XwRJ R`UŠ


 .

 R)‰RUˆ VXN` J^)‰V^X‡- wNUŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
  " XU"*RR‡* w!‡ N*X*"WRR‡* .X'‡- wN*‰ "*
*V*V"*RRU ;XUVU- "* `*)‰RU "* ;XUNU)Š
   

 /
x*V UNRU NX^#U* "* )U"RU w UNRU#U J^JF
  0( !" # V*R‡ )"J N*X*"WRRU* URU"R* ;*_J ;UŠ
( ^N !U_J ;U)V- V^V )*#JU ;UˆV "<)* X^Š

  &  !V‰ V"U) U)‰. <_VUŠ VU w R*#U N*)V‰< VU
_VU UR ;Uw"U)W*V )*N^W VU'^ _VU UR NJV^Š
*V- W<'RU#U N*)) w N*X*"F J^)‰;V^X^ XVŠ
U!Ž*JV‡ #X^aJ V!^X*VJ- "* VU;UXU'< RŠ
'*X*RRU #X^!U"VU !X^V)‰RU- <*) #U"UXV‰
U! X.V*JV^X* VU w *)J <UR‡ R_*#U JXU'*
X^! R* ;UVXUV‰- <SVU <*V‰ N*)‰RW TUXŠ
'< Xˆ- !*w)JU* ;U_V ;XXUNRU* U!XwUŠ
"R*- <)^_a* ;XXUN‡ R* N*)*a‰- N)W '*RW
"xRU ^N*Xx"V‰W UV "*#U JX_~*#U "<XŠ
.V*JV^X*- wNR* NU)xRU !‡V‰ ;X*N*)‰RU VŠ
.' _VU!‡ UV"V‰ ;XUVUX N)W xwR< "<R*'
<"UJX^# R*#U <^x UR X`"*VV *#U R*U!.UNŠ
'‡' JXJ'-

ƴǘǜǘǚǥǏǒcnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǗǏǝǙǕǘǣǏǗǥǒcǕǏǐNJǜǜNJǔǔNJǔ
LJǜǘǜǗǘnjǥǓǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǛǜNJǚǥǓ ǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩcǷnnjNJǕǏǜǘǖ~ǡǜǘNjǥǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǝǜǘǗǦ
ǜNJǔǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘǛǜǘǩǕǜǝǜnjǛǏǍǎNJƸǍǚǘǖ ǢǏǗǒǩǒcǝǜǘǕǣǏǗǒǩǔǘǖǙǏǗǛǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍNJƷǘ
ǗǥǓǛǚǝNjǟNJǘǜǒǡǗǘǜǘǚǡNJǣǒǏnjǥǙǝǛǔǒ ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǔǘǗǠǥNjǚǏnjǏǗǙǘǚNJǑǗǘǖǝnjǥǙǝǣǏǗǥǛcǘǎǗǘǓ
NjǚǏnjǏǗǎǘǖǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǙǘǔǘǛǒǕǛǩǛǜǏ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǎǕǒǗNJnjǥǙǝǛǔǘnjǝNjǥnjNJǏǜǛnjǏǚǟǝnjǗǒǑNJcǛcǎǚǝ
ǗǥǗǏǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǥƼNJǔNJǩǛǔǚǝǙǝǕǏǑ ǍǘǓcǷǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜƫǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǡǏǖǝnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǘǣǝǣǏ
ǗNJǩǒǖǒǜNJǠǒǩǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǏǓǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒ ǗǒǏǡǜǘǎǘǖǙǘǔǘǛǒǕǛǩcǷǔNJǔǘnjNJǩǒǕǕǨǑǒǩǗǝǐǗNJǎǕǩ
NjǥǕNJ Njǥ ǖǏǡǜǘǓ ǎǕǩ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘ ǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǘnjǙǒǛNJǕNJǛǦnjcǕNJǗǎ
ǠǏǗǜǚNJƶǘǛǔnjǥƴǘǗǏǡǗǘƸǢǏnjǏǗǛǔ ǢNJǞǜǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǍǎǏnjǛǏǒǑNjǥǛǜNJǚǥǏǒcǙǏǚǏǔǘǢǏǗǗǥǏ
ǜǘǐǏǝǗǒǔNJǕǏǗǒcǑNJǛǕǝǐǒnjNJǏǜǜǚǏǙǏǜ ƻǜǏǗǥǜǘǐǏǗǏnjǛǏǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǥcǷǒcǟǘǜǩǙǚǏǎǕǘǍǘǖ
ǗǘǍǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǏǏǍǘ ǔcǧǜǘǖǝǚǏǢǏǗǒǨNjǥǕǘǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǏǚǝǛǕNJǚǏǔǒǙǘǎ
ǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƷǒǑƹǘǍǘǛǜǒcǂǒǚǩǒǟNJǑǗNJ ǕǒǗǗǘǓǙǚǒǡǒǗǘǓNjǥǕǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǙǚǒǎNJǜǦǘǛǜǚǘǜǥnjǗǝ
ǖǏǗǒǜǥǛnjǘǒǖǒǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǖǒǒǑNjNJǖǒǒǟ ǜǚǏǗǗǏǖǝǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝƴǘǜǘǚǘǏǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓ
ǙǘǎǚǘNjǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜƭǏǗǚǒǟƭǝǗǗƷǘ ǒcǎǘǕǐǗǘǙǚǘnjǘǠǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǖǘǕǘǎǏǐǦǗNJǜNJǔǒǏǐǏǗǏ
ɭ
njǛǏǐǏǛǚǏǎǘnjǘǓǙǘǎǟǘǎǑǎǏǛǦǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗǥǖ ǛccǍǘǎNJǘǗǙǚǏǙǘǎNJnjNJǕǎǒǑNJǓǗnjcƶƪƺƿƲNJcǑNJǜǏǖǘǛ NJcnjcǙǘǕǏǗǏǑNJǍǘǎǩNJcǗNJǟǘǎǝcǷǔNJǔnjǏǔNJǖǒ ǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩ
ǝcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǗǏNjǥǕǘǒǎǏǒNjǕǨǛǜǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨ ǗǘnjNJǕƼǏNJǜǚNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥ nƼƪƾ~ cǷǔǘǖNJǗǎǝ ǧǜǘǒcǎǏǕNJǕǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔƯǛǕǒǙNJǜǚǒǘ ƸǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǩnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
NJǗǛNJǖNjǕǏnjǘǛǜǦǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǔNJǔǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǩnjǕǩǕNJǛǦnjǘǑ ǝǡǏǗǒǔǘnjǏǎǒǗǘǖǥǢǕǏǗǗǒǔǘnjǛcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǒcǛǜNJǕǏǑǎǒǜǦ ǜǥǛǙǘǚǒǕǒǘcǜǘǖǗNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǢNJǍǘnjǗǝǐǗǘ ǛǜnjNJ ǜǘǐǏ ǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩ ǗNJ NJǚǟǏǜǒǙ ǔNJǔ ǛǜǏǗǥ ǧǜǘǍǘ
ǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǖǏǗǩǕNJǛǦƲǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǗNJƻǏnjǏǚƻǗNJǡNJǕNJǘǗǒǛǎǏǕNJǕǒnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǝǙǚǘƴNJǚǍǘ njǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩ ǔcǕǏǗǒǗǛǔǒǖǗǘǚǖNJǖǒcǙǚǒǗǠǒ ǎǘǖNJcǷǗNJnjNJǕǝǗǥ NjǘǕǦǢǘǏǏǎǒǗǘǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏ
ǜNJǔǘǏǘǛǜǚǘǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǞNJǕǦǢǒǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǩǜnjǥǟǘǕǘ ǙǘǕǦǍǎǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏnjǏǣǒǔǚNJǏnjǏǎǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǖǝǑǏǩ ǙNJǖǔcƺǘǛǛǒǒǎǘǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǘǓǒǕǒnjǘǘNj ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏǏǍǘcǷǘǡNJǍǗNJnjǏǚǟǝNJǗǜǚǏǛǘ
ǣǏǗǗǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǒǏǝǕǒǠǥnjcǗNJǢǒǟǖǝǑǏǩǟǙǘǎǘǜǔǚǥ ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjNJǕǒnjcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǖǙǚǘǡǜǏǗǒǒƪcnjccǍǘǎǝ ǣǏǔcǎǘǙǏǜǚǘnjǛǔǘǓ ǜǘƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjNJnjǘǕǗǘ ǕǦǨcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗNJǩǑǘǗNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǛǎǏǕNJǗǘǛcǍǚǘǜǏ
ǜǥǖǗǏNjǘǖƲcǑNJǜǏǩnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǜǦnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǓ ǘǗǒǘNjǘǛǗǘnjNJǕǒǛǦnjcƸǢǏnjǏǗǛǔǏǍǎǏǛǜNJǕǒǙǚǘNjǘnjNJǜǦ njNJǕNJǗǏǜǘǡǔNJǘǜǛǡǏǜNJNJcǜǘǡǔNJǘǙǘǚǥcǷǔNJǔ ǛǔǘǖNJǔǠǏǗǜǒǚǝǨǣǒǖǗǏNjǚǏǐǗǘǛǜǦǒcǍǚǝNjǘnjNJǜǘǛǜǦ
ǎǘǖ ǜNJǔǘǓǔNJǔǘǓǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǗǒǔǜǘǝǐǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǦNjǥǗǏǛǜNJǕ  ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǛǚǏǎǝǗǘnjǏǚǗǝǜǦ ǒǑ ǡǏǍǘ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜ ǡNJǚǝǨǣNJǩ ǗNJǛ ǔǚNJǛǘǜNJ ǔNJǔǘnjǥǏnjcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǎǘǕǐǗǥǛnjǒǎǏǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦ
ǖǘǍǕNJNjǥǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǏǣǏǘǎǗǒǖǔǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǖnǟǘǐǎǏ ǏǏǔcǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǓǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǥƲcǘǎǗǒǖǒǑǔǕǨǡǏnjǥǟǛǕǘnj ǗNJ ǘcǙǚǒǖNJǜǏǎǝǟǘnjǗǥǟǙǘǒǛǔǘnj ƹǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǏǎǒǗǥNjǏǑ
ǗǒǏǖnjcǗNJǚǘǎ~ǏǛǕǒNjǥǗǏǏǏǙǏǎNJǍǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǝǖǥǛǏǕ LJǜǘǘǑǗNJǡNJǕǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǡǒǗǒǜǦǙǘ ǚǩǎǝǛcǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǨǒcǚǝǔǘǜnjǘǚǗǘǛǜǦǨ ǔNJǔǒǟǕǒNjǘǑNJǔǝǜǔǘnjǒcǝǍǘǕǔǘnjnjcǛǙNJǕǦǗǘǓǑǘǗǏcǷǗǒ
ƬǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏ<:cnjǏǔNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƸǢǏ ǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǒcǙǘnjǏǛǒǜǦǗNJǗǒǟǑNJǖǘǔ ǔNJǔǎǏǕNJǕNJǛǘnjǏǜ NjǥǕNJǜNJǛNJǖNJǩnǧǛǔǒǑǗǘǛǜǦ~ ǘǗNJǐǏǜǘǙǘǚ ǔNJǔǒǟǔǚǘnjNJǜǏǓǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǔǒǗNJNjǚǘǛNJǗǥǙǚǩǖǘǗNJǙǘǕǝ
njǏǗǛǔǒǓǘǛǗǘnjNJǕǗNJǚǏǔǏǁǝǚǦǏǍǏǖǘǗNJǛǜǥǚǦƬcǔǘǗǠǏ ǛǔNJǩǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǩ NJcǗNJǛǏǕǒǜǦǒǟǕǨǎǦǖǒǒcǗNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǦ ǗǘǛǜǦǘǗNJǐǏǛǏǚǖǩǐǗǘǛǜǦ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǑnjǏ ǘǡNJǍǐǏǛnjNJǚǏǗǗǥǓǒǑǗNJǓǎǏǗǗǘǍǘǗNJǔǘǕǟǘǑǗǘǓǛnjNJǕǔǏ
ƿƿnjǏǔNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǘǖNjǏ ǛǖǥǛǕNJǖǒƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjǠǥǙǚǘnjǘǎǒǕǒǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏǕǏǜǘ NJcǜǘ ǗǏǕNJ njǥǑǘnjǘǖ ǝǐǏ ǗǘnjǘǓ ǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓ ǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǕǘǖNJǗǏǣNJǎǗǘǎǥǖǒǜƸǛnjǏǣNJǏǜǛǩǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚ
ǚǏǍǝǁǝǚǦǏǍǒǘǛǗǘnjNJǕǢǔǘǕǝƻcǖǘǗNJǛǜǥǚǏǖǏǏǚǘǎǗǒǜ ǒcNjǘǕǦǢǏ ǙǘǔǝǙNJǕǒǑNJǔǘǙǏǓǔǒǛǜNJǚǥǏǎǘǖNJǕNJǜNJǕǒ ɭ N  < ǙǘǢǕǘǛǜǒcǷǔNJǔǕǒǙǔǘǖǝǗǘnjǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝǍǕNJǖǝǚǝǜNJǔ ǡǏǚǏǑǝǑǔǒǏǘǔǗNJnjcNjǏǛǙǘǚǩǎǔǏǙǚǘǚǝNjǕǏǗǗǥǏǙǘǛǜǏ
ǐǏǛǜǔǒǓǝǛǜNJnjǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǥǓǜǚǝǎǙǚǘǛǜǘǜNJNJǛǔǏǜǒǑǖ ǒǟǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǗǘnjǥǏƷǘnjǛǏǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǓǠǏ ' B .  ǒcǗNJǚǘǐǎNJǨǣǏǓǛǩǎǒǍǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǓǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǏ ǗNJǖcǷǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏǕǝǡǒǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǛǔǚǏǣǒnjNJǨǜǛǩnjcǔNJǎǚǏ
ǒcNjǏǛǙǚǏǔǘǛǕǘnjǗǘǏǙǘǡǒǜNJǗǒǏǘǜǠNJǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǩ ǘǜǕǒǡǒǏ ǕǦǨNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǘǖǡǏǚǏǑǧǜǘǘNjǐǒnjNJǗǒǏ &U:,- @GA> Ʋ ǕǝǡǢǒǖ njǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏǖ njǛǏǓ ǧǜǘǓ ƹǘǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘǎNJǐǏnǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǔǒ~ǧǜǘǓ
ǐǏnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǙǘǛǕǝǢǗǒǔǘnjƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjNJcǷ ǖǏǛǜNJnǜNJǞǘnjǠǥ~ǝǡǒǕǒǛǦnǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǜǘǙǘǚǘǖ~ ǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǒǛǜNJǕǜǘǜǙǏǚnjǥǓǎǘǖƸǗǛǕǘǐǏǗǗǏǒǑǘǠǒ ǚNJNjǘǜǥǕǒǢǦǝǔǚǏǙǕǩǨǜnjcǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǒǏǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ
ǏǍǘǐǏǗǥǒcǎǏǜǒ ƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjǚNJNjǘǜNJǕnjǘƬƷƲƲƼLJnjcƻǏ ǔNJǔǑNJnjǏǣNJǕǙǒǜǏǚǛǔǒǓNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǒǛǜƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƷǒ ǕǒǗǎǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǟNjǚǏnjǏǗ ǔNJǔǛǜNJǕǘǖǘǎǗǘǎǏǕNJǜǦNjǕNJǍǘ ǒcǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǡǜǘǒcǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǕNJǞǘǚǖǝǕNJƯǚǖǘ
ǗǏǐǛǔǘǓǛǜǝǎǒǒǗǘǕǏǍǏǗǎǘǓǛǜNJǕǒǖǏǗǗǘǔNJǔǙǏǎNJǍǘǍ ǔǘǕǦǛǔǒǓ cǷǗǏnjcǜǏǘǚǒǒNJcǗNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǏǗǏǑNJǛǜǘǕǘǖ ǎNJǚǩǞǒǚǖǏ,32/% NJcǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǟǍǚǝNjǥǟ ǕNJǏnjNJnƬǘǓǜǒǛǏǍǘǎǗǩnjǘnjǡǏǚNJǔNJǔnjcǔǝǛǘǔǙǚǒǚǘǎǥ~

92 

94
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
/0
ɭ ɮ
8. 
  
'‡ J^;) ^_VUJ ^<"NU"‡ JU';UwVUX
SNUR N*RU"- U_*R‰ .UV*)U‰ _VU!


 
 

 NU' !‡) "<)*^< <)* V' !‡)- <"UV
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   /  


   '*V !‡)U ')U- R_) '‡ XU") Ra NU'
;)U_JUˆ R R*#^- ;UVU' JU#N R*# Ua*)< "!Š
     ) 
) JU)‡aJ <RVWR^) "*X*"U_J- <;UVU' wa)
   !" # "R^VX‰ "*X*"U_*J <;URW) _VU V*RU- <XVWR^)
( SV "*X*"U_J JJ 'U#)- <*~* 'R* RX"WVW X*wRŠ

 
 .  R‡* ^#)‡ UV^VV"* W"R‡. #XR` <#*U'*VX_*J.
U_*XVRˆ< RU NU'Š VU N*X*"WRR‡ˆ ;USVU'^ '‡
ɭ  
   !‡) "‡R^xN*R‡ ^xV‰ ;XU*'‡ ;*X*"Ww‡"V‰ V*Š
<`B%
 &@QMM, R‡- J<VU'^ x* T*NW RU!UXUV )]!) VX^JV^XRUV‰<
<%  

;USVU'^ "* ;U'*~*RW "<;)R* R* VU)‰JU W")W]VW


ɮ J 
 ;UNU!R‡' T#^X' RU UR *~* <_*VJU ;Ux*R‡
; 
- ;  
R VX U- R^ <;UJX) NU' ;U)UJ' _VU!‡
<:- @=GA XV' NU!"V‰- <'U* RV*X*RU* "UU!~* RJVU
R* "NVF V' R JX‡a* T*NW )UxRU ;Ux*R) U_Š
)*R*RW JX‡a <JUR‰JU"- ;U)^_)‰ VJW *RNUŠ
" JX‡VW 'W#JUˆ _*X*;`*ˆ< RU V !‡) RU"‡' 'Š
V*X)U' <RJVU R* wR) JJ UR *!W ;U"*N*V- RU
SJ;*X'*RV ";U)R* ^N)W-

ǛNjǒǜǥǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǦǨ~ƲcǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǜǘǕǦ ǐǒǕǒǣNJ ǘǗǒǕǒǔnjǒǎǒǚǝǨǜǛǩnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏǒǟǘNjǣNJǩ


ǔǘǑNJǛǡǏǜNjNJǢǏǗǔǒǟǘǜǩǘǗNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJnjǏnjNJǏǜǗǏǡǜǘ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦcǷcǔnjcǖƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜǒǖ NJcǜNJǔǐǏ
njǘǏǗǗǘǎǘǑǘǚǗǘǏcǷǗǘǧǜǘǜNJǔNJǩǒǍǚǘnjNJǩnjǘǑNjǝǐǎǏǗ ǕǨNjǘnjǦǨǟǘǑǩǏnjǔcǜǝǙǥǖǝǍǕNJǖǒcǙǕNJnjǗǘǖǝǙǏǚǏǜǏ
ǗǘǛǜǦnjcǎǝǟǏnƼǒǖǝǚNJǒcǏǍǘǔǘǖNJǗǎǥ~ǍǎǏnjǏǛǦǎNJǡǗǥǓ ǔNJǗǒǨǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnj ǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǏǜǛǩǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǙǕNJǗ
LJǜǘǜǎǘǖNjǥǕǙǏǚnjǘǓǒcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǓǛǘnjǖǏǛǜǗǘǓǚNJNjǘǜǘǓ ǙǘǎǗǩǜǦǞNJǛNJǎǗNJnjǏǚǟǒcnjǛǏǛNJǖǘǛǘNjǘǓǛǕǘǐǒǜǛǩǘNjǤ NjǥǜǔǘǗǠNJǟǙǚǘǙǒǜNJǗǙǘǎǍǘǜǘnjǔǘǓǔcNjǘǨƷǏǎNJǚǘǖ ǎǘǖNJNjǘǕǦǢǘǓnjǘǛǦǖǏǚǒǔnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǚǏǑNJǗǥǖNJǕǥǓ
ƺǘǐǗǏnjNJǒcƵǘǖNJǔǒǗǘǓcǷǗǏǛǖǘǜǚǩǗNJǜǘǡǜǘǘǗǒǙǚǘǐǒ ǏǖǗNJǚǒǛǝǏǜǛǩ~ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǘNjǚNJǑnjǥǢǏǕǘǡǏǗǦǩǚǔǒǖ ǒcǙǘǩnjǒǕNJǛǦNjNJǢǏǗǔNJǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘƵǘǖNJǔǒǗNJǘNjǘǐNJǕNJ njǘǛǦǖǏǚǒǔ ǒc ǡǏǜnjǏǚǒǔ ƺǝǛǛǔNJǩ ǒǑNjNJ ǜNJǔǒǟ ǙǕNJǗǘnj
ǕǒnjǖǏǛǜǏǎǘǕǍǝǨǛǡNJǛǜǕǒnjǝǨǐǒǑǗǦƻǘNjǕNJǑǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǑNJǖǔǘǖǕǒǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǦǨǏǍǘǗNJǑǘnjǒ ǗǘǒcǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦ ǛǜNJǚǥǏǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǥǏǎNJǡǒǍǎǏǜNJǔǒǏNjNJǢǏǗǔǒǡNJǛǜǥ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏǑǗNJǕNJǗǘǘǗǒǢǒǚǘǔǘǙǚǒǖǏǗǩǕǒǛǦnjcǎǏ
NjǥǕǘNjǥǝnjǒǎǏǜǦnjcǗǏǖǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǎnjǝǟǗNJǡNJǕcǷǖǝǐǛǔǘǍǘ ǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗNJǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǝǎNJǡǗǥǖ ǒcǖǏǡǜNJǕNJǒǑǗǏǏǘNjǘǑǚǏnjNJǜǦǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǕǨǔ ǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǟǚNJǖNJǟcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǔNJǔǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǙǚǒǏǖ
ǒcǐǏǗǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǗǘǍǘǒcǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚ ƲǜNJǔ ǟǘǑǩǓǔNJ ǕǨNjǒǜ ǍǘǜǘnjǒǜǦ ǒc ǟǘ ǗNJǛNJǖǥǓnjǏǚǟǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǜǩǐǏǕǒcnjcǔǘǗǠǏǔǘǗ NjǥǕǒǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǒcǙǘǗǩǜǗǥǘǛǜNJnjNJǕǘǛǦǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǏǚǏ
ǗǘǍǘǒcǜǏNJǜǚNJǕǦǗǘǍǘƸǎǗNJǔǘǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǖǜǏNJǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǖ ǡǏǜǡǜǘNjǥǔǝǟǗǩǗǏNjǥǕNJǢǘnjǒǗǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǘǜǎǏǕǏǗNJǘǜ ǠǘnjǏǍǘǝNjǚNJǕǒNJcNjNJǢǗǩǘǛǜNJǕNJǛǦǕǒǢǦǛnjǏǜǘnjǥǖǞǘǗNJ ǗǏǛǜǒǒǟnjcǐǒǕǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǗǏǢǗǒǓǘNj
ǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘǖ ǒcǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǥǖǛǘNJnjǜǘǚǘǖƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƫǘ ǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒnƷǏǜǗǒǡǏǍǘNjǘǕǏǏǛǡNJǛǜǕǒnjǘǍǘǡǏǖ ǚǏǖǗNJǎǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǓcǷǜǘǐǏnjǙǚǘǡǏǖnjǏǛǦǖNJǝǎNJǡǗǥǖ  ǕǒǔǎǘǖNJǗǒǔNJǔǒǟNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǓǛcǠǏǚǔǘnjǦǨǗǏǚǘǐǎNJǏǜ
ǍǘǖǘǕǘnjNJ ƵǘǖNJǔǒǗNJǛǜNJǗǏǜǙǘǑǐǏǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǘǗNJNjǘǕǦǢǏ ǍǘǜǘnjǒǜǦǘǣǝǣNJǩǛǙǒǗǘǓǎǘǖǎǚǝǑǏǓǛǏǖǦǨ~LJǜǘ ƻNJǖǥǖǐǏnjNJǐǗǥǖǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǖǝǙǕǘǜ NJcǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǏǍǘǘǛǦǜNJǔǒcnjǘnjǛǏǙNJǗǜǏǒǛǜǒǡǗNJnjǟǘǎǩǗǏ
njǥǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǔNJǔǟǘǑǩǓǔNJǎǘǖNJǡǦǒǙǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǩ njǟǘǎǒǜǦǗNJ ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏǔǝǟǗǒǛǘǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǘǛǦǙǚǒnjǥǡ ǗǏǗǒǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǛǜNJǕǘǙǘǕǗǘǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔǘǚǒ ǝǙǒǚNJǏǢǦǛǩǗǘǛǘǖnjcǛǜǏǗǝNJcǒǎǏǢǦǗNJǛnjǏǜƮNJǒcǖNJ
ǛnjǏǜNJcǗǏǝǙǒǚNJǜǦǛǩǗǘǛǘǖnjcǛǜǏǗǝǍǘǜǘnjǒǜǦNjǏǑǘǜǚǥ ǗǥǖnjcǏǍǘǎǥƺǘǛǛǒǩǙǏǚǏǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǎǕǩǛǏNjǩǧǜǝ ǎǘǚǘnjLJǜǘNjǥǕNJǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩ ǕǏǗǦǔǒǓnjǘǛǦǖǏǚǒǔcǷǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǧǚǔǏǚƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ
njNJǘǜǍǘǛǜǏǓǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦnjcǙǘǎǑǘǚǗǝǨǜǚǝNjǝǗNJnǎNJǕǒ~ njǘ ǒǎǏǨcǷǗǘǝǐǏǗǏǔNJǔǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǗǝǨǘǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǜǏǛ ǜǚNJnjǖNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǙǚǒǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǘǛǜǒǛǘ ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏnǘNjǗǒǖNJǨǣǏǍǘ~ǜǏNjǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJcǷǡǜǘ
ǖǗǘǍǘǖǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕǒǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJƬǙǚǘǡǏǖnǘNjǘNjǚNJǑǏ ǗǘǜǥNJcǔNJǔǏnjǚǘǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜƷǘǧǜǘǙǏǚnjǘǏnǛǍǝǣǏǗǒǏ~ njǏǜǛǔǒǟǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǥǑNJǗǒǖNJǕǒǜNJǖǗǏǙǚǘǙǘǚ njcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǡǜǘnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǏǔNJǔnjcǛǜNJ
ǖǥǗǏǎǝǖNJǕǒǗNJǡǒǗNJǕǒǛcǙǕNJǗNJcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƵǘǖNJǔǒ ǗǏǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔǘNjǥǡǗǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖNJcǙǚǘnjǘǠǒǚǝ ǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǘǍǚǘǖǗǝǨǙǕǘǣNJǎǦƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǚǒǙǏǚnjǘǓ ǚǒǗǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǠǏǚǔnjǩǟǛǜǚǘǒnjǢǒǟǛǩnjǘǛǦǖǏǚǒ
ǗNJcǷƬǏǎǦǏǛǕǒǙǕNJǗǟǘǚǘǢǒcǕǘǍǒǡǏǗǜǘǗǝǐǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǏǜǎǚǝǍǒǏcǷnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔǚǏǙǔǘ ǐǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒ ǡǒǜNJǓǙǚǒǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǔǘǖnǘǜǙǘǢnjǥ~

96 
9.
%0    /2
"<X!UV* RN SV' U!Ž*JVU' '‡ VX)‰ UŠ
_*VV‰ ;)V_*J^] <'‡)U"^] UV"Š


 
 
 )W]~* J`*RV N*)W "*Š VJ R ;*X"Uˆ- '‡
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   /2 .UV*) ;UX!UVV‰ <TUX'Uˆ <'V*X)U' <UU!*RRU


<VJV)‰R‡' U~^~*RW'- "wWV‰ V*;)U* #X^!U* a*XaŠ
)
3   
"U* !X^V)‰RU* N*X*"U "‡R^V‰ w R*#U !U)‰a* ;XUV‡*
    
 );NXR‡* TX#'*RV‡< <;U'UVX*V‰ _VU ;U)^_VW-
  
 <;UVU' wJX‡V‰ SV "‡*'J .U)UNR‡' #)NJ' w*XJ)‰Š

  * !" # R‡' V*J)U' "*XR^" "* R "U '*V " ;*X"UR_)‰RU*
UVUWR*< JJ TUX'^ NU' VJ <'^ ;XXUN^ JUVUX^]
(
'‡ RX^a) *#U VXUW- VU *V‰ "<;*X"^] U_*X*N‰ R' X^Š

 

JU"UN) )]!U;‡VV"U <SRV^ww' X*!*RJ x*)R* _VUŠ
VU RX^aV‰ N*)V‰ _VUŠ VU ;XUV" ;X") <JRURU"< RU
VJ _VU!‡ "<X*w^)‰VV* "* "‡#)WN*)U ;X)_RU JJ !^NVU
VJ <NU)xRU !‡V‰-

ǧǜNJǐǏƻǘǑǗNJnjNJǩnjǘǑǖǝǜǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǧǜǘǓǒǗǜǏǚnjǏǗǠǒǒ
NJnjǜǘǚǥǎǘnjǘǎǩǜǏǏǎǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǩnjǛǏ
ǛǜǏǗǥNjNJǛǛǏǓǗNJǎǏǕNJǩǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖǒƽǡǒǜǥ
njNJǩǐǏǛǔǘǚǘǖǗǘǛǜǦǞǝǗǔǠǒǒ ǕǨǎǒǚǏǎǔǘǝǜǚǝǐǎNJǨǜ
ǛǏNjǩǘǎǏnjNJǗǒǏǖǙǚǥǍNJǩǒǑǙNJǚǒǕǔǒnjcǔǝǙǏǕǦ NJnjǜǘǚǥ
ǎǏǕǒǔNJǜǗǘǎǏǕNJǨǜǛǜǏǔǕNJǑǏǚǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǒcǷǜNJǔǡǜǘNjǥ
ǛǗNJǚǝǐǒnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǛǚNJǖǝǗǏǒǖǏǜǦ
LJǜǘnjcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǙǘǚǘǐǎNJǏǜǕǨ
NjǘǙǥǜǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǑǏǚǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǔǗNJnjcǔǘǜǘ
ǚǥǟǘǜǚNJǐNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǒǚǘǎNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǒcǔNJǔǒǗǛǜNJǕǕǩǠǒǒ
ƾǚNJǗǠǒǛǔǘƲǗǞNJǗǜǏǒcǔNJǔǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǏǑǎNJǗǒǩ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǥǜNJǕǒǛǦnǚNJǛǜnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩnjcǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǏ~ ǧǜǝ
ǖǘǎǝǑNJnjǏǕƮǐǘǗƹǘǚǜǖNJǗǛnjǘǒǖǒǘǜǏǕǩǖǒ ƪcǘǔǗNJ
ƼǏǟǗǘǛǚǝNjNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǍǚǘǖǗǥ ǘǔǗǘNjNJǛǛǏǓǗNJnjǥǜǩǍǒ
njNJǏǜǛǩǗNJnjǛǨnjǥǛǘǜǝǎǘǖNJǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦǞNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ
njcǙǚǘǛǜǏǗǘǔ ǗǘǏǣǏǒcǙǘnjǜǘǚǏǗǥǙǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǖǜǚǒǚNJǑNJ
ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǎǒǑNJǓǗƸǎǗǘǓǒǑǜǏǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘNjǥǕǘǔNJǔǚNJǑ ƼǏǖǛNJǖǥǖǘǗǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǒǢNJǨǜǎǕǒǗǗǥǓ cǖǏǜǚǘnj 
ǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǒǏǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǎǘǖǖǘǗǘǜǘǗǗǘǛǜǒǗǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnǚNJǛǜnjǘǚǩǨǜ~ǏǍǘ
ƻǚǝNjǥ Ǜc ǚNJǑǗǥǖǒ ǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǖǒ ǡNJǛǜǘ njcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǒcǔNJǔNjǥǒǑnjǒǗǩǨǜǛǩǑNJǗNJǗǏǛǏǗǗǥǓǏǓǝǣǏǚNj
ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǕǒǙǘǎǘǎǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓcǷǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǗNJƻǏnjǏ ƬǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǧǜǘǎNJǐǏǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǘcǷnjǏǎǦ
ǚǏǡǜǘNjǥǕǨǜǘǓǑǒǖǘǓǗǏNjǏǍNJǜǦnjcǟǕǏnjǙǘǖǘǚǘǑǝƹǚǒ njcǜǘǐǏǛNJǖǘǏnjǚǏǖǩǕǝǐǔǘnjǛǔǒǏǗǘnjǘǎǏǕǥnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏ
ǧǜǘǖǜNJǔǘǓǎǘǖǎǏǕǒǕǛǩǗNJǜǚǒǡNJǛǜǒǐǒǕǝǨǟǘǑǩǓ ǎNJǕǦǗǒǏǘǜǙǚǥǛǔǒǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǜǘǐǏǧǔǛǙǕǝNJǜǒǚǘnjNJ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǒcǛǘǏǎǒǗǩnjǢǒǏǒǟǛǏǗǒƷǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǗǏǜǗǏ ǕǒǑǏǚǔNJǕǦǗǝǨǘNjǏǚǜǔǝcǷǗǘǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǡǜǘNjǥnǚNJǛ
ǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǜǦǕǨǎǏǓǒcǛǔǘǜǒcǎǘǖNJǘNjǥǡǗǘ ǜnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩnjcǛǚǏǎǏ~ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘcǡǜǘNjǥǛǙǚǩǜNJǜǦnǕǒǢǗǒǏ~
ǑǘǗǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǗǒ ǧǜNJǐǒƲcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘNjNJǗǩnjcǜǏǕǏǎǘǖNJcǷǧǜǘǜǘǐǏǛnjǘǏǍǘ
ɭ ɮ
ƸǎǗNJǒǑǙǏǚnjǥǟǙǘǙǥǜǘǔǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǜǦǒǑNjǝcǷǒcǘǎǗNJ ǑǝcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩƬcǧǜǘǖǐǏǎǘǖǏnjǘǑǗǒ ǚǘǎNJǕǒǢǗǒǓǧǜNJǐƷǘǗNJǜǘǘǗNJǒcǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǡǜǘNjǥǎNJǚǒǜǦ
ǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǟƪnjǜǘǚǥǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǕǒ ǔNJǏǜǗǘnjNJǩǜǏǖNJcǷNjNJǗǩƬcǛǜNJǚǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǘǗNJnjǛǏǍǎNJ ǛnjǘNjǘǎǘǨcǷnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǚNJǑǖǥǢǕǩǜǦǘcǜǘǖnjǘǑǖǘǐǗNJ
ǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘnǎNJǕǏǔǘnjNJǜǥǏnjǏǣǒ~ǛNJǖǝǨNJǚǟNJǒǡǏǛǔǝǨ ǛǜǘǩǕNJǙǘǘǎNJǕǦǑǎǏǛǦǐǏNJnjǜǘǚǥnjǔǕǨǡNJǨǜǏǏnjcǜǏǕǘ ǕǒǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩǒǑNjNJƸNjǚǏǜNJǏǜǕǒǘǗNJǗǘnjǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘ
ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǝ ǎǘǖnNjǚǝǛǘǖ~ǍǎǏnjǛǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǗNJǗǒ ǎǘǖNJǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǐǏǘǜǎǏǕǩǨǜǘǜǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǒ ǘǜǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǩǛcǗǘnjǥǖǒǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǖǒǒǕǒǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
ǑNJǗǥǗNJǘǎǗǝǘǛǦ ǒcǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒ NjNJǛǛǏǓǗǘǖƷǘǘǗǗǏǎǕǩǙǕNJnjNJǗǒǩNJcǡǜǘNjǥǘǔǝǗǝǜǦǛǩ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcNjǏǛǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǏǞǘǔǝǛǗǒǡNJǗǦǏ
NJǕǦǗǘǍǘǎǒǑNJǓǗNJǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǏǛǜǏǔǕNJnjcǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǟ ǙǘǛǕǏǙNJǚǒǕǔǒcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǟǘǕǘǎǗǥǓ ǔNJǔǒcǛǏǗǒ ƲcǔNJǔ ƻNJǖǥǖǐǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǖǞǘǔǝǛǘǖǩnj
ǚNJǖNJǟǙNJǚǩǣǒǏǖǘǛǜǔǒǟǚǘǖǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩ ǒcǘǗǒǘNjǤǏǖNjNJǛǛǏǓǗNJǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǏǜǎǘǖǙǘnjǛǏǓnjǥǛǘǜǏ ǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǝǜǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǥǓǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜƮǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥ
ǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǙǘǕǥƬcǜǏnjǚǏǖǏǗNJǜNJǔǘǓǗNJNjǘǚǖǥǚNJǎǘǛǜ njǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǩǜNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǜǏǖǝnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǑǘǗǒ ǗǏǐǎNJǜǦǔǘǍǎNJǛǚǝNjǛǩǎǏǜ NJcǧǜǘǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜnjcǛǚǏǎǗǏǖ
ǗǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǒǟNJǓǜǏǔǘǖcǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǟǘǜǏǕǘǛǦ ǚǘnjNJǗǒǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǔǝǟǗǩǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǘǛǜNJǨǜǛǩnjcǘǎǗǘǓ ǎnjNJǍǘǎNJ NJnjǜǘǚǥǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǒǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǝǨnǛǔǘǕǦǑǩ
ǡǜǘNjǝcǗNJǛǟNJǓǜǏǔǜǘǐǏNjǥǕƪcǛǙǝǛǜǩǕǏǜǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǏǎǘǖNJNjNJǗǩǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩcǷnjcǎǚǝǍǘǓ ǣǝǨ~ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨnjǛǏǗǏNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǥǏǖǏǐǔǘǖǗNJǜ
ǡǜǘǏǛǕǒǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǟNJǓǜǏǔǒcNjǥǕǜǘNjǥǕǘǗǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǗǏ ɭ T
 - ƴǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǍǘǚǩǡǏǓNjNJǗǒǒcǟǘǕǘǎǗǘǍǘ ǗǥǏǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔǒNjǥǕǒnjǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥnjcǙNJǑǥNjǏǑǐǏǛǜǔǘǍǘ
NjǘǕǦǢǒǟnjǏǣNJǟcǷǛǏǓǞNJǟƴǝǑǦǖǒǗNJǒcƻNJnjǒǗǔǒǗNJǐǏ  

(N  
+- NjNJǛǛǏǓǗNJǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǏnjcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǗǘǖǐǏǛǘǡǏ ǔǚǏǙǏǐNJNJcǗNJǎǘǔǗNJǖǒǒcǎnjǏǚǩǖǒǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥǙǘǕǘǛǜǒ
ǕǏǑǗǥǟǔNJǖǒǗNJǟƴǘǑǥǚǩnǛNJǖǘǕǏǜǗǘǓǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǏ~NjǨǚǘ 1983 ǜNJǗǒǒǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjcǷǎǏǚǏnjNJǛǘǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǒcǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǖ ǔǝǎNJǘǗǒnjcǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǝǛNJǎǔǒǒcnnjǤǏǑǐNJǕǒ~ NJcǗǏǜNJǔǡǜǘ
nƪǚǟ~ƪcǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǏǍǘǛǘǑǎNJǜǏǕǏǓ ǔNJǔǒcNJnjǜǘǚǥǧǜǘ ɮ N  ( + ǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǒcnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗNjNJǛǛǏǓǗLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǓ njǏǗǠǥnnjǒǛǕǒ~ǗNJǎnjǏǚǩǟǔNJǔǧǜǘǒǗǘǍǎNJNjǥnjNJǏǜ LJǜNJ
ǍǘǎǘǖNJ njǥǢǕNJǒǑǔǕNJǛǛNJǕǏǍǏǗǎNJǚǗǘǍǘnƹNJǕǥǡNJ~cǷ < # NJǜǜǚNJǔǠǒǘǗǎǘǖNJǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǖǘǛǜǔǒǙǘǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒǙǏ ǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǩǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕNJǑNJǔǘǗǡǒǜǦǎǘǖǑNJcǖǏǛǩǠǏnjcǷ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjNJǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǙǏǚǏǙǚǒǎǝǖNJnjǢǏǍǘ ǚǏǛǏǔNJǨǜǏǍǘnjNJǗǗǝcǷǙǚǒǡǏǖǒcǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǒcǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖ ǒcǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǜǝǜǐǏǛǖǘǍǕǒnjcǗǏǖǙǘǛǏǕǒǜǦǛǩ

98 
D
0 
ɭ ɮ
10. ɭ !  / 
 
  < N"^)UˆR‡ˆ TN< !*w^)U"RU NŠ
R - @Q?G wˆR*XJU* X*a*R* RU "<R*#U w)Ux*R‡



 
 
 `  R
  R*J* JUN‡ XJX‡"]~* JUR`*;`]
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
  _  
 
SVU#U U!Ž*JV JJ NU'Š ^ !*x~- SVU U`Š
VE - @H== `W <JX*;UVRUˆ X.V*JV^XUˆ JUVUXW ;XUW")W*VŠ
   

 
 
W "<VU)~R* V*R‡ _V‡"*'Uˆ "<;XU*'. UJUR
  *4 !" # "<VXJVU"J* R)U*Rˆ TNU" JJ R*JU*#U !X^V"*Š
( X "<!^J")‰RU' X*)‰*TRU' wU!Xx*R R TN*

  & X._R‡. X.V*JV^XR‡. U!XwU"- SV JUR`*;`W
w)Ux*R "U "*. *#U X*a*RW. "<VU' _)* <"<XŠ
JX‡VUV NU'- .UN wN*‰ VJUˆF "* ;XUVXRV"
)*xV R UNRUˆ U <XJX‡"]VW ;Ua#U"Uc "*
ƴǘǍǎNJǐǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjǗǘnjǦǙǘ UR ;UNJURVXU)‰R‡ w !U)** ^N)*RR‡. w~~*RŠ
ƬǘǙǚǘǛǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔǘǓǛǚǝNjǔǚNJǢǏcǷǑNJǢǒǜǥǓ ǩnjǒǕǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǑǩǜǦǒcnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǒǑNjǝNjǥǕǘǝǐǏǗǏnjǘǑ R‡. _V*ˆ NU'- ;X SVU' "* _V N^V <;U"‡a*Š
ǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǒǕǒǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǓcǷǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǖǥǛǕǦ ǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǘcǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǏǐǒǕǒǣNJǝǛǔNJǔNJǕǒ R*' UV'*VJF R_) U!aXRW w*)*RW )^xˆJ
ǚǏǢǒǕNJǏǣǏnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿnjǏǔNJnƸǜǧǜǘǓǘNj ǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǎNJǕǦǢǏǡǏǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǕǘǢNJǎǔǒǒǑǙǏǛǗǒ R R** 'UVXV ;X;UNRWVW RN R*ˆ UVJX‡VW V*XXŠ
ǢǒnjǔǒǘǗNJǙǘǜǏǚǩǕNJNjǘǕǦǢǏǡǏǖǘNjǥǔǗǘ ƬNJǕǏǗǜǒǗǥƼǘǕǔǝǗǘnjǘǓƮNJǒcǘNj  wV*' "‡a* VU)U"W <'W "‡UJW <w~Š
njǏǗǗǘǜǏǚǩǨǜǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǠǏǚǔnjǒ~cǷǙǒǢǏǜ ǚNJǑ ǏǏ NjǥǕ ǛǕǒǢǔǘǖ ǝǐ NJǚǟNJ ~*RRW _V‰< ;UNRWVW R ;UN^' J^.RW-
ƲǍǘǚǦƭǚNJNjNJǚǦǘcǙǏǚǖǘǍǘǚǛǔǘǓǠǏǚǔnjǒǚNJǑ ǒǡǏǗƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǏǚnjǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǏǓ
ǝǖǏǩǘǢǒNjǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǙǏǚnjǘǍǘnjNJǚǒNJǗǜNJNjǏǛ ƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍNJNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǎNJǜǦǛǚǝ
ǛǙǘǚǗǘǓƸǎǗNJǔǘǎǘǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǒǜǏǛǘnjǝǨ NjǝǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓnjǒǎƲǎǏǩǛǘ
ǘNjǢǒnjǔǝǛcǠǏǚǔnjǏǓǛǗǒǖNJǕǒǕǒǢǦǙNJǚǝǚNJǑ njǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǎnjǝǟǜǒǙǘnjǙǘnjǏǚǟ
ǘǗNJnjǛǏǐǜNJǔǒǑNJǣǒǣNJǕNJǎǚǏnjǗǒǏǛǚǝNjǥǘǜ ǗǘǛǜǒǚǘǎǒǕNJǛǦǒǑǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǚǗǘǓ ǖǘǣǗǥǓǒǗǜǏǕǕǏǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘNjǥǘǗǚǏ
njǕNJǍǒǒcnjǏǜǚNJƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘnjNJǕǦǗNJǩǒǟǚNJǛ ǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǛǔǚǥǜǦǎǏǞǏǔ ǛǜNJnjǚǒǚǘnjNJǕǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǙǚǏNjǥnjNJǩnjcǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǘǖ
ǢǒnjǔNJ ǜNJǔNJǩǐǏǙǘnjNJǕǦǗNJǩǔNJǔǒcǑNJǢǒnj ǜǥǛǚǝNjNJcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǚǏǡǦǢǕNJǗǏ ǛǘǖǗǏǗǒǒǒcǎǘǖnjcǒǜǘǍǏǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǛǕǏǎǥnjǛǏǟnjǏǔǘnjcǷ
ǔNJnjǘnjǜǘǚǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǏ<-<cnjǏǔNJ ǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǦ ǘcǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒNJcǛǔǘǚǏǏǘcǖNJǛǔǒ ǔNJǔǑNJǢǒǜǝǨǡNJǛǜǦǛǚǝNjNJǜNJǔǒcǘǜǔǚǥǜǝǨ
ǕǒǢǦnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏƿƿnjǏǔNJcǷǔǘǍǎNJǠǏǚǔǘnjǦ ǚǘnjǔǏƸǎǗNJǔǘǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǜNJǔǘnj LJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǞNJǗǜNJǛǜǒǡǏ
ǔNJǔǒǗǛǜǒǜǝǠǒǩǝǜǚNJǜǒǕNJǙǚNJnjǘǍǘǕǘǛNJƹǚǒ ǔNJǔ Njǝǎǜǘ ƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍ ǎnjǒǍNJǕǛǩ ǛǔǒǓǘNjǚNJǑǗǏǔNJǩǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗNJǩǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ
ǧǜǘǖǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǛǜǧǜǘǓǑNJǡǒǛǜǔǒƪǕǏǔ ǙǝǜǏǖǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǜǘǚNJǘǛǗǘnjǗNJǩ njǎǚǝǍǙǏǚǏǛǏǔǕǒǛǦǎnjNJǜǒǙNJǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒNJcǗNJǝǡǗǥǓ
ǛNJǗǎǚƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjǛǘǡǒǗǒǕǟǒǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓ ǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǏǜ ǙǘǎǟǘǎǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǘǎǏǚǐNJǕnjǏǚǟǗNJǎǙǘǙǝǕǒǛǜǛǔǒǖ
NJǚǍǝǖǏǗǜǙǚǘNjǒnjǢǒǓǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǝǨNJǜǏǒǛǜǒ ǛǩnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǘǎǗǘǑǗNJǡǗǘǍǘǘǜ ƷǘǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǧǜǘnjǛǏǐǏǖǘǍǕǘNjǥNjǥǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǏnjǛǏǍǘ
ǡǏǛǔǝǨǠǏǗǑǝǚǝnƹǘǎǙǘǑǎǗǏǓǢǏǓǒǗǛǙǒ njǏǜNJǗNJǔǕǨǡǏnjǥǏnjǘǙǚǘǛǥǗǏǜ ǧǜǘǛǘǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǙǘǟǘǐǏǗNJǛǗǘnjǒǎǏǗǒǏƴǘǍǎNJǖǥǗǏ
ǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǓǙǘǙNJǖǒǘNjǢǒnjǔǘǓǛǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnjǛǏǍǎNJǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǛǘǖǗǏ ǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǖǡǜǘǔcǡǏǖǝǒcǑNJǡǏǖǗǘǜǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏ
ǢǏǎǏnjǚǥǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǘǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjNJ~ ǗǒǏnjcǜǏǚǖǒǗǘǕǘǍǒǒƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚ njǛǏǧǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǟǘǐǏǗNJǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǜNJǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǝǨǜǑǗNJ
ƻǚǝNjǥǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǑNJǒǍǚNJǕǒǗNJǛǘǕǗǠǏ ǍNJcǷnnjǒNjǚNJǠǒǩ~ƲcǘǗǛǘǑǎNJǏǜ ǔǘǖǥǏǕǒǠNJǒcǛǘnjǏǚǢNJǨǜnjǙǘǕǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǏǙǘǛǜǝǙǔǒ
ǗǘǗǏǙǚǘǢǕǘǒcǙǘǕǝnjǏǔNJǔNJǔnjǥǩǛǗǒǕǘǛǦ ƲǛǛǒǗǩǡǏǚǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǜǘǐǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǙǚǒǖǏǗǩǕǛǩǎǕǩ
ǡǜǘǧǜǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǜǘǐǏǒǖǏǏǜǛnjǘǒǖǒǗǝǛǥ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǗǘǒcǗǏNjǥǕǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǖƹǚǒ
ǕǒǢǏǗǗNJǩǑNJǣǒǜǥƹǚǏǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǛǔNJǩǠǏǚ ǧǜǘǖnjǗǝǜǚǒnjǛǏnjǎǚǝǍǚǏǑǔǘǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘǜǥǙǚǘ
ǔǘnjǦnjcƴǒǐNJǟǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǜǚǏǖǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǟǒǚǏǜǦ ǛǥǙNJǏǢǦǛǩcǷǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǛnjǏǜǕǥǖȁƫǚǏnjǗNJ
ǒcnjcǏǍǘǎǥǏǎnjNJǗǏǚǝǟǗǝǕNJ ǛǕǏǍǔNJnjǥNjǏǕǏǗǥnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǙǘǜǘǕǔNJǒcǙǘǕNJǘǗǒ
ƴNJǔǘǏǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǘǜǗǘ ǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜǜNJǔǘǏǝǨǜǗǘǏǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǔNJǔǘǏNjǥnjNJǏǜǜǘǕǦ
ǢǏǗǒǏǔcǧǜǘǓǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǜǒǔǏǒǖǏǏǜǡNJǛǜǗǥǓǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖ ǔǘnjcǝǜǚǘNjǏƫǏǕǥǓǐǏǠnjǏǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǖnjǥǔǚNJǢǏǗǥǗǘnjǥǏ
ǗNJǡNJǕNJ<<-cnjǏǔNJ#ƷǘǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷǜNJǔNJǩǖNJǜǏǚǒǩǡǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǝǔǚǏǙǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǜǘǐǏǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǏǗǚǘnjǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǐǏ
ǙǚǒǔǘǛǗǝnjǢǒǛǦǔcǗǏǓǡǝnjǛǜnjǝǏǢǦǔNJǔnǎǥǢNJǜǙǘǡnjNJ ǠnjǏǜNJnjcǒǑNjǏNjǥǕNJǙǏǡǦǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǖǘǣǗǥǓǛǜǘǕNj
ǒcǛǝǎǦNjNJ~ƲcǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǩǙǚǒnjǏǑǏǗǗǥǓǒǑƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǘǓ ǗNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǒcǔǝǟǗǒcǷǧǜǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǘǗNJǒcǏǛǜǦȁ
ǘNjǕNJǛǜǒǛǚǝNj NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǛcǧǜǘǍǘǗNJǡNJǕǛǩǙǚǘǏǔǜnǁǏǚ ƷǘǧǜǘǗǏǘǗNJnjǖǏǛǜǘǙǏǡǒcǷǔNJǖǒǗǗǘǜǘǐǏNjǏǕǥǓ
ǗǥǓǟǝǜǘǚ~ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǗǏǒǑNjǏǐǗǘǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǕǛǩ ƪǘǔǗNJǜǘǐǏǕǒǢǦǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǔNJǐǝǜǛǩ
njcǙǘǕǏǖǘǣǗǘǍǘǒǎǏǓǗǘǍǘǗNJǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǩcǷǏǣǏǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝ ǚNJǛǔǒǎNJǗǗǥǖǒnjǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǓǒcǔǘǏǔNJǔcǷǔNJǔǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǛǘǗ
ǡǜǘǙǘǟǘǐǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǏǙǘǕnjǏǔNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏ ǙǘǛǕǏǙǚǘNjǝǐǎǏǗǒǩƷǘnjǗǝǜǚǒǗǏǍǘǔNJǔǒcnjǗǝǜǚǒǧǜǘ
ǠǏǚǔnjǒnjǥǎǒǚNJǕǒǛǦǒǑǛnjǘǒǟǚǘǎǗǥǟǖǏǛǜǒcǛnjǘǑǒǕǒǛǦ ǍǘǎǘǖNJnjǛǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǒcǎNJǐǏǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥǘǔǘǗ
njcǖǏǛǜǘNjǘǎǚǩǡǏǛǔǒǒǖǏǗǝǏǖǘǏnǖǝǑǏǏǖǙǘǎǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖ ǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǜnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǖǝǙǘǚǩǎǔǝǜNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚ
ǗǏNjǘǖ~ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒǗǘǍǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǙǚǒǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓnjǕNJ ǝǑǔǘǏǒcnjǥǛǘǔǘǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǘǚǘnjǗǘǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǜNJǔǘǍǘ
ǛǜǒǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǗǏǒǖǏǕNJǗNJǛnjǘǒǟǖǏǛǜNJǟǟǚNJǖǥǍǗǒǕǒ ǐǏǎǕǒǗǗǘǍǘǛǜǘǕNJNJcǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǏcǷnjcǔǝǟǗǏǒcnjcǍǘǛǜǒ
ǒǕǒǍǘǚǏǕǒƼǘǏǛǜǦnjǘǙǚǘǛǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǗǘǓƹǚǒǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǐǏǘǔǗNJ ǔNJǔnjǗǝǜǚǒǜNJǔǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ 
ǗǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒƿƿnjǏǔNJǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǛǙǘǚǗǥǖ ǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǏǢǒǚǘǔǒǏǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒcǷǙǚǘǛǜǥǏǒcǎNJǐǏǍǚǝ
ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjǘnjǛǏǟNJǛǙǏǔǜNJǟǎǕǩǟǚNJǖNJcǷNjǥǜǦǘNj NjǘnjNJǜǥǏǗǘǛcǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǥǖǒǎǕǩǛǜǒǕǩǖǘǎǏǚǗnjǥǙǝǛǔNJ
ǢǒǜǥǖǒǕǒǗǏǜǛǜǘǩǜǦǗNJǚǘǎǒǗǏǒǕǒnjcǖǝǑǏǏǗǝNJcǎǕǩ ǖǒLJǜǘǜǘǗǔNJǩǘǜǛǥǕǔNJǔcǛNJǖǘǖǝǔǘǚǘǜǔǘǖǝǒcǧǞǏǖǏǚ
ǎǘǖNJcǷNjǥǜǦǕǒnjǘǘNjǣǏ ǗǘǖǝnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǛǜǒǕǨcǷǜǘǐǏǙǘǡǜǒǛǗǝ

100 
11.
E
F 0  


)*#JW R*U!WwV*)‰RUV‰ "<X.V*JŠ
V^X* SVU#U UUX^x*RW UwN*V



    


 "<X*w^)‰VV* ^!*NV*)‰R‡ˆ STT*JV
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  )   &  ;)"RU#U ;*X*V*JRW NU' "<)*


<)*< U!XVRU "<NU'-
 )   &3
(;  X 
+ \<G @GGG
     

3
     
  *4 !" #
( ɭ

 
 

ƱNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǟǘǜǏǕnǛǙNJǜǦnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏ~cǷǒǑǧǜǘǍǘǗǏǟǒǜǚǘǍǘ
ǒcnjcǘNjǣǏǖǜǘǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǩǚǘǎǒ
ǕǘǛǦǧǜǘǡǝǎǘǘNjǤǏǖǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒ
nƻǙNJǜǦnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏ~ǟǘǜǩǜnjǛǏǗǘǚǏǎǔǘǔNJǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ
ǝǜǚǝǎǒǜǛǏNjǩǙǘǖǥǛǕǒǜǦǧǜǘǜǑNJǙǚǘǛǔNJǔǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǔǘǗ
ǔǚǏǜǗǥǓǒcǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǥǓnƸƴǛǙNJǜǦcǷnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏcǷǚNJǛ
ǛǝǎǒǕLjǚǒǓƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗcǷǗǘnjǛǏǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǏǜǘǖǘǐǗǘ
ǎǏǕNJǜǦǒcǗǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏƲcǎNJǐǏǕǝǡǢǏǗǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏȁ~ƹǘǧ
ǜǘǖǝǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǏǛǩǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǒNjǥǕǒǛǘǘǜǗǏǛǏǗǥǛcǒǗǥ
ǖǒǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǖǒǡǒǜNJǜǦcǷnjcǔNJǖǗǏǏǛǜǦcǷnjcǛǜǏǔǕǏ Ǘǝ
NJcǙǕNJnjNJǜǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJnjǘǑǎǝǟǏ LJǜNJǖNJǜǏǖNJǜǒǔNJǘǙǩǜǦ ǙǏǚǏǛǜNJnjNjǥǜǦǙǚǩǖǘǓǙǚǘǑǚNJǡ njcƻƻƻƺNjǥǕǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǒǗǘǗǒǖǘǖǛǕǘnjǘǛǘǡǏǜNJ
ǐǏǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕNJNjǥǛǜǘǕǦnjǏǕǒǔǘǕǏǙǗǘ njcǛǜǘǕǘnjǥǟǡNJ ǗǘǓǔǘǚǘNjǔǘǓnjcǎǝǟǏƶǒǛNJǘNjǚǏǕ ǗǒǩnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ~ƻNJǖǛǜǚNJǛǜǗǥǓǘǟǘǜ
ǛǜǘǎǏǕNJǨǜNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǘǔǗNJNJcnjcNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJǟcǷǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ ǙǕNJǛǜǒǔǝǏǍǘǔǚǥǢNJǛǕǏǍǔNJǙǏ ǗǒǔǘǗǙǚǘǖǏǗǩǕǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǝǨƶǘǒǛǏǩƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍNJǗNJ
ǝǨǜǗǥǏǑNJǔǝǜǔǒ ǏǛǕǒNjǥǗǏǐǏǛǜǔǘǏǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǒǏ ǚǏǕǘǖǒǕNJǛǦcǷNjǏǑǘǛǘNjǘǓǗNJǜǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏ ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘ ǡǜǘNjǥ NjǥǜǦ NjǕǒǐǏ ǔc ǜNJǓǍǏ
ǛǏǚǏǍǙǘǛǏǛǜǚNJǖƸǎǒǗǘNjǤǏǖcǷǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǓ ǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǗǘǧǜǘǙǚǒǎNJǕǘ ǕǏǛǝǛnjǘNjǘǎǏƲǖǏǗǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǗǒcǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒǕǧǜǒǕNJ
ǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǘNjǤǏǖǝǗǏǒǑǤǩǛǗǒǖǝǨǧǕǏǍNJǗǜ NjNJǑǥcǷǔNJǔǘnjǥǖǛǕǘnjǘǖǒǖǏǗǝǏǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǛǜNJǗNJǍǎǏ
ƹǕǨǛNJǗǜǒǘNjǤǏǖcǷNjNJǛǛǏǓǗnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖnjǛǏǧǜǘ njǖǏǛǜǏ ǗǘǛǜǦƸǛǘNjǝǨǘǛǜǚǘǜǝǎǘNjNJnjǕǩ ǟǚNJǗǩǜǛǩǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǥǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJǙǘǎǗǩǜNJnjǥǛǘǔǘǗNJǎ
ǛcǗǏNjǘǖ ǘǜǚNJǐNJǏǜǛǩ ǕǒǧǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǏǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǏNjǚǏnjǗNJ ǑǏǖǕǏǓ ǘǜǍǚǥǑǝǗǘnj ƵNJNjNJǑǡNJǛǜǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǛǩǗNJǘǛǗǘ
ƷǘǒcnjǛǏǧǜǘǖǘǍǕǘNjǥǘǛǜNJǜǦǛǩǝǗǥ ǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǔǕNJǛǜǦ njNJǗǒǏǎǏǚǏnjNJǛcǔǘǚǗǏnjǥǖǒǚNJǑnjǏǜnjǕǏǗǒǩǖǒcǷǒǖǏǗ
ǕǘǓǛǟǏǖǘǓǏǛǕǒNjǥǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǗǏnjǘǛǙNJǚǒǕ ǛǚǝNjƷǘǙǘǜǘǖǒǟǑNJǖǏǗǒǕǒǗNJ ǗǘǘǜǛǨǎNJǘNjǚNJǑnǒǑNjǝǢǔǒǗNJǔǝǚǦǒǟǗǘǐǔNJǟ~ǛǜNJnj
ǗNJǎ ǝǡNJǛǜǔǘǖ ƹǘǎǗǩǕǛǩ ǘǗ ǙǚǏǘǎǘǕǏnjNJǩ ǘǡǏnjǒǎ NjǚǝǛNJcǘNjǤǏǖǑNJǢǒǕǒǎǘǛǔǘǓǡǜǘ ǢǒǓ ǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǚNJǛǟǘǐǒǖ ǡǜǘ ǎNJnjǗǘ ǙǘǜǏǚǩǕ ǛnjǩǑǦ
ǗǥǓǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǔǛnjǘǏǍǘǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǩnjcǛǘǛǗǘnjǘǖ ǙǘǎǙǘǚǜǒǕǘǑNJǎǝǖNJǗǗǥǓǙǚNJǑǎ ǛcǙǏǚnjǘǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖ
NjǘǚǝnjǛǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǑNJǒǛǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǏǖǜǘǍǘǡǜǘnjǛǏ Ǘǒǔ ǛnjǏǜǘǜǏǗǒ ǟǘǜǩ ǒc ǕǒǢǒǕǘ ǕǏǜǛǙǝǛǜǩƱNJǟNJƿNJǎǒǎǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǎǕǩ
ǐǏǜǏǖǗǘnjNJǜǘƪcǛǘǛǏǗǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǖǗǘǍǘǚǝNjǒǜǦǒǟ ǘNjǤǏǔǜnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǓǎǘǖǘǚǘǣǏǗ ǎǏnjǏǕǘǙǏǚNJƬǕNJǎǒǛǕNJnjNJƮǘǚǘǗǒǗNJNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǓnǕNJNjNJǑ~
ǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǐNJǕǔǘNJcǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǝǑǔǒǓǒcǑNJNjǘǚNjǕǒǑ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǧǜǘǙNJǚǏǗǒǏǗǏNjǥǕǘǛǜǘǕǦ ǗǘǛǜǒ  ƽǢǕǒ ǒc njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǘǑǗǏǛǏǜǛǩǗNJǎǛǘǛǗNJǖǒƫNJǚnjǒǟǒNJǐǗNJcǖǏǜ
ǔǘLJǜNJǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǩǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǥǜǘǕǔǗǝǕNJ NjǏǛǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǒǛǛǗǥǖǔNJǔnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǏǎNJnjǢǏǖǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏ ǙǏǚǏǖǥǡǔǒǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJnjǢǒǏnjǗǝ ǚNJƸǗǜǘǐǏǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǗǘǐǔǝǒcǜǘǐǏǛǙǚǘnjǘǠǒǚǘnjNJǗ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖnjnjǏǚǟcǷnnjǥǎNJnjǒǕNJ~ǔNJǔǙǒǛNJǕ NjǨǚǘǜNJǖǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǓǙǏǗNJǕnjǥǕǏǜNJǕǒǑǛǔNJǕǥǒcǑNJ ǜǚǏǗǗǒǏǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔǒǒcǗNJǖǏǔNJnjǢǒǏǗNJǞNJǟnjǏǚǔƼǏǖǗǏ ǔNJǙǚǒǑǘǖǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJnƸǙǒǛǥnjNJǩNjǝǎǝǣǒǓǎǘǖcǷnjǛǙǘ
ƺǏǖ ƴǘǕǟNJǛ ǘc ǕǘǍǒǔǏ ǗǦǨǓǘǚǔǛǔǒǟ ǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǘnj njǒǛNJǕǗNJǎǖǘǚǏǖƷǘǜǘǜǙǚǘǏǔǜNjǥǕǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǔǚNJǛǒnj ǖǏǗǏǏǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǩǛǜǘǕǦǒǑǩǣǗǘǓǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǓǞǘǚǖǥ ǖǒǗNJǏǜǟǘǑǩǒǗcǷǩcǛǔNJǑNJǕǡǜǘǟǘǡǝǙǚǘǛǥǙNJǜǦǛǩǙǘ
Ʋc ǘǗ ǑNJnjǒǛ ǗNJǎ ǑNJNjǘǚǘǖ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǩ ǞǏǏǚǒǡǏǛǔǝǨ ǡǜǘNjǥnjǘǙǕǘǜǒǜǦǛǩnjǜǘǚNJǩǏǍǘnjǏǚǛǒǩcǷǗǏnjcƴǚǥǖǝ ǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖƺǘǛǛǒǩǏǣǏǗǏǑǗNJǕNJ ǝǜǚNJǖǒcnjǒǎǏǜǦǍǘǕǝNjǘǏǗǏNjǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦǛǏNjǩǛnjǘNjǘǎ
ǒǕǕǨǑǒǨǙNJǚǏǗǒǩcǷǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗNjǥǕǗNJ NJcnjcƹǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǦǏǗǏǗNJǎǖǘǚǏǖNJcǗNJǎǘnjǚNJǍǘǖcǷNjǥǕNJ ƿǘǜǩǔNJǔǗǒǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǛNJǖǥǓNjǕǒǑǔǒǓ ǗǥǖǗǏnjǒǎǏǜǦǛǘǛǏǎǏǓƱNJǟNJǘǜnjǏǜǒǕNJǽƬǥǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǜǏ
ǘǎǗǘǓǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǘǙǘǚǏ NJcǒǑǑNJǑNJNjǘǚNJǘǗNJNjǥǕNJ ǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗNJǗNJǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǝǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǜNJǔ ɭ ) % B  P NJǗNJǕǘǍ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǖǝ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǨ ǎǘǖNJc Ƿ nǕNJNjNJǑ ǡǜǘǙǚǒǎǏǜǛǩǐǒǜǦǗNJǎǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǖǒ#ǻƹǘǛǕǏǡǏǍǘnjǑǩǕNJ
ǙǘǡǜǒǗǏnjǒǎǗNJ ƹǚNJnjǎNJǎǚǝǍǒǖǔǘǗǠǘǖǘǗnjǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǒcǗǏǘNjǕǘǐǒǕǒƲcǜǘǕǦǔǘǛcǜǚǏǜǦǏǓǙǘǙǥǜǔǒǝǎNJǕǘǛǦ E 
  ǙǚǘǖǥǛǕǘnjǘǘǟǘǜǗǒǡǦǏǍǘ ǛǜNJǗNJ~ LJǜǝ ǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǝǨ ǛNJǕǞǏǜǔǝǒcǛǎǏǕNJǕNJǗNJNjǚǘǛǘǔ~ƸǗǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǥǢǏǎǘ
ǘǙǒǚNJǕǛǩ ǗNJ ǘNjǤǏǖǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓ Ǘǘ ǜǘǜNjǥǕǙǚǘǑǚNJǡ ǙǘǎǗǩǜǦǛǩnjcnjǘǑǎǝǟnjǑǩnjnjcǛǘǨǑǗǒǔǒǔNJǔǗǒǙNJǚNJǎǘǔ ɮ wE .
- ǚNJǑǗǘnjǒǎǗǘǛǜǦǕǏǛǗǘǓǟǘǑǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒnjnjǏǕnjcǗNJǝǡǗǥǓ ǚǘǐǏǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǏǏ ǜǝǎNJǗNJnjǏǚǟǎNJǐǏǟǘǎǒǜǕǒǞǜ Ǘǘ
ǗǥǖǡǏǖǒǕǕǨǑǒǨǙǘǕǏǜNJǝǛǒǕǒnjNJǕ ǛNJǕǦǗǘǛNJǖǥǓǎǚǏnjǗǒǓǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǙǏǗNJǕ N  <!
E- ?>@? ǘNjǘǚǘǜ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnj ǡǏǕǘnjǏǔ ǡǦǏ ǒǖǩ ǐǒǜǦǟǘǡǏǜǛǩnjcǧǜǘǖ

102 
12.
*G



  +,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     &


  
 

    
     


 
  *4 !" #
((

 )     

ɭ ɮ
ƬcǍǘǎǝƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƪǛǛǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǎǕǩ
nƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~NjǘǕǦǢǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǡǏǓ
ǔNJǚǔNJǛǒǖǏǕǗǏǚNJnjǗǘǖǏǚǗǥǓǢNJǍǘǙǘǚ nǔNJǔ
ǚǒǜǖǛǜnjǘǕǘnjǛǘǛǗǘnjǘǓǚǘǣǒ~ NJcǙǏǚǏǎǗǒǏ
ǘǙǘǚǥ ǔNJǔ ǛnjNJǒ ǘǙǝǛǔNJǕǒǛǦ njc njǘǎǝ LJǜǒǖ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜǘǖƪǛǛǒǑǩǣǗǘǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǒǕǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ǕǏǛǒcnjǘǎǝǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǝǒcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖ
ƷNJǙǏǚnjǝǨǗNJǖǏǔNJǕnǙǘǚǜǒǔ~ǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘǞNJǛNJ
ǎNJ ǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǔǘǕǘǗǗǥNjNJǕǔǘǗǥ ǗǘǘNjǣǒǓ
ǘNjǤǏǖcǷǝǑǔǒǓǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǥǓcǷǗNJ
ǙǘǖǒǗNJǕ ǝǐǏ ǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǝǨ nǙǕNJǛǜǒǗǝ~ ǖǘ
ǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ ǔNJǔǒcǏǍǘǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJǚǏǢǏǜǔNJǖǏ
ǛǜNJǖǒǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩǖǏǛǜNJǖǒǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǗNJǩ ɭ   ! 
-
NJcǍǎǏǜǘǙǝǛǜNJǩ ƹǚǘǏǔǜǘǜǛǥǕNJǕǒcǔcnjǒǕǕǏ !- ?>>?
0Y^MƹǏǜǏǚNJǀǝǖǜǘǚNJǒcǔcnǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǛǜǛǔǘ ɮ * 
 - N  V-
ǖǝǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǝ~ƪǕǦǎǘƺǘǛǛǒǒcǔcnǖǘǎǏǚ ; - ?>>?
ǗǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǖǝǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖǝ~ƻǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘ
ǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒcǍǘǎNJcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦ
ǔcǚǏǎǔǒǖǗǘǩǚǔǒǖǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǖnjǙǚǩǡǦnjcǘǎǗǝ
ǜǏǕǏǍǝ ǔǘǗǩ ǒc ǜǚǏǙǏǜǗǝǨ ǕNJǗǦ Ʋc ǧǜǘ NjǥǕ
ǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǓ ǘǜnjǏǜ ǔNJǔ ǗNJ ǑNJǙǚǘǛ njǚǏǖǏǗǒ
njc ǘǡǏǚǏǎǗǘǓ ǚNJǑ ǚNJǑǘǡNJǚǘnjǥnjNJǨǣǏǍǘǛǩ
njcǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒǑǖǏ ǜNJǔǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒcǗNJǑNJǙǚǘǛ
ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǟǘǜǏǕ NjǥǜǦ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖ Ǘǘ Ǚǚǒ ǧǜǘǖ nnjc ǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǏ~
ƹǚǘǏǔǜ ǔc ǛǘǐNJǕǏǗǒǨ ǗǏ
NjǥǕnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǗǘǜǏǖNJǙǘǢǕNJƬcǜǘǜǐǏǍǘǎ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓnjcǜǘǖǐǏnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǛǜǚǘǒǜNjNJǗǨcǷ NJnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǩcǷǔNJǜǏǚNJcnjǖǏǛǜǘǑǏǖǕǒcǷnjǘǎNJƷǘnjǑǩnj
ǜǘǐǏǝcǛNJǖǘǓnjǘǎǥǜǘǐǏǛcǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘǖǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒǍNJ ǑNJǘǛǗǘnjǝǧǜǘǜǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛǎǘǖǝǐǏǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǘǛǜNJnjNJǜǦǛǩ
ǕǏǚǏǩǖǒǒcǜNJǔǝǨǐǏǝǑǔǝǨnjcǙǕNJǗǏƲcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠƼǘǜNJǗ ǘNjǥǡǗǥǖƷǏnjǑǒǚNJǩǗNJǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǙǚǘǡǗǘǍǘǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗ
ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǎǏǕNJǏǜǎǘǖǧǕǕǒǗǍǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏǙǘǙǚǘǣǏǗǘ ǜNJ ǛǜǘǓǔǒǔNJǚǔNJǛNJǔǚǏǙǩǜǛǩǔcǙǘǗǜǘǗNJǖ ǘǗǚǒǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǘ
ǜǏǖNJǜNJǐǏǒcǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒǒcǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǓǙǘǚǜǒǔ njǑǖǥnjNJǏǜǗNJǜǚǒǧǜNJǐNJƼNJǖǗNJnjǏǚǟǝǙǘǎǛǔNJǜǘǖǔǚǥǢǒ
ƱǗNJǖǏǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǛǟǘǐǟǘǜǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǝcnjǛǏǟ NjǏǑǘnjǛǩǔǘǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǡǏǚǎNJǔNJ cǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩƿǘǜǩǔNJǔNJǩ
ǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǓǚNJǑǗǥǓǎǘǖƪǛǛNJǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǔNJǚǔNJǛNjNJǗǩ ǧǜǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ#ƫǘǕǦǢNJǩǔǚǘnjNJǜǦǗNJǙǘǎǒǝǖǏcǷNJcNjǘǕǦǢǏ
ƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǛǕǘǐǏǗNJǒǑNjǚǏnjǗNJǎǘǖǒǔƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJcǷǒǑ ǗǒǡǏǍǘƮNJǏǣǏǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǘǏǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǙǘ
NjǚǝǛNJƸǍǚǝNjǕǏǗǒǏǐǏǜǏǖǥnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǖǒǖǏǏǜǑNJǔǘǗ ǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝƪǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǘǗǘǡǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǗǘƬǜǘ
ǗǘǏǘNjǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǏǎǘǖǛǜǘǒǜǗǏǝcnjǘǎǥ ǔNJǔǝcƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘ ǚǘǓǧǜNJǐcǷǛǔǚǘǖǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǘNjǣNJǩǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǎǘǖNJcǷ
ǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǡNJǛǜǒǡǗǘnjcnjǘǎǏ ǔNJǔǝcƪǛǛNJ NJcǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǛǙǝ cǔnjcǖ ǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗƷǘǜǝǜǙǚǩǖǘǗNJǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǖnjǘǑǎǝǟǏǏǣǏ
ǣǏǗǗNJnjǘǎǝƲcǔNJǔnjǛǩǔNJǩǞǘǚǖNJǙǘǙNJǎNJǨǣNJǩnjcǒǗǝǨ ǘǎǗNJǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǛǜǦcǷǎǐNJǔǝǑǒǁǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǑǕǒǢǏ
ǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǛǚǏǎǝ ǝǟǘǎǩǣNJǩnjcǙǕNJnjNJǗǒǏǒǕǒnjcǙǘǕǏǜ  ǛǜnjǘǗǘǒcnjǏǛǦǛǖǥǛǕǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷnjcǘNjǖǏǗǏǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnj
ǘǗNJǛǜǚǩǟǒnjNJǏǜǛcǛǏNjǩǘǜǩǍǡNJǨǣǒǏǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjNJ NjNJǗNJǕǦǗǥǟǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǟǒcǗǏǕǏǙǥǟǗNJǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǏ
ƮNJǒcǑNJǙǚǘǛNjǥǕǛǔǚǘǖǏǗǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǟǘ ǙǘǕǏǑǗǥǏǒcǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǏƸǗǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǘǛǜNJǏǜ
ǜǏǕǕǒǢǦǛNJǚNJǓǡǒǔǎǕǩǔNJǜǏǚNJƲcǐǒǜǦǚǩǎǥǢǔǘǖƼNJǔ ǛǩnǎǘǖǘǖǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǒǖǏǏǜǔNJǜǏǚnjcǽƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘǻ~
ǡǜǘǧǜǘǙǘǡǜǒǘNjǥǡǗǥǓǎǘǖǛcǍNJǚNJǐǘǖǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǖǏǛǜǘ ƷǘǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǠǒǩNjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjNJǑǎǏǛǦǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǒǗNJǩ

104 

 
w#UXUN JJ "U!UN UV #UXUNJ. ^)U"RUV*ˆ <U#XŠ
R_*Rˆ "VX*_*VW "<!^.V* XNUV <NX^#' " xR‡'
13.
& H 
;X'*VXU' w#UXUNRU#U ;XUVXRV"- w #UXUNU' 


 
  
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

;XXUNRUŠ J )*RNXR‡ˆ XV' "<wR_V*)‰RU !U)‰a*ˆ V*Š   


 
;*R R*x*) "<#UXUN* ")W*V R ' .UN xwR- ;USVU'^
    
R*^N"V*)‰RU _VU JU#N U!Ž*JVU' N*WV*)‰RUV X.Š
V*JVUX VRU"VW V ) RW "X`W ;X"‡_R‡. XŠ    $
NUV*ˆ ^<"UN‡ *'^ ;X.UNVW UUVRUV‰ w#UXUNR^]   *%% !" # * !" #
"U!UN^ Xw")*JV*)‰RU#U NU^#U"U#U 'U"‡Xx*Š (*
RW <x*VJ^] ;X"WwRRUV‰ J<"X*'*R #UN-

  

(;  X 
+ \<?@ ?>>@

ƬNJǗǗNJǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǏǙǕNJnjNJǨǣǏǍǘǛNJǚNJǓ
ǡǒǔNJƯǛǜǦnjcǧǜǘǖǡǜǘǜǘǙǏǕǏnjǒǗǛǔǘǏǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩ
ǙǘnjǘǎǘnjǎǕǩǒǚǘǗǒǒǎǘǖǗǏǎNJǏǜcǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǛNJǖǩnj
ǕǩǏǜǛǩǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǖǛǝǍǝNjǘǒǚǘǗǒǡǏǛǔǒǖƬǖǏǛǜǘǗǏ
ǑǥNjǕǏǖǘǛǜǒcǷǔNJǡNJǗǒǏnjǖǏǛǜǘǖǘǗǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒcǷ
ǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦnjǖǏǛǜǘǍǏǚǖǏǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦNJcnjǖǏǛǜǘ
njǏǡǗǘǛǜǒcǷnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦƲcǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǔǕǨǡǏnjǘǓǖǘ
ǖǏǗǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎǏǕNJǏǜǧǜǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǜNJǔǒǖnjNJǐǗǥǖ
ƮǕǩǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJnnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏ~NjǥǕǘǛǜǚNJǢ
ǗǥǖǙǚǘǔǕǩǜǒǏǖƸǗǘǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǕǘnǗǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏ~
nǗǏǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǏ~nNjǏǛǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǏ~nƷǏǜǗǒǡǏǍǘNjǘ
ǕǏǏǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǘǍǘǡǏǖnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏ~cǷnjǑǎǥǟNJǕNJǖNJǖNJ
ǙǘǎǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǩǙǘǎǗǘǐǔǝǛǜǘǕNJǛǕǘǐǏǗǗǝǨǔNJǚǜǘǗǔǝ
ưǒǑǗǦnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǩǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǕǘǛǦǘǜǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǜǦǗNJNjǝǎǝ
ǣǏǏƲcǙǝǛǜǦǗǏǝcǗNJǛcǷǗǘǝcǗNJǢǒǟǎǏǜǏǓcǷnjcǧǜǘǖ
ǛnjǏǜǕǘǖNjǝǎǝǣǏǖnjǛǏNjǝǎǏǜǟǘǚǘǢǘƬcǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǐǏ
ǗNJǎǕǏǐNJǕǘǕǒǢǦnǙǏǚǏǔNJǗǜǘnjNJǜǦǛǩ~
ƷǘǗNJǍǕNJǑNJǟǜǏǟǛNJǖǥǟǎǏǜǏǓcǷǗNJǗNJ ƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘcǷǛNJǖǥǓǡǝǜǔǒǓǞǕǨǍǏǚcǷǎNJnjǗǘǝǐǏǖǘNjǒǕǦ
ǢǒǟǍǕNJǑNJǟcǷnjǛǏǙǏǚǏǖǏǗǒǕǘǛǦƪǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǛǜNJǕǒ ǗǘǒcǒǗǜǏǚNJǔǜǒnjǗǘǟǏǙǙǏǗǒǗǍǒǙǏǚǞǘǚǖNJǗǛǥǞǕǏǢǖǘ
ǛǘnjǛǏǖǒǗǥǏǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǍǒNjǔǘǛǜǦǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦǙǘǎnjǒǐ NjǥƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǜǚǝǎǗǘǝǍǗNJǜǦǛǩǑNJǗǒǖǘǗNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǗǘǛǜǦǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǦƲǑǖǏǗǒǕǒǛǦǒcǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ ǖǝǑǥǔNJǗǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǑNJǛǜǥnjǢNJǩƮNJǒcǗǏǙǚǒǛǜNJǕǘǏǓ
ǛcnjǏǡǗǘǛǜǦǨƴǘǗǗǥǏǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒǖǏǖǘǚǒNJǕǦǗǥǏǖǝǑǏǒ njǚǘǎǏNjǥǝǡNJǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦnjcǧǜǘǓǛǝǏǜǏcǷǛǙǏǢǒǜǦǑNJǖǘǎǘǓ
ǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǥǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǩǝǕǒǠcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǝǐǏǗǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǜǦǛǩnjcǎǒǑNJǓǗǝǙǘǎǘNjǕǩǜǦǛǩǍNJǎǐǏǜNJǖƯǓNjǥ
ƬǏǡǗǘǛǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǏǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǖǘǜǒnjNJǠǒǏǓƷǒǔǜǘǝǐǏ ǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǜǦǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǥǓǙǘǕǨǛcǷǛǜNJNjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ
ǗǏNjǝǎǏǜǡǒǜNJǜǦǗNJǢǒǖǏǖǝNJǚǥǙǒǛǦǖNJǎǗǏnjǗǒǔǒƮNJ ǗNJǎǏǐǗǘǛǜǒǝnjǏǚǏǗǗǘǛǜǒnjcǑNJnjǜǚNJǢǗǏǖǎǗǏǁǜǘǘǛǘ
ǖǥǒǟǝǐǏǒcǗǏǙǒǢǏǖǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǒnjNJǩǛǦǙǘǛǜNJǖǒnjcǞǏǓǛ NjǏǗǗǘNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘnjcǗNJǢǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǏǍǎǏǕǏǜǖǏǡǜNJǕǒ
NjǝǔǏƫǝǎǝǣǏǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjǛǏNjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǜǒǡǗǥǖ ǘcNjǝǎǝǣǏǖNJcnjcǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖNjǥǕǘnnjǛǏǑNJǑǚǩǒcnjǛǏǗǏǜǘ
ƱNJǍNJǎǥnjNJǜǦǜǚǝǎǗǘǡǜǘNjǥǗǏǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǜǚNJǢǗǘƱNJǜǘ ǒcnjǛǏǗǏǙǚǘǡǗǘ~ƬccǍǘǎǝǔǘǍǎNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƭNJǕǒǡ
ǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǏǙǕǘǜǗǏǏǜǒcǝǛǔǘǚǩǏǜǛǩƪnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǦǖǏǗǩ ǙǒǢǏǜǧǜǒǛǜǚǘǔǒnjǛǩǔǘǏǗǘnjǘǛǏǕǦǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǞNJǔǜǘǖ
ǏǜǛǩǚNJǑnjcǜǚǒǍǘǎNJǜǏǕǏǞǘǗǔǘǖǙǦǨǜǏǚcǷǏǣǏǡNJǣǏ NjǏǑǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǘǜǚNJǎǗǥǖƷǘnjǛǏǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǘǛǦƻǘǠǚǏNJ
ƮNJǐǏǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǩcǷǒcǘǗNJǝǐǏǗǏǗNJnjǛǨǐǒǑǗǦƴǝǕǦǜ ǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǔNJǚǜǒǗNJnƻǜǚǘǒǜǛǩǗǘnjǥǓǎǘǖ~ǎNJnjǗǘǗǏ
ǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǓNjǝǖǔǚǏǎǒǜǘnjcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǛnjǒǎǏǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝ njǥǑǥnjNJǏǜǘǙǜǒǖǒǑǖNJƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǏǛǕǒǛǜǚǘǩǜǗǘnjǥǓ
ǏǜǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǩǩǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǔNJǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǗǏǘǜǕǘ ǎǘǖcǷǑǗNJǡǒǜǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǗǏǛǝǜǛǜNJǚǥǓǙǘnjǥǚǝNjǩǜ
ǐǒǜǦǗNJNjǝǎǝǣǏǏNJcǔNJǔǖǘǐǗǘNjǘǕǏǏǒǗǜǏǗǛǒnjǗǘǙǚǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǝǙǕǘǜǗǩǜǜnjǘǓǎnjǘǚǝǎǕǒǗǩǜǙǚǘNjǔǒNJcǐǒǜǦ
ǐǒǜǦǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǏƷǏǎNJǚǘǖǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǥǑNJǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǒǘNj njcǗǘnjǘǖǎǘǖǏnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘNjǝǎǝǜǗǏǕǨǎǒNJcǎǏǗǦǍǒ
nǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǗǒǓ~ ƲǟǘǜǩǎǘǖƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJǗǒǔǝǎNJǗǏǙǕǥ
ƴnjNJǚǜǒǚNJǎǘǖǗǏǘǛǜNJǨǜǛǩnjcǛǜǘǚǘǗǏǘǜ njǏǜNJcǕǒǢǦǙǘǔNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJnjǘǎǏǘǗǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘnjǥ ƴNJǐǎǥǓǑǗNJǏǜ ǒcǧǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǜǘǔNJǐǎǥǓǑǗNJǏǜ ǒc ǔǚǘnjǕǩ NjǏǑǍnjǘǑǎǏnjNJǩ Ǚǘ ǛǕǏǍNJǖ ǗNJǛǜǏǕǏǗ ǜǏǛ ǗNJ
ǧǜǘǓǍǘǗǔǒƷNJǢǒǖǎǏǜǩǖ ǡǜǘǝǐǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǘcnjǗǝǔNJǟ ǗǏ ǛǔNJǕǦǑǥnjNJǏǜǒǑǧǜǘǍǘǙǘǚǘǡǗǘǍǘǔǚǝǍNJǎNJǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǒǑ ǘcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǡǜǘnjcǛǜNJǚǒǗǝǗNJƺǝǛǒǛǜǚǘ ǗǏǖcǷNjǏǚǏǛǜǩǗǥǏǖNJǜǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛnjǏǚǟǝǛǗǘnjNJǙǚǒ
ǙǘǗNJǎǘNjǩǜǛǩǗNJǢǒǟǘǚǘǖǥǗNJǐǒǜǥǏǜNJǔǒǖǗǏǙǘǛǒǕǦ ǗNJNjǒnjǢǒǟǘǛǔǘǖǒǗǝǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǓNjǘǍNJǜǘǏcǷNjǏǎǗǘǏǛǘ ǒǕǒnNjǏǑǏǎǒǗǘǍǘǍnjǘǑǎǩ~ƮǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǘǛǏǚǏǎǒ ǐNJǜǥǜǏǛǘǖƷǘǧǜǘnjǛǏǐǏǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǕǝǡNJǓǒǖǏǗ
ǗǥǖǜǚǝǎǘǖƸǗǒǚNJǑNjǏǍǝǜǛǩǚNJǑǤǏǎǝǜǛǩNJcǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏcǷǗǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǏcǷǖǘǎǏǚ Ǘǥ<-<cnjǏǔNJǙǘǔNJǍnjǘǑǎǒǔǘnjNJǕǒnjǚǝǡǗǝǨǘǗǒNjǥǕǒ ǗǘnjcǔǚǘnjǏǕǦǗǥǟǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǟǍnjǘǑǎǒǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕǒ
njǘǘNjǣǏNjǝǎǝǜǐǒǜǦnjcǔǘǛǖǘǛǏƮNJǒcǖǥǝǐǏnjǛǏǖǏǗǦ ǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǏƲcǎNJǐǏǒǑǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǒnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏcǷnjǏǡǗǘǏ ǎǘǚǘǍǒǒcǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǏǑǎǏǍǎǏNjǥǕǘǖǘǐǗǘǘNjǟǘǎǒǕǒǛǦ ƼNJǔǐǏǒǟǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕǒǎǕǩǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǒǩǕǏǖǏǟNJǔcǔǝǙǘ
ǢǏǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǘǜǖǏǛǜNJ NJcnjǛǏNjǘǕǦǢǏcǷǘǜǛǔǘǚǘǛǜǒǒǗ ƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏnjǛǩǔNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnjǚǏǖǏǗ NjǏǑǗǒǟǡNJǣǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǩǍnjǘǑǎǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏcǷǗNJǍǏǕǒ ǕNJǖǒcǎǕǩǘNjǢǒnjǔǒǎǘǖǘnjǎǘǛǔNJǖǒ
ǜǏǚǗǏǜNJ ƻǜǒǚNJǨǜǛǩǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǖǏǐǎǝǎǘǖǘǖǒcǘǞǒǛǘǖ ǗNJƴNJǔǒcǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǔNJǩǐǒǑǗǦƷǘǖǥnjǏǎǦǙǘǡǏǖǝǜǘ ƪcnjcǛNJǖǘǖǛǜNJǚǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǟǚNJǖǏƺǘǛǛǒǒcǷǠǏǚǔ ƼNJǔǡǜǘǞǚNJǑNJǙǚǘnNjǏǑǏǎǒǗǘǍǘǍnjǘǑ
ǚNJNjǘǜǘǓǒcǘǜǎǥǟǘǖǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǒcnjǒǚǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨ ǗǏǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǖǛnjǘǨǐǒǑǗǦnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓ njǒƺǒǑǘǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǩǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƫǘǚǘǎNJnjNJ  cǷǎNJǐǏ ǎǩ~cǷǧǜǘǗǏǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗNJǜǩǐǔNJNJcǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷǖǒǞǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ

106 
ɭ z[’“[-
! 
/
 -
  "
 

-
2010
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
Ǜǘnj
ǘnjǚǏǖ
ǚǏǖǏǗ
Ǐ ǗǗǥ
Ǐnjǩ ǗǥǓǎ
Ǘ ǗǥǓ
ǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒ
ǎǘ ǖ
Ǜǔ Ǔ

ǙǘǎǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǨǜǝǐǏǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ ǙǚǘǗǒǔǕǘnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ ǛǔǘNjNJǖǒǙǏǜǕǩǖǒǞǝǚ


ǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǙǚǒǡǒǗǥLJǜǘǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǍǘǚ ǗǒǜǝǚǘǓ cǷǗǘǏǛǕǒǖǒǚǘnjNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnjǏǛǦƿƿnjǏǔ
ǎǘǛǜǦǑNJǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǖNJǛǜǏǚNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǖǘǐǏǜǒcNjǏǑǍnjǘǑ ǛǖǏǕǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕNJǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǒcǔǘǖNjǒǗǒǚǘ
ǎǏǓǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNJcǖǘǐǏǜǒǖǒNjǕǘǟǝǙǘǎǔǘnjNJǜǦƬcǧǜǘǓǍǘǚ njNJǜǦǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǜǘǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǜNJǔǒcǑNJǛǜǚǩǕNJǗNJǗǏǔǘǕǏ
ǎǘǛǜǒnjNJǐǗNJǒǎǏǩǙǘNjǏǎǥNjǏǎǗǘǍǘǗǘǝǖǗǘǍǘ ǍǘǕǦǗNJ NjǒǖǘǖNJǚǟǏǜǒǙǏǒǑNjǥƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǐǏ
njǥǎǝǖǔǒǟǒǜǚNJ ǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǒcǎǘNjǚǘǍǘǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǗNJǎǗǘnjǥǖ ǕǏǑNJǚǏǐǏǜǍǕNJǑǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝcǷǒcǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥ
ǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǥǖ ǛǜNJǚǥǓǎǚǝǍǕǝǡǢǏǗǘnjǥǟǎnjǝǟ ƯǛǜǦǜǝǜ ǚǏǢǒǜǦǛǩǙǚǒnjǏǛǜǒǏǍǘnjcǛǜǘǕǦǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜ
ǒcnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩǛǒǖǙNJǜǒǩǔcǒǎǏǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǘǚNJ ǗǝǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǜǦǝǡǏǗǒǔNJǖǒǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥnjǏǕǒǔǘǍǘ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎNJǚǒǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘNjǏǑǚǝǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǒǕ nǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǣǒǔNJ~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjNJNJcǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǗǏ
ǕǨǑǒǏǓnǚǝǔNJǛǜǘǛǜǒ~ ǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǩ-/)%ǛǎǏǕNJǕNJ ǖǏǗǏǏnjǏǕǒǔǘǍǘnǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǛǜNJ~ǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǩǞǒǚǖǥnƫǒǘ
ǕǘǑǝǗǍnƻǎǏǕNJǓǛNJǖ~ǡNJǛǜǦǨǛnjǘǏǓǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǒ ƲcǗNJǘ ǒǗǤǏǔǜǘǚ~ƲǍǘǚǩƻNJǞǚǘǗǘnjNJƮNJǒcǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǎǏǚǑǔǒ
NjǘǚǘǜNJǚǟNJǒǡǗǘǏǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǏǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǍǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǥǓ ǖǒǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚNJǖǒcǷǗǘǗǏǎNJǚǘǖƴǝǑǦǖǒǗǒcƻNJnjǒǗǔǒǗǝǐǏ
ǎǘǖcǷǛǝǍǝNjǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓNjǏǑǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǠǒǒǛcǐǏǕǏǑǘǖ njcǕǏǜǛǜNJǕǒǕNJǝǚǏNJǜNJǖǒƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǙǚǏǖǒǒ
ǒǕǒǔNJǖǗǏǖcǷǑǎǘǚǘnjǏǏǒcǗNJǎǏǐǗǏǏ ƹǚǘǏǔǜǝǧǜǘǍǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛNJ
ƬǧǜǘǖǏǛǜǦǛnjǘǩǙǚNJnjǎNJǍnjǘǑǎǒǒcǚNJǛ ǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǚǏǎǢǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘƭǘǛǙǚǏǖǒǩ
ǣǏǙǕǩǨǜǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǝǒcǛǘǑǎNJǨǜǔNJǗNJǕǥǎǕǩǙǚǘǗǒǔǗǘ ǗǘǒcnjǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǏǔǕǝNjNJnƴǘǔǘǗ~  ƹǏǣǏǚNJǛǜNJnj
njǏǗǒǩnjǕNJǍǒƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǧǜǘNjǥǕǙǝǜǦǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛNJǝǐǏ ǢNJǩǘNjǤǏǖǘǖǚNJǛǔǘǕǘǜǥǓǘǚǏǟǛcǔǚǒnjǘǓǛǔǘǚǕǝǙǘǓǒǑ
njc<-<cnjǏǔǏǛǜNJǕǘǩǛǗǘǡǜǘǙǚǘǣǏǚǏǍǝǕǩǚǗǘǚǏǖǘǗǜǒ ǢǕǒǞǘnjNJǗǗǘǓǞNJǗǏǚǥǍǕNJnjǗǥǖNJǜǜǚNJǔǠǒǘǗǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ
ǚǘnjNJǜǦǔǚǘnjǕǨǡǏǖǜNJǡNJǜǦǗNJǍǏǕǒƹǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǐǏǕǏǑǘ NjǥǕǔǘǔǘǗǝNjǘǚǗǘǓǛcǘǔǘǢǏǡǔǘǖnjcNjǘǜNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǛNJǎȁ

10
08 

 
^<'*RW "J^ J<X!UV* <N*X*"U' *#U VJV)‰RU'^
U~^~*R] N*V w N*VV" JU#N W<JxNU* )*VU
;XU"UN) "<N*X*"R* UJU)U 'U)*RJ- N*N^aJ !X)
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

'*RW <U!Uˆ R )*Uw#UVU"J- V' "* !‡)U w‡;RU VX^xŠ


J' W<<R' #X) w R. x* 'V*X)- "Uˆ ;*X"‡ˆ U!Ž*JV<
JUR^X^ N)W U!J< W<N*)) "<GŠ' J)* w VX‡. NUUJ <N*Š
X*"WRR‡. U!)U'JU"- <;UVU' '‡ <N*NU' VXU) RVUW~^]
!R] "<JUVUXUˆ NU . ;UX ;XWVRU ;U;XV‰W- ;Uwx* "<#X^;;*
-;-<*X'U)*" "<)]!U' 'U*' RV]X'UXV* JUVUX‡ˆ UV")W)Š
W JJ U!Xw ;XU*JV U!WwV*)‰RU T#^XXU") .UVW !‡ UNR
N*X*"WaJ- VU#N x* )‰RU* ";*_V)*R* ;XUw"*) N*X*"WRR‡*
J^)‰;V^X‡ JURVRVR !XRJ^w <.R X;- "* SVU ;UNJX*Š
;)U U~^~*R* _VU N*X*"U< 'Uˆ 'V*X)-

ɮ
ƹǘǖǒǖǘNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǓNjǒǘǖǘǚǞǗǘǛǜǒ ǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗ+ISVKIW Ǘǘ ǧǜǘ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǔǘǕǕNJǐ njc ǎǝǟǏ ǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǥƸǜǜǘǕǔǗǝnjǢǒǛǦǘǜǧǜǘǓǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥNJnj
njcǙNJǚǒǐǛǔǘǖǀǏǗǜǚǏƹǘǖǙǒǎǝǘǜǔǚǥǕǛǩnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǍǘǎ ƼNJǜǕǒǗNJǛǖǏǕǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǩnjǢǏǍǘnjcǛnjǘǒǟnǚǏ ǜǘǚǥnjǘǑǗǏǛǕǒǛǦǔǝǎNJnjǥǢǏǡǏǖǧǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǕNjǥǕǨNjǘǓ
ǚNJǗǦǢǏ ǜǝǜǜǘǐǏǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǘnjNJǕNJǜǏǖNJnǎǘǖNJnjcǎǘǖǏ~ ǕǦǏǞNJǟ~ǒcnǔǘǗǜǚǚǏǕǦǏǞNJǟ~ǛNJǖǥǏǚNJǑǗǥǏ ǎǚǝǍǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ ǡǜǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǜnjǘǚ
ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝnƴǘǔǘ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnjǛǏǍǎNJǘǛǜNJ ǡǏǛǔǝǨǖNJǗǏǚǝǎǝǧǜNJ ǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǑNJǧǜǘǓǧǔǛ
ǗNJ~ǔNJǔǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǔcǛǔǝǡǗǘǖǝǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝ njNJǕǘǛǦ ǎǏǚǏnjǘ ƼNJǔ ǒc ǜǝǜ ǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǏ ǡNJǛǜǒ ǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǨǗǏǕǦǑǩǗǏǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǒcǔǘǚǗǏǓnƬǘnjǚǏǖǩ
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǑNJǜǖǒǕNJǔNJǖǏǗǗǝǨ ǎNJ nǔǘǕǕNJǐNJ~ǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜNJǖǒǛǜNJǚǥǟ ǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǓǙǘƺǝǛǛǔǘǖǝƻǏnjǏǚǝcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƻNJnjǒǗ
ǒcǗǏƹǒNJǗǘǛcƺǘǎǐǏǚǛǘǖǏǏǎǏǕNJǕǒ ǟǘǜǩǙǘNjǘǕǦǢǘ ǛǚǝNjǘnj ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ ǙǚǒnjǏǑǕǒ ǒǑ ƺǏǛǙǝNjǕǒ ǔǒǗcǷǗNJǛǙǘǚNJǐNJǕNJǘǜǘǚnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǦNJǖNjNJǚǘnjǒcǙǘnjǏǜǏǓ
ǖǝǛǡǏǜǝnjcǗǏǓǒcǗǏǗǝǐǎNJǕNJǛǦǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǔNJǔnjcǔǚǥǢǏ ǔǒ ƶNJǚǒǓ LJǕ ƹǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǏ ǙǏǚǏǎ Ǘǒǖǒ ǛǜǘǩǣǒǟǗNJnjNJǕǝǗNJǟnjǥǛǘǔǘǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓ~
ƹǘǎǚǝǐǒnjǢǒǛǦǛcǟǘǑǩǒǗǘǖnƴǘǔǘǗNJ~ ǔNJǔǙǏǚǏǎǞNJǔǜǘǖǑǘǎǡǒǏǙǚǘnjǏǕǒǛcǔNJǐ LJǞǞǏǔǜ ǗǏ NjǥǕ Njǥ ǜNJǔǒǖ ǛǒǕǦǗǥǖ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƺǝǛNJǔǘnjǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎNJǕǑǘǎǡǒǖǔNJǚǜNjǕNJǗǢ ǎǥǖǗǏǔǝǨǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǝǨǧǔǑǏǔǝǠǒǨcǷǙǘnjǘ ǏǛǕǒNjǥnjcǧǜǘǜǙǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǏnjǢǒǓǛǚǝNjǗǏNjǥǕǘnjǚǏǑNJǗǘ
ǗǘǒcǛNJǖNJǔǜǒnjǗǘǝǡNJǛǜnjǘnjNJǕnjcǛǜǚǘǓǔǏ ƴǝǑǦǖǒǗǒcƻNJ ǎǘǖǔcǡǏǖǝNjǥǕNJǒǟǡNJǛǜǒǡǗNJǩǎǏǞǘǚǖNJǠǒǩ ǎnjNJ ǗǏǘNjǢǒǜǥǟ ǛǚǝNjNJ ǘǎǒǗc Ƿ ǛNjǘǔǝ ǘǜ nǐǏǕǏǑǗǘǍǘ
njǒǗǔǒǗǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǒǕǒǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǦǜǏǖǝǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜNJǖNJǜǏ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔǚǥǢǒcǛǜǚǘǙǒǕ ǎǚǘnjǘǛǏǔNJ~ǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǙǘǎǗǒǖ ǘǗǒǔNJǔNjǥǗNJǙǘǖǒ
ǚǒNJǕǘnjǝǐǏnjcǏǍǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǝǛNJǎǦNjǏƭǘǛǜǏnjǘǓǎǘǖ ƷNJǒNjǘǕǏǏǧǔǛǜǚNJnjNJǍNJǗǜǗǘ ǗNJǨǜǗNJǖǡǜǘǜNJǔǘǏǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖƿǘǜǩ
ǢǘǔǒǚǝǏǜǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǖǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘǖ ǑNJǗǒ njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǚǝNjǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǑNJǢǒǜǥǓ ǖǘǍNjǥǜǦǜǘǕǦǔǘǜNJǔǘǓcǷǛǏǚǖǩǐǗǥǓǙNJǚNJ ǒc ǘǗǒ ǜǘǐǏ ǗǏ ǛǘnjǛǏǖ nǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǏ~ ǒǟ ǘǔǘǢǔǒ Ǚǘ
ǖNJǨǣǒǖǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǡǝǜǦǗǏǙǘǕǞNJǛNJǎNJ ǗǘǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏ njcǘǠǒǗǔǘnjNJǗǗǝǨǛǜNJǕǦLJǜNJǠǏǕǦǗǘǖǏǜNJǕ ǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǥǓNJNjǛǝǚǎǗǥǓƷǏǍǗǝǜǦǗNJǔǘǕǏǗǔǏ ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǖǝnjǏǕǒǔǒǔNJǔǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏNjǥnjNJǕǘnjcǒǑNjNJǟ
ǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǏǍǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǞNJǗǏǚǗǥǓǠǏ ǕǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǘNjǘǕǘǡǔNJcǷǗNJǢǘǜnjǏǜǗǏǛǜǘǕǦ ǟNJǓǜǏǔǘnjǛǔǝǨǑNJǍǘǍǝǕǒǗǝNJcǘǎǏǜǦnjcǐǏǕǏǑǘ NJcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǒǍǚǒnjǘǔǚǝǍǕǘǏǘǔǗǘǡǏǚǎNJǔNJǙǚǘǙǒǕǏǗǗǘǏ
ǕǒǔǘǖǒcǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǒǑǞNJǗǏǚǥǜǝǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǕǔǒ ǔǘƻǜǧǗǕǒƴǝNjǚǒǔǝ ǟǘǜǩnjcǏǍǘǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǖ ǘNjǥǡǗǥǓǛǚǝNjcǷǡǏǖǒcǙǘǚNJǑǒǜǦ njcǖǘǣǗǥǟNjǚǏnjǗNJǟƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǎǒǗǒǑǛǚǝNjǘnjǙǘǔǘǒǜǛǩ
ǛǜǏǗǥǒcǙǘǕǥǗǘǎNJǐǏǛǜǘǕǥǒcǕǏǐNJǗǔǒƭǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ ǞǒǕǦǖǏǔNJǛǔǒǗNJnjǡǏǚNJǢǗǒǟǢǔǘǕǦǗǒǔNJǟ ƬǖǏǜNJǕǕǐǏǘǗǑNJǢǒǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛnjǏǚǟǝ ǗNJnǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǖ~ǠǘǔǘǕǏ njǏǛǦǏǍǘǗǒǑǑNJNjǚNJǗnjcǛǜǏǔ
ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǚǏǔǘǚǎǗNJǩǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǖǏǐǎǝǏǍǘǡNJǛǜǩǖǒ ǛǒǎǩǜǜNJǔǐǏǗǏǕǏǙǘ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘƾǚǧǗǔǝƭǏǚǒ ǒcǛcNjǘǔǘnjǗǘǒcǛǗǒǑǝcǷǡǜǘnjǒǎǗǘǙǘǛǔǘǕǦ Ǖǘ NJcnjǜǘǚǘǓǡNJǛǜǒǡǗǘnjǥnjǏǢǏǗǒcǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǜǏǐǏ
ǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǒcǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǛǖǩǍǡǏǗǥǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǥǒcnǙǕǒǗǜǝ ǛcƮNJǗǒǧǕǏǖƵǒNjǏǛǔǒǗǎǘǖcǷǎnjǝǖǛNJǖǥǖ ǔǝǛǚǝNjǙǘǎǗǩǜǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓǗNJǙNJǚǝǖǏǜǚǘnj ǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǏǛǜǘǕNjǥƼǘǏǛǜǦǛǚǝNjǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǑǘǎǡǒǖǒ
Ǜǥ~ǒcǗǘǐǔǒǔǚǘnjNJǜǒ ǒcǎNJǐǏǎǥǖǘǟǘǎǔNJǖǒǗNJǙǚǏǎ ǖǘǎǗǥǖnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǔǘǗǠNJƿƿcnjǏǔNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǖƱNJǡNJ ɮ " 

 J
 LJǜǘǜǘǡǏǚǏǎǗǘǓǧǔǛǜǚǏǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǟǘǎǜǘǐǏǒǖǏǕǙǘǎ ǔNJǔǙǘǕǝǞNJNjǚǒǔNJǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǘnjǏǚǩǏǜǛǩǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJ
ǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǘǓnjǥǕǘǐǏǗǗǝǨǒǑǔǒǚǙǒǡNJǔǘǕǘǗǗǝ  ǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǦǒǖǒNjǥǕNJǘǍǚǘǖǗNJ ƱNJǟNJƿNJǎǒǎǙǚǒǎǏǜǡǝǜǦ "  

- J  ǛǘNjǘǓǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǙǚǒǡǒǗǥǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǘǛǜNJnjNJ ǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǍǒNjǔǘǛǜǦǗNJnjNJǕǏǗǜǗǘǛǜǦǖǘǐǗǘ
ƷǘǧǜǘǏǣǏǠnjǏǜǘǡǔǒǙǘǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǨ ǙǘǑǐǏ ǗǘǛǜǘǕǦǐǏnjǏǕǒǔNJ ǒcǘǡǏnjǒǎǗNJ NjǥǕNJǙǚǘǙNJǛǜǦ (J  +- ?>>? ǕǒǛǦǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǥǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǓǙǚǏǐǗǏǍǘǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ ǕǒǘǜǘǚnjNJǜǦǏǍǘǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǗNJǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǗǘǍǒ
ǛcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖƮǘǖǘǖǏǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǛǕǘǐ ǚNJǑǎǏǕǩnjǢNJǩǜNJǕNJǗǜǥǒcǙǘǔǕǘǗǗǒǔǘnjƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǜnjǏǜ ǒǖǏǕǒǗǏǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥNJcǛǚǝNjǥNjǥǕǒnjǙǘǕǗǏ ǑNJǢǒǜǦnjcǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǑǗǝǜǚǒǘǜǎǏǕNJǜǦǞNJǗǏǚǘǓ#

110 
 
ɭ
14. ɭ ) J:-  


   JUR*_RU *ˆ_ "‡;^J]VW J)**R‡* !)J
<  ! - R*"*XUWVR‡. ;XU)*VU"- RU *) UV")*_‰W UV
R .. 



  +, RU"‡. V*.RU)U#ˆ '‡ w'*V' _VU ;UVXUˆŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   

 ) ɮ ) J - J w !X*"*R "*#N U'aV!R _*)U"*J^< < V *JVURJUˆ


;
  (S%
R + "U*ˆ V*R‡ <Xw'*XU' !)J- )U"RU ;XXUN '
     

 "
  B R' ;UNJw‡"*V JJU#U Xw'*X NU)x*R !‡V‰ Ra NU'
  0 !" # <;
$- @G?M
R<!U)‰a* R '*R‰a*-
(*

  


ǙǚǘǖǏǐNjǕǘǔǘnjNjǥǕǒǏǣǏǛǎǏǕNJǗǥǙǚǘǚǏǑǒLJǞǞǏǔǜ
njǥǢǏǕǛǒǕǦǗǥǓǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǧǜǘǓǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǔǘǓ Ǎǘ
ǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǓǖǘǎǝǕǦǛcǑNJǍǕǝNjǕǏǗǒǩǖǒ ǎǘǖnjǗǩǜǗǘǗNJ
ǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǘNjǒǑNjǏǗǘǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǧǜǘǝǐǏǒǑNjNJ
ǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗNJǩǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩ ƷǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǜǘǖ
ǡǜǘǒcǛǜǘǒǜǎǘǖǒǔǗNJNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǟǛnjNJǩǟǡǜǘǕǏǍǔǘǒcǙǚǘ
ǛǜǘǚǏǢNJǏǜǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǙǚǘnjǏǜǚǒnjNJǗǒǩǒcǙǚǘǛǝǢǔǒǛǜǘǕǦ
njNJǐǗǝǨǎǕǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒ
ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǛǩǧǜNJǖǗǘǍǘǟǘǎǘnjNJǩǒǛǜǘ
ǚǒǩ NJcǔcǜǘǚǠNJǖNjǚǏnjǏǗcǷǡǜǘNjǥǗǏǍǗǒǕǒcǷǏǣǏNjǥǕǒ
ǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǗǥǒcǗNJǙǒǕǏǗǥǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǏǑNJǍǕǝǢǔǒ ǗǏnjǥ
ǍǕǩǎǒǜǘǜǜǘǡǏǗǗǥǖǔǘǗnjǏǓǏǚǘǖǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǛǩ
ǖǏǚǞǒǗǗǥnjcǛnjǘǏǓ,32/% ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǏǣǏǗǏ ǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǖƷǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏcǷǗNJǡǒ
NjǥǕǍǘǜǘnjƫǘǍNJǜǥǓcǷǙǛǒǟǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǏǖǝǟǘǜǏǕǘǛǦ ǗNJǩǛcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǩǠǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǘNjǤǏǖNJƮǘǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǛǘ
ƴNJǔǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦǚǝǟǗǝǕNJnjǥ nǧǔǛǔǕǨǑǒnjǗǘǍǘ~ NjǏǎǗǥǓcǷǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǧǜǘNjǥǕǘ ǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǖǒǑǎnjǝǟǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǘǔ ǛcǚNJǑǗǘǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǖǒ
ǩǛǗǒǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǐǒǜǦnjcǜǒǙǘnjǘǖǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǘǖ njǛǏǜNJǔǒǎǘǚǘǍǘ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǒǜǦǗNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǏ ǛǔNJǜNJǖǒ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǒǕǘnjǔǘǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ
ǖǝǚNJnjǏǓǗǒǔǏǗǒǔǜǘǗǏǟǘǡǏǜǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǛǘNj ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǜǒǙǘnjǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJNjǥǕǘnjǘǑ ƼNJǜǘǐǏǔǚNJǓǗǏǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗNJǘNjǥǡǗǘǘǗNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǝǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǔNJǐǎǥǓǚNJǎ ǖǘǐǗǘǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJcǷǔNJǔǘnjǥǖNjǥǕ ǎǘǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏǔcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǝǘNjǤǏǖǝǒcǒǖǏǏǜǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏ
ƷǘǔNJǔǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǛNjǥǡǝǧǜǒǟ ǘǜǗNJǡNJǕNJǎǘǔǘǗǠNJǔǝǚǘǚǜnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǧǜǘnnjǥǗǝǜNJǩ~ǒǑǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǙǕNJǗNJ
ǖǏǡǜ# ƸǎǒǗ ǒǑ njNJǚǒNJǗǜǘnj ǘǜnjǏǜNJ ǔNJǑNJǕ ƮǘǖǒǔǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǘǛǦǚNJǛǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘ ǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǝǢǔNJcǷǡǜǘǎǏǕNJǏǜǏǏǘǡǏǗǦǝǨǜǗǘǓǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ
ǛǩǘǡǏnjǒǎǏǗǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǦǜǘǡǜǘǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩ njNJǜǦnjcǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǏǢǜǝǔǒcǚNJǛǔǒǎNJǜǦǙǘǕǏǛǝcǷǑNJ ǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜcǷǡǜǘǙǚǒNjǕǒǐNJǏǜǔcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ
njǕNJǛǜǦnjcǙǚǒǔNJǑǗǘǖǙǘǚǩǎǔǏǚNJǑǤǏǎǒǗǒǕNJ ǖǏǗǩǩǛǗǏǛǏǗǗǥǏǔǘǚǙǝǛNJǙNJǗǛǒǘǗNJǜNJnƴǕǩǑǦǖǒǗǛǔǘǏ ƪcǜNJǔǐǏǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝǙǚǒnjǔǝǛǜǘǕǒǙNJǕǝNjǥ
Ƽǘ ǏǛǜǦ ǡǏǚǏǑ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǜǒǙǘnjǘǍǘ njǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣǏ~ ǜǘǏǛǜǦnjcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒǛcǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓ ǜǘǕǒǛǠǏǗǥ njcǕǨNjǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏcǷǗǏǔǘǓǠǏǗǗǘǓǎǕǩǘǜ
ǗǘǝǐǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƼNJǔǒǖǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǖǏǡǜǘǓǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ ƺNJǑNjǚNJǛǥnjNJǕǒǛǦǘǗǒ ǎǥǟNJǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏnǒǗǘǖǒǚǗǘǛǜǒ~ 
NjǥǕǒcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓǎNJǡǗǥǓǎǘǖǒǔ ǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘ ǜNJǔǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǍǏǗǙǕNJǗǎNJǐǏǛǜNJǕǘNjǕǘǐǔǘǓ ƸǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔǚǥǢǒǗNJǎǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǗǏ
ǣǒǜǘnjǘǓ  Ǘǘ ǘǗ NjǥǕ njǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǛǏǑǘǗǗǥǖ ǘǎǗǘǍǘǒǑǗǘǖǏǚǘnjǐǝǚǗNJǕNJnƹǚǘǏǔǜƺǘǛǛǒǩ~ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǘǓ ǡNJǓ ǗǏ ƲǜNJǕǒǩ ǘǜ ǑǗǘǩ ǗǏ ǒǑ
ǐǒǕǒǣǏǖNJcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘcǷǝǐNJǛNJǨǣǏ ǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǎǘǖǒǔǘnjǛnjǘǏǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓnǗNJǎǏnjNJǕǛǩ~ǗNJǎǏ ǗǥǜǦ ǑNJǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǎnjǏǚǒǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǣǒǏǏǏǛcǎǘǖǘǖ
ǗǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖnjǛǏnjcǗǏǖǜǏǔǕǘǛǥǚǏǕǘ ǚǏnjǘcǷǡǜǘNjǥǕǘǒcǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǙǚǒnjǩǑǔǘǓǗǘnjǘǓNJǚ ǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǨǜǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǔNJǔǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏ
ǍǗǒǕǘǚǐNJnjǏǕǘnjǏǜǢNJǕǘǒcnjǘǗǩǕǘ ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǔcǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǝǨǣǏǓǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǒcǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǖ ǜǏǚǚNJǛǥƸǔǗNJnjcǙǘǕǎǘǙǘǕǗǩǨǜǜǏǖǝǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛǕǘnjǗǘ
ƬǏǍǘǎǥǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩNJǚ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏǖǎnjǝǟǒǙǘǛǜNJǛǏǓǎǏǚǏnjNJNJcǜNJǔǐǏǑǗNJǔǘǖ NjǥǙǚǘǜǏǔNJǏǜǡǏǚǏǑǎǘǖǒcǙǕNJnjǗǘnjǥǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǘNjǚNJǜǗǘ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǙǥǜNJǕNJǛǦǛǘǑǎNJǜǦǔNJǙǒǜNJǕǦǗǥǓ ǗǘnjǘǓǧǙǘǟǒnǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǜǚǏǙǏǜǗǘǛǜǒ~ƻNJǖǟǘǎǗǏ njcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝƪcǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǙNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǎǕǩǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒ NjǥǕǗǘnj ǎǏǚǏnjǘǛǔnjǘǑǦǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǙǏǚnjǥǖǙǚǘǙǝǛǜǒǕǏǣǏ ǚǘǎǒǚǝǏǜǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨǗNJǧǜǘǖǖǏǛǜǏǙNJǗǏǕǦǜǏǕǏnjǒǑǘ
ǧǜǒǘǙǥǜǥǘǙǒǛNJǗǥnjcǙǚǏǎǒǛǕǘnjǒǒ ǗǘǧǜNJ ƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏnjcǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǏnLJǛǙǚǒƷǝnjǘ~njccǍǘǎǝ Ǘǘ ǚNJLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǝǐǏǗǏǟǒǙǙǘnjǛǔǘǏNjǏǍǛǜnjǘnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝ
ǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǗǏǙǘǕǝǡǒǕNJǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǩƻǜǚǘǒǜǦǑNJ ǛǜǘǕǦǣǏǎǚǘǚNJǛǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǘǗǘNjǚǏǜNJǕǝǐǏǛǜNJ ǘǑnjǝǡǏǗǗǘǏnjcƻƻƻƺǍǏǚǘǩǖǒnƫǚǏǖǏǗǛǔǒǟǖǝǑǥǔNJǗǜǘnj~
ǛnjǘǓ ǛǡǏǜ ǡNJǛǜǗǥǓ ǎǘǖ ǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǝ NjǥǕǘ ǜǝǛǗǏǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǏǖNJNJcǒǑǩǣǗǘǍǘǙǚNJnjǒǕNJnǁǜǘ nƷNJǢǔǘnjǏǚcǷǠnjǏǜǘǡǗNJǩǙǘǕǩǗNJ~ NJcnjǛǏǐǏNJǙǚǘǙǚǒ
ǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǗǏnjǥǍǘǎǗǘƼNJǔǘǓǎǘǖǘǛǜNJ NjǥǛǜǘǩǜǦcǷǙǏǕƫƭcǷǩcǎǘǕǐǏǗǎǏǚǐNJǜǦǛǩǔǘǚǗǏǓ~ NJǠǒǩǟǘǜǩǒcǝnjNJǐǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǘnjǘǔǚǝǍǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ
njNJǕǛǩǜǏǖǐǏǒǗǛǜǚǝǖǏǗǜǘǖǙǘǘǣǚǏǗǒǩ ǗNJ ƻNJǖǎǘǖǜǘǐǏǗǏǎnjǝǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘnǎǏǚ nnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩ~ ǎǘǖ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ ǔNJǔ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓ
ǔNJǑNJǗǒǩ ǔNJǔǒǖNjǥǕǘnjǘǘNjǣǏnjǛǏǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǏ ǐǒǜǛǩǔǘǚǗǏǓ~njcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjNJǙǚǏǎǢǏ ǜNJǔǒcǛǖǥǛǕǘnjǘǓǘǛǦǨnjǛǏǓǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǥcǷǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏǗNJ
ǐǒǕǒǣǏcǷǗǘnjcǍǘǎǥǙǘǑǎǗǏǍǘǑNJǛǜǘǩǒǎǏ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔǘnjǙǘǡNJǛǜǒnǜǒǙǘnjǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ~ǘǗǠǏǕǒ ǟǘǎǒǜǛǩnjcǏǏǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǠǏǗǜǚǏ ǡǜǘǜǘǐǏnjǏǛǦǖNJ
ǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǏ ǖǘǜǒnjNJǠǒǒ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜ njǛǏ ǟǝǐǏ ǒc ǟǝǐǏ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǚǘǓǎǏǜǖǗǘǍǘǕǏǜǙǚǏǐǎǏ ǔǘǖǛǎǏǕNJǗǒǑNjǚǝǛNJLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘNjǚǝǛǗǏNjǚǏnjǗǘǗǘ ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘNjǥǜǦǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǗNJǟǘǎǩǛǦǗNJǙǏǚǒǞǏǚǒǒ 
ƻNJǖǐǏǛǏǕǦǛǔǒǓǐǒǜǏǕǦǙǚǒǝǡǏǗǗǥǓǑNJǙǘǕnjǏǔNJǔcǙNJ ǡǏǖǝǎNJǛǜǛǩnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩǔcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ Ǘǘ ǧǜǘǛNJǖǥǓǜǘǡǗǥǓnjǥNjǘǚǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJnjcǕǘǍǒǔǏǜǒǙǘnjǘǍǘ ƽnjǥǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNjǥǛǜǚǘǙǘǗǩǕǡǜǘǏǍǘ
ǜǏǚǗNJǕǒǑǖǝ NjǥǕ ǝǐǏ ǗǏ Ǎǘǜǘnj njǏǛǜǒ ǜNJǔǘǏ ǛǏǚǦǏǑ ǝǐǏǗNJǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǚǏǕǦǛNJǟǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ ǜǒǙǘ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǩƹǚNJnjǎNJ ǒcǜǝǜǛǗǘnjNJǕǝǔNJnjǛǜnjǘ NJnj ǠǏǕǏnjNJǩNJǝǎǒǜǘǚǒǩ ǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǥnjǥǟǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǗǩ ǗǏǑNJǟǘ
ǗǘǏǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǘƮNJǒcnjǔǝǛǥǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩnjǕNJǛǜǦǛǝǖǏǕNJ njǘǓǎǘǖ cǷǔǘǍǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǙǚǒǎǝ ǜǘǚǝǙǚǘǛǜǘǓNjǚǝǛǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǛǘǕǒǎǗǥǖ ǡǏǜǐǒǜǦnjcǜNJǔǘǖNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǐǒǕǒǣǏǎNJǏǣǏǒcǗǏ
ǜNJǔǒǒǑǖǏǗǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǗǏǝǎǘNjǗǥǖ ǖNJǏǜǛnjǘǓnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~ 66 ƷǘǜǘǍǎNJnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿ-cnjǏǔNJ ǒcǘǗǛǔǕǏǒǕǏǍǘǙǘǎnjNJƷǘǧǜǘǗǏǙǘǖǘǍǕǘǎǘNjǒǜǦǛǩ ǘǜǕǒǡNJǨǣǏǖǛǩǘǜǐǒǕǒǣNJǛǘǛǏǎNJƮǘǖǜNJǔǒcǘǛǜNJǕǛǩ
ǒcǗǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖ ǐǒǜǦnjcǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǒǔNJǟ ǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒ ǐǏǕNJǏǖǘǓǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǒcǜǘǍǎNJǙǝǜǏǖǞǚǏǑǏǚǘnjNJǗǒǩ njcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǧǔǑǏǖǙǕǩǚǏ

112 
 *J
ɭ
15. ɭ  ~

-  5
N    - ?>>= NU' R* NU)x*R !‡V‰ !U)‰Š
a' <"‡UJ'- !U)‰a*


  $3 N"^. SVx*ˆ R "<JU*' )^Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   5 _*- <)^_a* "*#U _VU!‡ V*))W ;U


)RNaTV^- wJX‡V <^)`‡ RU UVJX‡V
     ) 
"<;XXUN^-
  0 !" #
(6

  & 

ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǘǖǎNJnjǗǘ ǍǚNJǗǒǠNJcǷǧǜǘǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǍǚNJǗǒǠNJǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǖǥǖǘǐǏǖ
ǘǜǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǗǘnjcǙǚǒǕǘǐǏǗǒǒǔcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝ ǘǛǩǑNJǜǦǛǕǥǢNJǜǦǒcnjǒǎǏǜǦnjcǎNJǗǗǥǓǖǘǖǏǗǜƹǘǎǗǒ
ǎǘǖǝǘǗǑnjǝǡǒǜǙǘǙǚǏǐǗǏǖǝǛnjǏǐǘǒcǛǖǏǕǘ ǖNJǩǛǦǗNJǎǕǏǛǘǖǎǘǖǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǚNJǑǎnjǒǗǝǜǦ
ƼǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǐǏ ǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ ǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǚǏǡǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘcǞǒǑǒ
ǙǚǒǐNJǜNJǔcǑǏǖǕǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ ǡǏǛǔǘǖǚNJǛǢǒǚǏǗǒǒǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǗǘǒcǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǔǛǜǚǏ
ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJǖǘǍǕNJNjǥǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǗǏǝǨǜǗǘǓ ǖNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǜNJǔǘǍǘǘNjǒǜNJǗǒǩǘNjǘǛǜǚǩǏǜnjǘǛǙǚǒǩǜǒǏƹǘ
ǗǘnjǥǚǝǡNJǏǜǖǏǛǜǘǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏcǷnjcǝǔǚǘǖ ǑNJǎǝǖǔǏNJnjǜǘǚNJǜNJǔǒǟǎǘǖǘnjǎǘǕǐǗǘNjǥǜǦǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ
ǗǘǖǝǍǘǕǔǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǘnjNJǗǛǔǚǏǣǏǗǒ ǜǘǍǎNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǥNjǝǎǝǜǚNJǑǎnjǒǍNJǜǦǛǩǘǜnjǥǢǔǒǔcnjǥǢǔǏ
ǏǖǎnjǝǟǘNjǤǏǖǘnjcǷǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǍǘǛǚǝNjNJǒcnjǏ ǔNJǔǗNJǚǒǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǟǔǘǛǜǚNJǟǒǗǎǏǓǠǏnjƪǖǏǚǒǔǒ
ǚNJǗǎǥ ǍǎǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗNJǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩ Ʋcǧǜǘ ƭǕǝNjǘǔǘǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ NJnjǜǘǚǛǔǒǟ Ǚǘ
njǜǘǚǘǓǛǒǕǦǗǥǓǟǘǎǃǏǜǒǗǒǗǘǓcǷǝǚNJnj ǛǕNJǗǒǓǒǗǘǍǎNJǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǕǝǔNJnjǛǜnjǘǖ ǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǔǘǍǎNJ
ǗǩǜǦnjcǙǚNJnjNJǟǎnjǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǘǎǗNJǒǑǔǘǜǘ ǚǏǡǦǒǎǏǜǗǏǘcnjǙǘǕǗǏǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǖǘǙǥǜǏ ǗǘǝNjǏǐǎNJǏǜ
ǚǥǟ ǙǚǏǐǎǏ ǛǡǒǜNJǕNJǛǦ ǕǏǍǔǘǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƲcnjcǎNJǗǗǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏǘǛǜǚǘǜNJ
ƻnjǘǓǎǘǖƪǗǗNJǃǏǜǒǗǒǗNJǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕNJnjcǜǘǜǛǡNJǛǜǕǒ njcNjǝǚǕǩǣǒǓǙǏǚǏǔǚǏǛǜǘǔǙǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǜǘǕǙǥǜǝǚǒǛǜǘnj ǗǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǓƬǏǚNJǗǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩǒǑǜǘǍǘǐǏNjǚǏnjǗNJ ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǩǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcnǑNJǟnjNJǜǥnjNJǨǣǒǟǎǝǟnjǒǎNJǟ~
njǥǓǖǘǖǏǗǜǔǘǍǎNJƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǏǠǏǣǏǗǏǛǜNJǕǛNJ NjǝǎǝǜǗǏǛǜǒǛǦǗNJnjǛǜǚǏǡǝǛcǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǖ ǡǜǘǒcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǘNjǤǏǖǗǏǛǒǕǦǗǘǝǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǏǖǝnjcǚNJǑ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒnjcǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǛǜǒǗNJǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǩǎǘǖNJnjǚǘ
ǖǘǓǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǓƺǘǛǛǒǒƬcǗNJǡNJǕǏ<<-cnjǏǔNJ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖNjǏǑǖǩǜǏǐǗǘǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǝǕ ǖǏǚNJǟ Ǘǘ ǏǣǏ ǒc ǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǏǜ ǗNJ ǛǏNjǩ ǚǘǕǦ ǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘ njǏǗǦǛcǔǚǘǗNJǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǦǏnjnjcǝǖǥǢǕǏǗǗǘǓǚǒǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǘ
ǘǗ njǕNJǡǒǕ NjǏǑǖǩǜǏǐǗǘǏ ǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǘǔǝǜNJǗǗǥǓ ǛǩǘǎǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǔcǘǎǗǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǏǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǔcǎǚǝǍǘǓ ǞNJǛNJǎNJ Ʋc ǧǜǘ ǜǚǏǜǦǩ NjǕǏǛǜǩǣNJǩ ǗNJǟǘǎǔNJ NJnjǜǘǚNJc Ƿ ǛǜǒǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǙǘǡǜǒǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǘǓǒcnjcǛNJǖǘǖǞNJǔǜǏ
ǘǚǏǘǕǘǖǢǒǚǘǔǘǓǛǕNJnjǥnjcǝǑǔǒǟǔǚǝǍNJǟǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǩǙǚǒ ƸǗǒǎNJǐǏǒcǗǏǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǧǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǗNJǛǜǒǕǥǙǚǒǔǚǥ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǦǒǑNjǝ NjǚǏnjǗǘǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩ ǛcǎNJǡǏǓ ǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǒǑNjǝǢǔNJǙǘǎǗǩǕNJǛǦƴNJǔǘnjǘǏǛǘNjǥǜǒǏ ǎNJǚǘǖ
ǧǜǘǖǙǏǚnjǘǑǎNJǗǗǝǨǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǦƸNjǤǏǔǜǥǕǧǗǎNJǚǜNJǔǘ ǜǥǏǛnjǏǛNJǖǒǔǚǘnjǕǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘǙǒǚNJǨǜǛǩǗNJǛǜǘǕNjǥ ǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ ǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏ njǏǚNJǗǎǥ  Ʋc ǒǖǏǗ ǡǜǘnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǏ njcǛǜNJǚǒǗǝǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒ
ǜǘǚǥǏƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƹǘǕǒǛǛǔǒǓǛǘǘǚǝǐNJǕǛcǖǏǛǜǗǥǖǒǐǒ ƹǚǒǏǖǙǘǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǝcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǟǘǑǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǔǛǘ ǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǨǜǛǩǎnjNJǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǟNJǚǟǏǜǒ njNJǕǘǛǦ ǔNJǔ ǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏ ǙǏǚǏǟǘǎNJ njc ǒǗǘǏ ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘ
ǜǏǕǩǖǒǝǟǘǎǒǕǒǜǝǎNJǐǏǘǜǔǝǎNJǙǚǒǢǕǒcǷǚNJǛǜNJǒnjNJǩ njǏǜǛǔǘǍǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǒcnjcǏǍǘǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǒǒǗǏNjǥǕǘNjǥǗǒ ǙNJ ǒcǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǨǜǛǩǘǡǏǗǦǕǘnjǔǘ ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǩNjǦǨǣǏǓ nǀǏǚǔǘnjǦǛǍǘǚǏǕNJcǷǙǒǢǏǜǒǛǜǘǚǒǔƲnjNJǗƱNJNjǏǕǒǗcǷ
ǔNJǔnƻǗǏǍǘnjǒǔǒ~ ǛǍǘǚNJǩ ǔNJǔnƻǏǗǗNJǩNjNJǢǗǩ~ ǒǕǒ ǡǏǍǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǍǘǗǘǛǔNJǜǥǜNJǔǒǏǎǕǒǗǗǥǏNJcǝǍǘǕǙǘǎ njc ǍǕNJǑNJ ǗǘnjǒǑǗǥ ǗǏǜ ƿǘǜǩ ǜNJǔǘǍǘ nǕǒǠNJ~ ǝc ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ǒǕǒǙǘǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǖǝnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǨǕǏǜǘǙǒǛǒǙǘǎǗǩǕNJǛǦ
ǚNJǑNjǒǚNJǩǛǦǗNJǎǚǘnjNJ ǔNJǔnƮǚǘnjǗǒǔ~ ƷǒǔǜǘǗǒǛcǔǏǖ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǘǗǒǛǟǘǎǩǜǛǩǜNJǔǘǓǜǝǙǘǓǡǜǘǎǘǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǣǏǗǏNjǥǕǘ ǘǜǍǚǘǖǝǒcǖǘǕǗǒǒ~ƻǐǒǍNJǗǒǏǗNJƶNJǛǕǏǗǒǠǝǘNjǤǏǔ
ǏǣǏǗǏǚNJǑǚǝǍNJǕǛǩǖǏǛǜǗǥǓǛNJǖǘǍǘǗNjǥǕNjǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗ ǛNJǖǘǕǏǜǒǔǘǖǗNJnjǑǕǏǜǗǘǓǙǘǕǘǛǏƸcǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǒǃǏ ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǧǜǘnjǛǏǠnjǏǜǘǡǔǒǙǘǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǨǛcǜǏǖ ǜǘnjǎNJnjǗǘǛǜNJǕǘǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓnjcƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǠǏǘǎǗNJ
ǗǘnjǔǝǛǏǗNJcǙǚǒǏǑǐNJǕǛǨǎNJǕǒǢǦǝǑǔǒǓǔǚǝǍǎǚǝǑǏǓ ǜǒǗǒǗǘǓǙǘǎǗǩǜǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝnjcnjǘǑǎǝǟǕǝǡǢǏǍǘnjǘǚǒǜ ǡǜǘǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǛcǒǑNjǘǓǖǏǜǚNJǟnjcǘǜǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƼNJǖ ǔǘ ǙǘǛǕǏ ǜǘǍǘ ǔNJǔ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ ǜǝǜ ǛǙNJǕǒǕǒ ǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǓ
ǎNJ ǒc ǜǘ ǗǏǡNJǛǜǘ njǛǏ ǐ ǜNJǔǒ ǎNJǕǏǔǘ  Ʋc ǛǜNJnjǩ ǛnjǘǓ ǎǚǝǍǘǓǘNjǤǏǔǜ ǘcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǗǒǐǏ ǗǘǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘǒǑ ǎǘǖǒǔnjǑǖǥnjNJǏǜnjcǗǏNjǘǝǐǏǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏ ǖǏǜNJǞǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǍǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǛǘNjǘǚ ǘǜǎNJǕǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǜǘǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJnjǢǒǓ 
ǎǘǖǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjcǙǘǕǏǗNJǜǚǘǙǒǗǔǏnjǏǎǝǣǏǓnjcǕǏǛ NjǥnjNJǗǒǏǒǑNjǘǓǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǜǩǐǏǛǜǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǟNJǚNJǔ ƹǘǎǗǩǜǥǓǗNJǎnjǝǟǗǘǍNJǟǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǝcǖǏǜǚǘnjǘǗǘǜǔǕǒ NJcǡǏǚǏǑǍǘǎƷǘǜǚƮNJǖǙǘǕǥǟǗǝǕǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝǛǜNJ
ǒcnjccǖǏǜǚNJǟǘǜǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǒǃǏǜǒǗǒǗNJǒcǎǝǖNJǜǦ ǜǏǚǗǥǖǜǚǏǗǎǘǖǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǟǕǏǜƸǜǚǒǠNJǗǒǏǜǏǔǜǘ ǔNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǜǏǖǝǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǩnƪǚǟǛǜǘǩǗǒǏ~cǍǘǎNJcǷ Ǖǘ ǙǘǗǩǜǗǘ ǡǜǘ njǛǏ ǡǜǘ ǜǝǜ ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜ ǒǖǏǏǜ njǘǕ
ǗǏ ǎǝǖNJǕNJ ǡǜǘ ǡǏǚǏǑ  ǕǏǜ ǧǜǘ ǖǏǛǜǘ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǜǛǩ ǗǒǔǒNjǘǚǦNjNJǛcǛǒǕǘǓǑǏǖǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǜǩǐǏǗǒǩcǷǛǨǐǏǜ nƭǚNJǗǒǠNJ~ ƹǘc ǖǗǏǗǒǨ ǃǏǜǒǗǒǗǘǓ ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩ ǢǏNjǗǝǨǛǒǕǝ

114 
16.
#    
 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ




  +,
   
    &
     


 
  6 !" #
(6

 )     

ɭ W  _
E -
<
  (E
B


+- @GII
ɭ

ƬǛnjǘǏǓǙǏǚnjǘǓǍNJǑǏǜǗǘǓǛǜNJǜǦǏ  ƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓƺǏnjǑǒǗ ǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǙǘǢǕNJnjǛǏǝcnjǛǏǟǛǜNJǕǘǟǘǚǘǢǘǗǘǒcǔǚǒǜǒ


ǝǜnjǏǚǐǎNJǕǡǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJcǷǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛǝǍǝNjǘǙǘǑǒ ǡǏǛǔǒǓǑNJǙNJǕǔNJǔǜǘnjǥnjǏǜǚǒǕǛǩ
ǜǒnjǗǘǏǒcǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǏNjǏnjǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǜǦnǔǚǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒ ƹǏǚnjǥǏǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~Ǜǘ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ~ƮNJǐǏǏǛǕǒǑǘǎǡǒǓǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǔǚǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǥǛ ǛǜǘǩǕǒǛǦNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǝƯǐǔǘnjǝǎNJǏǣǏǒcnjcǘǎ
ǕǩǣǒǖǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǘǖ ǡǜǘǚǏǎǔǘǗǘnjǛǏǐǏNjǥnjNJǏǜ ǜǘnjǛǏ ǗǘǖǖǏǛǜǏcǷǗNJǔǝǚǘǚǜǏnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǚNJǗǏǏǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǖ
ǚNJnjǗǘǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǔǜǘǑNJǟǘǡǏǜǑNJǙǕNJǜǒǜǦǑNJnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏ ǔNJǔǙNJǗǛǒǘǗNJǜnƴǕǩǑǦǖǒǗǛǔǘǏnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣǏ~LJǜǘ
ǏǍǘǗǏǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǓƷǏǎNJǚǘǖǛNJǖNJǩǔǚǒǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩNJǚ ǖǏǛǜǘcǷǗNJǢƴǏǕǖǛǔǘǜǜǒcƬNJǓǛǏǗǟǘǞǗNJǢǏƪNjǚNJǖǠǏ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǗǘǛǒǜǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǏǗNJǒ njǘǒcƬǘǚǙǛnjǏǎǏ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔnjǛǏǚNJǑǘǖcǷǑNJǗǏǒǖǏǗǒ
ǖǏǗǘnjNJǗǒǏcǷnNjǝǖNJǐǗNJǩ~ƲcǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǒǑ ǏǖǔǘǗǔǝǚǏǗǜǘnj ƲcǜǘǡǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔnjcǜǏǟǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǟ
nNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ǎǘǕǍǘǗǏǖǘǍǕǒnjǙǒǛNJǜǦǛǩnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǥǓ ǖǏǛǜNJǟǍǎǏnjǛǏǗNJǡǒǗNJǕǘǛǦǛcǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnǙǒǚǘǍǘnjǛǔǘǓ~
ǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǡǜǘƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǛcƽǜǔǒǗǥǖǡǜǘƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjǛcƫǏ ǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗǏǛǘǛǜǘǩǕǘǛǦNjǥ
ǕǘnjǥǖnjcǏǍǘǎǥǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǒ NJcLjǚǒǓƪnjnjNJǔǝ ǏǛǕǒNjǥǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǩǝǐǏǗǏNjǥǕNJǝǗNJnjǘǐǏǗNJǞǏǛǜǒnjNJ
ǖǘnjǒcǙǘǛǏǓǎǏǗǦǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcǡǏǖǙǏǚǏǣǏǍǘ ǕǏǖnƪǚǜƴǕǩǑǦǖNJ~ Ƕ ƪcǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǕǩǕǎNJǐǏƲnjNJǗNJƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjNJ ƹǘǜǘǖǙǚNJnjǎNJnjcǗǝǕǏnjǥǏ ǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǘǢǏǕǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦnƭǘǚǘǎǙǜǒǠ~ǎnjNJǎǏǛǩǜǔNJ

116 
 
JU#N "‡ .UVV* ;UVXUV‰ NU' R ;XXUN* #)"R‡' N)W "
R_) W")W*VW ;XXUN- RU ;UVU' !‡VXU UJw‡"*VW
_VU #)"RU* R* UR <!*wU;RUV‰ R ;XXUN*- <_VU RNU
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

JJŠ VU 'J')‰RU UV#UXUNV‰W UV UJX^x]~*#U 'X-


R_) w!UXU' ;U"‡a* <U.XRW*'‡' ;*X'*VXU' <J;;-
;UVU' '' NU'U' JUVUX‡ˆ NU)x*R !‡V‰ JJ w'UJ- ”b•
<NU' JUVUX‡* V' VUWV ;X")‰RU VUWV- ”b• UR R*<"X‡Š
V‡ "<w*')] ^<R. R*V T^RN'*RVU" UR "* VUWV R VUR*R‰Š
J. RUxJ.- SVU NU VJUˆ V*;*R "U;VRRU _VU Nx*
VXU#V*)‰RU< JU#N NU' !U)‰a* "*#U w!UVVW U<VU'
_VU!‡ R* Nˆ !U# R* ;U'WV‰ VX"^ JUVUXW ;UN R' XV*V-
J y dff–fgt \ @IQ ?>>H

ɮ
ǢNJǚǘnjNJǚǥ~ǔǝǚǛNJǗǜNJƼǚǘǞǒǖǘnjNJǒǑǞǒǕǦǖNJnƸǞǒ
ǠǏǚǥ~ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘǒcǞǘǚǖǥǎǘǖǒǔNJǘǜ
ǛǥǕNJǨǜǔcǖǍǘǎNJǖǙNJǚǩǣǒǖNjNJǕǔǘǗǡǒǔǘǖǘǗ
ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǜǚǒNjǝǗǝǛǔǘǕǘǡǏǗǗǝǨǔcǖǒǜǒǗǍǝǗǘ
ǏǛǜǦǜǝǜǒcǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJ
ǗǘǐǔǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǎǘǖǒǔnjǥǚnjNJǗǒǑǘNjǥǎǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ
ǒcǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǓǗǘǛǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘ
ǝǔǚǝǙǗǏǗǒcǒǑǡNJǛǜǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗnjcǠǏǕǘǏƹǘǩnjǕǩ
ǨǜǛǩǐǏǧǜǒǎǘǖǒǔǒǔǘǍǎNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJ
ǗNJǔǘǗǏǠnjǟǘǎǒǜnjcǖǘǎǝǒcǗNJǚǘǎǒǗǏNJcnjcǖǘǛǔǘnj
ɯ
ǛǔǒǟǗǘnjǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟǔǘǗǠNJƿƿcnjǏǔNJǔǚǒǜǒǔǒǎNJǐǏ ǙǘǗǩǜǒǩǖnǗǘnjǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ~ǝcǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘnjǛǏǎǘǕǐǗǘ ǗǏnǎǘǖǛcnjǒǎǘǖ~NJcnnjǒǎǛcǎǘǖǘǖ~ƹǕǘǣNJǎǦǔǝǟǗǒcǷ
ǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǨǜǙǚǒǖǏǜǥǗǏǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJƷǘ NjǥǜǦǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǒcǙǏǚnjNJǩǖNJǢǒǗNJǒcnjǜǘǚNJǩ ǒcǜǚǏǜǦǩ  ǚǏǔǘǚǎǗǥǏǙǘǕǜǘǚNJǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǟǖǏǜǚNJNJcnjǥǜǩǐǔNJǎNJǐǏ
njǛǏǧǜǒǑǎNJǗǒǩǙǘNjǘǕǦǢǏǓǡNJǛǜǒNjNJǗǔǒƲcǟǘǜǩ ǒcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǎǘǖǒcǎNJǡNJ ǒcnjǒǕǕNJnjcƲǛǙNJǗǒǒ ƷǒǔNJǔǘǍǘ ǗǏǙǘǖǏǛǜǒǕNJǛǦnjcǙǩǜǒǖǏǜǚǘnjǥǓǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǥ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘǘǗǒNjǥǕǒǎǚNJǓnjǏǚNJǖǒǗǘnjǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǙǚǒ ǑǎǘǚǘnjǘǍǘǛNJǖǘǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǒǩnǗǘnjǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ~ǏǣǏǗǏ ǛǔǘǡǒǕNJ ǑNJ ǙǚǏǎǏǕǥ ǎǘǖNJ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒnjǢǒǛǦ njc ǧǎNJǔǒǓ
ǕNJǍNJǜǦǔcǗǒǖǧǜǘǑnjǘǗǔǘǏǛǕǘnjǘNjǥǕǘǏǛǕǒǗǏǙǘǎ ǙǚǒǑǗNJǏǜcǷNJcǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǧǜǒǎǘǖǒǔǒnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǎǕǩǛǚǏǎ njǏǚǜǘǕǏǜǗǥǓǔǒǕǦ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǒcǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘnj njcǒǟǡǒǛǕǏNjǥǕǒǒcƼǘǜNJǗƴǝ ǜNJǛǘnjǔǘǓǜǘǝǐǜǘǡǗǘǗNJǜǩǐǔǘǓ ǗǏǍǘǔǕNJǛǛNJNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǕǩǗǏǍǘ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǘǐǔǒcǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǜǏǖ
ǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǒcǟǘǑǩǒǗnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ǖNJǛǜǏǚǒǕǒǛǔnjǘǚǏǡǗǒǔǒ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǛǔǒǏǐǏǎǘǖǒǔǒǏǓǛǘǘǜnjǏǜ ƮǚǝǍǘǓǔǝǕǦǜǜǘǓǧǙǘǟǒcǷǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦ ǡǜǘNjǥnjǥǛǘǔǘǛǒǎǏǜǦǒcǎNJǕǏǔǘǍǕǩǎǏǜǦǗǘǒcǒǑǛǘǘNj
ƲǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǏǚnjǘǏǛǕǘnjǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǏ ǛǜnjǝǨǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǠnjǏǜǘǖǒcǞǘǚǖǘǓǗǘǒcǡǜǘnjNJǐǗǏǏ ǗǘǛǜǦNJcǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷnǧǔǛǔǕǨǑǒnjǗǘǛǜǦ~ƯǖǝǔǚNJǛǗǥǏǎǘ ǚNJǐǏǗǒǓǛNjǏǚǏǡǦǙǘǡnjǝǙǘǎǎǘǖǘǖLJǜǘnjcǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜ
ǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǗNJǝǖǙǚǒnjǑǍǕǩǎǏǗNJnǔǚNJǛǗǥǏǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏ~ǔNJǔ ǚNJǑǖǏǚǘǖcǷNJcnjǛǩǔNJǩǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǗNJǡǒǗNJǩǛcƬǏǕǒǔǘǓ ǖǒǔǒǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǛǜǘǩǜǛcǗǏǖǏǗǦǢǏǓǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǛǜǦǨǒǟǜǚǒ ǜǘǐǏǑnjǝǡNJǕǘǙǚǘǜǏǛǜǘǖǛnjǘNjǘǎNJǙǚǒǢǏǎǢNJǩnjcƺǘǛ
njǛǏǛǔnjǘǚǏǡǗǒǔǒǘǗǒǘǜǘǚnjNJǗǥǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǚNJǑ ǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǘǓǗNJǙǚǩǖǝǨǛnjǩǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǝǨǗǏǛǙǚNJ ǒcǘǗǒǚǩǎǘǖƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǩǛǗǘǡǜǘǘǗǒǒcǎNJǕǦǢǏǖǘǍǝǜ ǛǒǨnjcǏǍǘǎǥǛǗǩǕNJǔNJǔǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦnjǛǏǘǍǚNJǗǒ
ǖǏǚNJǖǒǒcǙǕǨǛǖǒǗǝǛǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥƪcǝǐnjǟǘǎǗNJǩǕǏǛǏǗǔNJ njǏǎǕǒnjǘǛǜǦǛcǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǖǒǐǒǕǒǣNJnƶǒǚcǷǟǒǐǒǗNJǖ NjǥǜǦǕǏǍǔǘǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǝǏǖǥƪcǙǏǚnjǘǓǖǘǜǒnjNJǠǒǏǓnjǛǩǔǘǍǘ ǡǏǗǒǩcǷnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcǜNJǔǒǏǎǏǜǛǔǒǏǔNJǔnƹǘǍNJǑǘǗNJǖ
ǛǎǏǕNJǗNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǔNJǔǙǜǒǡǒǓǟnjǘǛǜƻǔnjǘǚǏǡǗǒǔǒǘǜǚNJ njǘǓǗNJcǷǎnjǘǚǠNJǖ~ƲcǟǘǜǩǒǎǏǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǒ ɮ B    nǗǘnjǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ~ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǔNJǔǚNJǑǐǏǕNJǗǒǏnjǥǚnjNJǜǦǛǩ ǗǏǟǘǎǒǜǦ~ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǛnjǘǓǙǏǚnjǥǓǙǚǒǏǑǎ
ǐNJǨǜnjǏǔǘnjǝǨǖǏǡǜǝǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǜNJcǷǝǎǒǚNJǜǦ ǔcǗNJǡNJǕǝ<<-cnjǏǔNJnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǝǜǚNJǡǒnjNJǨǜNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ < a  ǒǑǜǒǙǘnjǘǓǛǚǏǎǥǘNjǒǜNJǗǒǩƲcǟǘǜǩǖǏǚǛǏǎǏǛǥǝcnjǛǏǟ njcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~nƫǏǚǏǍNJnjcǑǘǕǏǒcNjǝǜǥǕǔNJǟNJcnjǏǛǦǕǏǛcǷ
ǔǝǎNJǗǒNjǝǎǦnjcǜǏǙǕǥǏǔǚNJǩǗNJǑǒǖǝǒcnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǜǦǛǩǗNJ ǗNJǚNJǛǜNJǏǜǗǘnjǘǏǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǏǚNJǛǛǕǘǏǗǒǏcǷǒcǚNJǑǖǏ ɯ   ~- ǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǘǢǏǛǜǒǛǘǜǥǏǙǘǖǥǛǕǒǜǦǛnjǘǓǎǘǖǜNJǔǒǖǐǏ ǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǜǝNJǕǏǜ~ƼǝǜǝcǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJ
ǚǘǎǒǗǝǛcnjǏǛǗǘǨǔNJǔǜNJǕNJǛǜǘǡǔNJƲcǙǏǚnjǥǓǝǎNJǚǔǝ ǚǥǐǒǕǒǣNJǛǗǘnjNJǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩnjNJǐǗǏǓǢǒǖǒǏǍǘǙǘǔNJ w
 R  ǔNJǔǎǘǖǛǘǛǏǎNJcǷǧǜǘǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǘnǗǏǙǘǙǘǗǩǜǒǩǖ~ ǚNJǑǗǘǍǕNJǛǒǓǗǏNjǥǕǘǘǗǒǎǚǝǐǗǘǚǏǢǒǕǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǡǜǘ
ǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǛǔǒǟǎǘǖǒǔǘnjcǷǧǜǘǔǚǒǜǒǔNJǖǏǛǜNJƪnjǜǘǚǔNJǔ ǑNJǜǏǕǩǖǒƴǚNJǛǗǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǨcǔnjcǖcǔNJǐǎǥǓ <' - @GII ƷǘǡǜǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǒǚǘnjNJ ǜǘǕǏǍǔǘǏǒcǎǏǢǏnjǘǏǒcnjǛǏǗNJǛnjNJǩǟƲcǟǘǜǩnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~
ǜǘǙǚǒǑǗNJǕǛǩǡǜǘnǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǛǚǏǎǗǏǓǙǘǕǘǛǥǟǘǚǘǢNJ ǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǔǘǍǎNJnǟǘǚǘǢNJǩ~ǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǘǜ ǕNJ ǧǜNJ ǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǘǛǜǦ njǔǝǙǏ Ǜc ǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǖǒ# ǁǜǘ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǝǐǏNjǥǕǒǎǘǖNJǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟ ǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǔǘǜǜǏǎǐƪǛǛNJ 
ǛnjǘǏǓǗǏNjǚǘǛǔǘǓǔǚNJǛǘǜǘǓǗǘnjcǗǏǓǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǏǜǩǚǔǒǟ cǔnjcǖNJcǎǘǖcǷǘǜ ǎNJǕǦǗǒǏǐǏǒǟǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǜǏ ǏǛǜǦǗǏǔNJǩnjǥǛǢNJǩǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǙǏǚǏǎǔǘǜǘǚǘǓnjǛǏǖNJǕǥ ǜNJǖǘǗǒNjǥǕǒǙǘǡǜǒǗǏnjǒǎǗǥǒcǝǐnjǘnjǛǩǔǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏ
ǙǩǜǏǗ~ƼNJǔǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǔǚNJǛǗǥǓǠnjǏǜ ǚǩǨǜǛǩnjcǑNJǘNjǕNJǡǗǘǓǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǏ ƼǝǜǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǘǐǗǘ ǒcǚNJnjǗǥƲcǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǧǜNJcǷǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǒcǧǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǚNJǎǒ ǗǏǑnjǝǡNJǕǒǜNJǔǒǖǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǘǖǔNJǔǑǎǏǛǦƼNJǔǡǜǘǗǏǎNJ
ƷǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǘǗNJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǝǏǜǛǩnjcǙǏǚ NjǥǕǘNjǥnjǘǑǚNJǑǒǜǦǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ njǒǎǘnjǗNJǗǏǏǎǘǖǒǔǒǛǜǘǕǦǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǒcǙǘǎǗǩǜǥǗNJ ǚǘǖnjccǍǘǎǝƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǛcƯǐǔǘnjǥǖǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǒǑNJǧǜǒ
njǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǛcǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǏǓǎNJǐǏǛǕǘnjNJǧǜǒǜǩǗǝǜǑNJ ǘǗǖǘǐǏǜǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǛǏNjǏNjǥǜǦǛǔǘǕǦǝǍǘǎǗǘǔǚǘǢǏǡ ǗǘǐǔǒǁǏǜnjǏǚǜǦǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǎǘǖNJcǷNjNJǕǔǘǗNJcnjǥǟǘǎǩ ǎǘǖǒǔǒǏnjǚǘǙǚǏǖǒǨ(IHEPS1MRSWWIǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǚǝǡNJǏǜǛǩ
ǛǘNjǘǓ ǘǎǗǘ ǎǚǝǍǘǏ ǔNJǔ nǔǚNJǛǗǥǏ ǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǥǏ ǗǥǖƸǎǗNJǔǘǜNJǔNJǩǑǎǚNJnjNJǩǏnjǚǘǕǘǍǒǔNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǜ ǣǒǓǗNJǗǏǍǘǞNJǛNJǎǛǙǕǘǢǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗƼǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǎNJǐǏ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǗǎǏǖǝǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJ

118 
17.
K ɭ J 

' 
 - ;
 
X <"
 

 
"<RV*X‰*X* ;UW")W*VW J"UwRUˆ ;XU'*RN-
;U;NW "<R*#U U!VV*)‰ UJw‡"*VW R #XŠ
B <;
$- @G?M



 
    R`* N"^. X*N< VU ) "U "R^VX*RR*' VU ) "U
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 "R*aR*' ;XUVXRV"*- ;XXUN ;XU_"Š
*VW ]N R* VU)‰JU "<"N* x"‡. JXVR "<U!Š
     

 

X')*R "‡UJ. ;XU*'U" RU <<;U'U~‰]
  6' !" # R*;X*X‡"RUˆ !)#UNXW '*XNUR)‰RU'^ RŠ
(6 ;X")*R] ;XU'*RN "*VUV*R*"Uˆ #X‡ R

 
 3  ɭ ;U"*X.RUVW. X^!)*R‡. V*RF w;XUJR*a‰ #UŠ
)U"^< <"<UV*J)*R JXU") '*)‰JR^V "*X.^aŠ
J U*R U;^Va‰ #)w< <"<;XUNU)x*R
^)_RU#U )^_ "UwRJR*V #)N‰ ;X^N <UVXŠ
x*R*' V*. x* JXUR- (;  X 
+ \ II ?>>M

ǒcǛcǜǚǏǜǦǏǓǛǜǒǟǒǏǓƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏ
ǧǜǒǟnǙǘǚǜǘnj~ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǘǘǎǗǒǖǕǒǟǒǖǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǖ
NjǚǏnjǗNJǘNjǏǒǟNjǘǔǘnjǥǟǛǜǏǗnjǥǕǏǜNJǨǜǑNJǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦ
ǞNJǛNJǎNJǗNJǎnjNJǖǏǜǚNJƻǖǩǍǡNJǩǜNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǙǏ
ǚǏǟǘǎǖǏǐǎǝǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǖǒcnǝǕǒǠǏǓ~NJcǞNJǛNJǎǙǚǏ
njǚNJǣNJǩnjcǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǝǨǗǘǝǨǜǗǝǨǕǘǎǐǒǨǔNJǔǒǟ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǏǣǏǗǏǑǗNJǕNJ
LJǜǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏnǕǏǜǩǣǏǍǘ~NjǚǏnjǗNJǙǘ
ǗǏǜǏǖǞNJǛNJǎǘǖ~cǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƫNJNjNJǩǍNJnjcǞǒǕǦǖǏnƶǘǚǘǑ ǜǩǗǝǕǘǑNJǛǘNjǘǓǙǕNJǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǏǛǦnjǥǛǜǚǘǏǗǗNJǛǎnjǒǍǏ
ǔǘ~cǍǘǎNJ ǗǘǡǏǜǔǘǏǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǗNJǙNJǚNJǎǗǝǨǒcǎnjǘ ƮnjǏǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔǒǎǘǖNJǛǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǚǝǍǎǚǝ
ǚǘnjǝǨǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǛǘNjǕǨǎNJǕǛǜǚǘǍǘƯǛǜǦǒcǎǚǝǍNJǩnjǏǚǛǒǩ ǍNJǒcǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǔNJǜNJǖNJǚNJǗǗNJǘNjǖǏǕǏnjǢǏǖǘǑǏ
ǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǒǩǍǏǚǘǩǔcǒǑNjǝǢǔǏnƴcǕǏǛǝǎnjǘǚǠǘǖǔǘǖǗǏ ǚǏƷǘǎǏǕǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏnjcǘNjǚNJǑǏǑNJǛǡǏǜǧǜǒǟǛǎnjǒǐǏǔ
ǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǖ~ƸǗNJǙǚǘǍǘnjNJǚǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǘcǍǕǝNjǒǗǗǘǖǚǘǎǛǜnjǏ ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǜǦǝǔǚǘǖǗǥǏ
nǎnjǘǚǠNJ~ǒcnǎnjǘǚNJ~NJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǏǜǡǜǘ ǝǍǘǕǔǒǒcǑNJǔǝǜǔǒcǷǙǚǒǡǏǖǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǞNJ
njǟǘǎnjcǒǑNjǝǚǏǎǔǘNjǥnjNJǕǛǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǜǘǍǘǛNJǖǘǍǘǍǕNJnjǗǘ ǛNJǎǏǗǘǒcǗNJǑNJǎǗǏǖǔǝǎNJnjǥǟǘǎǩǜǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǒcǔǝǟǗǩ ǗNJ
ǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǡNJǣǏcǷǛNjǘǔǝƭǕNJnjǗǥǓǐǏǞNJǛNJǎǒǖǏǕǙǚǏ ǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǐǏ ǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩnjNJǗǗNJǩǛcǎǐNJǔǝǑǒǒcǍǘǛǜǏnjNJǩ
ǐǎǏnjǛǏǍǘǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǜǒnjǗǝǨǞǝǗǔǠǒǨǘcǡǏǖǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǜǘǜ ǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǛcNjNJǕǔǘǗǘǖƹǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗ
ǞNJǔǜǡǜǘǚǏǑǦNjǘǓǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǝǔǚNJǢNJǕǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǗ ǗNJNjǘǕǏǏǙNJǚNJǎǗǝǨǡNJǛǜǦǛcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǘǎǘǕ
Ʒǘǔc<<-cnjǏǔǝnjǛǏǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǘǛǦǑNJǍǘ ǐNJǏǜǛǩǙNJǕǝNjǘǓ ǒcǖǏǗǏǏǙNJǚNJǎǗǝǨcǷǛǘǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǔǘ
ǚǘǎǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǝǐǏǗǏnjǥǟǘǎǩǜǗNJǔǚNJǛǗǝǨǕǒǗǒǨǝǕǒ ǜǘǚNJǩnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǗNJǖNJǕǝǨǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ
ǠǥNJcǏǛǕǒǒcnjǥǟǘǎǩǜǜǘǙǚǏǎǙǘǡǒǜNJǨǜǙǘnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǜǦǛǩ ƵǘǎǐǒǩǙǘǖǘǛǜǘǖǙǕNJnjǗǘǕǏǜǒǜǔcǙǚǝ
ǔcǗǏǓnǑNJǎǘǖ~cǷǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǍǕǝǟǘǓǒcǚǏǎǔǘǎǏǔǘǚǒǚǘ ǎǝǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦnjcǙNJǕǝNjǝǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǛcǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦǨǚNJǑ
ƹǏǚnjǥǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJǛǜNJǕǎǘǖƪǗǜǘ njNJǗǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǘǓƴǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǜǒnjǗNJǩǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǛnjǘǎǒǜǛǩ ǖǏǣNJǏǜǛǩǍǘǛǜǏǓǑNJǎǕǒǗǗǥǖǛǜǘǕǘǖƪcǙǚǝǎnǑNJǜǏ
ǗNJƼNJNjNJǔǘnjNJcǷǗǏǜNJǔǘǍǘnjǏǕǒǔǘǍǘǔNJǔǘǜǏǠNJǔǜǏǚNJǗǘ ǔcǖǒǗǒǖǝǖǝǘǗNJǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǒcǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǏǚǏǎNJǏǜǛǩǞNJ ǔNJǏǜ~njcǎǘǖǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖǙNJǛǛNJǐǏǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǒcǎǏǕǒǜǎǘǖ
ǑNJǜǘǝǎNJǡǕǒnjǘǍǘǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǜǘǚNJcǷǗNJƷǒǔǘǕǒǗǘǓƭǘǚǏǛǚǏ ǛNJǎǝǎnjǘǚǘnjǘǖǝƷǘǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǘǗǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǎnjǘǚǘnjǥǓ ǗNJǎnjǏǡNJǛǜǒǒcǛǘNjǒǚNJǏǜǏǍǘnjǘǔǚǝǍǛǏNjǩƮǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ
ǎǒǜNJǔǒǟǐǏnǎnjǘǚǩǗǛǔǒǟǍǗǏǑǎ~ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǘǓ ǝǔǚNJǢNJǨǜǏǍǘǚǏǎǔǘǑǎǏǛǦǝǐǏnjǥǙǏǗǎǚǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǗǏǙǏ ǒǑNjǥǛcǏǏǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǖǒǘǔǗNJǖǒǜNJǔǘǓǙNJǛǛNJǐcǷǔNJǔǜǘǜ
ǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǠǒǒƼǘǍǎNJǢǗǩǩǐǏǗNJƼNJNjNJǔǘnjNJƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩ ǚǏǎǔǏǖƭǕNJnjǗǘǓǐǏǏǍǘǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǏǓǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǒǎǏǩ nǖǘǛǜNJǗǐǏǗǏǚǗǘǓǛǒǛǜǏǖǥǘǜǛnjǘǏǍǘǔǚǥǕǦǠNJǎǘǗNJ
ǁǝǟǚNJǓǜǘǐǏNjǥǕNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǡǔǘǓǒcnjǗǝǡǔǘǓǑǗNJǖǏǗǒ nǘǜǔǚǥǜǦǛǩ~cǷnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝnjcǗǏNjǘnjcǎNJǕǒǛnjǩǑNJǜǦǎǘǖ ǢǏǍǘǎnjǘǚǠNJ~ǒǑǖǝǕǦǜǞǒǕǦǖNJnƬǘǕǢǏNjǗǘǏǔǘǕǦǠǘ~
ǜǥǟǔǒǗǘǚǏǐǒǛǛǏǚǘnjǗǘǒcǝǛǙǏǢǗǘǓǜǏǕǏǐǝǚǗNJǕǒǛǜǔǘǓ ǒcǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦnnjǒǎǥ~ ǏǐǏǕǒǘǗǒǗNJǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǝ  ƬcǖǘǖǏǗǜǛnjǘǏǍǘǙǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǩǖǝǕǦǜǒǔƵǏǘǗǒǎNJ
ƶǏǛǜǘǒcǗNJǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒǕǒǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏ Ǩǜ ǒǕǒǟǘǜǩNjǥnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǒǍǕǩǎǥnjNJǜǦǑNJǎǏǜǦǖǒ ƷǘǛǥǚǏnjNJǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǏǗǗǘǓǎǚǏnj
ǡǏǚǜǥ ǎǏǚǏnjǘnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǒcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǥ ƻǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǧǜǒǞNJǛNJǎǥǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǩǨǜǛǩǒcǑNJ ǗǘǛǜǦǨǗǘnjcǘǛǗǘnjǏǛǠǏǗNJǚǒǩLjǚǒǩƴǘnjNJǕǩǕǏǐNJǕNJ
ǢNJ NJcǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐǗǘǛǜǦǟǘǑǩǏnj ǚǏ ǗǒǖǒǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǙǘǖǘǚǛǔNJǩǛǔNJǑǔNJǙǏǚǏǛǔNJǑNJǗǗNJǩƫǘǚǒǛǘǖǂǏǚǍǒǗǥǖ
ǛǜǘǚNJǜǘǚǒcǜǏǕǏǐǝǚǗNJǕǒǛǜ ǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǏǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǝǨ ƬǛǏǧǜǘǏǛǜǦǒcnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏǗǘƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnj ǏǣǏnjcǏcǍǘǎǥƼNJǔǒcǑǎǏǛǦǑNJǩǚǔǒǖǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǘǡǗǥǖ
ǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǝǨƴǘǜǘǚNJǩǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩnjcǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǚNJ ǒǎǏǜǏǣǏǎNJǕǦǢǏǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǧǜǘǜǞNJǛNJǎnjcǙǘǚǜNJǕǔǘǜǘ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǖǎǘǖNJ ǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǘǛǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǏǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥǛcǚNJǛ
ǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǙǏǚǏǛǖǘǜǚǏǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǓǘcǞNJǛNJǎǏǎǘǖNJ ǚǥǓǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛNJǖǥǏǚNJǑǗǥǏnjǒǎǥnjǑNJǒǖǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǩ ǛǏǔNJǨǣǒǖǒǟnjǘǑǎǝǢǗǥǖǙǚǘǟǘǎǘǖ ǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǗǏ
ǘcǜǘǖǔǝǎNJǘǗǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǒcǒǑǡǏǍǘǛǘǛǜǘǒǜ ǎǘǖNJǒcǝǡNJǛǜǔNJƱǎǏǛǦǔNJǔǖǒǗǒǖǝǖǡǏǜǥǚǏǜǒǙNJnnjǟǘǎNJ~ ǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǗNJƬǛǏǖǒǚǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏ
ƴǘǍǎNJƲnjNJǗǠNJǚǏnjǒǡnjǏǕǒǜǒǑNjǝǢǔǏǚNJǑ ƽǨǜǗǥǓNjNJǕǔǘǗǡǒǔǙǘǎǛnjǏǛǘǖǔǚǘnjǕǒcǷǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǏǗǘ njcƹNJǚǒǐǏcǍǘǎNJǡǦǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏNjǥǕǘǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǗǘ
njǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩnǔǘǖǗǏǙǏǚǏǎǘǖ~ǘǗǒǖǏǏǜnjcnjǒǎǝǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗ ǙǘǎǙǚǒǔǚǥǜǒǏǖƯǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǝǨǜǗNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǙǘǎǗǒǖcǷ ǜǘǓǐǏǒǗǜǏǗǠǒǏǓnƶǥǘǜǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǘǜǑNJǖǔǗǝǜǥǟǙǚǘ
ǗǝǨǖǘǎǏǕǦǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǝcǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǏǛǜǦǞNJǛNJǎ ǝǐǏǗNJǑǏǖǕǏƹǘǎǎǚǝǍǒǖǛnjǏǛǘǖcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛcnjǥǛǘǔǒǖ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJnjǢǒǟǗNJǖǎnjǘǚǠǘnjǥǏNJǗǞǒǕNJǎǥǘǜ
ǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǥǓǔcǝǕǒǠǏƻǕǘnjNJǜNJǔǘǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗ nǙǘǜǘǕǔǘǖ~ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗNJǎǏǐǗǘǙǚǒǔǚǥǜNJǩǛNjǘǔǝnjǥ ǖNJǛǛǒnjNJǛǜǏǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǑNJǖǥǔNJǨǜnjcǛǏNjǏǝǑǔǒǓǖǒǚǎnjǘǚ
ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏǑǗNJǕǘǗǘǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǙǘǑǎǗǏǓǢǒǟ ǛǜǝǙǘǖǛǜǏǗǥƲcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǚǘǛǔǘǢǗNJǩnǙNJǕǝNjNJ~ǙǏǚǏǜǏ ǠǘnjǘǓǐǒǑǗǒcǷǙǘǩǛǗǩǕǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǚƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƶǏǕǦ
njǏǚǛǒǩǟǛǔNJǑǔǒ nƻǜǘǩǕNJǛǏNjǏǑNJǎǘǖǜNJǔǏǖǝnjǒǎǒǜǏǕǒ ǔNJǨǣNJǩǒǑǎǘǖNJnjcǙǚǝǎǜǘǏǛǜǦǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǠǒǚǝǨǣNJǩǏǣǏ ǗǒǔǘnjcǷǛǜǚǏǖǒǕǒǛǦǛnjǩǑNJǜǦǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǛcǧǔǛǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǖ~

120 
18.
 
 

' W<x"^ "<VXUˆ N_* JUVUX^] ;UVXU)
*~* 'Uˆ N*N <*) !‡ <V) N)W *!W _VUŠ



  +, VU VXUV‰ VU R* N*)) !‡ R_*#U )UxRU#U
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 
 JUX** ')*R‰Jˆ N*X*"WRR‡ˆ JXJR‡ˆ NU'J- '*RRU
JXJR‡ˆ ;UVU'^ _VU X^! "<U"X*'*RRUˆ RV*X;X*VŠ

  &
` 'R* R*;URWV*R- SVU "*~‰ ' ;U *!* RVU)‰JU SVŠ
   ) R_*J NU")*]~W wRJU"W V*RU ;X"WwRRW J<JURŠ

 
 JX*VRUˆ V;U)U# _VU UV R** ^x* RJ^N R* N*R*a‰W-

  0 !" # ;USVU'^ U X^!U' '*V‰ N*)U W<R* 'U#^- W<U~^~] *!W
R)*NRJU' JUX** *"XU;*ˆJUˆ J^)‰V^X‡ <JXU'* VU#U
(6
VX]‰ ;X*!‡"V‰ "<U"X*'*RRUV-

 )  

ɭ 
 B -
@GI>P

ɮ   ! 
-
N 
 E- ?>>I
ɭ

ɮ
ƹǘNjǏǎǗǘǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǏǗǘnjǥǟǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnj ǛǜNJǕǦǐǏǕǏ ǡǜǘǍǘǎǘǖǚNJǗǦǢǏǜNJǖǐǏǒcǜǘǜǐǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕ ǘǔǚǝǍǕǘǛǜǒǒcǖǩǍǔǘǛǜǒǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǕǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘNjǚǏnjǗNJ
ǑǘNjǏǜǘǗ ǒcǘǜǔǚǥnjǢǒǏǛǩNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǒǖnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒ ǎǚǝǍǘǓǎǘǖǛcǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǛnjǘǎǘǖƸǗNjǥǕǙǘǟǘǐ LJǙǘǟNJǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǛcǏǏǔǝǕǦǜǘǖǙǕNJnjǗǘǓǕǒǗǒǒǙǚǒnjǗǏǛ
ǚNJǑǎnjǒǍNJǜǦǑǎNJǗǒǩnjnjǥǛǦǒcnjǢǒǚǦ ǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥǙǏǚǏ ǗǏǜǘǗNJǙǏǚǏnjǏǚǗǝǜǝǨǕǘǎǔǝǗǏǜǘǗNJNjǘǡǔǝǝǢǏǎǢǝǨ ǕNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǙǘǕǝnjNJǕǦǖǘnjǥǏǔǚǘnjǕǒ
ǔǚǥǜǒǩNjǘǕǦǢǒǟǙǚǘǕǏǜǘnj ǗNJǖǗǘǍǘǕǏǜǑNJǜǖǒǕǒǔǕǏ njcǑǏǖǕǨƭǕNJnjǗǘǓǐǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǏǓNjǥǕǘǛcǘǎ ǗǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǧǜNJǙǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǩǗǏnjǑǕǨNjǒǕ
ǏǗǝǨǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǝ ƴƮƴ ƿǘǜǩǛcǜǏǟǙǘǚǔNJǔnjccǍǘǎǝ ǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǘǜǍǘǚǘǎǒǜǦǛǩǘǜǛǘǛǏǎǏǓ ǎǘǖǒǔǒǩǟǜǛǖǏ ǘnjNJǕƴǚǝǍǕǒǕǒǛǦǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǙǏǚǏǎǏǕǔǒǗǛǔǒǟ
ǗǏǖǏǠƸǜǜǘƭǏǜǠǏǚǛǔǕǏǒǕǔNJǑǏǒǗǘnjǥǖǔǕǏǏǖǎnjǏǎǘ ǗǘnjǛǜǘǩǜǗNJƱNJnjǒǎǔǒǗǘǖǖǥǛǝǙǕǘǜǗǥǖǛǜǚǘǏǖǛcǒǗ ǎNJǡƪcǜǝǜcǷNjǝǔnjNJǕǦǗǘnǘǎǗǒǖǚǘǛǡǏǚǔǘǖǔǚǥǢǒ~cǷ
ǛǔǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǒǑƴƮƴǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǛǏǖǒǖǒǕǦǗǥ ǜǏǚnjNJǕǘǖnjcǶǢNJǍNJ NJcǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜǦǛǩ njǏǛǦǎǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǧǎNJǔǒǖNJǙǙǏǜǒǜǗǥǖǍǚǒNjǔǘǖ
ǖǒǢNJǍNJǖǒcǷnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcnjcƻƻƻƺƹǏǚnjǥǖǒǩǚǔǒǖǒ ǔcnjǘǎǏǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖnjǏǎǦnǜNJǖnjǘǔǚǝǍǜNJǔNJǩ ƪǘǗǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǔNJǔǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓ
ǝǎNJǡNJǖǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǥƻǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓ ǜǒǢǒǗNJǡǜǘnjǘnjǏǔǗǏǛǗǒǕNJǛǦǗNJǖ~ ǔNJǔǙǘǏǜǟǘǑǩǒǗ ǍǚǒNjǙǚǒǙǚǩǜNJǗnjcǍǝǛǜǘǖǕǏǛǝcǷǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚ
njǥǛǜNJnjǔǒcǍǘǎNJǑNJǜǏǖǘǎǒǗǒǑǒǟNJnjǜǘǚǘnjƭǏǗǚǒǟ ǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ƸNjǢǒǜNjǥǕǜǘǜǎǘǖǒǔǒcnjǗǝǜǚǒǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǎǏǕNJǜǦǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǖǒcǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjNjǥǕǘ
ƴNJǚǕǛǏǗǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǕNJNjǘǚNJǜǘǚǒǨǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜ ǛǘǛǗǘnjǘǓǚǏǓǔǘǓǗǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǘǖǙǘǛǕǝǐǒǕnjǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǛnjǏǜǕǘǒcǡǜǘNjǥǕǨNjǘnjNJǜǦǛǩǕǏǛǘǖƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǎNJǏǜǧǜǝ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǛnjǘǎǥǘNjǘǕǘǡǔǒNJcnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJǎǑǎNJǗǒ ǎNJǔǘǚǘnjǗǒǔǒƲcǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǔǘǗǠǏǟǍǘǎǘnj ǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔNJǚǔNJǛ ǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǝǨnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǒǖǏǗǗǘǔǚǥǢNJǒǑǔǕǏǏǗǘǓ
ǏǖǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǑNJnjǘǎNJnƹǘǕǒǍǚNJǞ~njǘǑnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǙǏǚnjǥǓ ǜǏǖNJnjǘǑǚǘǐǎNJǏǜǛǩcǷǒcǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǗNJǛǜǘǩ ƹǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǩǍǗǝǜǦǜǝǐǏǔǚǒnjǝǨǕǒǗǒǨ ǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥǘǙǒǚNJǨǣNJǩǛǩǗNJǔNJǚǔNJǛǘǗNJǗǏǎǘǙǝǛǜǒǜ
ǎnjǘǓǗǘǓǍǗǝǜǥǓǛnjǘǎǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǨǣǒǓnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏǒǎǏǒǂǝ ǣǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǝǐǏǝǡǏǗǒǔǝ njcǛnjǘǏǖǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǏǖǎǘǖǏƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǚǒǛǔǗǝǕǙǚǒǖǏǗǒǜǦ ǝǛNJǎǔǒǒcǗǏǙǘǜǏǚǩǏǜǗǏǛǝǣǏǓǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǘǛǜǒƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦ
ǟǘnjNJǘcnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒnjǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǩnjcǘNjǣǝǨǚNJNjǘǜǝǔǘǗ ƴNJǚǕǛǏǗNJcǷƻǜNJǗǒǛǕNJnjǝƼǝǚǔǘnjǛǔǘǖǝƯǍǘ ƴƮƴnƺǒǛǔǗǝǕ~cǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǙNJǛǏǗǒǩǙǘǙǘnjǘǎǝǒǑNjǥ ǜNJǜǏǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǏǜnjcǎǘǖǎǘǛǏǕǏǗǏnjǒǎNJǗǗǥǖǘNj
ǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒnjǜǘǚǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǩƱNJǜǏǖ ǕNJNjǘǚNJǜǘǚǒǩnjcǀƷƲƲƻƴǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜǙǘǚNJ ǜǘǡǗǘǓǖNJǛǛǒnjǗǘǛǜǒǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓNjǥǕǒǗǘnjǥNjǚNJǗǗNJǩ ǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǖǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒǕǒnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǗǏ
ƴNJǚǕǛǏǗǙNJǜǏǗǜǝǏǜǛǒǛǜǏǖǝǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǨǣǝǨǙǏǚǏǔǚǥ ǐNJǨǣǒǏǚNJǑǖNJǟǘǖǒcǧǕǏǍNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǦǨǘNjǤǏǔ ǞǘǚǖNJ ǝǐǏǗǏǙǘǕǝǠǒǕǒǗǎǚNJcǕǒǢǦǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗNJǩǔǚǥǢNJ  ǙǚǘǛǜǘǡǏǚǏǑNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǘǔǗNJNJcǡǏǚǏǑNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǙǚǘǗǒ
njNJǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǛnjǘǎǘǖǘNjǘǕǘǡǔǘǓǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǎǘ ǜǥcǷǛǙǘǚǜǑNJǕǥǒcǜǘǚǍǘnjǥǏǠǏǗǜǚǥǖǘǛǜǥǒcǙǏǚǍǘǕǥ ǒǟǘǙǚǘnjǏǚǍǕNJƱǎǏǛǦǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǛǜNJǕǟǘǕǖcǷǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝ ǠNJǏǖǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǘǗNJǐǏǔǝǟǗǩǘǗNJǐǏǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ 
cǖNJcǙǏǚnjǝǨǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨǙǘǧǜǘǓǛǒǛǜǏǖǏǛǜǚǘ NjNJǛǛǏǓǗǥǒcNJǔnjNJǙNJǚǔǒ ǔǕǏǏǗNJǩǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘ ǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩǎǘǖǝǐǏǗǏǗNJNjǏǚǏǍǝNJcnjcǕǏǛǝƹǘǙǚǘǏǔ ƽcǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǘǔǗNJǜǘǐǏnjǏǕǒǔǒǗǘǘǗNJnjǛǏǐǏǙǚǒǔǚǥǜNJ
ǩǜnjccǍǘǎǝcǷǗNJǎǛǜǏǔǘǕǦǗǘǓǙǏǡǦǨǛǜǏǔǕǘǑNJnjǘǎNJ ǟǘǚǘǢǘǛǏNjǩnjǏǎǏǜnjcNJǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǘǓǛǚǏǎǏ  ǜǝǔǚǥǢNJǎǘǖNJǎǘǕǐǗNJNjǥǕNJNjǥǜǦǏǣǏǒcǑNJǛNJǐǏǗNJǜǚNJ ǛǜǏǗNJǖǒǒcǡǏǜǔǘǘǜǎǏǕǏǗNJǘǜǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǟǘǑNjǕǘǔǘǖǍǎǏ
njcƭǘǚǦǔǘǖƬccǍǘǎǝnjcƲnjNJǗǘnjǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩǠǒǚǔǡǏǓ ƷǘǧǜǘnjǛǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ njǘǓcǷǡǜǘǒǖǏǕǘNjǥǘǛǘNjǘǘǛǜǚǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘ ǜNJǖNjǝǚnjNJǗǗNJǩǜǝNJǕǏǜǍNJǚǎǏǚǘNjǗNJǩƹǕNJǗǎǘǖNJǙǘ
ǙǘǕǝǛǞǏǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔǝǙǘǕǎǒNJǖǏǜǚǘǖcǖcǘNjǚNJǑǘnjǥnjNJǕNJ ǡǜǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǎǘǛǜǘǒǗǛǜnjNJƴƮƴcǷnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦ ǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǎǘǖNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǙǕǘǢǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗƹǚNJnjǎNJ ǛnjǘǏǖǝǒǑǥǛǔNJǗǧǜǘǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǙǘǚǝNjǕǏǗǗǥǓǗNJ
NJǚǘǡǗǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǙǘ ǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǒcǗǏǜǏǚǩǜǦǗǏǛǝǣǏǓ nǟǘǕǖǛǘǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖǠǘǔǘǕǏǖ~ǜNJǔǒcǗǏǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǒǕǛǩ ǚNJnjǗǥǟǡNJǛǜǏǓnjcǙǏǚnjǘǓǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǎNJǕǦ
ǕǝNJǚǘǔ ǑǎNJǗǒǏǛǗǏǛǏǗǘnjccǍǘǎǝ ƬcƶǘǛǔnjǏǛNJǖǥǖ ǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǘǛǜǒnjcǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǏǛcǟǒǖǒǏǓƸǎǗNJǔǘǐǏǝcƴƮƴ ǗǘǑNJǜǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǙǏǚnjǥǓnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ ǢǏcǷǟǘǑNjǕǘǔǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǏǎnjǏǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǒcǛǕǝǐNJǜ
ǩǚǔǒǖǙǚǒǖǏǚǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǒǑ ǏǛǜǦǒcǎǚǝǍǘǓǚǏǛǝǚǛcǷǔǚNJǛǘǜNJƲǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǧǜǒǖǏǏ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖǛcǜNJǔǒǖǙǕNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǘǣǗǥǖ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓNJcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǩǩcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ
ǎǏǚǏnjNJǛǜNJǕƪǚNjNJǜǛǔǒǓǚǥǗǘǔ ǛǍǘǚǏǕnjccǍǘǎǝ Ʒǘ ǙǚǒǖǏǗǒǕǒǑǎǏǛǦ ǙǏǚnjǥǓǚNJǑnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ cǷǏǛǜǏ NJNjǚǒǛǘǖƴǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥǒǖǏǕǒǚNJǗǦǢǏǕǒǢǦ ƬǒǜǘǍǏǖǥǒǖǏǏǖǚǏǎǔǝǨǎǕǩǎǏǚǏ
ƿǚǝǣǫnjǔǝǚǛǛǗǘnjNJǛǖǏǗǒǕǙǚǘǔǕǏǏǗǝǨǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǝ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǍǎǏǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǏǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǥǗǏ ǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǥǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ ǎNJǒcǜǘǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜNJǚǗǘcǷǔNJǔǕǝ njǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǔǝǜǩǐǏǕNJǩǗǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǗNJǩ
ǗNJǎǘǕǍǘǑNJNjǥǕǒnjcǏǒǑǗǏǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǕǒǢǦǛǔǕNJǎǥ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǨNjǩǜǗǘǒcǖǘǍǝǜǛǏNjǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦƲǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘ ǔǘnjǔǒǍǕNJnjǘǔǒǕǒNjǘǡǔǒǗNJǎNJǕǜNJǚǩǖǒ ǒǑNjǏǐǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏ ǔǚǥǢNJǗNJǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǟǎǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǟǛǜǏǗNJǟ

122 
19.
  
"<RVV^V* "*. R U!^_) JURV*JV^Š
)‰RU'^ ;UN.UN^ J<X.V*JV^X*- 'R* JŠ



 x*VW #UXwNU "xR** X*#UR)‰R‡ˆ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     *) VJ 'UxRU "‡XwV‰W ;UN.UNF ;UR'R* VU#U
JJUˆ NU)xR !‡V‰ X.V*JV^X '*RRU wN*‰ ^<R
/ 
"<)^ Ra. VXN`ˆ ;XXUNR‡. <J)'V_*J.
  
 7 ^)U"ˆ UU!*RRUV*ˆ U"*~*RW- TJV^X !*VUŠ
  (% !" # R "*)JU)*;RU X!UV*V ;UN R*!U' W;UR ) ]#

(6 TXR` RU ;*X*R**RRW ]N V*XW*V "WJ^] ;XŠ


")*JV*)‰RUV‰- V*J)U J'*R‰ <N*X*"U< "UV VX

 
 3 
'V*X) JUVUX‡* wN*‰ ^'*VR‡- w R. N*X*"U<
"<)^ "U. "Uw'UxRUV*ˆ <;URWVRUˆ `*R‡< Š
'‡ˆ N*J"VR‡ˆ- URU JX"U VX**V URU ;UVXW]Š
~* 'UVXVW '*RRU "<*"*XRU' X*WRRU' "*V*
URU )U"RU UwNRU N)W Ra. aXUV-

ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƮǖǒǜǚǒǓƮǘǕǍǘǓǒǑnjǏǛǜǏǗǔNJǔǖNJǛǜǏǚ
NjǘǕǦǢǒǟǒcǘǡǏǗǦǎǘǚǘǍǒǟǎǘǖǘnjnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǘ
NJǔǜǒnjǗǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǛǩcǷǗǘnjcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǔNJǔǘǜǎǏ
ǕǘǡǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕƱNJǧǜǒǖǙǘǎǟǘǎǘǖǏǛǜǦnjǗǩǜǗNJǩ
ǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙNJǚNJǎǘǔ
ǛNJǕǦǗNJǩǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǩnƶǥǗǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǖǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ
ǔNJǔǛcǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǥǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖǘǗǘǎǕǩǧǜǘǍǘ
ǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǐǒnjǘǏǁǜǘNjǥǚNJǛǛǡǒǜNJǜǦǝǛNJǎǔǝǗǝǐ
ǗǘǜǘǡǗǘǑǗNJǜǦǔǘǍǎNJǛǜnjǘǕNjǥǕǛǚǝNjǕǏǗǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ ɭ ɮ
ƮǘǕǍǘǓǗǒǡǏǖǧǜǝǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǛnjǘNjǘǎǝǗǏǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǒnjNJǏǜ
njǚǏǖǏǗǒǒcnjcǔNJǔǒǟǝǛǕǘnjǒǩǟǘǗǙǘǜǘǖǗNJǟǘǎǒǕǛǩ
ǗǘǕǒǢǦǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǏǝǛǕǘnjǒǩǎǕǩǙǚǘǩnj
ǗǘǜNJǔǒǟnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǏǓǗǏǜ~ƹǏǚǞǏǔǠǒǘǗǒǑǖǙǘ
ǕǏǗǒǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǏǓǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǗNJǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǏǏǙǘnjǛǏǖǝ
ǟnjNJǕǦǗǥǓǒcǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjcǎǏǕǏǎǏǔǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǩ
ǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝǔǚǥǢǏǓǗǘǏǣǏnjǚǏǑNJǏǜnjcǔǚǥǢǝNjǘǕǦǢǒǏ
ǎǘǖǘnjǎǏǚǏnjǘǖƮǘǕǍǘǖǝǗǏǜǚNJnjǗǥǟƼNJǔǗNJǙǚǒ
ǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǙǘǕǒǔNJǚNjǘǗNJǜNJƹǚǒnjǛǏǓǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩ
ǖǏǚǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǘǞǒǛNJnjcưǝǔǘnjǔǏ  
ǧǜǘǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǥǓǙǚǘǚǥnjnjcǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǒǘǜǗǘǢǏ
ǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǙǘǔǚǥǜǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒ
ǗǒǏǔcǜǏǚǚNJǛǏǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǏǏǒǑǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓǗǏǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗ
ǚǏǓǔNJǖǒcǷǛnjǏǜǙǚǘǙǝǛǔNJǩNJcǙǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǗǒǏnjǑǍǕǩ
ǗǘǛǜǒǏǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕǘǕǏǍǔǘǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǥǖǚǏǎ
ǎǥǘǜǛǏǔNJǩƮǘǖNjNJǛǛǏǓǗnjcƻǘǛǗǘnjǘǖƫǘǚǝ  
ǔǘǔǜǘnjǛǏǚǦǏǑǑNJǎǝǖǥnjNJǕǛǩǘNjǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǏǗǒǒǏǏǛnjǏǜǘǖ
ǘNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗǖǏǕǔǒǖǒǕǏǐNJǣǒǖǒǎǘǛǘǡǔNJǖǒǙǘ
ƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǧǜNJǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǩǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǜǦǍǕNJǑNJ
ǚNJǑǗǘǖǝnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǖǒǑNJǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦǞNJǛNJǎNJǡǜǘ
ǔnjǏǚǟǝcǷǒcǙǘǗǒǖNJǩǧǜǘƮǘǕǍǘǓǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǙǘǎǢǒnjǔǝ
ǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǏǖǝǚǝǔǘǜnjǘǚǗǥǓǒcǐǒnjǘǓǘNjǕǒǔƮǘǖ
ɭ _  '
 ǛǏǡǏǗǒǩ ǙǘǎǙǘǚǗǥǟ ǛǜǘǏǔ NJc ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜ ǎǘǖNJ Ǚǘ njǛǏǖǝ ǔǚǘnjǕǒnjcǛǕǘǐǗǝǨǖǗǘǍǘǛǕǘǓǗǝǨǒǛǜǘǚǒǨ ǡǜǘǙǘǑǐǏ
ǛǜǏǗNJnjcưǝǔǘnjǔǏ  ǔǚǝǙǗǥǏnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏ x    < ǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝǘǔǚǝǐNJǏǜǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƴǘǜǘǚǝǨnjcǎNJǗǗǘǖǛǕǝ ǛǜNJǗǏǜǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǖǑǗNJǔǘǖNjǨǚǘƴ( 
ǐNJǕǨǑǒǙǘǎǚNJǑǗǥǖǝǍǕǘǖǙǚǒǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǞNJǛNJǎ  
 - @Q@A ǡNJǏǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǏǏNjǥǕǘNjǥǗNJǑnjNJǜǦnǍǝǕǦNjǒǣǏǖ~LJǜǘǜ ƷǘǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǙǘǜǘǕǘǔnjǥ
ǎǏǕNJǩǏǍǘǖǏǚǠNJǨǣǒǖǒcǚNJǑǗǥǖȁ ǛǏNjǩ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǎǕǩǛnjǘǒǟǎǚǝǑǏǓ ƮǘǕǍǘǓ
ɮ ! †“- U
 ǟǘǎǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǏǜǛǩǒǑǟǚNJǖǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷǙǚǒǡǏǖ ǍǕǩǎǒǜnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǍǎǏǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖǒǞǏǚǖǥ
nƴǚǒǜǒǔǒǗNJǛǑNJǧǜǘǚǝǍNJǨǜcǷǐNJǕǝǏǜ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǎǘǖNJǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJƿǘǜǩ
<x - ?>>M ǛcNJǎǏǔnjNJǜǗǥǖǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǞǝǗǔǠǒǒƭǝǕǦNjǒǣǏcǷ ǎǏǚǐNJǣǒǏǔǚǘnjǕǨƹǝǛǜǦǗǏƫǏǜNJǗǔǝǚǗǘǒcǘǗǒǙǘǚNJǎǝ
ǛǩƮǘǕǍǘǓcǷǘNjnjǒǗǩǨǜnjcǝǔǚNJǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǏǗǘǩcǛcǜNJǔǘǓ ǒcǑǎǏǛǦǘǗǙǥǜNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǒnjǏǛǜǒǖNJǜǏǚǒ
ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJnjǘǔǚǝǍǡNJǛǘnjǗǒ ǚǏǐǏcǷǠǏǚǔnjǒ cǷǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJ ǨǜnjǛǩǔǘǍǘǔǜǘǛǙǘǛǘNjǏǗǘǠǏǗǒǜǦǔǚNJǛǘǜǝǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ
ǘǠǏǗǔǘǓǗǏǛǘǍǕNJǛǏǗƴǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǗǒǖNJǗǒǏǔcǞNJǔǜǝǚNJǖ NJǕǔcǔNJǔǘǖǝǜǘǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǖǝǛǘǛǜǘǩǗǒǨ
ǡNJǕǘǛǦǎǕǩǗǏǞǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǘNjǣǏǗǒǩǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǗǎǘǒǕǒ NJcnjcǛǏǖǏǓǛǜnjǏƮǘǕǍǒǟǝǐǏǜǚǏǜǦǏǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǏcǷNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ
ǛnjǩǑNJǗǘǛcǜǏǖǡǜǘǗNJǢǏNjǨǚǘǜNJǔǐǏǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǘǏǔ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǎǏǕǘǎNJǐǏ
ǙǘǛǕǏǛǕǝǐNjǥǜǘǏǛǜǦǗǏNjǥǕǘǘNjǚǏǖǏǗǏǗǘǛNJǔǚNJǕǦ ǜǘǚǥ NJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǘǗǒǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǨǜǙǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦǔNJǔ
ǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǖǏNjǏǕǒǒcǙǚǘǚNJNjǘǜǔNJǞNJǛNJǎǘnjǒǛǙǘǕǗǩǏǜ ǗǏ ǛǜǘǕǦǔǘ njc ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏ ǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǩ
ǗǘǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓƼNJǔǒcǑǎǏǛǦǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǗǏǑNJǎNJǏǜǔNJǔǘǓ ǒǖǏǗǗǘnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǓǖǒǚǎǘǖNJǛǘǙǚǒǔNJǛNJǏǜǛǩǛcnjǗǏǢ
ǛǩǝcǗNJǛǛcǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨƮNJǗNJǢǒǛǤǏǖǗǥǏ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjcǘNjǣǏǖǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǒǚǘnjǗǘ
ǜǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǘǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǒ ǔNJǔǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǍǘ ǗǒǖcǷǡǜǘǚǏǎǔǘǖǘǐǗǘǝnjǒǎǏǜǦnjcǐǒǕǘǖǎǘǖǏƲcǑǎǏǛǦ
ǞNJǛNJǎǥǗǏǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǗǒǗǏǛǝǣǏǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǏǓǗǒǝǜǏ ǛǜǒǒcǍǕNJǎǔǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǏǎǏǕNJǏǜǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǗǘǛcǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦǨnjNjǒǚNJǏǜnjcǛǏNjǩǙǘǡǜǒǕǨNjǝǨ ǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǡǜǘǒǖǏǏǜnjcnjǒǎǝƮǘǕǍǘǓǍǘnjǘǚǩǡǜǘnǙǘcǛǜǏ
ǙǕǏǗǒǏǖǗǘǘǗǒǘǎǏnjNJǨǜǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǗǥǓǎǘǖnjǥǟǘǕǘǣǏǗǗǥǖǒcǛǜǏǚǒǕǦǗǥǖǔNJǔǙǘǚǘǨǘǠǒ
nljcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǙǚǘǜǒnjǗǒǔǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ǙǏǗǒǽǙǚǒǕǏǍNJǗǒǩǔcǜǏǕǝǻǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǙǘǟǘǐǗNJcǎǘNjǚǘǜ
ǜǝǚǝnjcǘǎǏǐǎǝǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǒǎǏǕNJǨǜǏǏNjǘǕǏǏǛǕǘǐǗǘǓ ǕǒǗǎǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓNjǚǝǛƮǘǕǍǘǓǐǏNjǏǚǏǜNjǚǝǛǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓ
ǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǘǖǎǘǖNJǑNJǔǚǥǜǥǏǒcǑNJǖǔǗǝǜǥǏǔNJǔǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǏ ǗǥǓǒcǕǨNjǒǖǥǓǛǜNJǚǥǓǛnjǒǜǏǚ~LJǜǘǜnǛnjǒǜǏǚ~ǙǚǒǕǏ
ǗǏǘǎǗǘǑǗNJǡǗǘǓǒcǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǓ~ƱǎǏǛǦǝǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ njcǛǏǡǏǗǒǒNJcnjǛǏǖǏǛǜNJnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǟǗǏǚǘnjǗǘǛǜǏǓǒcǢǏǚǘ
ǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǥcǷǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǜǏǖǝǘǜǏǠƮǖǒǜǚǒǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǍNJǏǜǔcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝcǷǘǗǎNJǏǜnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔǒ
ǛǔnjǘǑǒǜǗNJǖǏǔǗNJǜǘǡǜǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝnǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǗǘǓ~ ǟǘnjNJǜǘǛǜǏǓǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒƷǘǏǛǕǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ
ǜǘǚƼǒǖǘǞǏǓƻǜǏǙNJǗǘnjǒǡƮǘǕǍǘǓcǷƮNJǡNJǎǘǕǐǗNJNjǥǜǦ ǘǣǝǜǒǜǦǔNJǔǔǚǥǢNJǙǚǒǕǏǍNJǏǜǔcǗǏNjǝNJcǎǘǖcǷǔcǖǒǚǝ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǖNJǕǘǡǜǘǏǖǝPIWWMWEcFSVINJcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǙǘ ǗǥǓǎǘǖ ǍǎǏǖǗǘǍǘǎǏǜǏǓ NjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǛǜǒcǘNjǤǏǖǏǗǜǘ
ǎNJǡǏǓǕǏǜǗǒǖǎǘǖǘǖƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǝcǗNJǛǚǘnjǗǘǙǘǕǘnjǒ ƷǏǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǨǨǚǘǕǦnjcǧǜǘǖǒǍǚNJǏǜǒcǏǍǘǚNJǑǖǏǚcǷǒcǗǏ
ǎNJnjNJǓnǖǏNjǏǕǦǗǘǏ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦǙǘǛǔǚǏNjǒǕǨNjǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǎǘǖǘǜǠNJƼǒǖǘǞǏǩƮǘǕǍǘǍǘǎǘnjǏǎǏǗǎǘǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǙǘǡǜǒ
ǗǝǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǑNJǗǒǖNJǨǜǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒcǍNJǕǏǚǏǒǨǐǗNJǩǜǏǚ ǎNJǚǘǖǏǍǘǍǝǕǦNjǒǣǏNJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǝǏǜǛǩǗǏǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǟǚNJ
ǜǘǚǛǔǝǨǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǨcǷǜNJǖǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǑNJǛǏǚǏNjǚǩǜǛǩ ǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǝǕǥƶǘǎǝǕǏǖǎǘǖNJǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǔnjNJ
ǚNJǛNJǛcǢǏǑǕǘǗǍNJǖǒcǷǛǘǕǩǚǒǓǑNJǙNJǎǗNJǩcǷǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ ǖNJǖǒNJcǛcǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǗǥǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǒǡNJǛǘnjǗǩǖǒcǷǔNJǔ
ǚǘǐǔǒǔǕǒǏǗǜNJǁǜǘǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǐǎNJǏǜǒcǜǘǜǞNJǔǜǡǜǘǎǕǩ ǎǚNJǜnjcǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǥǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǘnjǘǎǏǜǥǘǔǗNJǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥ
njǘǛǜǘǡǗNJǩcǷǛǙǘǚǜǒnjǗǥǓǑNJǕ~ƴNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǒǓǙǏǎNJǍǘǍ njcƪnjǎǘǜǦǒǗǘǗNJǎƸǗǏǍǘǓǒǕǒnjcƱǒǟǗǏnjǘǗNJǎƴǏǗǘǑǏǚǘǖ

124 
20.
*   
NU' ;U.Ux R JJUˆŠ VU R*"*XUWVR‡ˆ '*.Rw' "*XUWVRU )*VV*)‰RUŠ
#U RwR_*RW RU ;X SVU' JU)U_*RR‡ˆ w NUUJ- UR .UXUaU !‡ 'UŠ



  +, VX*)W "<JX*V‰WRJUˆ ^VU; )*JRNX _WRU" JJ JU'_*Jˆ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     . JUX!)‰ XUN"aˆW R*;UX*NV"*RRU w N*X*"*RJUˆ VXUV*)‰RUˆ
J^)‰V^X‡- SVU V^`W JU#N ' R*^XwRUV‰ UJw‡"*VW .^NUŠ

     
x*V"*RR‡' J_*V"U' JU#N "*'XRUV‰ XUxN*VW w !*w^N*XxRUˆ
    ;XU"R`)‰RUV- (J y+ ??< <?>>M
     


 
  (0 !" # ɭ J 
 ' 
 -
;
  ('E +- @G?I-
(6 ' &@G=?,
ɭ

 )     

ƷǘǛǕǏǎǘǖǔǚǒǜǒǔǘnjǗNJǡNJǕǒǖǝǡǒǜǦǛǘ
ǖǗǏǗǒǩƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNjǥǕnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǙǚǘǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǨǙǚǘ
ǗǘnjǥǏǞǘǚǖǥǙǚǘNjǝǎǝǣǏǏNJcǜǝǜNjǘǍNJǜǥǓǎǘǖǡǦǒǒǗ
ǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥcǷǒǑǙǚǘǢǕǘǍǘƪǗǗNJƫǚǘǗǘnjǒǠǔNJǩǗNJ
ǧǜǘǛǔNJǑNJǕNJǡǜǘǒcƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǛǏNjǏǗǏǎǏǢǏ
njǥǓǎǘǖnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏƶǘǛǔnjǥNJcƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓƺǏnjǑǒǗǔcǜǘǓǐǏ
ǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǒǎǘNjNJnjǒǕǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǘǏǑNJǖǏǡNJǗǒǏnƻǘNj
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJnjcƴǚǒnjǘNJǚNjNJǜǛǔǘǖǙǏǚǏǝǕǔǏ
njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǔǘǛǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔǘǚNJNjǕǦǒǑǎnjǝǟǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǘnj
ǗǘǜǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǧǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǘǖǒǔǒǑNJǚNjNJǜǛǔǘǍǘǙǏ
ǚǏǝǕǔNJǒcǝcǗǏǍǘnjcǙǘǎnjNJǕnjǏǎǏǜǕǨǔǔǝǎNJǗNJǑǒǖǝǑNJ
ǍǚǝǐNJǕǒǔNJǚǜǘǢǔǝƬcnjǏǣNJǟǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJ
ǏǛǜǦǞNJǗǜNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǛǖǏǕǘǛǜǒǛcǗǏǙǚǒǔǚǥ
ǜǘǓǗNJǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǨǔǘǍǎNJǕǨǎǒǛǜNJǚǜǝǨǜnjcǔǘǛǖǘǛǗǏǙǘ
ƷǘǛcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǔǚǒǜǒǔǘǓ ǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛcǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǘǓǘǔǘǕǒǠǥ~Ʋcǟǘǜǩǎǘǖƴǝ
NjǥǕNJǏǣǏǜNJǔNJǩǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǡǜǘǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǒǧǜǘǓnjcƶƪƺƿƲ ǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJǜǘǐǏǑNJǘǔǘǕǒǠǏǓ ƶǘǛǔnjǥ ǒcǜǘǐǏǘNjǚNJǣǏǗ
ǗǏǝǡǒǕǒǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǚǒǢǕǒnjcǗǏǏǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘnjǏǎǥǒcǒǛǜǘ ǛnjǘǒǖǑǏǗǒǜǗǥǖǞǘǗNJǚǏǖnjcǔǘǛǖǘǛ ǔǕǨǡǏnjǘǓǧǛǔǒǑcǷ
ǚǒǔǒƴǘǜǘǚǥǏǘǙǒǛNJǜǦǗǏǡǜǘǗǘnjǘǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǏǖǘǍǕǒ ǛcǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǨǙǏǚǏǛǏǔNJǨǣǏǓǔǚǝǍcǷǜNJǔǒcǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǛǩ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǖǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǩǛǘǛǜNJǚǥǖǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǖ nƵǏǛǜǗǒǠNJnjcǗǏNjǘ~ ǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǘǍǘǚNJǑǚǥnjNJǘcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖ
ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǔǘǍǎNJǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǎǘǖǜǏǕǏǛǔǘǙǔǚǒǜǒǔǒǚNJ ǙǒǢǏǜƺǏnjǑǒǗǒcǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǘNjNJǩǗǒǏnƶNJǟǘǚǔǒ~
ǎǘǛǜǗǘǝnjǒǎǏǕǒnjcǗǏǖƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJnƴǘǍ ǜǝǜǗǏǜƮǘǚǘǍǘǓǎǘǖ njǗǝǜǚǒǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǒǚǘǔǘcǷǎǘǚǘǍǘǓ
ǎNJǛǖǘǜǚǒǢǦǗNJǗǏǍǘcǷǗNJǙǒǛNJǕƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓƺǏnjǑǒǗcǷ ǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǘǓǒǑƪǞǚǒǔǒ ǗǏǙǚǒǗǏǛǢǒǓnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ
ǜǘǛǚNJǑǝǐǏnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǢǦƬƻƿƬcǍǘǎNJǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ ǜǏǟǗǘnjǥǟǞǘǚǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǚǒǗǏǛǕNJnƶNJǟǘǚǔNJ~cǷǙǏǚ
ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǽƶNJǟǘǚǔNJǻ njǥǓǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǙǚǘǏǔǜǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJ
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǛǜNJnjǢǒǓǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ƴNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗǒǡǏǍǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǍǘnjcǧǜǘǖ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJƬǏǣǒǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǏƼǘǜNJǗǘǖ ǗǏǜǗǏǜNJǧǙǘǟNJǗǏǜǘǜǑNJǙǚǘǛƱNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǙǚǘǛǜǘǟǘǜǏǕ
ƬǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǒcǔǚǒǜǒǔNJǏǛǜǦǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJ ǎǘǖNJcǷǛNJǖǘǍǘǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǍǘnjǘnjǛǏǓǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏcǷǑnjǝ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǥǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǜNJǔNjǝǎǜǘǧǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǏ ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǚǩǎǘǖǛǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǓǒcǡǜǘNjnjcǗǏǖNjǥǕǘǖǗǘǍǘ
ƹǏǚnjǥǓǚǏǎǔǘǝǖǏǏǜǛǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǜǦnǡǜǘǟǘǜǏǕǛǔNJ ǡǒǜǜNJǔnƾǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǘǖǙǘǎǑǎNJǗǒǏǛǕǝǐǒǜǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏ ǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǥ~nƻǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǎǘǖNJǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜ ǛnjǏǜNJƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǘǔNjǥǕǔǚǘǢǏǡǗǥǓǗNJnǔǘ
ǑNJǜǦǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔ~ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǜǘǚǘǖǝǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǛNJǖǘǖǝ ǜǘǗǗNJǩǙǕǒǜNJǘǙǒǚNJǨǣNJǩǛǩǗNJǛnjNJǒƴǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǛǜǏǗ ǛǚNJǑǝǎnjǏǚNJNjǘǜǥƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJcǷǝǜǘǡǗǒ ǑǥǚǗǘǖ~ƱNJnjǒǎǔǒǗǘǖǖǥǛǝǟǘǜǏǕǒǙǘǛǏǕǒǜǦǛǩnnjǛǏ~
njǡǒǜǥnjNJǜǦnjcǜnjǘǚǏǗǒǩǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǗǏǔǒǏǛǖǥǛǕǥƻǗNJǡNJ ǒcǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǓnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗNJǒǑǔǕǏǏǗǘǓǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥƷNJ ǕNJƪǗǗNJƫǚǘǗǘnjǒǠǔNJǩcǷǛǒǕǦǗNJǩǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥ ǜNJǔǡǜǘnNjǘǍNJǜǥǏǜǘǐǏǝǙǕǘǜǗǩǨǜǛǩ~ƬcǘNjǤǏǖǏǕǏǏǕǏ
ǕNJǑǘǎǡǏǖǝǕǏǛǜǗǘ nƷNJǎǘǐǏǔNJǔNJǩǩcǍǕǝNjǒǗNJ~ Ǚǘ ǚǝǐǗNJǩǘǜǎǏǕǔNJǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǡǗǥǟǣǒǜǘnjǛcǙǘǛǕǏǎǝ ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǨǘǜǛǥǕNJǏǜǔcǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǝǽƶNJ ǝǜǚNJǖNjǘnjNJǕǒnjǛǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒƪcǏǣǏnjǘǔǚǝǍNjǥǕǒNjǏǚǏǑǥ
ǜǘǖǛǜǚNJǗǗǘ nƮNJǍǎǏǐǜǝǜǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǔǘǍǎNJǘǎǗNJǒǗ ǨǣǏǓǘNjǚNJNjǘǜǔǘǓƴǚǘnjǕǩǑǎNJǗǒǩnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗNJǒǑǖǏǎǒ ǟǘǚǔNJǻNJcǞNJǛNJǎǛǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǠǒǕǒǗǎǚNJcǷǔcǍNJǚNJǐǝǽƲǗ ǗǘǗǒǘǎǗǘǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǚǒǛǤǏǖǔǏǧǜǘǍǘǞǒǕǦǖNJǗǏǎǘǕǐǗǘ
ǛǘǕǩǠǒǩȁ~ ǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǘNjǒǎǗǘ nƮNJǗǏnjǒǎǏǕǩcnjNJǢǏǍǘ Ƭc ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩ ǙǚǒǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩ ǎnjǝǟǔNJǖǏǚǗǥǏ ǜǝǚǒǛǜNJǻ~ƪcNJnjǜǘǚǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒǝnjǒǎǏǕǜǘǍǎNJnjcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒ NjǥǕǘNjǥǜǦnjǥǚǝNjǕǏǗǘƬcǘNjǣǏǖǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦǙǘǎnjǏǛǒǜǦ
ǁǝǖǒ~ ƬcǒǜǘǍǏǗNJǛNJǓǜǏƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJǘǙǒǛNJǗǒǏǧǜǘǍǘ ǛǜǏǔǕǘǙNJǔǏǜǥ~ ǔǚǝǍNJǒcǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǔǕǒǗƵǒǛǒǠǔǘǍǘȁ ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǛNjǘǔǝǔNJǔǚNJǑǙǚǘǖǏǐǎnjǝǟNjǏǚǏǑƬǥǚǏǑNJnj

126 
njcǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǏǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǒcǑNJǔǚǥnjǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǥǖǛǜǏ
ǔǕǘǖǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǒǖǘǚǏǛnjǏǜNJƺNJǑǎnjǒǐǗNJǩǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔNJ
ǘǜǎǏǕǩǏǜǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǘǜǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǘǜǔǝǎNJǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǓǜǒǗNJ
NjNJǕǔǘǗǒǕǒǙǘǙNJǛǜǦnjcnjNJǗǗǝǨcǷǏǏǘNjǤǏǖǔǚNJǛǒnjǘǑNJnjǒ
ɮ
ǛNJǏǜǗNJǎnjǟǘǎǘǖnjcǎǘǖǎǏǕNJǩǒcǧǜǘǜǞNJǛNJǎǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǖ
NjǘǔǘnjǘǍǘƿǘǚǘǢǒcnnjǘǎǗǥǓ~ǞNJǛNJǎǛcǏǍǘǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǖ
njǒǎǘnjLJǜǘǒcǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩǕǘǎǐǒǩǒcnǎǒNJǞǚNJǍǖNJ~
ǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǗǥǟǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǟǎnjǏǚǏǓ ǛcnjǥǟǘǎǘǖǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ 
ǒcǝnjǏǕǒǡǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩnǕǒǗǑNJ~ǘǔǗNJǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJǒcnǜǏǕǏǛǔǘǙ~
ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥƼǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǎǗǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǙNJǗǘ
ǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘNJcǠǏǕNJǩǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩǚNJǑǗǥǟǜǒǙǘnjǘǙǜǒǔǒ
ƼǘǏǛǜǦǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNjǘǡǔǘǓǗNJǗǒǑNJǗǗǥǓǗNJ
ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǝnjcǗǏNjǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǓǔǝǕǦǖǒǗNJǠǒǏǓ
ǑNJǙǚǘǛNJǗNJǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǘǜnjǏǜǘǖǗNJǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǏǔcǗǏ
ǙǘǟǘǐǏǛǜǒnƮǘǖǜǏǕǏǛǔǘǙcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƴǝǑǏǖNjNJ
ǏnjcǷǽǜǏǕǏǛǔǘǙǘǖǻǛǜNJǕnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓǖǘǖǏǗǜƼNJǖNjǥǕ
ǛǘnjǛǏǖǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǞNJǛNJǎǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǟǘǎǒǕǒcǛǜǚNJǎNJǕǡǜǘ
ǒǎǏǒǗǏǜǽƽƶǒǟNJǕǥǡNJcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜcǷǏǛǜǦǝcƪǚǜǏǖNJ
ǏǛǜǦNJcǝcǖǏǗǩcǷǗǏǜǻƼNJǔǒcǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǒǔNJNjǒǗǏǜnjcNjǘǡ ɮ ^%  
ǔǏ~ƱnjǝǡǒǜǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǔNJǔǜǚǒnjǒNJǕǦǗǥǓnjǥǙǏǗǎǚǏǐ <J  % - @QQA
nǙǏǚǏǎǙNJǠNJǗNJǖǒ~ǗǘnjǘǙǚǘǛnjcǜǘǖnjǘǡǜǘǘǗnjǘǙǕǘ
ǣNJǏǜǛǩƪcnjǘǙǕǘǣNJǏǜǛǩǘǗǗǏnjcǖǚNJǖǘǚǗǥǏǔǘǕǘǗǗǥ
NJcnjcǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏƴǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǚǒ
njǛǏǓǛnjǘǏǓǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǒǖǏǏǜǍǕǝNjǘǔǒǏǔǘǚǗǒ
ƬcnƶNJǟǘǚǔǏ~ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǘnjǛǏǐǏ
ǔǝNjǒǡǏǛǔNJǩNJcnjǘǜǛNJǖNJǒǎǏǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǙǘǎnjǏǢǏǗǗǘǓ
ǔcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǝǘNjǤǏǖǝǒcǒǖǏǨǣǏǓǗNJǔǘǗǠǏǛǖǘǜǚǘnjǝǨ
ǙǕǘǣNJǎǔǝnjǘǛǟǘǎǒǜǔcNjǘǔǘnjǘǖǝǔǚǥǕǦǠǝƽǛǙǏǗǛǔǘǓ
ǠǏǚǔnjǒnjcƴǘǗǎǘǙǘǍǏƼNJǖǜǥǜNJǔǐǏǎnjǒǐǏǢǦǛǩnjcǗǏNjǘ
NJcǙǚǏǐǎǏǡǏǖǙǘnjǏǚǗǝǜǦnjcǟǚNJǖǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǢǦǛǩǙǚǏǎ
njǏǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǔNJǚǜǒǗǘǓƸǗǏǐǛǔǘǍǘǘǑǏǚNJ

128 
21.
* ,  
"<SVU' U!Ž*JV* W<"<`*)U' TUX'^)XU") N)W
*!W ;XR`;‡ ;XU*JVXU"RW R URU"* N*Š



  +, X*"WRR‡. JURVX^J`ˆ- W<;URW) _VU '*RRU
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   



3 JURVX^J`W "<VJU' U!Ž*JV* R!U)** RV*X*R _VU **
R^xRU R* ;XWVV‰ <"‡V")WV‰ R;UJw _VU UR NU)xR
     


X!UVV‰ <JJ R*^~W URU" wNRW <JJ *#U SV*VŠ
  _*JW UV")W]~W- VUˆJ !)J )# NTX#'‡
  %% !" # x*VJUV U!X*a*VJ< W<R* ;XN^'‡") )aR. S)*'*RŠ

(% VU" <)a‰ SV*VwXU") R*U!.UN'‡*-


    ɮ
ǘcNjǏǛǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǙǏǚǏǗǏǛǏǗǒǩǍǘǚǘǎ
ǛǔǒǟǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǏǓ ǙǘǚǩǎǔNJǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǗǘ
Ǜǜǒ njcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝNJcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǖ
ǜNJǔǜǒǕǦǗǘǙǏǚǏǎNJǨǣǒǖǧǜǘǚNJǑǎǚNJǐǏ
ǗǒǏNjǥǕǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǕǏǛǘnjcǷ
ǐǏǕǏǑǘƬǟǘǎǗǥǏǖǘǛǜǔǒnjcƮǘǖǖǘǛǜ
ǛǘǘǜǗǘǛǒǖǥǛcǜǏǖǒnƵǏǛNJǖǒ~ǙǘǖNJǛ
ǢǜNJNjǝǗǘǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǍǘnjǘǚǒǜ
ǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǘNjǏǛǙǏ
ǡǒnjNJǏǜǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǨǕǏǛNJǛcǕǨNjǘǓǎNJǐǏ
ǘǡǏǗǦǔǚǝǙǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǘǓ
ƼNJǔǐǏǒcǛNJǖǎǘǖcǷǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǏǍǘǘǍǚǘǖ
ǗǘǛǜǒcǷǗǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǜǩǐǏǕǥǖǎNJnjǩ
ɭ
ǗNJƶǩǛǗǒǠǔǘǓǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǑNJǙǏ ǣǒǖcǷǒcǛǎǏǕNJǗǘǧǜǘǔNJǔǑNJǛǡǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǜNJǔǒcǑNJ
ǕǏǗNJǕǒnǗǘǐǔǒ~ǡǜǘNjǥǘǗǗǒǔǝǎNJ ǛǡǏǜǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJƲǑǔNJǖǗǩǑǎǏǛǦǜǘǕǦǔǘNjNJǛǛǏǓǗnjǛǏ
ǗǏǝǢǏǕ ƱNJǜǏǖǘǙǘǚǥǎǘǖNJǛǘ ǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǏcǷǔǕǏǏǗNJǩǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJƬǛǏǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǜǚNJ
njǏǚǢNJǨǜnǙǘǎǤǏǖǙǏǚǏnjǘǚǘǜǘǖ~ ǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǖǒǗǏǚNJǕǦǗǘǓ
ǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩnjcǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏ njNJǜǘǓǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǗNJnjǏǛǗǥǏǣǒǜǥǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥ
ǚNJǛǔǘǛǥǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJLJǜǝǔǚNJ ǔǚǘnjǕǩǜǘǐǏǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥǙǘǔǕǏǏǗǥǖǛǜǚǘǙǒǕNJǖ
ǛǒnjǝǨǚǒǞǖǝǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǒcǏǍǘ ƷNJǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜǧǜǘNjǥǕǛNJǖǥǓNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖƺǘǛ
ǙǘǡǜǒǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǎǘǖ ǛǒǒǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǓǙǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǓǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒcǖǏǜǚǘnj
ǎǏǚǐǒǜǜǏǖǝǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǒƴǛǜNJ njcǎǕǒǗǝ ǎǕǩǚNJǛǡǏǜNJǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦǙǚǒnjǕǏǡǦ
ǜǒǗǏnjǑǒǚNJǩǗNJǜNJǔǘǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘ ƻǜNJǗǒǛǕNJnjNJƼǝǚǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘcǷǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏǛǙǏǠǒNJ
ǛǜǏǔǕNJǘǗǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǥǓ ǕǒǛǜNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǘǙǚǘǛǝ 
ǛǜǏǔǕǘcǷǗǒǑǔǘǧǖǒǛǛǒǘǗǗǘǏǛǒ ƹǚǒǜNJǔǘǓǎǕǒǗǏǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǙǚǏ
ǛǜǏǖNJǝǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǘǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǏǖcǷ njǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcnǍǘǚǘǎ~ƱNJǙNJǎǗǥǓǏǍǘnǔnjNJǚǜNJǕ~cǷǧǜǘ
NJnjǜǘǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩƪcǒǑǔNJǐǎǘǓǔǘǖ ǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǎǘǖǛcǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǖǒǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJǖǒǘǎǗNJǙǘǎ
LJǜǘǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏǛNJǖǥǓnǐǒǚǗǥǓ~ǎǘǖnjǘnjǛǏǖnƹǒǚǘǍǘ ɭ '
 #
 - ǗNJǜǥnjǔǕǨǡNJǩnjNJǗǗǝǨnjǒǎǗǘnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣǏ ǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǓǍNJǚǎǏǚǘNjǛNJǗǝǑǏǕ
njǘ~ǟǘǜǩǏǍǘǐǒǕNJǩǙǕǘǣNJǎǦnnjǛǏǍǘ~cǔnjcǖcǎǏǚǏnjNJ  B   %  ƮǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǜǦǚNJǛǜnjǘǚǒǜǦǎǘǖ ǛcǎǐNJǔǝǑǒƬcnjǏǚǟǗǏǓǡNJǛǜǒnjǘǛǜǘǡǗǘǍǘnǔnjNJǚǜNJǕNJ~cǷnǑNJ
ǑǎǏǛǦǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǘǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǡǜǘǟnjNJǜǒǕǘNjǥǗNJǜǥǛǩ  - @GIG njcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǙǘǖǘǍNJǨǜǒcǍNJǕǏǚǏǒǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒǔǘǜǘ ǖǘǔ~ǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǛcǜǏǖǐǏǗNJNjǘǚǘǖǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǓƹǘǎǗǒǖcǷ
ǡǝǙǏǛǘǡǗǒǠƸǎǗNJǔǘnjǚǩǎǕǒǕǏnjNJǩǔǚǒǜǒǔNJNjǝǎǏǜǜǝǜ ɮ U 
 ǚǥǖǒǎǘǖǘǔǚǝǐǏǗǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗƬǔǝǙǏǛcǢǒǚǘǔǒǖǒ ǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓnǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗ~ǔǝǟǗǩǛcNjNJǚǗǘǓǛǜǘǓǔǘǓǝcǛNJǖǘǓ
ǝǖǏǛǜǗNJcǷǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǜǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǟnjǒǕǕǛǙǚǩ E
  - ) ǛnjǏǛNJǖǒǔǚǘnjǕǒǘǗǒǏǣǏǒcǑNJǣǒǣNJǨǜǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥǘǜǕǏǜ ǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩƷǝǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏcǷǍǕNJnjǗNJǩ
ǜNJǗǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǑNJnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǒǑNJNjǘǚNJǖǒǒcǘcǡǦǏǖǛǝǣǏ < E- ?>>? ǗǏǍǘǙǏǚǏǍǚǏnjNJcǷǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦnjcǎǘǖǏ nǙǕǘǣNJǎǦ~ǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǎnjǝǖǩnNjNJǢǗǩǖǒ~ƸǎǗNJcǷǧǜǘ
ǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǒǖǥǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǝǑǗNJǏǖƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǑNJNjǘǚNJǗǏǜ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨnjǏǗǜǒǕǩǠǒǨƼǘǏǛǜǦǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǓnǢǔNJǞ~ǛcǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǏǓǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǥnjǜǘǚNJǩcǷ
ǒcnjcǙǘǖǒǗǏNJcǟǘǑǩǒǗǎǘǖNJǗǏǙǚǏǙǩǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǏǍǘǙǝNjǕǒ ǔNJǐǎǘǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǗNJǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔǝ ǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǓǔNJǖǒǗƻǕǘǐǒǜǦǝcǔNJǖǒǗNJǎǚǘnjNJcǷ
ǔNJǠǒǒǡǜǘǎǕǩǔNJǙǒǜNJǕNJǜNJǔǘǍǘǝǚǘnjǗǩǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǙǘǡ ǎǘǖNJƯǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǛǝǍǝNjǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjǘcǷ ǎǏǕǘǘNjǥǡǗǘǏǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǜǦǧǜǝǙǘǕǏǗǗǒǠǝnjcǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǝǨ
ǜǒǗǘǗǛǏǗǛƷǘǒcǛNJǖǎǘǖǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǡǜǘǔNJǙǒǜNJǕǥ ǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǡǒǛǜǥǓǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜcǷǗǘ ǧǜǘǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǓnjǟǘǎǚǏǢǏǗǗǥǓǜǘǐǏǔNJǔǎǕǒǗǗǨǣǒǓ NjNJǢǗǨcǷǎǕǩǧǜǘǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǎǘNjǥǜǦƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǥǖ
ǖǘǍǝǜNjǥǜǦǔǘǗnjǏǚǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏ njǏǎǦǒcnƶǏǎǗǥǓnjǛNJǎǗǒǔ~ǑǖǒǩǗǏǜǘǔǖǘǙǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǗǘ ǖǘǛǜǒǔǍNJǕǏǚǏǩƸǗǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜnjǟǘǎǩǣǏǖǝǕǒǢǗǒǓǚNJǑ ƴǛǜNJǜǒǏǍǘǛNJǖǥǖǒǙǏǚnjǥǖǒǚǏNJǕǒǑNJ
ǞǘǚǖǥǗǘǏǣǏǒcnjǙǘǕǗǏǠǒnjǒǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǙǝǜǏǖ ǒcǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǗǏǍǘ ǡǜǘǗǒǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǗǏǖǏǢNJǏǜǏǖǝnjǑǎǥ ǗǏǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǜǦǛǩǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǝǚNJnjǗǘnjǏǢǒnjNJǏǜNjNJǛ ǠǒǩǖǒnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǟǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcNjǥǕǒǔNJǖǒǗǥƪcǙǏǚ
ƽǐǏǛNJǖǘǙǘǛǏNjǏǖǏǛǜǘnjǥNjǚNJǗǘǗǏ ǖNJǜǦƺǘǛǛǒǨǗNJǎǥNjǥ  ǛǏǓǗǙǚǏǎǝnjǏǎǘǖǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǘǖǖǘǛǜNJcǜNJǔǐǏ njǘǓǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǏǓƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJcǷǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗ
ǜǚǒnjǒNJǕǦǗǘǏǗǏǙǘǕǩǗǔNJǗNJǘǙǝǢǔǏǗǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǓNjǏǚǏǍ ƹNJǚǏǗǒǏcǷǘǙǩǜǦǜNJǔǒǗǏǚNJǎǒǘNjǚNJǑNJ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜnjǟǘǎnjcǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǏǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǏ nƶNJǟǘǚǔNJ~  njcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǘǗǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǍǘǚǎǒǕǛǩǎǏǚǏ
njǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣNJNJcǗǒǔǘǖǝǗǏǗǝǐǗǥǓǘnjǚNJǍƼNJǔǡǜǘǧǜǘ NJcǡǜǘNjǥǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǙǘǡnjǝǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǖǗǘǐǔǘnjǒǑǝNJǕǦǗǥǟ ƷǘǏǛǜǦǒcǏǣǏǔǘǏǡǜǘnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJ njǩǗǗǘǓnjǒǗǜǘnjǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǓ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǏǏǞǘǗǏǞǘǜǘǍǚNJ
ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑNJcǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǘǖǖǘǛǜǙǏǚǏǔǒǗǝ ǛnjǩǑǏǓƬǚǩǎǕǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǔǜǘNjǝǎǏǜǑNJǍǕǩǎǥnjNJǜǦǙǘǎǎǘǖ ǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǏnƪǚǜƴǕǩǑǦǖNJ~ǗǏǎNJǕǏǔǘǘǜǧǜǘǍǘǖǏǛǜNJnƸNj ǞǒǚǘnjNJǕǛǩ ƬcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏnjǒǗǜǘnjNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦ
ǜǥǓǛcǘǎǗǘǍǘǔǚNJǩǩǖǥǗNJǎǚǝǍǘǓƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǘnjǚNJǍǙǚǒ ǜǝǜǏǣǏǗǝǐǗǘǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǒcǑNJNjǘǚǘnjnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ǕǏǎǏǗǏǗǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnj~njǘǑnjǏǕǘnƵǏǛNJnjcǕǏǛNJǟ~cǷǞǏ ǘǗNJǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏnjǛǩǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǔNJǔǝcƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJǗǘǒǖǏǗ
ǍǘǎǒǕǛǩǜǝǎNJǛǙǚǩǜNJǕǒǙǏǗNJǕNjNJǛǛǏǓǗNJNJcǝǐǏǗNJǗǏǍǘ ǗǏǜǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘnjǛǩǏǍǘǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǩǛǜǚǘǍǘǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜǛǩ  ǏǚǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǝǒǑǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǟǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǕǏ ǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘnjǘǗǑNJǏǜǛǩnjcǜǏǕǘǎǘǖNJǔNJǔǟNJǓ
ǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjǕǏǍǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǎǘǖƬǘnjǛǏǟǐǏ ǗǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǡǜǘǎǘǖǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǔNJǛNJǏǜǛǩǑǏǖǕǒNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜ ǛǘnjǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗNJǡǒǗNJǕNJǛǦǘǜNjǏǚǏǍNJǒcǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǕNJǡǝǜǦǗǏ ǜǏǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǢǜǘǙǘǚnjcNjǝǜǥǕǔǝǎǘǚǘǍǘǍǘnjǒǗNJƪcǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝ
ǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǟǖǏǛǜNJǟǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǗNJNjǝǚǘǗNJNjǒnj ǕǏǍǔǘǖǘǐǏǜǙǏǚǏǖǏǛǜǒǜǦǛǩcǷǎǘǚǘǍǘǍǘǛǜǘǒǜ ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ǙǘǎǔǚǘǗǥǎǏǚǏnjǦǏnjƬǘǑǗǒǔǢNJǩǒǑǗǒǔǏǖǗǏǘǜǚǏǞǕǏǔ ǘǗNJǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔnjcnƶNJǟǘǚǔǏ~njǥǗǏǛǏǗNJǑNJǙǚǏǎǏǕǥǛǜǏǗǜǘ
ǗǥǏǛnjNJǒcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǙNJǚǒǜƶǘǐǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ƹNJǙǏǚǗǥǓnjcnƴǝǕǦǜǝǚǏƮnjNJ~ǙǒǛNJǕǡǜǘǎǘǖǝƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏ ǛǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǓǘǖǘǗǒǖǒǒǘǗNJnjcǘNjǣǏǖǜǘǙǘnjǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǕNJ ǑnjǝǡǒǜǔNJǔǜNJǓǗǥǓǙǚǒnjǏǜǘǎǗǘǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǒǛǜNJǎǚǝǍǘǖǝ

130 
K
ɭ
22. ɭ `       
w   <  
 - ;))NU ""*) "<;XU"R`)‰R^] x)^] XŠ
@HMM- UB   .V*JV^X^ "U*#U "X*'*R VX^JV^X^ J)Š
U% 
  &@GAH,


 & J JUVUXW UVXx*V ;UXWNUJ 'XUwNRW-
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

      VUˆJ !)J ;‰*N*V)‡ TXURVUR‡ <V-<N-< "* S)*'*RŠ


V‡ UXN*X R* ))]VXX^]V _VUŠ ) !U <N]V _*VJ* U~^Š
  (* !" #
~*RW VWx*V <^VUˆ_"UV UUX^x*RW w#RRR‡*
(% w U"X*'*RRUˆ X.V*JV^X‡- X^! "<SVU' '‡)* VU)‰

     x* J)_*R JJ <NX*"R*#X*_*J* x)‡* U!Xw`‡ )
;))NRJ* "))‡ UR U!)N*V "U*ˆ R*;U"VUX'Uˆ
^JUX*R*RRUˆ "<'*V* ;UNJ V*JVURJUˆ- "* *#U UV"Š
)W]~* JURVX^JV"R‡ <T^RJ`UR)‰R‡ R*^V "U] TŠ
)UUTJ^] R#X^wJ^-

ƯǏǛnjǏǛǥǘǡǏǗǦǎǘǕǍǒǏnjcǜǚǏǜǦǛǔNJǜNJNJcnjǥǙǝǛǔǒnjǏǚǟǗǒǟ ǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǎǘǖNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǙǘǕǝǡNJǨǜǗǘ
NjǚǏnjǏǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǒǟǙǘǎǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǨǜǜǘǐǏǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘ njǥǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏǡǏǚǜǥǘǎǗNJǔǘƽǜǔǒǗǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ
ǎǕǒǗǗǥǏƽcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥǚǏǎǔǘNjǥnjNJǕǜNJǔǘǓNjǘǕǦǢǘǓ NJǙǏǕǕǒǚǝǏǜǗǏǔcǗǒǖNJcǔcǜǘǖǝǡǏǍǘǝǐǏǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǘǛǜNJ
njǥǗǘǛǔǚǥǢǒǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǒǑǗNJǢǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǘǗNJ ǒcǑNJǖǏǗǩ ǕǘǛǦƷǘǡǜǘNjǥǕǘǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǔǚNJǛǒnjǏǏ
ǕNJǛǦǠǏǕǒǔǘǖ NjǥǛǜǚǏǏǡǏǖǘǛNJǎǔǒǝǛǙǏnjNJǕǒǒǛǙǘǚǜǒǜǦ ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǝǔǚNJ
ǛǜǏǗǥƷǘǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǜǘǍǎNJǔǘǍǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǗǘnjǘǍǘ ǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǗǒǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗǗǒǙǘǕǘǜǏǗǏǠǗǒǗNJǕǒǡǗǒ
ǎǘǖNJNjǥǕǘǘNjǥǡǗǥǖǎǏǕǘǖƻǏǓǡNJǛǐǏǘǗǘǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǔǘnj ƪc njǛǏ ǡǜǘ njǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ ƽǜǔǒǗ ǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǒǚǝǏǜ
ǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǡǜǘǒcǙǘǎǟǘǎǔcǏǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝNjǘǕǦǢǏǙǘ ƼNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnjǖǏǛǜǘǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǍǘǔǚǥǕǦǠNJǙǘǩnj
ǟǘǐǗNJnjǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǏǟǚNJǖNJcǷǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǜǚǘǒǕǛǩǗNJnjǏǔNJ ǕǩǏǜǛǩnNJǗǜǒǔǚǥǕǦǠǘ~ǗǏnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǓNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǗǏǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǝǩǛǦǙǘǕǒǠNJǖǒǛǚǝNjǟǚNJǖNJǏǣǏ njǎNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǓnjcǜǏǕǘǎǘǖNJǧǕǏǖǏǗǜ ǡǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ
ǒcǚNJǛǢǒǚǩǕǛǩǔnjǏǚǟǝǘǜnjǘǎǩnjǘǎǝǘǜǛǜǏǗ ǡǜǘǗNJǑǥnjNJ njcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǔǕǒǖNJǜǏ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥnnjǥǎNJnjǕǒ
ǕǘǛǦnǙǘnjNJǕǘǖ~ LJǜǝǐǏǕǘǍǒǔǝǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǏǜƽǜǔǒǗcǷǗǘ njNJǏǜ~ǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǘǓǛǜǏǗǥǎǘǖNJcǷǒcǜǘ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǘǍǒǔǝǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǙǘǗǒǖNJǩǡǜǘǧǛǜǏǜǒǔNJǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǡǜǘǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǓnǒǑNjǘǓǛǘǛnjǩǑǦǨ~
ƹǚǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǏƺǥNjǒǗǛǔǘǍǘnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣNJ Ƕ ǗǏǔǝǙǒǕǒǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǛcǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǒǑNjǘǓǁǏǚǏǑǙNJǚǝǕǏǜ ǎǏǚǏnjǗǒNjǥǕNJǙǚǩǖǥǖǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖǏǏǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔǒ njǎǚǝǍǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩǡǝǜǦǗǏnjcNjNJǚǛǔǒǓǎǘǖǛcǞǕǒǍǏ
 ǙǘǗNJǎǘNjǒnjǢǏǍǘǛǩǡǜǘNjǥǑNJǙǝǛǜǒǜǦƺǥNjǒǗǛǔǝǨ ǩcǙǘǑǗNJǔǘǖǒǕǛǩǛcnjǕNJǎǏǕǦǠǏǖǖǏǛǜǗǘǓǕǏǛǘǙǒǕǔǒǘNj nƼǘǡǜǘǚNJǗǦǢǏNjǥǕǘǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǖ ǕǩǖǒƮnjǏNjǘǔǘnjǥǏǜǚǏǜǒǑǎNJǗǒǩǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǥNJcǠǏǗ
ǍǒǎǚǘǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǛǜNJǗǠǒǨNjǥǕǘǑNJǜǘǙǕǏǗǘǔnjǔǖ ǣǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǎNJǍǏǛǜNJǗǠǏǖƶNJǍǘǖǏǜǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǏǎ ǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǛǙǘǛǘNjǘǖǛǜǚǘǒǜǦcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǘǗcǷ ǜǚNJǕǦǗNJǩǜǚǏǜǦǛǎnjǒǗǝǜNJǛcǘǛǒǒǑǑNJǎǗǏǓǛǜǏǗǥǎǘǖNJ
ǑǏǖǕǒǝǗǒǡǜǘǐǏǗǘǛǏǕǒcǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǦnjǥǛǏǕǏǗǘ ǕǘǐǒǕǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǗǘnjǥǓǎǘǖLJǜǘNjǥǕǘǔǛǜNJǜǒǛǏǖǦǩ ǛǏǓǡNJǛǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǧǔǛǔǕǨǑǒnjǗǥǖǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǥǏǖNJ njǥǎnjǒǍNJǏǜǛǩǘNjǤǏǖǛǜNJnjǢǒǓǝǨǜǗǘǓǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓƹǚǒ
ǜǥǛǩǡǡǏǕǘnjǏǔƪcǙǘǐǒǕǥǟǐǒǜǏǕǏǓǍǘǚǘǎNJƶǘǕǘǍǒ ǝcǖǏǗǩNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǛǜNJǚNJǩǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǛǜNJǕNJǜǏǛǗǘnjNJǜNJ ǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǛǜǘǩǜǎǘǚǘǍǘ~ƷǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǒcnjǛǩǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔNJ ǧǜǘǖǔNJǐǎNJǩǜǚǏǜǦǒǖǏǏǜǖǘǎǝǕǦǚNJnjǗǥǓǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜ
ǘǜǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǙǘǔǒǗǝǜǦǚǘǎǒǗǝǒcǙǚǒǔǘnjNJnjǛǏNjǩǔcǛnjǘǒǖ ƬǛǏǍǘǗNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǝǢǕǘǍǘǎNJǜǚǒǩcǗǏǛǙǏǢǒǕǛNJǖǛǜǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǒǗNJǩNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǎǘ ǗǘǓǎǕǒǗǏNjǚǏnjǗNJcǷcǖǏǜǚǘnjƬcǕǏnjǘǓǘǜnjǟǘǎNJǜǚǏǜǒ
ǎǘǖNJǖǙǘǍǒNjǕǒnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǗǒǖƼǏǐǏǔǜǘNjǥǕǙǘǖǘ ǕǩǚǗǒǡNJǕǚNJǑNjǒǚNJǕǛǩnjcǜǘǗǔǘǛǜǩǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǘ ǖǘnjǗǏǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǎǘǖNJǖǒǎǕǩǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǐǒnjNJǗǒǩ ǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǒǟǘNjǘǍǚǏnjNJǏǜǙǏǡǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨ
ǕǘǐǏǚNJǑNjǒǚNJǕǒǛnjǘǒǒǑNjǥǒcǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǒǕǒǒǟnjcǎǚǝǍǒǏ ǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩƫǕNJǍǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǛǙǏǠǥǧǜǘǍǘǎǏǕNJƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ NJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǖǘǐǗǘǗǏǛǒǕǦǗǘǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǜǦǒǑǑNJǜǏǙǕǘǙǘ ǟǘǑǩǒǗǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǛNJǖǛǘǏǎǒǗǒnjǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǒcǢnjǏǎǛǔǝǨ
ǖǏǛǜNJcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘǒǑǜNJǔǒǟǎǘǖǘnjǒcǛǘǛǜNJnjǒǕNJǛǦǎǏǚǏnj ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǒcƻǏǚǍǏǓǂǏǛǜǘǙNJǕǘnjcǷǖǘǒǎǚǝǑǦǩǘǗǒ ǜǏǚǦǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǘǓNjǚǏnjǏǗ ǙǏǡǒnjǘǙǚǏǔǒǖǏǛǜǗǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǗǒǐǗǩǩǏǏǡNJǛǜǦǜǏ
ǗǩƫNJǎNJǡǫnjǘǡǜǘnjcǔǖǘǜƬǏǛǦǏǍǘǗǛǔNJƬcǗǏǓnjǛǏǍǘ ǣǏǎǚǘǎǏǕǒǕǒǛǦǛǏǔǚǏǜNJǖǒǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǜnjNJ~ ǡNJǜǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩƴǘǍǎNJnjcNjǘǓǕǏǚǗǘǓǛǜǘǒǜnjǘǎǩǗǘǓǗNJ ǙǕNJǩƹǏǡǦǘǍǚǘǖǗNJǩ cšccšccǖ ǗǘǗNJnjǏǛǦǎǘǖǏǏnjǛǏ
ǘǎǗNJǝǕǒǠNJǒcǢǜǝǔǎǘǖǘnjnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏ<<-cnjǏǔNJǔcǗǒǖ ƮǘǖǧǜǘǜǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǐǏǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǒǑNjǝ ǛǘǛǔNJǡNJǨǣǒǓnjǔǝǛǗǏǓǢǝǨnjǘǎǝǔǘǜǏǕǏǏǍǚǏǨǣǒǓ ǚNJnjǗǘǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǏǜǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǛcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǏǛǜǦ
ǙǚǒNjNJnjǒǕǛǩǏǣǏǘǎǒǗ ǗNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǒcǗǏǙǘǟǘǐƬǚǘǎǏNjǥǘǗNJǛǚǝNjǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩ ǒcǍǏǗǏǚNJǜǘǚǗNJǛǕǝǡNJǓǏǛǕǒǔǘǜǕǝǛcǗNJǛǘǛǘǖǛǕǝǡǒǜǛǩ ǏǣǏǡǝǍǝǗǗǥǓǔNJǖǒǗƹǚNJnjNJǩǘǜnjǟǘǎNJǜǚǏǜǦǎǘǖNJcǷ
nLJǜǒ ǖǏǛǜNJ ǘǜǔǚǥǕ ǗNJǖ ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ǔǚǥǢNJǜǏǛǘnjNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷǙǏǡǦǒcǎǝNjǘnjǥǓǛǜǘǕ ǘǛǜNJǜǦǛǩNjǏǑǧǕǏǔǜǚǒǡǏǛǜnjNJƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏƽǜǔǒǗǘǜǔNJ ǗǏǘǜNJǙǕǒnjNJǏǖNJǩǜNJǖǛǜǘǕǩǚǗNJǩǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩ ǗNJǙǏǚ
ƹNJnjǕǘnjǒǡƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǥǓǙǏnjǏǠcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜ ƷǘǔǚǘnjǕǩ NJcnǙǘǙǘǗǩǜǒǩǖǎǚǏnjǗǘǛǜǒcǷǙǒǛNJǕǒǛǜǘǚǒǔ ǑNJǕǛǩǘǜǢǒǞǏǚNJǒǕǒǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǡǏǚǏǙǒǠǥcǷnjǒǎǩǗNJ njǘǖǧǜNJǐǏ ǒcǛǜǝǎǒǩ ǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖ ƬcǖNJǗǛNJǚǎǏcǷǎǏǜǛǔNJǩ
ƲǕǦǩƽǜǔǒǗcǷƸǗǘNjǕǨNjǘnjNJǕǒǟǏǣǏnjcǏǍǘǎǥƶǥ ƲnjNJǗƱNJNjǏǕǒǗcǷǙǏǚnjNJǩǔǚNJǛǘǜNJǑǎNJǗǒǩǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǗǏǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜnjcǏǍǘǐǏǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǎǘǖNJ ǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩƬǛǨǖǏNjǏǕǦnjcǎǘǖǏcǷǛǔNJǖǏǓǔǒǕǏǐNJǗǔǒ
ǏǑǎǒǕǒǛǨǎNJǛcǙNJǕNJǜǔNJǖǒǕǏǜǎǏǛǩǜǦǙǘǔNJnjccǍǘǎǝ njcǏǍǘǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǒnjcǏǍǘǔǚǘnjǕǏ~ ǚǏǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǛǏǖǏǗǩǏǜ ǔǚǥǜǥǏǒǖǒLJǜǘǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǥǓǖǘǖǏǗǜǐǒǑǗǦǎǒǔǜǝǏǜ ǛǜǘǕǥcǷǟǘǑǩǒǗǛǎǏǕNJǕǛNJǖ

132 
23.
LG!

   

^<R "<VXR* VU)*VW'



TUX'XU")‰ J^)‰V^X
N *X*"WRRU#U VXUV*)‰V"
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

UNRJU V U`)‰RW X*N "<JUVUXUˆ





 
 3 UR ^~*V"U") ;U)RUV‰] XwX^Š

    


   a*R ;USVU'^ wN*‰ )UxRU #U"UXV‰
U<;X**'V"*RRUV- N*X*"WRRUˆ X.Š
     

 

V*JV^XUˆ *ˆ_ wR']VW a"*N‡
  (04 !" # <TRR‡ VJx* R "‡UJU' ^XU"R* SV
(% U!)V‰ VXUV*)‰V" R.UNVW "U

 
 3  TXR` <"<#*X'R- ^<R SV' wRŠ
']VW *NR`‡- ;USVU'^ VU _VU W<N*Š
)] W<R* V) !‡ UVRUV‰ J<"UwXUxN*Š
R] VXN`ˆ X^JU#U N*X*"WRRU#U
wUN_*V" JUX** SVU V*.RU)U#_R‡ˆ
<U"X*'*RR‡ˆ ;UN.UN J<'V*X)^
JUVUX‡ˆ ;X*NV")W*VW 'R* R*U!‡_R‡'
<RV*X*R‡'-

ǙǚǏǖǒǨcǷnƱǘǕǘǜǘǏǛǏǡǏǗǒǏ~ƼNJǖǔǚǥǢNJǎNJǕǏǔǘnjǥ
ǕǏǜNJǏǜǑNJǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǛǚǝNjNJǙNJǚǒǜǗNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǘǙǘ
ǚNJǟNJcǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǛǩǛcNjNJǗǏǓǕǒǢǦǟǘǕǘǎǗǥǖǡǏǚǎNJǔǘǖ
ƬǘǙǚǏǔǒnjǛǏǖǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǖNjNJǗǩǖǏǛǜNJǖǒǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗNJ ǙNJ
ǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǏǛǜǦǎNJǐǏnjcǙNJǚǗǘǓ NJcǘNjǣǒǓǏǏǘNjǚNJǑ
ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǛǔǘǚǏǏnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǓǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗ
ƼǘǏǛǜǦƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjnjǏǑǎǏǝǙǚǩǖǘǚǏǢNJ
ǏǜǘǎǗǝǒcǜǝǐǏǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǛnjǏǜNJ NJcǘǗNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ
ǘǎǗNJǒǑǎnjǝǟǔǕǨǡǏnjǥǟǎǕǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ 
ǒcnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǩcǷǙǘǚNJǑǗǘǖǝƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǗǏnjǥǟǘǎǒǜ
ǑNJǚNJǖǔǒǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǍǘcǷǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓǘNjǚNJǑNJ
ƪcǏǛǕǒǒcnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǜǘǗǏǎNJǕǏǔǘƮNJǗǏnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǚǏnjǗǘ
ǡNJǣǏcǷǕNJǞǏǜǗǘnjǛǏǐǗǏnǘǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǘnjǔNJ~ƮNJǗNJǙǚǘ
ǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏǏǛǜǦǔǚNJǗǗǘǙNJǑǥnjǥǗǒǖNJǨǜǜǘǙǘǚǘǖNJcǗǏ
NjǏǗǑǘǙǒǕǘǓƮNJǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǚǘǙǒǜǥnjNJǏǜǛǩNJǗǜǒǛǏǙǜǒǔǘǖ
ǗǘǛnjǘǒǖcǷǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǗǥǖnjcƻǏǗǏǐǛǔǘǓ
ǕNJNjǘǚNJǜǘǚǒǒƲcǜNJǔǎNJǕǏǏǁǜǘǐǏǔNJǛNJǏǜǛǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ
ɭ ɮ
ƬǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǗǘnjǏǓǢǏǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǘǎǗǘǧ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǓƱNJǎNJǡNJǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐ LJǜǘǜǜǏǟǗǘǍǏǗǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǗǏǜNJǔǘǓǝǐ Ǘǘ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǜǘ ǜǝǜ ǛǖǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǩǜ ǜǘǐǏ
ǜNJǐǗǥǓǎǘǖNjǥǕǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǨƯǛǕǒǝǐǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǚǏǢNJǕ ǗNJǩc Ƿ ǚNJǑǥǍǚNJǜǦ ǜNJǔǝǨ ǎǕǒǗǝ Ǚǚǒ ǘǎǗǘǖ ǒcǗNJǎǝǖNJǗǗǥǓǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘǜnjǘǚǒǜƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǛcǔǚǥ njcǙǚǏǎǏǕNJǟǙǚǒǕǒǡǒǓǡǝǜǦǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩǘNjǣǒǏǙǚǘǙǘǚ
ǛǩǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǒǑNjǚǏnjǗNJǜǘǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǖǏǗǦǢǏǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǏǓ ǧǜNJǐǏƸǎǗNJǔǘƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǚǏǢNJǏǜǏǏNjǕǏǛǜǩ ǢǏǓƪcǘǗNJǝcǗǏǍǘǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǝǕǏǜNJ ǠǒǒǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǨǜǛǩǔǚǥǢǒǚNJǑǎnjǒǍNJǨǜǛǩǘǔǗNJƷǘ
NJcǕǝǡǢǏǜǚǒƪcǒǗNJǡǏǑNJǡǏǖǘǍǘǚǘǎǍǘǚǘǎǒǜǦƸǎǗNJǔǘ ǣǏƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟNjǏǚǏǜǘǡǏǗǦǔǚǝǙǗǥǏNjǚǏnj ǏǜcǷǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǘǜǎǏǕǏǗNJǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǘǜǜǏǕNJǎǘǖNJƷǘnjǛǏ njcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǜNJǔǒǖǔNJǔǒǖ
ǜǝǜNJnjǜǘǚǥǖǝǎǚǘǙǘǚǏǢǒǕǒǡǜǘǝǡNJǛǜǘǔNjǘǕǦǢǘǓ ǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǚNJǑǝǑNJǎNJǨǜǎǘǖǝǔNJǔǘǓǜǘNjǘ ǧǜǘǗǏǚNJǎǒǘNjǚNJǑNJNJcǒǛǔǕǨǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǑǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓ ǘǗǏǣǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏNjǥǕ
ǝǙǕǘǜǗǩǜǦǛǩǗǝǐǎǥǗǏǜNJcǔNJǚNJNjǔNJǜǦǛǩǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐ ǍNJǜǥǚǛǔǒǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟnjǥǙǝǛǔNJǏǜ ǗNJǎǘNjǗǘǛǜǒǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǎǘǖNJNjǘǕǦǢNJǩNJcǗNJǎǘǔǗNJǖǒcǷ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖnjǗǝǜǚǒnjǛǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǏǏƮǘǖ
ǛcnjǘǑǚNJǛǜǘǖǟǘǡǏǜǛǩnjǛǏǖǏǗǦǢǏƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǖǘǐǗǘ ǒǟ ǗNJ NjǘǕǦǢǝǨ ǡǏǖ ǙǚǒǗǩǜǘ ǎǕǒǗǝ ǡǜǘ ǎǕǒǗǗǥǏǛnjǏǛǥǔǚǘnjǕǒǜǘǏǛǜǦǛnjǏǜNJǖNJǕǘƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǛǚǝNjǒǕǒǒǑǔǚǝǍǕǥǟNjǚǏnjǏǗNJcǙǘǜǘǖǛǜǏǛNJǕǒǒǟǛcnjǗǝ
ǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNjǏǑnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǟǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǠǒǓǡǜǘǒcǎǏ ǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǎǘǖǝǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒ ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǗNJǎ ǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓ ǔǚǥǢǏǓ ǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ njǜǘǚNJǩ ǕǏǐNJǣNJǩ ǜǚǏǗǗǏǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǙǘǕǝǡǒnjǚǘnjǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥcǷǜǘǡǗǘǜNJǔ
ǢǏnjǕǏǒcǗNJǎǏǐǗǏǏƷǝǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǖǘǐǗǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǗǘnjǘǏ ǑǗNJǏǜǖǏǚǝǗǏnjǙNJǎNJǩnjcǜNJǔǘǓǍǚǘǜǏǛǔǔNJǔ ǗNJǛǕǘǐǗǘǓǛǒǛǜǏǖǏǛǜǚǘǙǒǕNJcǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒcǷǘǛǜǏ ǔNJǔǎǏǕNJǕǒnjcǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǒǑNjNJǟƲcǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǜNJǖǠǏǗ
ǛǕǘnjǘnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏcǷNJcǧǜǘǜǘǜǚǏǎǔǒǓǛǕǝǡNJǓǔǘǍǎNJ ǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔǒǓǑǘǎǡǒǓƲnjNJǗƴǗǩǑǏnjǝcǔǘǜǘ ɭ N  ; B
 ǔǕǏǗǒǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǒcǎNJǏǜǛnjǏǜnjcǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǝǨǍǕNJnjǗǝǨ ǜǚNJǕǦǗǝǨǡNJǛǜǦǎǘǖNJǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǏǎǒǗǘǏǙǚǘ
ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNjǥǕǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǘǕǒǎNJǚǏǗǛcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖ ǚǘǍǘNjǚǏnjǗNJnjǥǕǏǜNJǨǜǏǣǏǒcǗNJǚNJǑǗǝǨǎǕǒ <! - R ǑǘǗǝǎǘǖNJƬǘǙǚǘǛǛnjǏǜNJǛǜNJǕǎǕǩƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJǔǕǨǡǏnjǥǖ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǛǜǘ
NjǕNJǍǘǒcǛNJǖǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǘǎǗǒǖǒǑǔǚǝǙǗǏǓǢǒǟǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǒǟ Ǘǝ ƬǜǚǏǜǦǒǟǎǏǕNJǏǜnjǛǏǙǚǘǏǖǥǚNJǑǗǥǖǒ ..< ǝǐǏnjcǙǏǚnjǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǒcǷǎǘǖǏnƫǏǚǏǍ ǕǘnjNJǩǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǖǏǛǜǘǙǏǡǔǒnjcǒǑNjǏǚNJǑǎNJnjNJnjǢǏǓ
ǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǘnjǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǘǚǘnj ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǝǚNJnjǗǘnjǏǢǒnjNJǏǜǧǜǘǜǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǓ ɮ R
  !  - ǗǏNjNJ~ 17 ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǚNJǛǛǏǔǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓnǗǏǞ~ƬcǛǕǏǎǝ ǜǏǙǕǘǗNJǘNjǏǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥcǷǔNJǖǒǗƹǘǘNjǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǘǜ
ƹǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝ ǐǏ ǝǖǏǛǜǒǜǦ njc ǧǜǘǜ ǘǎǒǗ ǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǏǓnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏcǷǘǔǗǘǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏ ! (JB: 
+- ?>>= ǨǣǏǓǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǏ ǎǘǖnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏƵǏǛǗǥǏƹǘǕǩǗǥ ǜǘǜ ǠǏǗǜǚNJnjcǔǚǥǕǦǩǟcǷǙǘǜǚǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǟǔǘ
ǧǜNJǐǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘǙǘǡǜǒcǔnjcǖc ǚNJǑǝǖǗǘǖǝǛNJǖǘǘǍǚNJ ǙǘǔǚNJǩǖcǷNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǖǏǐǎǝcǷǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǏ ǐǏnǗǏǞ~ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcNjNJǢǗǨǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǝǕNJnjǕǒnjNJǏǜ ǚǒǎǘǚNJǖǒ ǡǜǘǔǘǖǝǜǘǙǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjǘǖNJcǔǘǖǝ
ǗǒǡǏǗǒǨǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦǙǚǏǎǏǕ ǎǘǖǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǜNJǔǒǏǙǚǘ ƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǚNJǑǍǘǗǩǏǜǔǚǥǕǏǡǔǘǗNJǜǚǏǜǦǞNJ Ǜnjǘǒǖǒ njǏǚǟǗǒǖǒ ǘǔǗNJǖǒ ǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏ Ǖǝǡǒ Ǜc ǨǐǗǘǓ ǜǘcǷǑǎǘǚǘnjǘǓǑnjǝǔǘǒǑǘǕǩǠǒǏǓ ƬcǒǜǘǍǏǎǘǖǒǖǏǏǜ
ǙǘǚǠǒǒǔNJǔǒǟnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǏǣǏ ǛNJǎNJǘǜǡǏǍǘǘǗǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǗǘǗǏǙǏǚǏǛǜNJ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǒcǙǏǚǏǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǩǏǜǒǟnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǍǘǛǜǒ ǔǚǏǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǓǙǕNJǗcǷǩǛǗǥǓǒcǝǎǘNjǗǥǓƪcnjǖǏǛǜǘǞǝǗ
ǗǏNjǥǕǘƸǗǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǗǘǏǣǏǒcǘǡǏǗǦ ǏǜNjǥǜǦǒcǙNJǚNJǎǗǥǖnjǟǘǎǘǖƯǍǘǎNJǐǏǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦ ǗǘǓƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǔǚǥǢNJǘǔǘǗǡNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǜǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǜǛǚǝ ǎNJǖǏǗǜNJcǷnjNJǕǝǗǥǜǘǐǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗNJǩǙǚNJǔǜǒǔNJ
ǎǕǒǗǗǥǓcǷǙǘǡǜǒcǖǏǜǚǘnjƲcǧǜǘǗǏNjǘǔǘnjǘǓǞNJǛNJǎ nǙǘǚǜNJǕǘǖ~ ǝc ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ ǔǘǕǘǗǗǥ ǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǛǕǘǐǒǕǒǛǦ NjNJnjcNjNJǗǏnƴǚǥǢNJǖǒǚNJ~  ǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnj ǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǛǜNJnjǢNJǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǓǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǎǘǖ
ǡǏǍǘ ǗNJ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǖ ƻǏnjǏǚǏ Ǜc ǒǑNjǥǜǔǘǖ  NJc ǒǖǏǗǗǘ ǡǜǘ ǒcǝǢǕǒǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǝǔNJǔǢNJǛǛǒǝcnjǑǕǏǜNJǨǣǏǍǘǛNJǖǘǕǏǜNJ ǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǛNJǖǝǨǙǚǏǛǜǒǐǗǝǨnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǝǨ ǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǗNJǍǚǝǑǔNJǗǏnjǏǕǒǔNJ

134 
24.
#

  
  

SVUV NU'< U"X*'*RRU* "U;)U~*R*
VXN`URRUˆ X.V*JV^X‡ W;UR <JŠ


 
 
 
 VW- U! SVU' "N*V*)‰V"^]V "‡RU‡
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     ) :;<=> 'U~R‡. !)UJ U!Xw^]~* R TN* *XU#)TŠ
_*J* JU';Uw` w#R^V‡* ""*X. ^#)‡ JXU") Š
  0( !" #
U`X^]~*W <N"UX`' <!^NNVJ' .X'Š
(% ' ;*`T_*JW TUX' U;UXR‡. VU)!U" V*XX
<!)JURU" <VJx* )UxRW UXR'*RVJ x^XR‡.
;R*)*ˆ U#XxN*Rˆ <JXR‡ˆ `"*V TNU"-

ɭ ɮ
nƴǒǜNJǓǣǒǗǝ~ǑNJnjǏǕNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǒǖǙǏǚNJǜǚǒǠNJƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNJ ǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘNjǕǒǔǎǘǖNJǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǎǘ
--ǙǘǎǛǖǘǜǚǏnjǏǏnjcǕǝǡǢǒǟǎǘǖNJǟƻǜǘǔǍǘǕǦǖNJǒcƵǘǗǎǘ ǙǘǕǗǒǕǒǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǥǓǎǕǩǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǒǟǎnjǘǚ
ǗNJǍǎǏǜNJnjǘǑǗǒǔǕNJǏǣǏnjc<:--cnjǏǔǏNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǖǘǎǏǗNJ ǠǘnjǜǏǖǗǘǔǚNJǛǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǏǚǏ
ǡNJǏǙǒǜǒǏǒcǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǘǖǝǞNJǚǞǘǚǝƬcǏǍǘǎǥƪǗǜǘǗǒǘ ǢǏǜǔǒǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǓǒcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǐǏǑNJǍǗǝǜǥǏ
ƺǒǗNJǕǦǎǒǎǏǕNJǏǜƴǒǜNJǓǛǔǒǓǎnjǘǚǏǠnjcƸǚNJǗǒǏǗNjNJǝǖǏ ǔnjǏǚǟǝǔǘǗǠǥǔǚǥǢLJǔǑǘǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǙǘǛǕǏǎ
ǍǎǏnǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǘǍǘ~ǙǚNJnjǎNJnjǛǏǍǘǜǚǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ ǑNJǜǏǖ ǗǒǟNjǥǕNJǟǒǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǝǚNJnjǗǘnjǏǢǏǗNJǞǒǚǖǏǗ
ǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜnjcǀNJǚǛǔǘǖƻǏǕǏƴǒǜNJǓǛǔǝǨǎǏǚǏnjǗǨǑNJǔǘǗ ǗǥǖǙǚǒǏǖǘǖǎǘǖǘnj,32/%cǷnjǑǕǏǜNJǨǣǒǖ
ǡǒǜǏǏƴNJǖǏǚǘǗNJcǙǘǜǘǖǚNJǑnjcǕǏǜǏǏNjǝǎǝǜǙǏǚǏǎǏ ǔǘǑǥǚǦǔǘǖǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǍǘnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ
ǕǥnjNJǜǦcǷǜǘƻǜNJǛǘnjǜǘƶǘǗǒǍǏǜǜǒƷǘǔNJǔǧǜǒǙǏǚnjǥǏ ƭǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǘǍǚǘǖǗNJǩ cǔnjcǖ ǗǘǘNjǤǏǖ
ǘNjǚNJǑǠǥǢǒǗǝNJǑǚǒǜNJǔǒcnjǛǏǙǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǏ njǙǕǘǜǦǎǘ ǗǏǘǍǕǝǢNJǏǜǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǘǗǡǏǜǔǘǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏ
ǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠǥnƹǏǔǒǗ~ NjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǝǛǙǏǟNJǗǏǒǖǏǕǒcǷnjcǜǘǖ ǕǏǗǙǘǑǘǗNJǖǒcǙǘǝǚǘnjǗǩǖǀǏǗǜǚǘǖǛǕǝǐǒǜ
ǛǖǥǛǕǏǡǜǘǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǙǘnjǕǒǩǕǒǗNJǚǝǛǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ ǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǛǏǓǛǖǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǦƸǙǥǜǐǏǙǘǔNJǑNJǕ ǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗNJǩǜǚǝNjNJǔNJǖǒǗNJǙǘǎǔǘǜǘǚǘǓcǷǔǚǝǍǕǥǏ
ǘǛǜNJnjNJǩǛǦǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǖǒǛǜǒǕǒǑNJǠǒǩǖǒǗǏǙǚǘǗǒǔNJnj ǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗNJǩ ǗǘǗǏǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǘnjNJǩ ǛǒǛǜǏǖNJ ǛǔNJǖǦǒǒcǛǜǘǕNJcnjǘnjǛǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ ǔNJǔǒcnjcǎǘǖǏƭǧǖNjǕNJ 
ǢǒǖǒnjcǍǕǝNjǒǗǥǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǘǓǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǒǒcǧǜǒǖǛnjǘǒǖ ǍǎǏNjNJǕǔǒǝǕǘǐǏǗǥǗNJǘǙǘǚǥǒcǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǙǘǙǚǒǗǠǒ ǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǚNJǛǜǏǔNJǨǜǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǗNJǕǏnjǘcǷǛǜǘǕǘ
ǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǗNJǜǏǖǝƬǘǛǜǘǔNJǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǩǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘ ǙǝnǢǒǙnjcǍǗǏǑǎǘ~NjǘǕǏǏǝǛǜǘǓǡǒnjNJǔcǑǏǖǕǏǜǚǩǛǏǗǒ njǘǓǒcǔǝǟǗǒǗNJǙǚNJnjǘcǷǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJǛcNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔǘǓƹǚǒ
ǎǘǚǘǍǝǘǚǒǏǗǜNJǕǒǑǖǝ ǩǖƺǝǛǛǔǒǓǐǏǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǓǎǘǖǍǎǏNjǚǏnjǗNJǕǏǐNJǜǎǚǝǍ ǧǜǘǖǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǔcǗǒǖǛǘǙǚǘnjǘǐǎNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǎǤǏǖǘǖǗNJǙǘǕ
ƪnjǘǜǎǚǝǍNJǩǏǍǘnjǏǚǛǒǩcǷǩǙǘǗǛǔNJǩcǷ ǗNJǎǚǝǍǏcǷǛǒǛǜǏǖNJǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǒǗNJǩǒcǙǘǐǏǗǒǜǦǒǟ ǝǚǘnjǗǩǒcǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǎǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǓ ǔNJǔǒcǝcNjǚNJǜǦ
ǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏǙǕǘǎǘǜnjǘǚǗǘǓƬccǍǘǎǝnjcǁǒ ǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘƷǘǜǝǜǗNJǎǘǛǗǘnjNJnjǏǚǗǝǜǦ ǏnjƭǚǒǗ ǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩǛNJǖǘǏǝǨǜǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǎǕǩ
ǔNJǍǘǛǘǛǜǘǩǕNJǛǦƬǛǏǖǒǚǗNJǩnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJǍǎǏǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǘǖǝ ǛǩǔcƴǒǜNJǨǍǎǏǜǘǐǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕNJǛǦǔNJǚǔNJǛǗNJǩǔǘǗ ǔNJǖǏǚǗǥǟǙǘǛǒǎǏǕǘǔƻNJǖNJǐǏǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJcǷǏǣǏǘǎǒǗ
ǒcNJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǛǔǘǖǝǖǒǚǝǘǜǔǚǥǕNJǛǦljǙǘǗǒǩǑNJǜǏǖǛǏǚǦǏǑ njǏǛǦǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǡǏǗǦǙǕNJnjǗǥǖǒcǖǩǍǔǒǖƮNJǏǣǏǒcǔǘǖ ɭ ! #
- N  ǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǗǘnjcǛǒǕǝNjǘǕǏǏǛǝǚǘnjǘǍǘǔǕǒǖNJǜNJǒcǖǏǗǦ NJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜ ǔNJǔǒcǔNJǖǒǗ ǗǘǝǐǏǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚ
ǗǘǙǘnjǕǒǩnjǢNJǩǗNJǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǛǜǒǕǩǖǘǎǏǚǗƲǖǏǗ ǗNJǜǥǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǕǒǎǚǝǍnjcǎǚǝǍNJǑNJǛǡǏǜǘǍǚǘǖ #v  <;
- @G>= ǢǏǓǛǏǓǛǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǡǏǖnjcljǙǘǗǒǒNjǚǏnjǗNJNjǥǕǒǜǘǕǣǏ ǗǥǓǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǎǏǔǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǏǏ
ǗǘǙǘǎnjǕǒǩǗǒǏǖǧǜǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒNjǚNJǜǦǩƭǚǒǗnjǥǛǜǚǘǒ ǗǥǟǙǚǘǏǖǘnjƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǑǎǏǛǦǗǏNjǥǕǘǗǒǗNJnjǩǑǡǒnjǘǓ ɮ N  B: ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǩnjcƹǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǦǏnǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǒǓǎǘǖ~ ǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǔNJǔǒcǙǘǟǘǐNJǩǘǜǎǏǕǔNJǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǓ
ǕǒnjcƹNJǛNJǎǒǗǏǎǘǖƭǧǖNjǕNJ  ǡǦǒǗǏǛǝǣǒǏNjǚǏnjǗNJ ǜǏǔǝǡǏǛǜǒǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǓnǩǙǘǗ  

< %  ǏǍǘǛǜǒǕǒǛǜǒǔǝǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕNJǔǒǜNJǓǛǔNJǩǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩǟǘ NjNJǕǔǘǗǘnjnjǙǘǕǗǏǝǖǏǛǜǗNJcǷǏǣǏǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǗNJ


NjǥǕǒǗNJǩǙǘǗǛǔǒǓǖNJǗǏǚǜǘǕǛǜǥǖǒNJcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǏǙǏǚǏ ǣǒǗǥ~cǷǔǚǘǖǏǍǚNJǞǒǡǗǘǍǘǙǘǜǘǕǔNJǒcǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǍǘ (. R+ <;
- ǑǩǒǗNJ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǛǖǏǕǘnjǑǩǕǒNjǚǝǛ,32/% ǛǕǝǐǒǜǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǖǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǘǖǔcǒǗǜǒǖǗǥǖǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǖ
ǍǘǚǘǎǔǒǔǚǏǙǒǕǒǛǦǗNJǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓnjcƴNJǕǒǞǘǚǗǒǒǕǏǍǔǒǓ njǒǜǚNJǐNJƪcnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǘǔǚǝǐǒǕǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǥǏǜǏǚǚNJ 1420 NJcǑNJǜǏǖǙǘǢǕǒǙǝǜǏǖNjǚNJǜǦǏnjƭǚǒǗǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǩǎnjǏǜǚNJ njǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǍǎǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǖǏǗǦǢǏǑNJǜǘ
ǔNJǚǔNJǛƻǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǎnjǝǟǧǜǒǟǛǒǛǜǏǖnjǔǝǙǏǛcǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǓ ǛǥcǷnjcǘǑǎǘǚǘnjǕǩǨǣǝǨǛǒǕǝǛǗNJǗNJnjǘǑǎǝǟǏnjǏǚǒǕǗǏ ǎǒǠǒǒǡǝǜǦǡǝǜǦǙǘǎǘǍǗNJǕǒǘǎǗǝǙǘǎǎǚǝǍǝǨƬǥǙǝǛǔNJǩ njǏǣǗǥǓǖǒǚǙǕǘǜǗǏǏǒcǗNJǛǥǣǏǗǗǏǏƴǒǜNJǓǛǔNJǩǢǒǚ
ǘNjǚNJNjǘǜǔǘǓnjǥǙǝǛǔǘnjNjǚǏnjǏǗ ǘNjǜǏǛNJǗǗǥǟǗNJǔǘǗǝǛǒǕǒ ǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǙNJǚǞǨǖǏǚǗǘǓǒǖǙǏǚǒǒ4VSGXIV
njcǖǏǛǜNJǟnjǚǝNjǔǒǔǘǗǠǥNjǚǝǛNJǡǝǜǦǎNJǕǦǢǏǡǏǖǧǜǘǙǚǒ ǖNJnjǘǔǚǝǍǔǚǘnjNJǜǒǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǒǏǚǏǑǗǥǏǢǔNJǞǥǒcǛǜǘǕǥ
ǛǔǚǝǍǕǩǏǖǥǟcǷǜǘǐǏnjcǎǝǟǏǩǙǘǗǛǔǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒ NJcǜNJǔǐǏ +EQFPIǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǘǜǏǠNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnj ǗǩǜǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǘǗǒǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǒǒǛǔǘǖǘǏnjǙǏ ǙǘǎnjǏǛǗǥǏǙNJǗǏǕǒǙǘǎǙǘǜǘǕǔǘǖǚNJǛǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǏnjcǜǘǖǐǏ
ǘNjǒǕǒǏnjǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǓǖǏNjǏǕǒǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjǥǚNJǛǜNJnjǢǏǓ Ʒǘ ǝc ƴNJǕǒǞǘǚǗǒǒ Ǜc ljǙǘǗǒǏǓ NjǥǕǒ ǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǒǟǩǙǘǗǛǔǒǟǔǚǘǗǢǜǏǓǗǘnjƷǘǏǛǕǒ ǎǝǟǏƲcǎNJǐǏnjcNjNJǛǛǏǓǗǏǜNJǐǏǜǏǖNJǙǚǘnjǏǎǏǗNJnjǎǘǟǗǘ
ǒǑǛǜǏǗ njǔǕǨǡNJǩǎNJǐǏǞǘǚǜǏǙǦǩǗǘ ǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǛǎǏǕNJǜǦ ǙǚǒǡǒǗǥǒǛǙǘnjǏǎǘnjNJǜǦǛǟǘǐǒǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨ ǝcNjǚNJǜǦǏnjƭǚǒǗǗǏNjǥǕǘǛǜǒǕǒǑNJǜǘǚǛǔǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǒǜǘǜǝǜ njǏǗǗǘǒcǗǏǝǔǘǛǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ

136 
25.
% 
& ?
NUxN‰ ;)UaRUˆ ;*)*RUˆ V*J) <JXRŠ
wU" ;XUwX_RUˆ JX‡a "UJX*aW "<;'WV


 

  J;) NUxNW w T)‰'U" VXJU"JU#U <`XŠ


ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 
 V"*RR‡* W;URJ* ;")‰UR‡- SVU R;U'Š
RR* U! N** NU' "‡Xx*RRU* "<;XUVU'
  
  &
JXJ* <JVRUˆ JX‡a* WRU* <;URWVRU*
   ) 
 
 JJ N*VJˆ X^RUJ ;UVXU*RU "UJX^# J^!Š
  *% !" # V_*JUˆ JU';Uw` w _*X*N‡ U!Ž*'U"

(4 "WwRR‡. UVXU^'RU ;XU)Ux*RR‡' ;^VWŠ


' N]~' "Uw'UxRUV‰ <N)W ^*NR*RW

 )  
<N)W U!~*RW- (;  X 
+ \<A@ ?>>H

ɭ
LJǜǘǜǎǘǖǛNjǒnjNJǏǜǛcǜǘǕǔǝǔNJǔǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓ7MQQSRW ɭ 
 . - ƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǘǡǏǚǡǒnjNJǏǜNJNjǚǒǛǗǏǔǘǏǍǘǛǜǚǘǏ
,EPP   ƻǜǒnjǏǗNJ ƿǘǕǕNJ ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǡǜǘ njc ǘNjǣǏǐǒ U/$

 
  ǗǒǩLJǜǘǜnǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚ~ǒǑǙǚǘǛǜǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǛcǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒ
ǜǒǒǛǜǝǎǏǗǜǘnj1-8ǧǜNJǐǏǓǟǘǜǩǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǒǟ . ' ǖǒǛǔǘNjNJǖǒnjǘnǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǏ~ǒcǙǕNJǛǜǒǔǘnjǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓǡǏǖ
E



njǛǏǍǘcǷǙǚǘǛǜǘǔNJǐǎǥǓǧǜNJǐ ǒcǔNJǐǎNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜǔNJ ǜǘǙǘǟǘǐǗNJƹNJǚǞǏǗǘǗǥǒcƴǘǕǒǑǏǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔ
J
$ a- @GGG
ǒǖǏǏǜcǚǩǎNJǘǔǘǗƮǘǖnjcƼNJǚǝǛǏǜǘǐǏǘNjǖNJǗǥnjNJǏǜcǷ ƬNJǕǏǚǒǓƴǘǢǕǩǔǘnjnǚǒǛǝǏǜ~ǛcǙǘǖǘǣǦǨǛǔǘǜǡNJƷǘǧǜǘ
ǗǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǛnjǘǏǍǘnǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘ~ǘNjǕǒǔNJƹNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏ ǗǏǙNJǚǘǎǒǩǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǒǚǘǗǒǩNJcǛǔǘǚǏǏǙǚǒǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǏ
ǙǒǙǏǎǣǏǎǚǘǙǏǚǞǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǘǔǗNJǖǒǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘ ǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǓcǷǗNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǣǏǓcǷǞǝǗǔǠǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ
NjNJǕǔǘǗǘnj njǗǏǢǗǒǟ ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠc Ƿ njc ǎǏǚǏnjǗǏ ǜNJǔǘǍǘ ǗǏ ƪǜǘǡǜǘǧǜǘǜnǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚ~njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔ
njǛǜǚǏǜǒǢǦƷǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǙǘǟǘǐǏǍǘǎǘǖNJǗǏǗNJǓ ǗNJnjǏǛǗNJǎǢǜNJNjǏǕǏǖǩǣǒǔǘnjcǷǜNJǔnjǏǎǦǒcǔǚNJǛǘǜNJǗǏ
ǜǒǒcnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏcǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǗǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǙǚǒǟǘǜǦǙǘǕǝNjǘǍNJNJcǟǒǣǗǥǓǍǕNJǑǘǖǏǚǙǚǘǛǜǘǍǘǛǜǘ
njcƼǘǖǛǔǏǒcƲǚǔǝǜǛǔǏǏǣǏǖǗǘǍǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǕǩǚNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǙǘǕǗǏǖǘǍǒcǛǔǘǜǡǏǖǙǘǜǘǖǙǚǘǓǜǒǛǦ 
ǎǘǖǘnj ǙǚNJnjǎNJ ǘǗǒ njǛǏ NjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǥǏ NJc ǧǜǘǜc Ƿ ǔNJǚ ƬcnǢǜNJNjǏǕǏǩǣǒǔǘnj~ ǔNJǔǘnjǘǓǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǕǏǐNJǕ
ǔNJǛǗǥǓ ǗǘǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘnjǛǩǧǜNJNJǖǝǗǒǠǒǩ NjNJǕǔǘǗǥ njcǘǛǗǘnjǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǗǘǓǒǎǏǒ ƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓnjǒǎǒǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ǕǏǛǏǗǔǒǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ njǥǎNJǏǜǚǏǔǚǏNJǠǒǘǗǗǥǓǑNJǖǥǛǏǕ ǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨǚNJǛǏǓǛǔǝǨǗǏǚǩǢǕǒnjǘǛǜǦǒcNjǏǑNJǕNJNjǏǚǗǘǛǜǦ
ƵǏǛǏǗǔǒcǷǗǏǎǕǩǧnjNJǔǝNJǠǒǒnjǘnjǚǏǖǩǙǘǐNJǚNJNJcǎǕǩ ǗǘǒcǙǘǧǑǒǨǗNJǍǚǘǖǘǐǎǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǛǜǒnǗǏǡNJ
ǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǙǘǗǒǖǗǘǛǒǕǒǛǦǖǗǘǍǘǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǏǎǏǜǒ ǩǗǗǘǓǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǔǒ~ƲcnjcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒǛcǧǜǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǒǑ
NjNJǕǔǘǗǥcǷǗǏǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǕǥǐǒǒcǔǘǗǛǏǚ ǔNJǖǒǗNJƮNJcǒcǒǍǚNJǛcǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǘǖǙǘǗNJǎǘNjǒǕNJǛǦǕǒǢǦǎǕǩ ǘNjǤǏǖNJǎǘǖNJǜǘnnjǥǗǒǖNJǨǜǛǩ~ǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǜǘǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
njǥNJcǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǜǦǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǗǝNJcǜǏǚǚNJ ǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǎǘǖǗǏǙǘǜǏǚǩǕǛǩǗNJǘǡǏǗǦNjǘǕǦǢǘǖǒcǙǝ ǗNJǗǏǍǘnǙǚǒǕǏǙǕǩǨǜǛǩ~ƲǗǘǍǎNJǑNJǧǜǒǖǏǛǜǦǙǚNJǔǜǒ
ǛǥcǷǡǜǘNjǙǚǘǎǘǟǗǝǜǦǙǘǛǕǏNjNJǗǒ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǑǎǏǛǦǗNJ ǛǜǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǜǥǍǚNJnjǧǜǝǑNJǎNJǡǝƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓ ǡǏǛǔNJǩǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦ nǒǑǤǩǜǒǩ~ǗNJǔǚǥǢǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩ
ǛNJǖǘǖnjǏǚǟǝǡǜǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǛǜǦǗNJǍǚNJǗǒǡǝǎNJ  ǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǚǏǎǝǠǒǚǘnjNJǜǦnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǣǒǓnǙǏǚǏǔǘǛ~ ǛǕǒǢ ǨǜǘNjǚNJǑǘnjNJǜǦǝǨǜǗǥǏǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ ǒǗǘǍǎNJǗǏǜ ǛNJǗǝǑǕNJǖ
ƷNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩnjǛǩǧǜNJǖǒǕNJǩǛǝǏǜNJǕǒǢǦ ǔǘǖnǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓ~ǘNjǕǒǔǎǘǖNJ ǒcnjnjǘǎǒǜǛǔNJǜǗǝǨǔǚǘnjǕǨ ǒcǔǕNJǎǘnjǘǓnjcǘNjǣǏǖǜǘǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǑNJnjǒ
ǛǘnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǗNJǑǏǖǕǨǗǒǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗǒǕǏǛǏǗǔǒ ƴǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǜǘǐǏǕǒǢǦǗNJǖǏǔǗNJǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǨǒNjǘ ǛNJǜǦnǧǚǔǏǚNJǖǒ~ cǷnjcǕǨNjǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏǘǗǒǛǘǑǎNJǨǜǘǣǝ
ǗǏǛǙǝǛǔNJǨǜǛǩǁǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǕǝǐǒǜNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒ njǛǏnjcǗǏǓǒǗNJǡǏǒcǜǘǡǜǘǘǗNJǘǜǘǚnjNJǗNJǘǜǔǚǥǢǒǛǘNj ǣǏǗǒǏǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǒcǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǏnjǑǒǚNJǩ
ǗǘǒcǗNJnjǏnjNJǏǜǘNjǚNJǑǔǘǚNJNjǕǩcǷnjcǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǎNJǐǏNjǘǕǦ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǘǖNJǒcǜǘǡǜǘǙǘǔǘǒǜǛǩǗNJǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǟǘǙǘǚNJǟ ǗNJnjǗǏǢǗǨǨǑNJǙǝǜNJǗǗǘǛǜǦnjǗǝǜǚǒǎǘǖNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǩǛǏǗ
ǢǏǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǡǏǖǕǏǛǏǗǔǒǜǚNJǙǥǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǙNJǕǝNjǥ ǒcǜǘǡǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǗNJǒǑǙǕNJǛǜǒǔNJƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǧǜǘǘǜǗǨǎǦ ǒcǕǘǍǒǡǏǗƹǘǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǖǘǜǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗǘǓǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǗNJǟǘ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛNJǖǙǘǛǏNjǏǧǜǘǜǘNjǚNJǑǝǐǏǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑǗǘ ǗǏǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǚǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏnǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥǙǕǘǛǔǘǓǔǚǘnjǕǒ ǎǩǜǛǩǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǒcǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏǔǘǖǗNJǜǥƭǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǙǏ
ǢǏǗǡǜǘƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǒcǗǏǙǥǜNJǏǜǛǩǏǍǘǝǛǝǍǝNjǒǜǦǔNJǔǒǖǒ njcǛǗǏǐǗǘǖǔǕǒǖNJǜǏ~cǷǏǛǕǒǜNJǔǘǗNJǖǘǍǕNJNjǥǔǚǏǙǒǜǦ ǚǏǛǏǔNJǏǜNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǚNJǑnjǘǎǩǣNJǩǐǒǜǏǕǏǓnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJ
ǗǒNjǝǎǦǘǔǗNJǖǒǒǕǕǨǖǒǗNJǜǘǚNJǖǒǒǕǒǙNJǚǘǟǘǎǗǘǓǜǚǝNjǘǓ ǛǩǔcǔǚǥǢǏƸNjnjǘǎǩǐǏǎǘǖǛǜǘǕNjNJǖǒǙǘǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝ ǐNJǙǘǎǗǏǓcǷǔNJǖǒǗnjǛǏǟǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǨǣǒǓ

138 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ɮ 
 . - dheneg—
denp ˜e—pn ƒs{mf   
)  P  a- ?>>A

ƻǜǏǗǥǘNjǢǒǜǥǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǚǏǓǔǘǓǒcǙǘǔǚNJǢǏǗǥnjcNjǏ ǘcǗǒǟǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǏǗNJǘǙǝǛǜǏnjǢǒǖǔNJǚǔNJǛǘǖƷǘǝcƿǘǕǕNJ
ǕǥǓǠnjǏǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓnjǎǚǝǍǔǚNJǛǗǥǓƷNJ ǧǜǘǡǒǛǜǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǘNjǤǏǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜ
njǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǛǚǏǎǗǏǍǘǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǩǛǏǖǦǒ ǜǏǖǝǜǚǏǟǖǏǚǗǘǓǛǏǜǔǒǒǑnǗǘǖǏǚǗǥǟ~ǎǘǖǘnjƹǒǜǏǚNJ
ǗNJǜǚǏǜǦǏǖcǷNJǙNJǚǜNJǖǏǗǜǥǛǜNJǚǢǒǟǛNJǝǗNJǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ ƪǓǑǏǗǖNJǗNJ ǏǍǘǎǥ ǕǒǢǦNJǚNJǗǐǒǚǝǩǏǏǜǏǖǛNJ
nƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǑǎǏǛǦǛnjǘǨǙǘ ǖǥǖnǙǒǛNJǗǒǏǖǛnjǏǜǘǖ~cǷǑNJǛǡǏǜǘNjǚǏǢǏǜǔǒǔǘǜǘ
ǛǜǘǩǗǗǝǨǜǏǖǝǎǘǖNJǔǘnjǡǏǍNJcǷǙǒǢǏǜǒǛǜǘǚǒǔƪǗǗNJ ǚNJǩNjǚǘǛNJǏǜnjǗǝǜǚǦǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǏǜǏǗǒƽcƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǐǏ
ƫǚǘǗǘnjǒǠǔNJǩcǷǎNJǡNJNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǛǏǖǦǒǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗNJNjǝǎǜǘ ǙǘǍǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJnjcnǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚ~ǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǝǎǒ
ǒǑǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǝǠǏǕǏnjǢǒǟǘNjǕǘǖǔǘnjǚǝǟǗǝnjǢǏǓǠǒnjǒǕǒ njǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ
ǑNJǠǒǒ~ƬcǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǘǗNJǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǙǏǚǏǔǕǒǔNJǏǜǛǩ ǑNJNjǘǜǕǒnjǘǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǏǚǕNJǗNJǎǛǜNJǚǒǗǘǓǛǙNJǛǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ
ǛcǏǣǏǘǎǗǒǖǜnjǘǚǏǗǒǏǖƻǜǒnjǏǗNJƿǘǕǕNJcǷnjǒǕǕǘǓǗNJ ǞǝǜǕǩǚ ǔNJǔǘǗǘǘNjǥǡǗǘNjǥnjNJǏǜǔǘǍǎNJǗǝǐǗǘǖǝǑǏǏǞǒ
ƵǘǗǍƪǓǕǏǗǎǏ  ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǑǘnjǏǜǛǩ;VMXMRK;MXL ǠǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔNJǔǘǓǗǒNjǝǎǦǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ NJcǗNJ
0MKLX,SYWILJǜǘǜǘǐǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǒǑ ǘNjǘǚǘǜǛǜNJǚǥǓǖǝǎǚǥǓǎǏǎǝǢǔNJǟǒǜǚǘǙǘǛǖǏǒnjNJǩǛǦ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘnjǥǗǝǜǘǧǗǗǘǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǘnjNJcǙNJǖǩǜǦ ǙǚǒǔǚǥǕǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǚǏǑnjǘǍǘnjǗǝǔNJ

140 
26.
 0  ɭ w  w


B- N 

E -
 B %  
)  B 

< ' /
E

<J 
njǥǛǜNJnjǔNJǙǘǕǝǡǒǕNJǛǦǛǒǕǦǗNJǩcǷǒcǛǕǘnjǘǧǜǘnjǙǘǕǗǏ
ǝǖǏǛǜǗǘǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǛǜNJǜǝǛǜNJǔǘǍǘǐǒǕǒǣNJ
ǧǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǗǏǎǘǖǒcǗǏǎNJǡNJNJcFSEXLSYWIcǷǕǒǢǦǗǏ
 3 
UNRU w U;X*N*)*Rˆ X.V*JV^X‡ #)V _VU SVU
J^V"U U#XR_*Rˆ- "<U"X*'*RRUˆ XUˆŠ
&  % ,F



  +, ǔǘǏǜǚNJǗǑǒǜǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǙǚǏǎǢǏǛǜnjǝǨǣǏǏǙǕNJ JUˆ N*ˆV"V*)‰RUV SVUV ;UV^)V "<`*)U' R*JŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

" 

 ; 

   

  &I< ,   # -


njNJǗǒǨƸǛǘNjǝǨǙǒǔNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǘǏǔǜǝǙǚǒǎNJnjNJǕǘǒǖǏǗǗǘ V^)*R RU "UV "<NU'J. W.V'*RU" UR N*ˆV"^*V-
ǜǘǡǜǘǖǒǕǕǒǘǗǏǚǥnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦnjcǢǏǚǏǗǍǝǙǘǔǘǚǗǥǏ ”b• ")N*)‰`‡ W.V W")W]~*W wN*‰ wJw_J'

     
 R
  )B 
(P! 
+ * 
 njǘǕǏǑǘǎǡǏǍǘ njǘǜNjǥǜNJǔnjǛǏǍǎNJ ƪcǏǣǏǧǜǘNjǥǕǜNJǔǘǓ ;XRN)*xV J<JX^#^ N)W JUVUXU#U RUX'Uˆ W")W*VW
   $
 @ AB"  &  !-, V  J- ǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓǔǘǗǔǝǚǛnjǛǏǝǡNJǛǜǗǒǔǒǡǏǛǜ w#UXUNR‡ˆ NU' ;)U~N‰] R*JU)‰JU UV*R ™*)
(6C(-  &  (J +, ǗǘnjǥǙǘǕǗǒǕǒǝǛǕǘnjǒǩǎNJǜNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǘǡǜǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǗǏ R* V‡W_š J"NXVR‡. '*VXU"- ;URWVRU _VU "<NRRU'

 
 3    # 
 V  ǛǖǘǍnjǥNjǚNJǜǦǕǝǡǢǒǓǙǚǘǏǔǜǒcǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjǛǏ )^_* ;UVXUˆJ ;X*NRwR_*R‡ )a‰ N)W UVN‡Š
J &  (S-
     ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǒcnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǏnjǛǏǒǑNjǥ . ;U)* JVRW R W.V* <_VU '!` ")N*)‰`*"
%+
<(V  %+,
ɮ ǙǕǨǛǖǒǗǝǛǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǗǘǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǚǩǎǔǘǖ "<!U)‰aUˆ V*;*R ^NU")*V"UXW]VW 'Uˆ ;XRNŠ
ǒcǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǏǚNJǑǖǏǚǥǒǑǎNJǕǏǔNJǎǘǖǒǔǒǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǒǗǩǜǦ )*xRUV‰] J<S)VXRU'^ J)^!^ U!VV*)*ˆ J^XUXŠ
ǛǔǘǚǏǏǑNJǡǏǚǏǎǝǕǘǎǘǡǗǥǟǛNJǚNJǏnjǍǎǏǗǒNjǝǎǦǗNJƸǗǏǐ V ;XU#U"U- V*' R* '*R** ;U"‡a*RRU* "R'R*
ǛǔǘǖǘǑǏǚǏƯǣǏǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǎǒǔ ^N*)W*VW <UU!*RRUVW' X.V*JV^X‡< SVU *NRŠ
ǜǝǏǜǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǘǛǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǛǟǏǖǥƴǘǜǘǚNJǩ V"*RRU* _*' wN*‰ 'UxRU ;U'*XV‰W <U*Š
ǛcǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒnjNJǚǒNJǠǒǩǖǒǜNJǔǘnjNJNjǕǒǐǏǔcǎǘǚǘǍǏcǷ NU' ™;X"N V^`W ;XR^NV*)‰RU#U X"*RV"
ǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩǛNJǗǝǑǏǕNjǕǒǐǏǔcnjǘǎǏcǷǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ !‡) RX^a*R _*)U"*JU' JUVUX‡ˆ J^;) Xw^ VX
ǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒcǷǔǝǟǗǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǗNJnjǏǚǟǝ ^_VJ <wJw) ")N'X^ ;)UVJR^ ;XU*JV VX*.
ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǐǏǛǜǔǘǛǜǦǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜNJǒcǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǛǜǦǚNJǑ NU'JU" U*NR*RR‡. V*J)WRR‡' ;*X*.UN'š-
ǖǏǚǘnjǛǜNJǕǒǎǕǩǑǘǎǡǒǟǖǘǣǗǥǖnjǥǑǘnjǘǖǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ (;  X 
+ \<AM ?>>Q
njǛǏǛǝǖǏǕǒǗNJǓǜǒǚNJǑǗǥǏǘǜnjǏǜǥƮNJǜNJǔǒǏǛǒǕǦǗǥǏ
ǡǜǘǝcǎǘǖǘnjnjǘǑǗǒǔǕǒǑnjǘǗǔǒǏǒǖǏǗNJǎǘǖNjNJǩǗǎǘǖ
ǢǔNJǞǎǘǖǖNJǜǚǏǢǔNJ
ɭ
ƬǏǍǘǎǥƫǏǚǕǒǗǛǜNJǕǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǛǜǚǘǓǙǕǘ
ǣNJǎǔǘǓǖǒǚNJ njcƶǘǛǔnjǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǐǏ ǗǘǒcǏǍǘ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǛǜǘǕǒǠǏǓƯǖǝǑNJnjǒǎǘnjNJǕǒǒcǙǥǜNJǕǒǛǦ
ǙǘǎǚNJǐNJǜǦcǷǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƱNJǕǘǍǘǖ
ǐǏǝǛǙǏǟNJƫǏǚǕǒǗNJǛǡǒǜNJǕǛǩǍǚNJǖǘǜǗǘǘǚǍNJǗǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǥǓ
ǙǚǘǠǏǛǛƻǗNJǡNJǕNJƿNJǗǛǂǜǒǖNJǗǍǕNJnjǗǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ
ǍǘǚǘǎNJǙǚǘǙǒǛNJǕǐǏǛǜǔǒǓǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜǗNJǔNJǐǎǥǓǝǡNJ
Ǜǜǘǔ ǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǞǝǗǔǠǒǩ NJcǙǘǜǘǖǎNJǕǑǘǎ
ǡǒǖǙǘǕǗǝǨǛnjǘNjǘǎǝƻǏǔǚǏǜǐǏNjǥǕǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǜǘǖ
ǡǜǘǑǘǎǡǒǏǙǚǒǢǕǒǕǝǡǢǒǏ ƭǚǒǖǢǘǝǒcƺǘǛǛǒƴǘǕǟNJǛ
ǒcƫǘǜǜNJƿNJǎǒǎǒcƹǏǚǚǘ ǗǘǒcnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜǗǏ
ǝǔǘǛǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǥǙǘǕǗǩǕǛǩǁǏǍǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǦ
ǛǏNjǏNjǥǕǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ
ƺNJǑnjǏǡǜǘnjcǘǡǏǗǦǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǟǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǟcǷ
ǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗNJƱNJnjǒǎǔǒǗǘǖǖǥǛǝLJǜǘǝǑǔNJǩǔǘǛNJǝǟǘ
ǎǩǣNJǩnjcNJǔnjNJǜǘǚǒǨƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǛǔǘǓNjǝǟǜǥǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǝǐǏ
njǛǜNJǕǒǙǏǚnjǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǘnjƻNJǖǒǙǘǛǏNjǏǙǚǏ
ǔǚNJǛǗǥǏǘǗǒǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǜǏǛǗǒǕǒǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍNJǒcǘǜǡNJǩǗǗǘ
nǙǏǚǏǔǚǒǔǒnjNJǕǒ~cǷǔNJǔNjǏǚǕǒǗǛǔǒǏǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥƿǏǕǦ
ǖǝǜNJljǗNJƺǒǡNJǚǎNJƺǘǎǐǏǚǛNJǒcƿNJǗǛNJƴǘǕǟǘǞNJƪcnjǘ
ǔǚǝǍNjǥǕNJnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǗǏƹǘǜǛǎNJǖǏǚǙǕNJǜǠNJcǜǒǟNJǩNjǝǟ
ǜNJƼǒǟNJǩƼǘǍǎNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƯǐǔǘnjǘNjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩǔcƯnjǍǏǗǒǨ
ƪǛǛǝǛcǙǚǘǛǦNjǘǓǝǗǩǜǦNJǖNjǒǠǒǒǔǘǕǕǏǍǒcǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦ
ǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜǎNJǕǦǗǏǓǢǏǓǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǖǥǛNJƹǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǎǘ
ǖǒǔǒǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǘnjǟǘǜǏǕǒǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǗNJǛnjNJǩǟnjǎǘǕǦNjǏǚǏ
ǍNJǙǘǜǘǖǙǏǚǏǎǝǖNJǕǒǗǘǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜǘǛǜNJǕǛǩǛǝǚǘnj
ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷcšcnjǥǛǘǜNJcǷǖǏǐǎǝ
ǎǘǖNJǖǒcǷcǖǏǜǚNJ
ƬǘNjǣǏǖǙǏǚǏǣǏǍǘǕǩǜǦǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍNJ
ǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǥǖǘǍǕǒǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǛǡǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ
ǑǘǎǡǒǟǛǨǎNJǙǚǒǑnjNJǕǒǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǝǡǢǒǟcǷǔNJǔǝǐǏǛǜǚǘ
ǒnjǢǒǟnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjnƪƫǛǜǝǎǒǩ~ ǜNJǔǒcǗǘ
njǏǗǦǔǒǟǧǜǘNjǥǕǒƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƵǥǑǕǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƹǕǘǜ
ǔǒǗƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǒcǎNJǐǏƭǧǚǒǁNJǗǍǒǑƭǘǗǔǘǗǍNJ
ƷǏnjǛǏǙǚNJnjǎNJǛǝǖǏǕǒǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǜǦǛnjǘǒǑNJǖǥǛǕǥǗǘ

142 
ɯ ɳ
ɯ * 
 - N  !-   # 
-
ɳɴ

&<, N 
 E

ɰ * 
 - N  !-
;  % v$
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ɰ ɱ V  J-
N  (S%+

ɲ V  J-
N  (J +

ɱ
ƴǚǘǖǏǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJƪǛǛǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǒǕ
ǏǣǏǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǎǘǖǕǒǖǝǑǒǗ ǡǏǚǗǥǓǙǘǕǒ
ǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǒcNjǏǕǥǓnjǗǝǜǚǒ ǒcǎǘǖǔNJNjǚǒǘǕǏǜ
ǛcǙǘǔNJǜǘǓǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓǙǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǛǔǘǕǦǑǒǜǖǩǍ
ǔNJǩǢǜǘǚNJƷǘǧǜǒǖǒǘNjǚNJǑNJǖǒǝǎǒnjǒǜǦǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǘnjNjǥǕǘ
ǛǕǘǐǗǘƱNJǜǘǘǗǒǔǝǙǒǕǒǛǦǗNJȁǖNJǜǚǏǢǔǝƱǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓ
ǍǘǗǔǘǗǍǛǔǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƭǧǚǒǁNJǗǍǛǎǏǕNJǕǙǚǘǏǔǜǎǘǖNJ
ǡNJǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǛǔǘǕǦǑǒǕǒǙǘǚǏǕǦǛNJǖnjcǜǏǙǕǘǏnjǚǏǖǩ
ǍǘǎNJǚNJǛǢǒǚǩǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǐǒǑǗǒnjcǑǒǖǗǏǏcǷǝǨǜǗǘ
ǛǟǕǘǙǥnjNJǩǛǦƫǥǕǘǙǚǘǙǒǛNJǗǘǛǠǏǗNJǚǒǏnjǐǒǑǗǒǎǘǖNJ
ǖNJǜǚǏǢǔǒǑNJnjǜǚNJǔǗNJǛnjǏǐǏǖnjǘǑǎǝǟǏǔǝǙNJǗǒǏǙǘǎǘǜ
ǔǚǥǜǥǖǗǏNjǘǖǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǏnjǏǡǏǚǗǏǍǘǛǘǕǗǠNJǒcǜcǎƹǘǎ
ǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǗǒǟǎǘǖǔNJǔǜǘǖǏǗǩǕǛǩǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǏǚnjǥǏǑ
ǐNJǕǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǕǛǩǒǑǙǘǎǛǜǘǕǏǢǗǒǠǥnjǥǎnjǒǍNJǕǒǛǦ
ǛǜǝǕǦǩǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǘǗNJǖǘǍǕNJǘNjǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩǒcǕǏǐNJǗǔǘǓȁ
nƲǖǏǗǗǘǧǜNJǕǘǍǒǔNJǽǛNjǏǚǏǐǏǗǒǩǙǚǘ
ɲ
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǻcǷǙǒǛNJǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚLjǑNjNJǢǏnjcǷ ǟǘǜǩǛcǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǘǖnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǙǘǛǛǘǚǒǕǒǛǦǒcǝǨǜǗǥǓ
ǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǙǚǒǡǒǛǕǒǜǦǙǚǘǏǔǜǁNJǗǍNJǔcWQEPPWXYɨ?ǖǘǎ ǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǗǥǓǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǝǔǚNJǛǒǕǙǕǒǗǜǝǛǍǝǛǏǔ 
ǗǥǖǗNJƱNJǙNJǎǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǖǢǜǝǡǔNJǖǽǞǏǗǦǔNJǖǻA ƱNJǖǥǛǏǕǐǏNjǥǕǜNJǔǘǓǎǘǖǔNJǔǔNJǚǜǘǗǗNJǩǔǘǚǘNjǔNJǍǎǏ
ƬcǛNJǖǘǖǠǏǗǜǚǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǙǝǛǜǘǜNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ ǖǗǘǍǘǚNJǑǗǥǟnjǔǕNJǎǘǔǎǕǩǝǎǘNjǗǘǍǘǒcNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǍǘǟǚNJ
ǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘnjǥǎNJnjǒǕNJnjǛǏǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǔcǔǚNJǩǖ ǗǏǗǒǩƪcǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǞǒǢǔNJnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǗNJǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǝǖǘǐǗǘ
ǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJLJǜǘǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǎǏǞǚNJǍǖǏǗ njǥǓǜǒǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ
ǜNJǠǒǨǐǏǛǜǔǘǍǘǎǒǛǔNJǁNJǗǍǙǏǚǏǔǘǖǙǘǗǘnjǥnjNJǏǜnjǛǏ njǒǛǩǣǏǓƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǒǏǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥ ǒcǜǘǡǗǘnjcǜNJǔǒǟǐǏ
ǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǥǝǙǒǟǒnjNJǏǜǒǟǎǚǝǍnjcǎǚǝǍNJǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩǙǚǒǡǝǎ ǝǑǔǒǟǙǚǘǟǘǎNJǟ ǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǛNJǖǘǓǞǘǜǘǍǏǗǒǡǗǘǓǙǚǒǖǏ
ǕǒnjǥǟǖǏNjǏǕǦǗǥǟǖǝǜNJǗǜǘnjƹǘǎǘNjǗNJǩǒǎǏǩǚǏǔǘǖNjǒ ǜǘǓǔnjNJǚǜNJǕNJƫǚǨǍǍǏǗnjcǗǘǚnjǏǐǛǔǘǖƫǏǚǍǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǜNJǖ
ǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǩǛǚNJǣǒnjNJǗǒǩǒcǍǒNjǚǒǎǒǑNJǠǒǒǞǝǗǔǠǒǓǩnj ǘǗǒǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǏǣǏnjc<:cnjǏǔǏǒcǛnjǩǑǥnjNJǕǒǙǘnjǜǘǚǘǖǝ
ǕǩǏǜǛǩǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǓǎǕǩǖNJǕǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcǗǏǓ ǧǜNJǐǝǎǘǖNJǍNJǗǑǏǓǛǔǒǟǔǝǙǠǘnjƮǘǖǒǔǒǗNJǗNJNjǏǚǏǐǗǘǓ
njǛǏǍǎNJǏǛǜǦǡǜǘǜǘǘǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǍǘǕǘnjǘǕǘǖǔǒ~ ƫǚǨǍǍǏǗǘǜǕǒǡNJǨǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘǠnjǏǜǘǖǘǗǒNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǥǒcǘǡNJ
ƷǘǜǝǜnjǛǏnjǛǙǘǖǗǒǕǒǘcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǔǕǒǖNJ ǚǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǗǘǡǜǘǟǘǚǘǢǘǙǚǘǜǏǛǜNJǗǜǝ ǕǨǜǏǚNJǗǒǗǝ 
ǜǏ NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǎǘǕǐǗǘǓǧǔǛǙǕǝNJǜNJǠǒǒnjcƺǘǛ ǜǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝcǷǜǘǛǔNJǑǏǕǏǗNJǩ
ƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƪǛǛǔNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǒǓǙǏǎNJǍǘǍǗǏ ǛǒǒǎǘNjǒǜǦǛǩǘǡǏǗǦǜǚǝǎǗǘ ǒcnǖNJǜǚǏǢǔNJ~ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕNJǛǦ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǗNJƱNJnjǒǎǔǒǗǘǖǖǥǛǝǘǎǒǗNJ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǑNJǎNJǡǝǗǘǒcǛNJǖǎNJǕǖNJǛǜǏǚǔǕNJǛǛ njcnNjNJǩǗ~ƹǘǎǜNJǔǒǖǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǖƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǙǘǙǚǘ ǔǘnjǥǟǗǏǜNJcǛNJǖǥǓǗNJnjǛǏǟǗǏǙǘǟǘǐǒǓǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕNJƻnjǏǜ
ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒnjǙǏǚnjǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜǎǘǖǢǔNJǞnƮǘǖcƫǗNJǙǘǖǒ NjǘnjNJǕNJǎNJǙǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǙǚǘǏǔǜǛǘǟǚNJǗǒnjǒǎǏǨǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚ ǕNJǗNJƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJƬcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǛǘǛǏǎǏǓǔǚǥǢNJǝcǗǏǍǘǗǏ
ǗNJǏǜǙǘǘNjǚNJǑǝǔǘǖǘǎǔǚNJǛǗǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjNJcǷǗǏǛǖǝǣNJ ǖǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǒǗǘǘǎǏnjǏǍǘǠǏǕǒǔǘǖnjcǩǡǏǒǛǜǘǏǛǜǏǔǕǘ ǙǕǘǛǔNJǩNJcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǗǘNjǏǑǛnjǏǛǘnjcǷǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨ
ǏǜǛǩǗNJǑǥnjNJǜǦnjǏǣǒǛnjǘǒǖǒǒǖǏǗNJǖǒNJnjǜǘǚcǷǚNJǛǙNJǟ ƷǘǒcnNjNJǩǗ~ǗǏǙǚǘǢǏǕNJcǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǎǘǖnLJǔǛǙǚǏǛǛ~ ǣNJǩǛǔǘǚǏǏǎǘǖǒǔǛcǎǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǚǒǛǝǗǔNJǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǏǑǜǚǝ
ǗǝǜǥǓǔǘǍǎNJǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǒcǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǑNJǔǚǥǜǥǓ  ǍǎǏǛǕNJNjǥǖǘǜNjǕǏǛǔǘǖǙǏǚnjǘǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǑNJǖǥǛ NjǥƷǘǜǝǜǗǏǜǘǡǜǘǜǚǝNjǥǜǝǜnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǜǔNJǔǒǟǕǒNjǘ
njcǒǟǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏ~ǁǜǘNjǥǎǘNjǒǜǦǛǩǙǘǕǗǘǍǘǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǩ ǕNJǛǜNJǕNJǡǏǚǏǎNJǙǘǚNJǑǗǘǖǝǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǟǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnj njǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǟ ǡNJǛǜǏǓ ǎǘǖ ǛǕǘnjǗǘ Njǥ ǠǏǕǒǔǘǖ ǑNJǙǏ
ǘNjǚNJǑǝƪǛǛǚǏǢǒǕǗǏǚNJǑNjǒnjNJǜǦǔǕǏǏǗǥǏǙNJǗǏǕǒǙǘǍǘ ƽcǛNJǖǘǓǚǏǔǒcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǙǘǎǗNJnjǏǛǘǖǗNJnjǏǛcǷǜǘǐǏ ǕǏǗǝǜnjcǐNJǕǨǑǒ njcǚǘǕǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǎǘǛǔNJǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒ
ǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǒnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǔNJǐǎNJǩǒǑǗǒǟnjǥǛǘǜǘǓǛcǎǘǖ ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǏǣǏnjǥǢǏcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǓNjNJǕǔǘǗǗNJǛNJǖǘǖnjǏǚ ǠǥcšcǛǖ ƷǘǛNJǖǘǏǙǒǔNJǗǜǗǘǏcǷǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǜcǏcǖǏǜǚǘnjǡǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǕǘǒǟǡǏǚǜǘnjǛǔǒǜǩǐǏǕǥǖǒ ǟǝcǷNjNJǢǗǩǧǚǔǏǚƷǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘnjǚǏǑNJǗǗǥǓnjcNjǘǔǘnjǝǨ ǚǘǑǘnjǥǏ ǛǜNJnjǗǒ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ ǙǚǒǔǚǥnjNJǨǜ ǛǙǕǘǢǦ ǘǛǜǏ
ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǙNJǗǏǕǒǘNjǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǥǔǚNJǛǗǥǖǕNJǔǘǖǡǜǘNjǥ ǛǜǏǗǝǘǗǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǏǗǗǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǗǏǛǙNJǛNJǏǜ ǔǕǏǗǗǥǓǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎƸǗǒǒǑǘǚǍǛǜǏǔǕNJǙǏǚǞǘǚǒ
ǛǥǖǒǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔǚNJǛǗǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǘLJǜǘǜǘǐǏǙǘǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǘ ƫǘǕǏǏǠǏǕǦǗǥǖǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǛǩǔǝǑǏǖNjNJ ǚǘnjNJǗǥǕNJǑǏǚǘǖcǷǒcǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǕǩǔǚNJǛǘǜǥǗǘǒcǎǕǩ
NjǘǕǦǢǒǟǟǕǘǙǘǜǗǘǡǏǍǘǗǏǛǎǏǕNJǏǢǦǡǜǘNjǥǗNJǙǚNJ ǏnjǛǔǒǓǐǏǎǘǖnƴNJǚǜǘǗ~  ǍǎǏǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦNjǘǔǘnjǘǓ ǝǖǏǗǦǢǏǗǒǩ njǏǛNJ ƴǘǍǎNJ ǘǗǒ ǑNJǔǚǥǜǥc Ƿ Ǚǘ ǛǜǏǗNJǖ
njǒǜǦǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǏǢǔNJǞNJǔcǛnjǏǜǕǥǖǒǎǏNJǕNJǖǎǘNjǚNJ ǘNjǤǏǖcǷǗNJnjǏǛǗNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJnjǏǎǝǣNJǩǗNJǔǚǥǢǝƼǝǜ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǙǕǩǢǝǜǔǚǏǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǏNjǕǒǔǒǔǘǍǎNJǘǜǔǚǥ
ǒcǛǙǚNJnjǏǎǕǒnjǘǛǜǒǔNJǔǑNJnjǏǣNJǕƵǏǘǗǒǎƭNJǏnj ǔǘǗǠǏǙǜNjǥǕǙǘǙǚǘǣǏǗǘǒcǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǜǦǏǍǘNjǥǕǘǕǏǍǡǏ ǜǥcǷZMZIPEZMIIRVSWI

144 
27.
 M  Ʋc ǏǛǕǒ ǘNjǣǒǗǗǥǓǎǝǟ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǒ ǏǣǏǖǘǐǗǘ
njǥnjǏǛǜǒǒǑǔǕǒǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǏǓǜǘǚǝǛǛǔNJǩ
ǜǏǛǗǘǜNJ ƿƿ njǏǔNJc Ƿ ǙǚǩǖǘǏ ǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǒǏ ǍǏǗǏǚNJǕǦǗǘǓ

 
UR 'U# !‡ "Uw"*V *!* "<SVU' )NJU' '*V*_Š
J* '*xN^ '*RVURUˆ <'URV*Š J X)U RVUW~ˆ wŠ



 
   ǕǒǗǒǒǙNJǚǜǒǒưǒǕǒǣǏnjcƻƻƻƺNjǥǕǘǒǗǛǜǚǝǖǏǗǜǘǖ 'UJ- JUR*_RU R* <JUXRTJ' JU)URR' <JŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 ǑNJǔNJNjNJǕǏǗǒǩǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǩǒcǖNJǗǒǙǝǕǩǠǒǒƯǍǘǎNJnjNJǕǒǑNJ ;V*)W' RU RUX')‰R^] JUX!]wRJ^] "))^
ǑNJǛǕǝǍǒǒcǘǜǗǒǖNJǕǒǑNJǘǢǒNjǔǒǒǖnjǥǚǥnjNJǕǒǒǑǎǏǚǏ <!*)‡' V*R' !U)‰a' UJR'< R*<.^x*
     

 

njǏǗǦǒcǙǚǒnjǩǑǥnjNJǕǒǔcǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǝǛcǏǍǘǙǘǖǘǣǦǨ U*NJUˆ *Š @ >?Q ;UVXU*RRUˆ N"R*ˆ ;UNX^#Uˆ
  6 6 !" # ǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǒǚǘnjNJǕǒ ǡNJǛǜǗǝǨ ǐǒǑǗǦ ǒc ǛǕǏǎǒǕǒ ǑNJ ǒǗNJ <U;*XR`*ˆ Sˆ)R #X*ˆ- X*Nw*'RU'UXJW w*'Š
(4 ǔǘǖǥǛǕǩǣǒǖǒƮNJǐǒǕǦǏǎNJnjNJǕǒNjǏǛǙǕNJǜǗǘǗǘǧǜǘ )W VU#N *~* R* X"RW)‰ <wU)UVU' R X.Š

 
 3  ǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘǑNJǛǕǝǐǒǜǦǘǜǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏǘǜnjǘǏnjNJǜǦ V*JVUX* UR !‡ VU_RU SJURU') <VXUV*)‰R‡*
ǗNJǞǚǘǗǜǏǘǜǛǜǚNJǎNJǜǦnjcNjNJǚNJǔǏǒǕǒǔNJǔǖǒǗǒǖǝǖǘǜ ;UNXWN_J U_) !‡ w _*V‰ NV‰ JNJ^ R`UŠ
ǛǜǘǩǜǦnjcǘǡǏǚǏǎǒƲcǚNJǑǖǏǚǑǎǏǛǦǒǍǚNJǕnjNJǐǗǏǓǢǝǨ R)‰RU'^ #*R]-
ǚǘǕǦǘǗNjǥǕǙǚǩǖǘǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘǗNJǕǏǗǕǘǩǕǦǗǘǛǜǒLJǜNJ RU )* JUX!]w‰* <'U#U R_) R* U!X)W VXUŠ
ǗǘnjNJǩǛǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩǜǏǛǗǘǜNJǝNjǒnjNJǕNJǜǝǘcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǙǒǢǏǜ V‰ *!* "))^- R _*XV*x. "U] ;UVXUˆJ^ UR RŠ
LJǙǢǜǏǓǗcǷǜǏǛǗǘǜǝǛǘNjǘǚǗǘǛǜǒǛǙǕǘǡǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǛǘ w‡"*V Nx* R* NU'U' <JU'RVUˆ N)W ")*NxŠ
ǕǒǎNJǚǗǘǛǜǒƴnjNJǚǜǒǚǗǥǓnjǘǙǚǘǛǗǏǛNJǖǙǘǛǏNjǏǒǛ V^X‡< R*)U"JU* SVU )U"U U!UwR_"a** "‡*wN R
ǙǘǚǜǒǕǖǘǛǔnjǒǡǏǓǘǗNjǥǕǘǚǝǎǒǏǖnjǕNJǛǜǒNJcNjǝǕǍNJ N_^ ^~*V"U")U JU#NŠ VU <"<XU- N)W )* JUXŠ
ǔǘnjǛǔNJǩǞǚNJǑNJcǷǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǠǘǖǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓ !]w‰* ;WVRN`V‰ '*VXU" !‡) NUVVU_R‡' xwŠ
ǛNJǜǒǚǥNjǒǡǝǨǣǏǓǙǘǚǘǔǒǗǘǝǖNJǕǡǒnjNJǨǣǏǓǘcǜǘǖ R*RR‡' ;XUVXRV"U'-
ǡǦǒǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǥǛǜǘǩǜǑNJnjǛǏǖǧǜǒǖ UR ;X*N;U_*) "‡w‡"]~* JXU'R‡ˆ ;)R <JX_Š
ɮ
ƲǎNJǐǏǔǘǍǎNJnjǕNJǛǜǦǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǘǑNJNjǘ ~* JXU'R‡* 'V*X)‡- #*Rˆ T^RJ`UR)w'
ǜǒǕNJǛǦ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǖ ǐǒǕǒǣǗǘǓ ǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥ NUJw) _VU R NUV"a.W *'^ J"NXVR‡. '*Š
cǕǏǜǛǙǝǛǜǩǙǘǛǕǏǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǒ ǜǏǛǗǘǜNJ VX. 'UxRU Xw'*VV‰ "*< JXU"V‰ aJT X!U_ˆ
ǗǒǔǝǎNJǗǏǎǏǕNJǛǦNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǘNjǚǏǕNJǑNJ VU) XJU"R^Š ^'‡")‰RJ w R*Xx"*ˆJ <Nx*
ǔǘǗǗǘǏ ǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǏ Ǚǘǎ ǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǖ nǖǒǗǒ ^RVw w wR"*U_JUˆ- ;U *#UNRWaR' '*XJ'
ǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǚNJǑǖǏǚǐǒǕǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǗNJǡǏǕǘnjǏ UVa*)‰RJ^ R* ."V)U 'Ux*V !‡V‰ N^a RU "<V*
ǔNJ~cǷǜǏǛNJǖǥǏcǔnjcǖƪcǒǎǏǒƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǗNJ "X*'*R J<"UNR‡' ;XU`*N^X' UVRU)‰ !*w TŠ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǗNJǢǒǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǣǒǔǒǙǏǚǒǘǎǒǡǏ RVw'< "U 'RU#. ;XxJ. J"XVX. "RR‡*
ǛǔǒǛǛǥǕNJǕǒǛǦǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǗNJǛǖǏǢǔǘǓcǷǘǛǘ ;UW"WVW VU)‰JU _*X*w N*WV)*VW- ;URWVW ##*R‡
NjǏǗǗǘnjǥǡǒǛǕǏǗǗNJǩǙǘnƶǘǎǝǕǘǚǝ~njǥǛǘǜNJ !‡) R* '*XJRJ' N <w_*' "UU!~* J^;V‰W
ǙǘǜǘǕǔNJnjccǖǏǜǚNJ ǍǝǖNJǗǗǘǛǔǘǚǚǏǔǜǒ "<"RR* JU#N 'UX* ;UN !UJU'- q“ zk—k›egf \<@? ?>@A
ǚǘnjNJǗǗNJǩǎǘ ƿǘǜǩǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǜǘǎǏǕǏ
ɭ ɯ
ƬǘǘNjǣǏǜǘǛǕǘnjǘGEFERSR nǟǒǐǒǗNJ~nǛNJǚNJǓǡǒǔ~ njǛǏǍǎNJ ǗǏǚNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǛǡǒǜNJǕǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǚǘ ǘǗǒnjǙǘǕǗǏǘǜnjǏǡNJǕǒǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnj
NjǥǕǘnjǘǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǘǖǩǑǥǔǏǘǎǗNJǔǘƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǝǎNJ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖǎǕǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJƲcNjǘǚǘǕǛǩ ǕǏǗǒǩǖǘcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏcǷǜǏǖǛNJǖǥǖǘcǔǘǜǘǚǥǟ
ǕǘǛǦǙǚǒnjNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǒcǏǍǘƲcǔǘǍǎNJǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǗNJNjǒǚNJ ǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǨǖǏǛǜNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǧǔǘǗǘ ǙǒǢǏǜLJǙǢǜǏǓǗǍǎǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘNjǥǕǘnjǛǏǍǎNJnjNJǐ ǒcƴNJNjNJǗǘǗǛǔNJǐǏǖǡǏǛǜǗǘǖǘǐǏǜǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǕǨNjǒǜǏǕǩ
ǏǢǦnjcǙǘǒǛǔǘnjǒǔǏǧǜǘǛǕǘnjǘǜǘǙǏǚnjǘǓnjǥǙNJǎNJǏǜǒǖǏǗ ǖǒǨǝǛǒǕǒǓǜǘǏǛǜǦǑNJǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ ǗǏǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjNJ ǔǚNJǛǘǜǥǚNJnjǗǘǎǝǢǗǥǖƹǘǔǚNJǓǗǏǓǖǏǚǏǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ
ǗǘǘǗNJcǷǖǏǜǚǘnjNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǟNJǕǝǙǔNJnjcǍǘǚǘǎǔǏ ƸǜǛǨǎNJǒcnƮǘǖcǷǖNJǢǒǗNJǎǕǩǐǒǕǦǩ~ƷǘǚNJǛǙǚǘ ƲǔNJǔNjǥǗǒNjǥǕǒǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥ ƬǗǝǜǚǒǐǏǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjǏǛǦǖNJǛǜǒǕǦǗǘǏǒcǗNJǝǎǒnjǕǏ
ƺǘǔNjǚǨǗƴNJǙƶNJǚǜǏǗ  nƮNJǝcǖǏǗǩǏǛǜǦǑNJǖǘǔǗNJ ǛǜǚNJǗǩǩǛǦnjǢǒǚǦǒcnjǎNJǕǦǧǜǒǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǒǎǏǒ njcǧǔǘǗǘǖǗǘǓƯnjǚǘǙǏǖǒǔǚǘǎǘǖNJcǷGEFMRWNjǏǛǔǘ ǗǒǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǘǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘ
ƵNJǑǝǚǗǘǖƫǏǚǏǍǝcǷǟǒǟǒǔNJǕǖNJǛǜǏǚcǷƷǘǏǍǘǚNJǑǖǏǚcǷ ǡǜǘǜǘǝǜǚNJǡǒnjNJǕǒ nƹǘǧǑǒǩcǷǧǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǘǡǜǘ ǗǏǡǗǘǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǏǗNJǛǕǏǎǗǒǔǒƴNJNjNJǗǘǗNJcǷ ǘǗǘǏǣǏǒcǚNJǛǙǒǛNJǗǘǚǝǔǘǓǖNJǛǜǏǚNJƷǘnjǛǏǐǏǍǕNJnjǗNJǩ
cšc~ƲǑǗǝǜǚǒnǑNJǖǘǔ~ǘNjǢǒǜǞNJǗǏǚǘǓǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǜǏǚǩǏǜǛǩnjcǙǏǚǏnjǘǎǏ~cǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǕƺǘNjǏǚǜƾǚǘǛǜ  njcƺǘǛǛǒǒǧǜǘǜǜǚǏǗǎǏǣǏǎǘǕǍǘNjǝǎǏǜǛǙǘǜǥǔNJǜǦǛǩ ǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǦƴNJNjNJǗǘǗNJcǷnjcǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǘǖǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǒ
ǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǍǘǚNjǥǕǏǖƬǗǝǜǚǒcǷǔǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǜǘǕ ǒcǏǛǕǒǘǜnƶNJǚǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǏǎǒǗǒǠǥ~ǏǣǏnjǏǏǜǕNJǓǗǏ ǘcǜǝǜǚNJnjǖǝǐǒǕǒǣǏǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǗǏǒǑNjǏǐNJǕǗǒǔǜǘ ǛǝǙǏǚǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǔǘǚNjǨǑǒNJǗǛǔǒǟǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǘnjǛcǚǝǛǜǒ
ǙNJǚNJǜNJNjǝǚǏǜǘǔǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǒǔǒcǑNJǢǜǘǚǔǘǓcǷǝǗǒǜNJǑ ǚǘǖ ǎNJǚǘǖǡǜǘǒcǛǜǘǒǜǘǗNJǗNJǖǘǚǏ ǜǘǘǜǟǚǝǣǏnj ǒǑǜǏǟǔǜǘǐǒǕnjcƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖƻǘǨǑǏƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘǡǜǒ ǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǎǝǟǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJ
ƪcnjǘǜǗǒǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǗǒǔǝǟǗǒǗǏǜcǷǒcǧǜǘnjNJǐǗNJǩǎǏǜNJǕǦ ǔǒnjcǁǏǚǏǙǘnjǠǏnjǏǏǜǝǐǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǛǔǘǓǒcǜǏǛǗǘǜǘǓ njǛǏǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǏǖǒǗǒǎǘǖNJǛǎǏǕNJǗǥǖǘǕǘǎǥ Ƭ ǎǘǖǒǔǏ ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJ ǜNJǔǘǓ ǘǛǜǚǘǜǥ
ǜNJǔǘǍǘǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖNJƮǏǕǘnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘƴNJNjNJǗǘǗnjǙǕǘǜǗǝǨ ƼǏǛǗǘǜNJNjǥǕNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǙǚǘǔǕǩǜǦ ǖǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǖǒǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǍǘǘǗǒǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJǡǏ ǗǏǜc Ƿ ǘǜǡNJǛǜǒ ǔNJǔ ǚNJǑ ǑNJ ǛǡǏǜ ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjNJ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJ
ǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǏǜǔcǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗǝnƶǘǚǛǔNJǩǑnjǏǑǎNJ~ǟǘǑǩǒǗǔǘǜǘ ǏǖǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǐǒǕǒǣNJcǷǙǚNJnjǎNJǞǒǕǘǛǘǞƶǒ ǗǥǎǕǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǏNjǥnjNJǗǒǩǒcǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǘNjǥǡ Ʒǘ ǚǘnjǗǘ Ǚǘǜǘǖǝ ǐǏ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜ ǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦ Ǜc ǜNJǔǒǖǒ
ǚǘǍǘǖǏǛǦǏƺǏNjǨǜNJǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǎNJǚǒǕƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǔǝ ǟNJǒǕLJǙǢǜǏǓǗǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǧǜǘǖǝǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǘNjǘ ǗǘnjcǙǘǚǩǎǔǏǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟǚNJǑǕǒǡǗǥǟ ǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǖǒǖǒǔǚǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǖǒǔNJǔNjNJǗǒNJǖNjNJǚǥ
ǛǘǡǏǔǛnjǘǏǍǘǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǗǘǒcǔǘǚǖǒǕǑnjǏǑǎǝNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǏnƬcƴǒǜNJǏǛcǏǍǘǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǖǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǏǖ ǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǏǓƲcnjcNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǏǛnjǘǏǖǧǜǘǔNJǚǔNJǛ ǒcǡNJǛǘnjǗǒƬcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǡNJǛǘnjǗǒcǷǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗNJƴǏ
ƬǜǘǚNJǩǟǒǜǚǘǛǜǦnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǕƴǘǚNjǨǜǘǐǏǗǏǑǎǏǛǦ ǒcnjcljǙǘǗǒǒǛcǏǏǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǓǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǏǓǜǏǛǗǘǜNJǘNjǤǩǛ ɭ ^%   ǗǥǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǝNjǕǒǔǝǏǖǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜcǷǛǘ ǗǘǑǏǚǏcǷǒcǑNJǓǜǒǜǘǛǕǘǐǗǘǜNJǔǒǏǘǗǒǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǏƷǘ
NJcnjcǎǚǝǍǘǓǟǒǐǒǗǔǏǛǜǘǩnjǢǏǓǗǏǙǘǎNJǕǏǔǝǜNJǔǐǏnjǙǚǘ ǗǒǖNJǔNJǔǞNJǔǜǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǗǥǓǍǏǘǍǚNJ <VBB:
  J  - ǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏnjǘnjǛǏǟǛǖǥǛǕNJǟ njǛǏǧǜǒǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒnjǛǏǜNJǔǒnǎǕǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǏNjǥ
ǡǏǖǗǏǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǓǗNJcǖǏǜǚNJƷǝǒcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǧǜǘǕǒǢǦ ǞǒǡǏǛǔǒǒcǎǏǖǘǍǚNJǞǒǡǏǛǔǒƼǏǛǗǘǜNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒcǷǞNJǔǜ ?P % 
 Z[OOO< ƹǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǏǍǘǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǝǨ njNJǗǒǩ~ ƱǎǏǛǦ ǐǏc Ƿ ǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǥǓ ǎǘǖ ǎǒnjNJǗ ǛǜǘǕ
ǎNJǡNJǔǝǎNJǘǗǙǚǒǏǑǐNJǕǗNJǙNJǚǝǗǏǎǏǕǦnjcNJnjǍǝǛǜǏǘǎǗNJ ǖǏǜNJǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǙǚǩǖǘǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡNJǣǒǓnjǛǏǖǏǏǞǒǑǒ ɮ '

B <   ǣǒǓǟǒǙǛǜǏǚNJcǍǕNJnjǗǥǓnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǖNJǛǜǏǚǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǓ ǢǔNJǞǙǏǡǔNJǔNJǖǒǗǖǒǗǒǔǝǟǗǩǑNJǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓǙǏǚǏ
ǔǘǕǨNjǒǕǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǜǦǑǎǏǛǦǐǝǚǗNJǕǒǛǜǘnjǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǩ ǡǏǛǔǒǖǎNJǗǗǥǖƺǝǛǛǔNJǩǜǏǛǗǘǜNJǚǘǐǎǏǗNJǘǜǡNJǩǗǗǥǖ  .  NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƹǚNJnjǎNJnjcǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜǘǗǒǖǏǣǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǍǘǚǘǎǔǘǓcǷǎǝǢǝǗǒǜNJǑǝǖǥnjNJǕǦǗǒǔƯǛǜǦǧǕǏǔǜǚǒǡǏ
njǏǚǗǘǛǜǦǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǒǖǙǚǒǗǠǒǙNJǖnjcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖNjǥǜǝ ǍǏǚǘǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǛǘǙǚǘǜǒnjǕǏǗǒǏǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝǐǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǝ E    - ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǛǩǒcǧǜǘǘǎǗNJǒǑǙǏǚnjǥǟǙǚǘNjǜǘǙǘǚNJƪcǛNJ ǛǜnjǘnjǘǎNJǒcǔNJǗNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩƹǕǨǛǜNJǔNJǩǚǘǛǔǘǢǦǔNJǔǘǓ
ƭNJNjNJǚǒǜǥƴNJNjNJǗǘǗNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǘ ƹǚǘǛǜǘǚnjǘǔǚǝǍǗǏǘNjǤǩǜǗǥǓǍǘǚǘǎǒǛǏNjǏǎǘǖǟǘǜǦǗNJ X
  U 
- @GQQ ǖǘǓǙǏǚnjǘǓNjǥǕNJNjNJǗǩǗNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏ   ǗǏǜǒcǝcƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƬcǘNjǣǏǖǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩ
ǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǜǔNJǗǘǗNJǖnƶǘǎǝǕǘǚNJ~ǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǜǏǐǏ ǛǘǚǘǔǍǘǚǗǒǠǒcǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǎǏǢǏnjǥǓcǷǕǏǛǚǩǎǘǖǚNJǛǜǏǜ ɯ ) J - J - ǘǜǜǝǎNJǒcǙǚǒǢǕNJǒǎǏǩǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJƷǘNjNJǗǩ ǔǏǕǦǩǒcǐǒnjǏǜnjcǗǏǓǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǒǔƲcnjǘǜǧǜǘ
njǥǛǘǜNJǒcǢǒǚǒǗNJcǷǝcǔǘǖǗNJǜǥnƶNJǚǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǏǎǒǗǒǠǥ~ ƷǘǝǙǘǚǗǘǐǖǝǜǛǩǕǨǎǒǙǘNjǕǒǐǏǎǚǝǍǔcǎǚǝǍǝǛǕǘnjǗǘ 1952 NjǥǕNJǒǑǔǚǝǍǕǘǍǘNjǚǏnjǗNJNJcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖcǷǒǑǕNJǞǏǜNJ NjǚǏnj ǝǐǏǗNJǛǜǘǩǣNJǩǛǏǗǛNJǠǒǩcǷǎǕǩƺǘǛǛǒǒǍǎǏǒǗǛǜǒǜǝǜ
ƼǘǏǛǜǦnjǛǏǙǘǡǏǛǜǗǘǖǝcǷǒcnjcǜǏǘǚǒǒǒcǗNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǏ NjǘǩǛǦǚNJǛǜǏǚǩǜǦǛǩnjcNjǏǛǔǚNJǓǗǏǖǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǏ~ ǗǘǘNjǜǏǛNJǗǗǘǏǛcǎnjǝǟǛǜǘǚǘǗ ƼNJǔNJǩǚǘnjǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǒǎNJǏǜ ǗǏǛǜǩǐNJǗǒǩǒǑǚǩǎǗǘǎǒǛǔǚǏǎǒǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǡNJǛNJǖǒ&VIKYIX
ǒcnjcNjǘǕǦǢǘǖǎǘǖǏǒcnjcǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǖǒcǎǕǩǎǚǝǍǒǟǒcǎǕǩ LJǜǘǝǖǒǚǘǜnjǘǚǩǨǣǏǏǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǏǛǘ ǏǖǝǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǚǒnjǔǝǛNjǥǜǘnjǔǒcǷǔNJǔǒcǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǡǏǚǏ ǑNJ  ǜǥǛǩǡ ǎǘǕǕNJǚǘnj ǒc ǔǘǖǗNJǜǗǥǖǒ ǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJǖǒ
ǛǏNjǩƬǘǛǟǘǎǩǜǐǏǧǜǒǚNJǑǖǏǚǥǔcǔNJǨǜǏǘǔǏNJǗǛǔǘǍǘǕNJǓ njǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǘǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǙǘǕǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥ ǙǒǠNJǔǚǥǢǒǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǏǘǙǘǚǥǙǕNJǛǜǒǔǘnjǥǏǘǔǗNJƷǘ njcƮǘǖǏǗNJǗNJNjǏǚǏǐǗǘǓ

146 
28.
 HN
 

JUR`*;V< NU'Š  V^NW N)W
'U)UN‡. *~* )]N*ˆ- U"X*Š



 
 '*RR‡* RV*X*R‡* ;XUVŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    ..  XRV"*RR‡* X*a*RW-


VJU'^ NU'^ VUWV‰ !‡ R !*X*#^ UJ*R-
  .. 
 

)*< VUx* .UXUa** X*a*R*-
     ) :;<=>
  4 !" #
('

ǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ ƫǘǕǏǏ ǜǘǍǘ ǜǝǜ ǖǘǐǗǘ ǝnjǒǎǏǜǦ


ǎNJǐǏ ǜǏ ǔǕǨǡǏnjǥǏ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ
ǛNJǖƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjnjǒǎǏǕnjcǛnjǘǏǓ
ǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǓnƶNJǟǘǚǔǏ~ǜǝǜǒcnǘǎǗǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩ
ǛǜǚǏǖǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǔǚǘnjǏǕǦ~ǒcnǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ
ǝǍǕǘnjǘǍǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩ~ǒcǎNJǐǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǗǏ
ǖǗǘǍǘnǛǎnjǒǗǝǕǒǛǦǛcǘǙǘǚ~ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǎǘǖ
ǗǏǝǜnjǏǚǐǎNJǏǜǛǏNjǩnjcǙǏǓǑNJǐǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǖ
NjǝǕǦǎǘǑǏǚNJNJcǖǩǍǔǘǛǜǏǕǏǜǛǩnjǛǕǏǎǑNJǚǏ
ǕǦǏǞǘǖǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǩǗNJǛǜǝǙǏǗǦǔǝǔNJǐǎǥǓ
ǛnjǘǓǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓǘNjǤǏǖ
ƷNJǗǒǐǗǏǖǝǚǘnjǗǏǚǩǎǘǖǛcǙǚǒǟǘǐǏǓ
ǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǍǘǛǜǏnjǘǓNjǕǘǔǛǚǏǎǗǒǓǝǚǘ
njǏǗǦcǷǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcnjǥǟǘǎǘǖǗNJǘǜ
ǔǚǥǜǝǨǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǜǚǏǜǒǓǝǚǘnjǏǗǦǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǏǜ
ɭ
ƿǝǎǘǐǗǒǔƻǜNJǗǒǛǕNJnjưǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǛǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǖ ǎǘǖNJǛǘǛǗǥǙǚǘǛnjǏǡǒnjNJǨǜnjcǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗ ɭ X  a
 - ǟǘǑǩǓǛǔǝǨǛǙNJǕǦǗǨǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǥǓǛNJ
ǙǏnjǠǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǙǚǘnjǒǗǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǓǝǛNJǎǦNjǥNJcǧǕǏǍǒ ǗǥǟǝǍǕNJǟǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǘǙǘǚǥǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜ N  . <) P$ - ǖǥǓǗǒǐǗǒǓcǷǛNJǝǗNJǒcǜǚǏǗNJǐǏǚǗǥǓǑNJǕƬcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǟ
ǡǏǛǔǘǏǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǙǚǘǗǒǑǥnjNJǨǣǏǏnjǛǏǏǍǘǔNJǚǜǒǗǥ ǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩcǷǛǘǛǗNJǖǒƴNJǖǒǗǡǦǩǙǕǘ 1925 ǛǘǟǚNJǗǏǗnjǥNjǏǕǏǗǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǎǏǚǏnjNJǛcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǝǎNJǡǗǘ
ǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘnjǏǎǥǛnjǩǑǥnjNJǨǜǛcǙǚǏǎǡǝnjǛǜnjǒǏǖǛǔǘǚǘǍǘ ǛǔǘǛǜǦnjǥǚǘnjǗǏǗNJǛcǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦǨǘǛǜǏ ɮ 
  x 
- ǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǒǚǝǨǜǜǏǖǗǥǓǙǘǕǒcǖǏNjǏǕǦƲcnjǛǏǚǘnjǗǘǗNJǘ
ǏǏǑNJǔNJǜNJƸǗǚǏǎǔǘǙǒǛNJǕǎǘǖNJǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǙǚǏǎǙǘǡǒǜNJǩ ǔǕǏǗǒǩǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǔǘǛǜǏǚnjǑǩ "
 
- @G@I NjǘǚǘǜcǷǜǏǖǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǒcǛnjǏǜǕNJǩǖǏNjǏǕǦcǷnjcǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǖ
ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥǒǟǘǜǩǕǨǎǏǓǗNJǧǜǒǟǔNJǚǜǒǗNJǟǗǏǜNJcǏǛǜǦ ǜǥǓnjcǚNJǖǝǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘǖƪcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒ ǎǘǖǏƮǐǏǓǖǛNJƿNJǝ  ƺǝǎǘǕǦǞNJǂǒǗǎǕǏǚNJǔǘǜǘ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǖǏNjǏǕǦǒcǙǘǚǜǚǏǜǥǗNJǛǜǏǗNJǟǧǜǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǥǗǏǔNJ ǗNJǘǔǗNJǟnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǔNJǔNjNJǍǏǜ ǚǥǓǙǘnjǛǏǖǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǝǗǔǜNJǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǥǖ
ǐǝǜǛǩǖǝǑǏǏǞǒǠǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǒǘǔǗNJǗNJǚNJǛǙNJǢǔǝǒcnjcǗǒǟ ƹǏǓǑNJǐǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜ ǙǚǏǎǜǏǡǏǓǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǘǍǘǘǛǘNjǗǩǔNJƮǘǖƿNJǝǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗ
ǕǘǖǒǜǛǩnjǏǛǗNJưǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǛǜNJǕǕǨNjǒǖǥǖ ǛǩǒcnjcǔǘǕǘǚǒǛǜǒǔǏǎǘǖNJǎnjNJǏǍǘǠnjǏǜNJ njcƵǘǛƪǗǎǐǏǕǏǛǏnjcǚNJǓǘǗǏƻǏǚǏNjǚǩǗǘǍǘǘǑǏǚNJǙǚNJǔ
ǍǏǚǘǏǖNJǝǔǠǒǘǗǘnjnjcǏǍǘǎǥǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǙǘnjǏǛǦǏǍǘ ǔǘǚǒǡǗǏnjǥǓǒcǛǏǚǥǓ cǷǘǜǜǏǗǔǒǑǎǏǢ ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǗNJǘNjǚǥnjǏǒcǒǖǏǗǗǘǚǏǕǦǏǞǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǍǕNJnj
ǗNJǛǜǏǗǝcǷǒcnjǛǩǜNJǐǒǑǗǦnjǏǚǗǏǜǛǩǒcǙǘnjǜǘǚǒǜǛǩnjǛǏ ǗǒǟǛǘǛǏǗƪcnjcǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǘǜ ǗǥǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǖǕǒǠǘǖƴǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǩcǷǜǘǐǏǗNJNjǘǚ
ǒcnjǛǏǎǘnjǘǙǕǘǜǒǜǛǩ ǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚǏǕǦǏǞǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘ ǔǝNjǒǔǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǚNJǛǛǥǙNJǨǜǛǩǙǘǘNjǚǥnjǝNJcǠǏǗǜǚǘǖ
Ʒǘ ưǝǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘ ǗNJ njǛǏǟ ǗǏ ǟnjNJǜǒǜ njNJnjǢǒǓ ǡǏǜǥǚǏ ǝǚǘnjǗǩ ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓ ǎǘǖNJǜNJǔǐǏǛǕǝǐǒǜǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǔNJǖǒǗǘǖƺǏǕǦǏǞǎNJǏǜ
NJcǛǘǕǗǠǏ ǑǏǕǏǗǦ ǒc njǏǛǗNJ ǗǒǔǝǎNJ ǗǏ ǎǏǕǒǛǦc Ƿ ǒc njǘǜ ǗǘǒcǙǕNJǗǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǏǍǘǞǘǚǖǝǙǘnjǜǘ ǂǒǗǎǕǏǚǝǙǘnjǘǎǒǍǚNJǜǦǛcǝǚǘnjǗǩǖǒǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨNjǝǔ
ǝǐǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǛǜNJǚNJǨǜǛǩǙǘǓǖNJǜǦǜǘ ǚǩǏǜǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǒǑǕǘǖnjcǙǕNJǗǏǎǘǖNJ njǘǓnƭ~ǘǔǚǝǐNJǏǜNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦ njǎǘǖǏ,32/%ǜNJǔǝǨǐǏ
njǘǕǢǏNjǗǘǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǡNJǚǝǏǜnjcǏǍǘǔNJǚǜǒǗNJǟ ƷǘǛNJǖǘǏnjNJǐǗǘǏcǷǧǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǎǒNJǕǘǍǛcǚǏǕǦǏǞǘǖ ǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǩǜǝǨNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓ 
ƲcǛǜǚǘǩǜǛnjǘǒǎǘǖNJǔNJǔǚNJǖǥnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǙǚǒǚǘǎNJNjǝ ƬcǎǘǖǏǏǛǜǦǖǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǖǏǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJǔǚǝǙǗNJǩǔǝNjNJ NJcǔcnjǒǎNJǖǎǘǖǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǨnjǥnjǘǎǒǜǗNJǔǘǜǘ
ǎǏǜǔǚNJǛǘǨnjǏǡǗǘǨǛǒǩǜǦƬcǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǘǓǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǧǜǘǍǘ ǜǝǚNJǘNjǤǏǖǘnjǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏnjǒǜǚNJǐǒNJǔǜǒnjǗNJǩnǙNJǕǝNjNJ~ ǚǝǨǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǓǝǍǘǕ

148 
29.
*   
N*W NU'Š  JV "UwRJ) ;X R)w*
^_VJ ;UN VXUV*)‰V"U- *NRV"*RŠ



  +, RU* "U!UNRU* UV N*X*"‰*" <J^VXRŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   



3 J '*VU !‡)U '*RRU VJUˆ TUX'‡ JJU* *ˆ_
wR'*V wNR*- U!Xw X‡!‡Š  JV "UwRJ Xw^
    
<"<;XU`** ;XU*JVXU"RW N*W R*<w'*R)‰-
     

 ' V*X) JXU") "‡!XRR‡ˆ R' N*)‰RU ;UŠ
  NUa*) J<V*'*- !)#UNXW _*a^ˆ_VU'^ ;UJX‡V]

  6'( !" # #URV^ JX‡a N*ˆV"V*)‰RU R;U'R*V x"Uˆ


U X#Rw'- *NRV"*RRW )UxRUV‰ "UwRJ) ;X
('
U*NR*R JXU") #Xx <JXU") NU' VJ JJ

   
wN*‰ "UwRJ) ;U"*X.RUV‰ N"UWJUˆ JX"wR‡-
SV^ _V‰ ;Xa)U‰ 'J*VXU"V‰ R '*V* ;UVU'^
_VU ;XU_VV‰ ** !‡)U R*"Uw'UxRU-

ƵǏǖǏǟǔǚǘnjǏǕǦǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕnjcnjǒǎǏǑNJǘ
ǛǜǚǏǗǗǥǟǎǘǣǏǡǏǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǩ
ɭ ɮ
ǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǚǩǎNJǖǒǛcǗNJǙǝǛǔǘǖnjǏǚǟ ɭ N   ! 
ǗǒǟǗNJǗǒǐǗǒǏnjcǛǒǕǝǜǚǝǎǘǏǖǔǘǛǜǒǛnjǘǏǍǘ  R%  a- @==I
ǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩNjǥǕnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖǜǩǐǏ ɮ  /
ǕǘǍǘǜǚǝǎNJǘǜǛǨǎNJǙǘǍǘnjǘǚǔNJnƹǏǚǏǔǘnjNJǜǦ   < *  -
ǕǏǖǏǟǗNJǛnjNJǓǔǝ~ǜǘǏǛǜǦNjǚǘǛǒǜǦǚNJNjǘǜǝ R ZOZ<
ǚNJǎǒǒǍǚǥǒǕǒǑNJǍǝǕNJƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘǔǚǥnjNJǕǒ
ǒǖǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǛǘNjǘnjNJǐǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒcǷǜNJǔǒǏ
ǔNJǔǔǝǙǘǕNJǟǚNJǖǘnjƸǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǔǚNJǛǒnjNjǥǕ
ǘǛǒǗǘnjǥǓǎǗǏǖǘǗǛǏǚǏNjǚǒǜǛǩNJcǗNJǑNJǔNJǜǏ
ǘǜǕǒnjNJǏǜǑǘǕǘǜǘǖȁƻǖǥǛǕǐǏǏǍǘǙǚǒǖǏǗǏ
ǗǒǩNjǥǕnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǖǏǕǔǒǖǒǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒǙǚǘ
ǣǏǘNjǕǒǠǏnjNJǜǦǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘ
ǛǜǒǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǩǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǞǘǚǖǝ
ƮǚǝǍNJǩǚNJǑǗǘnjǒǎǗǘǛǜǦǎǏ ƷǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦ ǒǑǘǍǗǝǜǦǛǩ njǘǑǗǒǔ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǡǏǚǏǙǒǠǥNjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǛǜNJǩcǷǍǘǗǜ ǕNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǒǑǑNJǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǘǗNjǥǕǔǚǒnjǘǓǒcǗǏǕǏǙǥǓ
ƲǖǔǚǥǕǒǔǚǥǢǒǗǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǘǗǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏ ǟǘǜǩnjǙǏǚǏǎǒǖǏǚǠNJǕNJǖNJǗǩǣNJǩǍǕNJǎǦnjǘǎǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣNJ
NjǥǕǜNJǔǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǏǗǔNJǔnjcƻǂƪcǷǔNJǔnjcǛǒǕǝ ƴcnjǘǎǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǙǘǗǒǐNJǕǛǩƻǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏ
ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǜNJǔǒcnjcǛǒǕǝnjǛǏǜǘǓǐǏǜǚǝǎǘǏǖ ǎnjǝǟǧǜǒǟǒǛǔǚǒnjǕǏǗǒǓǒcǑNJǛǜNJnjǒǕǘǎǘǖǒǑǘǍǗǝǜǦǛǩǗǏ
ǔǘǛǜǒǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩƪcǜNJǔǐǏǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘ ǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǙǕNJǗǏǗǘǒcnjcǚNJǑǚǏǑǏƪcǝǐǏǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦ
ǛǜǒǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǘǍǘǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǩǒcǑNJǖǏǗǥ Ǚǘǎ ǔNJǔǜǘǝǙNJǔǘnjNJǜǦǧǜǒnjǏǔǜǘǚǥǒcnjǥǑnjNJǕNJǔcǐǒǑǗǒǍǘǗǜ
ǔǘnjNJǜǦNjǕǘǟǝcǷǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǛǜNJNJcnjǘǜǎǘǕǍǘ ƷǘǏǛǕǒnjcǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǖǎǘǖǏƲǛNJNJǔNJƫǏǕǕNJnjcƷǦǨǙǘǚǜǏ
ǒcǑNJNjǘǜǕǒnjǘǧǔǛǙǕǝNJǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǏǏcǷǧǜǘǝǐǏ  ǍǘǗǜǒǑǩǣǗǘǘNjǜǏǔNJǏǜǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjǥǛǜǝǙǘnjǜǘ
ǗǏǔcǗNJǖ ƬcǂǜNJǜNJǟǐǏǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǍǘǗǜNJcǷ ǑǎǏǛǦNjǥǕNJǑNJǎNJǡNJǛǖǩǍǡǒǜǦǙǘnjǘǚǘǜǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩNJǐ
WLMRKPIcǷǎNJǕǘǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǠǏǕǘǖǝǛǜǒǕǨǔǘ ǗNJcǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjnƴǘǍǎNJǖǥnjǙǏǚnjǥǏǝnjǒǎǏǕǒǧǛǔǒǑǥ
ǜǘǚǥǓnjǘǑǗǒǔnjcǏǍǘǎǥǗNJƬǘǛǜǘǡǗǘǖ ǗNJǖǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǖNJǕǘnjǏǚǘǩǜǗǥǖnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏǔǚǘnjǕǒ
ǙǘNjǏǚǏǐǦǏǒcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǚNJǛǠnjǏǕnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿ njcǜNJǔǘǖnjǒǎǏcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƶǒǟNJǒǕƫǘǕǎǥǚǏnjǍǕNJnj
njǏǔNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcƪǖǏǚǒǔǏǍǘǗǜǘǖǔǚǥǕǒǗǏ ǗǥǓǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǒǽƬǒǜǏǗǦƻǜǚǘǓǻcǷƸǗNJNjǥǕNJ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǔǚǥǢǒǗǘǒcǛǜǏǗǥcǷǎǘǖǑNJǢǒǜǥǓǒǖǠǏǕǒǔǘǖ ǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǩcǷǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǗǏ ǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǒcǔNJǔNjǥǘNjǜǏǔNJǕNJǑǎNJǗǒǏǖǏǗǩǩ
ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǘNjǚǏǜNJǕǗǏǔǘǏǗǘnjǘǏǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏ ǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǗǏǢǗǒǖǒǞǘǚǖNJǖǒǗǘǒcNjǥǜǘnjNJǗǒǏǖcǷǘNjǚǏ ǚNJǎǒǝǛǥǒcnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǜǖǏǜǔǒƴǚǥǢǒǗǏǙǚNJnjǒǕǦ
ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǡǜǘǘǙǚNJnjǎǥnjNJǕǘǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩǛǕǘnjNJ ǕNJnjcǔǘǗǠǏƿƿcnjǏǔNJNjǏǢǏǗǝǨǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǦƬǏǗǏǠǒ ǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǖǥǎǏǕNJǕǒǒcǚNJǗǦǢǏǗǘǘǗǒnjǥǙǘǕǗǩǕǒǛǦ
ǛcǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǗNJǛǜǒǕǦ ǙǘǟǘǐǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǚǘǎǒǕǛǩNjǚǝ NJǗǛǔNJǩNjǒǏǗǗNJǕǏcǍǘǎNJnjǛǩNjǥǕNJǙǚǘǧǜǘǖǏǗǩǜǦ ǛcǖǩǍǔǒǖǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǏǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǕǘǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ
ǜNJǕǒǑǖǒǖǏǨǣǒǓǙǘǎǛǘNjǘǓnjǛǏǍǘǕǒǢǦǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǓNjǏ ǛǩǛcnjǘǛǟǘǎǘǖǒcǑNJǔNJǜǘǖǛǜǚǝǒǜǦǛǩǜǏǡǦcǷǒcǗǏǎNJǚǘǖ ǛǕǘǐǗǥǏǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǝǡNJǛǜǔǒƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘ
ǜǘǗǙǘǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒFVYX  ǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǛǕǏǗǏǏnjǑǘǢǕNJǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǑnjǏǑǎNJƱNJǟǒƿNJǎǒǎ njǥnjǏǛǜǒǛǕǘǐǗǝǨǔǚǘnjǕǨǛcǒǑǍǒNjNJǖǒǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǏǓǒcǖNJ
ƭǘǗǜǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘNjǕNJǎNJǏǜǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǖ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǜNJǔǒǖǔNJǔǝcǏǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǞǘǚǖNJǖNjǘǕǦǢǏ ǕǏǗǦǔǒǖǒǚNJǎǒǝǛNJǖǒNJcnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǩNjǥǕǐǏǛǜ
ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǖƸǗǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǡǏǢǝǓǔǒǔǏǎǚǘ ǙǘǎǟǘǎǒǜNjǏǜǘǗǗǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǙǕǘǜǗǒǔǒǡǏǍǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǏ ǔǒǓǍǘǗǜƷǘƼǘǜNJǗǝǝǎNJǕǘǛǦǑNJǐǏǡǦǒǛǔǚǝnjcǗNJǢǒǟǎǝ
njǘǓǢǒǢǔǒǗǘǒcǐǒnjǏǜǜNJǔǐǏǙǘǎǎǘǐǎǏǖǚNJǑNjǝǟNJ ǒǖǒǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǒcǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǒcǜǏǔǝǡǒǓǖǘ ǢNJǟƶǥǚǏǢǒǕǒǙǚǒǗǩǜǦnjǥǑǘnj~
ǏǜcǷǔǚǘnjǕǩǙǕǘǜǗǘǛǖǥǔNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǏǙǩǜǛǜnjǝǩǎNJǕǦǗǏǓ ǎǏǚǗǒcǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖƼNJǔǡǜǘǔǘǍǎNJǙǏǚǏǎƼǘǜNJǗǘǖ ƽnjǥǛNJǖǘǏǛǕǘǐǗǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǜNJǔǒcǗǏ
ǢǏǖǝǙǚǘǗǒǔǗǘnjǏǗǒǨnjǕNJǍǒnjǥǛǥǟNJǩǐǏǎǘǣǏǡǔǒ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǥǖnjǛǜNJǕNJǑNJǎNJǡNJǘǛnjǘǒǜǦǛǕǘǐǗǥǓǝǡNJǛǜǘǔ ǝǎNJǕǘǛǦǖǘǖǏǗǜǙǏǚǏǟǘǎNJǛcǘNjǤǏǖNJǗNJǘNjǤǏǖnjǥǍǕǩ
ǒǑǍǒNjNJǨǜǛǩǒcǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǨǜǛǩǔǝǙǘǕǘǖǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǩǔǚǥ ǘǗǙǚǒnjǗǏǛnjcǚǝǛǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǘǡǏǚǏǎǗǝǨǒǗǗǘnjNJ ǎǒǜnjǛǏǐǏǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǖǘǚǘǣǏǗǗǘƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǜǚǘ
ǢǏǙǚǘnjǏǜǚǒnjNJǗǒǏǒcnjǥǛǥǟNJǗǒǏƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǚǘǎNJ ǠǒǨcǷǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǝǨǔǚǥǢǝǒǑǍǘǗǜNJ ǒǜǏǕǒǎǘǕǍǘǛǙǘǚǒǕǒǛcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǩǡǜǘ

150 
30.
3$

 .
R*V UNRJU"‡. NU'U"
;UVU'^ _VU R*V UNRJU"‡.



   )]N*ˆ-
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   .


  (( !" #
(*

  .

ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǟǘǑǩǒǗǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǗNJǖǏǚǜnjǘ
ǠǏǙǕǩǕNJNjǚǝǜNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǦnǢǏǚǢNJnjǘǍǘ~
ƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ ǒc ǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏ ǚǘǎǒǕǘǛǦ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǎǘǖǒǔǒǘNjǕǒǠǘnjǥnjNJ
ǕǒǛǦǔNJǔǒǖǜǘǍǚǝNjǥǖǗǏǘNjǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǗǥǖ
ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖcǷǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǏǛǜǚǝǍNJǗǗǘǓǎǘ
ǛǔǘǓƬcǎNJǗǗǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏcǷǎǘǛǔǘǓcšccǖǖ
ɭ
ǖǘǗǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǑǎǥǖNJǏǜǛǩǛnjǘ ƪnjǜǘǚǧǜǘǍǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJ NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷ ǛcǗNJǙǝǛǔǘǖnjǏǚǟǗǏǍǘǚǩǎNJǗNJǗǒǐǗǒǓnƷNJǎǘǖǗǏǘǡǏǗǦ
ǒǖǒǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒǗNJnjǛǏǎnjNJǧǜNJǐNJ ǠǏǕǘǓ ǛǏǚǒǒ ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǗǘǓ ǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǖ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǟǘǐǏcǷǙǚǒǑǗNJǏǜǛǩNJnjǜǘǚcǷǛǔǘǚǏǏǛNJǚNJǓ
ƷNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖ nǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǏ~ ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǒǑǘǜǚǩǎNJǗǘnjǘǛǒ ƯǟNJǕNJǖNJǢǒǗNJǛcǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕNJǛǦǔǝǑǘnjǘǜǔǚǥǕǛǩ
njǥǟǘǎǒǜǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǡǦǒǖǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǏǖǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǖǘǣ NjǒǚǛǔǒǟnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ƬǛǏnjǘǛǦǖǒǎǏǛǩǜǥǏ njǛǫǚNJǛǛǥǙNJǕǘǛǦcǷǒǑǧǜǘǍǘǒcǛǎǏǕNJǕǒ~ƷǘǑNJǧǜǒǖǕǝ
ǗǥǏǏǕǘnjǥǏNjNJǕǔǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǏǣǏǒcǝǡNJǛǜnjǝǨǜnjcǑǘǗǒ ǍǘǎǥǎǏǚǑǔǒǏǛǜǝǎǏǗǜǥƻǒNjǛǜǚǒǗNJǑNJǐǒǍNJǕǒ ǔNJnjǛǜnjǘǖcǷǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǘǛǡǒǜNJǗǗNJǩǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǚNJǠǒ
ǚǘnjNJǗǒǒǧǜǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJcǷǜNJǔǘǍǘǐǏǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǍǘ ǗǏǟǝǐǏǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǟƷǘǖǒǚǘnjǥǟǙǚǏǖǒǓǗǏ ǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǚNJǜǦǎǘǖ
ƴǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒǎǝǜǡǏǚǏǑǑNJǙǩǜǥǏǧǜǒǟNjNJ njǥǒǍǚNJǕǒƻǏǚǍǏǓƭǝǕǩǓǔǒǗǙǘǍǒNjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ǑNJcǖǏǛǩǠNJ NjǚǒǍNJǎǘǓǒǑcǡǏǕǘnjǏǔ ƸǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜ
ǕǘǔǗǒǔNJǔNjǘǕǏǏǗǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǩǛǦǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǘNjǏǎǏǗǗǝǨ ǁǏǚǗǘnjǑNJǗǩǕǛǩǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǏǖnƨǕǔǒƹNJǕǔǒ~ ǔNJǚǔNJǛNJcǷǎǘǛǔNJcšccǖǖƬcǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǏǎǘǖNJǘǗNJ
ǑǘǗǝǘǜǖǏǡNJǏǜǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǢǔNJǞǙǘǧǛǔǒǑǝƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJ ƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƶǒǑǒǗǛǜNJǕǘǎǗǒǖǒǑnƻǒǗǒǟǗǘ ǔǕNJǎǏǜǛǩǎnjǝǖǩǛǕǘǩǖǒ njcǙǘǙǏǚǏǡǗǘǖǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǘǖ
ƽǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǝǨǜǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥnjǏǎǏǜǗNJ Ǜǘnj~NJcǂNJǕǖǒǗǝǏǟNJǕnjcƶǘǛǔnjǝǒcǛǜNJǕǒǑ ǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǟ ǖǏǐǎǝǛǕǘǩǖǒǒcǙǘnjǏǚǟǒǟcǷǞNJǗǏǚNJ
ɮ
njǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǍǎǏǗNJǟǘǎǩǜǛǩǡǏǜǥǚǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒcǷǔNJǐǎNJǩ njǛǏǟǛNJǖǥǖǝǛǙǏǢǗǥǖǁǏǖǝǙǘǖǘǍNJǕNJǜNJǔNJǩ njcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǛǩǐǏǛǜǔǒǓǜǏǙǕǥǓǣǒǜǔǘǜǘ
ǛcǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǖǛNJǗǝǑǕǘǖnjǔǕǨǡNJǨǣǒǖnjNJǗǗǝ ǐǏNjǚǝǜNJǕǦǗNJǩǔNJǔǒcǧǜǒǎǘǖǒǔǒǞǒǕǘǛǘ ǚǥǓǜǝǜǐǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǛǩǔNJǔnjǏǚǛǜNJǔǎǕǩǛNjǘǚǔǒǛǜǏǗ
ƬcǍǘǎǝǗNJǜǘǖǐǏǝǡNJǛǜǔǏNjǥǕǙǘ ǞǒǩnƴǕǒǏǗǜnjǛǏǍǎNJǗǏǙǚNJnjƸǗǑǗNJǏǜǡǏǍǘ ƻǜǏǗǥcǷǒǑǜǘǓǐǏǎǘǛǔǒǛcǎnjǝǟǛǜǘǚǘǗǘNjǢǒnjNJǨǜǛǩ
ǛǜǚǘǏǗǍNJǚNJǐǡǦǩǔǚǥǢNJǜNJǔǐǏNjǥǕNJǘNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗNJǍǘǗ ǟǘǡǏǜǗǘǗǏǑǗNJǏǜǡǜǘǏǖǝǗǝǐǗǘ~ ǞNJǗǏǚǘǓǛcǙǏǗǘǙǕNJǛǜǘǖnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǩƴǚǥ
ǜǘǖǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗNJǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǖǚǘǛǡǏǚǔǘǖǙNJǎNJǕNJ ǂNJǕǖǒǗǐǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǑǗNJǕǡǜǘǗǝǐǗǘ ǢNJcǷǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǜNJǔNJǩǐǏǔNJǔǒcǙǘǕNJcǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǜ
ǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘnǙǘǓǖNJǜǦǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǙǒǢǏǜǛǩ ǎǘǛNJǖǘǓǑǏǖǕǒƬǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǘǗNJǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǜǩǐǏǕǘnjNJǜǘ ǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝǒǗǎǏǓǠǝcǷnǎNJǒcǧǜǘǍǘǗǏǖǗǘ ǒǟǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǞǏǚǖǥ ǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǩǎǘǖǝǎǘǙǘǕ
ǙǘǔNJǛNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǓnjcǘNjǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘǙǘ ǡǜǘǘǜǡNJǛǜǒǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǏǜǛǩNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǗNJNjǘǚǘǖǞǝǗǔǠǒǓ ǍǘǎNJǙǘǡǜǒǡǜǘǗǒǡǏǍǘ~ƬǛǏǧǜǘnǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǏ~ ǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǝǨǐǏǛǜǔǘǛǜǦǒcǚNJǑǍǚǝǐNJǩǙǘǜǘǕǘǡǗǥǏNjNJǕǔǒ
ǙǏǚǏǡǗǥǓǝǔǕǘǗǜNJǔǐǏnjǥǍǗǝǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǥ~ƷǘƼǘǜNJǗNjǥǕ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǘǛǦǙǘǎǗǏǓǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǜǦǧǜǘǍNJǚNJǐ ǒcǏǛǜǦnjcnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǟ~NjNJǗǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǘǜǎǥǟNJ ǘǜǛǗǏǍǘnjǘǓǗNJǍǚǝǑǔǒ ƾǏǚǖǥǧǜǒnǛǢǒnjNJǨǣǒǏ~njǏǚǟ
ǗǏǙǚǏǔǕǘǗǏǗǒcnjcǠǏǕǘǖǎǘǖnjǥǢǏǕǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǖǗNJǡǒ ǗNJǎnjǏǖNJǢǒǗǥǍǘǕǦǞǔNJǚǒcǖǘǜǘǠǒǔǕǙǚNJǡǏǡǗNJǩǛNJ ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜ ǒǗǘǍǎNJnjǖǏǛǜǘǗǏǍǘcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ ƹǚǒ ǒcǗǒǑǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǜǘcǟNJǓǜǏǔǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏ
ǗNJǩǛǦǧǕǏǍNJǗǜǗǘǓǑNJǍǘǍǝǕǒǗǘǓǍNJǚNJǐNJǑǎNJǗǒǏǙǘnjǘǚNJ ǗǝǑǏǕǛcǎǝǢǏǖNjǘǓǕǏǚǗNJǩǔǘǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǎnjǏǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ ɭ R  T - ǧǜǘǖǚNJǑǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǥǧǜǒǞǝǗǔǠǒǒnjǏǛǦǖNJǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǙǚǘ ǛcǕǘǝǜǏǔǘǖǛǜǏǗǑnjǝǡǒǜǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǙǒǔNJǗǜǗǘ
ǡǒnjNJǏǜǔcnjǘǎǏǔǚǘnjǕǩǔNJǔǝǎNJnjǗNJǙǘǕǑNJǏǜǗNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǓ ǎǕǩǙǏǚǛǘǗNJǕNJǒcǟǘǕǕƱNJNjNJnjǗǘǐǏǜǘǡǜǘnjǛǏǖǝǡǏǗǒǩ v %   ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǘNjǥǡǗǘǏǎǒǗǘcǷǜNJǔǘnjǝǨǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǝǂNJǕ ƷǘǏǛǕǒǝcƷǘǚǖNJǗNJƾǘǛǜǏǚNJnjcNJǧǚǘ
ǘNjǤǏǖǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǒǑǩǣǗǘǛnjǏǢǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǎǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ ǛcǙǏǚnjǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓNjǥǕǒǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǥǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜǘǖǑNJ <)  - @GG@ ǖǒǗǕNJǛǔǘnjǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜnǚNJǛǡǕǏǗǏǗǔǘǓ~ƼǏǛǗǘnjNJǜǘǔǘ ǙǘǚǜǏƻǜNJǗǛǜǏǎǕǏǜǒǜǕǒǢǦǔǚǥǢNJǜǘnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǓ~
ƼǏǚǚNJǛǜNJǔǒǟǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǏǣǏǗǏ ǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǩ ɮ _  < ǗǏǡǗǘǗǘnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǏ~ǒcǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǕǒǛǦǔNJǔǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏ ǘǜǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǠǏǕǒǔǘǖnƼNJǔǛǜǚǘǒǕNJnjǛǩǛǜNJ
ǑǗNJǕNJǘǗNJǒǎǏǜǗǏǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝǞNJǛNJǎǝǡǜǘ ǎǘǖNJǛcǍNJǚNJǐǘǖƹǘǜǘǖǚǏǍǕNJǖǏǗǜǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǛǩǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩ E  B ǎǘǖǒǔǒǒǕǒǒǍǚNJǕǒǚǘǕǦnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǙǘǔNJǛǜǚǘ ǚNJǩƻǒNjǒǚǦcǷǑNJnjǏǚǩǏǜǛǒNjǒǚǩǔǂNJǕǖǒǗcǷǒcǎǘǕǦ
ǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǝǒcǛcǘǎǗǘǍǘǝǍǕNJ ǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǍNJǚNJǐǗǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗNJǩǒǎǏǩnjǛǏǖ ǒǜǛǩǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǁNJǛǜǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǎǘǖǜNJǔǗǚNJnjǒǕǛǩǑNJǔNJǑ ǢǏ njǛǏǟ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǩǕǒ ǒǖǏǗǗǘ ǜNJǔǒǏ ǙǚǘnjǏǜǚǒnjNJǏǖǥǏ
ǔNJǔNjǥǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǔǚǥǢǝLJǜǘǒǛǔǝǙNJǏǜǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗǝǨ ǜNJǔǙǘǕǨNjǒǕNJǛǦǡǜǘǗNJǔǚǥǕNJǒcǏǍǘ ǡǒǔǝǡǜǘǜǘǜǘǜǔNJǑǥnjNJǕǛǩǔǝǎNJǕǒNjǘǙǏǚǏǏǑǐNJǜǦcǷǗǘ ǟǕǏNjǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣNJ~

152 
31.
O 
  

'‡ ;X"‡J) J<VU'^ _VU R SVU' '*V* "*#N  VUW)
Xˆ- *~* <@G?Q<#UN UR XU"*RJ Ra*#U  VXU#U



 
  NU'- V' ;X*xR* .UwW*" Nx* *~* JUXU" N*XxŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 
  
 )- <;USVU'^ RU"‡ˆ NU' *#U JJ !‡ w'*V)F UR <Xw'*XU'
VJUˆ x* <JUR*_RU N*X*"WRR‡ˆ- ;X"N <N*X*"U' "<*X*NR*
  (%4 !" #
G>Š. !‡) *~* !U)‰a* ;XU!)*'‡- VU#N ;UR*X‡ SVU#U !wR*Š
('  VU)‰JUŠ VU)‰JU R)N) "‡;^J JX^#)U#U !X^- <R'W)‰

   '‡ <R' wXWNRU- UR R* U_*R‰ VU)V‡ˆ ?A ' "<N'*VX* <;U)^Š
JX^#)Uˆ "‡*'JUˆ< )^RR‡' VU#N Rw‡")W- RU JXU'* SVU#U
R_*#U w"UNJU#U "<NU'* R*V- "* N*V) T^XRV^X< SVU W<^x*
' "* XU")- <'U. JUVUX‡' !X^ ;XU)Ux*R W<'aR'
<*"*X "Uw) '*RV‡ N")‰-

ɭ # 
<# 


* 
 '
-
X  (N+
< 
 - R @GQ>PE
ɭ
ǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘ NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǗNJnjǘǕǗǏǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǘǓ
ǙǚǘǑǥǒcǗNJǚǘǐǎNJǨǣǏǍǘǛǩǙǘǡnjǏǗǗǒǡǏǛǜnjNJ 
ǙǚǘǔǕǨǗǝǜǦǛǩnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟ
ǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǟǟǍǘǎǘnjƹǚǒǡǏǖǒǖǏǗǗǘ
njcǜǏǟǍǎǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǛǩǎǏǚǏnjǘǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠNJǟ
ǚǥǗǔNJǟǙǚǒǎǘǚǘǐǗǥǟǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗNJǟƲcǔNJǔ
ǧǜǘǡNJǛǜǘNjǥnjNJǏǜnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǛcǠǒǜNJǜNJǖǒ
ǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǏǖǥǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǒǚǝǏǜǛǩǒǑ
ǎǏǜNJǕǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦnjcǠǏǕǘǏǣǒǙǠǥǚNJǑǚNJǛ
ǜNJǨǜǛǩnjcǑǎNJǗǒǩcǷǔNJǔǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗnƮǝNjǚNJnjNJ~
ǗNJƴǒǏnjǛǔǘǖǢǘǛǛǏǒǕǒǜǝǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǠǏǗǜǚ
njcƻǝǑǎNJǕǏƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǙǘǟǘǐǒ
ǗNJǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏǢNJǕNJǢǒǡǜǘǛǖǝǜǗǘǘNjǤǩǛǗǒ
ǖǘǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǨǣǏǓǒǟǜǏǖǘǓǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǩȁ
ƷǘǜǘǕǒǧǜNJǖǗǘǍǘǑǗNJǡǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǙǚǘ
ǛǜǘǜNJǜǘǕǒǘǜǛǥǕǔNJǔcnǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝǛǜǒǕǨ~
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǛǏǍǎNJǔNJǑNJǕǛǩnǙǛǏnjǎǘ~ ǜǘǕǒ
njǘǘNjǣǏǖǝǡǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǗǏǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǘǛǜǦǘǞǒ
ǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǓǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǒǘǜǚNJǐNJǜǦǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏ
ǛǘǘNjǣNJǏǜnjǛǏǖǧǜǒǖǑǎNJǗǒǩǖnjǗǩǜǗǥǓǘǜǜǏ
ǗǘǔǙǘǢǕǘǛǜǒƷǘǛǜǘǒǜnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǧǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǏ
ǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǔǒǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǒcnjǗǩǜǗǝǨǞǝǗǔǠǒǨ
ǔNJǔnjǛǏǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩƬcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓnǞǚǘǗǜǘǗ~ǎǘǖNJ
ƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǘǍǘnjǛǜǚǘǏǗNjNJǕǔǘǗNJcǕǨǔNJǚǗǥ
ƲǍǘǚǦƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǒǓcǷǘǎǗNJǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǩǚǔǒǟǑnjǏǑǎNJǚ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJcǷǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǏǕǩǛǝǍǝNjǘǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗǘǓǙǚǘ njǛǜǚǏǡNJǕǛǩnjcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǟǟǍǘǎǘnjǙǘǛǔǘǕǦ ǎNJǨǜǛnjǏǜnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓƲcǧǜNJǙǚNJǍǖNJ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJƮnjNJǏǍǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǟ ǞǏǛǛǒǒcǷǎǒǛǛǒǎǏǗǜǛǜnjǘǒǛǔǕǨǡNJǏǜ ǔǝǘǛnjǘǒǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǙǘǎǜNJǔǒǖǘǛǜǚǥǖǛǔNJǜǘǖǎǘ ǜǒǔNJǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnǒǑnjǒǗǩǏǜ~ǞǘǚǖǝǗǘǎǏǕNJǏǜǏǏǘNjNJǩ
ǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǩcǷƮnjǘǚǏǠǙǒǘǗǏǚǘnjǗNJƵǏǗǒǗǛǔǒǟǍǘ ƺNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǗNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒ njǘǕǦǗǘǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǜǒǡǗǘǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǘǗǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǏǜ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǓcǷǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǍǚǒǑNJǓǕǦǗNJǩnjǏǚǏnjǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ
ǚNJǟǒcǍǘǚǘǎƱǏǕǏǗǘǍǚNJǎcǷǙǘǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǍǚNJǗǎǒǘǑǗǥǏ ǎNJǒcǜǘnjcǙǘǚǩǎǔǏǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJƻnjǘǓǎǘǖƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǒǓ ǛǚNJǑǝǖǗǘǍǒǖǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǖ ǙǚǒǐNJǜnjNJǕǎNJǓǛǔǒǓǖǘǟ ǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗNJǩǙNJǔǕǩ ǖǏǐǎǝ
ǗǘǙǘǢǏǛǜǒǎǏǛǩǜǗǒǡǏǛǔǒǛnjǏǜǕǥǏǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǘNjǚNJǣǏ ǛǜǚǘǒǜnjcǛǜNJǚǘǎNJǡǗǘǖǙǘǛǏǕǔǏǗNJǒǑǚǩǎǗǘǑNJǚǘǛǢǏǖ ƹǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǜNJǔǒǏǘǛǜǚǘnjǏǚǟǒǏǔǚǥǢǒ NjǚǏnjǗNJǖǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǩǚǔǒǖǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǙǚǒǏǖǘǖ
ǗǥnjcNjǝǎǝǣǏǏƲcǎNJǐǏnjcǏǍǘǙǘǑǎǗǒǟnjǏǣNJǟǟǍǘǎǘnj ǝǡNJǛǜǔǏ ƹǚNJnjǎNJ NjǘǕǦǢǝǨ ǡNJǛǜǦ ǐǒǑǗǒ ǘǗ ǙǚǘǐǒǕ njcǎǚǏnjǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǜǏǚǏǖNJǟcǷǔNJǔǛǙǘǛǘNjǘǜǚNJǑǒǜǦNjǘ ƪnjǏǛǦǎǘǖcǷnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǏNjǏǛǔNJǑǘǡǗǥǖ
ǑǏǕǏǗǘǍǚNJǎǛǔǒǓ Ʈǘǖ ǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥ  ǟǘǜǩ ǝǐǏ ǒc ǘǜǩǐǏ ǑǎǏǛǦǐǏnjcǛǜNJǚǘǖǎǘǖǏNJcǧǜǘǜǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǝǐǏnjcǙǘǛǜ ǕǏǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǓǛǜNJǜǝǛǟǘǑǩǒǗNJnjǥǎǏǕǒǜǦǜǏǚǏǖǗNJǞǘǗǏ ǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǙǘǎǟǘǎǩǣǒǖǎǕǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǗNJǙǒǛNJǕǙǚǘ
ǕǏnjǢǒǟ njǖǏǛǜǏ Ǜǘ njǚǏǖǏǗǏǖ ǗǏǜ ǗǒǔNJǔǒǟ ǙǚǒǑǗNJ ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏnjǚǏǖǏǗNJcǷǗǘǛǘnjǛǏǖǝnjNJǐǏǗǒǏǖǗǏǜǘǕǦ ǒǑNjǛcǙǘǕǘǍǒǖǒǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǛǔNJǜNJǖǒƷǘǎǘǢǕǒǘǗǒ ǗǏǍǘƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǒǓcǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǔNJǔ
ǔǘnjǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJƱNJǧǜǒǖcǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ ǔǘǔcǎǝNjNJǖǒcǛǘǛǗNJǖǗǘǒcǔcǛNJǚNJǨǛǜǘǩnjǢǏǖǝǗNJǧǜǘǖ ǎǘǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcnjǒǎǏǒǑǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǓcǷǒcǔNJǔnjǛǏǡǜǘǝǐǏ ǒcǘǜǏǠ ǑNJǖǥǛǏǕǘǜǠNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcnjǘǙǕǘǣNJnjǢǒǓ Ǘǘ
Ǘǘ ǒc ǜǘ ǛǡNJǛǜǕǒnjǘǏ ǘNjǛǜǘǩǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘ ǡǜǘ ǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦ ǖǏǛǜǏƻǘǟǚNJǗǏǗǥNjǥǕǒǎNJǐǏǏǍǘǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒǒcǘNjǣǒǓ ǗǏ ǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ njc ǙǘnjǛǏǎǗǏnjǗǘǛǜǒ ǛǜNJǕǒ ǘNjǤǏǔǜǘǖ ǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǘǗǖǝǑǥǔNJǗǜǒǛǙǘǕǗǩǨǣǒǓǙǘǎǍǒǜNJǚǝǛǘNj
njǛǏ ǧǜǒ njǏǣǒ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ njc ǡǒǛǜǘǖ ǙǘǕǏ ǗǏ njǟǘǎǩ ǘNjǚNJǑƸǎǗNJǔǘǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǩǚǔǒǏǗǘnjǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǞǚǘǗ ǖǒǞǘǕǘǍǒǑNJǠǒǒƬcǏǍǘǎǥǒǟnjǑǩǕǗNJnjǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǙǏǛǗǒnƲǛǜǘǚǒǩǧǜNJǘcǜǘǖƴNJǔnjcǛǜNJǚǘǖǎǏǚǏ
njcǔǘǗǞǕǒǔǜǗǒǛcǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǛǚǏǎǘǓǗǒǛcǙǚǒǚǘǎǘǓ ǜǘǗnjǟǘǎNJǒcǕǨǔNJǚǗǥƻǜǚǘǍǘǍǘnjǘǚǩǧǜǘǒcǗǏǞǚǘǗǜǘǗ nǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦ~ǘǛǜǚǘnjǏǚǟǒǏǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǥǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘ njǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏƭǎǏǑǒǖǘǓǗǏǐǒnjǝǜǟǘǑǩǏnjNJ ƬǏǎǦǑǒǖǘǓ
ƼNJǔǐǏ ǒc NJǗǛNJǖNjǕǦ nƴǘǟǒǗǘǚ ǒc ƺǏǓǛǢǒǗǔNJ~ ǛǘNjǚNJǗ NJcǙǚǘǛǜǘǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǗNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǣNJǩNjNJǕǔǘǗǗǘ ǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǗǥǏǚǏǑǦNjǘǓǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǜnjǏǑǎǏcǷnjcǎǘǖNJǟ ǙǚǘǜǘǙǒǜǦǗǏǕǦǑǩǏǍǘ ƷǘnjǥǓǍǘǎǘǜǖǏǡNJǕǒǖǥǢǒƷNJ
ǗǥǓ ƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǒǖ ǒǑ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnj ǏǣǏ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ ǙǘnjǘǎǘǖǔcǗǏǖǝNjǥǕǔNJǔǚNJǑǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǗNJ ǒcNjNJǗǩǟǔǒǘǛǔNJǟǒcNjǏǛǏǎǔNJǟnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǟǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJǟcǷ ǡǏǚǎNJǔǏǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǏǓƬcǎNJǕǦǗǏǖǝǍǕǝNjǝǞǏǜNJƱNJǙNJǛNJǕǒ
ǙǘǡǜǒǙǘǕnjǏǔNJǙǏǕǘǛǜǚǒǕǒcǟǘǟǖǒǕǚǏǍǝǕǩǚǗǘǗNJ ǜǘǚǠǏǎǘǖNJƺNJǑNjǏǐNJnjǢǒǛǦǘǜǗǏǍǘnjǏǛǦǎǘǖǙǚǏnjǚNJ NjǏǑǘnjǛǩǔǘǓǛnjǩǑǒǛcǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓǔNJǔǡǒǛǜNJǩǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǩ ǛcǛNJǖǘǍǘǕǏǜNJƫNJǗǔǒǔǝǕǦǔǒǙNJǔǏǜǥcƾNJǗǜǒǔǒǘǜǔǘǗ
ǚǝǢNJǩǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǎǘǑnjǘǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǗǘnjǛǏǐǏǗǏnjǛǜǝǙNJǩ ǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcnǜǏǖǝǛcnjNJǚǒNJǠǒǩǖǒ~ǕǏǓǜǖǘǜǒnjǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ ƻǜǘǕǦNjǝǚǗNJǩǙǚǘǞNJǗNJǠǒǩǙǘǚǘǎǒǕNJǛǜǘǕǦǐǏNjǝǚǗǘǏ ǞǏǜǥƹǝǍǘnjǒǠǥǒǑǢǔNJǜǝǕǔǒƴǚǘǢǔǒǘǜǛǎǘNjǗǘǓNjǝǕ
njcǘǛǜǚǥǓǔǘǗǞǕǒǔǜǛcnjǕNJǛǜǦǨƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǛNJǖNJǙǚǒǚǘǎNJ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǘǛǜǚǘnjǏǚǟǒǏǔǚǥǢǒƼNJǔǘǓǝǍǘǕǗǏǡNJǛǜǘ ǘǜǜǘǚǐǏǗǒǏcǷǒcǜǏǖNJǧǜNJǗNJǎǘǕǍǘǙǚǘǙNJǎNJǏǜǡǜǘNjǥ ǔǒƹǘǕǔǒǕǘǍǚNJǖǖNJǍǚǏǡǔǒƲcǎNJǐǏǎǚǘnjNJǎǕǩǙǏǡǔǒȁ~

154 
P  

ɭ ɮ
32.
 
*) !‡ RVJ"XR‡. "*V)‰RJU" R* !‡)U
SVU !‡) !‡ RV*X‰*X U!XRR‡ˆ "<UNRUˆ VUŠ

 
 
   R)‰RUˆ #''*- <;X"RUW JURVXVR‡* "*~
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

 
    w NX^#U#U V)W W<UwN] !U)** )UxR‡ˆ 'J <UV SVUŠ
#U ;‡V‡"] S'U`UR)‰R‡ˆ ;UNŽ*'-
     ) :;<=>
  %% !" #
('

 
    
 

ƷǏNjǚǘǛǔNJǩǔǚNJǛǘǜNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǥƴNJǚǏǕǦǛǔǘǍǘǙǏǚǏǢǏǓǔNJ
njǔǝǙǏǛcǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǖǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǒǖǏǜǦnǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǓǎǘǖǛǝ
ǚǘnjǥǓǙǘǎǝǟǝǒcǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǨ~ǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǕǒnjǏǛǦǖNJǗǏ
ǘNjǥǡǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑƷǘnǜǘǡǜǘǚNJǗǦǢǏǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗǏǝǖǏǛǜ
ǗǥǖǒcǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǎNJǐǏǝǚǘǎǕǒnjǥǖcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƻǏǚǍǏǓ
ƺǘǍǝǕǏnjcǷǛǏǓǡNJǛǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǖǘǎǗǥǖƻǔNJǐǏǖnjcNJǚ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǟǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǚNJNjǘǜNJǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ
ǏǛǕǒǡǜǘǜǘǛǜǘǒǜǜǘǛǜǘǒǜǘǡǏǗǦnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǘNJcǏǛǕǒ
ǡǜǘǜǘnjǒǛǒǜǒǕǒǕǏǐǒǜǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǝNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ~Ƭcǧǜǘǖ
ǎǘǖǏnjǏǛǦǖNJnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǘǒǜǎǥǖǘǟǘǎNJcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ
ǕǏǐNJǜǝNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǡǏǖǒǟǕǒǗǒǒǔNJǔǒcǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝ
ǜNJǩǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦnjǛǏǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǩǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜǘǜǕǒǡ
ǗǥǓǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǩǖǛǘǛǏǗ ) 
 "
 ǔǘǗnjǏǓǏǚNJNjǥǕǘǗǏǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦƷǘǏǛǕǒǡNJǣǏNjǚǝǛǞǒǚ njc ǧǜǘǓ ǔǗǒǍǏ ǕǒǞǜ njc ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖ ǎǘǖǏ  ǒc ǖǘǗǝǖǏǗ
Ʈǘǖc Ƿ ǛǕǘnjǗǘ Njǥ ǡNJǛǜǦ ǕNJǗǎ "
  
 - ;  ǖǥǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǒǕǒnjǥNjǏǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǜǘ ǜNJǕǦǗǥǓ ǔNJǖǒǗ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǔNJǔ ǛǔNJǕNJ njǥǚNJǛǜNJǏǜ njc Ǚǘ
ǢNJǞǜNJǖǏǛǜǗǥǓnjNJǕǝǗǛcǗNJǕǏǜǘǖ 
" 

 ǑǎǏǛǦ ǏǍǘ njǥǔǚNJǛǒǕǒ njc ǛǜǚǘǍǒǓ ǔǘǚǒǡǗǏnjǘǛǏǚǥǓc Ƿ ǕǝǖǚNJǔǏ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ LJǜǒ ǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǥǏ ǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǩ
R  - @G>=
ǟNJǓǜǏǔNJnƸǗǖǘǍNjǥǙǘǩnjǒǜǦǛǩ ǡǜǘNjǥ ǛǘǑǎNJǜǦ ǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜ Ǜǘ ǛnjǏǜǕǥǖ ǔNJǖǗǏǖ nƮǏǚǏ ǒǖǏǨǜ ǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǩ njc ǜNJǔǘǖ ǐǏ ǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǗǘǖ ǛǘnjǏǜ
njcƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǒǒǕǒƴNJǗNJǎǏǏǍǘ ɮ ^%   njǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǙNJǛǙNJǚǜǝǙǘǎǕǘǐǔǘǓǎǕǩ Ǜǔǘǖ ǙǚǘǢǕǘǖ ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǨǣǏǖ ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJ ǒc NJǚǟǒ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗNJǒǖǏǗǗǘ < "
  NjǘǕǏǏnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjcǷǛǜǏǔǕNJǒcǔNJǖǗǩ~ ǜǏǔǜǘǚNJnƮǕǩǖǏǗǩcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƺǘǍǝǕǏnjcǷǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǒ
ǎǕǩǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǟǢǒǚǘǜǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǜ J
$
- Z[OOYZOZ<- ƷǘǎǏǕǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǠnjǏǜǏǗǘǒcnjcǜǘǖǔNJǔǔǘǖǙǘǗǝ njǎǘǟǗǘnjǏǗǒǩcǷǧǜǘǗǘǛǜNJǕǦǍǒǩǙǘnjǚǏǖǏǗNJǖǎǏǜǛǜnjNJ
ǒcǗNJǖǏǔNJǗNJǛǚǏǎǒǑǏǖǗǘǖǘǚǛǔǒǓ ǨǜǛǩǘNjǤǏǖǥnƯǛǕǒǙǚǘNJǗNJǕǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔNJǔǘǓǗǒNjǝǎǦ ǙǏǚnjǥǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǩǘǜǔNJǔǘǓǗǒNjǝǎǦǞNJNjǚǒǔǒǔǝǟǗǒ
ǛǜǒǕǦƬcǚǒǛǝǗǔǏǞNJǛNJǎNJǡǒǜNJǏǜ ǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǎǚǏnjǗǘǛǜǒcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƺǘǍǝǕǏnjcǷnjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘ njcƵǏǗǒǗǍǚNJǎǏǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓǖNJǍNJǑǒǗǡǒǔnjcǗǘnjǘǛǜǚǘǓ
ǛǩǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗNJǩǛǝǚǘnjǘǛǜǦǙǘ ǧǜǘǙǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǖǝǛǡǏǜǝǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚNJǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩ ǔǏ ǍǎǏ ǖǘǏ ǛǘǑǗNJǗǒǏ ǙǘǚNJǐNJǕǒ ǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǏ njǒǜǚNJǐǒ
ǎǘNjNJǨǣNJǩǔǕǒǖNJǜǝǒcǛǏnjǏǚǗǘǓ ǕǏǙǔNJǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǏnjǕǘǐǏǗNJNjǥǜǘnjNJǩǞǝǗǔ ǒcǙǝǛǜǥǏǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǞNJǛNJǎǥ ƪcǚǩǎǘǖc Ƿ ǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJ
ǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǒc njc ǘǜǎǏǕǔǏ Ǡǒǩ~ƪǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǖǏǛǜNJǖǒǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜ ǘNjǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗNJǩ Ǚǘ ǐǝǚǗNJǕǝ ǽƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ ǒc Njǥǜǻ ǛǜNJ
ǖǥǛǜNJǚNJǕǒǛǦǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǖNJ ǘ ǛNJǔǚNJǕǦǗǘǖ ǖǗǘǍǘǝǍǘǕǦǗNJǩ ǖǗǘǍǘǛǕǘǓǗNJǩ ǔǚǘnjǕǩ ǚǒǗǗǥǏnjǏǣǒǎǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǏǛǩǘǜǙǚNJǚǘǎǒǜǏǕǏǓǔǘǜǘ
ǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǨǜǛǩ ǎǏǕNJǏǜǎǘǖǙǘǟǘǐǒǖǗNJǛǔǒǜNJcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǘǩǣNJǩǜǚǝ ǚǥǏǚǏǑNJǕǒǍǕNJǑǗǘǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǕǒǘǛǘNjǥǓNJǚǘǖNJǜƪcǏǣǏ
ǗNJƴNJǚǏǕǦǛǔǘǖǙǏǚǏǢǏǓǔǏǒcnjcƾǒǗǕǩǗǎǒǒcǷǙǚǏǐǎǏ ǖǏǜNJǕǕǛǜǏǔǕǘǒcǔNJǖǏǗǦnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǒcǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨǎǏ NjNJǔNJǖǒǗNJǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǔǘǕǘǔǘǕǦǗǏǓȁ ǙǘǖǗǨǛǜNJǚǥǏǙǘǜǚǏǙNJǗǗǥǏǐǝǚǗNJǕǦǡǒǔǒnjcNjǒNjǕǒǘ
njǛǏǍǘǍǚNJǗǒǜ~ƷǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǚNJǕǒNJǝǜǏǗ ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǡǜǘNjǥǙǚǘǏǔǜǙǏǚǏǛǜNJǕnjǘǛǙǚǒǗǒ ƽǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǡǜǘ ǜǘǜ ǐǏ ǔǘǕǘǚǒǜ ǜǏǔǏǜǒǙNJ0ǹ%VGLMXIGXYVIHǹ%YNSYVHǹLYMnjcNjǏǑǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǖ
ǜǒǡǗǥǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǗǘǒcǜǘǗǔǘǒǟǙǘǎǍǘǗǩǕǒǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǩ ǖNJǜǦǛǩǔNJǔǜǒǙǘnjǘǓ~ƮǘǖNJ,32/%ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǕǏǍ ǒcnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏƼǘǕǦǔǘǑǎǏǛǦǝǐǏǜǏǖǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǛǜǏǗǘǜ ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖ ǡǏǚǗǘNjǏǕǘǖ ǙǏǚǏǒǑǎNJǗǒǒ ǗNJ ǜǝNJǕǏǜǗǘǓ
ǘǜǜǏǗǩǜǦǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍNJ ǔǘǝǑǗNJǨǜǛǩǡǜǘnjcǘNjǣǏǖǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǔǘǍǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝ ǜǏǗǩǏǜNjǚNJǑǒǕǦǛǔǒǓǛǕNJǗǏǠǗNJǙǘǕǝNJcǜNJǔǐǏǎnjNJǙǚNJǔ NjǝǖNJǍǏƷǘǒcǜNJǖǜǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏnjǥǒǛǔǒnjNJǏǢǦǑǏǚǗNJ
ƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǧǜǘǖǒcǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǕNJǛǦǒǑ NjǚNJǜǦǩ ƺǏǓǗǘ ǒc ƪǚnjǘ ƻNJNJǚǏǕNJǓǗǏǗǥ ǑNJǎǝǖNJǕǒ NJnjǜǘ ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ NJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜNJ ƸǎǒǗc Ƿ ǧǜǘ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩ ǔǘǗ LJǜǘNjǥǕǘǛǘǙǚǒǔǘǛǗǘnjǏǗǒǏǛcnjǏǕǒǔǒǖǘNjǣǏǡǏǕǘnjǏ
ǗNJǡNJǕǦǗNJǩǒǎǏǩnƲǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǎǘǖƬnjǏǛǜǒ ǖNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǎǘǖǘnj NjǏǑ ǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǕǒǞǜǘnjǘǓǢNJǟǜǥ ǧǜǘǔǛǜNJǜǒǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǡǏǛǔǒǖǛcǜǏǖǡǏǍǘǗǏNjǥǕǘǝcǗNJǛ~

156 
33.
     


X*JURVX^J`W N_ <VXUV*)‰V"U RU"U#U U!Ž*JV a)


 
;XJV_*J ;X))*)‰RU- RU *) X*JURVX^J`W !‡)
"‡R^xN*RRUˆ ™R*U!.UN'U !‡)U ;X;UU!V‰ N_^ ;UN
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

 
JX^#)U#UN_RU* ;XUx"R* *'‰š VU RU"U* UUX^x*Š
R*< JV JUX** .^NUx*V"*RR‡ˆ- Jw)U‰ !‡ N"* XwŠ
R‡* VUX RU *) "w#)WR^V‰ R N_R‡ˆ ^_VUJ JJ R
"w'U"WwRR^] X*N^ VU "<URU"* X.V*JV^XRUŠVXUŠ


 
 
 
V*)‰RUˆ ;XU#X''‡ #X#UXWR 'UxRU Xw#)WN*V‰ U;X*N*Š
  )  )*RR^] #XNUVXUV*)‰R^] 'UN*)‰ UVJ)J]~^]W R
  (( !" # '' !" # JV^)‰R‡* ;XU!)*'‡ U"X*'*RRU#U ^X!Rw'- ;XU!)*'‡

( X*JURVX^J` VX‡. wNRˆ ;X;UU!)*RW ;'WVRŠ


JU" RU"U* VXUV*)‰V"U "<VUX_*JUˆ wVXUˆJ* ;UNŠ

 
 3 
.UN‡ J<X*a*R] UVJX‡V‡. ;XUVXRV"< "* SVU TUJ^Š
XU"RU R ;)U~N "<?Q UVUJ- (;  X 
+ \ M= ?>@@
ɭ  x  

R
  J

<-

 
  "."- @G?I
ǢNJǍǘǖcǷNjǥǕNJnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗNJnjcǑǎNJǗǒǒǛǘnjǛǏǖǒǗǥǟNJǖNjǒ
ɮ ;  '  - V ǠǒǓǒcǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǘnjcǷnjcǜǏNJǜǚǏ1IVGYV]njcƫNJǚnjǒǟǏ  
zfho{hœ <!
E- ?>>= ƷǘǜNJǖǚNJǑǗǥǓǒcǝǍǘǕǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǗǒǩǚǏNjǏǚǔcǛǜǏǔǕǝǒcǒǟ
ɯ   ! 
- ǞǘǚǖNJ ǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǚNJǑǖǏǚǏ cǷnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǞNJǛNJǎ
X   <R
 P ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjǘǕǗǒǛǜǥǖǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǙǚǒǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǒnjǎǘǕǦǗǏǍǘ
)
- ?>>G NJcǛǜǘǒǜǑǎNJǗǒǏǗNJǙǏǚǏǔǚǏǛǜǔǏǎnjǝǟǢǘǛǛǏ ƷǘǜǘǜǏ
ɭ ɮ
NJǜǚǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǗǝǐǗǘǙǚǒnjǕǏǔNJǜǦǒcnjǘǑNjǝǐǎNJǜǦ ǜNJǔǒǖ
ǐǏǔǚǝǍǕǥǖNjǥǕǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓƷNJǚǘǎǗǥǓǜǏNJǜǚǗNJƬNJǚ
njNJǚǒǗǛǔǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǒƬǒǔǜǘǚNJƭNJǚǜǖNJǗNJ ǑǎǏǛǦǐǏ
NjǥǜǦǒcǖǝǑǏǏǖ ƶǝǑǏǓǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǕǏǛNJƼNJǎNJǘƪǗǎǘ  njǛǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǜǒǢǒǗNJǘǎǒǗǘǡǏǛǜnjǘǒcǛǘǛǚǏǎǘǜǘǡǏǗǒǏ
ǒcǐǒǕǥǖǎǘǖǘǖ ǘǛǘNjǗǩǔnjcƻNJǒǜNJǖǏǘǜ%XIPMIV1EWYHE ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘnjcǛǕǘnjǏnNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJ~ǏǛǜǦ
 ƷNJnjǏǚǛǜNJǜǦǝǙǝǣǏǗǗǘǏǛǕǘǐǗǘcǷǎNJǒcǗǝǐǗǘ ǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǕǝǔNJnjǛǜnjǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǏNjǏǖǗǘǍǘ
Ǖǒ#nƬcǜǏǚǖǒǗǘǕǘǍǒǒǽǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏcǷǗǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǻ ǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘƬcǘǙǒǛNJǗǒǒǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǚǔNJǔnjǛǏǍǎNJǕNJ
ǩcǙǚǏǎǙǘǡǒǜNJǨnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǚNJǛǛǝǐǎNJǜǦ~cǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƭǚǒ ǔǘǗǒǡǏǗnƷNJnjǏǚǟǝǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǗǘnjcǗǏǖǖǘǐǗǘǛǙNJǜǦnjǗǒ
ǍǘǚǩǗƷǘǖǘǐǗǘǑNJǓǜǒǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷǒcǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗ ǑǝǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǗǘnjcǗǏǓǖǘǐǗǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦǗǏǕǦǑǩ
ǗǘǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǜNJǖǍǎǏǏǣǏǗǒǔǘǍǘǗǏNjǥǕǘƼǘǕǦǔǘǎǕǩ ǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǞǘǚǖNJǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǕNJǑNJǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓƸǗNJnjǘǘNj
ǧǜǘǍǘǗNJǎǘǙǘǖǥǛǕǒǜǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǔNJǔǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǛǘNj ǣǏǗǒǑNJǡǏǖǗǏǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǕNJǡǏǖNJnjǜǘǚǖǘǐǏǜǍǘǚǎǒǜǦ
ɯ
ƷǒǡǏǍǘǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǍǘǗǏǜǗǒnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǓǗNJǡǜǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǖNJǕǘ ǛǩnƽcǖǏǗǩǏǛǜǦǜǏǘǚǒǩ ǝcǖǏǗǩnjǘǘNjǣǏǒǟǗǏǜǗǘǘǎǗNJ
ǗǒnjǘnjǛǏǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǔǜǘǛǙǘǛǘNjǏǗƪcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘnjǥǛǔǘǕǦǑǗǝǜǦǒǑǕǒǙǔǒǟ ǏǛǜǦ ǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǞǏǗǘǖǏǗNJǡǒǛǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǡǒǛǜNJǩ
ǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƿǘǡǏǜǛǩǎǘNjNJnjǒǜǦ ǕNJǙǡǒǗǘnjǗǒǔNJNjǚNJǎǘNjǚǏǓǛǔǒǟǘNjǤǩǜǒǓnjǕNJǛǜǒǔǚǒnjǥǟ ǞǘǚǖNJcǷǧǜǘǗNJǒnjǥǛǢǏǏǛǘǛǜǘǩǗǒǏǞǘǚǖǥǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ
ǒcNjǥǜǦǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǜNJǔNJǩǞǘǚ ǚǝǔǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǩnljcǎǘǛǒǟǙǘǚǛǡǒǜNJǨǡǜǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓ ǛǜǚǏǖǒǜǛǩǎǘǛǜǒǡǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJ
ǖNJǒǎǏǜǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǘǜǙǚǒǚǘǎǥǖNJǜǏǚǒNJ ǎǘǖcǷǕǝǡǢǒǓǑNJǔNJǑcǷǙǚǒǑǗNJǏǜǛǩƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗcǷƹǘǜǘ ǏǜǗNJǙǏǚǏǛǏǡǏǗǒǒǖNJǛǛǥǘNjǛǜǘǩǜǏǕǦǛǜnjcǷǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
ǕNJƲcǟǘǜǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǏǚǏnjǘǏǛǜǦǙǚNJǚǘ ǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘǠǏǕǥǓǔǘǛǖǘǛƱǎǏǛǦǖǘǐǗǘǛǎǏǕNJǜǦnjǛǏǎǘ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǟǞǒǗNJǗǛǘnjǥǟǙǘǕǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟ
ǎǒǜǏǕǦǔǘǕǘǗǗǥ ǒcǒǖǏǗǗǘǔcǔǘǕǘǗǗǏ ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǓǎnjǏǚǗǘǓǚǝǡǔǒǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǝǎǒǑNJǓǗǝ~ ǕǒǡǗǥǟǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǒcǘǗǒǘǡǏǗǦǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥƽnj
NJǙǏǕǕǒǚǝǏǜǧǜǘǑǎNJǗǒǏcǷnǔNJǗǗǏǕǨ ƪcǏǣǏǕǝǡǢǏǏǛǕǒǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔcǷǜǥǛNJǖ ǕǏǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥƷǘnjcǒǜǘǍǏǘǗǒnjǛǏǎǘǕǐǗǥNjǥǜǦǛǙǕNJnjǕǏ
ǚNJǖǒ~ǛǜǏǔǘǕ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ LJǜǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnƫǒNjǕǒǘ ǗǥǒcǙǏǚǏnjǏǎǏǗǥnjcǞǘǚǖǝ~
ǜǝǚNJǛcǜǚǝǎǘǖǘǛnjNJǒnjNJǕNJǘǔǚǝǐǗǘǛǜǦ ǜǏǔǘǓ~ǗǘǙǘǔNJǘǗǘnjǛǏǍǘǎǕǩǘǎǗǘǓǔǗǒǍǒcǷǖǏǖǝNJǚǘnj ƹǘǗǩǜǗǘǡǜǘnjǥǢǏǙǏǚǏǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǏǘNj
ƻǖǝǜǗNJǩǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǦǑNJǧǜǒǖNjǥǕNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǒǢǏǜǘǜǏǠLjǚǒǩƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗNJƹǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǎǘǕǦ ǛǜǘǩǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǞǒǗNJǗǛǘnjǥǏǒcǙǘǕǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏ
ǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǎǚǏnjǗǒǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǟǚNJǖǥǛǕǘ ǛǜǏǗǗǏǢǔNJǞǥǔNJǔnjcǛǜNJǚǘǓǔǚǝǍǕǘǓNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔǏƶƭƽǗNJ ǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǨǡǒǛǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǚǏǎǔǘǛǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǝǨǜƲcǡNJǣǏ
ǐǏǗǗǥǏnjǘǛǦǖǏǚǒǔǘǖǑnjNJǕǒǛǦnǔǚǝǍǕǥǖǒ~ǟǘǜǩǧǜǘ ǒcǛǙǒǚNJǕǏnjǒǎǗǥǓǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗƮNJǕǦǗǏǍǘƬǘǛǜǘǔNJ ƲǕǦǩ ƶǘǟǘnjǘǓNJcǡǏǚǏǎNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǘǙǘǚƺNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǥǘǗǒ njǛǏǍǘǘǗNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǜNJǖǍǎǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǛnjǘNjǘǎǏǗǘǜ
NjǥǕǘǕǒǢǦǙǚǒNjǕǒǐǏǗǒǏǔcǘǔǚǝǐǗǘǛǜǒƻǜǘǕǦǐǏǝǛ ƭǘǕǘǛǘnj ǒcNJǝǎǒǜǘǚǒǩƲnjNJǗNJưǘǕǜǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǒcƷǒǔǘǕNJǩ njǏǛǦǖNJǟǒǜǚǘǝǖǗǘnjcǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǒǘnjǘǒǎNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǘǔNJǑǥ NjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjNJ ǒǑ Ǘǒǟc Ƿ njc ǐNJǗǚǏ NJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜNJ ƱǗNJ
ǕǘnjǗǘǔǚǝǍǕǘǒcnǔǚǝǍǕǘǏ~ǔǚǥǕǦǠǘƫǕNJǍǘnjǏǣǏǗǛǔǘǓ ƴǘǕǕǒcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǛcǗǏǛǝǣǒǖǒnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦ njNJǏǜǛǩǙǕNJǗǑǎNJǗǒǩ ǗNJǚNJǛǛǜǘǩǗǒǒǛǖǎǚǝǍǘǜǎǚǝǍNJ ǖǏǗǒǜNJǩnƺǘǜǘǗǎNJ~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘnjcƷǒǔǘǕNJ
ǠǏǚǔnjǒnjcƵǩǎǒǗNJǟ ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǝǠǏǕǏnjǢǏǓǜǚǏǜǒǘǜ ǗǥǖǒǚǏNjǚNJǖǒƬǛǏǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏ ǗǘNjǕǒǐǏǔcnjǏǚǢǒǗǏǒǟǍǕǝNjǒǗNJǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǝǖǏǗǦǢNJ ƵǏǗǒnjǠǏ  ǒǖǏǏǜǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǜǘǜǐǏǙǕNJǗ ǙǚNJnjǎNJ
ǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǍǘnǜǚǘǓǗǒǔNJ~ǛǍǘǚǏnjǢǏǍǘnjccǍǘǎǝ ƹǘǕ ǗǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǝǐǏǖǘǍǝǜǛǙǚNJnjǒǜǦǛǩǛcǜNJǔǘǓǞǘǚǖǘǓ ǏǜǛǩƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓǘǙǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ ǗǏǘnjǘǒǎNJcǘnjNJǕ cǷǗǘǘǗNJǔNJǔnjǛǏǝcƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǙǚǘ
ǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǓǘǔǚǝǍǕǘǛǜǒǗǒǔNJǔNJǩǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǗǏǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕNJ ƬǥǛǜNJnjǔNJcǍǘǎNJǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǜǚǒǝǖ ǧǞǞǏǔǜǚNJǑǗǥǏǑǘǗǥǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǒǖǏǨǜǚNJǑǗǝǨǛǜǏ ǚǝǒǗǝǙǚǘǏǖǥNjǏǑǛǜǏǔǘǕǒcǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜǘnjǚNJǑǗǘǛǘǚǜǒ
NJcǛǚǝNjǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǏǏǒcǗǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǕNJƷǘǔNJǔǜǘǕǦ ǞǘǖǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǟǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓNJcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǙǏǚnjǘǓǙǘNjǏǎǘǓ ǙǏǗǦǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǒcǚNJǑǗǝǨǛǜǏǙǏǗǦǙǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǘǛǜǒ ǠNJǛǜNJǚǥǟǎnjǏǚǏǓǘǡNJǍNjǏǛǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǥǓnjcǚNJǛǙNJǟǗǝ
ǔǘǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǑNJǙǚǘǛǗNJnǝǎǒnjǒǜǦǒcǙǘǚNJǑǒǜǦ~ǜǝǜǐǏ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJƷǘǎǏǚǏnjǘNjǥǛǜǚǘǘǜǙǚNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǗNJ ƪcnjcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǖǏǛǜNJǟǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǓǛǩnjǗǝǜǚǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩ ǜǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏȁƲcǧǜǘǜǛǙǕǨǣǏǗǗǥǓǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ
njǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǜǒcǔǚǝǍǕǥǏǞǘǚǖǥcǷnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǥ ǛnjNJǕǔǝǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǛǕǏǎǘǖǜǝǎNJǐǏǘǜNjǥnjNJǏǜǒcNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎ ǒcnjǘnjǛǏǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǛǗNJǚǝǐǒȁƸǙǥǜǥǛǘǛnjǏǜǘǖcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘ ǔǚǝǍcǷǧǜǘǜǘǐǏǙǚǘǚǝǛǛǔǝǨNjǏǎǝcǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǞǘǚǖǥ
ƬǛǏǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǒǟnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǔǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǓcǍǘǎNJǒcǗǒǐǏ ƪcǖǒǚǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ ǜǘǡǜǘnjǥǎǏǕǩǏǜǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒLjǚǒǩƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗNJǒcnjǏǎǘǖǘ ǗǘǒcǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJƬǏǎǦǗǏǜǝcǗNJǛǜNJǔǒǟNjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǔNJ
ǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǍǘƪcǗNJǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏ ǒcǔcǗNJǡNJǕǝ<<-cnjǏǔNJǞǒǗǗǥǗǏǖǠǥNJnjǛǜǚǒǓǠǥǩǙǘǗ ǍǘǒǖNjǨǚǘnƹǚǘǏǔǜƶǏǍNJǗǘǖ~njcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǖǏǗǗǥǟǚǝǒǗǔNJǔnjcƹǏǚnjǘǖǒcƬǜǘǚǘǖƺǒǖǏnjǛǩǗNJǢNJ
cǍǘǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩǒcǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǓǔǝǙǘǕǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJǔǘǗ ǠǥǜnjǘǚǩǜǒǑǗǏǍǘǗǏǖǥǛǕǒǖǥǏǡǝǎǏǛNJǍǗǝǜǖǗǝǜǚNJǑ ǜǘǡǜǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǒǟnjcǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘNJcǙǘǟǘǐNJǩǜǏǖNJcǷ ǎǚǏnjǗǘǛǜǦcǷǎǏǚǏnjǘǜǘǏǛǜǦǜǚǝǟNJǒcǖǝǛǘǚǡǏǚǏǑǙNJǚǝ
ǗǏǑNJnjǘǎǛǜnjNJ ǍǗǝǜǥǏNJǚǔǒǒǎǝǜǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǎǘnjǏǚǢǒǗǥ  njǏǡǜǘǝǑǕǘǖǗǏǑNJnjǩǑǥnjNJǨǜƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǖǘǐǏǜ ǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩǑNJnjǏǛNJǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǚǏNjǚNJǛcǖǏǗǩǨǣǒǖǛǩ ǜǚǘǓǔǝ ǛǜǘǕǏǜǒǓ ƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗ ǐǏ ǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜ ǛǘnjǛǏǖ

158 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǎǚǝǍǝǨǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǒcǘnjNJǕǏǍǘcǷǗǏǛǙǕǨǣǏǗǗǘǛǜǦNJcNjNJ NJcǚNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǔNJǘǔǘǗnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǛǘǑnjǝǡǗNJǘǛǜǏǔǕǏ
ǚǘǡǗǥǓǒǑǥǛǔǒcǚǘǛǜǘǖǘǗcǷǗǏǙǏǗǦNJcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǒcǗǏ ǗǒǨǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǝǨǣǏǓnjǏǚNJǗǎǥƷǘǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǏǔǜ
ǚNJǛǟǚǒǛǜNJǗǘǗNJcǍǏǚǖǏǜǒǡǏǗǒcǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǜǝǜǛǜǏǔǕǘ ǝǙǚǘǣNJǕǛǩǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǝǨǙǚǒǑǖǝ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǒcnjcǙǘǖǒǗǏǗǏǜnjcnƺǘǜǘǗǎǏ~ ǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǩǖǒNjǕǒǑǔǝǨǙǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖǝ ǘNjǣǒǓ
ƷǘǜǘǡǜǘǛǜNJǕǘnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǡǒǛǜǘǓ njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǜǚǘǓǚNJǑnjǒǜǥǓǔNJǚǗǒǑǖǘǣǗǥǓnNJǚǟǒ
ǞǘǚǖǘǓǛǜNJǕǘǏǨǘǡǏǗǦǛǕǘǐǗǥǖǙǝǜǏǖƮǏǕǘnjcǜǘǖ ǜǚNJnj~ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǔNJǔǚNJǑǖǍǘǎNJǖǔǘǍǎNJNjǥǕNJnjǥǛǜǚǘ
ǡǜǘǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǒǑǎNJnjǗNJǛǜǘǩǕǎǘǖƲcǜǘǡǜǘǛcǗǒǖǙǚǘ ǏǗNJǛǜNJǚNJǩǎNJǡNJNJcnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏǙǚǘǒǑǘǢǕǘnjǜǘǚǘǏǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǏ
ǒǑǘǢǕǘǖǘǐǗǘǛǖǏǕǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǖǏǡǜǘǓǕǨNjǘǍǘǎNJǡǗǒ ǎNJǡǗǘǓǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥƹǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǑǗNJǕ
ǔNJƬǏǎǦǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǗǒǟǘNjǘǐNJǏǜǛnjǘǨǛǜNJǚǝǨǎNJǡǝcǷ ǐNJǗǚNJǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~NJcǝǐǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǜNJǔǘǓǙǚǘǑǚNJǡ
ǙǚǘǙǒǜNJǗǗǝǨǑNJǙNJǟNJǖǒǛNJǖǘnjNJǚNJǒcnjǘǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǩǖǒ ǗǘǛǜǒǜNJǔǡǜǘǧǜǘǔNJǔNjǥǚNJǑǖǥǢǕǏǗǒǏǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔǒǖNjǥ
ǎǏǜǛǜnjNJƷǘǡǜǘǐǏǛcǗǒǖǎǏǕNJǜǦǔǘǍǎNJǘǗǘNjnjǏǜǢNJǕ ǖǘǍNjǥǜǦnǎǘNjǚǥǓ~ǘNjǚNJǑǡǒǔǧǜǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩǘǡǒǣǏǗǗǥǓ
ǒcǝǛǜNJǕǏǛǕǒǛǗǏǛǜǒǚǝǔNJǗǏǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩ#ƲcƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗ ǘǜǛǜNJǕǒǗǛǔǘǓǛǔnjǏǚǗǥ
ǛǘnjǏǚǢNJǏǜǍǏǚǘǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǜǚǨǔǘǗǑNJNjǘǜǕǒnjǘǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝ ƲǧǜǘǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓǧǔǛǙǏǚǒ
ǒǚǝǏǜǛǜNJǚǥǓǎǘǖǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜnjǛǏǡǜǘǖǘǐǗǘnjǔǕǨǡNJǩ ǖǏǗǜǟǘǜǩǏǣǏǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǏǏǜǘǡǜǘǝǟǘǎǩnjcǧǜǝǙǚǘ
ǛǜNJǚǥǏǘǔǘǗǗǥǏǚNJǖǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǚǏǛǜNJnjǚǒ ǛǜǘǜǝǛcǙǏǚnjǘǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǚNJǛ
ǚǝǨǜǛǩNJcǝǐǏǑNJǗǒǖǒǛǜNJnjǒǜǗǘnjǥǏƸǛǗNJǣNJǏǜǎǘǖǗǘ ǛǜNJǜǦǛǩǜǘǐǏǗǏǑNJǟǘǜǏǕƲcǚǏǢǒǕǎǘnjǏǛǜǒǗNJǖǏǡǏǗǗǥǏ
njǘǓǜǏǟǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǗNJǡǒǗǔǘǓǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǩnjcǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǐǏ njcǙǏǚnjǥǟǧǛǔǒǑNJǟǧǜǘǓǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǛǨǐǏǜǥǎǘǑnjǘǗNJ
ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǍǘǛǜǏnjǝǨǛǙNJǕǦǗǨǒcǛNJǗǝǑǏǕNJcnjǘ nƮǘǛǜǒǡǦǡǒǛǜǘǜǥnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒcǷǔNJǔƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗ
njǜǘǚǘǖcǷǟǘǑǩǓǛǔǝǨǛǙNJǕǦǗǨǛcǛNJǗǝǑǕǘǖƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǒcǖǏǡǜNJǕcǷƻǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǏǎǘǕǐǗǘǛǜNJǜǦǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǥǖ~
ǗǘnjǥǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǎǒǗcǷǔǚǥǕǏǡǔǘ ƲcǝǐǏnjcnƫǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔǏ~ǘǔǜNJǍǘǗǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǘnjǘǒǎ
ƪǝǐǏnjǙǕǘǜǗǝǨǔcǛǜNJǚǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǙǚǒ ǔǚǘǗǢǜǏǓǗǥǑNJǛǜǚǝǒǕǒǛǦnjǗǒǑǙǒǕǘǗNJǖǒNJcǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘ
ǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǏǜǗǘnjǥǓcǷǛcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǒcǔǝǟǗǏǓǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǗNJǙǏǚ njNJǗǒǏǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓǙǚǏǍǚNJǎǥǝǛǕǘǐǗǒǕǘǛǦǎǘǙǚǏǎǏǕNJ
njǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǖǒǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖƸǗǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǜNJǔǘǓ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǙǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJnjnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓnǡǒǛǜǘǓ
ǧǔǛǜǚNJnjNJǍNJǗǜǗǥǓǔNJǔnƫǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJ~ǟǘǜǩǜǘǐǏnjǏǛǦǖNJ ǞǘǚǖǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǨǒǛǜǘǚǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ
ǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓƬcǙǏǚnjǥǟǧǛǔǒǑNJǟǧǜǘǗǏǚNJnjǗǘǛǜǘǚǘǗ ǜǝǚǥ~ƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗǖǝǎǚǘǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǜǘǜǙǚǘǏǔǜǍǎǏǘǗNJǗǏ
ǗǒǓǘǔǜNJǍǘǗǡǦǨǔǚǥǢǝǎǏǚǐNJǜǔǚǝǙǗǥǏǔǚǘǗǢǜǏǓǗǥ ǟǘǜǏǕNJnjǘǙǕǘǣNJǜǦǛǩǒcǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǕǏǏǚǩǎǘǖ

160 
* 
ɭ
34. ɭ  x  
 
  & 
R
  J
 '
E
"<SVU' NU'* W<;U;‡V)W ^ˆV UV X.V*JV^Š
;
 - ;
  X‡ <V)*ˆ- 'R* .UV*)U‰ N*)V‰ X.*V;



 "."- @G?I



  +, NU' JJ N*V !*X^V <X^]V ;XUVU NU'J
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
  & R !*X*#^ ;X^N- #)"RU* "<RV*X‰*X*< SVU "N‡ w UJUR-
JU'RV‡< VU)‰JU U!X')*R* SV. "NU"- ;)RXU"J
  %% !" #
' "‡XU) w ^_VJ <X;U)Ux*RW NU'- #UVŠ
(0 RW< "<]#UŠ w ;NRUˆ _V _VU!‡ )]!U"V‰W wJV'-
#)"RW ;)‰RW< R ]#UŠ " UVUJ* _VU!‡ "N*V‰ X"*V
<UU!*RRU w'Uˆ JU#N U)R` ')U R* V*XWV‰ R UNŠ
RU#U ;XU!)*J U)R*_RU#U "*V- )*VU' x* U)R`* VUŠ
V "‡UJU <V*XX‡ w~~]V ;)‰R] <#UVRUˆ UV
;*X*#X*"-

c ǔnjc ǖc ǙǕǘǣNJǎǒ ǎǘǖNJ ǗNJǎǘ ǎǘNjNJnjǒǜǦ


cǔnjcǖcǙǘǎnjNJǕNJǍǎǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǍNJǚNJǐǒcNjǘǓ
ǕǏǚǗNJǩǗǘǒcǛNJǝǗNJNjǒǕǦǩǚǎǔǒǗǘǜǏNJǜǚǁǜǘ
ǏǛǜǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǒǕǦǗǥǓǟǘǎǙǘǕǎǘǖNJǙǘǎ
ǑǏǖǕǏǓƼNJǔNJǩǙǚǘǏǔǠǒǩNjǥǕNJǕǨNjǒǖǘǓǜǏ
ǖǘǓnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ǝcƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘ Ǜcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖ
ƴǘnjNJǕǦǡǝǔǎǘǕǍǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǕ ǒcƽǜǔǒǗNJǏǛǜǦnjǒǕ
ǕNJnƷNJǝǜǒǕǝǛ~  ǍǎǏǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǗNJǎ
ǑǏǖǗǥǓǧǜNJǐǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǏǗǛNJǖǘǖǝǗǒǐǗǏǖǝ
ǙǘǎǑǏǖǗǘǖǝ ǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒǙǚNJnjǎNJǏǣǏǜǚǒ
ǧǜNJǐNJǙǘǎǑǏǖǕǏǓ ƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦ
ǗǘǓǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǘǓǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǒǝcƴǘnjNJǕǦǡǝǔNJǘǜ
njǏǡNJǏǜNJǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǩǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗNJǩǒcnjǒǎǒ
ǖNJǩǞǕǒǍǏǕǒǛǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǚǝǍ
ǎǚǝǍNJcǷǡǏǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjcǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟǗǏNjǥnjNJ
ƴǘǍǎNJǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǝǐǏǛǜǘǩǕǒǍǒ ǒcǒǗǜǒǖǗǘǑNJǍǕǝNjǕǏǗǗNJǩǛǏǚǏǎǒǗNJƪcǗNJǕǒǡǒǏǙǚǝǎNJ ǕǘLJǜǒǖǎǘǖǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǙǚNJnjǎǥnjNJǏǜǛnjǘǏǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǗǘ
ǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎnjǘǚǠǥǟǘǑǩǏnjǔǝǚǘǚǜNJǗǘǜNJǔǐǏ njcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǙǚǘǒǑǚNJǛǜNJǏǜǛǜǘǛcǕǒǢǗǒǖnjǒǎǘnjǚNJǛǜǒ ǒcǎǘǛǜǒǍNJǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǒ
ǒcǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǘnjƸNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǔNJǚǜǒǗǏǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǩǙǘǗǛǔǒǓǔǘǕǘ ƺNJǛǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǓǙǘǞǕǒǍǏǕǩǖ
ǔǚNJǓǗǒǏǜǘǡǔǒǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǗǘǓǕǒǗǏǓǔǒǑǎǏǢǗǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǚǒǜǒcǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘcǷnjǘǕǗǝǏǜ ǘǡǏǗǦǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjcNjǘǕǦǢǏǖ ǒcNjǕǒǐǏnjǥǎnjǒǗǝǜǘǖǔcnjǘǎǘ
ǜǝǚǥǗǘǒcnjcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǎnjǏǔǚNJǓǗǘǛǜǒǚǝǛ ƷǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǝǎǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕǟNJǚNJǔ Ǐǖǝ cǷǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǔǝǟǗǩƬcǖǏǗǦǢǏǖ ǒcǘǜǛǜǝ
ǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJcǷǢǒǚǘǜǝ ǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǗǏǙǕǘǟǘNjǥǛǝǑǒǜǦ ǜǏǚǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒnƮǘǖcǷǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜƭǘǗǛNJǕǏǛcǷǚNJǛ ǙNJǨǣǏǖǘǜnjǘǎǥ cǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǟǘǑǩǏnjǛcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓnjNJǗǗǘǓ
ǒcǛNJǖǘǝǗǒǡǒǐǏǗǒǏ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙNJǡǏǍǘǚǎǘǛǜǒ ƻcǛǏǚǏǎǒ ǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǙǚǩǖǘǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǙǘǕǩǎǕǩǍǘǕǦǞNJǑNJǒǍǚǘǓǏǍǘ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǘǓǒcǍNJǚǎǏǚǘNjǗǘǓƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǜǝǜǏǛǜǦǒcǜNJǔNJǩǒǗ
ǗǘǓǐǏǝcǗǏǍǘnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕǘǗǏnjNJǐǗǘǘǜǡǏǍǘǒcǖǗǘǍǒǏ ǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǒǖǘǍǝǜǛǕǏǎǒǜǦǛcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǥƴǚǘ ǗǘnjNJǠǒǩǔNJǔǢǏǛǜǒǖǏǜǚǘnjNJǩERXMGLEQFVIcǷnǝǜǚNJǡǏǗǗNJǩ
ǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥ njcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒcǷǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǛǚǏǎǗǏǍǘǔǕNJǛǛNJ ǖǏǜǘǍǘǘǗǗǏǗNJnjǩǑǡǒnjǘǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǗǝǨǚNJǖǔǝ njnjǒǎǝǘNjǣǏǍǘǘǙǚǘǣǏǗǒǩǗǚNJnjǘnjǗǘǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǏǘNj
ǠǏǖǏǗǜǒǚǝǨǣǏǍǘǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǘ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǩnjǕǏǗǒǨǧǜǘǍǘ ǍǘǕǦǞǙǘǕǨǛǜǘǩǗNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǖǏǐǎǝǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǓǒǛǔǝǛ ǟǘǎǒǖNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǘǜǎǏǕǩǏǜǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǝǨǡNJǛǜǦǘǜ
ǎǘǖǒǔNJǔǚǒǜǒǔNJnjǘǑǚNJǎǘnjNJǕNJǛǦNJcƯǕǏǗNJƭǘǗǛNJǕǏǛǜNJǔ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǛǚǏǎǘǓǒcǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛNjǏǚǏǍNJǏǖǘǓnjcǗǏǜǚǘǗǝ ǜǘǓǡǜǘǎǘǛǜǝǙǗNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǖ~ƷǘǛNJǖǘǏǕǨNjǘ
ǒcǗNJǙǒǛNJǕNJnƷǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘNjǥǕǘǛǘǑǎNJǜǦǧǜNJǕǘǗǽǛǏǚǏ ǜǘǖnjǒǎǏǙǘǕǘǛǘǓǕǏǛNJƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǐǏǎǘǖNJǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘ ǙǥǜǗǘǏǡǜǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǥnjcǧǜǘǖnǛǚǏǎǒǗǗǘǖ~ǎǘǖǏ
ǎǒǗǥǻƷǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǏcǷǗǏǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǏǗǏǗǒǑǔǘǏcǷǗǏ ǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǝǛNJǖǘǓǒǍǚǥƭǘǕǦǞcǷǒǍǚNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ ǒcǗǏǜƾǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǘǗNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǏǛǜǦǏǏǑNJǗǒǖNJǨǜǜǏ
njǥǛǘǔǘǏǗǏǎǏǢǏnjǘǏǗǘǒcǗǏǑNJǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǎǘǚǘǍǘǏ ǗǏǜǚǏNjǝǏǜǘǜǝǡNJǛǜǗǒǔǘnjǔǚNJǛǗǏǜǦǙǘǜǏǜǦǒcǗNJǙǚǩǍNJǜǦ nǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǥǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǖ~ǟǘǕǕǥǒcǎnjǏǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏ
ǁǜǘNjǗǒǡǏǍǘǽǡǏǚǏǛǡǝǚǻƲcǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǜNJǔǘǏǡǜǘNjnjǘǕ ǛǩƼNJǔǒcǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǜǒǙǒǡǗǥǓǔNJǗǜǚǒǟNJǝǛǛǘ ǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ ǔNJǐǎNJǩǛǘǛnjǘǏǓnjNJǗǗǘǓǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ ƷǘnjǛǏǧǜǘ
ǗǘnjNJǕǘǒcǙǚǒnjǕǏǔNJǕǘ~ njǛǏǖǒnjǥǜǏǔNJǨǣǒǖǒ~ ǗǒǔNJǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǗǏNJǚǜǒǔǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǗǘǧǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǛǜǏ
ƮǘǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǥǢǏǕǙǚǒnjǕǏ ƻǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǘǛcǍǘǕǦǞǘǖǘNjǩǑǥnjNJǏǜǑǘǕǘǜ ǀǘǔǘǕǦǒcǗNJǚǝǐǗǥǏǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǥǍǚNJǗǒǜǘǖƹǘǕǥ ǔǕǏǗǗǥǓǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔƼǘǏǛǜǦǜǘǓǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǥǔNJǔǘnjǘǓ
ǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǖcǷǗǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǓǝǨǜǗǥǓNJǐǛcǡǏǜǥǚǦǖǩǜǏǚ ǗǒǔǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏnjǏǕǒǔǗǘnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǎǘǚǘǍƼNJǔǡǜǘnǛǚǏ ǒǑnjǥNjǏǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǝNjNJǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǟcǷǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠNJƻNJǗ NjǥǕnjcǝǛNJǎǦNjǏǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖcǷnjǥǛǘǔǒǓǛcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒ
ǚNJǛNJǖǒƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǘǖǔcǙǚǝǎǝǞNJǛNJǎǏǛǜǏǗ ǎǒǗǗǘǛǜǦ~ǧǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘnǙǒǚǘǍǘnjǛǔNJǩ~ǔcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǜǏǟǗǒǔNJcǷǎǘǚǘǍNJǩǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǛǔNJǩ*PEQMRME ǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǘǖǜǝǜǗǏǜƾǕǒǍǏǕǒǗNJǖǏǛǜǏNJcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗNJcǷnjǥ
ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǗǏǜǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǘnjǛǏǛǙǕǘǢǦƬcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒ ǜǝǚǏǔNJǔǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǖǝǘǙǥǜǝǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǗǏǒǖǏǨǣNJǩ ƬǛǏǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǒǔǘǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏ ǗǝǜNJƲcǧǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǓǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǙǚǒǏǖ
ǛcǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǝǛNJǎǏNjǗǥǖǒǞǕǒǍǏǕǩǖǒ ƴNJǚǔNJǛǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥǢǙǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǔǚNJǛǗǥǖǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ ǝǖNJǕǩǏǜǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǎǘǖNJNJcǕǒǢǦ ǜNJǔǒǖǐǏnǔNJǜNJǖNJǚNJǗǘǖ~ǛǜǘǒǜǗNJƶǩǛǗǒǠǔǘǓǀǏǗǜǚǘ
ǔNJǐǝǜǛǩǎnjNJǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǟǘNjǤǏǖNJǎǘǖNJ ǧǜǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜ ǔNJǔǒcǙNJǗǏǕǒǛǜǏǗƼǚǏǟǛǕǘǓǗǥǏǛǜǏǔǕǘǙNJǔǏǜǥǛcǗǒǑ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǏǏNJǚNJǗǐǒǚǝǏǜƬcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǛǘǨǑƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏ ǗǘǒcǗǏǡNJǩǗǗNJǩǖǏǜNJǞǘǚNJǜǘǍǘǡǜǘ
ǎǏǚǑǘǛǜǦǨ Ǘǘ ǏǏ ǛǖǩǍǡNJǨǜ NjǘǕǦǢǘǓ njǥǗǘǛ ǔǚǥǢǒ ǔǘǧǖǒǛǛǒǘǗǗǥǖǛǜǏǔǕǘǖcǷnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜNJǟ ǚǏǐǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǎnjNJǖǘǖǏǗǜNJƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟǔcǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǖ ǛǏǚǏǎǒǗNJǝǛǔǘǕǦǑNJǏǜǎNJǐǏnjcǙǘǙǥǜǔǏǏǏǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒǜǦ

162 
35.
C 
  

a*Xa"‡ˆ< NVW ;XXUN‡ ;X "*ˆ "U*ˆ JU)]_*V

K 
UR N*)‰RU ";‡"*VW "<w*)*RU* UJX^x*R*- a*XaŠ
"‡ˆ JJ !‡ ;XV RN w*')*ˆ R* RX^aW `*)UVRUV
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

VX"WRU#U ;UJXU"- "'*V* <V*' NU' R* ''JXX^*V 'Š





 
 & & VX^W ;XXUNR‡* TUX'‡- SVU "*‰' N*)RRU* ;XUw"*Š

   . N*R* <S)*'*RV' .ˆŠ V *J N*J)XV"RU "‡R**RR‡'


R TN "<"N* '*V))_*JUˆ JURVX^J`- ;UVXUˆJ
   !" #
a)'R N*'URVXX^]V XUNV"*RRUV‰ ;*X"Uˆ <"VUŠ
(0 XUˆ ;XXUN‡F !)#UNXW a*Xa"Uˆ X.V*JV^X* XJŠ

   
  NRRUˆ ;U ^_VJ^ "*‰ )*RUˆ '" VRU"VW UNR'
x)‡' NU'U' UVUW~' w U#XU'RU#U _) JU'RV-
(;  X 
+ \ AQ ?>>G

nǂǏǚǢNJnjǘǖǝ~ǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǝǨǜǚǘ
ǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǑǒǍǑNJǍǖǏǜNJǕǕǘ
ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǡǏǚ
ɮ
ƷǘǏǛǕǒǙǏǚnjǥǏnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǏ~ǎǕǩǙǝ ǡǒnjNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǔǘǗǜǝǚǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǗǘǒcǔNJǔ
ǣǏǓNjǚǝǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǏǣǏǒcǘNjǢǒnjNJǕǒǛǦǍǚǝNjǘǓ NjǥǑNJǣǒǣNJǏǜǧǜǘǜǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǗǥǓǎǘǖǒǔƬcǧǜǘǓnjǏǚǛǒǒ
ǗǏǛǜǚǝǍNJǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓ ǘǜǔǝǎNJǒcǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏ ǜǘ ǞǏǚǖǥǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜǛǩǒcnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚcǷǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩǖǒ
ǑǎǏǛǦǎǘǛǔNJǝǐǏǍǕNJǎǔNJǩǔǚNJǢǏǗǗNJǩǡǏǚǗǥǖ ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǒcNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǎǘǖnjǏǛǦǗNJǛǔnjǘǑǦ
nƹǒǗǘǜǏǔǛǘǖ~NJcǔǚǥǢNJǜNJǔǒcnjǘnjǛǏNjǏǕNJǩ ǙǚǘǛǜǚǘǡǏǗǔNJǔǒǖǜǘǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǖnǑǒǗǍǏǚǘǖ~ƪǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒ
ƷǘǧǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǏǡǏǖǜǨǗǒǗǍǒǑǑNJNjNJnjǗǘǍǘǗǘ ǙǚǒǎNJǨǜǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǛǜǒǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǖǝǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝǚNJNjǘ
ǍǚǝNjǘnjNJǜǘǍǘǛNJǚNJǓǡǒǔNJnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǓ~ǙǚǏ ǜNJǩǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǔNJǔǩǡǏǓǔNJc*ǎǘǖNJƷNJǚǔǘǖǞǒǗNJƹǚNJnj
njǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǓǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǛǔǒǓǎǘǖǒǔ ǎNJǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥnǢǏǚǢNJnjǘǍǘ~njǛǏǐǏǙǘNjǘǕǦǢǏǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ
LJǜǘǜǎǘǖǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐǒǜǔcǛǏǖǏǓǛǜnjǝnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǟ~Ǘǘ ǑǏǖǕǏǓcǗNJǜǘǜǐǏǖǏǜǚǡǜǘǒcǙǏǚnjǥǏnǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǏ~ ƸǗ ƷǏǝǜǚNJǜǒnjǔNJǔǡNJǛǜǘNjǥnjNJǏǜǙǚǒNjǥǛǜǚǘǖ ǔǝǟǗǩǗǏǨǜǒǜǛǩǙǘǎǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǓNJcǙǚǒnjǘǕǦǗǘǚNJǛǔǒǎǥ
ǧǜǘǝǐǏǙǚǘǎnjǒǗǝǜNJǩnjǏǚǛǒǩƴǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǘǗǘǛǜNJǕ ǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǙNJǎNJǨǣǏǖǚǏǕǦǏǞǏǒcǜǝǎNJǐǏnjǗǒǑnǙNJǎNJǏǜ~ ǔNJǚǦǏǚǗǘǖǚǘǛǜǏǗǒǘǛǜǚǘǜǥǗǒǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦ njNJǏǜǛǩNjǝǔnjǘǓcnƭ~ǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǩǩǛǦǒǑǙǘǎǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥ
ǛǩǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǛnjNJǓǗǥǓǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕ ǏǍǘǔǚǥǢNJǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǏǏǔǘǑǥǚǦǔǒnjǥǕǏǜNJǨǜǑNJǙǚǏǎǏ ǗǘǛǜǒƶǘǐǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǏ njcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨ ǘǗNJǐǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ƬcǙǚǒǚǘ
njǜǒǛǗǝǜǦǎǘǖnjcǕǏǛǗǏǚǝNjǩǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǒcǗǏǔNJǕǏǡNJǔǘǚ ǕǥǙǕNJǜǞǘǚǖǥǛcǘNjǏǒǟǛǜǘǚǘǗǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǛǩǧǎNJǔNJǩǙǏ nǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǏ~NjǥǕǒnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǒǗNJǡǜǘǗǏǙǘ ǎǝǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǖǘǔǗǘǖ ǚNJǑNjǒǜǥǖ
ǗǒǙǕNJǜǞǘǚǖNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǘNjǢǒǜǥǓǞNJǗǏǚǘǓ ǚǏnjǏǚǗǝǜNJǩǙǚǒǑǖNJnƱNJǛǡǏǜǽǘNjǚNJǜǗǘǓǻǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǔǒ ɭ '
 #
 - ǟǘǐǒNJcǧǜǘǜǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǓNJǖNjNJǚ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǗNJǔǕǏǜǘǡǏǔ ǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓƹǚǒ
ǛcǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǏǖnǛǜǏǐǔǒ~ǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǞǏǚǖǔǘǜǘǚǥ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǏǝǛǜǘǓǡǒnjǘǍǘǚNJnjǗǘnjǏǛǒǩǒcǗNJǚǝ W  <  ǔNJǔǒǟǝǐǏǖNJǕǘǗNJƺǝǛǛǔǘǖƻǏnjǏǚǏǗǘǏǣǏǗǏǖǗǘǍǘ ǧǜǘǖǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǂNJǕǖǒǗǝǖǝǎǚǩǏǜǛǩ
ǖǒǎǘǖnǘNjǖǏǜNJǗ~ǙǘnjǛǏǖǝǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝƷǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǒǑ ǢǏǗǒǩǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǥcǷǖǒǕNJǩǛǏǚǎǠǝNJnjǜǘǚNJǽNJǍǚǏǛǛǒnj R 
- @G?= ǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦnjcǖǝǑǏǏnƶNJǕǥǏƴǘǚǏǕǥ~ǁǦǏǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǜǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǗǘǏǣǏǒcǔNJǖǒǗǗǥǓǑNJǕ
ǖǏǗǒnjǢǒǟǛǩǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǓǎǘǖǛǜNJǕǕǏǍǡǏǗǒǐǏǒǑǩǣ ǗǘǛǜǦǻ~cǷǘǜǕǘǐǒnjǚNJǎǒǜNJǔǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǞǘǜǘNJǙǙNJǚNJǜ ɮ B <;

ǛnjǩǑNJǗǘǛcǘǛǜǚǥǖǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǗǒǏǖǒǟǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǗǘǛǜǒ ǛcnjǒǎǏǘǧǔǚNJǗǘǖƷNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǒcǙǒǛǦǖǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕ
ǗǏǏǒcǙNJǚǒǜǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏǘǜǡǏǜǕǒnjǘ ǟǘǜǩǙǘǎǗǩǜǗNJǎ ǗNJǙǒǛNJǕǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞƪǗǎǚǏǓljǍǝNjǛǔǒǓ < (' B J  B+ njǛǏnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔnjcǒǑNjǏǗǘnjcǙǩǜǦǚNJǑǖǏǗǦǢǏ ǝcǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǍǘǘǔǗNJƲcǎNJǐǏNjNJǕǔǘǗ

164 
36.
Q


 

SVUV NU' VUW~ˆ R !*X*#^ 'UJU"JU#U

-  
'UXW wR_)‰RU ;X*NRwR_)W N)W )*VR*Š
#U UVN‡. !U)‰aUˆ *'‰ .UVW "<R*' *V‰ "*
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

R*U!.UN'U* N)W JU'TUXVRUˆ xwR <"<.U)UNRU* "X*Š





 
 

  'W #UN- !)wUV‰ "UN‡ <^")*_*R* wJw_J W.V*RR‡'

 
 
 ;UXVU' ;UNJw) U!Xw JU'TUXV!*)‰RU#U JU X!)W
N)W *'*ˆRU#U UVN‡. R "UN*- X*)V_RUV SVUˆ '*Š
     ) :;<=>
VTUX* NU!")W*V "N R ;XVR‰ <"UNR^] #)N‰ JUVUŠ
  4% !" # X‡' 'UxRU )]!U"V‰W w UJUR "VUXU#U SVx- <_VU!‡
(- NU' UX#R_RU 'UVX*)W R UVJX‡VUˆ )a*RRUˆ N*X*"‰Š

 )   *" '*VRUV <XU"R‡' X*)‰*TU' '‡ ;UVX)‰ ;XŠ
NV‰ *'^ )*#JUV‰ <*N" U~^V'‡ˆ ]xR‡ˆ J`*RV- ;X
;XU*JVXU"R SVU#U U!Ž*JV VU_RJU' "NU.RU"*Š
RW N)W '*RW V) wR'*RV‡ˆ NU' #S'!) "Uw"*N*RR‡ˆ
"<@G>=<#UN^ "<;NR* ™aš <W""aˆW "U*#U XUN SJŠ
;*X'*RVU' "<;U)‰wU"R XwRUU!XwR‡. ;UXUN N*X*Š
" "<VXUV*)‰V"* <UVN*)J*-

ɭ
ƬǛǏǖǒǚǗǥǓǝǛǙǏǟǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǒ,32/%ǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕǒǗǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǝǎNJǡǗǥǖǛǜNJǚǜNJǙǘǖNJcǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏǖǜǚǏǟǧǜǒǟ ǗNJǛǚǏǎǗǒǓǔǕNJǛǛ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǕNjǘǕǦ NjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ƬcǗǏǍǘǡNJ
ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǛǜǥǟǗǘǛǒǕǦǗǥǟǞNJǔǜǘǚǘnjƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟ ǗNJǡNJǕǎǏǚǏnjǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǎǝǟǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ ǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǞǒǗǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǚǘǎǘǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǩ ƷǘǙǘǛǕǏǜǘǍǘǔNJǔ ǛǜǘnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǍNJǕǏǚǏǩǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ
ǎǏǚǏnjǘƶNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǔǘǜǘǚǥǓƿƿnjǏǔǝǛǜNJǕǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩNJǚ nƺǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǨnjcǘǜǚNJǛǕǒcǷǛǘǘNjǣNJǏǜ njccǍǘǎǝǔǘǚǘǕǏnjNJƯǕǒǑNJnjǏǜNJǑNJǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǏNjǏǎǘǖ,32/% njǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǗǘǒcǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦ
ǟNJǒǡǗǥǖǒcǝǐǏǙǘǡǜǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǨƸǎǗNJǔǘ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛNJǓǜ,32/%cǷNjǚNJǜǦǩǛǘnjǏǚǢǒǕǒǛcǙǘǖǘǣǦǨ njcǂǘǜǕNJǗǎǒǒǛǜNJǕǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǡǜǘǜǏǖNJnjǥǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǏǜǒǛ ǗǘǏǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǏƪcnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJƬǏǛǏǕǘnjNJǏǣǏ
ǐǒǜǏǕǒƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǒǗǏNjǥǕǒǜNJǔǜǘǚǘǙǕǒnjǥǒcǙǘǛǙǏǢ ǔǘǚǘNjǔǒǙǏǚǏǎNJǡǘǜǜǚNJǔǜǘǚNJǒcǙNJǚǥǚǏǕǦǛǘnj~ƾǚNJǑNJ ǙǥǜNJǗǒǏǕǨNjǥǖǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǘǖƲcǔǘǍǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝ,32/% ǒcnjǥǎǏǕǩǏǜnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǛnjǏǜǘǗǘǛǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJ
ǗǥnjcǘǜǚǏǡǏǗǒǒǘǜǙǚǘǢǕǘǍǘǔNJǔǎǚǝǍǒǏǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǠǥ ǍǚNJǖǘǜǗǘǘǜǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǗNJǢǒǟǛǏǚǎǠNJǟNJǗǏǔǎǘǜǘǖǙǚǘ ǙǚǒǢǕNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǨNjǥǕǘǩǛǗǘǡǜǘǚNJǛǛǡǒǜǥnjNJǜǦǏǓǗNJǎǘ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥƸǗǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǗǒ
ǑǎǏǛǦǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǗǏǙǚǏǚǥ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnǛcǙǘǖǘǣǦǨǔǝnjNJǕǎǥǒcǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǖNJ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǜNJǔǝǨǠǏǕǏnjǝǨNJǝǎǒǜǘǚǒǨƽǛǕǘnjǗǥǓǛǚǏǎǗǒǓ ǑǥnjNJǏǜǎǘǖǗNJǛǔnjǘǑǦǗǘǏǣǏǒcǝǎNJǡǗǘǚNJǛǔǚǥǜǘnjcǛǜǘǚǘ
njNJǕNJǛǦƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǘǗNJǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕNJǛǦǗǘ ǜǏǚǒ~njǑǕǘǖNJǕǒNjǝǗǔǏǚǗNJƶNJǚǛǏLJǜǘǜǘǗǔǒǓǗNJǖǏǔǗNJ ǔǕNJǛǛnjcǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǔǝǙNJǕǙǏǚnjǥǏǔnjNJǚ ǗǝǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓƸǎǗNJǔǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǧǜǘǍǘǟǘǎNJ
ǒcnjǙǒǜǥnjNJǕNJnjcǛǏNjǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǏǒǗǜǏǗǠǒǒƬǏǕǒ ǚǘǎǛǜnjǘǎnjǝǟǛǜǚNJǗǗNJNjǕǒǑǘǛǜǦǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǗNJǕǏǐNJǣǒǏ ǜǒǚǥǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǓnjǥǛǢǒǓcǷǛǜǚǘǒǕǑNJǖǔǒǒǑǔǚNJǛǗǘǍǘǔǒǚ ǘǗǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǘcǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǏǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǟǒǑNjǍǎǏǎnjNJǛǚǝNjNJ
ǔǒǓƪǕnjNJǚƪNJǕǜǘǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕǎǏǚǏnjǘnjǘ njcǒǟǘǛǗǘnjǏǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǓNJǛǔǏǜǒǑǖǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǝǨǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǝ ǙǒǡNJƫǥǔNJǗǝǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǚNJǜǦǑNJǛNJǖǥǏǚǘǍNJNjǕNJǍǘǔcǎǏǚǏ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǕǒǛǦǛǏǗǩǖǒƲcǗNJǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǞNJǛNJǎǏǧǜNJǜǏǖNJǙǘǎ
njǛǏǟǛnjǘǒǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟǜǘǗǔǘǒcǎǏǕǒǔNJǜǗǘǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǩǏǍǘ ǖǝǐǒǠǔǝǨǛǖǏǔNJǕǔǝǒcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǝǨǍǚǝNjǘnjNJǜǘǛǜǦƷǘ njǝǘǗnjǛǏǐǏǙǒǜNJǕǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǝǨǗǘǛǜNJǕǦǍǒǨƸǛǜNJnjNJǕǘǛǦ ǡǏǚǔǗǝǜNJǙǘǎǘNjǒǏǖǎnjǝǟǚǒǑNJǕǒǜǘnjǔǚǥǜǥǟǗNJǎnjNJǛǔNJ
ǛcǔǒǚǙǒǡǘǖƼǘǏǛǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǗǏǘNjǚǏǕǘǑǎǏǛǦǜǘǍǘǘǜ ǚǘǎǛǜnjǘǚǘǎǛǜnjǘǖNJcnjǛǏǙǘǙǥǜǔǒƻƻƻƺǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǗNJǔǘǗ ǙǘǖǗǘǐǒǜǦǞǒǗǛǔǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǗNJǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǚNJǑǖNJǟƲǖǏǗǗǘ ǜNJcǷǜǘǐǏnjǙǘǕǗǏnjcǎǝǟǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒ
ǜǏǗǔNJǖNJǚǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǔNJǔnjǘǖǗǘǍǒǟǎǚǝǍǒǟǛǜǚNJǗNJǟ njǏǓǏǚǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjcǔǘǗǠǏǟǍǘǎǘnjǝǛǙǏǟǘǖǗǏ ǚNJǑǖNJǟǘǖǙǏǚnjǥǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǎǘǖNJ,32/%ǒcǑNJǡNJǚǘnjǥnjNJǕǒ ƮǘǖǣǏǎǚǘǝǛǗNJǣǏǗǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒǡǜǘ
njǔǕǨǡNJǩƻƻƻƺǍǎǏǘǗǘNjǥǕǘǛǙǒǛNJǗǘnjcNJǚǟǒnjǎǒǚǏǔ ǝnjǏǗǡNJǕǒǛǦNJcǝǐǏǙǚǒƿǚǝǣǫnjǏnjǥǚǘǎǒǕǒǛǦnjcǣǒǜǘnjǘǏ ɭ N  ƒ„…†q   B ǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǒǑǧǜǘǍǘǎǏǎǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǚǘ njnjǘǎǒǜǝǐǏǎǚǝǍǝǨǜǏǖǝcǷǜǏǖǝǎNJǡǒƷǘǏǛǕǒnjcǛǜNJ
ǜǒnjǗǥǖǙǘǚǩǎǔǘǖƬǜǚǏǜǦǒǟnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜƻǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘ ǎNJǡǗǘǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƵǒǢǗǒǓǚNJǑǙǘǎǚǥnjNJǩǎǘnjǏǚǒǏ "
 


ǒǜǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǏǛǗǥǏǒcǜǏǖǗǥǏǒǑNjǝǢǔǒǗǘǒcǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǥǏ ǚǥǟǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǎNJǡNJǟǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǡNJǛǜǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕNJǔNJǔǕǏǍ
ƻǘǨǑNJǛǎǏǕNJnjǢǏǍǘǛǜNJnjǔǝǗNJǔǘǖǖǝǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏ ǒcǔcǎǏǚǏnjǝǒcǔcǔǘǗnjǏǓǏǚǝǎNJǒcǔcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓnjǕNJǛǜǒcǷǔǘ *
B<OO- @GQ> ǜǏǚǏǖNJǑNJǕǒǜǥǏǛnjǏǜǘǖƮǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǧǜǘNjǥǕǘ ǔǘǖǥǛǕǏǗǗNJǩǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǡǔNJǔcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǝǜǏǕǝǎǘǖNJǜǝǜ
ǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǘǕǒǜǒǔNJǛǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǛǔǒǟǛǜǚNJǗǔNJǔǚNJǑǙǘ ǜǘǚNJǩǛNJǖNJǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǏǨǜǒǕNJǛǦǗNJǛǘǜǔNJǟǙǚǏǎǙǘ ǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǖǡǝǎǘǖǒcǘǗǗNJǗǏǍǘǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǔǝǙǒǕǛǩ ǘǗǒǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǖǏǍǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖǜǘǜǐǏNjǚǝǛ
ǘǣǚǩǕNJǡNJǛǜǗǘǏǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏƲcǙǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǔNJǏǍǘǗNJǒǗ ǡǒǜNJǩnjǒǕǕǥnjcƫNJǚnjǒǟǏƪcnjcƾǒǗǕǩǗǎǒǒǝǐǏnjccǍǘǎǝ ƲǕǝǡǢǒǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǎǘǖNJ,32/% NJcǒǟǝǐǏ ǜNJǐǏǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦƹǚNJnjǎNJǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩǒǟnjǥǙǘǕ
ǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǥǏǚǏǕǦǛǥNjǥǕNJǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǖǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖ ǛcǔǘǗnjǏǓǏǚNJnjcƵǒǏǔǛǏǛǘǢǏǕǙǏǚnjǥǓNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǥǓǎǘǖ njccǍǘǎǝƺǘǛǛǒǩNjǥǕNJǙǚǒǑǗNJǗNJǛNJǖǥǖǝǛǙǏǢǗǥǖ ǗǏǗǥǒǑǘǡǏǗǦǜǘǗǔǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǣǏǍǘǗǘǜǗǝǨ
ǧǜǘǓǙǘǕǒǜǒǔǒƼǘǏǛǜǦǔǘǍǎNJNjǚNJǜǦǩƺǏǓǗǘǒcƪǚnjǘƻNJ ƲcǜǏǙǏǚǦǒǟnjcǛǜǚNJǗNJǟǖǒǚNJ ǚǥǗǔǘǖǔǘǗǠǏǚǗNJ cǷǗǏǙǚǘǚNJǑǖǏǚNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǙǚǘǛnjǏǜ ǕǒǗǏǓǔǝȁƲcǧǜǘǒǑǩǣǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǕǒǢǗǒǓǚNJǑǎǘǔNJ
NJǚǏǕNJǓǗǏǗǥǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǒnjccǍǘǎǝNJnjǜǘǖNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ ,32/%ǡNJǛǜǘǛǚNJnjǗǒnjNJǨǜǛcǛǘǛǏǎǛǔǘǓ ƼǘǡǗǏǏǘǗǒǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǜǛnjǘǓǚNJǑǖǏǚǡǜǘNjǥǗNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǦ ǑǥnjNJǏǜǡǜǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǎǘǖǘnj,32/%
ǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǗǏ -/)%ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǘǗNJǜǘǐǏǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǛǦ ǎǘǖǛnjǏǜǘǖƻNJǖǥǓǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǥǓǙǚǒǏǖcǷǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǏ njcǗǒǟnjǛǏǍǎNJǏǛǜǦǖǏǛǜǘǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǒ

166 
37.
0 
  ɭ " 
 T

%% -
JP: <R  

-
 &
^<'*RW T^RJ`W )*N^*V TUX'*- ;UVU'^

R
2007 _VU #)"RU* "<X.V*JV^X*< SVU TUX'-
J   T^RJ`W 'Ux*V '*RWV‰W- N JJW "UU!Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

<:
 XB
- @Q?@ ~* XwR` _VU‹ #)"RU* _VU!‡ JX"U !‡)U-




3  ɯ  _ -
X.V*JV^X< SVU "<;*X"^] U_*X*N‰ J^V"U

   & J <R  



- VX^JV^XXU"V‰- "UV )*xV J^_ VU;)WJU"< <W<*ˆ

2005 '‡) ;XN] VX^JV^XX^]-


  ' !" #
RV*X*RU< SVU JU#N ;XUVXRV" XwR‡*- VU
(- !U)‰aU* VU ')*R‰JU*- <JU#N N"UX*` R M>><'*VŠ

 
      XU"< _VU x V^V RV*X*RU#UŒ
 N*X*"U< SVU "UU!~* 'U* )^_a**- UU!*RRU
URF ^<R** VJ* "U)UJR R*xR‡* 'W#J*- R"*XŠ
ɮ ɯ
RU* UR ;USVU'^ VJUˆ `"*V N*V- <SVU VU w _VU
W<!U)‰a* "*#U N*X*"U )]!)]F "UV SVUV VUR *X*!Š
XV‡ˆ- JJ R VX‡. `*XJ"W.-

LJǜǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǏǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǣǏǏǛNJǚNJǓǛcǔNJǖ ǘǜǎǥǟNJǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǩǒcǚNJǑǖǥǢǕǏǗǒǩ ǨǣNJǩnjǛǨǧǜǝǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǗǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǛǖǏǢǗǘǓ ǔNJǔ


ǙNJǗǒǕǘǓǖǘǍǕǘNjǥǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǘǡǏǚǏǎǗǘǓǙǘǎǏǕǔǘǓ ƪcǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǚǩǎǘǖǙǚǘǜǏǔNJǏǜǚǏǔNJƲǗǩ ǧǜǘǘNjǥǡǗǘǛcNjNJǢǏǗǔNJǖǒNjǥnjNJǏǜ 
ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǖǝǐǒǔNJǝǖǏǕǦǠNJǎǒǔǘnjǒǗǔǘǓǔNJǔǘnjǥǟǖǗǘǍǘ ǙǚǒǜǘǔƸNjǒǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛcǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǏǏǗǏ ƪ ǙǘǔNJ ǎǘǖ ǗǏ ǘNjǢǒǕǒ ǒǑǗǝǜǚǒ ǏǍǘ
ǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǘǙǘǎNJǡǗǥǖǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǖƪcǝǐnjǥǛǘǔǒǏNjNJǢǏǗ njǒǎǗǘǜǘǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjǘǑǗǒǔǕNJǖǥǛǕǦ ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǛǘNjǘǓǘǎǗǝNjǘǕǦǢǝǨǒǗ
ǔǒ ǜNJǔǒǏnǡǜǘǖǘǐǗǘǘǜǜǝǎNJnjǒǎǏǜǦǎNJǐǏƶǘǛǔnjǝ~ njǛǏ ǘcNjNJǢǗǏcǷǎNJNjǥǚǏǔǝnjǛǏǐǏNJǙǚǘǙǚǒ ǛǜNJǕǕǩǠǒǨǛnjǏǜǢǏǕǡǏǚǏǑǣǏǕǒǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǘNjǘǐNJǨǜƸǎǗNJǔǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǏǏnjcǔNJǖǙNJǗǒǕǝ ǒǚǘnjNJǜǦƴǘǗǏǡǗǘcǏǏǖǏǜǚǘnjǗǏǛǚNJnj ǒcǛǟǕǏǛǜǥnjNJǩǛǦǙǘǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǚNJǑǕǘǐǒǕǛǩǗNJ
ǘNjǣNJǩǕNJǔǘǗǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǘNjǤǏǖNJǒcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔNJǔǒǟǕǒNjǘ ǗǩǜǛǩǛccǖǏǜǚNJǖǒǔǘǕǘǔǘǕǦǗǒnjcƻǝǚ ǛǜǏǗǥǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǖǒǛǔǚǏǣǏǗǒǩǖǒcǷǗǏǜǘǚNJǗǗǒǓ
ǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǟǔǚNJǛǘǜnjǥǎNJǨǜǑNJǧǜǒǖǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǖ ǎǏǢǜǒ ǧǜǘǜ ǚǝǖǥǗǛǔǒǓ ǟǚNJǖ ǎǘǕǍǘ ƮǧǗƾǕNJnjǒǗǗǏǜǘǙǘǑǎǗǒǓƮNJǗǒǧǕǦƵǒNjǏǛǔǒǗǎ
ǚǝǔǝǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕNJƼǘǡǗǏǏǎNJǐǏǎnjǝǟƸǎǒǗǒǑǗǒǟ ǎǏǚǐNJǕǑnjNJǗǒǏǛNJǖǘǓnjǥǛǘǔǘǓǎǏǚǏ LJǜǘǜǙǚǒǏǖǁǏǚǗǘnjǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǔǘǍǎNJǜǘnjcǔNJǞǏ
ǙǚNJnjǎNJnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǕǔNJǔǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǗǘǕǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǏǍǘǗǏǖNJ njǩǗǗǘǓǠǏǚǔnjǒnjcǖǒǚǏ ǘǎǗNJǔǘǔǘǗ ǗNJǗNJNjǏǚǏǐǗǘǓƷǘnjǘǛǒNjǒǚǛǔNJǡǏǜǥǚǏǏǍǘǞNJ
ǕǘnjNJǐǗNJLJǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƬNJǕǏǚǒǓƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjNJnjǜǘǚ ǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǘNjǏǒǟNjNJǢǏǗǛǟǘǐǗǏǛǝǣǒǏ ǗǏǚǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥNjǥǕǒǒǑǚǏǑNJǗǥǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǕǘNjǑǒǔǘǖ
ǛNJǖǥǟǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǟǑǎNJǗǒǓƷǘnjǘǛǒNjǒǚǛǔNJcǷnNjǝǜǘǗNJ~ njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǒǙǏǚǏǟnjNJǡǏǗǥǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǥ ǒcǎNJǚǒǕǒǙǘǛǏǜǒǜǏǕǏǓǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǘǖǏǗǩǨǣǏǓǛǩ
nǔǘǔǘǗNJ~ǒcnǢNJǚǒǔNJ~ƬǛǏǘǗǒǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥnjǛǏǔǚǒnjǘ ǖǒǛnjǩǑǩǖǒƷǘǏǛǕǒnjcƻǝǚǎǏǢǜǒǔNJǔ ǒǍǚǘǓǛnjǏǜNJƲcǎǘǜǘǍǘǔNJǔƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjǙǚǘǒǑǚNJǛ
ǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǏǚnjǥǓcǷǚNJǑnjǕǏǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǠǏǗǜǚ ǒcnjǘnjǛǏǟǎǚǝǍǒǟǟǚNJǖNJǟƶNJǚNJǖǝǚǏǢNJ ǜǒǕǛnjǘǒnǔǘǔǘǗǥ~ǔNJǞǏNjǥǕǘǛNJǖǥǖǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǖ
njǜǘǚǘǓcǷǘǞǒǛNJcǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǔNJǞǏ ǧǜǘǜǔǚNJǓǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǕNJnjǏǗǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǞNJǔǜǘǖǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƷǘnjǘǛǒNjǒǚǛǔNJ
ƲǖǏǗǗǘ ǔNJǔ ǙNJǚǘǎǒǩ ǗNJ ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓ ǗǥǖǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘǖ ǔNJǚǔNJǛǑNJǢǒǜǍǘǗ nƷNJǓǜǒǛǚǏǎǒǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǥǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǔǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǟǕǏǜ
ǒcNjǥǕǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǗNJǎNJǡǗǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjNJnǡǝǖ~ ǜǘǖǜǘǝcǁǏǚǗǘnjNJǗǏǜǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǒǩǗNJ ǘNjǤǏǔǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓNjǥǕNjǥǜNJǔǐǏǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǏǗǒcǙǚǒ
ǘǗǐǏNjNJǚNjǏǔǨǟNJǝǛcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǒǔǘǛNJǧǎǚǛcǚǏNjǚǘǖ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨǒcǘǜǎǏǕǔǝǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩ ǧǜǘǖǛǜǘǕǦǐǏǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǏǗǙǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǨǔNJ
njccǖǏǜǚNJƯǍǘǞǘǚǖǝǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǕǔǝǙǕǏǗǗǥǓǙǘǛǕǝ ǘNjǗNJǐǏǗNJǒcǘǗNJǐǏǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǍǕNJnj ǙǒǜNJǕǦǗǥǟnjǕǘǐǏǗǒǓǗNJǖǗǏǝǎNJǕǘǛǦcǷǙǒǢǏǜ
ǡNJǨǔNJǚǔNJǛǘǜǙNJǚǗǒǔNJǘNjǚNJǑcǷǍǏǘǎǏǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔǝǙǘǕ ǗǝǨǔǚNJǛǘǜǝǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƵǘǐǔǒǗǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǙǏnjǏǠǒcNJǗNJǕǒǜǒǔ
ƫNJǔǒƾǝǕǕǏǚNJNJcǛǜǏǗǔǒǛcǘNjǚNJǜǗǥǖǗNJǔǕǘǗǘǖǘNjǚNJǑǘ ƮǚǝǍǘǏǎǏǕǘǡǜǘǘNjǧǜǘǖǗǏǛǚNJǑǝǎǘ ǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷƸǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǒcǧǞ
ɭ
njNJǕǒǝǎǘNjǗǥǏǛǙǒǗǔǒǛǔNJǖǏǏǔƸNjǢǒǜǥǓǗǏǘNjǚǏǑǗǘǓ ǍNJǎNJǏǢǦǛǩǎǘǛǔNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǘNjǢǒnjǔNJƸǎǗNJǔǘǜNJǔǗNJ ǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǗǏǐǒǑǗǏǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǥnjcǗǏnjǘǕǏǧǔǛǙǏǚ
ǎǘǛǔǘǓǘǗNjǥǕǛǘNjǚNJǗǑNJcǖǒǗǝǜǒcǙǘǎNJǚǏǗƾǒǕǒǙ ƺǝǛǒǎǘǛǔǒǗǏǙǚǒNjǒnjNJǕǒǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǙǕǘǜǗǒǔǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦ ǜǒǑǛǘǍǕNJǛǘnjNJǗǒǓǒcǽǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǻǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJ~
ǙǘnjǝǗNJǎǏǗǦǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǩǛǘǛǏǎǘǖǙǘǎNJǡǏcǷƪǗǎǚǏǏǖ njǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǐNJǕǘnjNJǕƼǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǓǞNJǟnjǏǚǔ ƻǜǚǘǩǐǏǛnjǘǨnǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǝǨǔNJǖǙNJǗǒ
ǁǏǚǗǘnjǥǖƼNJǔǡǜǘǙNJǚǘǎǒǩǧǜNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǎǚǝǐǏǛǔNJǩǗǘ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǏǏǒcǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕcǷnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcǙǕǘǜǗǒǔǒ Ǖǝ~ǁǏǚǗǘnjǘNjǘǢǏǕǛǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǏǑǕǏǛǘnjǗǘ
njcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩcǷǗNJǢǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǒǓǘǜnjǏǜǡǏǖNjǏǚǕǏǗǝǟNJǓ ƶNJǚNJǖǝǚǏǢNJǁǏǚǗǘnjǝǐǏǒǎǏǨǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒǙǚǘǎǒǔ ǒcNjǏǑǡǏǚǜǏǐǏǓ njǛǏǎǏǕNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǛǜǚǘnǙǘǖǏǛǜǝ~ NjǏǑ
ǜǏǔǝnƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjǟǘǜǏǕǏǣǏǘǔǗǘǎǘNjNJnjǒǜǦǗǘǩcǛǔNJǑNJǕ ǜǘnjNJǕǒ ǛǘǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǩ ǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǒ ǜNJǔǘǏ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏ Ǚǘ ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnj ǛǜǘǓǔǒNjNJǢǗǒǒǑǓcǎǘǛǔǒ 
ǗǏǜƬcƻǒNjǒǚǒǗNJǎǘǍǕǝǟǘǒǗNJǡǏǙǕǘǟǘnjǏǜǏǚǎǘǐǎǦ ǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNjǏǑǕǏǛǘnjnƸǎǒǗǙǘǎNJnjNJǕǎǚǝǍǘǓ NjǏǑǎǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜNJ ǎǘǖǛǘNjǚNJǕǒǎnjǘǏ
ǛǗǏǍƪcǜNJǔcǷǜǏǙǕǘǑǒǖǘǓǒcǕǏǜǘǖǗǏǐNJǚǔǘƮǏǚǏnjǘ~ ǔǚǏǙǒǕ~cǷǛcǍǘǚǎǘǛǜǦǨǔǘǖǖǏǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǘǗǛnjǘǏǗǘǝ ǚNJNjǘǡǒǟǑNJǎǏǛǩǜǦǎǗǏǓ ƮǝǖNJǕǎNJǐǏǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦǒcNjǏǑ
ƻǜNJǕǒ ǎǚǝǑǦǩ ǢNJǢǕǥǔǒ njc ǡǝǖǏ ǐNJ ǟNJǝƷǘNjǝǎǝǡǒǖNJǜǏǚǥǖǑǘǎǡǒǖǁǏǚǗǘnjǏǣǏǒcǙǘǎ ǘǔǘǗǜNJǔǏǖǝǗǚNJnjǒǕǘǛǦǧǜǘǕNJǙǒǎNJǚǗǘǏǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏƷǘ
ǚǒǜǦǑNJǔǝǛǥnjNJǜǦǡǜǘǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩǎNJǎǝǖNJǜǦǡǜǘǎǏ ǎǏǚǐNJǕ ǜǏǖǝ ǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒ ǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǏǓ ǙǕNJǗNJ NjNJǢǗǩ ǙǘǜǘǖǛǘǡǒǗǒǕǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǨnǙǕNJnjNJǨǣǒǟǘǔǘǗ~cǷǙǚǘ
ǕNJǜǦǛcǛNJǚNJǏǖǎǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǖǛǩƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjǝǘǜǙǚǏǐǗǏ njǚǏǑNJǗNJnjcǎǘǖǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖcǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjƲcǙǒǚNJǖǒǎǔNJ ǏǖǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǚǏǑNJǜǦǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjcǕǨNjǘǖ
Ǎǘ ǟǘǑǩǒǗNJ ǝǡNJǛǜǔNJ ƺǏǢǒǕǒ ǡǜǘ ǧǜǘ NjǝǎǏǜ ǎǘǖ ǎǕǩ NjNJǢǏǗǔǒ Ǜnjǘǒǖǒ ǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔNJǖǒ ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ njǏǗǡNJ ǖǏǛǜǏcǷǒcǙǘǜǒǟǘǗǦǔǝǏǏǚǏNJǕǒǑǝǏǜ

168 
38.
STTUVWYZ[T\]^T_)`

 

 

ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   
2
  ** !" #
(-

 
 

ɭ   ^v - [egœj


zejžsht- . $B
 J B a- @GGA

ɮ N  J
<J
 - Z[OO<
ɭ ɮ
ƷǒǘǎǒǗǎǚǝǍǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǗǏǛǘ
NjǚNJǕǜNJǔǘǍǘǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjNJǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǟ
ǙǝNjǕǒǔNJǠǒǓǔNJǔǎǘǖTEXGL[SVOcǷǙǏǚ
njNJǩǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJƹǏǜǚNJƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjNJƬcǔǒ
ǗǘǔǚǒǜǒǔǏǏǛǜǦǙǘǗǩǜǒǏnǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦ
ǗǘǏǔǒǗǘ~cǷǔǘǍǎNJǞǒǕǦǖǎǏǕNJǏǜǛǩǗǏ
ǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǕǩǘǜǏǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǑǚǒǜǏǕǩ
ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǛcǚNJǛǡǏǜǘǖǗNJǚǏNJǔǠǒǨǑNJǚǝ
NjǏǐǗǘǓǙǚǏǛǛǥƯǍǘǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘnjǛǜǚǏǡNJ
ǨǜnjcƴNJǗǗNJǟǗǘǜǝǜǏǍǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗǒǔǜǘ
ǗǏǟǘǡǏǜǖǚNJǡǗǘǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǎNJǏǣǏǙǘǚǘǓǒcnǑNJǎǏǚ ǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǠǏǖǏǗǜǗǘǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗǥǖǒǙǕǒǜNJǖǒ ǀƻƹ njǗǝ ƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjNJnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǒǕNJǖǗǘǍǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦ
ǐNJnjǝǘNjǒǎǗǘ~ƷǘǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏǗǏǜNJǔǧǜǘǝǎǘNjǗǥǓǎǘǖ ǜǚǒcǷǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗǥǖǒ Ƹƻƹ ǖǏǐǎǝ ǗNJǩǖǏNjǏǕǦNJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǠNJƪǕǕNJǗNJƽǧǔǛǕǏǚNJ 
ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǎǕǩǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǏǖǦǒǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏnjcƹǘǎ ǗǒǖǒcǷǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǦǒǑǖǒǗǏǚNJǕǦǗǘǓnjNJǜǥƷǘnjcǜǘǐǏ ƷǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǧǜǘǓǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǓǍǏ
ǖǘǛǔǘnjǦǏNJcnjcǍǕǝNjǒǗǔǏƸǎǗNJǔǘnjcǗǏǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ njǚǏǖǩnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǜǩǍǒǞNJǛNJǎǘnjǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǜnjǗǝ ǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏnjǥǍǕǩ
ǏǛǜǦǛǒǕǦǗNJǩǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǜǏǖNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǘǎNJǗNJnjcǧǕǏǍNJǗǜ ǜǚǏǗǗǒǖǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔNJǖǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǗǏǔNJǩǙNJǖǩǜǦǘcNjǥ ǎǩǜǛǜǏǚǒǕǦǗǥǖǒǒcǛǏǔǚǏǜǧǜǘǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǗǘǓnǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ~NJǚNJǗǐǒǚǘnjǔǏ ǕǘǖǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǣǏǗǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǗǘǍǘ njcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǞNJǔǜǝǚǏƮǘǛǔǒǎǕǩnjǗǝǜǚǏǗ
ƻǏǕǘƪǕǏǔǛǒǗǘcǷǗǏǎNJǕǏǔǘǘǜƴNJǕǩ ǗNJǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏnǙǒǚǘǍǒ~ ǗǏǓǘǜǎǏǕǔǒǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǥǚNJǑǗǘǍǘǠnjǏǜNJ
ǑǒǗNJǛcǏǍǘǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǓǝǜǘǗǝnjǢǏǓǔǘǕǘǔǘǕǦǗǏǓNJcǛNJǖ ƲǑǗǝǜǚǒǜNJǐǏǜǏǖNJǚNJǑǥǍǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǏǣǏ ǚNJǑǗǘǓ ǢǒǚǒǗǥ ǒc ǎNJǐǏ ǚNJǑǗǘǍǘ ǛǏǡǏǗǒǩ
ǎǘǖǛǜǘǒǜnjccǖǏǜǚNJǟǘǜNjǏǚǏǍNJƬǘǕǍǒƲcǏǍǘnjǥǛǘ ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏcǷǝǐǏnjcǜǚǏǟǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǩǟƸǛǒǔNJǚǔNJǛNJƴǘ njcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcǙǘǕǝǔǚǝǍǕǘǍǘcǷNjǕǘǔǟNJǝǛ 
ǜNJcǷǗǏǔNJǔǘNjǥǡǗǘNJcǧǜNJǐNJǚǘnjǗǘǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥ ǛǜǫǕǘnjǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǜǏǖǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓcǷǙǚǘǟǘǎǩǙǘǙǘǕǝ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǜǧǜNJǐNJǔcǧǜNJǐǝ ǒcnjcǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǘ
njǒǎǏǜǦnjǏǕǒǔǝǨǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǚǏǔǝƬǥǛǘǜNJǎǒǔǜǝǏǜǗǏǛǜNJǗ ǙǘǜǘǕǔǝǒcǛǜǏǗNJǖǘǗǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩnjcǧǎNJǔǒǏǚNJǖǥ ǛǜǒǘǜǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǜǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǗǏǎǘnjǏǕǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǏǗNJǖǏǜǚǎǘǛǜǏǗǥ ǡǜǘNjǥ
ǎNJǚǜǗǥǓǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǞǝǗǔǠǒǓǏǛǕǒǘNjǥǡǗǘnjǗǒǑǝcǷǛǜǘ ƱNJǜǏǖnjcǧǜǒǚNJǖǥnjǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏNjǕǘ ǘǜǎǏǕǔǒǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩƯǛǕǒǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǜǚǏǜǦǏ ǙǏǚǏǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǛnjǏǜǒǑǘǔǘǗnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJLJǜǒǙǝǛǜǘǜǥ
ǕǘnjNJǩǔǝǟǗǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩNJcǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǜǘǜǝǜǗNJǎ ǔǒǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǒǖǏǏǜǛnjǘǨǞǝǗǔǠǒǨƪcnjǛǩǔNJǩ Ǎǘ ǧǜNJǐNJ ǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǗNJ ǒc ǧǔǛǙǚǏǛǛǒnjǗNJ ǜǘ ǗNJǢǕǒǛǏNjǏǖǏǛǜǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǑNJǒǑǍǘǕǘnjǦǩǖǒǔǚǘnjNJǜǏǓƹǘ
ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǖǒcǷǏǣǏǘǎǗNJǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǑǘǗNJƹǘǕǘnjǒǗǝ ǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǦǜNJǔǘǍǘNjǕǘǔNJ NjǝǎǦǜǘǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǛǜǏǗǥ njcǛǙNJǕǦǗǏnjǛǏǘǎǗǘǜǘǗǗǘǏǙǚǒǍǕǝǢǏǗǗǘǏ ǧǜǘǖǝǒcǙǘǎǒǝǖcǷǧǜǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǕǒǢǦnǔǚǥǢNJ~ǗNJǎ
ǏǏǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛcnjǒǎǘǖǗNJǚǏǔǝǎǚǝǍǝǨ ǙǘǕNJǒǕǒǙǘǜǘǕǔNJ njǥǎǏǕǏǗNJǛnjǘǒǖǠnjǏǜǘǖǞNJǔǜǝǚǘǓ ǜǏǖǗǘǏ njǜǘǚNJǩ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ ǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ ǛnjǏǜ ǧǜǘǓǙǝǛǜǘǜǘǓƴNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥcǷǝǟǒǣǚǏǗǒǏǗǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ
ǎǏǕǩǜǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩǛcǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǖǛǜǘǕǘǖǒcǡǒǕNJǝǜǖǩǍǔǒǏ ǒǕǒǜǏǔǛǜǝǚǘǓLJǜǘǜǟǘǎǙǚǒnjǗǘǛǒǜnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ ǕNJǩ ƷǘǒcnjcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǟǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǗǘǛǜǦǗǒǔǝǎNJ ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǛǜǒǘǗǘǎǘNjNJnjǒǕǘǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǖǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ
ǛǒǎǏǗǦǩǗNJǙǘǎǒǝǖǏǒcǗǒǑǔǒǓǡNJǓǗǥǓ ǘǗǐǏǒǍǚǘnjǘǓ  ǝǐǏǗǏǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǘnjǘǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǘǏǗNJǡNJǕǘNJcǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘ ǗǏǝǟǘǎǒǜcǷǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǙǚǘ ƬǗǒǑǝǒǍǚNJnjcǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩƭǘ
ǛǜǘǕǒǔƶǏǐǎǝǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔNJǖǒcǷǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǘǎǗǒǖǒcǜǏǖ ǩǙǘǗǛǔǘǏưǏǛǜǔǒǓǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǑǖǙǝǛǜǥǏǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒǛǘǡ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǒǑǍǘǕǘnjǦǏǔǚǘnjNJǜǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩ ǛǜǒǗǝǨǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǨǜǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǒcǙǚǒǖǔǗǝnjǢǒǓ
ǐǏǑǒǍǑNJǍǘǖǚNJǛǛǏǔNJǨǣNJǩnjǛǏǧǜNJǐǒǙǚǘǛǜNJǩǗǘǟǘǚǘ ǗǥǏǔǘǗǜǝǚǥǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǘNjǣNJǩǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ njcǙǘǎǒǝǖNJcǗNJǎǗǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǝǏǜǛǩǝǨǜǗNJǩǗǒǢNJƬcǗǒǢǏ ǔcǗǏǓǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǓǛǜǏǕǕNJǐǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǩǜNJǙǘǎǒǝǖǘǖ
ǢǘǘǜǜǏǗǩǨǣNJǩǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ ǒcǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦǙǚǒǚǘǎǏcǷǒǑǧǜǘǍǘǔǒǖǘǗǘnjǥǢǏǕnjǏǛǦ ǒcnjcǙǘǎǒǝǖǏcǷǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǏǘǔǗNJǗǘnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǗNJǝǕǒǠǝ ǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǙǚǘNjǔǘǓƴcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǏǜǗǏǘ
ƹǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒǛǘǑnjǝǡ ǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǖƪcǒǖǙǏǚNJǜǘǚǛǔǒǓǎnjǘ ǎNJǒcǙǘǎǒǝǖǗǏǜǘǡǏǖǘǗǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ cǷǒcǧǜǘǏǣǏǘǎǒǗ NjǥǡǗNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJnjǛǩǘǗNJǑNJNjǚNJǗNJǜǘǗǔǒǖNjǚǝǛǘǖ ǙǚǒǡǏǖ
ǗNJǘNjǣǏǖǝǘNjǤǏǖǗǘǖǝǚǏǢǏǗǒǨǒcǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜNJǘǚǒǍǒ ǚǏǠƴNJǠǝǚNJ <:--cnjǏǔ ǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘNjǥǕǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǗǩǜǦ njNJǐǗǥǓǛǏǔǚǏǜǒǔǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǛǗǒǑǝǎǘnjǏǚǟǝ ǗǘǖǏǐǎǝNjǚǝǛǦǩǖǒcǷǣǏǕǒǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǜǝǜ
ǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǘǜǎǏǕǔǘǓǛǜǏǗcǷǔNJǔnjǗǝǜǚǒǜNJǔǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǗNJǡǏǚǗǘNjǏǕǝǨǙǕǏǗǔǝ ǔNJǔǧǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǕnjǏǕǒǔǒǓǞǘǜǘ ƪǎǏǕǘnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǏǍǘǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥNjǥǕǒ ǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǒcǛnjǏǜNJǒcnjǘǑǎǝǟNJǒcǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǐNJǚǔǘǚNJǑnjǏ
ƶǘǐǏǜǎNJǐǏǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǧǜǘǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǗǘǘǗnjcǙǏǚ ǍǚNJǞljǛǝǟǒǚǘƲǢǒǖǘǜǘ ǡǜǘNjǥǘǗǛǜNJǕǙǚǏǎǜǏǡǏǓǖǘ ǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǥǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJnjǢǒǖǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǘǖcǷǗǏǛǕǒǢ ǡǜǘǔǘǖNJǚǥƷǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǏcǷǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǖǏǐǏǝǖǘǡǗǘǛǜǦ
njǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǕǒǢǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏ ǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJƼNJǔǒcǑǎǏǛǦǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǒǑǛǜǏǗnjǘǜnjǘǜnjǥ ǔǘǖNjǘǕǦǢǒǖƲcǛǎǏǕNJǜǦnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǥǓnjǜǘ ǛNJǖǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǒcǗǏǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǘNjǥǡǗǘǘǜ
ǗǏǖǛǜNJǕNJǘǛǘǑǗNJnjNJǜǦǛǩǒcǔNJǔǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǓǙǚǒǏǖ  ǏǎǝǜǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔǒNJcǒǑǙǘǎǙǘǎǒǝǖNJǑNJǛǔǘǕǦǑǩǜǩǣǒǔǒ ǚǘǓǛnjǏǜ nǔNJǔǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩ~ NjǥǕǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘƼǘǍǎNJƴǘ ǔǚǥǜNJǩ ǒcǗǏnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ ǘNjǥǡǗǘǑNJǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩ NJcǡǜǘǜǘ
ǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǎǒǑNJǓǗǔǘǎƴNJǚǔNJǛǒǑNjǚǝǛNJǘNjǢǒǜ ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǏnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǏǒǕǕǨǑǒǩNJcǙǚǒǏǖǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǛǜǫǕǘnjǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǙǚǘǚǏǑNJǜǦnjcǙǘǜǘǕǔǏǙǝǛǜǘǜǥ ǜǘǡǗǏǏ ǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǘnjǘǏcǷǖǏǚǠNJǨǣǏǏǙǘǡǜǒnjǘǕǢǏNjǗǘǏ

170 
ɯ   ! 
-  
2
;
      BE .^NUx*V"*RRU* X*a*R* URU"RU R U_*Š
 
 <(;
  +- VR ;XUVUˆ TUX'‡ NU' <WR‡' T^RJ`UŠ
2002
R)‰R‡' ;)RU' <TN R!XRRU#U w XwŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǎ
ǎǏ
ǎǏǚ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
Ǜ
Ǜǘnj
Ǜǘǘ
ǘnj
Ǐǚ
Ǐǚ Ǐnjǩ

; J  -
njǚǏǖ

ɰ )_R‡. ;U TUX'* <`"*V^ N*X*"WRR‡. w;)VUJ- ;XUU!Xw


ǚ Ǐǖ
ǚǏǖ
Ǐ njǩ
ǏnjnjǩǗǗ

J
 <RP ˆ - X*a*RW "wWV <TNU" _VR‡. NU'U" U"*VJU#U ;*Š
ǖǏǗǗ
ǗǗ
ǗǗǥ
ǗǗ
ǏǗ
ǏǗ

2016
Ǘǥ
ǗǗ

XUN- ;U w"*VR‡' ;X_R' RN"N^)‰RU* VXUŠ


ǥ Ǔǎ
ǗǥǓ ǚ

V*)‰V"U !‡)U R* Xw"VU- <V* JVU "*Š VJ ^.VXW)W ;UŠ


ǎǘ ǖ
ǚǝ
ǚǝǛ
ǚǝ

VXUV‰ NU' ™VU_R** N_^š ;U)‰wU") N)W SVU#U '‡*


ǝǛǛǛ
Ǜǔ
Ǜǔǒ

XwR‡* 'V*X)‡ ;XJV_*J "* _VU 'UxRU !‡)U VU#N


ǔǒǓ
ǔǒ

ɯ ɰ RˆV- "<X*w^)‰VV* NU' UVUW) w TX#'*RVU" )UJ^VJU"


<w;)V UVXx]~. "Uw'UxRUV *#U ")N*)‰` "<JURŠ
JX*VR‡ˆ ;*XUN "X*'*R VXUV*)‰V"- *ˆ_ NX^#U*
"X*'W RU 'RU#* NU' ;UŠ ; X*xR*'^ UVUWV w ;UNU!R‡.
J^U_JU" _V‰ JUVUX‡. X*)‰RU UV)‰ UV ;XUa)U#U
;U)^_" RU"‡* )U UVN*)J <RU#N Nx* TUX'‡ "<"N*
;XVXU*J 'RXN V*XX <R"*U"-

ƹǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǛǕǝǐNJǜ ǜǘǐǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǛcǧǜǒǖǒǜǏǖNJǖǒ nǚǝǛǛǔǘǏNjǏǎǗǘǏ~nǎNJǡ


ǞǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǖNJǔǔǘǚǎǘǖǔcǜǘǖǝǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǘǖǝǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǨ ǗǘǏǛNJǖǘǎǏǕǦǗǘǏ~nǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǏǔǝǚǍǝǑǘǏ~ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖ ǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩ ǞNJǛNJǎǥ ǎǘǖNJc Ƿ ǒc ǧǜǘ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜnjǛǨǧǜǝǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǝǨǗǏǕǏ
ǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩƼNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥ ǙǘǛǜǦǗǏǕǘnjǔǘǛǜǦǗǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǧǜǘǜǙǕNJǜǘǗǘnjǛǔǒǓ
ǞNJǛNJǎǥǚNJǑǍǚNJǞǕǏǗǥǗNJǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǥǒcǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǒ NJcNjǘǕǦǢǏǎNJǐǏcǷNJǗǎǚǏǓǙǕNJǜǘǗǘnjǛǔǒǓ ǑNJǑǘǚǖǏǐǎǝ
ǒcǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǧǜǒǟǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǘnjǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǔNJǔǒǖǜǘǛnjǘ njǏǡǗǥǖǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǏǖǔcǔǚNJǛǘǜǏcǷǒcǏǏǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǨ
ǒǖnjǒǎǘǖǘǜǎǏǕǔǒcǷǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓƯǛǜǦǜǝǜ ƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǔǚNJǛǘǜNJǎǘǛǜǒǍǗǝǜNJƿNJǘǛǘNj
ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏǙǚǘǛǜNJǩǎǘǛǔNJǒcǎǘǛǔNJnjǗNJǟǕǏǛǜƯǛǜǦ ǝǑǎNJǗNjNJǚǎNJǔǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǒǚǘnjNJǗcǷǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǟǚNJǗǒǜǙNJ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏnjNJǍǘǗǔNJǒǖǒǜNJǠǒǩNjǚǝǛNJnNjǕǘǔǟNJǝǛ~ ǖǩǜǦǘcNjǥǕǘǓnjǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǓǧǗǏǚǍǒǒƼNJǔǘǓƺǘǛǛǒǏǓǖǘǐǗǘ
ƯǛǜǦǜNJǔǒǏǧǔǑǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǔNJǔǔǚǝǍǕǥǏǡǏǚǏǗǔǒǘǜǕǘǙNJǜ njǘǛǟǒǣNJǜǦǛǩǝǐǏǏǏǗǏNjǘǩǛǦƶǘǐǏǜǎNJǐǏǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩ
ǧǜǘǜǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǒǔǙǚNJnjǎNJǛNJǖǥǓǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓ ƴǚǘǖǏǧǜǘ ǡǜǘǘǗNJǛǜNJǕNJǗNJǙǝǜǦǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǏǓǘǜnjǏǜ
ǍǘǔNJǐǎǥǓǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǒǖǏǏǜǛnjǘǓǘǜǜǏǗǘǔǔǘǚǒǡǗǏnjǘǍǘ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǏǗǒǩǒcnjǜǘǚǒǡǗǘǍǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǩƷǘ
NJcǏǍǘǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǏǑNJǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǥǙǘǎǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǝǍǕNJǖǒ ǧǜǘǕǒǢǦǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑNJcǏǛǕǒǒcǎǏǔǕNJǚNJǠǒǩ
ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǎNJǐǏǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǏǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǙǘǚNJǑǗǘǖǝǘǜ ǜǘǛǝǍǝNjǘǙǏǚǛǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǛǙǝǛǜǩǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏnjǚǏǖǩƴǘǛǜǫ
ǚNJǐNJǨǜǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǓǛnjǏǜ ǕǘnjǙǏǚǏǏǟNJǕnjcƻǂƪnjcnjǘǑǚNJǛǜǏcǕǏǜǘǔǘǗǡǒǕ'MX]
ƹǘǩǛǗǩǩǧǜǘǜǔǘǗǠǏǙǜNJnjǜǘǚNJǙǏǕǕǒ 'SPPIKISJ2I[=SVOǒcǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcƷǦǨƳǘǚǔǏǔnjNJǚǜǒ
ǚǝǏǜǔcǞǏǗǘǖǏǗǝǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǎNJǡǒǔǘǍǎNJǛNJǎǘnjǥǏǎǘǖǒǔǒ ǚǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǗNJǓǎǏǗǗǥǏnjcƪǕǏǔǛǒǗǘǙǚǒǏǖǥ
ǕǏǙǒǕǒǛǦǒǑǡǏǍǘǙǘǙNJǕǘǒcǔNJǔǙǘǙNJǕǘ ǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕǒ ƯǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǘǜǎǏǕǘǡǗǘǍǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJ ǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǏǚǏ
ǎǘǕǏǙǕǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǙǘǖǏǚǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒ ƷǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǙǘ njNJ ǙǘǎǒǝǖǥǗǒǢǒcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǏǛǜǦǒcǜǝǜǗǘƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnj
ǟǘǐǏǍǘnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒnjǛǜǚǏǜǒǜǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ ǎnjǒǍNJǏǜǛǩǏǣǏǎNJǕǦǢǏcǷnjcǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒǔcǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǘ
ǧǜNJnǎNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ~ǛǕǒǢǔǘǖNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗNJǩnjǥnjǏǚǏǗǗNJǩǒcǙǚǘ ǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏNjǥǕNJǕǒǢǦǑNJǩnjǕǏǗNJƻǜǘǕǥ
ǛǡǒǜNJǗǗNJǩǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǘǖǖNJǐǜǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒƲcnjcǧǜǘǖ ǕNJnjǔǒǒcǔǚǘnjNJǜǒnjǥǏǑǐNJǨǜǒǑǛǜǏǗǥǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǜǚNJǗǛ
ǏǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǚNJNjǘǜƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ

172
17 
/ *<a5
ɯ
39.  
#)"RU* "<;XU*JVXU"R x)‡. NU'U"< #UXwURV)‰ _VU!‡ W*R !‡) _*)U"*Š
_*Jˆ 'aV!- "xRU XVJ^)XU"V‰ SVxRUV‰ R* w!‡"V‰ U<VX*._VRUV



 
 &  "<JU';Uw`- .UXUaW X.V*JV^X V*' <UV)_*VW _VU "<R*ˆ ;U)‰w^]VW "*
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

       URU"R‡* JU';Uw`URR‡* wJUR‡ UVJX‡V‡* V‡W_^ )*V RwN- J<V)VJ* UR R* ;X"WwŠ
R‡- JJ ^<_*)U"*J *V‰ RU# V^)U"~* #U)U" VJ <^<NU'- RU#< `UJU)‰- V*)U< UNRŠN"
     )
SVx #U)U"< ;UNJXU"*)‰RU* ;XUVXRV"U _*XNJ "'*V* <JX‡a*ˆ- <"UU!~* *V‰ N" XŠ
  .*V;F J"UX*_RJ <N*VJˆ NU'J <VX^!Uˆ- N)‰a* 'R;^)X^*' N*V)W'- V*XX <RŠ
  (4 !" # "*U' ;X^VV"^*V U!WwV*)‰RU <!)JUR R*V- *) ^NV‰ ;U ;XJVJ* xwR "<w#UXUNRU'

(0 NU'* !)JUR R "VUXU' SVx* RJU#N R* ;U)‰w^*VW Xw"* _VU "‡ˆV ;UJ^XV‰ RU_‰]- UR
;XUVU R* R^x*R .UVW <;U'U#*V ;XUN"V‰ NU'-

 
 

ɭ ɮ
ƭǘnjǘǚǩǘcǛnjǘǒǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟƺǘǖNJǗƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnj ǙǚǏǒǖǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘ ɭ X  ) 
 - N  ǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǟǘǜǦǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖ~ƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǔǛǜNJ ǡǏǚǎNJǔNJ~ ǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǘǜǚǥnjNJǨǜǏǍǘǘǜǑǏǖǕǒǒcnjǕǏǔǝǜ
njǛǏnjǚǏǖǩǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜǡǜǘnjcǒǟǘǛǗǘnjǏǕǏǐǒǜǘǚǒǍǒ ǜNJǔǘǓ ǎǘǖ ǗǏ ǗǝǐǎNJǏǜǛǩ (

P @I>+- ?>@H ǜǒǒcǙǘǛǜǝǙǒǕǞǚNJǗǠǝǑLJǚǒǔƹNJǛǛǜǚǘǩǎǘǖnjcǂNJǜǘ ǑNJǛǘNjǘǨnjcǙǘǕǏǜƻǔNJǜǥǔǚǥǢǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǥnjcǚNJǑǗǥǏ
ǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǩcǷǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘNjǚǝǛǘnjNJǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ njcǔǘǖǙǏǗǛNJǜǘǚNJǟǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǏ ɮ S
 ;- N  <a P ƼǦǏǚǚǒǙǚǘnjǒǗǠǒǒǂNJǖǙNJǗǦ  ǁǜǘNjǥǗǏǗNJǚǝǢNJǜǦ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ ǝcǎǘǖNJǎnjNJǘNjǤǏǖNJǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǗǥǟǜNJǖNjǝǚǘǖ 
ǘǗǗǏǒǑǘNjǚNJǐNJǏǜǒǑǛǏNjǩǏǏǒǑǘNjǚǏǜNJǜǏǕǩǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ ǎNJǏǜǝǛNJǎǔǒǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜ V
- ?>>A ǛǕǘǐǒnjǢǝǨǛǩǖǘǚǞǘǕǘǍǒǨǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǛǜNJǚǒǗǗǘǍǘǍǘǚǘǎ ǡǜǘǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǏǖǝǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǦƹǘǎǔǚǥǢǏǨcǷǜǏǚǚNJ
ǘǟǘǜǗǘnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǔNJǔǢǏǕǙǘƱNJǖǘǛǔnjǘǚǏǡǦǨǍǎǏǕǘ ǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǘǔǚNJǜǒǜǦǙǏ ǔNJƹNJǛnjǘǑnjǏǕǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘcǑNJǙǘǕ ǛNJ ǜNJǔNJǩNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǡǜǘǛNJǖǎǘǖǒǔǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǙǚǒǕǘǐǏǗǒ
ɯ  U - ; 
ǖNJǕǒǎǘǖ<-<cnjǏǔNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǒcǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗ ǚǒǘǎǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǎǘǖNJ 
<V   - @G?=
ǗǒǕǏǍǘǛǜǏǔǕǘǖcǷnjǕǒǕǜNJǔǒǗǘnjǘǏnjǒǗǘnjcǛǜNJǚǥǏǖǏǟǒ ǏǖǔcǗǏǓ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǒǑǙǘǎǗNJnjǏǛNJǒcǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ
ǗǥǓnjǗǒǑǝcǷǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǓǠǘǔǘǕǦǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǒcǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǏǍǘǎNJǕǦǗǏǓ ƹǚNJnjǎNJnjcǎǘǖǏǗǏǜǜǏǟǛNJǖǥǟǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǟǚNJǛǔǘǛǘnjǗǘ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǙǕǩǐ
ǔNJǚǔNJǛǛcǗǏǛǝǣǒǖǒǝǍǕǘnjǥǖǒǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǗǥǓ ǢǝǨNjǏǛǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǗǝǨǧǔǛ ǧǜǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǝǐǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjǘǑNJǜǘǏǛǜǦ ƮǘǖǎNJǕǗNJǡNJǕǘǛǏǚǒǒnjǗǝǜǚǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ
NjǚǏnjǗNJǖǒƻcǧǜǘǍǘǜǘnjǛǏǒcǗNJǡNJǕǘǛǦƷǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦ ǙǕǝNJǜNJǠǒǨ~ƴcǚǝNjǕǏǗǘǖǝ ǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǏǎǕǩǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǘnjǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǚNJǛǢǒǚǏǗǒǏǘNjǤ njǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǖǘǎǒǞǒǔNJǠǒǒƼNJǔnjcǎǘǖǏnƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǩ~
ǗǘǖNJǕǘǔǜǘǜNJǔǗNJǛǜǘǓǡǒnjǘǙǚǘǙNJǍNJǗǎǒǚǝǏǜǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜǘ ǎǘǖǝ ǝc ƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjNJ NjǥǕǒ ǏǖNJǔnjǏǚǟǝcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǗǏǙǚǒǜǘǚǗNJǩǔǘǙǒǩNJcnjǙǘǕǗǏ ǛǙǕǘǢǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗNJǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔNJǎǘǖNJ
ǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏƴNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǓǎǘǖǡNJǣǏǘNjǕǒǠǘnjǥnjNJǨǜǚNJǑǗǘǘ ǒcǎǚǝǍǒǏǙǚǏǜǏǗǑǒǒnƬǥǗǏ ǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǏǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒ njcǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǥǟǐǏǙǘǔǘǩǟǘǔǗNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜǛǔNJǔNJǜǦnjcǑNJnjǒǛǒ
NjǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǙǕǒǜNJǖǒ Ƹƻƹǀƻƹ ǡǜǘǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩǐNJǗ ǖǘǐǏǜǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǝǍǕǘnjǥǏǘǔǗNJǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǏǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦ ƼNJǔǐǏǒcǘNjǚNJǑǕǏǍǢǒǓnjcǘǛǗǘnjǝǕǏǘ ǖǘǛǜǒǘǜǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǑNJǎNJnjNJǩnjcǘNjǣǏǖǗǏ
ǚNJǕǘǍǒǡǗǏǏcǷǔNJǔǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǜNJǔǒcǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǓnjǛǨǛǜǏǗǝǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǩnjǒǎǗNJǛnjǘǓǛNJǎǗǏǖǘ ǗǒǎǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJnƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǩ~ NJcǑNJǜǏǖcǷǒcǠǏǕǘǓ NjǘǕǦǢǘǖǝǒcǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǒǔǝǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǥǓǚǒǜǖ
ƷǘǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥnǕǨNjǘǓǔNJǙǚǒǑǑNJnjNJǢǒǎǏǗǦǍǒ~ ǐǏǜǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǒǜǦǘǔǗNJNjǕǒǐǏǶcǛǖǎǚǝǍǔcǎǚǝǍǝ ǕǒǗǏǓǔǒǎǘǖǘnj NjǥǕǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǗǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǎNJǡǏǓ ƻNJǖǎǘǖǛǜNJǕnjǥǢǏǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏcǷǙǘǎǘǎǗǘǛǔNJǜǗǘǓ
ƲcǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǓǔNJǙǚǒǑǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǟǘǜǏǕnǐǒǜǦ ƲǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏnjcǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǏǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǟNjǕǘǔǘnj nǙǘǐǏǗǒǜǦ~ǎnjǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓƭǘǛǜǏnjǘǓ ǔǚǘnjǕǏǓcǷǙǘǩnjǒǕNJǛǦǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǒcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǗNJNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒ
njcǎǏǚǏnjǏ~ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǎǘǖǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnj ǒǕǒǡNJǛǜǏǓǜǘǐǏǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǜǔcǠǏǕǘǖǝǚǩǎǝǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǏǓ~ ǎǘǖǗNJNjǏǚǏǍǝǙǚǝǎNJcǷǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘǗǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǜǦǕǏǍ NJcǛNJǖǥǖǝǎNJǡǗǥǖǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǖǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǔǝǟǗǩcǷǘǎǗǘ
ǔǒǒcǙǘǕǘǐǒǕǗNJǡNJǕǘǛǏǚǒǒǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘNjǚǝǛǘnjǥǟǎǘǖǘnj ƹǘǗNJǡNJǕǝƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjǗǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕ ǔǒǖǒcǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǖƬnjǘǎǗǥǏǎNJǕǒǘǜǕǒǡǗǥǓǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǒcǘǡǏǗǦǛnjǏǜǕNJǩǒcǘǡǏǗǦǝǨǜǗNJǩƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘ
nljcǎNJnjǗǘǒǛǔNJǕǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǝǨǛǟǏ ǛǕǘnjǘnǞNJǟnjǏǚǔ~ǙǘǗǒǖNJǩǡǜǘǘǗǘNJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǝǏǜǛǩǝcǘNjǥ ǔNJǚǔNJǛǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǎǏǕNJǜǦǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǏǘǔǗNJ ǡǏǚǏǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ ǡǜǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǎNJǕNJǙǘnjǘǎǘǜnjǏǜǒǜǦǏǓǗNJǜǘǚǠǏnjǥǟ
ǖǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩNjǥǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕNJǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjǥnjNJǜǦǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǖNJǔ njNJǜǏǕǩǛcǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǚNJǛǔǘǛNJǖǒǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘnǙǏǚǏǡǏǚ ǜNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǘǍǕǩǎǏǜǦǗNJnjǘǎǝǒcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝ NJcǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏ ǞNJǛNJǎNJǟǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǩǖǒNjNJǕǘǔǒcǎǘǖǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǗǩǜǗǘǎǏ
ǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘNjǥǛǜǚǘǒcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƵǏǘǗǒ ǔǒnjNJǨǣǒǖǒ~ǛǜǏǗǥǛǜNJǚǒǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjƯnjǚǘǙǥƲcǡǏǛǜǗǘ ǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǟǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǔNJǚǔNJǛNJǔǕǏǏǗǥǖNjǚǝǛǘǖǙǚǒ ǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǛnjǘǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǘǒcǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǘcǞNJǟnjǏǚ
ǎǘnjcǷǒcǔNJǚǔNJǛǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟNjNJǕǘǔǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ ǧǜǘǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǕnƺNJǑǗǒǠǥǛcǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǘǖǗǏǜǗǒǔNJǔǘǓ ǎNJǏǜǎǘǖǝǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǝǨnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǛǜǦ~cǷǙǚǒǩǜǗǝǨ ǔǏƴNJǔǘnjǘǏǛǕǘnjǘƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjnjǑǩǕǜNJǔǒnjcǔǘǗǠǏǔǘǗǠǘnjǗNJ
ǖǏǐǎǝǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǖǘǐǗǘǑNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǦǕǨNjǥǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖ ǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǖǥǗǏǎǏǕNJǏǖNJǔǠǏǗǜǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǔNJǚǔNJǛǏ ǔNJǔnjǗǝǜǚǒ ǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝ ǜNJǔǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǙǏǓǑNJǐǝƫǘǕǦ njǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǒcǝnjǏǚǩǏǜǡǜǘnǝǐǏǡǏǚǏǑǙNJǚǝǎǏǛǩǜǒǕǏǜǒǓ
ǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǥǖǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǖǧǜǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǒƭǕNJnjǗǘǏ ƮǘǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǙǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘNjǚǝǛǘnjǘǓǛǟǏǖǏǖǘǐǗǘ ǢǒǏǔǚǥǢǒǘǜǘǚnjNJǗǥǘǜǜǏǕNJǎǘǖNJ ǙǚǒǗǠǒǙnǟǘǕǘǎǗǘǍǘ  ǛǜǚǘǩǣǏǍǘǛǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǐǒǕǦǩNjǝǎǏǜǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǘnjǥǖ~

174 
40.
,"  / 
JJŠ VU UNR wJw_J ;U"*w '*RW "<  N*)‰R‡ˆ
;U *#U ;X*NV")*RW' #UXUN- SVU !‡) JXŠ


    )U"‡ "X‡- JJ x* W<V' J^_)‹ "*‰ #UXUN
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  /    & ;UVXU*R "<J)J* RU UR VJU#U '*)JU#U ;Ua!<
'*XwUVRW !]X#*XJW '*)JU"J^RW‹ W<UVV^N !*x)-
     


<;UVU' 'R* ^N)U‰ '*W` ;XUxV‰ "<"*R*`- "UV SVU
  + , !‡) ^RJ)‰R‡ˆ U;‡V N)W #)w‹ J"XVX ^<R !‡) UVŠ
  * !" # )_RW< R N"^. "*X.R. SVx. VXU#U "*R*`RJU#U

( N"UX`- "‡.UNa‰ R "*XRN^ <"Na‰ JX‡a JX‡a wŠ


)" <)UNJ'b R<UNRU#U V^XV <;)UaRW "*)JU)*;Š

  & 
RW X.V*JV^X-

ɭ T   -
N  <)%
 - ?>>A

ɮ T

% N$  -
 B   <RP
J a- @GAG
ɭ

ɮ
ƴǘǍǎNJ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ ƾǏǎǘǚ ƪǚǑNJǖNJǗǘnj ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕ ǎǘǖ ǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǥƷǘǧǜǘǜǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚcǷǕǒǢǦǔǘǕ ǕǒǗǏǓǗNJǩ ǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǗǗNJǩnjǥǜǩǗǝǜǥǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǘǖ ǜǏǚ
njcƵNJǙǒǗǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǕǒǗǒǩǏǍǘNjǨǚǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕNJǛǦ ǙNJǔǙǘǎǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǙǚǩǡǏǜǛǩǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnƻǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓ ǚNJǛNJǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǥǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǨǜǛǩNJǗ
LJǜǘNjǥǕǘNjNJǩǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǘǜǛǥǕNJǨǣǒǓ ǎǘǖ~ƾǒǕǒǙNJƮǐǘǗǛǘǗNJnjcƷǦǨƴǏǓǗNJǗǏ  Ʋcǧǜǘ ǞǒǕNJǎǘǓǘǛǦǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǞǒǔǛǒǚǝǏǜnnjǘǛǔǕǒǠNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ
ǔcǗǏǘNJǖǙǒǚǝǗNJǡNJǕNJƿƿnjǏǔNJǗǘǜǘǕǔǝǨǣǒǓǏǍǘnjcǖNJǛ ǗǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǔǚNJǛǒnjǘǏ ǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǏ ǧǜǘ ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǑǗNJǔ~ǔNJǖǒǗNJƹNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘǧǜǘǖǝǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝǙǚǘǖǏǗNJ
ǢǜNJNjǏǗǏǝǛNJǎǦNjǥNJcǎNJǡǒƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǧǜǘǍǘǕǏǍǔǘ ǎnjNJǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǥǟǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǔNJǐǎǘǏǛǘǛnjǘǒǖ ǎǝǛǜǏǕǏǜǛǩǝǑǔNJǩǝǕǒǡǔNJǙǘǎǛǘNjǗǥǟǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓǛNJ
ǍǘǛǎnjǒǍNJǎǏǜNJǕǒNJǙǙǏǜǒǜǗǘǚNJǑNjǝǟǕǒ ǡǏǖǝǑǚǒǜǏǕǦ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǘǖƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǒǟǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜ ǗǝǑǏǕNjǘǓǕǏǚǗNJǩǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǣǒǜǘnjNJǩƱNJǖǥǔNJǏǜǞǕNJǗǍ
Ǘǘ ǛǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǘnjNJǕ NjǏǕǥǓ ǠnjǏǜ  Ǚǘǚǜǒǔ ǝǙǕǘǜǗǒǕǛǩ ǎǘNjǒǜǦǛǩǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜNJƴǘǕǘǗǗǥǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚNJ ǍǘǛǜǏnjNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǒcǛNJǗǝǑǕǘǖƷNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷ
ǘǔǗNJnjcǢǒǚǘǔǒǟǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǟǙǘNjǏǎǒǕǒǛǜǏǗǝNJcǙǘǕǝ ǗǏǛǝǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǔǚǘnjǕǨǡǜǘǎNJǏǜnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǒǜǦ ǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǜNJǔǐǏǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǒcǛNJǗǝǑǕǘǖǗǘ
ǠǒǚǔǝǕǦǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǏǎǕǩNJǖǙǒǚNJǚNJǑǚǘǛ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒǙǘǕǝǡǒnjǑNJǕǒǜǝǨǛnjǏǜǘǖ ǏǣǏǒcǠǏǕǥǟǎnjNJǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJ
ǕǘǛǦnjcǙǘǕǎǘǖNJƸǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǝǨǜNJǑNJǎNJǗǗǘǏǞNJǛNJǎǘǖ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨƴǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǏǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǧǔǛǍǒNjǒǠǒǘ ƼǏǖǝǕǒǗǏǓǗǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒƪǚǑNJǖNJ
ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǚNJǛǠnjǏǕǘnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǟǗNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǗǥǟNJǗǜǒ ǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖnNJǔnjNJǚǒǝǖǘǖ~ǔNJǔǝcƮǐǘǗǛǘǗNJNJcǕǒǢǦǎnjǝ ǗǘnjǒcƫǚǘǎNJǡǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǜǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǦnjcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖ
ǔnjNJǚǗǘǓǖǏNjǏǕǦǨǒcǎNJǐǏǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǚǏǎ ǖǩǛnjǘǒǖǒǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǖǒǚNJǛǙNJǟǗǝǜǘnjcǛNJǎƻcǎnjǝǟǎǚǝ ǎǘǖǏǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǘǛǜǚǘǍǘǒcǩǚǔǘǍǘǛǘǡǕǏǗǏǗǒǩǎnjǝǟǗNJǡNJǕ
ǔNJǩnjcǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙNJǟǔNJǔǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǙǘǎǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǔǚǘnjǕǏǓ ǍǒǟcǷǗNJǎǏǐǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǜǥǕƷǘǧǜǘnjǛǏǐǏǒcǗǏ NjǘǕǦǢǏǗǒǍǎǏǗǏǛǕǝǡǒǜǛǩnƪǔNJǗǜ~njǏǚǗǏǜǛǩǔcǖǩǍǔǒǖ
NjǥǕǒǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǥǔNJǔǘǍǘǜǘǗǏǘNjǥǡNJǓǗǘǍǘǙǘǡǜǒǎǘ ǙǚǘǛǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǓnjǒǜǚNJǐǔNJǔǒǏǡNJǛǜǘnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǨǜǛǩǧǜǘ ƷǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦǙǚǒNjǏǍNJǜǦǔcǍǕNJǍǘǕNJǖ ǝǨǜǗǥǖǛǜǒǕǒǑNJǠǒǩǖƹǚNJnjǎNJǒcƾǒǕǒǙƮǐǘǗǛǘǗǡǏǚǏǑ
ǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǘǍǘǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǗǒǩ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩǛǜǏǗNJǔcǜǘǖǝǐǏǘǡǏǗǦnjǥǛǘǔNJǩ ǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǩǙǘǎǛǙǝǎǗǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǑǝǏǜnjǛǨǜǝǜǘǗǔǝǨǒǍǚǝ cǕǏǜǙǘǛǕǏn'ǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~ǙǘnjǏǚǗǏǜǛǩǔcǔǕNJǛǛǒ
ƷǘǛǙǝǛǜǩǙǩǜǦǕǏǜƪǚǑNJǖNJǗǘnjǎǏǕNJ ǒcǘNjǚNJǑǝǨǣNJǩǝǍǘǕƭǚNJǗǒǠǥǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǍǘ ǛcǍǚNJǗǒǠNJǖǒǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜƻǖǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǔǏǒcǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǛǏNjǏǗNJǑǎNJǗǒǒƪƼ
ƼnjcƷǦǨƳǘǚǔǏǞǚǘǗ
ǏǜǙǚǘǏǔǜnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǨǜǗǥǓǙǘǏǑǎǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖNJǗǏ ǛǜǒǗNJǩnnjǥNjǏǍNJǏǜ~ǑNJǙǚǏǎǏǕǥǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓǛǜǏǗǥǙǚǘ ǛǎnjǒǍǒǙǏǚǏǛǏǡǏǗǒǩcǷǒcnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓ ǜǘǗǛcnjǥǔǚǝǐǔǘǓcǷnjǏǣǦǗǏǖǥǛǕǒǖǝǨǎǕǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑ
ǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘ Ǜǟǘǎǒǜ Ǜc ǚǏǕǦǛǘnj ƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǓ ǗNJ ǙǏǚ ǎǘǕǐNJǩǛǦǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓƹNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨnnjǤǏǑ Ǚǘ ǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǨǗNJNjǘǚǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǙǏǚǏǐǒ ǖNJƷǘnjcǏǍǘǛǕǝǡNJǏǧǜǘǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǎnjNJǧǜǒǟ
njǥǓnjǑǍǕǩǎǎǘǖ ǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǎǏǚǏnjǘ ǐNJǏǜ~ǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǖNJǕǘǍǘǛǚǝNjNJnjǗǝǜǚǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ njNJǗǒǓƬcǧǜǝǒǍǚǝnjǔǕǨǡNJǨǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǑǎǏǛǦ njǏǔǜǘǚNJǛnjǩǑNJǗǥǜǝǍǒǖǝǑǕǘǖǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘcǷǔNJǔnjǘǛǗǏ
ǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǙǘnjǏǚǔǝǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖ ǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩǒcǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJNJcǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǡǏǜǥǚǏǒcnjǛǏǘǗǒǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒǖǏǨǜǚNJǑǗǝǨǛǜǏǙǏǗǦǘǜ ƹǦǏǚNJƫǏǑǝǟǘnjNJǍǎǏǜǘǜǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǜǡǜǘnǗNJǎǘǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǜǦ~
ǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǖƹǚǒǡǏǖǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒǎnjǝǟǧǜǒǟ njǘǑǗǒǔǢNJǩǑNJǛǡǏǜǜǘǍǘǡǜǘnjǤǏǟNJǕǛǚǝNjǗǏcǎǘǔǘǗǠNJ ǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǒǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǘǛǜNJnjNJǜǦǛǩǗNJnjǘǑǎǝǟǏnjcǕǨ NJcǙǚǘǛǥǙNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǎǛǕǘnjNJNjǏǚǏǓǜǘǚNJnƱNJǙǚǩǍNJǜǦǙǘǚNJ
ǗNJǡNJǕ ƻc njǒǎǝc Ƿ ǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓ ǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚ ǔǘǕǘǗǗǥ Ǚǘ ǘǛǜNJnjǒnjǟnjǘǛǜǒǔǗNJǝǕǒǠǏ NjǘǏnjǚǏǖǩǍǘǎNJǒcǙǚǒǕǨNjǘǓǙǘǍǘǎǏƹǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǎǘǖNJ njNJǢǏǛǒǩǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǑNJǙǚǩǍNJǜǦ~

176 
41.
bcd   
#)"R‡ˆ TN NU' "<;)R* '*]~*#U TUX'^ VX;*`
U!X~*R J<"UN*- UR ^JXa*R N"^'W "'*VV*)‰R‡' "*XRŠ



  +, N' JUVUX‡* wR_)‰RU ;XU*JVXU")‰ .U)UNR‡'<
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 3 JJ "U*#U XUN R;U'RR* U<VXN`W. w#UXUNR‡. N_
;*X"Uˆ ;U)U"R‡ ZZ<"*J- ;X"N ";U)*NV" "*XRN‡

 &   
 

"* x* !‡) ^V*;)*R‡ RU SVU R*<)a)U . ;*X"UR_)‰RUŠ
     

 #U U_XU"RW- "‡V^;]~* U!Ž*'‡ "*XRN ;U)^x)
  URU"R*' N)W !)JURU" "<^XU"R* "VUXU#U SVx-

  4%( !" # WNXU' "R^VX*RR*ˆ ;)RXU"J NU' V) N"^."*VRW #UŠ
VRW @?Š'*VXU"‡ˆ ;XU)*V JUVUXUˆ ;*X*JX‡"]V U!Rx*RŠ
(0
R‡* JURVX^J` JXU")- #UVRW ^)U"RU Xw!"*V ;XUŠ

   
VXRV"U NU' R N"* _VF "<UNRUˆ ;U'*~*VW J'RRW
wUR ;XW'U w R*ˆ< X!U_ˆ J!R*V "<NX^#Uˆ< #Xx JU'Š
RV N)W ;*XUR) JUV*)‰RW J)NU"W <J^.RWŠ VU)U"W-
U!* _V NU'< "UVU_RW <w;NRW< U!Ž*NR*R‡ "R^Š
VX*RR' !)JURU' ;^~*RR‡' RN #UVRUˆ-
" UNRU' w "XRVU" ;X*N)Ux*RR‡. J^w*'!*"‡' NU' Ž
'*) U_*R‰ R*U!‡_R‡ˆ wNRˆ TN ;U.Uxˆ R #X! )Š
_J^F JXU")W ;UNU!RU a)W;J* #X! ;)"RUˆ "U)RUˆ w"UŠ
X_"*VW R TN <;^J*VW Rx*< NU 'Uˆ w *')-
P %  (E
 X 

+ @H<  ?>@?

ƬcǍǘǎǝƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~Ǖǘ ǕǘǎǘǡǗǘǖǝǛNJǚNJǨƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǘǚǎǏǚǗǥǓǛǜǚǘǓǍǕNJnj ǎNJǕǦǢǏǎǏǕNJǩǒǑǔǝǛǔǘnjǗǏNjǚǏǐǗǘǘǜǏǛNJǗǗǘǍǘǔǚǝǍǕǩ


ǎǘǡǗǥǓǛNJǚNJǓǘNjǢǒnjǏǍǘǍǘǚNjǥǕǏǖLJǞǞǏǔǜǚnjNJ ǗǘǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǘǜǛǥǕNJǏǜǔcǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖǝǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǝǛNJǎǦ ǔNJǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǏǔNJǛNJǨǜǛǩǑǏǖǕǒǗǘ
ǗǘǓǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǥǙǘǟǘǐǒǓǗNJǘNjǕǒǠǘnjǔǝǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǩ Njǥ ǚǒǑNJǕǒǜǥǔNJǔǞǕǒǍǏǕǒ ǗǘǘNjǢǒǜǞNJǛNJǎǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǛnjǏǚǟǝǙǚǒǎNJnjǕǏǗǥǖǘǣǗǏǓǢǏǓǔǚǥǢǏǓnƫǏǑǝǙǚǏǡ
ǔǘǖǜNJǔǙǘǗǚNJnjǒǕǛǩǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝǡǜǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏ ǍǘǚNjǥǕǏǖƼǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǔNJǔNjǥǜNJǔǘǏǚǝNjǒǣǏ ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǥ ǗǥǏnjcǛnjǘǏǓǖǏǟNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǜǘǡǗǘǛǜǒǞǏǚǖǥǒcǙǚǘǍǘǗǥ
NjǥǕǘǜǝǜǐǏǙǏǚǏǙǚǘǞǒǕǒǚǘnjNJǗǘǒcǛǜNJǕǘǩǟǜ ǍǘǚNjǥǕǩnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǔNJǔǑNJǙǕNJǜǥǎNJǏǣǏǑNJǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǥǜǘ ǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǥNJǚǟNJǒǡǏǛǔǒǗǏNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘǓǍǚǝNjǘǓǛǕǝ
ǘǞǒǛǘǖLJǜǘNjǥǕǘǕǘǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǘǑNJǚǏǗǒǏǗǘǘǗǘ ǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǜǘnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘ ǗǘǚǝNjǒǣǏǘǜljǖNJ ǡNJǓǗǘǛǜǒǍǘǚNjǥǕǩ~cǷǔǘǖǖǏǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǧǜǘǜǛǜǒǕǏǘNjǚNJ
ǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ ǍǕǘNjNJǕǦǗǘǓ ǖǏǜNJǞǘǚǘǓ Ƭc ǗǝǕǏnjǥǏ Ǎǘǎǥ ƴǘǜǘǚǥǖǖǝǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǛǔNJǕǒǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǒǗnjNJǚǒ ɭ V  J- ǖǘǜǘƿǘǜǩǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǗǒǔNJǔǘǏǧǜǘǗǏnǩǖNJǖǘǜǘ~ ǑǝǨǣǒǓǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǎǘǖNJƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƽnjǥǛcǎǘǖǘǖǙǚǘǒ
ǚǝǛǛǔNJǩNjǝǚǐǝNJǑǒǩǖǝǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǛǔNJǕNJǗǘnjǥǓǘNjǚNJǑ NJǗǜǙǘǔNJǟǒǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓƶNJǚNJǜƭǏǕǦǖNJǗǗǏǛǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘ WEP 
 <(;
  +- NJcƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǔNJǔǘǗǏǛǜǦǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǨǣǒǓǛnjǘǨǞǒǚǖǏǗ ǑǘǢǕNJǙǏǡNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǏǚǜǝǚNjNJǠǒǩǗǘnjǥǓǟǘǑǩǒǗǘǜǘǎǚNJǕ
ƽǐǏǗǏǕǦǑǩNjǥǕǘǟǘǎǒǜǦnjcǖNJǕǒǗǘnjǥǟǙǒǎǐNJǔNJǟǏǑ njNJǕǏǍǘǜNJǔnƺǝǛǛǔǘǏNjǏǎǗǘǏ~  ƲcǜǘǍǎNJǜǥǝǐǏ 2001 ǗǝǨǜǏǖǝnƴǘǍǎNJNjnjǥǑǗNJǕǒǒǑǔNJǔǘǍǘǛǘǚNJȁ~ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ ǛcǞNJǛNJǎǘnjnjǏǛǦǍǘǚNjǥǕǦǔǚǝǍǕǩǔǔǘǕǘǗǗǑNJǖǏǗǒǕǗNJ
ǎǒǜǦǗNJnǢǏǛǜǒǛǘǜǥǟ~ǒcnjcƴǝǚǢǏnjǏǕǦƷǏǜǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǗǏǛǙǘǗǜNJǗǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǢǦǛNJǚNJǓnjcǘǞǒǛNJcǘǛǘǑǗNJǗ ɮ V  J- NjǥǕNJǗNJǡNJǜNJǏǣǏnjcǏcǍǘǎǥǔǘǕǕNJǐNJǖǒǒǑǘǔǝǚǔǘnj ǔNJǖǏǗǦǚǏǢǏǜǡNJǜǥǏǙǏǚǒǕNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǘnjcǷǗNJ
ǛǔǚǥnjNJǜǦNjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjǘǗǒǔǜǘǗǏǛǘNjǒǚNJǕǛǩ ǧǜǘNjǘǚǘǎǝ ǗǘǛǜǚǘǒǢǦǛnjǘǓǎnjǘǚǏǠǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǔNJǔǛNJǚNJǓcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘ J $- @G=>P ǘNjǚǏǑǔǘnjǔNJǖǝǢǔǘnjǚNJǔǝǢǏǔǙǚǘNjǘǔǎǘǛǘǡǏǔnjǛǜNJnj ǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏƹǚǏǐǗǒǓǐǏǟǘǑǩǒǗǜNJǔǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǙǘǕǨNjǒǕ
ǖǘǐǗǘǛNjǚǒǜǦNJcǝǖǒǣǏǔǝǎNJǎǏnjNJǜǦ# ǗǘǖǘǎǗǥǖǒǛǜNJ ǛcǜNJǔǒǖǑNJǙǚǘǛǘǖǒcǙǚǒǢǏǕǔcƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǝǗǘnjǥǓǑNJ ǕǏǗǗǥǟnjcǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǥNJǕǩƶǘǗǎǚǒNJǗ ǡǜǘnjǥǗǝǐǎǏǗǗǥǓǏǍǘǙǚǘǎNJǜǦǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚǏ
ǕǒǙNJǚǒǐǛǔNJǩǗǏNjǚǒǜǘǛǜǦǒcǕǘǗǎǘǗǛǔNJǩǗǏNjǚǏǐǗǘǛǜǦ ǔNJǑǡǒǔƹǚǒǡǏǖNJǙǏǕǕǒǚǘnjNJǕǘǗǒǖǏǗǗǘǔcǜǘǖǝǛNJǖǘǖǝ ƺNJǑnjǏǚǛǜǥnjNJǩǧǜǝǜǏǖǝnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǒǎǏǜ ǘǜǗǏǍǘǏǍǘǜǘǡǗǝǨǚǏǙǕǒǔǝ

178 
42.
Q0  

N*)*R* X.V*JV^X‡ R U"X*'*RR^] <J)Š
_*J^] "UU!~* R*"*XRU ;U ^V- J_*V"*RŠ



   R‡ˆ ;XU*JV "<JJU' !‡ V)* UR R* !‡) "U;)UŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   


 ~*R '**V aR VV‰ U "X*'*R*' J)JUˆ- <NX^#Uˆ
VUXUR‡ *) ;XU*JV R*^N_R‡ˆ wR_)‰RU RJJUˆ RŠ
  
!UX J*^XU" *#U R* ;*V- "*N‰ xV‰ _*)U"*J^ ;X*NŠ
 $
  ɭ U  J  - ;  VUV "<NU'* JUVUX‡ˆ '**V TN ;)RXU"J^ )RNŠ
) 
       <
  aTV UXw'*XRUV‰ _*)U"*J^ *NRV"U TUX'‡ <^V
% 
   <BE
  (* 4 !" # <R* X*N JU)URR VW#UV*]~. J<VU'^ ) RU'^ UXN*X^-

E- ?>>=
(
ɮ ^ '



 
   #
 <wE  -
J  Z[OOO<-

ɯ N   B
<; E- @GMA
ɭ ɮ ɯ
ƭǕNJnjǗǥǖǛǙǘǚǘǖnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ
ǗNJǡNJǕNJƿƿ-cnjǏǔNJNjǥǕ ǔNJǔnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcnjǛǏǍ
ǎNJ ǛǙǘǚǖǏǐǎǝNJǚǟNJǒǛǜNJǖǒǒcǗǘnjNJǜǘǚNJǖǒ
ǔǕNJǛǛǒǔNJǖǒǒcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜNJǖǒƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘǑNJ
njǜǘǚǥǖǒNjǥǕǜǏǟǗǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛƯnjǚǘ
ǙNJǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǕǘǍǒǔNJǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǚNJǑnjǒ
ǜǒǩǘǗǒǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǒǞNJnjǘǚǒǜNJǖǒ
njcǧǜǘǖǛǙǘǚǏƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǛǜǘǚǘǗǏǙǏǚnjǥǟ
NjǥǕǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǜǩǍǘǜǏǨǣǒǓǔcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖƮNJ
ǒcnjǕNJǛǜǦǜǘǐǏǧǜǘǎǏǕǘǘǡǏǗǦǕǨNjǒǕNJƷǘ
ǒcǛNJǖǒǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǛǜǥNjǥǕǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǜNJǕNJǗ
ǜǥǗǘǙǘǧǜǥǒcǎNJǐǏǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǥƶǒǟNJǒǕ ǜNJǔǒcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǘǖ ǡǜǘǝǐǏǘǎǗǘǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏ ǔǚǝǍǕǘǏǘǔǘǢǏǡǔǘnjǘǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǏǎNJǘǔǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJ
ƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjƶNJǔǛǒǖƪǜNJǩǗǠƶǒǟNJǒǕƼǝǖNJǚ ǔǘǕǘǗǗǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǙǘǢǕǘǛǜǦǨƴǚǘǖǏǔǘǕǒ ǗǏǕǘnjǔǘnǙǚǒǕǒǙǢǒǏ~ǔcǔNJǚǗǒǑǝ
ǔǒǗƮǖǒǜǚǒǓƫNJǚǟǒǗƶǒǟNJǒǕƫǏǕǘnjƷǘ ǡǏǛǜnjNJǒǍǚNJǕǛnjǘǨǚǘǕǦǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚnjǛǏǧǜǒ ƪǜǘǡǜǘƴNJǚǕǛǘǗnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǧǜǝ
ǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǒǟǛǒǕǘǓNjǥǕǕǝǡǢǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚ ǗǘnjǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǎnjǘǚǠǥNjǥǕǒǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǙǘǜǘ ǗǏǕǘnjǔǘǛǜǦcǷǧǜǘǗǏǠǒǜNJǜNJNJcǘǜǛǥǕǔcǘNjǣǏǖǝǎǝǟǝ
ǗǥǓǔǚǒǜǒǔǛǜǚNJǗǥƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓƺǏnjǑǒǗƹǚǒ ǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǛNJǖǘǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǏǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝ ǙǚǘnjǒǗǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏ
ǧǜǘǖǘǎǒǗǒǑǏǍǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǟNJǚǍǝǖǏǗǜǘnjNjǥǕ ǘǜǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǏǍǘǛǜNJǜǝǛNJƲcǙǏǚnjǘǏǝǎNJǡǗǘǏ ǚǏǎǦǠǒǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǎǏǕNJǕǧǜǘǙǘǛnjǘǏǖǝǚNJǑǝ
ǛǕǏǍǔNJǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛNJǕǏǗnƼNJǔǘǓǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏƴNJǚǕǛǘǗNJNjǥǕǘǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǖNJǕǏǗǦ ǖǏǗǒǨǙǘǚǘǓǗǏǕǏǙǘǗǘǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǘƮǏǚǏnjǗǩǠǒǜǒ
ǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǔNJǔǝǨǎǏǕNJǨǜnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏ ǔǒǓǎǘǖcǖǏǜǚǘnjcǷǗNJǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜǧǜǘ ǚǘnjNJǕNJǍǘǚǘǎNJcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJcǷǔNJǖǏǗǗǝǨ
ƻǔǘǔNJǗƹǕǘǜǔǒǗƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗǒcƻǔǝǚNJǜǘnjnjǘ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǚǘǛǔǘ ǘǜǛǨǎNJcǷǝǍǕǘnjNJǩǚǝǛǜǘnjǔNJƸǗNJǒcǜNJǔǙǚǒǢǕNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǨ
njǛǏǖǖǒǚǏǙǘǕǗǘƪcnjǘǜǜNJǔǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑ ǢǏǛǜnjNJ ƬǜǘǚǘǏ ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ njǥǜǏǔNJǨǣǏǏ ǒǑ ǒǑǜǚǏǜǦǒǟǚǝǔǎNJǒcǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǛǖǥǛǕNJ
ǖNJǗǏǜNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǒǍǎǏ~ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǘǓǛǜǏǔǕǩǗ ǙǏǚnjǘǍǘcǷǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǎǘǖǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǥǖƹǘ ǔcǧǜǘǖǝnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǗǏǒǖǏǕNJǗǘǔNJǔǐǏǘǗNJǜǝǜǝǖǏǛǜǗNJ
ƮǘǖnjcƱNJǟNJǚǘnjǘǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǐǎNJǏǜǧǜǘǜǜǏ ǗǝǨǙǒǚNJǖǒǎǝnǙǚǘǕǘǖǒnjǢǝǨ~ǔǚǥǢǝǎǘǖNJƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦ ǧǜǘǖǝǗǒǔNJǔǒǟNJǗǞǒǕNJǎǒcǎNJǐǏǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǘnj ƪcǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǝǖǏǛǜǗǥǓNjNJǕǔǘǗǡǒǔcǷǧǜǘǏǣǏǒcǜǘǗǔǒǓ
ǑǒǛcǷnjcǖNJǛǢǜNJNjNJǟǜNJǔǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǘǎǗǘǍǘNJnjǜǘǚNJƮǏǕǘ ǜNJǜǏǧǜǘǍǘǙǚǘǒǛǢǏǛǜnjǒǩǛnjǏǜǒǎǏǜǗǏǛNjǘǔǝ ǒǑǘǔǘǗ ǙǕNJǗǔǚǏǙǔǘǛNjǒǜǗǘǗǏnjǛǖǩǜǔǝƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǣǏǕǡǘǔǙǘNJǎǚǏǛǝNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǥǟnǗǘnjǘǎǏǕǘnj~ǚNJǑǤǏǎNJ
njcǜǘǖǡǜǘƸǕǏǍƴNJǚǕǛǘǗǘǎǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǜǚǒ ǒcǗǏǛnjǏǚǟǝ ǔNJǔNjǥnjNJǏǜnjcNJǜǚǒǝǖNJǟ NJcǔNJǔǒǖǜǘǛǘnjǏǚ nǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǝǚNJ~ǙǕNJǗNJǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǔǚNJǛǒnjǘǏǙǚǘ ǨǣǒǟǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǘǛǜǦƬǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǩǎǏǜǛǜnjǘǙǚǘnjǏǎǏǗǗǘǏ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǛcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǖǒǙǕNJǗǒ ǢǏǗǗǘǞNJǗǜNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏNjǘǛǕǘnjǗǘǙNJǎNJǏǜ ǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǒcnjcǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǟNjNJǕǔǘǗǗǥǟǘǍǚNJǐ ǝcNjNJNjǝǢǔǒƹǝǢǔǒǗǙǒǛNJǕnƶǗǏnjǒǎǒǜǛǩǖǘǏǛǏǕǏǗǦǏc
ǚǘnjǔNJǖǒ Ƭc ǘǛǗǘnjǝ ǙǘǕǘǐǏǗ ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜ ǛǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǓ ǒǑ njcǎǘǖƾNJǛNJǎǝǧǜǘǗNJǙǘǕǦǑǝǖǘǐǏǜǒcǗǏǙǘǢǕǘǑNJǜǘ ǎǏǗǒǓǒcnjcǚNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǔǏǘǔǘǗǜǘǏǛǜǦǖǘ ƶǘǏƱNJǟNJǚǘnjǘǘǗǘƻcǑNJNjǘǚNJǖǒnjcǚǏǔǏnjǘǕǗǒǛǜǘǓ
cǖǘǎǝǕǏǓǚNJǑǖǏǚǔNJǐǎǘǍǘcǷǗNJcǖǏǜǚNJƬcǜNJ ǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǒǘǎNJǚǏǗǥǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǘǙǥǜǘǖƼǚǏǜǒǓnǔǒ ǎǝǕǦǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǙǚǘǙǒǛNJǗ ƻcǖǘǛǜǘǖǒcǚǘǣǏǨǜǏǗǒǛǜǘǓƱǏǚǠNJǕǘǖnjǘǎǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǘc
ǔǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǏǖǘǐǗǘǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǒcǙǚNJnjǘǛǕNJnjǗǥǓǟǚNJǖ ǜNJǓǛǔǒǓ~ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǘǓǝǙǚǘǣǏǗǗǥǓnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǢǒǗǝNJǑ ǗNJnjǛǏǟǝǚǘnjǗǩǟ ƷNJǟǘǕǖǏǎǘǖǒǔǖǘǓǛcNjNJǕǔǘǗNJƶǘǍǝǛǘǓǜǒnjcnjǏǛǏǕǥǓ
ǒc ǙNJǕǕNJǎǒNJǗǛǔǝǨ njǒǕǕǝ NJc ǖǘǐǗǘ ǒc ǗǏ ǝnjǒǎǏǜǦ Ǚǘ ǚǒcǷǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǓnjcǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟǗNJǚǝNjǏǐǏ<:---Ƕ ƴǘǕǘǗǗǥ ǜǘǐǏ ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǏ njc ǙǕNJǗǏ ǛNJǎȁ~cǷǗǘǍǎǏǜǘǜNjNJǕǔǘǗ#ƹǘǜǏǚǩǕǛǩnjcǟǘǎǏǡǏǚǏǎǥ
ǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǜǚǏǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǒǑǤǩǜNJǙǘǎǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ <-<cnjǏǔǘnjǛǜǒǕǒǑNJǠǒǒ ǎNJǚǘǖǡǜǘǒcǛNJǖǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǨ ǡǏǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏNjǥnjNJǕǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟ njǘǛǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǓǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǎǘǖNjǥǕǛǗǏǛǏǗnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏ
ƼǚǒǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǟǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǒǔNJǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJcǷǔǝǟǗǩ ǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǘǓǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ ƸǗnjǏǛǦǖNJǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǏǗǔǚNJǛǗǥǓ ǗǘǜǏǒcǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦǒǑNjǚǏnjǗNJƪcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖcǷǒǑ ƿƿnjǏǔNJǗNJǏǍǘǖǏǛǜǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘnjǥǓnjccǍǘǎǝǛǍǘ
ǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǔNJǖǒǗǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩƼǚǒǎǚǝǍǒǟcǷǟǘǕǕǛNJ ǠnjǏǜǑNJǍǗǝǜǥǏǔnjǏǚǟǝǝǍǕǥǔǚǘnjǕǒǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǥǏǔǘǗ ǔǕǏǏǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǒcǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǏǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǏǖǝ ǚǏǕǒcǘǗnjcǖnjǘǛǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗcǷǙǚNJnjǎNJǔNJǔǝnjǏǚǩǨǜ
ǗǝǑǏǕǛcǙǚNJǡǏǡǗǘǓǛNJǝǗNJƷNJǎǗǒǖǒcǷǜNJǔǒǏǐǏǔnjNJ ǛǘǕǒǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗNJǩǚǏǢǏǜǔNJǙǘnjǛǏǖǝǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝ ǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǥƸǜǜǏǗǘǔǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ ǑǗNJǜǘǔǒǗǏǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǛǜNJǚǘǍǘNJcǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǏǍǘǞǕǒǍǏǕǩ
ǎǚNJǜǥǛǙNJǕǏǗǜǘǕǦǔǘǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǓnjǥǗǝǜǙǘǎnjǜǘǚǘǓ NJcnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǘǓǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǓǘǡNJǍ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǕǏǐǒǜǗNJnjǛǏǖǎǘǖǏ NJcǧǜǘǒcǛǕǒǢ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǎǕǩǙǘǕǗǘǜǥNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒ
ǛnjǏǜǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓƺNJǛǔǕNJǎǝǐǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǓǗǘ ƸǎǗNJǔǘǡǜǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǏǧǛǔNJǙNJǎǥ ǔǘǖǚǘnjǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǒcǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǏ ǎǘǕǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǜǦǡǜǘǗǒNjǝǎǦǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǗǏǕǏǙǘǏ
njǘǜǜNJǔǙǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǖ NJcǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǛǡǒǜNJ ǡǜǘǘǚǒǏǗǜNJǕǒǛǜǛǔǘǏǎǏǔǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǘǐǗǘǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǜǦ ǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǒcǛǕǒǢǔǘǖNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘǏǒǟǒǛǙǘǕ ǒcnjcǔNJǚǕǛǘǗǘnjǛǔǘǖǎǘǖǏƲcǧǜǘǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩnnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ~ǗNJ
ǏǜǛǩǛNJǖǥǖǝǨǜǗǥǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖ ǗǒǔǜǘǏǣǏǎǏǚǏ ǎǘcNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǜǒƪcnjǘǜǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓNjNJǚǛǔǒǓǎǘǖǛcǔǘ ǗǏǗǒǏ cǷǡǏǛǜǗǘǏǛnjǒǎǏǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǘcnjǚǏǖǏǗǒ ǑNJǎǗǏǖǞNJǛNJǎǏǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǖNJǕǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǛNJǖNJǗǏnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ
njǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǗǏǚNJǛǞNJǛǘnjǥnjNJǕ ǕǘǗǗNJǖǒcǷnjǏǣǦǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǚǘǎǗNJǩǒcǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǗNJǩ ǔǘǍǎNJǎǘǖNjǥǕǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗƲcǧǜǘǜǘǐǏǕǒǢǗǒǓ ǙǘǙǚǒǡǒǗǏǖNJǕǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǒ ǜNJǔǏǣǏǒcǛǤǏǎNJǏǜǙǕǘ
ƷǘǛNJǖǘǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏǜǘǡǜǘǗNJǜǚǒ ǡǜǘ ǝǙǚNJǐǗǏǗǒǏ ǗNJ ǧǜǝ ǜǏǖǝ ǔǝǎNJ ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏ NJc ǚǏ ǚNJǑnjǥǍǘǎǗǘǘǜǜǏǗǩǏǜǎǘǖǗNJǞǘǗǏǑNJǙǘǕǘǗǒnjǢǒǟǛǜǚNJ ǣNJǎǦǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨnjǥǟǘǎǒǜƫǚNJǔǐǏ
ǧǜǒǟǎǘǖNJƴNJǚǕǛǘǗnǗNJǎǏǕ~ǜǚǒǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǚNJǑǗǥǟǞNJ ǑǝǕǦǜNJǜ ǏǛǕǒǘǗǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǓ cǷǔǝǎNJǠǏǗǗǏǏƹǘǛǕǏǎ ǗǝǙǘǎǎǏǕǘǔǙǘǎǘǡǜǘǗǒNjǝǎǦƲcǟǘǜǩnjcǎnjǝǟǢNJǍNJǟcǷ ǙǚǒǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǙǚǒǡǒǗǏǙǚǒnjǗǏǛǏǗǒǩnjcǜǏǖǝǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ
ǛNJǎNJcǷǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǒcnnjǘǛǜǘǡǗǥǓ~ ǗǩǩǘǍǘnjǘǚǔNJǛnjǩǑNJǗNJǛcǜǏǖǡǜǘǏcǍǘǎǥnjǥnjNJǕǒǕǒ ǝǛNJǎǦNjNJƶNJǚǒǒƭNJǗǗǒNjNJǕNjNJNjǝǢǔǒƹǝǢǔǒǗNJǎǘǖǗǏ ǙǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǗǏǓǏǓǜǏǖǥǎNJǡǒƷǘǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǔNJǙǚǒǑǑNJ
ƬǜǘǚǘǓnjcƿǕǨǙǒǗǘǒǖǏǏǜǗNJǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǏ ǗNJǗNJǛǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǎǎǏǕǘǔǙǘǎǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǝ ǔNJǔnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏ ǑNJǒǍǚǥnjNJǏǜǎNJǐǏǛcǗǏǓNJcǕǒǢǦǢǕǏǜǙNJǚǝnǙǚǒnjǏǜǘnj~ ǔNJǑǡǒǔNJNJcǔǝǎNJǐǏnjcǝǛNJǎǦNjǏNjǏǑǔNJǙǚǒǑǘnj

180 
43.
*     
VUVR J^w*'!*" ";U'R*V _VU wR_)‰RU #UV*Š
"‡* NU' ;)RXU")U‰ ;UV"V‰ "<)*^ R.UŠ



  +, N"a*'W R 'U'*RV ;XU*JVXU"RW "<X*RNRU'
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


/ ;U)‰wU"R wJw_J- UUV"*VV"*RRU <;XU*JV
NU'JU" XwX!V‡")W <^_*VU' . ;X*N;U)#*Š
     


'U#U '*VU;U)Ux*RWF "<_VRUV X.V*JVUX NU)Š
  x*R !‡) "R*NXV‰ RU"‡* U!Ž*'‡ "<w;U"*NRU* w*)*Š
  '0 !" # RU* UJX^x*R* 'J')‰RU VJV_RU <R*w'*VRU-

( UV]N U!V"*RRU <J"UX*_RJ< JJ* *~*


NU'J *) R* ;V_‰ 'U#^V ;U."VV‰W VJUˆ

   
wV*XWRRUV‰] "<;XXUNRUˆ X*N*Œ X.V*JVUX ;XŠ
N^') N)W R. VURJ* '*V))_*J* RU#Š"
"‡UV JUVUX‡. UV")W*V !U)** N"^. '*VXU"F SVUŠ
#U !‡)U NUVVU_RU N)W VU#U _VU!‡ U.XRV‰ ;XUŠ
ɭ ɮ
ɭ V  J- #^)"]~*'^W ;U )*^ _*)U"*J^ R* VU)‰JU !*Š
 
   ;X*;WVV"*RR‡ˆ ;XU.UN RU <U!wUX x"U;RU#U
% 
  - )RNaTV- TN‡ wNRˆ U VUXUR‡ )* ;)RŠ
T
  (#   %
+
XU")U‰ UJXV‰ "<V*'RUŠ JUX_R*"‡ˆ ;U_V _*XŠ
(;
  +- ?>>@
R‡ˆ `"*V< "<VUR V"U)' N*X*"‰*" VJU#U x* `"*V
ɮ ) )
 - !‡) !‡ <"- "UV VJ N*a‰ *!* )*RUˆ VXU;Uˆ
;

   `J "<#^~]~.W ^'*XJ. "*_*X <";*X*N VU)‰JU
")J' %  w
  -
U#UR*J VRV"*RR‡ˆ "*VVW< U"*' JJ "<JwŠ
1967
J*< ;UWRW*V "Uˆ w'‡*) X.V*JVUX-< VU ) NUŠ
'J )*RUˆ R'T‡ ";*X*N VU ) w!^aJ R J^X‰.
RUxJ.- P %  (E
 X 

+ @<   ?>@?

nƻǔnjǘǚǏǡǗǒǔǒ~ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜǜǏǖǝǗNJǡNJǜǝǨƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏ ƻǏǖǦǕǏǜǛǙǝǛǜǩǎǝǟǧǜǘǜnjǥnjǏǜǚǒǕǛǩ
njǥǖnjccǍǘǎǝcǷǔǚNJǛǗǥǖǒǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǖǒǎǘǖǒǔNJǖǒ 16 ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnǛǔnjǘǚǏǡǗǒǔǒ~ǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǔNJǖǏǚǗǏǏǒǗǜǒǖǗǏǏ
ǗNJǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒnjǛǏǜǘǍǘǐǏnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~LJǜǘǜNJǔǒǏǐǏ ǝǨǜǗǏǏƮǘǖǝǐǏǗǏǚnjǏǜǛǩǗNJǚǝǐǝǙǘǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǩǛǦnjǛǏǖ
ǖǒǗǒǘǜǏǕǒǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǏǛǜǘǩǕǒ njǏǜǚNJǖNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜnjǛǩǡǏǛǔǒǝǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǜǏNjǩǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ
ǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗNJNjǏǚǏǍǝ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǩǔNJǔǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnjcǗǏǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǔǚǥǢNJƸǗNJǛǕǏǍǔNJǙǚǏǝnjǏ ǛcǘǔǗǘǖǝǑǔǒǖǙǘǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏcǷǔǝǟǗǩƸǜǕǒǡǗǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘ
ǖNJǩǡǔǒǘǜǔǝǎNJǒǟǩǚǔǘǛǜǦ NJcǧǜǒcǷǗNJǔǚNJǨǕǏǛNJƹǘǧ ǕǒǡǏǗNJǒcnjǑǎǏǚǗǝǜNJǗǘǝǐǏǗǏǜNJǔNJǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗNJƬǑǕǏ ǚNJNjǘǜǎǏǕNJǏǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǝǐǏǗǏǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǥǖǙǚǘǚǥ
ǜǘǖǝǒǟǠnjǏǜǘnjǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǒǗǘǏǔcǕǏǛǝcǷǜǏǖǗǥǖǑNJ ǜNJǨǣǏǓǔǚǥǢǏǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜǙNJǎNJǨǣNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǒcnjǏǛǦ njǘǖNJcǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǖǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǛǔǒǖǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǘǖcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖ
ǎǘǖǔcǙǘǕǩǗǔǏcǷǛnjǏǜǕǥǖǙǏǚǏǎǘǖ ǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǍǚǒNjǥ  ǎǘǖǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJnjǛǜǚǏǡǝǍǘǛǜǨ ǡǜǘNjǥ ǘǗǒcǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǔNJǔǛǏǚǒǓǗǥǓǜǘnjNJǚ ǜǚǒǖǏǛǩǠNJǒǑ
ƬcǔǚNJǛǗǥǟǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǛǘǎǏǚǐNJǗǒǏǖNjǥǕnjǒǎǗNJnjǘǎǘǟǚNJ ǙǚǒǗǩnjǏǍǘǑNJǟǕǘǙǗǝǜǦǛǩ ƸǛǘNjǝǨǒǗǜǒǖǗǘǛǜǦǎǘǖǒǔǝ ǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏǙǕǨǛǗǏǎǏǕǩǖǘǗǜNJǐNJǗNJǖǏǛǜǏ 
ǗǒǕǒǣǏNJcǔǚǝǍǕNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛǒǕǦǗǘnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǕNJnjǙǏǚǏǎ ǛǘǘNjǣNJǏǜǜǘǡǜǘǎnjNJǞNJǛNJǎNJǛǙǕǘǢǦǑNJǢǒǜǥǎǘǛǔǘǓcǷ ƮǘǖNJǙǘǎǗǩǜǥǗNJǗǘǐǔǒ ǡǏǖǖǒǗǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǗNJǗǘǛǒ
ǗNJǡǒǗNJǩǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǡǝǜǦǗǏǜǚǒNjǝǗǘǓƬǔǝǙǏǐǏǛcǔǚNJǛǗǥǖ ǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘNjǥǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚnjǥnjǏǚǗǝǜǗNJǚǝǐǝ ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘ ǖǥǓǑǏǖǕǏǝǣǏǚNj ǛǑNJǎǒǒǖǏǨǜǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǏǘǔǗNJcǷ
ǠnjǏǜǘǖnjǛǏǧǜǘnjǖǏǛǜǏǒǖǏǕǘǘNjǚNJǑǙǘǡǜǒǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒ ǘǗǒcǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǛnjǏǜǕǥǖǟǘǜǩǒcǞNJǗǏǚǗǥǖ  ǜǘǏǛǜǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǧǜǘnjǗǝǔǒƿƿnjǏǔNJǗǘǝǐǏǗǏNjǝǚǗǘǍǘ
ǘǗǗǥǓǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǓǎǝǟǝnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǏǣǏǗǏǛǢǏǖǝ ƹǕNJǗǩǛǏǗǔNJǔǎnjNJǐǎǥǎnjNJǛǙǏǚǏǎǒcǷ ǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǘǗǗǘǍǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJNJcǖǒǚǗǘǍǘNjǝǚǐǝ
njcǛǏNjǏǛǒǕǦǗǥǓǑNJǙNJǕǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǒ ǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcNjNJǕǔǘǗǘǖǒcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǘǔǗǘǖǛǑNJǎǒcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ NJǑǗǘǍǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ

182 


84
18
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
Ǜǘ
Ǜ ǘ njǚǏ
ǘnj ǚ Ǐǖ
ǚǏǖ
ǏǖǏǏǗ
Ǘ
ǗǗǗǥǓ
ǥǓ Ǔǚ
ǚǝǛǛǔ
ǚǝ Ǜǔǒ
ǔǒǓ
ǎǏǚ
ǎ
ǎǏǏǚǏ
Ǐǚ Ǐnjǩ
njǩǗǗ
njǩ Ǘǥ
ǥ Ǔǎ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǓǎ
Ǔ  ǎǘ
ǘǖǖ
# 

ɭ ɮ
44. ɭ z[’“[- x
  
  “ettfg [ejjk—f 

  

 

<X - ?>>H ;UNU!RU XV*R]Š
d„dƒqŸi-  - ;XwV^ JUVUXU* ;XxŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

2010 "*VW R N*X*"* <;V*VW *#U UJU' NU' X;UŠ





 
 
 )#*VW R JX‡a* ^x* ^~*V"^]~*#U VXU*RW

     



   ;UNJ)]_*VW J<*#U JU''^RJ`W' <U!""*V *#U
"U*ˆ U!U)U_JUˆ- <VUˆ )a‰ XwR`*ˆ _VU VXU*
   DEF> GHIE>H
R*;X'*VRU* wNR* ™#Xxš VUx* "‡#X‡"*V UV VŠ
  (* 6 !" # JU#U U*NV" U!X*VW RU"‡ˆ U!)J <NU;U)RŠ
( V*)‰R^] T^RJ`]-

  

ǜǒǙNJǔNJǚǔNJǛǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǘNjǢǒnjǔNJǞNJǗǏǚǘǓ
ǒcǔǚNJǢǏǗNJǩǎǘǛǔNJǙǘnjǏǚǟ
ƷǘǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǛǜǦǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǕǘnjǔǘ
ǘǜǜǏǗǏǗNJǜǚǏǖǩnjǙǘǕǗǏNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǖǒǟǘǎNJǖǒǠnjǏǜǘǖ
ǔǚNJǛǗǥǖ ǕǒǗǒǏǓ ǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ ǒcǘNjǤǏǖǘǖ ǔǘǗǛǘ
ǕǦǨ ƸNjǤǏǖǙǏǚǏǛǏǔNJǏǜǔǚǥǢǝǍNJǚNJǐNJǙǘǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒ
ǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩnjǏǛǦǖNJǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘcǷǔǘǗǍǕǘ
ǖǏǚNJǜNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǏǍǘǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǏǓ
ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJcǷǗǏǜƻǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩnjǜǘǚǒǜǧǜǘǖǝǙǕNJǗǝ
ǙǘǕǏǑǗNJǩǙǕǘǣNJǎǦcǷnjǛǏǍǘcǔnjcǖ ǙNJǎNJǩǔcǛǙNJǕǦ
ǗǏǒcnjǑǕǏǜNJǩnjcǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔcǜǘǖǝ
ǐǏǛǖǏǕǘǢNJǍNJǏǜǑNJǙǚǏǎǏǕǥǍNJǚNJǐNJ
ƱǗNJǖǏǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘnjcǜǘǜǐǏǍǘǎǜǏǖNJ
ƼǏǖNJǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǏǔ ǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǔǎǘǛǜǚǘǏǔǘNjǛǜǚǘǏǔ  ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǏǔ ǙǚǘǗǒǔǕNJ ǒc njc Ǎǘǚǘǎ Ʋc ǏǛǕǒ
ǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǜǏǚǩǕNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǒǘǛǘNjǏǗ ƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƴǘǗǎǚNJǢǘnj ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕ ǗNJ ǔǚǥǢǏ ǛǔǚǘǖǗǝǨ
ǗǘnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǖǛǏǔǜǘǚǏǍǎǏnjǘǘNjǣǏǑNJǔǘǗǥǖǩǍǡǏ ǍǘǕǝNjǘǓ(MHHIR:MPPEKIǘǜ1:6(:NjǘǕǏǏǑNJǖǏǜǏǗǛcǝǕǒ ǙǘǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǖǗǘǘǡǏǗǦǛǜǒǕǦǗǝǨǖǒǗǒǛǙNJ ǝǖǏǛǜǒnjǗNJ
ƸǎǗNJǔǘǖNJǕǘǔNJǔǘǏǑǎNJǗǒǏǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǛǒǕǦ Ǡǥ0IKEP-PPIKEPƶNJǗǝǧǕǩƿǏǚǠNJnjcƴǏǕǦǗǏNJcǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗƹNJ ǔnjǖcǛNJǝǗǝǎǝǢǎǐNJǔǝǑǒǒcnjǒǎǗNJƱNJǖǘǛǔnjǘǚǏǡǦǏ 
ǗǘnjǥǒǍǚNJnjǢǒǖnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔǒ ǚNJǑnjǏ ǛǔNJǕǩƭǚNJǛǛǘǗNJǔǚǥǢǏƹNJǕǏǎǏƼǘǔǒǘnjcƹNJǚǒǐǏ   ǜǘNjǨǚǘ;3;,%97njǘǑnjǏǕǘǠǏǕǝǨnƻǜǚǏǕǔǝ~ǘǛǝ
ǡǜǘNjNJǢǗǒƴǚǏǖǕǩ ǁNJǣǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜnjǛǩǔNJǩǗNJǎ ǞǒǔǛǒǚǝǏǜǧǜǘǝǐǏǔNJǔǖǘǎǗǥǓǜǚǏǗǎ ǣǏǛǜnjǒnjǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨǒǗǜǏǚnjǏǗǠǒǨǙǘnjǛǏǖnjǘǑǖǘǐ
ǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǛcǍǘǕǘnjǘǓnjǥǎNJǏǜǛǝǍǝNjǘǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǏ ƼNJǔǡǜǘǗǏǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǡǜǘǑNJǗǩnjǢǒǛǦ ǗǥǖǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǖƬǗǝǜǚǒǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJnjǢǏǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJ
ǚǏǑǘǗǥǑNJǗǏǓ NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǙǘǎǗǏǓ ǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǏǛǩ ǚǏǖǘǗǜǘǖǗNJǎNJǡǗǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǖǘǕǘǎǥǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǑǘǎǡǒǏ ǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒnjNjNJǚǗNJǔǚǥǢǏcǷǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗNJcnjǘǎnjǘǚǛǙǝ
ƷǘǧǜǘǑǎǏǛǦNJcnjǘǜnjcƯnjǚǘǙǏǜǏǖNJ NJǙǏǕǕǒǚǝǨǜǗǏǔcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔǏNJcǔcǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǘ ǛǜǒnjǢǒǛǦNJǖǞǒǜǏNJǜǚǘǖƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǡǜǘǎǕǩǘǜǎǏǕǔǒ
ǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǏǔǛǜNJǕNJnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏ<<-cnjǏǔNJǗǘnjǥǖǧǛǜǏ ǖǝTEVEWMXIǁǜǘǎǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǨǜǎǏǕǘǖǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǘNjǥǍǚǥ ǗǘnjǥǟǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǓnjǘǎnjǘǚǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǟǒǑǛǧǗǎnjǒǡ
ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǞǏǗǘǖǏǗǘǖƵǝǡǢǏnjǛǏǍǘǘǗNJǘǙǒǛǥ njNJǩnjǛǏnjnjǘǎǗǥǏƸǗǒǗǏǘǜǛǜǚNJǗǩǨǜǛǩǘǜNjNJǑǒǛNJ Njǥnj ǙNJǗǏǕǏǓǜNJǔǐǏNjǥǕNJǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǘNjǚǏ
njNJǏǜǛǩǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǥǖNJǗǏǔǎǘǜǘǖǙǚǘǕǩǍǝǢǔǝǒcNjǏǍǏǖǘǜNJ ǗǏǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǘǛǜǒǒcǘNjǘǛǘNjǕǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǙǘǎǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩǜNJǔNJǩ ǢǏǍǘǍNJǚNJǐNJ ǗǘnjǜǩǍǒnjNJǨǜǏǍǘnjcǒǍǚǝǑNJǢǒnjNJǩǙǘnjǏǚǟ ǢǏǜǔNJ;3;,%97ǝǛǙǏǢǗǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǒǜǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨ
ƼǘǏǛǜǦǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǍǏǚǘǏǖǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǕǩǍǝǢ ǕǩǍǝǢǔNJTEVEWMXIǔcǛǏǜǩǖǒcǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǠǒǩǖǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǝ NjǏǜǘǗNJǜǘǓǐǏǔǚNJǢǏǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓǡǜǘǒcǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔǝƻNJǖNJ ǧǔǛǙNJǗǛǒǨnjcǍǘǚǘǎNJcNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǛNJǖǥǟǩǚǔǒǟǏǏǘNjǚNJǑ
ǔNJnjǛǩǡǏǛǔǒǧǛǜǏǜǒǑǒǚǝǏǖNJǩǒcǎǒǑNJǓǗǒǚǝǏǖNJǩǗǘǙǚǒ ǨǣǏǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǩNjǏǍǏǖǘǜNJƹǏǚnjǥǓTEVEWMXIǙǚǘǔǕǨǗǝǕǛǩ ǐǏǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩcǷǔNJǔǒcǚǘǜǜǏǚǎNJǖǛǔǒǓ0EW Ǡǘnj ǜNJǔǒǟǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǔNJǔƭǘǚǘǎǛǔNJǩǞǏǚǖNJǗNJƬƮƷƿ 
ǧǜǘǖǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǩnjǕǏǗǒǩ TEVEWMXI ǝǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǗNJǜǘǡǜǘ njccǍǘǎǝǗNJǔǚǥǢǏǙǚǘǖǑǎNJǗǒǩnjcƺǘǜǜǏǚǎNJǖǏcǷǑǏǕǏ 4EPQEWǗǘǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǎNJǐǏǎǏǔǕNJǚNJǜǒnjǗǘ NjǝǎǏǜǘǎǒǗǒǑNJnjǜǘǚǘnjǧǜǘǓǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǓǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔǒcǷ
ǙǚǒǕǒǙǕNJnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǘǗNJƲNjǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǛnjǘǏǓǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǓ ǗǏǗǦǔǒǓ0EW4EPQEWƱNJǜǏǖnjcǜǘǖǐǏǍǘǚǘǎǏǙǚǒǑǏǖǕǒǕǛǩ ƸǗNJǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǗǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǜǚǒǚNJǑǗǥǟǏǍǘ ƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩƲǑǖNJǔǘnjNJ

186 
45.
efghijiF^i

 



ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  

  .
   GEI<>J=;<K
  0 !" #
(

 
 /

ɭ ’sopk ‘srukj
qhopenfonfg- N  !

 
<^E- ?>>=

ɮ J 
 J  

) J:- ;
 
J - " -

 % B: 

<E $ B-
 <R
$ R   -
1896
ɭ ɮ
ƿǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƴǘǚǘnjǒǗNJǗNJƻǏnjǏǚǘǜǙǚNJnjǒǕ
ƻNJnjnjNJƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǘǛnjǘǏǗǒǩƻǏnjǏǚNJǒcǛǜǚǘǒ
ǜǏǕǦǐǏǕǏǑǗǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǒƬǘǕǘǍǎNJƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔcǷnjcǠǏ
ǕǩǟǔNJǔǛǔNJǑNJǕǒNjǥǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǙǒNJǚNJǙǚǘǏǔǜNJƴǘǚǘnjǒǗ
ǎNJǚǘǖǡǜǘnǙNJǚǒǐNJǗǒǗ~ǧǜǝǙǘǏǑǎǔǝnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǛcǛǘ
ǎǚǘǍNJǗǒǏǖǔǘǖNJǚǥǛǕǏǙǗǒǝǟNJǜǒǗǘǓǙNJǟǗǏǜnjcNjǘǕǘ
ǜǏǡǝǜǦǗǏǝǜǘǗǝǕǁǜǘǗǏǙǘǖǏǢNJǕǘǏǖǝǛǘǘǚǝǎǒǜǦǗNJ
ǧǜǝǜǏǖǝǎǒǔǘnjNJǜǘǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǟǙNJǗǗǘ ǐǒnjǘǎǏǚǛǔǒǏ
ǛǨǐǏǜǥnjcǖǘǎǗǘǖǘǞǘǚǖǕǏǗǒǒ ƪcǝǐǏǔcǗǒǖcǷǙǏǚǏ
ǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǒcǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗƴǚNJǓǗǏǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJcǷǎǕǩƬǛǏǚǘǛ
ǛǒǓǛǔǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒnjcƷǒǐǗǏǖƷǘnjǍǘǚǘǎǏ  nƹǏǚǏ
ǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ~cǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǏǍǘǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƵǏnjƴǏǔǝǢǏnjǖNJǜǏǚǥǓǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǒcǙǏǚ ƻǙǝǛǜǩǔNJǔǒǟǜǘǛǜǘǕǏǜǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǙǚǘ
njǘǙǚǘǟǘǎǏǠǛǜǒǕǩǖǘǎǏǚǗnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒƬNJǚǒNJǗǜƴǏǔǝǢǏnjNJ ǚǥnjǘǖǛǜNJǕNJ :30+%(%',%cǷǙǚǒǡǏǖƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǢǏǕ
NjǥǕnjǙǘǕǗǏǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǏǗ njǥǛǘǔǒǏǍǕǝǟǒǏǛǜǏǗǥǘǛǜǚǘ ǚǘnjǗǘǜǏǖǐǏǙǝǜǏǖ ǒcǏǏǜNJǔǐǏǛǘǡǕǒǛNJǚNJǏǖ ƷǏǘNjǥǡ
ǔǘǗǏǡǗǥǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǏǛǔNJǜǥ ǗǘƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjǝǑNJǔNJǑ ǗǥǝǐǏǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒǎǘǖNJǙǘǎǔǚǘnjǏǕǦǗNJǩǡNJǛǜǦǙǘǡǜǒ
ǡǒǔǝǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǕǘnjcǗǏǖǘǛǜǚǘǜǥ ǛǘǚNJǑǖǏǚǗNJǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓ ǡǜǘnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǒcǙǚǒǎNJ
ǒcǙǚǘnjǘǔNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒƴǘǚǘnjǒǗǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǙǕNJǗǒcǘNjǣǝǨ ǏǜǎǘǖǝǛǟǘǎǛǜnjǘǛcǛNJǚNJǏǖ ƴǚǘnjǕǩǐǏǔNJǔǒcǝcƴǘǚǘ
ǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǗǘǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǑNJǡǒǛǜǒǕǑǎNJǗǒǏǝNjǚNJnj njǒǗNJǕǒǢǏǗNJǛnjǏǛǘnjǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǛǘǛǜǏ
njǘǘNjǣǏnjǛǏǎǏǜNJǕǒ ǎNJǐǏǜNJǔǒǏǙǘǕǏǑǗǥǏǔNJǔǛnjǏǛǥ ǗNJǖǒǡǏǖǝǛǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǝǏǜǒcǛǙǕǘǢǗNJǩǑNJǢǒnjǔNJnjǛǏǍǘ
ǔǚǘnjǏǕǦ ƻǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔǒǑNJǜǏǨǗǏǙǘǗǩǕǒǒcǗǏǘǠǏǗǒ ǘNjǤǏǖNJǎǘǛǔǘǓƬcǔǚǘnjǕǨǜNJǔǐǏnjǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥǛnjǏǜǘnjǥǏ
Ǖǒ ǘNjǘǑnjNJǕǒ nǛNJǚNJǏǖ~ Ǘǘ ǧǜǘ NjǥǕ ǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓ Ǚǚǘ ǕǨǔǒ ǝcƴǘǚǘnjǒǗNJǙǚNJnjǎNJǛǜǏǔǕǘǑNJǗǒǖNJǕǘǜǚǒǡǏǜ
ǚǥnjǎǘǔNJǑNJnjǢǒǓǡǜǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǖǘǐǏǜ njǏǚǜǒǔǚǘnjǕǒcǷǗǘǜNJǖnjǛǏǐǏNjǥǕnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǓǙNJnjǒ
ǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦǞǘǚǖNJǖǒǘNjǤǏǖǘǖǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǩǖǒcǷǒcNjǏǑǘ ǕǦǘǗ NJcǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǗǥǏǎnjǏǚǒ :30+%(%',%
njǛǩǔǒǟǚǨǢǏǡǏǔ ǙǚǒǘǜǤǏǑǎǏǟǘǑǩǏnjǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǛǜNJnjǗǩǖǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ

188 
  & 
R*)‰wW JwV‰ _VU!‡ '‡ NU)#U XŠ
!UV) RN NU'U' "*N‰ UR U_*R‰
46.
O0'
;XUVUˆ- W<;UNXU!RU XJw) 


  +. ,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

!UX^ ;XU "* _VU .U_^ N*)V‰- _VU SVU !^N*V    &    )
'!X w ;XUV‡. NUUJ .UXUaU ^V*;)*RR‡ˆ
  .   .    
<<!U)‰a' UJR'- ;U)* _*#U UR ;Xa*)
"<#UV <;XR* ;;J^ ;XJV_*J <V*' _VU  33  5   5 
*ˆ_ R TUVU#XTW.- '‡ Xw"* _VU ;U;X"Š  2  &   
) TUX'^ UJUR <;XU;UX` TN- ;U_*'^   . 
'!XŒ "UŠ;*X"‡. SVU 'W ;XUVW TUX'-

 .  
 
"UŠ"VUX‡. "<SVUˆ '*VRUV *V‰ R*_VU ;U.UŠ
x**< R*JU)‰JU VX‡. .UwWˆV"*RR‡. ;UŠ    !" #
VXU*J- W<R R. 'UVX*) <N^') _VU VJUˆ (
NU' ";a*VW .UXUaU- W<R* .UV*) VXUV‰ V*Š
  &    . 
X*' JUVUX‡ˆ JJ "V"RW _*)]V‰ !^N*V XŠ
.UNV‰W <UJX^x*R*'-

ǘNjǢǒǜǥnjǛǏǜǘǓǐǏǎǘǛǔǘǓNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǡǏǖǝǎǘǛǜǒǍNJ ǍǝǕǩǕǘǜNjNJǗǔǒǔcNjNJǗǔǏǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǖǏǛǜǘǘǜǏǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓ
ǏǜǛǩǙǘǕǗNJǩǍǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǘNjǤǏǖNJ ǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǗǘǓǙǘǞǒǗǛǔǘǓǕǒǠǏǗǑǒǒǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦnjǑǩǜǦ
ƴǘǍǎNJǐǏǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǙǚǒǏǑǐNJǨǜǎǘǖǚNJ NjǘǕǏǏǎǘǚǘǍǘǓǞǒǗǛǔǒǓǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕƼNJǔǎǘǖǛǜNJǕǙǘ
ǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǛǦnjcǗǒǐǗǏǖǝǚǘnjǗǏǗǏ ǛǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǛǔǒǡǏǚǗǥǖcǷǔNJǔǘNjnjǏǜǚǏǗǗNJǩǗǘǚnjǏǐǛǔNJǩ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǖǗǘǒcǙǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǥǖƮnjǏǚǏǓǑǎǏǛǦ ǞNJǔǜǘǚǒǩnjcǙǘǎǚNJǐNJǗǒǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǘNjnjǒǗǩǕǒǒcƴǘǚǘnjǒǗNJ
ǎNJǐǏNjǘǕǦǢǏǡǏǖǘǔǘǗǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǎǘǖǏǜǏǙǕǘǘǗ ƺǏNJǕǒǒǖǏǛǜǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǚǏǍǝǕǩǚǗǘnjǟǘ
ǘNjǘǍǚǏnjNJǏǜǛǩnjǛǏǍǘǎnjǝǖǩǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔNJǖǒ ǔNJǖǒǗǘǖǒcǗNJ ǎǒǕǒnjcǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǏǛcǒǎǏNJǕǒǑǖǘǖǟǘǑǩǒǗNJnƻǘǠǒNJǕǦ
ǕǒnjǗǥǖǙǘǕǘǖǛcǙǘǎǘǍǚǏnjǘǖ ǗǘǛǜǏǗǥǟǘǚǘǢǘǎǏǚǐNJǜ ǗǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǟǘǜǏǕǗNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ
ǜǏǙǕǘǟǘǜǩǧǜǘnjǛǏǍǘǕǒǢǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǛcǎnjǝǟ ǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǖǏǛǜǗǥǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǒcǜǚǝǎǖǏǛǜǗǥǟǚNJ
ǛǜǘǚǘǗǘNjǢǒǜǥǓǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗǥǖǒǙǕǒǜNJ NjǘǡǒǟcǷǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǔǚǒǜǒǔƪǚǜǏǖƮǏǐǝǚǔǘcǷƸǗ
ǖǒǒcǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǗǥǓǖǒǗǏǚNJǕǦǗǘǓnjNJǜǘǓƪcǡǏǚǏǑǛǜǏǔǕǩǗ ǗNJǗǩǕNjǚǒǍNJǎǝǜnjǏǚǒǡǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǕǘǎǥǚǗǒǡNJǕǒǟNJǕ
ǗǝǨǎnjǏǚǦnjcnjNJǗǗǘǓǔǘǖǗNJǜǏǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǓǜǒǗNJǙNJǕǝNjǝ ǜǝǚǒǕǒNJcǜǘǒcnjǘnjǛǏǙǚǘǙNJǎNJǕǒƺǥǗǘǔǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟ
ǛcǧǔǛǍǒNjǒǠǒǘǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖǎǝǢǏǖǗNJǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǖnjǘǑǎǝǟǏ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǜǘǐǏǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǛnjǘǓǘǜǙǏǡNJǜǘǔǗNJǘNjǕǒǔǏ
ƮǝǢǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǗNJǘǎǗǘǓǒǑǢǒǚǘ ǎǘǖNJƸǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗǥǏǙǕǒǜǥǑNJǔNJǑNJǕǒ
ǡǏǗǗǥǟǜǏǚǚNJǛǒǑǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǘǓǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒ ǡǏǚǏǑǒǗǜǏǚǗǏǜƴǘǍǎNJǒǟǙǚǒnjǏǑǕǒǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǘǗǒ
ǘǙǘǩǛNJǗnjǏǛǦǎǘǖƼǏǚǚNJǛǥǗǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǥ ǏǣǏǘǎǗNJǗǏ ǢǏǚǢNJnjǥǏNJcǎǘǕǐǗǥNjǥǕǒNjǥǜǦǍǕNJǎǔǒǏƫǏǜǘǗǗǥǓ
ǘNjǥǡǗǘǛǜǦ ǘǜǡǏǍǘǔNJǐǝǜǛǩNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǥǖǒcǷǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘ ǙǘǕǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕǘǛǜNJǜǦǛǩǛǏǚǥǖǗǘǕNJǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǏǍǘ
njcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏǛǘǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǨǎǘǖNJƷǘnjǛǏǧǜǘ ǙǘǔǚǥǕǒnjǎǚǝǍNjǥǛǜǚǘǒcǛǒǕǦǗǘǙǘǐǏǕǜǏǕƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦ
ǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖǗǥǓǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǟǘǜǏǕǒǡǜǘNjǥnjcǎǘǖǏ ǜNJǜǏǎǘǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗNjǏǑNjǘǕǦǢǒǟǘǜǔǕǘǗǏǗǒǓǘǜǙǚǘǏǔ
NjǥǕǘǙǝǛǜǘǁǜǘNjǥǗǏNjǥǕǘnjǏǣǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǘNjǥǡǗǘ ǜNJǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǗǏNjǚǏǐǗǘƷǘǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǒcǑNJǔNJǑ
ǑNJǟǕNJǖǕǩǨǜǛǩǎNJǡǒNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǒcǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǢǔNJǞǘnjƷǘǧǜǘǜ ǡǒǔǝǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝǗǚNJnjǒǜǛǩǔǝǛǜNJǚǗǘǏǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏ
ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǚǝǔNJǒcǗǏǙǘǎǗǒǖǏǜǛǩǑNJǟǕNJǖǒǜǦǜNJǔǘǓǘǗNjǏ ǚǘǎǗǒǜǎǘǖǛcǖǏǛǜǘǖǍǎǏǘǗǛǜǘǒǜ~
ǕǥǓƲcǧǜǘǕǒǢǦǗNJǙǏǚnjǥǓnjǑǍǕǩǎǗǏǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǗNJ LJǜǘǛǡNJǛǜǕǒnjǘǏǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏǎnjǝǟǛǘNJnj
ǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǑǎǏǛǦnjǛǏǙǚǘǛǡǒǜNJǗǘnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǔǝǟǘǗǗǥǓ ǜǘǚǘnjǜNJǔǐǏǚǘǎǗǒǜ :30+%(%',%ǛcǙǚǘǏǔǜǘǖƶNJǖǘǗ
ǘǛǜǚǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǟǘǑǩǓǔNJǎǘǖNJǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǕǒǡǗǘ ǜǘnjNJǒcƴǘǚǘnjǒǗNJƬǏǎǦǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnjǚNJǍǘǖǗǘnjǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ
ǙǚǏǎnjNJǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǥǖǏǚǒnjnjǛǏNjǝǜǥǕǔǒǒcNjǘǔNJǕǥ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥNjǥǕǙǘǖǗǏǗǒǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔ ƹǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏnƪǚǟǙǚǒǨǜNJ~njcǧǜǘǖǒǑǎNJǗǒǒnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜnjǥ ǁǜǘǐǏǔNJǛNJǏǜǛǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǜǘcǧǜǘ
ƷǘNjǘǕǏǏnjǛǏǍǘǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǏǗǠnjǏǜǎǘǖNJ LJǜǘǘǗǚǏǑNJǕNjǨǎǐǏǜǥǛnjǘǏnjǘǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǕǖNJǜǏǚǒNJ ǑǥnjNJǨǣǏǘǗǗǏǡNJǛǜǗǥǓǒcǗǏǔNJǙǒǜNJǕǦǗǥǓǔNJǔNjǘǕǦ ǏǣǏ NjǘǕǏǏ ǝǛǕǘnjǗNJǩ ǔNJǜǏǍǘǚǒǩ LJǓǞǏǕǏnjNJ NjNJǢǗǩ
ǡǏǚǗǥǓƸǗǔǘǗǏǡǗǘNjǥǕǕǨNjǒǖǥǖǠnjǏǜǘǖǘǎǏǐǎǥ ǕǥǑNJǚǝNjNJǕǘǛǜǚǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǒcnjcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǛǡǏǜǏǗǏ ǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǏǍǘǛǘǛǏǎǏǓǙǘǔǗǒǍǏƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǗǏǖǖǘǐǗǘ ǒcnƪǜǘǖǒǝǖ~ǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦǔNJǔnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏǗǘǘǛǜNJǕǒǛǦ
ǚǝǛǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǗNJǡNJǕNJƿƿnjǏǔNJǗǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏ ǎNJǕǏǓnjǛǜNJǜǦnjǚǘnjǏǗǦǛcǖǒǚǘnjǘǨƷǘǜǝǜǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNjǥǕ ǛǙNJǜǦǏǛǜǦǒcǎNJǐǏǖǥǜǦǛǩcǷǡǏǖǗǏǎǘǖ#ƴǘǖǖǝǗNJǕǦ ǗNJnjǛǏǍǎNJƶNJnjǑǘǕǏǓƵǏǗǒǗNJǒcǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗƶǒǛNJnjcƫNJǚ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǎǘǛǏǕǏǗǏnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǕǛǩƹǚNJnjǎNJ ǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǙǚǘǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǒcǜNJǕNJǗǜǕǒnjǥǓ ǗǥǓcǷǎNJǗǘǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǘcǛǏǖǦǏǒcNjǥǜǏǛǏǍǘǎǗǩ ǛǏǕǘǗǏǜǘǐǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦǔNJǔnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏǙǘǜǘǖNjǥǕǒ
ǜǘǡǜǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǖǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǛǔǒǖǐǏ ǔNJǔǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚnjcǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜƸǕǏǍƮǦǩǡǏǗǔǘNjǥǕǒǑ ǛǜǚǏǖǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩNJcǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǩǛǘnjǖǏǛǜǗǘǍǘǙǘ ǛǕǘǖNJǗǥǑNJǜǏǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǥnjǗǘnjǦƪcǏǛǜǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ
ǛǜǘǖnjcǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǏǜNJǔǘnjǥǖǗǏNjǥǕǘǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǎǘǖǟǘ ǎNJǜǏǕǏǖǒcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǚǏǎNJǔǜǘǚǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǓnjǏǚǛǒǒǐǝǚ ǜǚǏNjǕǏǗǒǩ WLEVMRKIGSRSQ] ǑNJǟnjNJǜǥnjNJǏǜnjǛǏǗǘnjǥǏ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǜǚǘǒǕNJǛǦnǗNJnjǛǏǍǎNJ~ǗǘǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦnjǚǏǖǏǗ
ǜǏǕǒnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǔǚNJǛǒǜǦǡǜǘNjǥǘǗǙǘǛǏǚǏǕǛNJǖǛǘNjǘǨ ǗNJǕNJ-RXIVRMƪcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǝcǗǏǍǘNjǥǕNJnjǗǩǜǗNJǩǙǚǘ ǒcǗǘnjǥǏǛǞǏǚǥƲcnjcǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏnƪǚǟǙǚǒǨǜ~cǷǘǜ ǗǘǓǙǘǙǚǒǡǒǗǏnjǘǓǗǥǒǕǒǙǘǐNJǚNJƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ
ƱNJǜǏǖǚǏǢǒǕǒnjǛǏǐǏnjǥǔǚNJǛǒǜǦǗǘǠnjǏǜǔǚNJǛǔǒǛǒǕǦǗǘ ǍǚNJǖǖNJ ǛǖnjǥǢǏ  ǕǒǡǗNJǩǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗNJǩǖǘǎǏǕǦǐǒǕǒǣNJNjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘ ǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǙǚǒǘNjǚǏǕNJǗNJǚǝNjǏǐǏǟcǍǘǎǘnj

190 
 & 
'UxRU NU)#U X^xNV‰ U<R*;U"UXUV)"UV Ra. wŠ
Jw_JU" <X^JU' '*RV)V*V* #UX*"V‰ U<R*"Uw'UxRUŠ
V VXUV*)‰V" U"X*'*RRUˆ X.V*JV^X‡ "<XU
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǎ
ǎǏǚ
ǎǏ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
Ǜǘnj
Ǜ ǘ njǚǏǖ
ǘnj
Ǐ
Ǐǚ
njǚǏǖ
ǚ Ǐnj
ǚǏ

<w"NU"V‰ *"XU;*ˆJ' JU))*#' N^'V‰ ;U_*'^ R*V .UXUa. 'UŠ


ǚ Ǐǖ
Ǐnj
Ǐnjǩ
Ǐ ǖǏǗ
njǩ

)UN*xR‡. .UV*)U" "<VXR* <xNV‰b <'UxRU U!XV‰W < ; UVXUV‰


ǩ ǗǗ
ǗǗǥ
ǗǗǥ
ǏǗ
ǏǗǗ
ǗǥǓ
ǗǗ

"Uˆ ;X]V ''- "*N‰ *) ;XU*JVXU"V‰ <;UVXUV‰ NU'


ǗǥǓ
ǥǓ
Ǔǎ

R<?><_*)U"*J w ?>> V‡W_ X^!)*ˆ <;UVU' xV‰ "<R*' N"* R*N*)


 ǎǘ ǖ
Ǔ ǚǝ
ǚǝ
ǚǝǛ

VU ;U)^_VW N*a*")* _*' R'V‰ RU'*X "<#UVR`*-


ǝǛǛ Ǜǔ
Ǜǔǒ
Ǜ

URU"RW wN_ ;XU*JV< UwNV‰ ^R"*X)‰RU* SJURU'_RU*


ǔǒǓ
ǔǒ

<SR*X#USTT*JV"RU* x)U* ;XUVXRV"U X_VRRU* R "X*'*RŠ


RU* ;XUx"R*- U.XR*R* V*;) "<NU'*< URU"RW wN_ <)^_a*
"*#U N)W SVUˆ `*) ;UN.UNV TUX' `)RNX ) aX <'R')‰Š
RUˆ ;)U~N‰] "R*aR*ˆ U!U)U_J ;X 'J')‰RU' "R^VX*RR*' ;XUŠ
VXRV"*- UNRJU ;X JX^#)Uˆ ) Nx* "U‰'#XRRUˆ ;)RXU"J*
)UxR** X`UR)‰RU ;U)‰wU"V‰ "] ;)U~N‰ 'RU#U 'V*X)
^.UNV R U!X*wJ <)UxR** ;U)^_*VW V*.RU)U#W !UXJ ;USVU'^
<!‡) "‡!XR TUX' J^!-

njcƺǘǛǛǒǒǘǛǘNjǥǓǛǖǥǛǕǒcnƪǚǟǙǚǒǨǜ~ǛǜNJǕ ǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǠǏǛǛƲcnjcǛǕǝǡNJǏǛcnƪǚǟǙǚǒǨ
ǏǏǙǏǚnjǥǖǒcǕǝǡǢǒǖǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖ ǜǘǖ~ǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǠǏǛǛNjǥǕǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǡǝǎǘǖ
ƱNJ  ǕǏǜ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJ ǚǥǗǘǡǗǥǟ Ʈǘǖ NjǥǕ njǘǑnjǏǎǏǗ ǗNJ ǍǘǚǗǘǕǥǐǗǘǖ
ǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǓ ǙǘǗǩǜǒǏ nNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ~ NjǥǕǘ ǔǝǚǘǚǜǏcǞǏnjǚNJǕǩcǍǘǎNJcǷǑNJǘǎǗǒǛǝǜǔǒǎNJǏǣǏ
ǙǘǡǜǒǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǘǍǚǏNjǏǗǘǙǘǎǙǘǗǩǜǒǏǖ ǗNJ ǍǚNJǎǝǛǗǘǖ ǖǘǚǘǑǏ ƼNJǔNJǩ ǛǔǘǚǘǛǜǦ ǛǜNJǕNJ njǘǑ
nǗǏǎnjǒǐǒǖǘǛǜǦ~ƴǘǖǖǏǚǠǒNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩǚǏǎǝ ǖǘǐǗNJNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǓǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǘǏǔ
ǠǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǧǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǛnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗ ǜNJƾǘǚǖNJǔǝNjNJNjǥǕNJǙǚǒǗǩǜNJǔNJǔǗNJǒNjǘǕǏǏǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞ
ǗǥǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǔNJǔǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǖǝǩnjǕǏǗǒǨ ǞǏǔǜǒnjǗNJǩǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǕǘǣNJǎǦnjǗǏǢǗǏǓǘNjǘǕǘǡǔǒ
ƲǎǏǗǜǒǞǒǠǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǩǛcǧǜǘǓǗǘnjǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǙǚǒǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǖnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏƺNJǑǖǏǚǥ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓNjǥǕǘǝǐǏǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǘǗNJ ǔǝNjNJ cšccšccǖ ǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǓǚNJǑǖǏǚǙǒ
NjǥǕNJǗǏǎǕǩǗNJǛǒcǗǏǙǚǘǗNJǛƲcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗ ǕǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǘǗǐǏǙǘǖǘǍǎǘǛǜǒǡǦǒcǛǜǘǙǚǘǠǏǗǜǗǘǓ
ǗǥǖǐNJǗǚǘǖǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǥǖǚǏNJǍǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǗNJ NjǏǑǘǜǟǘǎǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJ
ǖǏǗǩǨǣǒǏǛǩǑNJǙǚǘǛǥǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJǘǜǚNJǐNJǜǦ ƹǚǒǡǏǜǥǚǏǟǧǜNJǐNJǟǒcǘNjǣǏǓǙǕǘǣNJ
ǏǍǘǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǒcǡNJǩǗǒǩǛǜNJǕNJnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩ ǎǒcǔnjcǖcnƹǚǒǨǜ~ǛǘǎǏǚǐǒǜǐǒǕǥǟǩǡǏǏǔnjǙǘǕǗǏ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƲǖǏǗǗǘǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǗǘǛǜǦnjǚǏ ǍǘǎǗǥǟǎǕǩnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǐǒnjNJǗǒǩ ǡǜǘǛNJǖǒNJnjǜǘǚǥ
ǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǩǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǎNJǏǜNJǚ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǒǜǝǜǐǏǒcǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǎǒǕǒ ƺNJǑǖǏǚǔNJǐǎǘǓǩǡǏǓ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝǜǝǛnjǘNjǘǎǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǎǏǕNJǏǜNJǚ ǔǒcǷcšccšccǖǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǜǦnjcǗǏǓ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǖƸǛnjǘNjǘǐǎNJǏǜǏǍǘǘǜ ǙǘǟǘǎǗǥǓǔǘnjǚǒǔǒǕǒǖNJǜǚNJǛǙǘǕǔǒǎǕǩnjǏǣǏǓǒcǒǗǎǒnjǒ
ǎǒǔǜNJǜNJǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǘǜǐNJǎǗǘǛǜǒǡǒǗǘnjǗǒǔǘnj ǎǝNJǕǦǗǘǏǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏljǡǏǓǔǒǖǘǍǝǜǙǚǏǘNjǚNJǑǘnjǥnjNJǜǦǛǩ
ǘǜǔǘǛǗǘǛǜǒǙǘǔǝǙNJǜǏǕǩƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǑǘǎǡǒǓ njcǛǏǖǏǓǗǥǏ ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǩǛǦ ǒǕǒǎNJǐǏnjcVIPE\ǑǘǗǝǔǚǘǖǏ
ǛǔNJǐǏǜǡǜǘǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǒǩcǷNjǕNJǍǘǡǜǘǘǗǒ ǜǘǍǘnjcǔǝNjǏǏǛǜǦǎǝǢǜǝNJǕǏǜǒcǔǝǟǗǩ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǨcšccǖ 
ǛǜǒǖǝǕǒǚǝǨǜǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǨǒcǡǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏNJǚ ƴNJǚǔNJǛǒcNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjnjǥǙǘǕǗǏ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǗǏǐǒnjǏǜnjcNjǏǑnjǘǑǎǝǢǗǘǖǙǚǘ ǗǥǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJ cšcǒccšccǖǖ ǒcǘNj
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏƷǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǜǘǍǎNJNjǥǕǝǐNjǘǕǦǗǘ ǚǏǑǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǒ cšcǒccšcǖǖ ƭǕǝǟǒǏǞNJǛNJǎǥǛǘ
ǛǙǏǚǜǥǓnjǘǑǎǝǟ NjǚNJǗǥǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǥǟǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǗǥǟǙNJǗǏǕǏǓNJcǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǦnjǛǏǟ
ƬǘǑǖǘǐǗǘnjǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǝǕǘǐǒǕNJǛǦnjcǜǥǛǩǡǚǝNjǕǏǓ
ɭ  <"
- ǗNJǡNJǕNJǟcǍǘǎǘnjǗǏNjǥǕǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǛnjǩǑǥ ƻnjǏǜǘǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǣǒǓ
;  B$  

- njNJǏǜǛǩǛǘǛǕǘnjǘǖnǛnjǘNjǘǎNJ~cǷǞNJǗǜNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǞǘǚǖ ǔNJǔǚǏǔǕNJǖNJNJǕǦǜǏǚǗNJǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑNJǐǒǑǗǒǛǘNjǚNJǗ
1934 ǞǝǜǝǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǕǒǗǒǓƷǘǘǗNJnjǘǘNjǣǏNjǥǕNJǗǏǙǚǘ ǒǑǛǘǜǘnjǘǍǘǙǘǕǒǔNJǚNjǘǗNJǜNJǜǘǕǣǒǗǘǓcǖǖNJcnjǛǏǛǘ
ǞǘǚǖǝNJcǙǚǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǙǚǘǕǨǎǏǓǙǚǘǛNJǖǘǘǚ ǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǩǗǏǛǝǣǒǟǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓǛǎǏǕNJǗǥǗNJNjǘǕǜNJǟ
ǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǨƲcǔǚNJǛǘǜǝǑǎǏǛǦǗNJǎǘǒǛǔNJǜǦǗǏnjcǜǘǖǔNJǔ ǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǕǘǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
NjNJǕǔNJǕǏǐǒǜǗNJǛǜǘǓǔǏNJcnjcǜǘǖǔNJǔǧǜǒǘNjǤǏǔǜǥnjǙǒǛNJ ǛǜnjǘǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǩǒǕǒǝǎNJǕǩǩǗNJǛǜǒǕǥǖǏǐǎǝǗǏǛǝǣǒǖǒ
ǗǥnjcǛǚǏǎǝǔNJǔǛǜǝǎǏǗǜǥǛnjǘǒǖǒǚǝǔNJǖǒnjǛǏǧǜǘnjǘǑ ǧǕǏǖǏǗǜNJǖǒǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒƬcǔǘǗǠǏǔǘǗǠǘnjǎǘǖNjǥǕǠǏ
njǏǕǒǔNJǔǧǜǒǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǐǒnjǝǜȁLJǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǕǒǔǘǖǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǗǙǏǚǏǗǏǛǏǗǒcǛǘNjǚNJǗǗNJǗǘnjǘǖǖǏǛǜǏ
Q -

ɭ ɮ
47. ɭ ! 
 ! 
- 


^N‰!XUJJU- ?>>A *#UNRW "<X.V*JV^X* '‡' "xR‡' V)U

ɮ ! 
 ! 
- VU w _*#U N*)RU- VU J<_*'^ _*)U"*J ;XJŠ



 
   "
B  
  hkgt Dh{ *VW- ;U"*X.RUV TJV^X V*JV^X- U<;XUŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  

  )
   % - VXRV"* X*_‰ "UU!~* R* N*V- W<x* ;‡V]‰ N*'URVXŠ
%- ?>>M XU"V‰ _VU X.V*JV^X R* 'Ux*V !‡V‰ w"WwR VU)‰JU R
   GEI<>J=;<K
'Uˆ *!*- ^<R** *V‰ 'aV! *ˆ "xR‡ XVUWRW X*Š
  (' !" # N #UXUN- X.V*JV^X< SVU *V*"W VUXW- W<;‡V]‰
( "R*NXV‰W "<;XUVXRV"U R* VU_*_RU ™;X*"X~W X.Š

 
 / V*JV^X^ "<U!Ž*JVš <N*)V‰ X.V*JV^X^ )RNaTVU'- JJ
!^NVU VJ "*#N <!‡)U- JJ !^NVU J)‡ ;UW")‰ "<NUŠ
)R* <UR ^x* _V‰ SVUˆ NU)R‡- SVU "U;XWV* X.Š
V*JV^X‡ R* U!Ž*JVRU <JJ `*;U_J U!‡Vˆ< _*X*w "X*'W
_*X*w N"x*R*- <N)‰a* 'U#^V !‡V‰ <TJV^X‡ <V*JV^Š
X‡< "* _VU ^#UNRU-

ƼNJǔǘǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǝcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǎNJ
ǒcǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǝcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ǗǏNjǥǕǘǏǣǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJƮNJ
ǝǐǏǒcǗǏNjǝǎǏǜǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǔNJǐǎǥǓǚNJǑnjǛǏ
ǒǑǘNjǚǏǜNJǏǜǑNJǗǘnjǘƷǘnjǛǏǘNjǣNJǩnjǘǛǜǘǚǐǏǗǗNJǩǚǏNJǔ
ǠǒǩǗNJǞNJǛNJǎǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏnjǘǛǙǚǒǩǜǒǏǚǝǛ
ǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥǔǘǍǎNJnjǛǏǏǏǍǏǗǒNJǕǦǗǥǏnjǏǔNJǖǒǘǜǜǘǡǏǗǗǥǏ
ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǗǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǑNJǜǖǏnjNJǨǜǛǩǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗNJǖǒ
ǙǘǕǘǜǏǗǠNJǖǒNJcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒǔǘ
ǜǘǚǥǏǝǎǘǛǜǘǒǕǒǛǦnnjǒǚǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǖǝǑǏǩ~ǛǜNJǕǒǘNjǤ
ǏǔǜǘǖNjǝǚǗǘǓǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǓǕǨNjnjǒǒcǔǚNJǝǎǞNJǗǎǒǗǍNJƻǙǘǚǝ
ǗǏǜǜǘǗǔǘǏǚǏǑǗǘǏǔǚǝǐǏnjǘǔǚNJǛǒnjǘǘǜǜǏǗǩǏǜNjǚǝǜNJǕǦ
ǗǘǛǜǦNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǘǓǔǕNJǎǔǒƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘnjcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒ
ǛcǔǚǏǙǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǒcǖǏǜNJǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒ
ǏǖƸǎǗNJǔǘǛNJǔǚNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǖǥǛǕǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJ ǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜ
ǔNJǔǘNjǏǚǏǍ ǎNJnjǗǘǒǛǜNJǩǕNJcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǕǕǏ
ǙǒǜǦǛǩǒcǗNJǘNjǢǒǜǥǏǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǎǘǖNJǒcǎNJǐǏǗNJNjǏǜǘǗ
ǗǥǏǒcnjcǔǘǗǠǏǔǘǗǠǘnjǛǜNJǕǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖǗNJǠǒǘ
ǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǔǕǘǗǗǘǛǜǒǔcǝǔǚNJǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝ
ƬǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǘnjnǙǒǔǛǏǕǒ~
ƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǗǒǔǘǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǏ ǟǘǜǩǘǗǒ
ǒcǗǏǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǖǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ 
ǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩ ǔNJǔǘnjǘǓǖǘǐǗǘǛǡǒ
ǜNJǜǦǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗǝ LJǜǘǕǒǢǦǛǕǝǐǏNjǗǥǓǒǗǛǜǚǝǖǏǗǜǗǏ
ǎNJǚǘǖǛNJǖǒǙǘǛǏNjǏǘǗǒnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩ
ƯǛǕǒǗǏNjǚNJǜǦnjcǚNJǛǡǏǜǞNJǛNJǎǜǘǧǜǘǘǜǕǒǡǗǥǓǛǘnjǚǏ ǛǙǚNJnjNJcǷǐǒǕNJǩLJǜǝǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǨNJnjǜǘǚǗNJǑnjNJǕnǙǚǒǗ ƬǛǏ ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǎǘ ǨǜǙǚǘǛǜǏǓǢǒǏǔNJǔǗNJǑNJǙǚNJnjǔNJǟǔǝǛǘǡǔǒǑǏǚǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ
ǖǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǖǗǘǍǘnjǛǏǍǘǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǗǘƿǘǚǘ ǠǒǙǘǖǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǡǏǜǔǘǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏǕǏ njǘǕǦǗǘNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǥ njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǔǗNJǙǚǒǎNJǨǜǔǘǖ ǙǕNJǛǜǒǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǔǚǏǙǩǜǛǩǔcǞNJǛNJǎǝǗNJǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǟ
ǢǘǛǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖcǷǕNJǙǒǎNJǚǗǥǓNjǚǝ ǗǥǗǘǗǏǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǥǙǘǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǔNJǔnjcǛǜNJǚǒǗǗǘǓ ǗNJǜNJǖǎNJǐǏǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǖǘǗNJǛǜǥǚǛǔǒǓǘǜǜǏǗǘǔ NJcǚǏǎǔǒǏ ǔǚǘǗǢǜǏǓǗNJǟƷǘǒcǔǒǗǘǧǔǚNJǗcǷǧǜǘǕǒǢǦNjǏǕNJǩǜǚǩǙǘǡ
ǛǘǔǏǎnjNJǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǚNJǛǛǏǡǏǗǗǥǓǗNJǎnjǏǗǏǚNJnjǗǥǏǡNJǛǜǒ ǝǛNJǎǦNjǏNJcǛǘNjǚNJǗǥǙǘǎǘǎǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǠnjǏǜǘnjǥǏǒǕǒǞNJǔǜǝǚǗǥǏǙǩǜǗNJ NjǏǛǛNJǚNJNjǛǔǒǓǔǘnjǏǚ ǔNJNJcǔNJǔǒǏǗNJǗǏǓǜnjǘǚǩǜǛǩǡǝǎǏǛNJǁǝǎǘǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǗǏ
njcǖNJǕǘǓcǷǍNJǚNJǐǒcǍǘǛǜǏnjNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǗNJǎǗǒǖƴǚǥǢNJ njǥǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǘǗǒnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǛǜNJǚǘǖǘǎǗǘǓNJǗǞǒǕNJǎǘǓ njcǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǛǜNJǚǒǗǗǥǏǢǔNJǞǡǒǔǒ ǟǘǚǘǢǘǒǍǚNJǨǜǗNJ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǘǖǏǗǩǨǣǒǓǛǩǙǘǖǏǚǏǙǚǒNjǕǒǐǏǗǒǩ
ǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗǏǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩ ǎǘǖǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓ ǗǘǒcǗǏ ǗNJǗǒǑǥnjNJǩǛǦǗNJǝǑǔǒǓǔǘǚǒǎǘǚƸǜǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǘnjǗǥǗǡǏ NjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǛǏǚǘǖǞǘǗǏƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǑNJǔǚNJǛǔǘǓnjǏǑǎǏ ǘNjǚNJǑ ǡǏǖǖǘǍǝǜǙǘǟnjNJǛǜNJǜǦǛǩǖǗǘǍǒǏǎǘǖNJǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǥ 
ǙǕǘǛǔNJǩ ǎǘǖǚNJǑǝǖǗǥǓ cǷǘǎǗǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩLJǜǘnjcǛnjǘǨ ǙǚǒǗǩǜǘǢNJǚNJǟNJǜǦǛǩǔNJǔǘǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǔǘǖǖǝǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ ǙǚǘǛnjǏǡǒnjNJǏǜǞNJǔǜǝǚNJǎǏǚǏnjNJǎǘǖǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǓǑNJǙǘǕ NJcǙǘǍǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǎǘǖNJnjcǙǏǓǑNJǐƷǘǒcǗǏǙǘǕǗǘǏnjcǗǏǖǚNJǛ
ǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǝǨǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨ ǍǎǏ ǡǝǖǥǗǘǙǘǕǘǐNJǚǝǔǝǗNJǛǏǚǎǠǏǜNJǔǕǒǝǐǘǗǒǖǏǢNJǨǜ ǗǏǗǒǏcǷNjǚǝǛƫǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǜǘǖǝǡǜǘnjǛǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩ ǜnjǘǚǏǗǒǏ ǜNJǔNJǩǑNJǎNJǡNJǙǘǙNJǟǒnjNJǕNJNjǥǘNjǖNJǗǘǖǛǕǒǢ
ǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘnjǘǑǎnjǒǍǕǒǗǘnjǘǍǘǎǗǨǨǏǕǔǝnjcǙǩǜǦ njcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ#ǁNJǓǗǏǖNJǕǘǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǗNJǩǔnjNJǚǜǒǚNJ NjǥǕNJǙǚǏǎnjNJǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǘǎǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗNJǎǘǖǛǘNjǚNJǕǒǔNJǔ ǔǘǖǟǘǎǘnjǥǖnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǗNJǢǒǟǎǗǏǓǜǘnjNJǚǘǖ NJcǞǚNJǍ
ǛcǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǘǓǖǏǜǚǘnj ǚNJǑnjǏǛǜǒnjǑǚǘǛǕǥǟǒcǎǏǜǏǓ ǛcǗǩ ǍǎǏǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǛǤǏǎNJǕǎǚNJǍǘǠǏǗǗǥǏǖǏǜǚǥƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǘǚǑNJǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǎǗǏǓƲǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏnjǒǗ ǖǏǗǜNJǚǗǘǏcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǙǒǔǛǏǕǒ
ǗǏǓ ǙǘǚNJǑǗǥǖǧǜNJǐNJǖNJcnjcǙǘǗǒǐǏǗǗǝǨǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǝǝǙNJ ǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǏǖǝnjǙǘǕǗǏǚNJǑǝǖǗǘǏ ǟǘǜǩǜǘǐǏǒǎǝǣǏǏǒǑ ǜǘnjǥǟǛnjNJǓǜǘǐǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǛǘǔǚNJǜǒǜǦǗǝǕǏnjǘǓǠǒǔǕ ƹǒǔǛǏǕǒǙǚǒǢǕǒǒǑNjǘǕǏǏǚNJǗǗǏǍǘǗǏ
ǔǘnjNJǜǦnjǛǏǡǜǘǗǏǜǚǏNjǝǏǜnjǥǛǘǜǥnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǛNJǝǗǝLJǜǘ ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǝǙǕǘǜǗǏǗǗǘǍǘNjǥǜNJ ǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJ ǒcǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNjǏǑǍǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǒǑǥǛǔNJǗǒǓƬǛǏǧǜǘnjǏǣǒ ǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJnƽƻƪƮdžƫƪƺƸƴƴƸ~ǜNJǖǘǗǒ
njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǑǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǒǖǏǏǜnjcǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǒǡǏǜnjǏǚ ǏǜǏǍǘnjcNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǏ ǘǜǙǘǕNJǎǘǙǘǜǘǕǔNJ ǟǚNJǗǒǕǒǣǏ ǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǥǏǗǘǝǐǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏǒcnjǛǏǘǗǒǘǜǟǘǎǩǜǗNJ ǛǙǕǘǢǗǩǔǘǖǙǘǔǚǥnjNJǕǒǞNJǛNJǎǙǏǚǏǕǒnjNJǩǛǦǍǚNJǎǒǏǗ
ǜǘǏǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǏnƹǘǧǜNJǙǗǘǏǘǛnjǘǏǗǒǏǎǘǖNJǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜ ƷǏǡǜǘǙǘǟǘǐǏǏǘǗǙǚǘǎǏǕNJǕnjcnjǒǗǗǘǖǖNJǍNJǑǒǗǏ+VERH njǜǘǚǘǓǙǕNJǗǙǘǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǨǛc[S[ǞNJǛNJǎǘǖ ƿǘǑǩǏnjNJ ǜǘǖNJcǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǎǘǖNJNjǥǕNJǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏnjǥǡǝǚǗNJǩǛǘ
ǛǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǜǦǛǚǏǎǛǜnjNJǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǙǏǒcǗǏǑNJǗǒǖNJǜǦǛǩ 'VYǗǘǜNJǖǜNJǔǒǏǐǏNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǥǏǙǘǕǔǒǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǜ ǔNJǔnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǗǏǑǗNJǕǒǜǘǡǗǘǡǏǍǘǟǘǜǩǜǗǘǚǏǢǒǕǒǡǜǘ ǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗNJǩǒǑǧǕǕǒǙǛǘnjƷǘNJǕǕǨǑǒǩǗNJǧǙǘǟǝNjNJǚǘǔ
ǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǒǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏnjcNjǝǎǝǣǏǖ~ NjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔǝǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǛǔǘǚǏǏǛǒǛǜǏǖǝǟǚNJǗǏǗǒǩ-/)% ǏǛǕǒǝǐǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǖǜǘǙǝǛǜǦǧǜǘNjǝǎǏǜǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔNJǚ ǔǘnjcǗǘnjǘǖǙǚǘǏǔǜǏǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗNJnƱǏǚǔNJǕǘ
ƯǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǛǜǚǘǍǘǎǘǖǙǘǎǏǕǏǗnjcǙǕNJ ƲcǧǜǘǠǏǗǗǥǓǙǘǎNJǚǘǔǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǖǎǘǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǟǕNJǖ ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƲcǔǘǍǎNJǘǗǒǘNjǚNJǜǒǕǒǛǦǔcƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǜǘǜ ƶǘǗǍNJǓǜ~cǷǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗNJǩǒǗnjǏǚǛǒǩnƫǏǚǏǑǘnjǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJ~
ǗǏǛǕǏnjNJcǷǟǘǑNjǕǘǔnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏcǷǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǑǘǗNJ ǗǏǗNJnjǒǎǩǜǗǘǔNJǔǐǏNjǏǑǗǏǍǘ ǡǏǛǜǗǘǙǚǒǑǗNJǕǛǩn;S[cǷǧǜǘǔǘǖǗǏ~ njcƭNJǜǡǒǗǏǍǎǏǢǜNJNjǏǕǩǗǏǘǔǘǚǏǗǗǘǓNjǏǚǏǑǥǛǔǚǥnjNJǨǜ

194 
ɯ ! B  

<#
- Z[OOO<

ɰ ! 
 ! 
-
#
% <   - ?>@M
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǑǏǚǔNJǕǦǗǥǓǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚƷǘǏǛǕǒ<:---cnjǏǔǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǚǘ ƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƶǝǚNJǜǘnjcǷǛnjǩǑNJǗǗǝǨ
ǛǔǘǢǦǨǑǏǚǔNJǕǘNJcǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷǚNJǛǟǘǎǗǥǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖ njcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖNJǛcǜǩ
njǏǔ<<-ǎnjǒǐǏǜǛǩǔcǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǗǒǙǘǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩǖǏǛǜNJǖǒ ǍǘǓǔcnjǥǛǢǏǓǒcǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǓǙǚǒǚǘ
ƲcǜǝǜƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǔNJǔnjǛǏǍǎNJǡǝǜǔǘǕǘnjǒǜnjǘǕǗǝnƪǚ ǎǏǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǔǚǥǜNJǑNJǙǘǔǚǘnjǘǖ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǛǏǍǘǎǗǩcǷǧǜǘǛǏǚǞǒǗǍǒǛǜcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǘǗcǷ ǩnjǒƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǕǒǢNJǏǜǚǝǎǒǖǏǗ
ƼǥǗǏǖǘǐǏǢǦǎnjǒǍNJǜǦǛǩNjǏǑnjǘǕǗǥƪcǘǗNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜ ǜǘnjǖǏǜNJǞǒǑǒǔǒǜǚNJǔǜǝǩǏǏNjǝǔ
ǗNJǙǒǔǏǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǓ~ƹǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǏnƫǏǚǏǑǘnjǘǍǘ njNJǕǦǗǘcǷnjǙǘǕǗǏnjcǎǝǟǏǗNJǢǏǍǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǘǎ
ǎǘǖǒǔNJ~NjǥǕǘǗǏnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǚǝNjǒǣǏNJcnjǗǝ ǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǒcǚNJǛǔǘǕǎǘnjǥnjNJǏǜǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǒcǙǘǧǜǒǑǒǚǝǏǜ
ǜǚǒcǷǐǏǖǡǝǍNJǛcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǓǑNJǒǍǚǥnjNJǕǒnjǛǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏ ǏǎnjNJǕǒǗǏǕǨNjǘǓǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜ~
ǠNJǚǒǒcǠNJǚǒǠǥƹǚǘNjǕǏǖNJNjǥǕNJnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǝǖǒǕǩǕNJǛǦ LJǜǘǜǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǙǚǒǏǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǗǏǔǘǓ
ƶNJǚǒǩƾǏǎǘǚǘnjǗNJnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǏNJcǞǚNJǗǠǝǑ ǕǘnjǔǘǛǜǦǨǎNJǐǏǝǢǕǘǛǜǦǨǗǏǛǘǘǛǗǘǓǜNJǔǛǔNJǑNJǜǦ
ǛǔǘǓǙǚǘǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǙǘǛǕǝǐǒǕNJnǙǏǓǑNJǗǛǔNJǩ~ǎǏǚǏnjǝǢ ǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǨnjǏǕǒǔǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƷǘƫǏǚǗNJ
ǔNJnjcǚǏǑǒǎǏǗǠǒǒǙǚǒǗǠNJƴǘǗǎǏƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǒcǛǖǘǜǚǒǜǛǩ ǛǔǘǗǒǔNJǔǗǒǔǜǘǘǛǜǚǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǝǏǜǏǏǖǏǗǩǨǣǒǓǛǩǛǜNJ
ǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǎǒǔǘnjNJǜǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǙǕǘǜǗǒǔǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǛǜNJǕ ǜǝǛǏǏǙǘǍǚǝǐǏǗǒǏnjcǛǏǜǏnjǥǏǙǘǜǘǔǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏ
NjǥǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǗǏǘǔǘǚǏǗǗǥǏǛǜnjǘǕǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǏǎǝǜ njcǒǗǞǘǚǖNJǠǒǘǗǗǝǨǘNjǘǕǘǡǔǝnjcǒǗǜǏǚǞǏǓǛƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗ
ǔcNjǥǛǜǚǘǖǝǍǗǒǏǗǒǨǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜ ǚǒǛǝǏǜǕǏǙǒǜ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǒǑǘ
ƷǘƪǗǗNJƶǘǗǍNJǓǜǟǘǑǩǓǔNJǎǘǖNJcǷǗǏ NjǚǏǜNJǏǜǛǘǡǒǗǩǏǜǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǏǜǏǍǘǎNJnjǗǘǗǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǝǏǜ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǡǦǔǘǚǘǕǏnjǥ ǎǒǚǏǔǜǘǚNJƹǝǢǔǒǗǛǔǘǍǘǖǝǑǏǩ Ǘǘ ǞǘǚǖNJǗǘnjǘǕǗǝǏǜǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǠǒǩƴNJǐǎǥǓǏǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜ
ǒcǛNJǖNJǙǚǒǗǠǏǛǛNJcǷǑnjǏǑǎNJǜǏǕǏǔNJǗNJǕNJnƮǘǐǎǦ~ƲcǧǜǘǗǏ ǒǖǏǏǜǔNJǔǝǨǗǒNjǝǎǦǛǒǕǦǗǝǨ ǒcǗǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǕNJǛǜǒ
ǘǗNJǕǨNjǝǏǜǛǩǗNJǛǏNjǩǔNJǔǐǏǗNJƹNJnjǕNJ-NJcǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǜǗNJǩ ǡǏǛǔǝǨ ǒǎǏǨNjǝǎǦǜǘǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǖNJǜǚǏǢǔNJnƭǒǙǏǚǔǝNj~
ƺǘǛǛǒǩǛǖǘǜǚǒǜǗNJǗǏǏǔNJǔnjcǑǏǚǔNJǕǘƲcǏǛǕǒnjcƭNJǜǡǒǗǏ njcnƻǔǘǕǔǘnjǘ~ǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǛǜNJnjǢǒǓǧǔǚNJǗǘǖǖǗǘǍǘǞǝǗǔǠǒ
ǜǘNjǥǕǕǒǢǦNJǜǜǚNJǔǠǒǘǗǑNJNjNJnjNJXVSQTIPǹSIMPǜǘǑǎǏǛǦ ǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩNJǚǔNJnjcƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǠǏǒǕǒnƯǕǦǠǒǗǠǏǗǜǚ~
ǧǜǘǜǜǚǨǔnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǎǘǖǝǜǝǛNJǖǝǨǘǑNJNjǘǡǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǔǘ njcƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNjǝǚǍǏƼNJǔǒcǜǝǜǘǎǗNJǙǚǘǛǜNJǩǒǎǏǩcǷǒcǖǘǣ
ǜǘǚNJǩNjǥǕNJǔǘǍǎNJǜǘnjcǚǏǑǦNjǏLJǜǘǜǘǐǏǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǘNjǏ ǗǏǓǢǒǓǧǞǞǏǔǜƹǒǔNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǑNJǍǕǝ
ǚǏǍcǷǗǘǗǏǙǚǘǜǒnjǜǏǖǗǥǟǗǏnjǏǎǘǖǥǟǛǒǕNJcǔNJǔǒǑnjǒ NjǕǏǗǗNJǩǗǒǢNJnjǟǘǎNJ ǘǗNJǐǏǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ cǷǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǗNJǩ
ǗǏǗǒǏǙǏǚǏǎǙǚǒǚǘǎǘǓnjcǔǘǜǘǚǝǨnjǜǘǚǍNJǏǢǦǛǩƸǜǡNJǛǜǒ ǛnjǘǏǓǐǒnjǘǓǚǥǐǒǗǘǓǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǝNjǕǏǛǔǝǎǘǖNJ
ǗNJǒnjǗǘǏǗǘnjǏǎǦǖǥǗǏǑǗNJǏǖǡǏǍǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǘǗNJǘǜ ƹǚNJnjǎNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǛcǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǠǒǏǓnjǥ
ǗNJǛǐǎǏǜ ǘǗNJǐǏǛǞǒǗǔǛ ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝƴNJǓǎNJǗǘnjǛǔǒǓNjǚǘǛNJ ǢǕNJǗNJǔǕNJǎǔNJƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǗǏǛǔNJǑNJǕǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǖǡǜǘ
ǏǜƱǘǗǏǍNJǓǔǒǗNJnjǏǚǏnjǘǡǔNJǟNJcƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǚNJǑnjǏǢǒnjNJǏǜ ǙǕǏǗǔǝǛcǑǏǚǔNJǕǗNJǎǘǛǗǩǜǦNJcǒǗNJǡǏǘǗNJǘNjǕǏǑǏǜ ǡǜǘ
ǑǏǚǔNJǕNJnƲǎǏǨǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǩǙǚǒǚǘǎǥ ǖǒǖǏǑǒǛ cǷǙǒǢǏǜ ǒcǛǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦ 

196 
48.
O 
 ɭ ’V- 
B  
<UE N
- ?>>=




 
 + ,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 

 
  
. .
   
  & 
 
        
     ) 
  ((- !" #
(

   

ɭ
njcǎǘǕǍǘǛǚǘǡǗǘǓǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǏǎNJǜǛǔǒǓnƪǔǜǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ~
ǘNjǘǢǏǕǛǩnjccǜǥǛǩǡǏnjǚǘǒcǎǘǕǐǏǗnnjǥǓǜǒnjcǗǘǕǦ~
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǡǏǚǏǑǕǏǜƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǛcǧǜǒǖnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǕǘ
ǟǘǜǝǜǗǏǜǘǡǜǘǗNJǗNJcǍǘǎNJǛǜǚNJǢǗǘǑNJǍNJǎǥnjNJǜǦ
ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖnjǛǏǧǜǘǗǏǝǖNJǕǩǏǜǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJ
46ǧǞǞǏǔǜnjcǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǩǟǗǏǖǏǗǏǏnjNJǐǏǗǙǏǚnjǥǓNJǓ
ǞǘǗǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǑNJǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǎǘǚǘǍ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǎǘǖǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǣǒ
ǔǝǛǜǘǒǕǖǗǘǍǘǎǏǢǏnjǕǏǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǙNJǚǜǗǏǚǥǙǚǘǏǔǜNJ
ǡǜǘǜǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǒǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǛǔǒǎǔNJǖǒNJcǡǜǘǜǘǒcnjǘ
njǛǏNjǏǛǙǕNJǜǗǘ ǙǚǏǛǕǏǎǝǩǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǒcǛnjǘǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏ
ǛNJǗǜ~cǷǎNJǜǛǔNJǩǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǩ:IPY\ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǘ 46ǑNJǎNJǡǒ ƲǑnjǛǏǟǧǜǒǟǎNJǚǘnjǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǛǙǘǚǥnjǥǑnjNJ
ǎnjǒǍNJǕNJǗNJǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǒǓǚǥǗǘǔǖNJǗǛNJǚǎǗǥǏǘǔǗNJ ǕǒǖNJǗǛNJǚǎǗǥǏǘǔǗNJcǷNJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǒǟǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘƹǘ
ƸǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǕǦǑǩǕǝǡǢǏǙǘǎǟǘǎǒǕǒǎǕǩnNJǔǜǒnjǗǘǍǘ ǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǔǗNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛnjǏǜǗǘǒcǟǕǘǙǘǜǛcǗǒǖǒǜǦǖNJ
ǎǘǖNJ~ǘǔǗNJnjcǔǚǥǢǏcǷǧǜǘǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǝnjǏǕǒ ƹǚǒǡǏǖǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcNJǛǙǏǔǜǏǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒǡǏǖ
ǡǏǗǒǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǩNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǧǔǘ NjǘǕǦǢǏǘǔǘǗǜǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǜǏǙǕǘǙǘǜǏǚǒƲcǡǜǘNjǥǜǝǜǗǏ
ǗǘǖǒǩǧǗǏǚǍǒǒǒcǑǎǘǚǘnjǥǓǖǒǔǚǘǔǕǒǖNJǜǔǚǘǖǏ ǝNjǥǕǘǗNJǎǘǡǜǘNjǥǍǎǏǜǘǙǚǒNjǥǕǘǎǕǩǔǘǖǙǏǗǛNJǠǒǒ
ǜǘǍǘǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǧǜǝǘǔǘǗǗǝǨǛǒǛǜǏǖǝ ǜǏǙǕǘǙǘǜǏǚǦǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǩnjcǛǜǏǗǥǙǘǕǘǐǒǕǒǚǏǔǘǚǎǗǘǏ
ǒǗǜǏǍǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǥ ǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏ ǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǘǚǥc Ƿ Ǘǘ ǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘcǷcǛǖ ǘNjǥǡǗǘǶ ƬǘǘNjǣǏnjǘǙǚǘǛ
njǘǏǛǕǘnjǘnjcǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒ:IPY\ǑNJǒǗ ǘcnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǍǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩnjcǗNJǢǏǖǔǕǒǖNJǜǏ
ǜǏǚǏǛǘnjNJǕNJǛnjǘǏǓǒǎǏǏǓǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǨnƱNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓ ǎNJnjǗǘǝǐǏǛǜNJǕǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǍNJǖǕǏǜǘnjǛǔǒǖ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜ~cǷnǎǘǡǔǝ~ǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǒ6(-njǜǘǚǘǍǘǗNJǜǘǜ ǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǘǕǦǛǖǒǚǩǜǦǛǩǙǘǎǝǎNJǚNJǖǒǛǝǎǦNjǥ Ǚǚǒǚǘǎǥ
ǖǘǖǏǗǜnǕǏǗǎǕǘǚǎNJ~ƹǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǦǩ6(-ǛǔǝǙNJǕNJ ǔǕǒǖNJǜNJǖǘǚǘǑNJǛǗǏǍNJ ǒǕǦǗNJǎǘǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǘǙǚǘǜǒnjǕǏ
ǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǒcǛǜǚǘǒǕNJǗNJ ǗǦǏ#ƬcǔǚNJǜǔǒǏǖǒǗǝǜǥǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǒǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǗNJǎǘ
ǗǒǟǗǏǎnjǒǐǒǖǘǛǜǦǗǘnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǖǗǘǍǒǟǠǏ ǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǔNJǔNJǩǗǒNjǝǎǦǚǘǔǒǚǘnjǘǡ
ǗǒǕNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƬcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏnƱNJǙNJǎ ǔNJǒcǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǡǝǎǒǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǕǝǡǢǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥ
ǗNJǩǎǘǕǒǗNJ~ƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǝǐǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǛnjǘǒǟ njcǗNJǢǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǗǏǜǒcNjǥǜǦǗǏǖǘǐǏǜ
nƫǏǕǔǝ~ǒcnƻǜǚǏǕǔǝ~ǒcǑǎǏǛǦǐǏnjccǍǘǎǝǛǜNJǕǒ ƲǟǘǜǩNJnjǜǘǚNJǖǑNJǡǏǖǜǘǖǗǒǜǛǩǡǜǘ
ǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǙǏǚnjǥǓnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏnNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ~ nƪǔǜǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ~ǜǘǐǏǗNJǗǏǏǙǘǟǘǐ nƹǘǎǘNjǗǘǛǜNJǚǘǓ
ƹǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǏǍǘǘǡǏǗǦNjǥǛǜǚǘcǷǑNJǎǏ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǏcǷǍǘnjǘǚǩǜǘǗǒcǷǑǎNJǗǒǏǒǖǏǏǜǠǏǕǦǗǥǓ
njǩǜǦǖǏǛǩǠǏnjǜǘǚǘǙǩǛǦǔcnjǒǑǒǜǝnjcƺǘǛǛǒǨǎNJǜǛǔǘ ǘNjǤǏǖǒcǗNJNjǘǚnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǔǚǥǕǦǠǘNjNJǕ
ƬǏǔNJǖǒǚǝǛǛǔNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǎǝǖNJǕNJǙǚǘǞNJǛNJǎǥnjcǖǒ ǗNJǖǏǔNJǩǗNJǜǏǔǚNJǩǘǜǔǝǎNJnjcƺǘǛǛǒǨǘNjǥǡǗǘǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜ ǍǘǔǚǘǗǙǚǒǗǠNJƻǙǏǢǔNJǘNjǥǡǗǘǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǜǔcǎǚǩǗǗǘǖǝ ǔǘǗǖǏǑǘǗǒǗǙǏǡǗNJǩǜǚǝNjNJ~ ǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǦǢǏǘǗǗNJǙǘǖǒ
ǗǝǜǥǙǚǘǛnjǏǜǕǏǗǒǩnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕNJǙǚǘǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒǗǘǒǗ ǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǩƷNJǧǜǘǜǚNJǑǘǗNJǙǚǒǢǕNJǗǏǒǑƭǘǕǕNJǗ ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǝǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǝǎNJǚǒǜǦnjcǍǚǩǑǦǕǒǠǘǖNjǥǕǘǗǏǕǦ ǗNJǏǜǛnjǘǓǙǚǘǘNjǚNJǑǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓnjcƸǚǟǝǛǏ  ǎNJǜ
ǐǏǗǏǚǒǨnjǛǏǍǎNJnjǥǛǘǔǘǖǏǚǗǘǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǕNJǒǗǐǏǗǏǚNJǖ ǎǒǒNJcǒǑƮNJǗǒǒǗǘǜǘǐǏNjǥǕNJǛnjǩǑNJǗNJǛcǒǖǏǗǏǖǖǘǕǘ ǑǩǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒǕNJǕǒǢǦǎǘǚǘǍǘnjǒǑǗǝǙǚǘǏǔ ǛǔǒǖNjǨǚǘƪƪ6ƼƼNJǐǏNJǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǜǏǐǏ
ƶNJǔǛǒǖNJƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏnƮǘǖcǷǖNJǢǒǗNJǎǕǩǐǒǕǦǩ~ǚNJǛǛǖNJ ǎǘǍǘnǚǏǞǘǚǖNJǜǘǚNJ~ƬǏǛǗǘǓcǍǘǎNJƮǖǒǜǚǒǓƶǏǎ ǜNJǛǏNjǏǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǦǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǙǘǚǩǎǔNJcǖǕǗǚǝNjǕǏǓ njcǗǏǓǘǔǗNJǜǘǐǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǛnjǏǛǘnjcǷǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǜNJǖ
ǜǚǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǑǎǏǛǦǕǒǢǦǔNJǔǖǏǜNJǞǘǚNJLJǜǘǐǏcǷǙǏǚnjǥǓ njǏǎǏnjǙǘǛǏǜǒǕƮNJǗǒǨǘǑǗNJǔǘǖǒǕǛǩǛcǙǏǚnjǥǖnjcǖǒǚǏ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǘǔǘǕǘcǜǥǛǩǡǎǘǕǕNJǚǘnjǑNJǖǏǜǚƬǙǚǘǡǏǖ NjNJǕǔǘǗNJǗǏNjǥǕǘƷǒǡǏǍǘǎǝǚǗǘǍǘnjcǧǜǘǓǛǟǘǐǏǛǜǒǗǏǜ
ǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝnjǥǛǘǔǘǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǥǓǎǘǖǍǎǏnjǘǙǚǘǛ nNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖ~njǘǛǟǒǜǒǕǛǩǜNJǔǒǖǔǚǝǙǗǥǖnǍNJǎ ǛǨǎNJnjǟǘǎǒǕǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǘnjǏǓǢǏǏǘNjǘǚǝǎǘnjNJǗǒǏǗǘ njcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǘǗǗǥǏǙǏǚǒǘǎǥƺǘǛǛǒǩnjǛǏǍǎNJǝǛǜǚǏǖ
ǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǩǧǗǏǚǍǒǒǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕnjǛǏ ǐǏǜǘǖ~ǒcǎNJǕǎǘNjǚǘ ǜNJǔǐǏǖǏNjǏǕǦǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǗǥǓǎǒǑNJǓǗǙǘǎǛnjǏǜǔNJǒcǜcǎ ǕǩǕNJǛǦǑNJƱNJǙNJǎǘǖǒcǟǚǝǣǏnjǛǔNJǩǘǜǜǏǙǏǕǦǘǛǜNJnjǒ
njǔǕǨǡNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƵǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘǒcnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǘǗǛǘnjǏǚ ƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǔNJǔǝcnjǛǩǔǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǖǘ ƹǘǗǩǜǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǡǜǘǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǥǏǑǎNJǗǒǩnjǛǏǍ ǕNJǗNJǖǖǗǘǍǘnǛǜǏǔǕǩǢǏǔ~ǙǘǟǘǐǒǟǗNJƶǒǛNJnjNJǗǎǏǚ
ǢǏǗǗǘǗǏǙǘǚǝǛǛǔǒNJcǛǔǘǚǏǏǙǘǛǏnjǏǚǘǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒ ǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǒǝcǧǜǘǓǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǑNJǍǚNJǗǒǡǗǥǓnǒǗǜǏǚǏ ǎNJǎǘǚǘǐǏǡǏǖǘNjǥǡǗǥǏǒcǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǩǑǎǏǛǦǒǖǏǗǗǘ ƺǘǧǒcnǔǘǚǘNjǘǔ~ǙǘǟǘǐǒǟǗNJƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏƲcǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥ

198 
ɮ

 
 
JV"R‡ˆ NU' JJ ;XU*JV ;U")W) R XUˆŠ
Jˆ JURV*JV N" "Uw'UxRUV‰ RV*X*^]Š
~'W ^"N*V‰ <;URWV‰ R ;XJVJ* _VU
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

N]V U"X*'*RR‡* V*.RU)U# ^"N*V‰ JJ UR "‡#)WNWV


<T^RJ`URX^]V- N)W '*RW JJ X.V*JVUX SVU !‡) "xŠ
R‡ˆ U;‡V VJ JJ w RRU"`W' .UV*)U‰ R* ;UV*XWV‰
X.V*JV^X‡ RˆV ;X")‰R‡ˆ ;XUVXRV"*RR‡ˆ <'V*Š
X)‰R‡ˆ Ww‡J "‡Xx*RW U!Xw xwR U"X*'*RRU#U _*Š
ɯ )U"*J JUVUXU'^ NU' ;Xw"R ;U'U#V‰ ;X")WV‰W JJ
<;URWVR‡' Tw_*J' ;UVX*!RUVW' VJ <RU"‡'
"‡wU"'-

ǛcǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖǜNJǖNjǥǕǒǜǏǐǏǛNJǖǥǏcǷǗǘǔNJǔǐǏǟǘǜǏ ǐǏcǷǧǜǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓǝǚǘnjǏǗǦƸǗǍǚǝNjǘǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǏǗǏ
ǕǘǛǦǛnjǏǜNJƮǘǛNJǎǗǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǡǜǘnjǛǏǝǡNJǛǜǗǒǔǒǔǘǗǔǝǚ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǜǗǘǏǣǏǒcǑNJǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǏǜƺNJǗǦǢǏǎǕǩ
ǛNJǗNJǗǘnjǥǓnNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ~  ǙǘǢǕǒǙǚǘǜǘǚǏǗǗǘǓ ǧǜǘǍǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕǒǛǦǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏNjNJǜNJǚǏǒǗǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖ
ǜǚǘǙǘǓǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǘnjǜǘǚǒǕǒǙǚǘǘNjǚNJǑƻcǎǚǝǍǘǓ ǔǕǒǖNJǜǏǘǗǒnjǛǏǐǏǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǥ ǟǘǜǩ
ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǍǕǝǙǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǘǎǏnjNJǜǦNJǓǞǘǗnjcǔNJǔǒǏǜǘǑǒ ǑǎǏǛǦǘǗǒǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦǗǘnjǛǏǍǘǡǏǜǥǚǏ ƵǒǢǏǗǥǐǏǒǟ
ǙǝǗǥǔǘǕǒǎǒǑNJǓǗǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǏǜǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǩ ǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǔǘnjǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǘǚǥcǷnjǘǜǘǗǒǜǘǒcǙǘ
ƪcǧǜNJǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗNJǩǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǘNjǜǏǔNJǏǖǘǛǜǦ ǔǚǥǕǒǎǘ ǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǒǎǘǖNJnjcǍǘǚǩǡǏǓnjǘǎǏǒc cǷ
ǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǙǕNJnjǗǘǏǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǗǒǏǔǚǥǢǒnjcǛǜǏ njcǘǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǒƹǚNJnjǎNJǑǒǖǘǓǘNjǒǕǦǗǥǓǛǗǏǐǗǥǓǙǘǔǚǘnj
Ǘǥ ǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗNJǜǏǖǡǜǘǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǥǓ ǗǏǎNJǕǒǖǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦǗNJǙǘǕǗǝǨǖǘǣǗǘǛǜǦǗǘǝǐǏnjcǖNJǚ ɰ

ǎǘǖcǷǧǜǘnǎǘǖǜǏǚǖǘǛ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǟǘǚǘǢǘ ǜǏǛǘǕǗǏǡǗNJǩǧǗǏǚǍǒǩǎNJnjNJǕNJǔƬǜǒǑǑNJǜǚNJǡǏǗ
ǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǗǘǒcǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǍǏǚǖǏǜǒǡǏǗ Ǘǥǟ NJcnjcNJǙǚǏǕǏǧǗǏǚǍǒǒNjǥǕǘǙǘǕǝǡǏǗǘǎNJǐǏNjǘǕǦǢǏ
ƷǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨǍǕNJǑǝǍǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǛǜǏǗ ǔƬǜǙǚǘǜǒnj ƸǛǜNJnjǢǝǨǛǩǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǦnjcǍǘǚǩ
ǒcǔǚǘnjǕǒǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜǛǙǕǘǢǗNJǩǘNjǢǒnjǔNJǜǏǚǖǘǎǏǚǏ ǡǏǓnjǘǎǏǙǘǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǜǏǙǕǘnjǘǓǗNJǛǘǛǑNJǏǍǘǐǏǛǡǏǜǎǘǖ
njǘǖLJǜǘǙǘǛǝǜǒnjǏǗǜǞNJǛNJǎ njǘǑǎǝǢǗǥǓǑNJǑǘǚǙǘǑnjǘǕǩ ǘǜNJǙǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǑǒǖǘǓƹǘǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǨǛcǜǏǙǕǘnjǥǖǔǘǜǕǘǖ
ǏǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǙǚǘnjǏǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǛǩ ǗǘǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǓǒǑǔǏǎǚNJ ǗNJǛǘǛǎNJǕǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǨǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǧǗǏǚǍǒǒnjc 
ǒcǩǛǏǗǩƼǏǚǖǘǘNjǚNJNjǘǜǔNJǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǝǎǏǚǏnjNJǘǗǘ ǁǜǘNjǥǛǜNJǜǦnNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖ~nǙNJǛ
ǙǏǚǏǛǜNJǏǜnjǙǒǜǥnjNJǜǦnjǕNJǍǝǒcǎǏǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǩ nƸǛǜNJ ǛǒnjǗǘǖǝ~ǜǚǏNjǝǏǜǛǩNjǥǜǦǜNJǔǐǏnǝǖǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖ~ƹǘǧǜǘ
ǏǜǛǩǕǒǘǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǜǏǖǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǖǥǕǨNjǒǖ ǖǝnjǛǏǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǗǥǏǛǒǛǜǏǖǥǒǗǜǏǍǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǥnjcǏǎǒǗǝǨ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǐǒnjǘǏǒcǎǥǢǒǜ#~cǷnjǜǘǚǘǓǍNJǖǕǏǜǘnjǛǔǒǓnjǘ NJnjǜǘǖNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǝǨǛǒǛǜǏǖǝǝǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩƮNJǜǡǒǔǒ
ǙǚǘǛǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƱNJǜǏǖ ǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǗǥǏǔNJǔnjǗǝǜǚǒǜNJǔǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǒǑǖǏǚǩǨǜ
ǜǏǚǖǘǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǘǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǖNJǛǕǘǖǒcǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘNjǕǏǛǜǒǜ ǜǏǖǙǏǚNJǜǝǚǝǛǒǕǝnjǏǜǚNJǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǝǚǘnjǏǗǦǝǍǕǏ
ǗǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǏǖǛǏǚǏǏǜǔNJǔǎǏǚǏnjǝǒcǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩ ǛǚǏǎǒ ǔǒǛǕǘǍǘǍNJǑNJǒcnjǕNJǐǗǘǛǜǦƷNJǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǒǧǜǒǟǎNJǗǗǥǟ
ǛnjǘǒǟǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǟǛǘǛǏǎǏǓǙǘǛǏǚǏnjǢǒǓnƪǔǜǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ~ njcǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǟǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǒǕǒǑNJǜǏǖǗǩǨǜǛǩǘǔǗNJƶNJǔ
njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǔNJǔǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǔNJǔǒǖ ǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓnjǏǗǜǒǕǩǠǒǒ
ǝnjǥǒcǘǛǜNJǕǛǩ ƷǘǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǏǝǡNJǛǜǔǒNjǘǚǦNjǥǑNJǧǗǏǚ ǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǗǥǓǖǒǔǚǘǔǕǒǖNJǜnjcǜǏ ɮ   _

- ;  ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǔǚǥǢǒǙǘǙǕǘǣNJǎǒNjǘǕǦǢǏǛǏnjǏǚǗǘǓƵǏ ƪ njǘǜ ǛǜǚNJǗNJ njǥǑǎǘǚǘnjǏǜǦ ǗǏ ǝǛǙǏ
ǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǗǏnjǒǎǗǥcǷǜNJǔǎǕǩǎǘǖNJ ǙǕǘǏnjǚǏǖǩNJcǜNJǔǐǏǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǜǦǗNJǖǏǟNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǓnjǏǗ 
  - ?>@? ǜǘǖǖǘǐǗǘǘǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǖNJǚǔǒǑǏǜǥ ǛcnjǗǏǢǗǏǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ ǕNJ ǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǩ ǛǟǕǘǙǗǝǕNJǛǦ Ǚǘ ǒǜǘǍNJǖ ǔǘǗǔǝǚ
NjǥǕǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǗǒǑǒǕ ǜǒǕǩǠǒǒ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjcnǙNJǛǛǒnjǗǘǖ~ǖǘǕǘǜǒǜnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǩ  ɯ V   - ǒcǐNJǕǨǑǒ ǛcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǓ ǒcǜǏǒcǎǚǝǍǒǏǝǙǚNJnjǕǩǨǜǛǩ ǛNJǗNJǗǘnjǥǓnNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓNjǥǕǙǚǘnjǏǎǏǗ
njǕǒǩǗǒǏnǖǘǛǜǒǔǘnjǟǘǕǘǎNJ~ǒcnǙǏǚǏnjNJǚǒǕ~ǙǘnjǥǢǏǗ ƪcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǏǍǘǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǏǜnǝǖǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝ~cǷ ;  
  - ǛcǔǘǖNJǗǎǗǥǟǙǝǗǔǜǘnjǗNJǛǜǏǗNJǟƬcǒǜǘǍǏǔǘǧǞǞǒǠǒǏǗǜ njcǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǟǗNJǓǜǒNjǘǕǏǏǎǏǢǏnjǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩ ǎǘNjǒǜǦǛǩ
ǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǜǏǙǕǘǒǑǘǕǩǠǒǒƬcǜNJǔǘǓǜǘǕǛǜǘǓǛǜǏǗǏǘǔǗNJ ǜNJǔǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnǝǖǗǘǓǛǜǚNJǗǥ~nNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǓ~ǖǘǍNjǥ 2012 ǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǑǎǏǛǦnjcǎǏǛǩǜǦǚNJǑnjǥǢǏ ǛǏNjǏǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǒǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǏǜǥǛǩǡǚǝNjǕǏǓǑNJǖǏǜǚ 
ǛǕǏǍǔNJnǝǜǘǗǝǕǒ~ǗǘǧǜǘǕǒǢǦǙǚǒǎNJǕǘǍǕǝNjǒǗǥǞNJǛNJǎNJǖ njǥǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǜǦǧǗǏǚǍǒǒǏǣǏNjǘǕǦǢǏǏǛǕǒNjǥǏǨǖǘǐ ɰ   "
  
ǗǘǚǖǥƪcnNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǛnjǏǜNJnjNJǐǗǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǗǒǡǏǍǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǘǗǏNjǥǕǘƻcǡNJǛǜǒǡǗǥǖǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJ
NJcǛcǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǨǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǗǏǜ ƷǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǑNJ ǗǘNjǥǕǘǎǏǕǒǜǦǛǩcǷǛNjǚNJǛǥnjNJǜǦnjcǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǝǨǛǏǜǦ " 

 N 
- ǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩǙǘǛǜǝǙǕǏǗǒǩǧǗǏǚǍǒǒcǷǔǘǖǖǏǗǜǒǚǘ ǗǒǏǖnjǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǟǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǥǎǘǖnjcǙǘ
ǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦNjǘǚǘǕǒǛǦǒcǛǝǍǝNjǘǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǗǥǏ ǒcǙǘǕǝǡNJǜǦǑNJǧǜǘǎǏǗǦǍǒ  U  - ?>@A njNJǕƸǕǏǍƹNJǗǒǜǔǘnjǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǑNJǔǘǙǏǚǣǒǔǒcǎnjǒǍNJǜǏǕǦ ǛǏǕǔǏnLJǔǘǎǘǕǦǏ~ǙǘǎƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNjǝǚǍǘǖǎǘǖnƼǏǟǗǘ
ǎǏnjNJǓǛǥcǷǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǚǏǔǝǙǏǚNJǜǘǚǑǒǖǘǓǘǜNjǒǚNJǨǣǒǓ ƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏnjǏǗǜǒǕǩǠǒǩǒcǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏ njǛǏǓǧǜǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒcǷǗǘǒcǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǏǗǒǩ ǗǒǔǘǕǦ~njc3TIR:MPPEKIǗǘǛcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǜNJǖǖǩǍǔǘ
ǜǏǙǕǘǝcnjǥǟǘǎǩǣǏǍǘǒǑǎǘǖNJnjǘǑǎǝǟNJƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏnjǛǏǟ ǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǨǜǑǎǘǚǘnjǥǓǖǒǔǚǘǔǕǒǖNJǜcǷǧǜǘǏǣǏǘǎǒǗ ǑǎǘǚǘnjǦǩǒcǚNJNjǘǜǘǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǘǛǜǒƲǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǩǎǘǔNJǑNJ ǛǔNJǐǏǖǗǏǛǕǘǐǒǕǘǛǦƪcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǙǘǙNJǕǗNJǛNJǚǔNJǛǜǒ
ǧǜǒǟǖǏǚǎǘǖǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǩǏǜǧǗǏǚǍǒǒǗNJǘǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǏnjǘǖǗǘ njNJǐǗǥǓǙǚǒǗǠǒǙnNJǔǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~ƹǘǖǒǖǘnjǏǕǨǔǛǘnj ǕǒǡǜǘǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏǙǘǕǘǐǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǕǒǩǏǜ ǡǏǛǔǝǨǔNJǚǜǒǗǝƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƬǒǗǘǍǚNJǎǘnjNJǒcƬǕNJǎǒǖǒ
ǍǘǚNJǑǖǏǗǦǢǏǡǏǖnjǏǕǩǜƻƷǒƹǥǔǒǕǘnjNJǜǜǡNJǛǘnjǗNJ ǛǔǒǟǘǔǘǗnjcǔǚǥǢǏǝǕNJnjǕǒnjNJǜǦǛnjǏǜǙǘǖǘǍNJǨǜǒcǜNJǔǒǏ ǗNJǚNJNjǘǜǝǧǗǎǘǔǚǒǗǗǘǓǛǒǛǜǏǖǥǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒ ǚNJƮǝNjǘǛNJǚǛǔǘǍǘnƸǗnjǏǚǗǝǕǛǩ~  ǒǖǏǗǗǘǘǔǘ
ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓǖǏǜǚnjcǍǘǎǙǚǘǜǒnj ǛǝǍǝNjǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǔNJǔǧǚǔǏǚƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗ njǥǚNJNjǘǜǔǝǛǏǚǘǜǘǗǒǗNJǒcǖǏǕNJǜǘǗǒǗNJ~ƲcǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦ ǕǘǗǏǍǘǙǚǒǑǏǖǕǩǏǜǛǩǘǕǒǖǙǒǓǛǔǒǓǖǒǢǔNJNjǥnjǢǒǓ
ƷǘǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǒǏǒcǍǏǚǖǏǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǦcǷǧǜǘ ǗǘǖNJǔǛǒǖǝǖǛǜǏǔǕNJcǷǛcǨǐǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǡǜǘNjǥǑǒǖǘǓ ǗǘnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǍǘnjǘǛǦǖǒǖǏǛǩǡǗǘǍǘ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ ǜNJǔǒǖ ǐǏ ǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖ ǗNJǎǏǐǎǥ ǗǒǡǏǖc Ƿ
ǎnjNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǟǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǏǕǩnǙNJǛǛǒnjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~nNJǔǜǒnjǗǥǓ~ ǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǘǏǜǏǙǕǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǐǏǒcǨǐǗNJǩ ǘNjǐǒnjNJǗǒǩǎǘǖNJǗǒǘǎǒǗǚǏNjǏǗǘǔ ǒǑǜǚǘǒǟ ǗǏǑNJNjǘǕǏǕ ǜǘǡǗǘǜNJǔǐǏcǷǗǏǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǏǗǗǘǓ

200 
49.
O0 ) .
XR‰a* )]N V") NU' )`U'
J<^)`* TNU' <w")RJUˆ



  ).  N*) <;UJw‡") *!W- *ˆ_
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  ) . 


 R VX* #X^wU"J ;USVU'^ '‡ UV"*XR^)‰
UV ^)`‡- '‡< R ;X#UXJ* NU' VUWV ;U ;*Š
     ) 4
X'*VX^ ^_VJ "UJX^# ;XUVUXRU#U #wUR-
  4 !" # "<SVU' ;XR`;F !U)‰aU* U!~*V"*RRU* ;XUŠ
( VXRV"U N)W #X <U!‡Vˆ JUVUXU* JxN‡ˆ

    'Ux*V "*#N ;UJR^V‰ <^*NRV‰W "<U!Š
V"*RRU' ^]VRU' NU'*-

ǝǑǔNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǗNJnjǏǚǟǗǨǨǒcǎNJǐǏǑNJNjǘǚǛǜNJnj
ǢǒǓǡNJǛǜǦǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǎǘǖNJƭǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǏǍǕǝǟǒǏ
ǘǔǗNJNjǏǑǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜǘnjǜǩǐǏǕǘnjNJǜǥǎǕǩǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǎǘ
ǖǒǔNJǗǘǜǘǐǏǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǨǜnƶNJǕǏnjǒǡNJ~ƮǏǕNJǕǒǒǟ
ǗNJǑNJǔNJǑǧǜǘǛǜǏǔǕǘǙNJǔǏǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǝǐǏǗNJǖǏǛǜǏ
njǛǜNJnjǒǕǒnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨǚNJǖǝNjǚǘǗǏǛǜǏǔǕǘǛcǘNjǏ
ǒǟǛǜǘǚǘǗNJcǘNjǣǒǓnjǏǛǗǒǐǗǏǍǘǘǔǗNJcǷNjǘǕǏǏ
cǔǍƻǗNJǚǝǐǒǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǚǘǕǦǛǜNJnjǗǒǛǖǘ
ǜǚǒǜǘǔǗǘǗNJǨǍƱNJǍǗNJǜǦnjcǎǘǖǜNJǔǒǏǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏ
ǘǔǗNJǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕƵƬƵNjǚǝǛǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǓ
ƸǜǎǏǕNJǗǐǏǎǘǖǢǙǝǗǜǘnjNJǗǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓ
ǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǛǘǛǗǘnjǘǓnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒ
ǠǥƶǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǖǝǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǝǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǛǘ
ǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǒcǙǘǔǚNJǛǔNJǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǑǘǕǘǜǒǛǜǘ
ǘǚNJǗǐǏnjNJǩnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷNjǏǕNJǩƬǎǘǕǦǘǔǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǍǘ
ɭ
ƹǚǒnjǛǏǖǛnjǘǏǖǜǩǍǘǜǏǗǒǒǔcǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǠNJǖ ǙǘǘǡǏǚǏǎǒƬcǘǎǒǗǎǘǖǟǘǎǩǜǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦ .  ^  N ǛǏǍǘǎǗǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟǘǡǏǗǦǕǘǔNJǕǦǗǥǟ ǧǜNJǐNJnjǥǜǩǗǝǕǛǩǘNjǏǎǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕǛcǜǥǕǦǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ
ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǗNJǡNJǕNJƿƿ-cnjǏǔNJǗǏǒǑNjǏǐǗǘ ǔǒǗǘNJcǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǏǎǚǝǍǘǍǘǕǏǜǘǖǑNJ N 
 N
 - N  ǛǘǎǚǝǐǏǛǜnjƲǖǏǗǗǘǎǚǝǐǏǛǔǘǏǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǘǘǙǚNJnjǎǥnjNJǏǜ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǔǝǟǗǩƶǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǎǝǟǛǔnjǘǑǒǜǒcǜǝǜ
njǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǜǘǘǜǔǚǘnjǕǒǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǗǏǕǦǑǩǘǜ njǜǚNJǔNJǨǜLJǜǘǎNJǐǏǗǏǜǏǚǚNJǛNJNJcǗNJ zfnkrsh‚psmem<@ ǒcǚǒǛǔ ǙǕǘǛǔǒǏǔǚǥǢǒǗǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǗNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǒcǘǜ njǖǏǛǜǘǔǝǟǘǗǗǥǟǢǔNJǞǡǒǔǘnjcǷǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǏǙǘǕǔǒNJcǝcNjǘ
<     _

- ?>>=
ǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩ ǛǗǏǍnjǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǜǘǘǜNjǚǏnjǏǗ ǖǗǘǍǘnjǘǔǚǝǍ ǜǘ ǛǜǘǩǣNJǩǙNJǕǝNjNJ cǔnjcǖ ǗǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗ ǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǑNJNjǘǚǘnjǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǏ ǔǘnjǘǓǛǜǏǗǥcǷǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǙǘǎǒǝǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǕǝǐǒǜǎǏ
ǘǜǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnj ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩ ƯǛǕǒǐǏǎǏǚǏ ǗNJǩǒcǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǩǜNJǩǗNJǖǏǜǚǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓ ǘǔǗNJ ǒcnjcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǒǜǘǍǏǏǍǘnǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǛǜǦ~ ǜǩǖǛǠǏǗǘǓƬǎǘǕǦǛǜǘǕNJcǷǕNJnjǔǒǛǘǑnjǏǚǒǗǥǖǒǖǘǚ
njǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǒcnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǗǏǙǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǍǕNJǎǔǘǒcǛǜǒǕǦǗǘ nLJǜǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǏcǷǑNJǖǏǡNJǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ ƽǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǛǜǦNjǕǒǑǔǒǓNJǗNJǕǘǍnjcǡǒ ǎNJǖǒǝcǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǛnjǘǩǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩƻnjNJǎǦNjNJ
ǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏnjǛǏǍǘǒǖǏǕnjǗǝǜǚǒǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛ ǒcǔǚǒǜǒǔƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚLjǑNjNJǢǏnjcǷǎNJǏǜ ǕǒǓǛǔǘǓnǗǘnjǘǓnjǘǕǗǏ~cǷ1IXEQSVTLSWMWnjcƪǕǦǍNJǚǚǘNjǘ ǟǘǑǩǏnjǎǘǖNJNjǥǕNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǛǔǘǖǛǜǒǕǏnƫǥǕǖǏǛǜǗǥǓ
ƺǏǎǔǒǏǛǕǝǡNJǒǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǏǎnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏ  ƯǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǜǘǐǏǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǛǙǒǚNJǕǒ ǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǛǜcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜLjǚǒǓƼǚǘǢǏnjcǷnjǛǏǍǘǛǜǒ
Ǘǥǟǎǘǖǘnj ǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔNJƱNJnjǒǎǔǒǗNJǖǥǛNJ 26 njcnƹǒǚǘǍǘ njǚǘǎǏNjǥǗNJǟǘǎǒǢǦǛǩǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǗNJ njǑNjǒǚNJǩǛǦǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǖǒǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǒcnjǏǗǡNJǩǛǦ ǙǚǒǢǕǒnjcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǒǟǗNJǚǩǎNJǟƲǑǙNJǚNJǢǨǜNJǛǎǏǕNJǕǒ
njǘ~ NjǥǕǒǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǥNJǖNjǒǠǒǩǖǒǒcnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǩǖǒ ǝǕǒǠǏǙǘǎǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖǗǏNjǘǖǗǘǑǎǏǛǦ ǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǥǖnjǥǛǜǝǙǘǖǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǘǔǗǘǖnjǛǏ ǗNJnjǏǛƲcǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓǖǘǖǏǗǜǙǘǗǩǕǒǡǜǘǍǘǛǜǩǖ
ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǘnjǒcǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJǡNJǕǒǛǦǎǕǩǘǡǏǗǦ ǗǏǜǍǚǩǑǒǒcǛǗǏǍNJǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǛǜǘ ǧǜǘǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǚNJǎǒnjǒǎǘnjǗNJǘǔǏNJǗƽcǗNJǛnjǖǏǛǜǘ ǗǏǗNJǡǏǖǛǒǎǏǜǦƼǘǍǎNJǧǛǜǘǗǛǔǒǏǎǚǝǑǦǩǙǚǒǏǟNJnjǢǒǏ
njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǏNjǥnjNJǗǒǩ ǒǢǦǔNJǔNjǥǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǒcnjcǎǘǖǏ~ ǘǔǏNJǗNJcǷǙǚǝǎǒcǩǟǚǘǖǛǔǒǏǎNJǕǒǑNJǜǘǛNJǖǘǘǔǗǘcǷnjǘ ǗNJǛnjNJǎǦNjǝǒcǗNJǚǝNjǒǕǒǧǜǒǛǔNJǖǦǒ~
LJǜǘcǷǙǏǚnjNJǩǙǘǙǥǜǔNJǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǜNJǔǘǓ LJǜNJǎnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǑǎǏǛǦnjǘnjǛǏǖcǷ njǛǨǛǜǏǗǝ cšccǖ ǡǜǘǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǘǜ ƷǘǎNJǡǗNJǩǛnjǘNjǘǎNJǗNJǜǘǒcǎNJǗNJǡǜǘNjǥ
ǎǘǖnjǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǟNjǨǎǐǏǜǘnjǒcnjǗǏǘNjǩǑǥnjNJǨǣǏǍǘ ǔNJǔ ǒcǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǘǗNJǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǜǝǛNJǖǝǨNjǕNJǐǏǗ ǜǏǗǘǔǗǘǖǏǚNJǕǨǔǛƴǘǗǛǘǕǦǙǚNJnjǎNJǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦǙǘǎǙǏ ǗǒǔǜǘǗǏǛǖǝǣNJǕǛǩǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǒǕǦǏǖnƮǘǖǛǖǏǕǘǖǘǐǗǘ
njcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjNJƷǏǛǘnjǛǏǖnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǜNJǔǎǘǖ ǗǝǨnǎNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ~ǏǣǏǙǘǖǗǒǖǝǨǗNJǖǒǔǘǍǎNJǛcǘǎǗǘǓ ǚǏǜǦǛǜǘǓǔNJǖǒǗǘǑNJǜǘǘǗNJǛǘǑǎNJǕNJǝǨǜǗǥǓǗNJnjǏǛǗNJǎ ǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǓnjǒǕǕǘǓcǷǙǘǎnjǘǎǒǜǒǜǘǍLjǑ
ǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǔǘǖǖǝǗǏǍǎǏǐǒnjǝǜǘǎǗǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǎNJǡNJǎNJnjNJǕNJǛnjǘNjǘǎǝǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǝǨnjcǍǘǚǘ nǙNJǕǝNjǘǓ~ƻǙǒǚNJǕǦǜǘǐǏǗǏǜNJǔNJǩǩnjǗNJǩǔNJǔnjcǁǒǕǒ NjNJǢǏnjcǷƸǎǗNJǔǘǏǛǕǒǙǚǒǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǛǩǛǔnjǘǑǦǧǜǝǛǘ
ǜǘǚǥƷǘǒcǛǜǚǘǩǜǘǗǒǑǎǏǛǦǒǛǔǕǨǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǕǩǛǏNjǩ ǎǏǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǕNJǕǨǎǏǓƷǏǜNJǔǐǏǛǜ ǝǍǕǘnjNJǜNJǩǗǘǒcǛNJǖǎǘǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǙǘǟǘǐǗNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǗ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǘǛnjǏǡǒnjNJǏǜǡǜǘǜǘǑǗNJǔǘǖǘǏǔNJǖǒǗǘǡNJǍ
ǗǏǗNJǙǘǔNJǑƬǘǔǚǝǍǙǚǝǎNJǛǜǘǩǜǜǚǒǎǘǖNJǜǚǘǒǟǎǚǝǑǏǓ ǔǘǔNJǔnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖǐǒǕǒǣǗǘǖǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǏ NjǕNJǍǘ ƶNJǕǏnjǒǡNJǡǏǖǗNJnjǥNjǚǘǢǏǗǗǝǨǘǔǏNJǗǘǖǚNJǔǘnjǒǗǝȁ njcǠǏǗǜǚǏǛcǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǓǜǚǝNjǘǓǙǚǘǟǘǎǩǣǏǓǡǏǚǏǑǎnjNJ
ǍǘǛǜǏnjǘǓǎǘǖǒǔNjNJǗǩƴǘǍǎNJǎǚǝǑǦǩǔǝǙǒǕǒǝǡNJǛǜǘǔ ǖǏǐǎǝǎNJǡNJǖǒNjǥǕNJǙǚǘǔǕNJǎǔNJnjcnjǒǎǏǙǚǒǚǘǎǥ NJcǚNJǎǒ ƹǚǒnjǛǏǓǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǏǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒ NjǚǝǛǘǔ ǧǜNJǐNJNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕǛcǎǕǒǗǗǥǖǒǚǏǑǗǥ
ǙǚǝǎǚNJǛǢǒǚǒǕǒǒǑnjǥǔǘǙNJǗǗǘǓǑǏǖǕǒǛǎǏǕNJǕǒǟǘǕǖ ǔNJǔǒǟǜǘǙǚǒǩǜǗǥǟǎǏǕǙǘǛǜǝǡNJǜǦnjcǖǩǡǙǘǜNJǗǠǏnjNJǜǦ ǗNJNjǚǝǛǘǔ ǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǘǗǘǒcǗNJ ǖǒǕNJnjǔNJǖǒǗǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǓǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJcǷnjǛǏ
njcǗǏǖcǷǙǘǍǚǏNjƻcǍǘǚǔǒǑǒǖǘǓǔNJǜNJǨǜǛǩǎǏǜǒnjcǙǚǝǎǝ ǙǘǙǏǜǦǙǘǍǘǗǩǜǦǡNJǒǗNJnjǏǚNJǗǎǏcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǩ ǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǡǏǖǝǛǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǝǏǜǡǏǚǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǧǜǘǡǏǚǜǥǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǓǒǑNjǥǕǘnjǔǘnjǙǕNJnjǕǏǗǗǘǓnjcǛǘ
ǐǒnjǝǜǔNJǚNJǛǒƽcnjǛǏǟǏǛǜǦǍǚǩǎǔǒǘNjǣǒǓǍNJǑǘǗǛǜǚǒǍǝǜ ǖǥǛǕǒǜǦǛǘǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǘǔNJǔǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗǘǏǗNJǡNJǕǘƲcǡǜǘ njǥǛǜǝǙǘnjǒcǑNJǍǕǝNjǕǏǗǒǓnjǛǟǘǎǥǗNJǗǒǐǗǨǨǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǝǨǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǝ~

202 
kl``mnTo
ɯ
50.  
JU#N ;UW")‰ "Uw'UxRUV‰ UwNV‰
i˜¡¡¢£„ZŠ UV*)‰ "<'UJ"* "<NUVVU_RU )UxŠ
    RU' _*V‡X*.SVxRU' ;XUVXRV"* '‡ X*aŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ


  ) ;X*NV"V‰ *#U "<N^.* T^V^XV_RU#U JU'_*JU#U
JUX!)W R* ;X"WwRRU#U J<#UXUN^ <!^NVU ;Xw*')"a*Š
   >IL: MI;HN
#UW V^V w !^N^~*#U- "<SVU' ;U'*~*R ;XJV_*J R*
  6 !" # !‡)U UJUR <'‡ ;U)‰wU") SVU N)W ^JX*;)*RW U!XŠ
( w- R*"xRU JJUˆ #UXUN w UJRU' N*R‰ ) RU_‰ _*)UŠ

    "*J "<i˜¡¡¢£„Z ^~*V"^*V "<;XUVXRV"* "UVRU")*Š
RW )- R' Jx*VW _VU 'UN^)‰R‡* 'JXUUV*)< SVU
RU"‡ˆ TUX'V- UR wˆ'^V Ra^ '*xN^ VXN`URR‡'
UV*)W' <.UV*)' RU <U"*Xa*RRU RU"Uˆ 'UN^)‰Š
RUˆ UV")W]~*ˆ- i˜¡¡¢£„Z _VU X"R"]V <W;URŠ
J' UV*)W'Š J ;^)' RU J;^)‰R‡* UV*) "* x*
^~*V"*RRU !)x* J<.UV*)'- UR ;XUVU NU!")W]V
;)VJU"‡* ) TR*XR‡* ;*X*#UXUNJ '*xN^ JXU"VW'
<R* ;X*N)#]V R ;U)RU`*RRU#U )_RU#U ;XUVXRV"
R w"^JUwU)W` R ;X"VRUV- '‡ x* .UV*) UwNV‰
'UNUVVU_R^] <;U)RUV‰] R*w"'^] UV*)‰R^]
JU'RV^ N)W VU#U _VU!‡ ;U)^_V‰ "Uw'UxRUV‰ UVJX‡"V‰
ɭ UV* )  V' #N* SVU R^xRU ) ]NW'-
ɭ q’Dƒ  ’„Ÿ¢- ; 
mjff‚usP   <v % -
2010

ɮ J% B   …egf


ƒs{hm <J
  W% 


ɯ '
E
JB -
ijff‚usP   <v % 
":
  - ?>@G

ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJNJcǏǍǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǝƹǏǚnjǥǓ7PIITFS\NjǥǕ
ǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗnjcNJnjǍǝǛǜǏcǍǘǎNJnjcǜǏǚǖǒǗNJǕǏNJǧǚǘǙǘǚǜNJ
ǂǏǚǏǖǏǜǦǏnjǘLJǜǘNjǥǕNJNjNJǑǘnjNJǩǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǜNJǠǒǩǎnjǝǟ
ǖǏǛǜǗǘǍǘnjNJǚǒNJǗǜNJnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǗNJǩǒǑƶƮƾǢǙǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗ
ǗǘǍǘǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǥǖǩǛǏǗǏǖƹǘǜǘǖǘǔǘǕǘƫǏǕǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ
njǘǔǑNJǕNJǘǜǔǚǥǕǛǩǠǏǕǥǓǘǜǏǕǦnjǏǛǦǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗǥǓǒǑ
ƭǏǚǘǓǙǚǒǜǡǒƵǦnjNJƼǘǕǛǜǘǍǘnƶǗǘǍǘǕǒǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǑǏǖǕǒ ǎǕǩǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔǘnjǒcǙǚǘnǜǚǒNJǚǢǒǗNJ~Ǚǘǜǘǖǝ ǛcǧǕǏǔǜǚǘǙǚǒnjǘǎǘǖǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǦǘǙǜǒ 7PIITFS\ǹǘnjƸǎǗNJǔǘǑNJǜǏǖǛǜNJǕǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǡǜǘǢǒǚǘǔǘǓ
ǗǝǐǗǘ~ǙǘǍǗNJǕǛǩ njcǙǚǩǖǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏcǷNjǏǍǘǖ ǑNJǝnjǏǕǒ ǡǜǘǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǏǍǘcǔnjcǖ ǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǚǏǐǒǖǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǘǛǜǒƬǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǜNJǔǐǏǖNJǜǒǚǝ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǝǢǏ7PIITFS\njǛǏǜNJǔǒǖNJǕ ǜǘǡǗǏǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǡǏǗǒǏǖǐǒǕǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǒcǝǙNJǕǑNJǖǏǚǜnjǘƲcnjǛǏǡǜǘǏǖǝ ƲǖǏǩǎǘǕǍǝǨǒcǛǕNJnjǗǝǨǙǚǏǎǥǛǜǘǚǒǨ ǨǣNJǩǙǕǏǗǔNJǗNJǛǜǏǔǕNJǟǛcǒǑǖǏǗǩǏǖǘǓǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦǨ ǎǘǚǘǍcǷǔNJǔnjǛǩǔǒǓǑǘǕǘǜǗǒǔ ƲcnjccǍǘǎǝǙǚǘǏǔǜǙǏ
ǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗǝǐǗǘcǷǧǜǘǜǚǒNJǚǢǒǗNJǑǏǖǕǒƬcǚNJǛǛǔNJ njǛǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǏǜǝǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǖǒǗǒǎǘǖNJǒcǔNJNjǒǗǥ QSSHPMKLXMRK ǛnjǏǜǘǎǒǘǎǗǥǏǛnjǏǜǒǕǦǗǒǔǒǛcǒǑǖǏǗǩǏ ǚǏǏǟNJǕnjcƻǂƪNJcǙǏǚnjǥǓǘNjǗǘnjǕǏǗǗǥǓǖǘǎǝǕǦNjǥǕǙǚǘ
ǑǏnƴǚǥǐǘnjǗǒǔ~ǁǏǟǘnjǛcƼǘǕǛǜǥǖǛǙǘǚǒǜnƼǚǒNJǚǢǒǗNJ ǩǙǘǗǛǔǒǏǔNJǙǛǝǕǦǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǒcǖǒǗǒǘǜǏǕǒ 7PIITFS\ ǖǘǓǠnjǏǜǘnjǘǓǍNJǖǖǘǓǛnjǏǜNJ njǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǖǏǎǒNJNjǕǘǔ ǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǒcǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗnjcƫǘǛǜǘǗǏnjccǍǘǎǝƫǥǕǜNJǔǐǏ
ǗǝǐǗǥǜǚǝǙǝNJcǗǏǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝ ȁ"ǁǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǗǝǐǗǘǗǏǜǚǒ ǜǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏNjǥǕǎǕǩƺǘǛǛǒǒNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǥǖǙǚǘǚǥnjǘǖ ǜǏǕǏnjǒǑǘǚǛǏǗǛǘǚǗǥǓǧǔǚNJǗ ;M*MǚǘǝǜǏǚNjǝǎǒǕǦ ǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǗǘnjǥǓǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǥǓǎǒǑNJǓǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǓNjǘǕǦǢǏ
NJǚǢǒǗNJǑǏǖǕǒǗǏǝǛNJǎǦNjNJNJcnjǏǛǦǑǏǖǗǘǓǢNJǚȁ~ƻǙǘǚ ǖǒǗǒǐǒǕǒǣNJǜNJǔǘǍǘǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǛǔǘǍǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjNJǑNJǜǘ ǗǒǔǒǗǜǏǚǔǘǖǛǏǓǞnjǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǝǗǒnjǏǚǛNJǕǦǗǥǓǜǏǚ ǙǘǎǟǘǎǒǜǎǕǩǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǔǒnjcǘǞǒǛNJǟƪǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǛǔNJǩǙǚǏǛ
ǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǘnjǚNJǑǚǏǢǒǕǛǩnjǚǘǎǏǔNJǔǛNJǖǛǘNjǘǨǑǏǖǗǘǓ ǡǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗNJǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǛcnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǖǒ ǖǒǗNJǕǘǙǕNJǜǥǛcnjǥǎNJǡǏǓǖNJǍǗǒǜǗǥǟǔǕǨǡǏǓ ǛNJǛcǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǑǖǘǖǙǚǒǗǩǕNJǗǘnjǥǓǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǒcnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǢNJǚǛǜNJǕǔǝǎNJǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǏǏNJcǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǖǏǜǘǎǒǡǗǘǝǖǏǗǦ ǖǘǎǒǞǒǔNJǠǒǩǖǒ ǑǎǏǛǦǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏNjǥǕǘLJǜǘǗǏǙǚǘ ƹǚǒ njǛǏǓ ǛnjǘǏǓ ǝǗǒnjǏǚǛNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ ǙǏǚnjǥǓ7PIITFS\ǘǜǏǕǦNjǥǕǘǜǔǚǥǜnjcǖǏǐǎǝǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǖ
ǢNJǏǜǚNJǑǖǏǚǗǝǐǗǥǟǗNJǖnjǏǣǏǓcǷNJcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ ǛǜǘǛǝǙǏǚǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏ cšccǖnjǥǛǘǜNJǘǜ 7PIITFS\njǙǘǕǗǏǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜǒcǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnj ǜǏǚǖǒǗNJǕǏNJǧǚǘǙǘǚǜNJƬNJǢǒǗǍǜǘǗNJƻǏǍǘǎǗǩǔǘǖNJǗǎNJ
ǒcǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ7PIITFS\ ǎǘcǖ ǗǘǒcnjǥǛǘǔǘǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǏǑǎǏǛǦǏǛǜǦǛǒǛǜǏǖNJ ǕǏǗǒǩǖǘcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏ nƬcǜǏǛǗǘǜǏǎNJǗǏnjcǘNjǒǎǏ~nƷǏ 7PIITFS\ǝǛǙǏǢǗǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǛcǔǚǝǙǗǥǖǒǔǘǚǙǘǚNJǠǒǩ
ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǍǏǗǒNJǕǦǗǘǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜǗNJǘNjNJǑNJǙǚǘǛNJǘǗǒcǙǚǘ njǏǗǜǒǕǩǠǒǒǚǘǑǏǜǔǒnjǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǏ0)(ǛnjǏǜǒǕǦǗǒǔǒǎǕǩ ǔǚNJǛǗNJǒǑNjNJǝǍǕNJǖǒNJcǔǚNJǛǗNJǙǒǚǘǍNJǖǒ~ ǍǎǏǙǏǚnjǘǛǜǏ ǖǒǒcǗNJǎǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǏǖǘǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjnjcNJǧǚǘǙǘǚǜNJǟ
nnjǏǛǦǑǏǖǗǘǓǢNJǚ~ǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǖǏǗǗǘ ǡǜǏǗǒǩ ǙǘǖǒǖǘǘNjǣǏǍǘǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǗNJǘǔǗNJǟcǷǢǜǘǚǥ ǙǏǗǗǘǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏnjǛǏǍǎNJǙǚǒǎNJnjNJǕǘǛǦǗǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǝ ǒcǍǘǚǘǎNJǟƪǖǏǚǒǔǒ

204 
51.
/$   
W<*!W X.V*JVUXU' RJU#N R* _V)
"* _VU 'RU] N"x*V< SVU )a‰ wNXŠ


" $O &
 "‡ˆ '‡)‹ "*N‰ TUX' T*X‡< 'W
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     U;V')‰RW ;U UVRUa*R] U!Ž*' J<"R*aR*ˆ U!UŠ


)U_J* <wR_V <'W U;V')‰RW <VU_J wX*RW
   <E;7;DE
'V*X)U*'JUV <SR*X#UwVXV "U "X*'W SJ;)^Š
  % !" # V`‹ <<^_*VU' VU#U _VU *V_VW VX^JV^X #*UŠ
(( N*w_*JU#U J^;U)< SVU 'W ;XU_RW U!U)U_Š

    J VU VRU"VW U_*"NRU _VU w VJ' NU''
!^N^~**‹

ǒcǝnjǏǚǩǏǜǡǜǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǝǎǘNjǗǏǏnjcǏǏǐǒǑǗǒǗǏNjǥǕǘƲcǡǜǘ
ǗǒǍǎǏǘǗNJǛǏNjǩǏǣǏǜNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǘǗǏǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJǕNJ
ƻǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǎǘǖƲnjNJǗǛNJǖǘǛǜǘǩ
ǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏNjǝǎǝǡǒǙǚǒǧǜǘǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖǙǘǘNjǚNJǑǘ
njNJǗǒǨƬǥǡǒǛǕǒǕǙǘǎǟǘǎǩǣǒǓǚNJǑǖǏǚǙǚǒǚNJǎǒǝǛǏ
ɮ ɯ
njccǖcǒcǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǙǘǕNJǔnjǖcǧǜǘǎNJǕǘnjǏǚǟǗǨǨǘǜǖǏǜ
ǔǝcǖǏǜǚNJƹǘǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǘǗǘǎNJǐǏ
ǔNJǔǜǘǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǘƴǘǗǗǏǔǜǘǚǥ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǏǝǑǕǥ 
ǜNJǔǐǏNjǥǕǒǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǥEHLSGƲcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǜǚǘǒǕ
ǔǝǙǘǕƲnjNJǗǛnjǘǒǖǒǚǝǔNJǖǒƻǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǗNJǡNJǕǘǛǦ
njcNJnjǍǝǛǜǏcǍǘǎNJǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǚNJǑǑNJǖǒǚNJǕǘǒcǛǗǘnjNJ
njǘǑǘNjǗǘnjǕǩǕǘǛǦcǷǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǘǞǒǗNJǗǛǘnjǥǖǙǚǒ
ǡǒǗNJǖ ǒcǘNjǘǢǕǘǛǦnjcǒǜǘǍǏnjcǜǥǛǩǡǚǝNjǕǏǓ ƷǘǙǚǒ
ǧǜǘǖnǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǛǜNJǕǝnjǕǏǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǙǏǚ
ǞǘǚǖNJǗǛǘǖnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǝǡNJǛǜǒǏǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘ
ǚNJǑǗǥǟǕǨǎǏǓcǷǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǟǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘnjNJǚǜǒ
ɭ !
 T - ǛNJǖǚǝǕǦƼǘǏǛǜǦǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǏǝǛǒǕǒǏǘǎǗǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ ǛǜǘnjǖǝǑǥǔNJǗǜǘnjǒcǘǛǏǎǕǥǟǎǚǝǑǏǓ~ƻǜǚǘǓǔNJǛǘǙǚǘ
!
 <'  - ǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǙǘnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǖǒǚƹǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǥNjǒǚNJǩǛǚǏ njǘǐǎNJǕNJǛǦǎǐǏǖǛǏǓǢǏǗNJǖǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǝǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǕǒǛǦ
1967 ǎǒǖǗǘǍǘǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǔǝǙǘǕǘnjǙǘǔǚǥnjǢǒǟ ǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗNJǛǜǚǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǔǏǒcǜǝǜnjǥǩǛǗǒ
ɮ  NB
- ! ƺǘǛǛǒǨǛNJǖǥǓǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓǖǥǙǚǏǎǙǘǡǕǒǒǛǜǘǚǒǨ ǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǝcǔǝǙǘǕNJǘǜǕǒǡǗNJǩNJǔǝǛǜǒǔNJƬǛǏǧǜǘnjcǔǘǗǠǏ
   
- ?>@G ǗNJǒNjǘǕǏǏNjǕǒǑǔǝǨǑNJnjǏǜNJǖnjǏǕǒǔǘǍǘƫNJǔǒcǷǛNJǖǝǨǙǏǚ ǔǘǗǠǘnjǙǚǒnjǏǕǘǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǔcǙǘǗǒǖNJǗǒǨǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǞǝǗǔ
ɯ '
E
V% 
<-
ǛǘǗNJǕǦǗǝǨƿǘǜǩǒcǘNjǩǑNJǗǥǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩǡǜǘǗNJǚǝNjǏǐǏ ǠǒǘǗNJǕǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǔǝǎNJǘNjǢǒǚǗǏǏǔǘǗ
NB %
  ǗǝǕǏnjǥǟǒcǎǏǛǩǜǥǟǍǘǎǘnjǛǚNJǑǝǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǒcnƻǔNJǓǎǘǖ~ ǠǏǚǜǥnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǒǁǜǘǐǒǑǗǦǒcǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǎǒǕNJ
<%
   (] + ǒcnǂNJǗǜǒǎǘǖ~ǒcǔǝǙǘǕǦǗǥǓǎǘǖnjcnƶǏǐǎǝǚǏǡǦǏ~cǷǔNJǔ ƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǝǗǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǧǜǘǍǘǔǝǙǘǕNJ
%  w  - @GH@ NjǝǎǜǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǨǗNJǍǚǩǗǝǕǙǘǛǜNJnjǣǒǔǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǟǘǔǘǗ ǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǏǜǖǏǛǜǘǍǎǏǘǗǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩƪcǧǜǘǗǏǔǝǚǘǚǜ
ƷǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǗǏNjǥǕǘǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏ ǗǏǓǘǍNJǕNJǍǏǚǦƸǜǤǏǟNJnjǘǜǠǏǗǜǚNJǍǘǚǘǎNJnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǔǒ
ǔcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝǛnjǘǏǍǘǔǝǙǘǕNJƲnjNJǗƮǥǚǔǒǗǙǚǒǢǏǕǗǏ ǕǘǖǏǜǚǒcǙǏǚǏǏǟNJnjǙǘƮǒǖǒǜǚǘnjǛǔǘǖǝǖǘǛǜǝƸNjǦǘǔNJ
ǛcǔǘǖǖǏǚǡǏǛǔǒǖǒǠǏǕǩǖǒ ǔNJǔǧǜǘǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǍǘNjǥnjNJǏǜ  ǑǥnjNJǏǢǦǛǩnjcǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǖǖǏǛǜǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǗNJǑǥ
ɭ
ƻǞǏǚNJǔNJǔǞǘǚǖNJnjǛǏǍǎNJǡNJǚǘnjNJǕNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǗǘ NJcǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘcǷǛǜǥǔǘnjǜǚǏNjǝǨǣǒǟǝǜǏǙǕǏ NJcnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǗNJǝǡǗǘǍǘǒǛǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǩǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǘǍǘ njNJǏǜǛǩƵǏǛǘǙǏǚǏnjNJǕǔNJLJǜǘnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǘNjǥǡǗǥǓǎNJǡǗǥǓ
ǏǛǕǒǛcǔǝǙǘǕNJǖǒNjǘǕǦǢǒǟǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǗǏNjǥǕǘǜǘǢNJǚ ǗǒǩǗǏǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘǛǜǦǘǔǘǗǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥǛcǖǏNjǏǕǦǨ  njNJǔǝǝǖǗǥǖǎǒǚǒǐNJNjǕǩǖnLJǜǘǞNJǗǜNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏnjǘǑǎǝǢ ǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǗǘǘǗǑNJǐNJǜǖǏǐǎǝǚǏǔǘǓǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǏǓnƻǒNj
ǎǘǕǍǘǘǛǜNJnjNJǕǛǩǖǏǡǜǘǓǘǜǔǏǗǘǜNJǞNJƷǦǨǜǘǗNJLJǜǦǏǗNJ NjǝǚǗǘǘNjǛǝǐǎNJǨǜǛǩǗNJǖǗǘǍǘǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǟǛNJǓǜNJǟ ǗǥǏǛǝǎNJǗǏǑNJǛǕǝǐǏǗǗǘǑNJNjǥǜǥǏǔcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏƿƿnjǏǔNJ ǛǏǕǦǖNJǢNJ~ǒcǗǘnjǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǒưƴnƬǏǗǏǠǒǩ~ǡǜǘǙǚǒǎNJǏǜ
ƵǝǒƫǝǕǕǏǎǘƲǗǛǜǒǜǝǜNJƵǏǗǒǗNJƲnjNJǗNJƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjNJƷǘ ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǙǘǚǩǣǒǏ ǡǜǘǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦ NJǔǜǒnjǗǘǙǘǎ ǛǘǛǖǏǚǜǦǨǀǒǘǕǔǘnjǛǔǘǍǘƸǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǨǒǟǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔ ǏǖǝǛǕǘǐǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǖǘǏǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǗǘnjǛǜǚǏǜǒǜǦǜǝǜ
ǛcǜǏǟǙǘǚǔNJǔƫNJǔǖǒǗǛǜǏǚƾǝǕǕǏǚǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǜǦ ǔǚǏǙǕǩǨǜǜǏǘǚǒǨǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǘǓƪcǜNJǔǐǏǙǘǕǏǑǗǥǖǒ ǠǒǒǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǐǏǛǜǔNJǩǘNjǘǕǘǡǔNJǖǘǍǝǣNJǩnjǥǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǜǦ ǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǘǐǒǎNJǏǢǦǖǏǗǦǢǏnjǛǏǍǘƴǛǜNJ
ǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǦǢNJǚNJǗNJǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǘnjǒcǛǘ ǛǘnjǏǜNJǖǒnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘnƭǏǘǎǏǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔǝǙǘǕǛnjǘǒ ǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǏǎNJnjǕǏǗǒǏƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǒǛǛǕǏǎǘ ǜǒǒǖǏǗǗǘNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǙǘǎǛǜǝǙNJǨǣǒǖǗǘnjǘǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǖǗNJ
ǏǎǒǗǩǜǦǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒǟnjǏǚǢǒǗǥǙǚǩǖǥǖǒǗǏ ǖǒǚǝǔNJǖǒ~ƸǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǐǏǙǚǒǡǒǗǘǓǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǩ njNJǗǒǏǙǚǒnjǏǕǘǖǏǗǩǔcǕǒǡǗǘǛǜǒƫNJǔǖǒǗǛǜǏǚNJƾǝǕǕǏǚNJ ǢǏǖǝǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǝǍǚǘǑǒǜǝǗǒǡǜǘǐǏǗǒǏƲcNJǎǖǒǗǒǛǜǚNJǠǒǒ
ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǖǒǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǎǕǩǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJǛǜǏǚǐ ǖNJǛǛǘnjǘǍǘǛǙǚǘǛNJǗNJǔǝǙǘǕǦǗǥǏǎǘǖNJ NJcƾǝǕǕǏǚ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǔǘǗǠǏǐǒǑǗǒǚNJǑǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǕǙǚǘǏǔǜǽƮǏnjǩ ǍǘǚǘǎNJǏǣǏǙǚǒǎǏǜǛǩǔǝǛNJǜǦǛǏNjǏǕǘǔǜǒǔNJǔǒcnjǕNJǛǜǩǖ
ǗǩǖǒǍǏǘǎǏǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔǝǙǘǕ ǜNJǔǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗNJǑǥnjNJ ǜǘǐǏǖǏǡǜNJǕǛcǒǟǙǘǖǘǣǦǨǚǏǢǒǜǦǐǒǕǒǣǗǝǨ ǜǘǏǗǏNjǘǻcǷǙNJǚǩǣǒǓǍǘǚǘǎcǷǍǏǘǎǏǑǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǛǞǏǚǝ~ ƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔNJǛǗǏǛǢǒǖǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjƻǝǜǩǍǒǗNJ 1 
ǕǘǛǦǏǍǘǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǒǏ ǛǜNJǕǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǏǗǡǜǘ ǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǜnjNJ ǧǗǜǝǑǒNJǛǜǥǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜ ƻǜǚǘǒǕǔǝǙǘǕƲnjNJǗǗǏǎǕǩǛǎNJǡǒǜǝǚǒ ƹǚNJnjǎNJnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜƻǝǜǩǍǒǗNJƮǥǚǔǒǗ
ǎNJǐǏǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǡǜǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǜnjǘǎǘǛǒǟǙǘǚǗǏǙǏǚǏǛǏ NjNJǗNJǕǦǗǝǨǔǘǛǗǘǛǜǦǕǨǎǏǓǗǏǍǘǜǘnjǥǟǙǚǒǛǙǘ ǛǜNJǖǗǏǎǕǩǓǘǍǘnjcǷǕǨNjǒǜǏǕǏǓǖǏǎǒǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦNJcǎǕǩ njǚǩǎǕǒǗNJǧǜǘǖǛǕǘǖNJǏǜǛǩƲcǧǜǘǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓnjNJǐǗǥǓ
ǕǒǕǘǛǦǙǘǎǔǚǝǍǕǥǏǔǚǥǢǒ ǛǘNjǒǜǦǛnjǘǓNjǥǜ NJcnjcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǛnjǘǨǖǏNjǏǕǦ ǔcǧǜǘǓ ǐǒǑǗǒƮǕǩǛǏNjǩǒcǎǕǩǛnjǘǏǓǖNJǖǥcǷǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǓƵǨǎ NJǛǙǏǔǜƸǗǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǒǑǥǛǔNJǗǒǩǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǔǝǙǘǕǘnj
ƹǚǏǒǖǝǣǏǛǜnjNJ ǧǜǘǓ Ǟǘǚǖǥ ǝǛǜǘǓ ǧǛǜǏǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǒcǧǗǏǚǍǏǜǒ ǖǒǕǥƶNJǜnjǏǏnjǗǥnjǛǨǐǒǑǗǦǙǚǘǚNJNjǘǜNJnjǢǏǓnjcǗǘnjǘǛǒ ǗǘǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǝǎNJǡǗǥǓǙǚǘǏǔǜǗNJǔǘǗnjǏǓǏǚ
ǡǒnjǘǛǜǦnjǥǍǘǎǗǘǏǛǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒǒcǘNjǤ ǡǏǛǔǒǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǏ NjǒǚǛǔǘǖƪǔNJǎǏǖǍǘǚǘǎǔǏǒcǗǏǐǗǘǘǜǗǘǛǩǣǏǓǛǩǔǘnjǛǏǖ ƷNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǘǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǛǘnjǛǏǖǒǗǝǨnjǏǚǛǒǨ
ǏǖNJ ǖǏǗǦǢǒǓ njǏǛ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦ ǖǘǗǜNJǐNJ ƷǘǔNJǙǕǩǔNJǖǏǗǦǜǘǡǒǜcǷǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǘǜNJǔ ǑNJǜǏǩǖǛǥǗNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǜǘǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǏǚǏ ǔǝǙǘǕNJnjcƼǘǖǛǔǏǙǘǜǘǖcǷǡNJǓǗǥǓǔǝǙǘǕǗNJƪǕǜNJǏǑNJ
ǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǟǗǏǛǝǣǒǟǛǜǏǗ NJcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǗǏ ǖǘǐǗǘǙǏǚǏnjǏǛǜǒǗNJǎǙǒǛǦǗNJǖǘǍǒǕǏƫNJǔǒƾǝǕǕǏǚNJƷNJ ǗǘǛǒǜǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏnjcǎǘǖǏǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǓǖǏNjǏǕǒ ǔǚǘǖǏ ǜǏǖnjǘǑnjǏǕƫNJǓǔNJǕǦǛǔǒǓǖǝǑǏǓǔǏǚNJǖǒǔǒNJcǙǘǜǘǖǏǣǏ
ǎǘǛǜNJǜǔǒ njǥǛǘǔǒǓ ǝǚǘnjǏǗǦ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟ ǘǜǟǘǎǘnj ǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏcǷn'EPPQIXVMQXEF~ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǏǛǕǘnjǘǘǑ ǔǝǟǘǗǗǘǓǎNJǒcǜǝƲnjNJǗǛǖNJǛǜǏǚǒǕǛNJǖ ǗǘǒcǚNJǎǘǛǜ ǒcNjǝǎǔǝǎǕǩǖNJǖǒǗǘǓǛǘNjNJǔǒǒǑǍǏǔǛNJǧǎǚǘnjƻǘNjNJǔǝ
ǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǦ ǚNJǛǡǏǜNJ NjǘǕǦǢǘǏ ǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘ ǎǏǜNJǕǏǓ ǗNJǡNJǏǜǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǛǝǎǘnjǘǍǘǚǝǕǩǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜ ǗǘǛNJǎǒǜǛǩǛcǍǘǛǜǩǖǒǗNJǙǘǕ ǗNJǔǘnjǏǚ ǙǘǒǜǒǟǡNJǏǖ ƵǨǎǖǒǕǥƶNJǜnjǏǏnjǗǥǑǘnjǝǜƻǡNJǛǜǦǏ

206 
52.
  pJ


 
 
 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    



 

     

 

  0* !" #
((

 
 3   

ƬǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǗǏǜǙǘǗǩǜǒǩnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǎǘǔǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǟǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǐǎǏǗǒǓǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǚǛǜnjNJǗǏǜƼǏǖ
ǗǥǓǙǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖ~ ǡǜǘǖǏǜǘǎǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǡǏǛǜ ǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǝǨǜnǗǘnjǝǨǛǏnjǏǚǗǝǨǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ~
Ǘǘ njcNjǕǏǛǜǩǣǏǓǖǘǗǘǍǚNJǞǒǒƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǥƻǏǕǒnjNJǗǘnjǘǓ ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏcǷnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟǔǘǗǔǝǚ
nƹǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖ~  cǷnjǛǏǍǘǙNJǚNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǛǘnjǗNJǛǏǕǦǛǔǒǏǔǕǝNjǥ Ƕ ƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǔNJǔǧǜǘ
ǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnj ǎNJǒcǜǘǔǒǘǛǔǒ ǡǜǘǜǘǐǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǔǚǝǙǗǥǟ ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǕǏǜǗǒǓƫǘǚǒǛƺǝNjNJǗǏǗǔǘǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǙǚǏǖǒǨ
ǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǗǏǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǘǛǦǎNJǒcnjǕǒǩǗǒǏǒǟNjǥǕǘǕǘǔNJǕǦ ǑNJǙǚǘǏǔǜǍǎǏǗNJǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǝǨǜǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǏǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǚǘǛǔǘǢ
ǗǥǖƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǒǖǒǑǎNJǗǒǩǖǒǑNJǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǨǜǛǩnjcǏ ǗNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǒcnjǛǏnjǘǘNjǣǏǔNJǔǜǘǙǘǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǛǔǒǚNJǛǙNJǟ
ǍǘǎǥǗǘnjǥǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJcǷƲǍNJǚǔNJƽǟǜNJ ǗǝǜǘǡǏǖǝǛǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǝǏǜǒcǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǙǏǚnjǘǍǘ
ƶǘǗǡǏǍǘǚǛǔƴNJǗǎNJǕNJǔǢNJƻǖǏǗNJǔǝǚǛNJǎǘǘǔǚNJǒǗǎǘ ǧǜNJǐNJƷǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǐǏǧǜǘǗǒǔNJǔǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘƼǘǍǎNJǗNJǙǘ
ǟǘǎǒǜǖǏǎǕǏǗǗǘǎǝǟǗǘnjNJǜǘǚǛǜnjNJǏǣǏnjǏǏǜǗǘǒǖǏǗ ǖǘǣǦǙǚǒǟǘǎǩǜNjǘǕǏǏǑǚǏǕǥǏƲǍǘǚǦƾǘǖǒǗǒcƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƵǏ
ǗǘNjǚǏnjǗǘ NJcǙǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǧǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǓ njǒǗǛǘǗƲǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǏǜǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǏ
ǜǝǜǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕ ǛǘǘNjǣNJǏǜǧǜǒǖǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǖǜǝnjǏǛǘ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏƺǝNjNJǗǏǗǔǘǗǘǛǎǏǕNJǗǝǐǏǛcǜǚǏǑnjǥǖǙǘǗǒǖNJǗǒ
ǖǘǛǜǦǒcǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘǜǕǒǡNJǨǜǙǘǛǜǔǘǗ ǏǖǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǏǓǔǕǒǖNJǜNJƻǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǒǟǙǚǒǑnjNJǕǒNJǎNJǙǜǒ
ǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖǘǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖNJƪnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǏǖǘǜǒnjǥ ǚǘnjNJǜǦǙǚǘǏǔǜǕǏǍǔǘǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǠNJǔcǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǒǖ
ǏǣǏǐǒnjǥ ǝǍǕǘnjǥǏNjNJǕǔǘǗǥnjcƮǘǖǏƻǘnjǏǜǘnjƲǍNJǚǔǒ  ǚǏNJǕǒǩǖƵǏǛǜǗǒǠǥƺǝNjNJǗǏǗǔǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩnjcǛǝǚǘnjǥǏ
ǗǘǒcǘǗǒǘNjǚǏǜNJǨǜǖǘǗǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ NjNJǕǔǘǗǥǙǚǏ NjǘǔǘnjǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǛǘǛǔǘǢǏǗǗǥǖǒǔǚǥǢNJǖǒǜǏǚǚNJǛNJcǷ
njǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩnjcǜǚǒNjǝǗǥ NJcǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǒnjNJǨǜǒǟǙǘǕǏǜǎnjNJ njcǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǓNjNJǕǔǘǗnjǖǏǛǜǘǘNjǢǒnjǔǒcǷNjǚǏnjǗǘNJcnjǏǛǦ
ǖǘǣǗǥǟǕǏǛǜǗǒǡǗǥǟǘNjǤǏǖNJ njǗǘǛǩǝǐǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ ǙǕǘǜǗǘǛNjǒǜǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǛǤǏǐǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǜǖǘǚǘǑNJ
ǖǘǜǒnjǙNJǚǗǥǟNjNJǢǏǗ  ƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǛNJǖǒǘǗǒǙǘǎNJǨǜǗNJǔǘǗǔǝǚǛ
ƶǏǛǜǗNJǩǕǏǍǏǗǎNJǛnjǩǑǥnjNJǏǜǧǜǘǜǎǘǖ ǏǣǏ ǘǎǒǗ ǙǚǘǏǔǜ ǍǎǏ ǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǏ ǗNJǡNJǕNJ ǘǔǘǗǡNJ
Ǜc ǒǖǏǗǏǖ ƲnjNJǗNJ ƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǘǎǘǕǏnjNJǨǜ NJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǏ NJc ǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǖ ǖǘǜǒ
njccǍǘǎǝǙǚǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǕnjcƲǍNJǚǔǏǙǘǕǍǘǎNJcǷǟǘǜǩǗǒǔNJǔǒǟ njǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǒǎǏǩǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǒǎnjNJNjǘǔǘnjǥǟǘNjǤǏǖNJ

208 
  .

NU' X;U)Ux*R R J)UR* JUVUX‡ˆ !*#*V "Rw
;U R;X")*R] J<N)‰R*ˆ #XR`* ^_VJ <U!ŽŠ
*'RU* X*a*R* ;UVXUˆJ wN^'RU <^_*VU' U;VŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

_*J. STT*JVU" "UwRJ]~. "U "X*'W N"x*RW


J<R*ˆ U VUXUR‡ ^)`‡ UV J)VJ- R_) NU'
UV*VW JX‡V X*)‰*TU' "NR‡ VU)‰JU N"* T)RJŠ
X^]~* !aRc wV*' UR ;UW")W*VW `*)JU' <*#U
U!Xw< SVU 'UVŠRU!UXUV <'"R‡' N*X*"WRŠ
R‡' U;UX' '*xN^ JUVUX‡' ;XUV*J*V R* "UN
RU "UwN^.- JXU'* VU#U UNRUJVR‡* JXU") !a*R
N^V "<R;X")*R ;XUV"U;U)UxRU' ^J)UR^ X*Š
)‰*T <VJ' U!XwU' NU' "U;XR'*VW "<U!Š
XVRUˆ ;*X;*JV"* #N* VU_J .UN R.UNVW R*
w U!Ž*JVU' <w ;RUˆ 'UVXW~*#U- 'R;^)W`W
<;*X;*JV"Uˆ "<N^.* N*JUX`ˆ !XU_RU#U V*VX
;XN*V NU'^ XwR‡ˆ 'aV! ;X "U;XWV *#U
<XwR‡. VUXUR- E
 B !  B- *
 F
‘q‘˜O… ?>@=

ɮ
ɭ   T 
 * 
 ǔǘǜǘǚǘǓnjǏǏǜǘǜǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǘNjǚNJǣǏǗNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǔcǘnjǚNJǍǝ
)
 - ;   - ǛcǚǝǡǦǏǖƴNJǖǏǗǗǥǓǠǘǔǘǕǦnjǗǝǜǚǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘNjNJǛǛǏǓǗ
1936 ǝǜǘǙǕǏǗnjcǛǔǕǘǗcǷǒcǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǘnjǚNJǍNJǜǥǙǘ
ɮ )   J - ǗǒǖNJǏǢǦǡǜǘǎǘǖǗǏǎnjǝǟNJcǜǚǏǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓƼǘǏǛǜǦǏǍǘ
; %

 J
%  ǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǏnjǥǙǩǡǏǗǗǘǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
<'E- @=AHY@=H> njǛǩǡǏǛǔǒǎǏǑNJnjǝǒǚǘnjNJǗ
ǙǘǕǝǡNJǨǜ ǜǚǏǟǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǏ Ǚǘǚǜǒǔǒ NJc ǗNJǎ Ǘǒǖǒ njǑǖǥ ǒcnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǒcǛǏǖǦǏǗǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǓNjǕǒ ƷǘǧǜǘǗǏǛNJǖǘǝǗǒǡǒǐǏǗǒǏNJcǚǘnjǗǘǜNJ
njNJǨǜ ǙNJǚǗǥǏ NjNJǢǗǒ Ǜc ǙǘǚǜǒǔNJǖǒ ǗNJnjǏǚǟǝ ǁǜǘ ǚǘǐ ǑǘǛǜǒǔcnjǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǖǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǖǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǜǘǜNJǕǒǜNJǚ ǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǩnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǍǘǎǘǛǜǘǒǗǛǜnjNJǒcnjǗǏǢǗǏǓǛǎǏǚǐNJǗ
ǎNJǏǜNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛcǗǏǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǘǓ<-<cnjǏǔNJ ǗǥǟNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǓǎǘǖǗǏǗNJnjǏnjNJǏǜƼǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǙǚǒǡǒǛǕǒǜǦ ǗǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǜNJǔǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǏǜǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǡNJǛǜǗǥǖǎǘǖNJǖ ǎNJ
ǗǘǒcǔǘǗǔǚǏǜǗǘǛcǙǚǘǙǒǕǏǩǖǒƵǏǘǞǘǗƴǕǏǗǠǏǔǘǜǘ ǏǍǘǔcnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝǙǘǛǜǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǑǖǝ~njǙǘǕǗǏnjǘǑ ǒcǒǟǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǖ ƸǗǒǗǏǙǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǐǏǕNJǨǜǑNJǩnjǒǜǦǘcǛǏNjǏ
ǚǥǏǎǏǚǐNJǜǖǨǗǟǏǗǛǔǝǨƴǫǗǒǍǛǙǕNJǜǠƹǚNJnjǎNJǗNJǢǒ ǖǘǐǗǘcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǖǘǜǒ ǗǒnjcǍǚǘǢǗǏǛǜNJnjǩǘǔǚǝǐǏǗǒǏƪcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǛǜǘǩǣǒǓnjǗǒǑǝ ǞNJǕǦǢǒnjǥǓǛǒǖnjǘǕǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǒnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔǝǜNJǏǜ
NjNJǢǗǒ ǗǏ ǜNJǔǒǏ ǖǘǣǗǥǏ ǔNJǔ njc ƶǨǗǟǏǗǏ NJc NjǘǕǦǢǏ njǥǕǘnjǔǘǛǙǕNJnjǕǏǗǥǑǎǏǛǦǛcNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǖǒǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǏ ǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǛcǝǕǒǠǥǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǑNJǖǏǜǏǗǜǘǏǛǜǦǛǚǏǎNJǛǜNJǚǘǍǘ ǛǩǝǐǏǗǘnjNJǩǜǘǜNJǕǒǜNJǚǗǘǛǜǦ ǜNJǔǘnjǥǢǜNJNjǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǥ
ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǜǕNJǍǏǚǗǥǏnjǥǢǔǒcǷǡǜǘǜǘǐǏǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏcǷǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ ǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǗǒǔǘǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǙǘǛǜǚNJǎNJǕNJƷǘǧǜǘ ǜǚNJǗǛǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǟǔǘǚǙǘǚNJǠǒǓ ǗǘǜǝǜǗǏǜǘǜǛǕǝ
Ǘǘ Ǜǜǚǘǩǜ nǗǘnjǥǓ ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓ ƻǏnjǏǚ~ ǑNJǔǕǨǡǏǗǗǥǏ ƸǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǏǎNJǡǒƷƲƵNJǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦ ǗǏǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǡǜǘǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǑNJǙǏǚǕǒǛǦǘǜǖǒǚNJnjcNjNJǢǗǩǟǒǑ ǡNJǓƸǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǚǘǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǏǜǛǩ
ƪc ǖǨǗǟǏǗǛǔNJǩ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩ njc ǧǜǘǜ ǖǘǖǏǗǜ ǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǍǘǒǑǙǏǚǏnjǏǑǏǗǗǥǟǛǚǝNjǘnjǔǝǙǕǏǗǗǥǟnjcǛǘ ǛǕǘǗǘnjǘǓǔǘǛǜǒǔǚǘnjǕǩǗNJǎǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǤǏǖǘǖcǷ ǗNJǛǔnjǘǑǦǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǙNJǚǔǘnjǥǖǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǘǖǘNjǚNJǑǐǏ
ǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǖǏǛǜǘǖǗNJǠǒǛǜǛǔǒǟǙNJǚNJǎǘnjcǷnjǥNjǘǚǙǚǘǘNj ǛǏǎǗǒǟǎǏǚǏnjǗǩǟLJǜǘǜǐǏǎǘǖǛǕǘǐǏǗǒǑǘǡǏǗǦǔǚǝǙǗǘǍǘ ǧǔǛǙǕǝNJǜǒǚǝǏǖNJǩƷƲƵǘǜǛǨǎNJǔNJǔǗNJǕNJǎǘǗǒƲcǜNJǔǘǍǘ NjNJǢǏǗǑNJNjNJnjǗǘǙǏǚǏǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǘǗǒǘǛǜNJǨǜǛǩnǕǏǛǜǗǒǡ
ǚNJǑNJǕǒǢǗǒǓǚNJǑǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǐǎNJǏǜǍǕǝNjǒǗǗǝǨNjǕǒǑǘǛǜǦ NjǚǝǛNJcǷǕǨNjǒǖǘǍǘƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǥǖǔǏǎǚǘnjǘǍǘǕNJǞǏǜNJǔǘ ǡǜǘNjǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǕNJǛǦǗǏnjǗǒǑǝǒcǛNjǘǔǝNJcnjcǛǏǚǏ Ǘǥǖǒ ǘNjǤǏǖNJǖǒ~ ǔNJǔ ǒc njc ƮǘǖǏ ƻǘnjǏǜǘnj ƲǍNJǚǔǒ  Ǘǘ
ǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǒǎnjǝǟǚǏǐǒǖǘnj ǜǘǚǥǓǛǚNJǑǝǑNJǎNJǏǜǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǨǍǏǚǘǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNj ǎǒǗǏǒcǗNJnjǏǚǟǝǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǎNJǡǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǙǘǐNJǕǝǓ ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒǖǏǗǗǘǘǗǒǛǘǎǏǚǐNJǜnjcǛǏNjǏnjǛǏǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǏ
Ʈǘǖ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǩ ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJ ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗ ƷǘǍǕNJnjǗǝǨǚǘǕǦnjcǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǒǧǜǘǍǘǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩǒǍǚNJǨǜ ǗǏǑǗNJǕNJƷǘǧǜǘǗǏǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǥǓǛǨǐǏǜ ǐǒǕǥǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩƪcǖǘǣǗǥǓnjǥǗǘǛǒǟǔǚǥǢǛcǘǎ
njcǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǘǖǙǘǛǏǕǔǏƷƲƵ nƷNJǝǔNJƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘƵǒ ǜǏǛNJǖǥǏǎnjǏNjNJǢǗǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦ ǙǘNjǘǔNJǖǔcǚǒǑNJǕǒǜNJǖǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǗǥǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥ ǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǜǘǐǏǍǏǚǘǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǗǘǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ
ǜǏǚNJǜǝǚNJ~ ǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǗǘǖǔNJǔǚNJǑnjcǜǏǐǏǏǍǘǎǥ ǒcǚǒǑNJǕǒǜNJǖǒǒcǞǕǒǍǏǕǩǖǒǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǒǟnjǥǛǘǜNJǙǘǡ ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠcǷǗNJǗǒǟǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǓNjǏǕǘǝǛǘnj ǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜNJǛǒǕǦǗNJǩǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜNjNJǢǗǩǖ
NJcǛǚǏǎǒǏǍǘǘǜǠǘnjǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǏǓcǷǖǗǘǍǒǏnǙǏǚǏǔǚǏǣǏǗ ǜǒǚNJnjǗNJǒǟǎǕǒǗǏƲcnjcǧǜǘǖǔNJǔǚNJǑǛǘǕǦǘǗǒǗǏnjǘǑnjǥ ǛǔǒǓǙNJǛǛNJǐǙǚǘǕǘǐǏǗǗǥǓǗNJǧǜǘǜǚNJǑnjǎǘǕǦǎǘǖNJnƴǘ ǘNjǚNJǑǐǒǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƲcǧǜNJǜǘǗǔNJǩǒǍǚNJǛǘǛǖǥǛǕNJǖǒ
ǗǥǏ~njcǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǝNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǒǛǜǥƬǒǔǜǘǚƬǏǛǗǒǗƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ǢNJǨǜǛǩǙǘǜNJǔNJǩǡǦǒǖǕǒNjǘNJǖNjǒǠǒǩǖǗǏǎǘǖǒǗǒǚǝǨǜ ǚǒǎǘǚǥǔǘǗǡNJǨǜǛǩǛǜǏǗǔǘǓ~NJcǙNJǛǛNJǐǒnjǥnjǘǎǩǜǗNJǛnjǏǜ ǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǕǏǗǗNJǩǑǎǏǛǦǗNJnjǛǏǟǝǚǘnjǗǩǟ ǎNJǐǏǎnjǏǚǒ
ƭǘǕǦǠƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƻǏǖǫǗǘnj ǙǚNJ ǗNJǎǘǔǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǖƼǘǜǎǝǟǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǒǡǜǘ ƻnjǏǜ ǙǚǘǗǒǑǥnjNJǏǜ ǎǘǖ Ǜǘ njǛǏǟ Ǜǜǘ ǛǎǏǕNJǗǥ ǢǙǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǒ NJc ǗǏ ǞǒǕǏǗǡNJǜǥǖǒ ǔNJǔ
ǎǏǎƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǎǕǩǛǏNjǩǘǗǒǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǙǚǘǛǜǘ njcƶǨǗǟǏǗǏǎǏǚǐǒǜnjǛǨƴǫǗǒǍǛǙǕNJǜǠǑǎǏǛǦǛǕǝǐǒǜǛǝ ǚǘǗǘNjǣNJǩǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩǏǎnjNJǕǒǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǏ njcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǓǒǑNjǏ ǎNJǏǜǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǗNJǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦ
ǎNJǡǒ ǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǝcƬǏǛǗǒǗNJNjǥǕNJǙǘǕǝǔǚǝǍǕNJǩnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǎNJ ǍǝNjǘǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǥǖǗǝǐǎNJǖǎnjǝNjNJǢǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗNJ ǡǏǖnjǛǏǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒƲcǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜǘǛǙNJǛNJǏǜ ǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǕǘnjǔǘǒǑNjǏǍNJǏǜǜǏǟ
njǘǛǦǖǒǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏǘǔǗNJ ƬcǧǜǘǖǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜǏǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ ǗNJǕǒǡǒǏǖǝcǎǘǖNJǎnjǝǟǚNJnjǗǘǙǚNJnjǗǥǟǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǏǕǏǓcǷ ǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǝǨǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǘǜǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗǘǓǖǘǗǝǖǏǗ ǍǚǘǑǗǥǟNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǓǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗǏǒǑNjǏǐ
ǗǏǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǎǘǖƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJǔNJǔǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒcǖǏǛǜǝ ǖNJǜǏǚǒǒcǏǏnjǑǚǘǛǕǘǍǘǛǥǗNJƪcnjǛǩǖǘǗǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ ǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǖǥǒcǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǥǛǕǒǖǔNJǔ ǗǥǙǚǒǜNJǔǘǓǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒ

210 
53.
#  
"NU.RU"*R* ;X.UNV JJ ;X")U R*UxŠ
NRRU- VJ !‡)U <"<SVUV Xw- JUR`*;`W <JU'Š

 $ 
  ;Uw`W NU' ;XN^')‰ !^J")‰RU "U "X*Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 . 'W ;XU#^)J ;U JU'XU"J' ^)U_J'- ;X*NV")U‰
_VU R*JU)‰JU ;UJU)*Rˆ *'‰ 'U#) !‡ xV‰ N_RUˆ
  /
x wR‰] "<SVU' NU'*- <"Uw'UxRU JVUŠ VU w _)*RU" SVUˆ
   .   !U)‰aUˆ *'‰ 'U# NUVX"V‰ NU' ;U "U*'^ ^'UVX*Š
     P . R]- NU!")WV‰ "*XRN‡ V*XX‡ R"*‡ <"* x* UVŠ

  

   . "V‰W "<JURV*JV* VUˆ X.V*JV^X‡ JUVUXW JU#NŠ VU UJX^Š
x) *#U ;X*NJU" R* '*RWW ;X SVU' ^J)N JU'XU"JUˆ
  (40 !" #
N_RUˆ xwR-
(

 
 

ǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗNJǩƫǕNJǍǘǒcǛNJǖǎǘǖǗǏǐǖǏǜǛǩ
ǔNJǔǎNJǡNJƯǚNJǔǘnjNJNJcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖǛǜNJǗ
ǎNJǚǜNJǖǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǜǚǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ǔNJǐǎNJǩcǷǛǘǛnjǘǒǖ
ǛNJǗǝǑǕǘǖ njǗǒǑǝcǷNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ
ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǒcǙǚǘǡNJǩǒǗǞǚNJǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJƪcnjcǝǍǕǝǙǚǘǜǒnjǘ
ǙǘǕǘǐǗǘǖNjNJǢǗǏcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǒcǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǕǏǗNJǘǗNJǔNJǔ
ǒcNjNJǢǗǩƯǚNJǔǘnjNJǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖǔcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǝǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǨ
ƮǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǜǏǖNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǜǝǜǜǘǐǏNjǏǑǘǛǘNjǘǓǗǏ
ǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǗǘǙǚǒnjǗǘǛǒǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǦ
ǗǘǒcǎǝǟǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒƴǚǘǖǏǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǏǛǜǦnjǏ
ǚNJǗǎNJNJcǜNJǔǐǏǧǚǔǏǚǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗcǷǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑ
ǗǒǟǝǔǚNJǢNJǏǜǛnjǘǨǛǜǏǗǝǜNJǔǡǜǘǗǏǜǙǏǚǏNjǘǚNJǛcǐǒ
njǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǦǨǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǍǘǎǕǩǗǥǗǏǢǗǏǍǘǎNJǡǛǜǚǘǩ
ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJ ǘǛǜǘǚǘǐǗǘ ǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜ ǡǜǘ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǧǜǘ ƲcǎNJǐǏǡǝǜǦnjǥǡǝǚǗǥǏnjǘǛǦǖǒǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǏǘǔǗNJ ǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǥ
njǘǘNjǣǏNjǥǕǘǛǎǏǕNJǗǘnjǙǏǚnjǥǏƼNJǔǒǕǒǗǏǜǗǘǘǙǝ ǖǒcǷǛNJǗǝǑǕǥ ǗǝǐǗǥǡǜǘNjǥǙǕNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǘǎǎǏǚǐNJǜǦ
NjǕǒǔǘnjNJǗǗNJǩ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ njc ǐǝǚǗNJǕǏ nƱǘǎǡǒǓ~ ǎNJǡNJ ǙǘǕǝnjNJǕǦǖǘnjǥǏǔǚǘnjǕǒƸǔǗNJǧǜǒcǷǙǚǒǑǚNJǔNjNJǚǘǔǔǘ
ƯǚNJǔǘnjNJnjǥǑnjNJǕNJǖNJǛǛǝǙǘǎǚNJǐNJǗǒǓǒcnjǙǘǕǗǏǖǘǐǏǜ ǔǚǥǢǒcǷǒǑǖǘǎǏǚǗNJǗǘǔNJǔǖǘǎǏǚǗnjǒǎǏǕnjcNjNJǚǘǔǔǘ
ǛǡǒǜNJǜǦǛǩǘǎǗǒǖǒǑǔǚNJǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǟǔNJǖǗǏǓǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍ ǛǘNjǚNJǜNJǙǘǒǚǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǜNJǔǒcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖcǷnjǙǘǕǗǏ
ǛǔǘǓǎNJǡǗǘǓcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǓǗNJǛǕǏǎǗǒǔǜǘǓǎNJǡǗǘǓǛnjǘNjǘǎǥ
ƴNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǙǘǛǏǕǔǘnjcǷƼǏǚǒǘǔǒƴǝǘǔ nƸǔǜǘNjǥǖǗǏǜǘǍǎNJǛǔNJǑNJǕǁǜǘǩcǗNJ
ǔNJǕNJƴǏǕǕǘǖǩǔǒcǷǒǖǏǕǛnjǘǓǛǜǒǕǦNJcnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǖ ǛǕǏǎǝǨnjǛǏǧǜǘƾǏǕǒǠǝǕǏNjǏǎǩǖǘǛǜǥƲcnjǛǏǔǒǜNJǓ
ǛnjǘǒǜǘǗǔǒǏǘǜǜǏǗǔǒǒǖǏǕǒnǖǘǚǛǔNJǩ~ǒcnǕǏǛǗNJǩ~Ǜǜǘ ǛǔǒǏǑNJǜǏǒƮnjǘǚǠNJǛǔnjǘǑǗǥǏǍNJǕǏǚǏǒƲcǕǒǙǥǎǒnjǗǘǓ
ǚǘǗǥcǷǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǏǕǒǢǦǐǏǕǏǑǗǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǘǓƱNJǜǏ ǔǚNJǛǘǜǥ~ƪǟǖNJǜǘnjNJǗNJǙǒǛNJǕNJǧǜǒǛǜǚǘǔǒnjccǍǘǎǝcǷ
ǕǏǜǡǜǘƴǏǕǕǘǖǩǔǒǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐNJǕǒƾǒǗǕǩǗǎǒǒǗǘ ǔǘǍǎNJǕǏǜǘǖǔNJǔǚNJǑǘNjǒǜNJǕNJnjcƴǘǖNJǚǘnjǘnjcǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǖ
njǥǏǎNJǡǗǒǔǒǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǕǒǖǗǘǍǒǏǛǜNJǚǥǏǎNJǡǒǒcǙǏǚǏ ǣǒǜǘnjǘǖǎǘǖǒǔǏcǷnNjǝǎǔǏ~ǔNJǔǘǗNJǏǍǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǕNJƸǗNJ
njǏǑǕǒǒǟǙǘNjǕǒǐǏǔcƿǏǕǦǛǒǗǔǒƷǘǜǘNjǥǕǒǠnjǏǜǘǡǔǒ ǛǜǘǒǜǔNJǔǚNJǑǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǖǘǍǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩNJcǛǜǒ
ƬccǍǘǎǝǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǛǜNJǗǏǜnƴǘǖNJǚǘnjǘ~ǙǚǘǛǕNJnjǒǜǛǩ ǟǘǜnjǘǚǏǗǒǏǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǘǀNJǚǛǔǘǖǝƻǏǕǝǗǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǝǐǏ
ǔNJǔǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǘNjǒǜNJǗǒǩǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǘǓǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǠǒǒ ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNJǟǖNJǜǘnjǛǔǒǓƻǏǚǏNjǚǩǗǥǓnjǏǔǗǘǒcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǏ
njcǏǗNJǡǗǏǜǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǦnjcǑNJǙǝǛǜǏǗǒǏLJǜǘǧǕǏǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǏ ƴǘǖNJǚǘnjǘǛǜNJǕǒǜNJǔǒǖǒǐǏǖǒǞNJǖǒǔNJǔǒcnjǏǔ<:---ǜNJǖ
ǝǍNJǛNJǗǒǏNjǥǕǘnjǙǘǕǗǏnNJǟǖNJǜǘnjǛǔǒǖ~NJcnjǘǜǗǘnjNJǩǧǙǘ njǛǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǗǘǖǗǘǍǘǏǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǒcnjǛǏǙǝǜNJǏǜǛǩ
ǟNJǑNJǍǚǏǖǏǕNJǔNJǔǐǝǜǔǘnjNJǜǥǓǙǚǒǙǏnjǡǒǔnƷNJǗǏǎǏǕǦǔǝ nƹǝǢǔǒǗƹǘǏǎǏǜnjǘǎnjǘǚǏǠƬcǛǏǚǏNjǚǒǛǜǘǖNJnjǜǘǖǘ
ɭ ɮ
ƬcǍǘǎǝNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƹǏǜǚǂǚǏǓNjǏǚnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcƸǚNJ ɭ ) 
 "
- N ƮǘnjǜǘǚǘǍǘ~ǛǜNJǚǥǏǎNJǡǒǛǜNJǕǒǕǘǖNJǜǦǒcǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǗNJ NjǒǕǏƻcǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǗǥǖǢǘǞǏǚǘǖƻNJnjǏǕǦǒǡǏǖ~cǷǜNJǔ
ǗǒǏǗNjNJǝǖǏǎNJǡǝǒǗǐǏǗǏǚNJƯǚNJǔǘnjNJƸǗNJǒǖǏǕNJǛǝǙǏǚ R   <  - ǒǟǖǏǛǜǏǗǘnjǥǏƹǚNJnjǎNJǜNJǔǘǓǔNJǜNJǛǜǚǘǞǥǔNJǔNJǩǙǘ ƮNJnjǒǎƻNJǖǘǓǕǘnjǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǛǙǚǏǛǛǘnjǔǝǛǨǐǏǜNJnjcnjǘ
ǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǥǓǙǕNJǗǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǒcǔǝǟǗǩcǷnjǗǒǑǝǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ 1909 ǛǜǒǍǕNJǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǓƻǏǚǏNjǚǩǗǥǓƫǘǚ ǍǎǏǒǛǡǏǑǕNJǙǘǡǜǒ ǘNjǚNJǐNJǏǖǘǖǚǘǖNJǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓNjǝǎǏǜǗNJǙǒǛNJǗnjcǛǕǏǎǝ
ǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩcǷǗNJnjǏǚǟǝǒcǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǘnjƹǚNJnjǎNJ ɮ ; a- njǛǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔNJ ǏǣǏǗǏǛǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦǗǘNJǝǚNJ ǨǣǏǖǜǥǛǩǡǏǕǏǜǒǒƲcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǎǒǗǒǑNJnjǜǘǚǘnjǧǜǘǍǘ
ǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǦǎǘǖNJǑNJǗǩǕNJǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJcǷǗǘǘǗNJǗǏnjcNjNJǢǗǏ N
$ *  NjǏǑǗNJǎǏǐǗǘnjǥǟǘǕǘǣǏǗNJ ǙǚǏǕǏǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJnǛǙǚǏǛǛǝǏǜǛǩ~njcǗǏǖǛǘǛnjǘǒǖǙǚNJ
ǔNJǔ ǖǘǐǗǘ NjǥǕǘ Njǥ ǙǘǎǝǖNJǜǦ  njǒǗǜǘnjNJǩ ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJ <U
- @=Q@ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǡǝǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǑǎNJǗǒǩǔǘǜǘ ǙǚNJǎǏǎǘǖcǷƵǏǘǗǜǒǏǖƫǏǗǝNJƴǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǜǚǘǩnjccǍǘǎǝ
njǛǏǐǏǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǝǎǘNjǗNJƫNJǢǗǩǛcǢNJǜǚǘǖcǷǛǔǘ ǚǥǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǨǜǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǒcǖNJǜǏ ǎNJǡǝ ǗNJcǎǚǝǍǘǖNjǏǚǏǍǝƾǒǗǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǕǒnjNJǗǘǔNJǔNJǩǐǚNJǑ
ǚǏǏǎNJǗǦnǍǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖ~ǝnjǕǏǡǏǗǒǩǖǧǙǘǟǒǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏ ǚǒNJǕǗǘǏǣǏǒcnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǩǜǛǜǒǕǒǛǜǒǔǝcǷǗǏǛǜǘǕǦ ǗǒǠNJ ǜǘǐǏǖǘǍǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǛǏNjǏǛǚǝNjǒǜǦǗǒǐǗǒǓǧǜNJǐ
ǛǔǒǓǗNJǖǏǔǗNJǑNJǖǘǔnjcǗǏǓcǷǙǚǘǛǜǘǔǘǖǗNJǜNJ njǥǛǘǔǘ ǔǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǖǏǛǜNJ ǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǎNJǐǏcǷǖǒǞNJ  nǒǑǡǒǛǜǥǟNjǚǏnjǏǗNJcnjǏǚǟǘNjǢǒǜǦnjcnjǒǎǏǞNJǟnjǏǚǔNJ~
ǛǒǎǏǜǦǒcǗNJǎNJǕǒǍǕǩǎǏǜǦcǷǛǝǍǝNjǘǎNJǡǗNJǩǞǝǗǔǠǒǩ  ƪcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǘǛǘNjNJǩǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔNJǩǎǏǕǒǔNJǜ ƷǝNJcƪǟǖNJǜǘnjǝNJnjǜǘǚǜǘǍǘǚǘǖNJǗNJǙǏǚǏ
ƷǘǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǘNjǤǏǖNjNJǢǗǒǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖǔcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǝ ǗǘǛǜǦcǷǎNJǐǏǏǍǘǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǗǥǏ ǛǏǕǒǜǒǑnNjǝǎǔǒ~njcǎǘǖǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǗǏǢǒNjǔǘǛǖǝǣNJǩǛǦǏǍǘ
ǛǚǝNjǝcǷǎǕǩǙǝǣǏǓǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƵǒǛǘnj ǛǔǚNJǎǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǕǘnjǔǘǓǔǘǖǙǘǗǘnjǔǘǓǘNjǤǏǖǘnjƫNJǢǏǗ ǗǥǗǏǢǗǏǓǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐǗǘǛǜǦǨnƫǝǎǔǝ~ǘǛǜNJnjǒnjƫǚǘǎ
ǛǔǒǓǘǎǒǗǒǑǎnjǝǟǍǕNJnjǗǥǟǑǗNJǜǘǔǘnjǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǛǔǘǍǘ ǔNJǘNjǚNJǣǏǗNJǔcǎǘǚǘǍǏnjcǗǏǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJcǷnjǒǗǜǘnjNJǩǗǘ ǛǔǘǖǝcǷǐǒǕǐǏǜǘǜnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏnjcƷǘǚǒǗǛǔǘǓ

212 
54.
Q
 njǗǒǑǝǎNJǕǏǔǘǘǜǎǘǚǘǍǒǒcǑNJNjǘǚNJǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǔǚǥnjǘǜ
ǍǘǛǜǏǓǘnjǚNJǍƮNJǏǣǏǒcǑNJǖNJǛǔǒǚǘnjNJǕǎǘǖǙǘǎǛNJǚNJǓ
 
RV*X‰*XU' *X*x wRWV‰W ^x* R* ^;*) ;XaŠ

,J 
ǔcǜǘǖǝǐǏǩnjǗǘǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓƷǘǔǘǍǎNJǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǗNJǔǘǗǏǠ )U‰ ;U)‰wU"V‰W U"*V' NX^w*ˆ- J^)‰;VUX
ǚǏǢNJǏǜǛǩnjcǗǏǍǘnjǘǓǜǒǘǗǜǝǜǐǏǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǜnǛnjǏǜ # *UX#ˆ TXR#^)WR ;X*N)Ux) U!aV‰ V*R‡ VURŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

njcǔǘǗǠǏǜǝǗǗǏǕǩ~njǕǏǔǘǖǥǓǒǖǙǏǚǏǛǏǔNJǏǜǎǘǖcǷ XU"RR‡' N*X*"U'- ;X_*' V^V x* !*wUa!U_RU RŠ




 
 
 ǒcǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǏǁǦǩǚǘǛǔǘǢǦ w") RU'*X VUR N)W ;UJXJ N]~*ˆ U ~^~*R*

 
  ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǗǏnjcǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǘǜǎǏǕǔǏNJcǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǜǘǖǔNJǔ U!xVUV- ‡R "RW ;XN^') UV"V‰ '*xN^
ǕǒǟǘǘǗNJǑNJnjǒǛNJǏǜǗNJǎǘnjǚNJǍǘǖ #X^!‡' NUJ' ;XU'*x^VJ _VU!‡ NX*"*R
     ) J= MI;HN
LJǜǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǛǠǏ #X)- )‰!R Rw'U" ;UU"*VU") U!Ž*NŠ
  *% !" # ǗNJǚǒǓǎǘǖNJcǷǘǗǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǏǛǜǦǜǝǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ RV‰ SJwUV_*JU* JXRU* N*X*"U <N^!U"‡' ;XŠ
( ƴǚǝǍǕǩǔǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǒǚNJǛǙǘǚǩǎǒǕǛǩǙǏǚǏǙNJǎǘǖǚǏǕǦǏǞNJ J*VU'- )*VR`^ W<R'*X*RRU N*)) !*w !)WR

   &.   njcǠǘǔǘǕǦǗǥǓǧǜNJǐǝǙNJǔǘnjNJǕnjǛǏǡǏǖǝǗǏǗǝǐǗǘǛnjǏǜNJcǷ U J"UwR‡' JX*VUU!XwR‡' ;X;*V'- VJ*
ǠǏǕǥǓNjNJǗǗǘǙǚNJǡǏǡǗǥǓǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜǛcǛNJǝǗǘǓǒcǎǐNJǔǝǑǒ x* <R "*XRN* #N* '‡ ^x* ;X"‡J) )*R"U w"VXŠ
JV‰ #)WNW R N)‰Rˆ )*- ;U)^_)W R*;XR^xŠ
N*RR‡ˆ X)!)*RR‡ˆ NU' #N* )]N x"^V R* !UŠ
W‰ UV"V‰ UN*xN^ R V^)* ) ;U)UxV‰ JR#^
R* R '*VU- 'Ux*V !‡V‰ RV*X‰*X ;UJx*VW R*wŠ
"*Xa*RR‡' RU W<<R* VUXU;)]‰ *#U NUN*)‡"V‰-
* 
<#: 
 (J $+- (' 
+ \<@IQ ?>@@

ɭ
ƬcǍǘǎǝnjǛǩǛǜǚNJǗNJNjǥǕNJǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǗNJǞǒǕǦǖǘǖƸǕǏ ǟǘǑǩǓǔNJǎǘǖNJ ǙǘǚǘǓǗǘǚǘnjǩǜǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩǗNJǑNJǎƹǏǚǏ ǜǝǜǐǏcǷǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǎǘǖǚNJNjǘǜǗǒǠǥ ƹǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐcǷǠǏ NjǥǒcǗǏǜǘnjǚNJǍǒcǘnjǚNJǍǎNJǏǣǏǑNJǚǘǛǢǒǓƷǘǒǖǏǗ
ǍNJƮǘǚǖNJǗNJnƹǘǎǛǜǚǘǡǗǒǔ~ƷNJǙǚǘǜǩǐǏǗǒǒǛǏǚǒǓ ǎǝǖNJnjǘǗǒǝǙǒǚNJǨǜǛǩnjcǍǚǝNjǘnjNJǜǝǨǛǜǏǗǝǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǗǝǨ ǕǒǔǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǛǜNJǚǢǒǟƵǝǗǍǒǗǥǟǙǚǒǡǏǖǑǎǏǛǦ ǗǘǧǜNJǗǏnjǘǑǎǏǕNJǗǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǒǚǘǎǥǙǘǕǗǘǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏ
ǕǏǜǗǩǩƵǒǕǒNJǗǗNJƵǝǗǍǒǗNJǙǏǚǏnjǘǎǡǒǠNJnƹǏǗǥǎǗǏǓ~ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓnjcǎnjǏǚǦǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǕǒnjNJǨǣǝǨǛǩǛǘ ǐǏǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩLJǜǘNjǥǕǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǙǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǖǟǘ njcǑǘǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǛǘǛǏǎǏǓǒcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǙNJ
ǒcǔǗǒǐǏǔǘcƴNJǚǕǛǘǗǏǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǘcǛnjǘǏǓǐǒǑǗǒcǷ ǛǜǏǗǘǓnƽǙǒǚNJǨǜǛǩ~cǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǎǘǖǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǏ ǑǩǏnjcǷnǙǘǚǏǐǏǔNJǚNJNjǔNJǜǦǛǩǗNJnjǏǚǟ~ƼNJǔǡǜǘǗNJnjǜǘ ǚǏǗǒǩǙǚǒǎNJǨǜǏǓǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǗǘǏǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǗǒǏ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǒǛǔǚǏǗǗǏǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘƸǎǗNJǔǘnjǥǢǏǎǢNJǩǛǕǏ ǚǏǍǘǚNJǐǒnjNJǏǜǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǒcǎǏǜǦǛǩǗǏǔǝǎNJƷǘǙǘǜǘǖǘǗǒnjǛǏ ǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏcǷǜǘǕǦǔǘǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǚǏǐǒǛǛǏǚNJǗǘnjcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖ ƪnjǗǝǜǚǒnjǛǏǜNJǔǐǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǒcǘNjNJǩǜǏǕǦ
ǎǘǖǘǎǗǘǒǖǏǗǗNJǩǔǗǒǍNJǚNJǑǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǕNJNjǏǑǘNjNJǩǗǒǩ ǐǏnjǟǘǎǩǜnjcǎǘǖcǷǒcǜǝǜǜǘǒcǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǡǝǎǘǜǣNJǜǏǕǦ ǜNJǖǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǩǛǥǗNJǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǒcǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǘǚNJƲnjNJǗNJ ǗǘǔNJǔǒcnjcǜǏǕǏǖǘǗǘǕǘǍǏƵǒǕǒNJǗǗǥƵǝǗǍǒǗǘǓƬǛǏǑNJ
ǕǒǠNJǒcǍǘǕǘǛNJǞNJǔǜǥǒcǛǘNjǥǜǒǩǛǜNJǕǒǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǝǐǏǗǏ ǗǘǚNJǛǛǡǒǜNJǗǗǘǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖ ǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǔǘǜǘǚǘǏnjcǎǏǓ ƵǝǗǍǒǗNJNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩǒcǖNJǕǏǗǦǔNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ ǘǜ ǢǒǜǘǎǘǛǔNJǖǒNJcǙǚǒǩǜǗǥǏǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǥǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJ ǎǒnjNJǗ
ǜNJǔǒǖǒǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǖǒNJcǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǗǘǖǝǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǨ ǛǜnjǒǒǘǗǝnjǥǗǏǝǛǙǏǕ  ǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓnjǏǛǦǖNJǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǘǜǍǘǚǘǐǏǗǗNJǩ  ǒǑǙNJǚǒǐǛǔǘǓǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǥnǝǢNJǛǜǥǏ~ǔǚǏǛǕNJǛǜNJǚǥǓNjǝ
ǙǝǛǜǦǎNJǐǏǖǏǖǝNJǚNJǖ njǛǏǜNJǔǒǜǚǏNjǝǏǜǛǩǛǨǐǏǜǛǠǏ ƹǚǘǏǔǜ ǎǘǖNJ NjǥǕ ǙǘǎNJǚǔǘǖ ƻǏǚǍǏǩ ƴNJNjǒǗǏǜǥǘǜǠNJǒcǛǥǗNJǒǖǏǨǜǗǏNjǘǕǦ ǞǏǜǔǒǜNJǓǛǔǒǓǔǘnjǏǚǟǍǘǎǘnj ǑnjǝǡNJǜǗNJǧǜǘǖǞǘǗǏ
ǗNJǚǒǓǗNJǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǏNjǏǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǘǗǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘ ƴǚǝǍǕǩǔNJǗNJǕǏǜǒǏǚǏǐǒǛǛǏǚNJǘǗǒǎNJnjǗǘǎǚǝǐǒǕǒ ǢǒǏnjǥǛǜǝǙǥcǷǧǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǜǘǑǎǏǛǦnjǘǘNjǣǏ ǔNJǔǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǏǛǕǘnjǏǡǔǒnjcnƹǘǎǛǜǚǘǡǗǒǔǏ~Ǚǚǘǐǒnj
ǚNJǛǢǒǞǚǘnjǔǘǓǜǏǔǛǜNJ ǒcǙǏǚnjǥǓǘǎǒǗǚNJǑǝǐǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǎǕǩǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǍǘ ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǗNJǞNJǛNJǎNJǟLJǚǔǏǚNJǖǒǒǟǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǜǘǐǏ ǢNJǩǙǏǚnjǥǏǕǏǜǐǒǑǗǒǑNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǓƵǝǗǍǒǗNJǙǏǚǏ
ƻǎǘǖǘǖǏǏǛǥǗNJƹNJnjǕNJƵǝǗǍǒǗNJǘǡǏǗǦ ǎǘǖcǷǗǘǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǚNJǑǘǗǚNJnjǒǕǛǩǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǖƴǝǙǒnjǗǘ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǘǐǗǘǟǘǜǩǘǗǒǒcǗǏǗNJnjǒǛNJǨǜǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓ njǘǎǒǕNJǛcǙǩǜǒǩǑǥǔǘnjƪcǔNJǚǜǒǗNJƵǏǘǗǒǎNJƫNJǚNJǗǘnjNJǗNJ
ɭ  )
- Uy
ǙǘǟǘǐNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩƬcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǘǗǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǡǏǖǙǒǘǗǙǘ njǥǓǘǗǒǜǘǐǏǗǏǚNJǑǝnjǒǎǏǕǒǎǚǝǐǏǛǔǒǏǙǘǔǚǝǡǒnjNJǗǒǩ \<I
 

(a
NJcǎǘǟǘǎǩǜǎǘǗǏǏǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǘǎǒǗnjǥǛǜǝǙ ǛǜǏǗǏcǷǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǞǚNJǑNJǙǘǎǚǝǍǒǎǏǜǛǜnjNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ
ǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƯǛǕǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǗǒǖNJǜǦǙǘǎ ǙNJǕǦǠǏǖǝcnjǒǛǔNJǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǗNJǗǏǖǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗǒǡǏǍǘ   +- ?>@= ǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜnjNJǗǗNJǩǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǘNjǏǎǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕƻǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ ǐǒǕNJnjcƹNJǚǒǐǏǒcǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǜǘǡǗǘǙǘǖǗǒǕNJǚǘǎǗǘǓǩǑǥǔ
ǗǏǨǔǚNJǛǘǜǝǞǘǚǖǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǘǜǎǏǕǔǒƷǒǡǏǍǘǧǜǘǍǘǑǎǏǛǦ ǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǙǏǚǏǙNJǎǚǏǕǦǏǞNJǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǜǝǜcǖǏǜǚǘnj ǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗNJǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓNJcǡǏǚǏǑǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨcǷ ƲcǐǏǕNJǩnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǦǛǩnǙǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǖǝ~ǛǔNJǑNJǕNJƵǝǗǍǒǗǘǓ
ǗǏǜǎǘǜNJǔǘǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǡǜǘǍǘǛǜǒ ǘcǡǏǖǕǨNjǒǜǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǜǦ ƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǧǜǘǖǒcǛǥǍǚNJǕƴǚǝǍǕǩǔǘǗǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǎǘǖ ǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓƬǒǎNJǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǍǘnjǚǘǎǏ nƹǘǢǕǒǐǚNJǜǦǔcǡǏǚǜǘnjǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒ~

214 
qWr]]W
ɭ
55. ɭ   #  - ;   .
   
 NU' VUV "<URU"U' )*^ w *#U ;RUX'R‡.
@>> - @G?? UJUR UVJX‡"*VW ;UVXW]~ˆ "N- w Jw_J<


 
 
    U_*R‰ *"XU;*ˆJ* ;U N^.^ )]N- ;UVXU" VŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   . JUˆ ;XUVUXR‡ˆ "*V)‡ˆ NU' UR <RV*X‰*X .UV*) "N*V‰
) *#J' VXU#' S)*#RVR‡' U"X*'*RR‡' U!WwV*)‰RU
     ) :;<=>
' UNR‡' RU R* VX*RNU"‡'- UR NU)x*R !‡) !‡V‰ ;UJUˆR‡'
  64' !" # <"<VU x* "X*'W R;U)R*RR‡' ;XVW#"]~' "w#)WN N*VŠ
( )W'- Ra*ˆ wN_*ˆ !‡)U _VU!‡ RV*X‰*X R* ;*X*VW#") R


 . *!W "R'R* <)^x) JJ !‡ U!X')*R*' ;*ˆwx-

ǜǏǖNJǎǘǖNJǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒǙǕNJǗNJnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǨǜǛǩǛcǝǔǕǘ
ǗǘǖǔǚǘnjǕǒƪcǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǚNJǛǜǚǝNjǔNJǖǒǗNJcǷǜNJǔǘǓ
ǐǏNjǏǕǥǓǔNJǔǒcǖǏNjǏǕǦǒcnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcnjǥNjǏǕǏǗǗǥǖǒ
ǛǜǏǗNJǖǒnjǛǏǧǜǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǧǎNJǔǘǓn6LETWSH]MR
;LMXI~ǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǒǛǙǘǕǗǩǨǜǚNJǑǗǥǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥ
ǎǏǚǏnjǘǔǘǐNJǖǏǜNJǕǕ
LJǜNJǜǏǖNJǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜnjǏǑǎǏǘNjǣǒǓǛnjǏǜ
ǕǥǓǜǘǗǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǛǩǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǘǜǜǏǗǔNJǖǒǒcǚNJǑǗǥǖǒ
ǞNJǔǜǝǚNJǖǒƼNJǔnjcǔǝǟǗǏǛǜǘǒǜǞǝǜǝǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǏ
nǩǓǠǘ~ǛǜǘǕNJǎǕǩǍǘǜǘnjǔǒǡǦǩnjǏǚǟǗǩǩǙǘǕǘnjǒǗ
ǔNJcǷnjǥǜǩǐǔNJǒcǘǗNJǜǘǐǏNjǏǕNJǩƷǘǧǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒ
ǞNJNjǚǒǡǗǥǓǙǚǘǎǝǔǜNJcnjǘǜǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǛǎǏǕNJǗNJnjcƭǏǚ
ǖNJǗǒǒǗNJǑNJǔNJǑnjǒǗǜǘnjNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǧǕǕǒǙǛǘnjǒǎ
ǗNJǩǘǗNJǗǏǒǖǏǏǜnjǒǎǒǖǥǟǘǙǘǚ ǒcǎNJǐǏǛǘǏǎǒǗǏ
ǗǒǓǛǘǛǜǏǗNJǖǒ NJcnjcǙǘǎǛǜǝǙǏǗǔNJǟcǷǛnjǏǜǘǎǒǘǎǗNJǩ
ƴǚǏǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǓǙǕNJǗǗǏǗǘnjǘǛǜǦnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǗǘ ǝǍǘǕǗǏǙǚǒǜǔǗǝǜǦƷǘnjǘǙǚǘǛǘcǗǏǝǎǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǏǙǚǩǖǥǟ ǛǕǝǡNJǩǟǔǘǍǎNJǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǟǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǗǏNjǥǕǘƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǙǘǎǛnjǏǜǔNJƼNJǔNJǩǐǏǙǘǎǛnjǏǜǔNJcǷnjcǙǚǘǏǖNJǟ ǙǏǚǏǚǝNjNJǟ 
njǛǏǐǏǡNJǣǏnjcǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǑǎNJǗǒǩǟǗNJǡǒǗNJǩǛcǟǚNJ ǝǍǕǘnj NJcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǟǛǜǏǗ ǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǙǘnjǏǎǘǖ ǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǘǢǕǒǞǝǩǒcǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǛǜnjǝǩ NJǗǞǒǕNJǎǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǏǎǏǜǡǏǚǏǑnjǏǛǦǎǘǖcǷǒcǧǜǘǏǣǏ
ǖǘnjƹǚǒǗǩǜǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǜǦǔǚǏǛǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǖǒǒcǙǕNJǗǥnjǒǕǕ ǛǜnjǝǧǔǘǗǘǖǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƴǘǍǎNJǐǏǖǏǜǚNJǐǗǒǡǜǘǗǏǘǍǚNJ ƪǘNjǚNJǑǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǛǩǩǚ ǘǎǒǗǘǜǜǏǗǘǔNjǏǕǘǍǘǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝ
ƪǗǎǚǏNJƹNJǕǕNJǎǒǘǗǘnjcǒǟnǕǏǙǏǛǜǔNJǟ~cǷǙǘǚǜǒǔǒǒǕǒ ǗǒǡǒnjNJǏǜǜǘǒcǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǜNJǔǒǟǗǏnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜ ǔǒǓƮǘǖǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǛǩnjnjǏǚǟǔǚǥǢǒǛǔǘǕǦǑǩǜǙǕNJǗǕǘ ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǝǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǙǒǔNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǦ
ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǁǜǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǏǛǕǒNjǥnjcǗǒǟNjǥǕǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǥ LJǜǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǘǛǗǘnjǗNJǩǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJNJǚǟǒ ǍǒǡǗǘǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǏnjcǘNjǤǏǖǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘ ƻNJǖNJǐǏNJǗǞǒǕNJǎNJǑNJǎNJǏǜǛǕǏǍǔNJǜǏNJ
ǘǗǒǍǕǩǎǏǕǒNjǥǎǚǝǍnjcǎǚǝǍNJǘǔǗNJǖǒƷǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ,32/%cǷǡǜǘǝcǏǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘ ǚNJǑǎnjǒǍNJǏǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǙǘǚǥnjNJǩǛǦnjǑǕǏ ǜǚNJǕǦǗǘǏǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǚNJǑǚǏǢNJǨǣǏǏǛǩǧǞǞǏǔ
,32/%ǗNJǢǕǒǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓǛǙǘǛǘNjǧǜǘǍǘǒǑNjǏǐNJǜǦ ǗǏǜǙǚǘNjǕǏǖƷǏǗNJǎǘnjǜǒǛǔǒnjNJǜǦǛǩnjcǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǏǝǡNJǛǜǔǒ ǜǏǜǦƪcnjǏǛǦǎǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǙǜǏǗǠNJǝcǔǘǜǘ ǜǗǥǖnǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǏǖ~ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓƷǘǒcnjǘnjǛǏǟǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǟ
ƻǚǏǑNJǩǝcǔNJǐǎǘǍǘnǕǏǙǏǛǜǔNJ~ǝǍǕǥǘǗǒǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǝǎNJ njcǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǏNjǨǎǐǏǜǥǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǒcǖNJ ǚǘǍǘǔǕǨnjǙǘǔNJNjǘǕǦǢǏǡǏǖǔǚǥǕǦǩƸǜǎǏǕǦǗNJǩǙǚǏ ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǟǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏǟǘǎǥǗǏǖǏǢNJǨǜǞǝǗǔǠǒǘ
ǙǘǖǏǣNJǨǜǘǔǗNJcǷǒcǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǚǏǢǏǗNJ ǜǏǚǒNJǕǥƪcǚNJǑǗǏǜǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǜǘǗǏǜǒcǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒ ǕǏǛǜǦcǷnjcǗǏǝǕǘnjǒǖǘǛǜǒǠǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑNJǝcǎǘǖNJǗǏǜ ǗǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǗǒǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǗǒǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǝ ǑNJǗǒǖNJǨǣǒǖǎnjNJ
ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǛNJǖNJ ǘǗNJ ǖǘǐǏǜ ǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦ ǒǛǔNJǜǦǗǘnjǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩƲǛǜǘǚǒǩǐǏǧǜǘǓǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒ ǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǑNJǘǎǗǒǖnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǎǚǝǍǘǓǙǚNJǔǜǒ ǎǚǝǍǒǟnǕǏǙǏǛǜǔNJ~ ƷNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǛǔǘǢǏǗǗǥǏǝǍǕǥǚNJǛ
ǛǩǗNJǎǝǖNJǗǗǘǓǑNJǡǏǖnjǘǘNjǣǏǔǚǏǛǜǒcǙǘǚǘǐǎNJǏǖǥǏ ǗNJǡǒǗNJǕNJǛǦǔNJǔǚNJǑǛǘǛǕǝǡNJǩǔǘǍǎNJǗǝǐǗǘNjǥǕǘnjǙǒ ǡǏǛǔǒǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǡǝǜǦǒǗǘǓcǷǔNJǔǕǏ ǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǔNJǐǎǘǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǗǏǞǚǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǗǘnjcnjǥ
ǒǖǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǒ#ƷǘǑNJǖǥǛǏǕnjcǜǘǖǒcǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǕǛǩǡǜǘNjǥ ǛNJǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓnjcǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǝǨ ǙǏǛǜǔǒǠnjǏǜǔNJƭǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǡǒǛǕǒǜǦǙǘǜǚǝNjǏ ǛǘǜǝǡǜǘǑǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘƪcnjcǜǏǟ
ǝǖǏǗǦǢǒǜǦǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǙǚǩǖǥǟǝǍǕǘnjNJcnjǑNJǖǏǗǙǘǕǝ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒƼǘǜǎǘǖNjǥǕǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗnjccǍǘǎǝ ǎǥǖǘǟǘǎNJǒcǙǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǔǚǝǙǗǥǖǘǔǗNJǖƯǏǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚ ǗǏǝǎǘNjǗǥǟǖǏǛǜNJǟǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǗǏǖǘǍǕǒǗǏǙǘǩnjǒǜǦǛǩǙǚǒ
ǡǒǜǦǜǝǙǥǏcǷNjǘǕǏǏǖǩǍǔǒǏǒcǙǕNJnjǗǥǏƸǚǜǘǎǘǔǛNJǕǦǗǥǓ ǗǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǝǎNJǡǗǥǖ NJcǘNjǚNJǑcǷ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛNJǖǥǓǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǧǜǘǖǎnjǝǛnjǏǜ ǜNJǔǘǓǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǒǗNJǢǕǒǛǏNjǏǖǏǛǜǘǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǏǝǨǜ
ǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔNJǐǏǜǡǜǘǧǜǘnjǑǎǘǚǒcǡǜǘǖǏNjǏǕǦnjcǜNJǔǘǓ ǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑǩǣǗǥǖ ǡǜǘǏǍǘǛǜNJǕǒǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǜǦǎNJǐǏnjcǜǏǟ ǗǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǟǘǚǘǢǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǍǕNJnjǗNJǩ ǗǥǏǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ

216 
56.
K ƬcƻƻƻƺǙǚNJnjǎNJǎǏǚǏnjǘǒǑǘNjǘǚǘǜNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ
ǒǛǡǏǑNJǏǜǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǏǛǜǦǔǚNJǓǗǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓǙǚǘ
ǏǔǜcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǘǗǙǘNjǏǎǒǕnjcǔǘǗǔǝǚǛǏcǍǘǎNJǗNJ
/ 
  &
SVUV NU' VXU)W ;U)* ^x*


 
 
 &  ǑǎNJǗǒǏǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǍǘǔǕǝNjNJ ǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏNjǥǕǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗ  'RU#. )*V SJ;)^V` ;Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  /    & ƪǛǙǒǚNJǗǜƶƪƺƿƲƵǏnjƵǒǛǏǗǔǘǎǏǕNJ )UVRU#U !RRU#U NU'J ;USVU'^ "<*#U N*U)U#]
ǏǜnjǟǘǎnjcǛnjǘǓǔǕǝNjǛcǜǘǚǠǏnjǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǑǎNJǗǒǩ !‡) w)Ux*R "*‰ U;‡V ;X*N‡N^~*#U ^~*V"U"RW-
     


ǒcǚǏǢNJǏǜǏǍǘǔNJǔǜǝǛNJǖǝǨnǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨ "UŠ ;*X"‡. SVU NU)xRU !‡)U !‡V‰ N*X*"U< '‡ˆ
  + , ǜǚǏǟǘǛǏnjǝǨǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǛcǡǏǜǥǚǏǟǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǖǙǘǚ X)!)*RR‡ˆ <_*)U"*_R‡ˆ 'V*X)- "UŠ "VUX‡.
  ( !" # ǜǒǔǘǖ~ƲǎǩnjcǚǝǛǕǏnǙǚǘǕǏǜNJǚǛǔǘǓǎǘǚǒǔǒ~ƲnjNJ JXJF R* .UV*)U‰ U;WV‰ ""Ww‡"V‰W "<!*JUR*_Š

(( ǗNJƾǘǖǒǗNJǘǗǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǝǙǚǘǣNJǏǜǒcǘǍǚǝNjǕǩǏǜ R^] VUX] <^NJUˆ <;UNJX^_"R*' JU';*RŠ


  &  ǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǝcǷǗǘǎǏǕNJǏǜǧǜǘnjcǙǘǕǗǘǖǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒ VUXU" <UV^VV"* '#VX)‰RU#U #w wV")W)U
ǛcǙǚǒǚǘǎǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǘǗǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǑǗNJ N*)V‰ NU' 'J')‰RU SR*X#USTT*JV"R‡'- N*W
ǏǜcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖnjcNjǝǎǝǣǏǖƵǒǛǏǗǔǘǛǜNJǗǏǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǖ _VU NU' NU)x*R !‡V‰ 'J')‰RU 'UNUVVU_Š
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖƴǒǐǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔNJ ƴǘǕǘǗǗǥcǷ R‡' <R* VX*!U"V‰ !*JUR*_RU#U U!)^x"RW ;XŠ
ǧǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǏnjcǛǏǡǏǗǒǒǛǜǘǓǔǒNJǚǟǒ "*) J<*#U 'J')‰RU ^;XU~*RRUˆ XˆRUˆ TUXŠ
ǜǚNJnjcǷǗǏǛǝǣǒǏǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǥǏNjNJǕǔǒNJcǗNJǖǏǛǜǏ '*- "‡X!UVRR‡ˆ #UN' V)‰ xwR R N_* JU#N
ǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǙǝǛǜǘǜNJƷǘǧǜǘǒcǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǔǘ 'RU#U #UV*ˆ <N*V*ˆ N) VU_RU* V*.wNR* R UŠ
ǕǘǗǗǥǜNJǔǒǏǜǘǗǔǒǏǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏ V" ;U'*~*RˆF 'RU#U RU R*!U)‰a. ;)*RŠ J^;*
ǗǏǛǝǜǑNJǜǘǘǗǒǖǘǍǝǜNjǥǜǦnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǒcǷǒcNjǝǔnjNJǕǦ <JJ 'R'^' N"* #UVR‡*< N)W "wXU)‡. <N)W
ǗǘǞǒǑǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǘǘNjǣNJǜǦnnjǘǑnjǥǢǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ~njǛǏ N*V*ˆ UVN*)‰RU- "‡VWR^VW <*"*X R ]# XˆRW
ǖǝǑǎNJǗǒǨƹǘǛǝǜǒNJnjǜǘǚǙǚǘǛǜǘǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛnjǏǛǥ TUX' N) N*)‰R^] "Uw'UxRUV‰ X;U)UxV‰
ǔǚǘnjǕǒǗNJǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǒcǜǏǖǎǘnjǘǎǒǜǎǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘ "* ;)‰R UJR' R "UVUJ <R w;N !*w )*VR*Š
ǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǩǒǎǏǨǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǒǩǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǍǘǘNjǤ #U ;*X*#X*" RU <NUVVU_R‡' JU)_*V"U' U)R`
ǏǖNJ ǒǑNjǥnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒ ǛcǙǘǚǜǒǔǘǖ <#UVR‡* UVN*)V‰ UV )aR*#U U)R` !U)‰a'
ƺNJǑnjǒnjNJǩǜǏǖǝƪǚǑNJǖNJǗǘnjǒcƫǚǘǎNJǡ V*XX' R ;*X"U' <"VUXU' SVx.-
ǘǡǒǣNJǨǜǏǏǘǜǜǘǍǘǙǚǒnjǔǝǛNJǙNJǕǕNJǎǒNJǗǛǜnjNJǔǘ
ǜǘǚǥǓNjǥǕnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǏƵǒǛǏǗǔǘǑǎǏǛǦǝǐǏǗǏǜǗǒ
ǔNJǔǒǟǙǘǙǏǚǏǡǗǥǟǘǛǏǓǛcǙǕǘǛǔǒǖǒǙǘǚǜǒǔNJǖǒ ǡǜǘnjcǔǚǏǖNJǜǘǚǒǓcǷǕǒǢǦNjǥǙǝǜǏnjǘǡǔǝǎǘǛǜNJǜǦ~ǔNJǔ
ǘǜnjǏǡNJǨǣǒǖǒǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝƲcnjǘǘNjǣǏǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǒnjcǘǎǗǘǖǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖǞǒǕǦǖǏ
ǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǛNJǚNJǓ ǔNJǔǖǗǘǍǒǖǍǘǛǜǩǖǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ  ƷǝNJcǎNJǕǦǢǏǝǐǏnjǛǏǔNJǔǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩ
ǎǕǒǗǗǥǓǛǏǚǥǓǙǏǗNJǕǗNJǔǚǥǜǥǓǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǔǚǘnj ƬǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǩǩǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǗNJǗǒǑNJǗNJǗNJǧǜǝǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǝǨ
ǕǏǓǡǦǒǖǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǏǖǒcǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ ǘǛǦnjǗǒǑǝcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǔǝǟǗǩǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏǔǘǖ
ǜǘǜǛNJǖǥǓnǙǘǚǜǒǔǗNJǜǘǚǠǏ~njcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ ǗNJǜǥƷNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǒcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǛcnjǥǟǘǎǘǖǗNJNjNJǕ
ɭ ɮ
ǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƹǝǛǜǘǜNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩNjǥǕNJǗNJ ǔǘǗƬǛǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJNjǏǕǥǏ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǒǎǏǜǧǜǘǜǠnjǏǜ
ǧǜǘǖǖǏǛǜǏnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǏƵǒǛǏǗǔǘ ǒcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǗǏǟnjNJ ǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǓǒcǜNJǔǐǏǟǘǚǘǢǘnjǥǙǘǕ
ǜNJǕǘǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩǡǜǘNjǥǛǜNJǜǦǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǙǚǘ ǗǏǗǗǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏ NJcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǎǘǖcǷǛǏǚǥǓƴǘǍǎNJǟǘǑǩ
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖ ǘNjǚǏǜNJǏǜǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏ ǏnjNJǝǏǑǐNJǨǜǒcǝǑǔǒǏǘǔǗNJǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǛǜNJnjǗǩǖǒǛǜǏǗNJ
ƴNJǔǒcǙǝǛǜǘǜNJǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩNjNJǕ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǓǛǏǚǘǓǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦǨǎǘǖǘǔǘǗǡNJ
ǔǘǗƮǘǖǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǚNJǛǛǕNJNjǕǩǏǜǛǩǙǘǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǛNJǚNJǓcǷǖǒǖǒǔǚǒǚǝǏǜǎǕǩǙǝǣǏǓ
ǗǒǨǔcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǜǏǚǩǏǜǛnjǘǨǙǕǘǜǗǘǛǜǦǒcǠǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ NjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒƴǛǜNJǜǒǘǎǗǘǒǑǗǏǖǗǘǍǒǟǑǎNJǗǒǓ<-<cnjǏǔNJ
ǘǜǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǙǘnjǘǎǦǩcǷnjǛǏǙǚǒǏǟNJǕǒǘǜǎǥǟNJǏǖ ǛcǙǘǚǜǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǘǚǠǏNjǥǕǘnjcǛǖǥǛǕǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǙǘǡǜǒǛNJǚNJ
ƸǜǎǥǟǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǍǕNJnj ǏǖcǷƴǘǗǗǘǍnjNJǚǎǏǓǛǔǒǓǖNJǗǏǐƴnjNJǚǏǗǍǒnjcƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǏ
ǗǥǖǛǖǥǛǕǘǖnjǛǩǔǘǓǎNJǡǒcǷǒcǑǗNJǖǏǗNJǜǏǕǦǗǘ ƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǝǨǚǒǞǖǝǔcǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖǝnjǥ
ƹǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓǗNJǖǞNJǛNJǎǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡ ǡǏǛǔǘǓcǷnjcǜǘǖǐǏ<-<cnjǏǔǏǛǗNJǡNJǕNJnjcǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟNJcnjcǔǘǗǠǏ ɭ    
- ǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǏǚǚNJǛNJcǷǔǝǕǦǖǒǗNJǠǒǘǗǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ ǛǜǚǘǒǕǛǙǝǛǜǩǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǕǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNjǨǚǘ74ƯƯ',
ǗǥǓnjcǜǚǒǘǔǗNJǛcǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘǖcǷǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǗǏǜNJǔǝǐ njǏǔNJcǷǝǐǏǒcnjcǎNJǡNJǟƷǘǏǛǕǒnjcǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǟǛNJǖNJǔǘǖǙǘ  B  - ?>@M ǘǜǎǥǟNJǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǛǩǑǎǏǛǦǘǜnjǛǏǍǘǘǛǜNJǕǦ ƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƲǕǦǒǗƬǑǩnjǑNJǘǛǗǘnjǝǘNjǤǏǖǗǘǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǘǡǗǘǏ
NJǚǟǏǜǒǙǒǡǏǗƮǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǛǚNJnjǗǒǜǦǏǍǘǛcǛǏnjǏǚǗǥǖǒǒǑ ǑǒǠǒǩǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǒcǙǘǚǜǒǔǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘ ɮ ) )
 - ;  ǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJǒcnjǥǎǏǕǩǏǜǛǩǙǘǚǜǒǔǘǖLJǜǘǙǚǏǝnjǏǕǒǡǏǗ ǚǏǢǏǗǒǏƫǚǘǎNJǡǒ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǛǏǚǥǓǠnjǏǜǒcǝǑǔǒǏǘǔǗNJǛǘ
NjNJǖǒǒǖǏǨǣǒǖǒNjǘǕǏǏǎǚǏnjǗǏǏǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǏǍǎǏ ǘǜǖǏǡNJǏǜǠǏǗǜǚǎǘǖNJǗNJǟǘǎǩǛǦnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǏǍǘǎǕǒǗ    - @GA> ǗǘǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǘNj ǛǜNJnjǗǩǖǒ ǘǗǎǘNjNJnjǒǕnjǜǘǚǝǨǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǙǚǒǖǔǗǝǕǔcǗǏǓ
ǗǏǜǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǒǒcǘǔǘǗcǷǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǝǍǘǎǗǘ ǒcǍǎǏ ǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǜǘǎNJǡǗǒǔǒǔǝǎNJǖǏǗǏǏǣǏǙǏǜǒǕǦǗǥnjcǘNj ǘǜǎǥǟǏNJcǗǏǘcnjǏǡǗǘǖNjǕNJǐǏǗǛǜnjǏǖǏǡǜNJǏǜǙǘǎNJnjǕǩ ǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓNJcǜNJǔǐǏnjǛǜǚǘ
ǝǍǘǎǗǘ  ƽǡǏǗǥǏ ǗǏNjǏǑǘǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘ njǒǎǩǜ njc ǞNJǛNJǎǏ ǚNJǣǏǗǒǒǛcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓƪcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǛcǗNJǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǘǖǜNJǔ ǨǣǏǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǩƪcǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǜǘǚǠǏnjǘǓ ǒǕnjǛǨǖǏNjǏǕǦǑNJǙǘǎǕǒǠǘǛǘǛǜǏǗNJǖǒǘǎǏǚǐNJnjǝNjǏǎǒ
ǛǚǏǎǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǥnjǕǒǩǗǒǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒ ƻNJnjnjNJƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjǙǚǒǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǏǜǔcǎǘǖǝnjcƪNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǘ ǙǘǚǜǒǔǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǛNJǖǥǟǚNJǗǗǒǟǟǚNJǖNJǟǔǘǍǎNJǘǗǒǏǣǏ ǜǏǕǦǗǝǨǙǘNjǏǎǝnjcNjǘǚǦNjǏǑNJǡǒǛǜǘǜǝǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJƷǘ
ǙǚǒnjǗǏǛǏǗǗǘǓnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏ<-<cnjǏǔNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔnjǥǍǕǩǎǏ ǔǝǙǕǏǗǗǘǖǝǝcƪǔǛNJǔǘnjǥǟǙǘǚǜǒǔnjǘǘNjǣǏǛcǑNJǎǗǏǓǛǜǘ ǗǏǛǜNJǕǒǙǏǚǒǙǜǏǚNJǖǒǒcnjǗǝǜǚǒǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǝǒǖǏǕǒǜǘǐǏ ǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǛnjǘǓǎǘǖǙǘǙǏǚǏǔǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǚNJǑǍǘǚǘ
ǕǒǎǘǖNJnjcnǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟ~ƴNJǚǕNJƺǘǛǛǒ   ǚǘǗǥƹǘǛǖǥǛǕǝǧǜǘǎNJǐǏǒcǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǙǘǚǜǒǔNJcǛǔǘǚǏǏ ǛNJǖǝǨǙǚǒǖǒǜǒnjǗǝǨƹǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǩǜǏǖǝcǷǡǏ ǎǒnjǏǍǘǗNJnǙNJǚNJǎǗǥǓ~ǙNJǕǒǛNJǎǗǒǔǒcnǒǗǜǒǖǗǥǓ~ǎnjǘǚ
nƭǕǩǎǩǗNJǜǚǏǟǘǔǘǗǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǛcǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘǖcǷǙǒǢǏǜ TSVGLcǷǝǔǚǝǙǗǏǗǗǘǏǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǏǎǕǩNJǖǏ ǚǏǑnjǛǏǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖǥcǷǔcǒǛǜǘǔNJǖNJnjǜǘǚǥǙǚǘǍǘnjNJǚǒ ǘǍǘǚǘǎnƴǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJ
ƲǕǦǩƹǏǡǫǗǔǒǗcǷǗǏǜǚǝǎǗǘǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒǜǦǏǍǘǛǟǘǎǛǜnjǘ ǚǒǔNJǗǛǔǘǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒNJcnjcǗNJǢǏǖǛǕǝǡNJǏcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛcǔǘ njNJǨǜǛǩǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔǒǏǙǏǚǏǖǏǗǥǙǚǘǒǑǘǢǕǒǑNJǧǜǒǜǥǣǒ ǝǡNJǛǜǔNJ~cǷǛǔNJǑNJǕƲǕǦǒǗǘǙǝǛǔNJǩǜǘǜǞNJǔǜǡǜǘnjǛǜNJnjNJ
ǛcǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǜǚǏǟǘǛǏnjǘǓǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǏǓǗNJǟǘ ǕǘǗǗNJǖǒ ǗǘǒcnjǟǘǎcǷǜǘǐǏ LJǜǘǙǕNJnjǗǘǏǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǗǒǏ ǕǏǜǛǝNjNjǘǜNJcǷǘǔǘǗǡNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǕǩǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ ǕǒǎǘǖNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǡNJǣǏǝǑǔǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǘǓǔcǝǕǒǠǏƱǎǏǛǦ
ǎǩǣǏǓǛnjǘǏnjǥǛǢǏǏnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏnjcǡǏǜǥǚǏǟǔǘǕǘǗǗǘǖ ǞǘǚǖǒcǛǖǥǛǕǘnjǛnjǘNjǘǎNJǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǗNJǩǗNJǚǝNjǏǐǏnjǏ ǙǘǛǝNjNjǘǜNJǖǖǥǗǏǒǎǏǖnjcǟǚNJǖNJcǏǎǏǖǗNJǎNJǡǝǒcǡǜǘ ǐǏǜǘǚǠǏnjǥǏǞNJǛNJǎǥǙǘǜǏǚǩǕǒnjǛǩǔǒǓǛǖǥǛǕǝǙǏǚǢǒǛǦ
ǘǚǎǏǚǗǘǖǙǘǚǜǒǔǏ~ ǔǘnjǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǢǒǚǘǔǝǨǎǘǚǘǍǝǒǗǜǏǚǙǚǏǜNJǠǒǩǖǜǏǖǥ ǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǖǏǏǜǙǚNJnjǘǗNJǙǘǚǜǒǔ ǒcǍNJǖNJǔnjcǗǏǖ NJcǍǕNJnj njcǛǘǛǏǎǛǔǒǏǑNJNjǘǚǥƼǘǏǛǜǦnjǛǩnǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚNJ~ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ
ƹǘǚǜǒǔǒnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǟǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜ njcǗǏǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǏƿƿnjǏǔNJǙǘǚǜǒǔǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǙǏǚǏǖǏǣNJǏǜ ǗǘǏǛǏǍǘǎǗǩcǷǗǏǜǚǝǎNJcǘǜǎǥǟǒcǡǜǘǚNJǓcǷǧǜǘƴNJǗNJ ǏǛǜǦnjcǎǘǖǏƪǚǑNJǖNJǗǘnjNJǒcƫǚǘǎNJǡǝǢǕNJǗǘǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ
ǛǩǜǘǐǏǙǘǎnjǕǒǩǗǒǏǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǒcǔǕNJǛǛǒ ǛǩǙǘǑǎNJǗǒǨnjǑNjǒǚNJǩǛǦǙǘǚǘǓǒcǗNJǙǩǜǥǓǧǜNJǐǜǘǚǠNJ ǚǥNJcƫǘǍcǷǧǜǘNjǘǛǛǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏnǗNJǖǡǜǘnjcǛNJǗNJǜǘǚǒǓ ǡǜǘǒcNjǏǑǗǏǏnjǛǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ

218 
57.
s_YY`\WlZW_) 
 
ɲ

'R* Jw)U‰ R*;X")‰R‡' _VU X.Š


V*JVUX VXVV VJU* JU)_*V"U "X*'*R
  
  ) <V"UX_*JUˆ SR*X# R ;XN^'‡Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   QHFFEI>R:>HJ "R* UNRU#U ;XU*JV JUVUX‡ˆ VXUVW <;UVU' "‡Š
JN‡"*VW "<JUXwR^- <W<N"RU ;URW) _VU VXUV‰
  (% !" #
R "*J !U)]VRU !*'‡)*RRU- )]!U* UTRU*
(* wNR* J) <_*X*w *'‰ )*V "VU'V_*J ;*X*Š

    .UNV "<J) £- URU ;XUVU ^VX*"*V- <"<*"XU;* V‡
NU)x*R *~* <wXR** ;XUN^'V‰ .*'^ ^V)w`
ɭ ɰ
"U*#U wNRW- ;USVU'^ R* R^xR‡ R NUXU#* 'V*Š
X)‡ R NUXU#* JURVX^J` NUXU#* X*a*RW-
;UVU' *) ^<V*!W *V‰ NU' "<M>> J"NXVR‡. '*VXU"
w J'RW V‡ J<SVU'^ NU'^ J<SVU'^ '*V^ ;X"WwR-
RU "<U"X*'*RRU' 'X* SVU ^x* JJŠ VU R*;X")‰RU-
RJUR*` _*)U"*J^ "UU!~* R^xRU U"*' R*'RU#U-
'‡ <x*RUˆ <N*V‰' I<#UN x) "<NU'* ;)U~N‰]
A><J"NXVR‡. '*VXU"- <R* R^xRU 'RU#U *'JUV*ˆ
N)W .XR*RW "*~*ˆ< ;UVU'^ _VU UR VUx* R* R^xR‡-

ɱ
ǜǝǚǝǒcǜǚNJǗǛǙǘǚǜǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǘǠǏ ǒcǞNJǗǏǚǘǓnjcǘǜǎǏǕǔǏǛcǎǏǢǏnjǘǓǒcǗǒǑǔǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓ
ǗǒǕnƸNjǥǡǗǘǔǘǍǎNJnjǏǑǝǜǙǚǏ ǛNJǗǜǏǟǗǒǔǘǓ~nƮNJǑNJǜNJǔǒǏǎǏǗǦǍǒcǷǛǏǚǎǒǕǛǩǔǕǒǏǗǜ
ǞNJNjnjǏǑǝǜǙǝǛǜǘǜǝNJcǜǥnjǏǑǏǢǦ NJcǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǛǗNJǣǏǗǗǥǓ*YXXIVEPLEYWǛǜǘǒǕǜǥǛǩǡ
ǎǘǖnjcǎǘǖǏ~ Ǐnjǚǘ cǷǖǘǐǗǘǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǓǎǘǖǔǝǙǒǜǦ~
ƻNJǖ ǐǏ ǎǘǖ NjǥǕ ǙǚǘǛǜ ǔNJǚ ƷǏǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǘǛǦnjǑNJǒǖǗǥǖ
ǔNJǛǘNjǢǒǜǥǓǀƻƹ ǠǏǖǏǗǜǗǘ ǙǘǚǘǟǝnjcǘǍǘǗǦǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǕǘǜǘǡǜǘǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ
ǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗǥǖǒǙǕǒǜNJǖǒ ǠǏǕǒǔǘǖ ǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJǗǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǕǘǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔNJǡǏ
ǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǗǥǓǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏǙǕǘ ǛǜnjǘƪcǙNJǚǜǗǏǚǥǙǘǎǚǩǎǡǒǔǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJNjǒǚNJǕǒnjǛǨ
ǣNJǎǦǨcǔnjcǖcǍǎǏǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘ ǖNJǚǐǝǗǘǒcǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǔǚNJǕǒǙǚǘǏǔǜƬcǒǜǘǍǏnjǥǛǜǚǘǒnj
njNJǩǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǕǒnjNJǕǒǛǦǙǚNJǔ ǛcǙǘǕǎǨǐǒǗǥǜNJǔǒǟǎǘǖǘnjnjccǍǘǎǝƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓǘǜǡNJ
ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjcǏǎǒǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ ǩǕǛǩǒcǙǏǚǏǗǏǛnjǏǛǦǙǚǘǏǔǜnjcƭǏǚǖNJǗǒǨǡǜǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝ
ǎNJǒcǛǙNJǕǏǗǔNJǘǜǍǘǚNJǐǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǘǜ ǗǏǘǡǏǗǦǜǘǗǏǖǠǝǘǡǏǗǦǎNJǐǏƮNJǒcǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǔNJǔǜǘǙǘ
ǗǒǟǕǒǢǦǢǜǘǚǔǘǨƲcǜNJǔǘǓǐǏ ǗǩǜǗǏǏ*YXXIVEPLEYWǙǘǗǏǖǏǠǔǒǑǗNJǡǒǜnǎǘǖǞǝǜǕǩǚ~
ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǢǜǘǚǘǓǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǜǏ ƱǎǏǛǦǎǘǖǘNjǚǏǕǡǏǚǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǝǜǚNJǜǒǕNjǥǕǝǨǛǔǝǡǏǗ
ǔǕǩǗǗǘǓNjǥǕNJǘǜǎǏǕǏǗNJǜǏǚǚNJ ǗǘǛǜǦǒcnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕǛnjǘǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǥǛǜǚǘǍǘǙǘǕǒǗǏǓǔǏ
ɯ
ɮ
ƬcǘNjǣǏǖǚǏǢǒǕǡǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǨǛǏNjǏǎǘǖ ǛNJcǷǡǜǘǒǖǏǕǘǖǘǣǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ
ǛNJǖcǷǒcǛǎǏǕNJǕ~ƲcǙǚǘǐǒǕǜNJǖǜǚǒ ǚNJǛǙNJǟǗǝǜǦǛǜǏǗǝcǷǒcǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩ ƷǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǩǛǜNJǕǒǙǚǘǒǛǟǘ
ǕǏǜNJƴǘǍǎNJǐǏǔcǗǏǖǝǛǜNJǕǒǙǚǒǟǘ ǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏƬcǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǖǐǏǎǘǖ ǎǒǜǦǛcǗǒǖnjcǛǞǏǚǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǩƻǗNJǡNJǕNJnjcǏǍǘǔǚǥ
ǎǒǜǦǎǚǝǑǦǩǒcǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦnƿǘǡǝǜNJǔǘǓ njǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǡǜǘ ǢǝNjǥǕNJnjǛǜǚǘǏǗNJǛǘǕǗǏǡǗNJǩNjNJǜNJǚǏǩcǷǗǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜNJǩ
ǐǏ~ ǘǗ ǙǘǗǩǕ ǡǜǘ ǔǕǒǏǗǜ ǛǘǑǚǏǕ njcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǓǖǘǖǏǗǜǔǜǘǜǘǙǘǛǘ NJc Ǜc ǝǛǜǚǘǓǛǜnjǘǖ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏ ǖǘǐǏǜ ǑNJǚǩǐNJǜǦ ǧǕǏǔǜǚǘ
ƲcnjccǍǘǎǝǗNJnƪǚǟƶǘǛǔnjǏ~cǷǍǕNJnj njǏǜǘnjNJǕǗNJNjǒǜǦǗNJǗǏǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǖǘNjǒǕǒƼǘǏǛǜǦǎǏǕǩǛǦǧǗǏǚǍǒǏǓǛcǎǚǝǍǒǖǒǎǘǖǛNJǖ
ǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏǛǜǘǕǒ ǗǥǏǚǏǏǡǔǒcǷǡǜǘNjǥǛǜNJǕǘǟǘǜǦ ǘǙǕNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛnjǘǏǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǏƮNJǕǦǢǏcǷNjǘǕǦǢǏ
ǠǥcǷǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǕǙǚǘǏǔǜǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǍǘ ǡǝǜǦǙǘnjǏǛǏǕǏǏ ǎǘǖǛǜNJǕnjǜǩǍǒnjNJǜǦǛǩnjcǘǚNjǒǜǝǢǏǚǒǗǍǘnjǘǓǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔǒ
ǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǗǘǍǘǒcǙǏǚǏǎnjǒǐǗǘǍǘǐǒǕǒǣNJ ƷǘǧǜǘǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǎǒǑNJǓǗNJNjǥǕǘ ǒcǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǚǙǘǗǩǕǡǜǘǎǏǕNJǜǦǎǘǖNJcǷǧǜǘ
njcǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǏnǘǎǒǗǔcǘǎǗǘǖǝ~ njǙǘǕǗǏǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖǗǥǖƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓ ǙǚǘǢǕǥǓnjǏǔNJcǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǜǦǗǝǐǗǘǛǠǏǗNJǚǒǒǒǟǒǛǙǘǕǦ
ƼǚǒǧǜǒǟǙǚǒǕNJǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛnjǩ '
 J -
ɭɮɱ ǒǛǔǚǏǗǗǏǙǚǒǛǩǍNJǕǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǖǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǩǖ ǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡ ǑǘnjNJǗǒǩƲcǟǘǜǩnjcǛǞǏǚǏǗǏǎnjǒǐǒǖǘǛǜǒnǝNjǏǚǒǑNJǠǒǩ~
ǑNJǗǥǖǏǐǎǝǛǘNjǘǓǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǎǘǖǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘ {nnfhkjpk{m  ǗǘǛǜǦǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǧǚǍǘǗǘǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔ ǒǎǏǜǖǏǎǕǏǗǗǏǏǜǏǗǎǏǗǠǒǒnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǜǏǐǏǛnjǘNjǘǎ
ǙǏǚǏnjǏǑǜǒǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǘǔ ǙǚǏǎnjNJǚǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǒnjǗNJ 
- ?>@=- U/
 
 ǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦ njcǚNJǖǔNJǟǔǘǜǘǚǥǟnǖǘǎǗǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǜǦ~ǗǏǜNJǔ ǗǥǓǒcǕǏǍǔǒǓǎǘǛǜǝǙǔcǡǏǖǝǕǒNjǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjNJǐǗǏǏ
% 

ǑNJnjǘǎǏ ǘǗǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǜǦǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǖ ǡǜǘNjǥǝǖǏǣNJǜǦǛǩ ǝǐǒcnjNJǐǗǘ NJcǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǎNJǐǏǝǐǏǒcǗǏǙǚǒǕǒǡǗǘ ƸǎǗNJǔǘ ǡǏǖnjǕNJǎǏǗǒǏǧǜǒǖnǡǏǖǕǒNjǘ~ƬcǒǜǘǍǏƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓǚNJǑ
njcǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǏǑNJǔǘǗǘǖǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǘǔ NJcǎǕǩ ɯ '
 J - ǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜǘǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǘǎǗǘǓǒǑǍǕNJnjǗǥǟǙǚǘNjǕǏǖnƶǥ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǎǕǩǛnjǘǏǍǘǎǘǖNJǜNJǔǘǓǛǠǏǗNJǚǒǓNJnjǜǘǚ ǘǗǐǏ
ǧǜǘǍǘƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓǒcǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǏǍǘǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǗǥǖ  B   ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǏǢǏnjǥǏǎǘǖNJǗǘǛǜNJǕǘǩǛǗǘǡǜǘ ǟǘǑǩǒǗ njǕNJǎǏǏǜǎǘǖǘǖǡǒǗǒǜǏǍǘǚǏǍǝǕǩǚǗǘǎǏǕNJǏǜ
ƴǘǍǎNJ ǝc NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJ ƶNJǔǛǒǖNJ ƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǚǘǎǒǕNJǛǦ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏǎǘǖnǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǨǜ~NJcǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏnǚNJǛ <;    
- ?>@> ǕǨǎǩǖnjNJǐǗNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǦcǷǙǚǒǑǗNJǕǛǩƴǝǚǏǗ NJǙǍǚǏǓǎǙǘǎǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǔcǛǏǜǩǖ njcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏcǷǡǜǘNjǥǛǎNJ
ǎǘǡǔNJǘǗǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǑNJǖǏǡǜNJǕǙǚǘnjǘǎǒǜǦǕǏǜǘǗNJ ǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǨǜ~njǥǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜǚǏǕǦǛǥǒcǙǘǗǒǖǕǏNjǏǎǔǘǓnjǥ ɰɲ '
 J - ǗǘǓcǷƵǨǎǩǖnjNJǐǏǗǎǒǑNJǓǗǎǕǩǖǏǗǩǧǜǘNjǥǕǢǘǔ~ njNJǜǦǜǝǎNJǒǑǕǒǢǔǒǧǗǏǚǍǒǒ ǙǕNJǜǒǜǗNJǕǘǍǒcǷNJcǙǘǕǦ
ǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ ǎǕǩ ǡǏǍǘ ǎNJǐǏ NjǥǕNJ ǎǏǚǏnjǗǩ njc ƹǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǓ ǜǩǍǒnjNJǨǜǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǏƹǚǒǡǏǖnjcǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏǙǚǒǟǘ {nnfhkjpk{m    ƪcnjǘǜǔNJǔǚNJǑǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǒcǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓ ǑǘnjNJǜǏǕǦ ǗNJǟǘǎǒǜ ǙǘǎǟǘǎǩǣǒǓ ǛǏNjǏ ǎǘǖ ǗNJ ƪMVFRF
ǘNjǕNJǛǜǒ Ǘǘ ǗǒǔNJǔ ǗǏ ǖǘǍ ǗNJǓǜǒ ǙǘǎǟǘǎǩǣǒǓ ǎǘǖ ǎǩǜnjǛǏǡNJǛǜǒǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǏǚNJnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǖǏNjǏǕǦǔǚǘnjNJǜǦ 
- ?>@I- U/
 
 ǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǚNJǜǘnjNJǕƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓǗNJǢǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǠǏǗǒǜǦǏǣǏ NjǏǚǏǜǏǍǘnjcNJǚǏǗǎǝǒcǧǔǛǙǕǝNJǜǒǚǝǏǜƬcǘNjǣǏǖǜǘǜǐǏ
nljcǙǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǕnjǛǏNjǥǜǘnjǔǒnjǛǏǑNJǙNJǎǗǥǏnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǥ ǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǎǘǖǘǖƲǕǦǩƵǏǐNJnjNJǘǎǒǗ %  ǗǏǝǖǏǕnƴǕǒǏǗǜǥǍǘǜǘnjǥǙǘǔǝǙNJǜǦǎǘǖǛcǖǒǗǏǚNJǕǦ ǛNJǖǥǓǔNJǚǢǏǚǒǗǍcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǛcǜǏǖǥǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǩǙǚǘ
ǛNjǘǚǗǘǣǒǜǘnjǥǏǎǘǖNJcǷǗǒǡǜǘǖǏǗǩǗǏǝǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǕǘ ǒǑ ǛǘNJnjǜǘǚǘnj ƷLJƺNJ ǖǏǡǜNJnjǢǒǓ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǦ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǗǘǓnjNJǜǘǓǙǘǎǙǕǏǗǔǘǓcǷnjǘǚǡNJǕƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓcǷǛcƮƻƹ ǏǔǜǒcǗNJǡNJǕǛǩ

220 
- .
ɭ ɮ
58.  U

   & 
  - `%- UNR w #)"R‡. ;XR`;U" ;XU*JV<
T
  (#  + V*.RU)U#_RUV‰ <JUXUV‰ 'URVx-
<E  - ?>>M

  +, NU' !‡) ;U)RUV‰] U!XR R X.T*XŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   &  ɮ "  


 '* <wV*' ;*X*"*w*R "<;XJ <;UV")*R R wXR**
<T%   "‡VXU*RR‡* wN*‰ U;UX‡- RxRWW ;)U~NJ )^Š
  
x~W NU;U)RV*)‰RUˆ V*XXUˆ ;UW")‰ "‡R^xŠ
 $
 ) N*RRU ;UJU)‰J^ "<;XJ* R*)‰wW N*)V‰ T^RN'*RV‡-
GK;$>IL:KFELFJ "R^VX*RR** ;XUVXRV"U 'RU#UT^RJ`UR)‰RUF 'Š

  ( !" # JXUV^NW aU^X^' x)W W_*ˆJ-

(*

  & 

cǔnjcǖcǷNjǥǕNJǜǘǗǔǘǓǒǚǘǗǒǏǓǗNJǎǛǕǘnjǘǖnǕǘǞǜ~ǔǘ
ǜǘǚǘǏǎNJnjǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǘǛǦnjcǛǝǍǝNjǘǚǏǔǕNJǖǗǥǓǜǚǨǔ
ǝǜǚNJǜǒnjǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǛnjǘǓǛǖǥǛǕƲǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘnǕǘǞǜ~ǘǑǗNJ
ǡNJǕǐǒǕǘǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǙǏǚǏǎǏǕNJǗǗǘǏǒǑNjǥnjǢǏǍǘǑNJnjǘǎNJ
ǒǕǒǞNJNjǚǒǔǒǡǏǓNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǢNJǍǔǘǕǘǗǗǘNjǝǛǕNJnjǕǒnjNJǕǏǍǘ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǗǘǛǜǦNJcǙǚǘǖNJǗǜǝǚNJǐǙǚǒǎNJnjNJǕǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǒ
ƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǖǒǗǒǖǝǖǙǕǘǣNJǎǒǗǘǖNJǔǛǒǖǝǖǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǔǒ
ƪǜǏǖNJNjǥnjǢǏǍǘǙǚǘǖǙǚǏǎǙǚǒǩǜǒǩǙǘǎ
ǎǏǚǐNJǗNJǒcǜǏǖǡǜǘǛǗNJǚǝǐǒnƶǒǔǚǘǕǘǞǜ~ǙǘǟǘǐǗǏǙǚǘ
ǛǜǘǗNJǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǓǎǘǖǗǘǗNJǒǑǚǩǎǗǘǑNJǚǐNJnjǏnjǢǒǓǁǜǘ
njǏǛǦǖNJǒǚǘǗǒǡǗǘǜǚNJǔǜǝǏǜǜǏǖǝǙǘǕǏǜNJǛǜǘǕǦnjNJǐǗǝǨ
njcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJƹǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǛnjǩǑNJǗNJ
ǛǘnjǛǏǘNjǣǒǖnjǘǘǎǝǢǏnjǕǏǗǒǏǖǒǎǏǩǖǒǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛNJǒcǙǚǏ
ǘǎǘǕǏǗǒǏǖǑǏǖǗǘǍǘǜǩǍǘǜǏǗǒǩƱNJǜǏǖǝǐǏnjcǧǙǘǟǝnǧǔǘ
ǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǜǚǏǙǏǜǗǘǛǜǒ~ǙǘǩnjǒǕNJǛǦǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩ
ǖǘǜǒnjNJǠǒǩǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǏǜǚNJnjǝ
ǙǘǡnjǝcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǧǜǒǖǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǕǗNJǗǘǐǔǒǛnjǘǒnjǒǕ
ƾǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǦ nǖǒǔǚǘǎǘǖǘnj~ ǙǚǘǢǏǎǢǒǓ njc c Ǎǘǎǝ ǕǥƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǁǜǘǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǖǏǢNJǕǘǏǖǝNjǏǛǜǚǏ
njc ǙNJǚǔǏ nƶǝǑǏǘǗ~ ǑNJǔǚǥǕ ǛǘNjǘǓ ǍǏǚǘǒǡǏǛǔǝǨ ǧǙǘ ǙǏǜǗǘǛǗǘǛǒǜǦǛǜNJǚǥǏǍǘǚǘǎNJ ǛǕNJnjNJNjǘǍǝnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟ 
ǙǏǨǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǏǓnƭǘǚǘǎNJ~njcǚNJǖǔNJǟǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǖǘǕǘǎǥǏ ǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǩǗNJǎǗǒǖǒǛnjǘǒǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥcǷǜǘǐǏǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǛǘnjǛǏǓǛǜǚNJǗǥǝǡǒǕǒǛǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚNJNjǘ ƷǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏ ǕǝǔNJnjǛǜnjǘ ǏǛǜǦ ǒc ǑǎǏǛǦ
ǜǏǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǗǘǒcnjǥǐǒnjNJǗǒǨnjcǧǔǛǜǚǏǖNJǕǦǗǥǟǝǛ nƶǒǔǚǘǕǘǞǜ~ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǜǘǒǜnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǜǚǏǟǜǘǡǔNJǟ ǜǘ
ǕǘnjǒǩǟǘǗǒǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǕǒǜǘnjcǍǘǚNJǟƪǕǜNJǩǜǘǗNJǘǑǏǚǏ ǏǛǜǦǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǎǏǕǒǔNJǜǗǘ ǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒ
ƫNJǓǔNJǕcǷnjǛǏǍǎNJǍǎǏǜǘǎNJǕǏǔǘǜNJǖǍǎǏǎǏǚǏnjǘNjǥǕǘ njǑǍǚǘǖǘǐǎNJǜǦǏǍǘǗNJǜNJǔǝǨnjǥǛǘǜǝǗǏNjǥǕǘƷǒǑNJǜǏǛ
ǙǘǡǜǒǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǥǖǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖ njǟǘǎǘǖnjcǑǎNJǗǒǏǀƮƿǒcnjǥǑǥnjNJǕNjǘǕǦǢǘǏNjǏǛǙǘǔǘǓǛǜnjǘ ƽǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǗǥǓ ǗNJ :ǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǟ ǘǙǘ ǗǏǗǗǘǍǘǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǗǒǙǘǙǝǕǩǠǒǓǚǏǎǔǒǟǖǝǚNJnjǦǏnjƼNJǔ
ƲǑ Ǜǝǚǘnjǥǟ NjǝǎǗǏǓ ǧǜǒǟ ǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǏǓ ǙǚǘǟǘǎǒnjǢǒǟ ǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǜǩǐǏǕǥǖǎǕǩǛnjǘǒǟǘǙǘǚ ǚNJǟǘNjǤǏǖǒǖǏǕǒǑǩǣǗǝǨǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǝǨǞǘǚǖǝNJcǙǏ ǡǜǘǧǜǘnjcǡǒǛǜǘǖnjǒǎǏǐǏǛǜǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǑNJNjǒǚNJǨǣǏǍǘǛǩ
ǛccǍǘǎNJnjǥǢǕǘǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘǜNJǕNJǗǜǕǒnjǥǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ƪcǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǘǗǜǩǐǏǕǥǖǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǖ ǚǏǎǛǙǕǘǢǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǖǞNJǛNJǎǘǖNjǥǕNJǏǣǏǒcǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩ njcǛnjǘǨNjNJǢǗǨǒǑǛǕǘǗǘnjǘǓǔǘǛǜǒǎNJNjǥnjǘǑnjǥǛǒǜǦǛǩǗNJǎ
ǜǘǚǘnjNJcǑNJǛǜǚǏǕǦǣǒǔǒǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǩcǷƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnj ƷǘǧǜǘNjǥǕNJǕǒǢǦǒǑǩǣǗNJǩǘNjǖNJǗǔNJǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǘǗ ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƻǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩǎnjǏǚǦǘǔǗǘnjcǔǚǥǢǏǘǔǗǘǛǑNJ ǛǝǏǜǘǓǒcǘNjǥnjNJǜǏǕǏǖƷǘǔǝǎNJǙǚǒnjǘǎǩǜǜNJǔǒǏǖǏǡǜǥcǷ
ǒcƪǗǎǚǏǓƪǛNJǎǘnjcǷǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǗNJǗǒǟǒcǛnjǘǒ NjǥǕǠǏǕǒǔǘǖnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǑ0:0NjǚǝǛNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǔǕǏǒ ǎǒcǷǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘNjǥǕǘǑNJǕǒǜǘǛnjǏǜǘǖǡǜǘǝǐǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦ ǒcǘǜǚǥnjǘǜǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǒcǙǘǕǏǜcǷƿƿnjǏǔǛǕǒǢ
ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǑNJǎǒǚNJǩǙǕNJǗǔǝnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǍǘǎǘ njNJǏǜǛǩǒǑǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǒǟǛǕǘǏnjǕǝǣǏǗǘǍǘǢǙǘǗNJǟnjǘǓǗǥǟ ǘcnjǒǎNJǟ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǒǛǔǝǙNJǕǒǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǛNJǗǝǑǕNJ  ǔǘǖǟǘǚǘǢǘǙǘǔNJǑNJǕƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖǒcǚǐNJnjǥǓcǷǝǐǏǗǏ
ǗǏǖǥǛǕǒǖǥǟnjǥǛǘǜ Ǚǘǚǘǎ ǜǘǕǣǒǗǘǓcǖǖ ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǘǕǘǔǗNJǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥ ƷǘǑNJǜǘǔǚǘnjNJǜǦǒcǚNJNjǘǡǒǓǛǜǘǕǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǕǒǛǦnjǘǕǦǍǘǜ ǝǜǘǙǒǩNJcǛǔǘǚǏǏNJǗǜǒǝǜǘǙǒǩƪcǏǛǕǒnjǖǏǛǜǘǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǟ
ƷNJnjǥǛǘǜǏǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǒcnƶǒǔǚǘǕǘǞǜ~Ƹnj ǛǖǏǐǗǥǟǛǕǘǏnjǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǩǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘ njcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏ ǗǘNJcǗNJǔǚǥǢǏnjǛǜNJǕǒǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏNjNJǜNJǚǏǒNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩ NjNJǜNJǚǏǓǔcǗǏǖǝǙǚǒnjǒǗǜǒǜǦǙǚǘǙǏǕǕǏǚǜǘǒcnjǘnjǛǏǙǏ
ǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJǘǗǙNJǚǒǕǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǏcǖǏǜǚNJǙǚǩǖǘǙǏǚǏǎ ǘǜǞNJǗǏǚǥ ǡǜǘǒcǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǏǜnjǥǛǘǔǝǨǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǎǘǖǒǔǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨNJnjǜǘǗǘǖǏǗƹǕǘǣNJǎǦǏǍǘcǷ ǙǏǕNJǠǒǑǞǒǕǦǖNJnƴǒǗǎǑNJǎǑNJ~

222 
59.
-    ɭ a
 !-
N   - R  
W% 
- ?>>@
 /
   

'JXUV^NW< SVU R*W"RW X.Š
V*JV^X JUVUXW R* VX*'VW VV‰

  +, R

  - wX*)~R‡' XVŠ U!Ž*JVU' RU JUŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   /


   
 ; 

B  - X** ;U)‰w^*V TUX'^ JURVX^J`] 'V*X)‡ <V*.RU)UŠ
2011 # N)W UwNRW ;XUVXRV" <R^xR‡' ;X'*VX'-
   ) >7EF;MEF:EI
RX^x ;")‰UR )UxRU w'*VV‰F V*J)U !)J^*V JX‡Š
  ' !" # "W RV*X‰*X JXU'RW TUX' <U!a"J NUJUˆ R'*J]V
(* R ;UNU!R^] T^RJ`]- ;X SVU' w.UNW "R^VX‰ V‡ TJVŠ

  
   
 _*J w.UNa‰ "<"Uˆ )_R‡ˆ ;XJF V*R‡ <;UVU)UJ ;X*Š
"X~]VW "<X'J^ ;*XJU; "<TUJ^* JUVUXU#U VU)‰JU
VX" <N*X*"‰W- N*V‰ "<VaR* <"NU' R ;XXUN^ "<'Š
)*R‰JUˆ V*;)Uˆ VUXUxJ* <UNRU"X*'*RRU "<'U' `*RVX*
U#XU'RU#U a^'RU#U #UXUN< ;Ux)^ˆ R!U)** RV*X*Š
RU* ;*X*x"R* SVU#U '*V-

ɭ ɮ

LJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖǗǘǒcǔǗǒǍNJǔǘ ǘcǍǚNJǗǒǠNJǟǙǝNjǕǒǡǗǘǍǘǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǘǍǘƮǘǖǒǔ nǚNJNjǘǜǥǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ~ ǗǘnjǛǏǐǏ


ǜǘǚǝǨnjǥǎǏǚǐǒǜǏnjcǚǝǔNJǟcǷǗǏǔNJǜNJǕǘǍǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǟ ǑNJǎǝǖNJǗǔNJǔWXYHMSǔNJǔǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩǗNJǟǘ ǗǏǗNJǎNJǡǏNJcnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏcǷǘǜǔǝǎNJ
ǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjƷNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǖǥǙǘǙǥǜNJǕǒǛǦǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjǏǛǦ ǎǩǣNJǩǛǩǗNJǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǙǝNjǕǒǡǗǘǍǘǙNJǚǔNJ ǒcǗǏǙǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǘǛǜǦǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǙǚǘ
ǛǙǏǔǜǚǒǎǏǓǒcǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǘnjǗNJǣǝǙǥnjNJǨǣǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ƻǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ ǗǏ ǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǏǛǩ ǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǒ ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘnjcnƶǒǔ
ǜǝǚǝǑNJnjǜǚNJǢǗǏǍǘǎǗǩƬcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǡǜǘǝǐǏǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘ njǗǝǜǚǒǖǘǍǝǜǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǜǦǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǗǘǒcǗNJ ǚǘǛǜǝǎǒǒ~ ǗǏǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘǏ ǘǜǘ
ǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǒNjǝǎǝǜǙǏǚǏǛǏǔNJǜǦǛǩNJcǍǚNJǗǒǠǥcǷ ǚǝǐǗǥǓǗNJNjǕǨǎNJǜǏǕǦǒǖǏǏǜnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦ ǙǕǏǗǒǏ Ǚǘǎ ǞNJǗǏǚǗǥǖ ǙǘǕǘǖ
ǛǖǏǣNJǜǦǛǩƸǗǒǝǐǏǛǜǒǚNJǨǜǛǩnjcǗNJǢǏǓǙǘnjǛǏǎǗǏnjǗǘǓ ǙǘǎǍǕǩǎǥnjNJǜǦǑNJǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǒǖǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǘǖ ǙǚǩǡǏǜǛǩǒǗǞǚNJǔǚNJǛǗǥǓǜǏǙǕǥǓ
ǐǒǑǗǒcǷǖǏǐǎǝǎǘǖǘǖǒcǘǞǒǛǘǖǚNJNjǘǜǘǓǒcǘǜǎǥǟǘǖ ƷǘNJnjǜǘǚǥǒǎǝǜǏǣǏǎNJǕǦ ǙǘǕǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǘǍǚǏnjNJǏǜǙǘǖǏ
ǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǒcnjǒǚǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǖǏǐǎǝǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖ ǢǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǩnjcǍǕǝNjǒǗǏǎǘǖǒǔNJǛǙNJǕǦ ǣǏǗǒǏǎNJǐǏǑǒǖǘǓƹǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏ
ǙǝNjǕǒǡǗǥǖǒcǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǥǖnƶǒǔǚǘǛǜǝǎǒǩ~cǷǘǜǕǒǡǗǥǓ ǗǨcǷǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏǖǘǐǏǜǒǖǏǗǘnjNJǜǦǛǩ ǘǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǏnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏǖ
ǒcǙǘǔNJǏǣǏǚǏǎǔǒǓ ǙǚǒǖǏǚǧǜǒǟǜǏǗǎǏǗǠǒǓNJcǗNJǕǒ ǛNJǖǘǓǧǔǛǍǒNjǒǠǒǘǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǓǒǑnjǛǏǟǗNJǕǒ ǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǩǏǜǖǏǗǏǏǘǎǗǘǍǘǔǒǕǘ
ǡǒǏǗNJǏǏNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǩǟǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǚNJǛ ǡǏǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǟnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏƿǘǜǩǞNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ njNJǜǜNJcǷǑǎNJǗǒǏǔNJǔǗǘǝǜNjǝǔǖǘǐ
ǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǏǏǔNJǔǐǒǕǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘƿǘǜǩǒcǘǡǏǗǦ ǘǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǙǚǒǙǚǩǜNJǗNJǘǜnjǗǏǢ ǗǘǙǘǎǔǕǨǡǒǜǦǔcǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘǓǚǘ
ǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǏ ǗǏǍǘǗNJNjǕǨǎNJǜǏǕǩǔNJǔǒcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚ ǑǏǜǔǏǙǚǒǙǘǖǘǣǒǢǜǏǙǛǏǕǩ
ƸǗNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǛǦ njcnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖǏ~ 66 ǛcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖnƶǒǔǚǘǛǜǝǎǒǨ~ǚǘǎǗǒǜ ǎǗǏnjǗǘǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏƲǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǒǜǚNJǐǛǎǏ ƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǎǘǖǒǖǏǏǜǗǏǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǓ
ǔNJǔǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǔNJǚǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǘnjǏǚǩǕǒǛǦǒcǘǜ ǖǘǜǒnjǛǙǕǘǢǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǒǖǏǨǣǏǍǘǙǚǒ ǕNJǗǒǑǛǖNJǚǜǛǜǏǔǕNJNjǕǘǔǒǚǝǨǣǏǍǘǝǕǦǜǚNJǞǒǘǕǏǜǘnjǘǏ ǔNJǚǔNJǛ NjNJǕǔǒcǷǒǑ0:0NjǚǝǛNJNJcǞNJǛNJǎǒcǔǚǥǢNJcǷǒǑ
ǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJǕǒǛǦǗǘnjǥǏǒǎǏǒǒcǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǑNJǔǘ ǧǜǘǖǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǓNJNjǚǒǛƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǧǔǛǍǒ ǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǒǏ njǏǗǜǒǕǩǠǒǨǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǨǜǎnjNJǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǟ ǜǏǚǖǘǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǒcǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǥǓǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜƹǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǙNJ
ǗǘǖǏǚǗǘ njǥǕǒǕǒǛǦ njc ǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǥǓ ǘNjǚNJǑ ƹǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǓ NjǒǠǒǘǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjcnƻǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ~ƾǒǕǒ ǘǔǘǢǔNJnjcNjǘǔǘnjǥǟǛǜǏǗNJǟ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǥǓǞNJǛNJ njǒǕǦǘǗNjǥǕǑNJǎǝǖNJǗǔNJǔnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜǘNjǥǡǗǥǓ
ǛǒǕǝǧǜ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ǎǘǖNJ Ǚǘǎ ǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓ ǔǚǘnjǕǏǓ ǙNJƮǐǘǗǛǘǗNJǒǕǒnjcnƮǘǖNJǟNjǏǑǛǜǏǗ~ǂǒǍǏǚǝƫNJǗNJƼǘ ǎǘǖǗNJǨǍǎǘǖǗǏǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǎǒǛǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǗǥǖǎǕǩǚNJNjǘ ǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜNJcnjǛǩǗNJǍǚǝǑǔNJǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗNJǗNJ
ǚNJǛǜǏǜnjnjǏǚǟǒǑNjǥnjNJǩǛnjǘǨǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǝǨǍǘǚǒǑǘǗ ǏǛǜǦǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦnjǥǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǗǒǩǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcNJǚǟǒ ǜǥƺNJNjǘǡǏǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘnjǥǛǘǔǘǏ Ǚǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǚǏǍǝǕǒǚǝǏǖǥǟǘǙǘǚǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǜǘǩǜǗNJǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǟNjǏ
ǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǒcǎǘǟǘǎǒǜǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǎǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǓǜǘǡǔǒ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjcǜǘǖǖǏǛǜǏnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǘǗNJǙǘǖǏǣǏ ǕNJǝǗǐǑǘǗNJǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǗǒǑǔNJǩ ƷNJǜǝǐǏnjǥǛǘǜǝ Ǚǘǡǜǒ ǜǘǗǗǥǟǙǕǒǜǔNJǟǘǛǜNJnjǢǒǟǛǩnjcǙNJǚǔǏǙǘǛǕǏǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔ
ƹǘǔǚNJǓǗǏǓǖǏǚǏǎǘǜǘǓǍǎǏǧǜǘǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏnjnjǏǚǟǏǣǏ ǗNJNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǙNJǚǔǏƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒǖǏǗǗǘ cǖǏǜǚǘnj njǘǑǗǘǛǩǜǛǩǛǜǏǕǕNJǐǒǞNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǛǦ ǠǒǒǎǘǚǘǐǏǔ ǟǘǚǘǢǏǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǎǕǩǙǘǛǜǛǘNjǩǗǒǗǛǔǘǓ
ǖǘǐǗǘǑNJǞǒǔǛǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖ njǙǚǘ ǖǏǛǜǘnjǥǑǥnjNJǏǜǍǘǚǩǡǏǏǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒǜǦǛǏNjǩǗNJ ǛǜǏǗNJǖǒcǷǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǩǖǗǘǍǘǑǗNJǡǗǘǛǜǦǎǘǖNJǍǎǏǘǔǗǘǏǛǜǦ ƶǘǛǔnjǥ ƬcǙǏǚnjǥǓǍǘǎnjcnƶǒǔǚǘǛǜǝǎǒǒ~ǙǚǘnjǘǎǒǕǒǛǦ
ǡǏǖǒcǧǜǘǜǛǜǏǔǕǘǙNJǔǏǜǎǘǕǍǘǗǒǔǜǘǗǏNjǚNJǕǛǩǒǑǍǘ ǧǜǘǓNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒǙǏǚǏǛǙNJǜǦǛcǍǘǚǘǎǘǖǙǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦ ǛǜǏǗNJ NJcǛǜǏǗNJcǷǘǔǗǘ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǜǏǕǕNJǐǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǏǣǏ ǎǏǜǛǔǒǏǖNJǛǜǏǚǔǕNJǛǛǥǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǘǗNJǐǒnjǏǜnjcǙNJǚǔǏǔNJǔ
ǜǘnjǒǜǦ LJǜǘǜnǛǚǏǑ~ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǎǘǖNJ ǏǍǘǗǘǡǗǘǏǎǥǟNJǗǒǏǏǍǘǡǝǜǦǝǛǙǘǔǘǒnjǢǒǓǛǩǙǝǕǦǛ ǒcǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǖǒǙǘǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǖǘǐǗǘǙǘǙNJǛǜǦǗNJNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦ njǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǓǧǔǛǙǘǗNJǜǗNJǜǏǖǝNjǕǒǑǔǘǍǘNjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘǍǎǏ
njcnjǒǜǚǒǗǝǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǗNJǜǏǖǝǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǒǗǏǙǚǘ ƹǚNJnjǎNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜǘǜǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ ƴnjǒǜǚNJǐǝnjǘnjǛǨǏǍǘǢǒǚǒǗǝǙǚǒ ǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǛǖǏǛǜǩǜǛǩ ǏǛǕǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǗǒǟ
ǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǒǛǜNJnjǒǜǛǩnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟNjǘǕǏǏǍǕǘNjNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǘǙǥǜNJ NJǔǜǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǏǗnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǎǘǖǑNJǜǘǡǏǗǙǘǎ ǖǥǔNJǏǜǚNJNjǘǡǒǓǛǜǘǕǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǩǒǛǔǘǖǘǏǛǡNJǛǜǦǏ ǗǏǗNJnjǏǛǩǜǑNJǖǔǒ 

224 
60.
t9<  
;XU*JVXU") SVUV NU' ;UU!U' "‡Š
_VRW- R_) RNU !‡)U XRxXUŠ


 
 
 
 "V‰ ;XU#X''^ "<N" SVx- ;UVU' #N*Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 & VU "‡R^V‰ J^U_*J #N*Š VU NU!"V‰ _VU!‡ w!*xV‰
U~^~*RW wV*R*RRUV <R* ;U"X*NV‰ N*X*"‰W-

 /  .
'*RRU !)#UNXW "*)JU)*;R‡' UR' XV^~'
     ) 7= >IL:KFELFJ R ^_VJ* NU' ;U)^_)W VJ' JJ' '‡ *#U "Š
  *(0 !" # N'- "xRU !‡)U ;X")‰RU UX#RwU"V‰ ;XUVXRŠ

(* V"U <TUX'^ UV)‰RU* NUN*)) 'V*X) <U)Š


R*_R‡ˆ "*V-

 

 

ɭ #

 N - J nǕǘnjǝǢǔNJ~cǷNjNJǕǔǘǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǜǝǜǗNJǑǥnjNJ
(# + <W   - ?>@> ǏǜǛǩnǛǘǕǩǚǒǏǖ~ǐNJǕǨǑǒǗǒǐǗǏǍǘǝǚǘnjǗǩǘǜǛǏǔNJǨǜǙǘ
ǛǜǘǚǘǗǗǒǏnjǑǍǕǩǎǥǗǘǙǚǘǙǝǛǔNJǨǜǛǘǕǗǠǏƪcǍǕNJnjǗǘǏ
ǡǜǘNjNJǕǔǘǗǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǛcǜǥǕNJcǷǒcǜǘǐǏǛǕǝǐǒǜ
ǙǚǘnjǘǎǗǒǔǘǖǛǘǕǗǠNJǝǐǏnjcǑǘǗǝǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓƲcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǏ
ǛǡNJǛǜǦǏcǷǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnnjNJǗǗNJǩǛcǘǔ
Ǘǘǖ~ǘcǡǏǖnjǛǏǖǏǡǜNJǨǜNJcnjNJǗǗNJǩǛcǘǔǗǘǖnjǘnjǛǨǛǜǏǗǝ
ƻǜǏǗǥǝcnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǗǥǏǒǑǗǏǏ
ǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǓǜǒǝǐǏǗNJǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
ǛǜnjǘcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǔǘǜǘǚǘǓnjǜǘǚǒǜǜNJǔNJǩǐǏǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩǜǏǚ
ǚNJǛNJnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJƮNJƺǘǛǛǒǩǎNJǑǒǖNJnƮNJǚNJǑnjǏ
ǖǘǍǝǜǎǏǜǒǨǍNJƭǎǏǚǘǑǥNjǕǏǣǝǜnjcǎǏǔNJNjǚǏȁƿǘǜǦ
ǗNJǖǒǗǝǜǝǎǘǍNJǎNJǜǦǛǩǁǜǘǑǗNJǡǒǜǎǝǖNJǜǦǘcnjǏǛǗǏȁ~
ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǔcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǑǒǖǏnjǏǕǒǔǘǕǏǙǗǘǙǚǒǛǙǘǛǘNjǕǏǗ
njǟǘǎǘǗǗǏnjǥǎnjǒǗǝǜǗNJǚǝǐǝǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǖNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
ǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǝǜǘǙǕǏǗnjcǜǏǕǘǎǘǖNJƲcǧǜǘǏǣǏǘǎǗNJǒǗ
ǗǘnjNJǠǒǩcǷNJǗǜǒǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǘǗǘǐǏǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǏǛǏǗǒƴǚǥǢNJ
ǜǘǐǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǚǝǛǛǔNJǩcǷǗNJǎnjNJǛǔNJǜNJƹǚNJnjǎNJǜNJǔǘǓǘǗNJ
ƹǚǏǖǒǩƪƺƿƲ;33(ǏǐǏǍǘǎǗǘnjǥNjǒǚNJǏǜǕǝǡǢǒǏǎǏ ǛnjǘǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǛǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩ ǒcǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩcǷnƵǨǎǒǑNJǑNJNjǘǚǘǖ~ ƷǘǑNJNjǘǚǖǏǢNJǏǜ ǛǜNJǕNJǒǛǔǕǨǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǗǒǨǟǘǑǩǓǔǒƮNJǓǗǘnjǝ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩƺǘǛǛǒǒƹǚǒǧǜǘǖLJǔǛǙǏǚǜǗǥǓ ǛcǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǘǖ ǝǎNJǕǘǛǦǎNJǐǏǘǑǏǕǏǗǒǜǦǔǚǘnjǕǨ ǒcǔNJ ǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝ ǏǛǕǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjcǏǍǘǚNJǛǙǘǚǩǐǏǗǒǒǗǏ ǐǏǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦNjǘǕǏǏǝǖǏǛǜǗǘǓǙǕǘǛǔNJǩǒcǛcǕǒǗǒǩǖǒǘNj
ǛǘnjǏǜǙǚǏǖǒǒnjǛǩǡǏǛǔǒǚNJǎǏǏǜǘcǚNJǛǢǒǚǏǗǒǒǍǏǘǍǚNJ ǐǏǜǛǩǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǟǘǕǖǒǔǘǖnjcǛǜnjǘǚǏ ǙNJǚNJǎǚǝǍNJǩǍǏǔǜNJǚǘnj ǗǏǑǗNJǩǡǜǘǛcǗǒǖǎǏǕNJǜǦǖǗǘ ǕǒǠǘnjǔǒǕǝǡǢǏNjǥǛǘǡǏǜNJǕNJǛǦǒcǎǘǖNjǥǕNjǥǡǏǛǜǗǏǏ
ǞǒǒǙǚǏǖǒǒǒcnjǥǩnjǕǏǗǒǒǗǘnjǥǟǒǖǏǗǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjcǢǘǚǜ NjǝǕǦnjNJǚNJƻcǙǏǚnjǥǖǡNJǛǜǗǥǖǎǘǖǘǖƮNJǓǗǘnjNJǙǘǟǘǐNJǩ ǍǒǏǙǚǒǐǒǖNJǨǜǎǘǖǔcǗǏǖǝNJcǙǘǚǘǓǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǏǍǘ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖ ǏǛǕǒ ǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǜǦ Ǚǘǎ
ǕǒǛǜǏǙǚǏǖǒǒǜNJǔǘnjǥǟnjǛǏǍǎNJǖǗǘǍǘƪcnjǘǜǝǐǏǐǨǚǒ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǩƸǗǜǘǐǏǗǒǔǘǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǒǑǘNjǚNJǐNJǏǜǒǑ njcǡNJǛǜǦǎǘǖNJƬcǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏƮNJǓǗǘnjǝǙǘnjǏǑǕǘǘǛǜNJnjNJ ǡǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǦǨ ǜǘ ǔc ǡǏǖǝ ǙǚǒǑǥnjNJǕǒ ǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǛǜǥ
njǥNjǒǚNJǨǣǏǏǒǑǢǘǚǜǕǒǛǜNJǙǘNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǏǓǛǝǎǒǜǙǘ ǛǏNjǩnNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ~ƷǏǙǥǜNJǏǜǛǩǝǎǒnjǒǜǦǗǒǚNJǑǖǏǚǘǖ ǕǘǛǦǎǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩǛcǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǖǒǒcǛǘǕǗǠǏǖƹǏǚnjǥǏǝǎNJ ǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǏǞǘǚǖǥǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒcǷǞǘǚǖǏ
ǍNJǖNjǝǚǍǛǔǘǖǝ ǛǡǏǜǝ ǗǏ ǎǏǕNJǩ Ǜǔǒǎǘǔ Ǘǒ ǗNJ ǖǘǕǘ ǘǡǏǗǦǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǖ ǗǒǞǘǚǖNJǖǒ ǙǚǘǛǜǥǖǒ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǕǘǛǦǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦcǷǙǚǒǡǏǖnjǛǏnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǩNjǕǘǗǨƼǏǙǏǚǦ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJcǷǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǜǘǜǝǜnjǛǏnjcǙǘǕǗǘǖǙǘ
ǎǘǛǜǦ Ǘǒ ǗNJ nǍǕǝNjǒǗǔǝ~ Ƭc ǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏ ǙǏǚnjǥǏ Ǎǘǎǥ njǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǝǎǒnjǕǩǏǜƼǏǖǗNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǡǗǘǘǗnjǛǜǚǘǏǗ ǖǘǐǗǘǛǒǎǏǜǦǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǏnǔNJǛNJǩǛǦǙǚǒǡǏǛǔNJǖǒnjǏǜnjǏǓ~ ǚǩǎǔǏƮǘǖǟǘǜǦǒcǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǖǘǗǘǕǒǜǗǘǖǚǘǛǜnjǏǚǔǏǗǘ
ǕNJǝǚǏNJǜNJǖǒǙǚǏǖǒǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǒǛǦǛǙǕǘǢǦǖǘǛǔnjǒǡǒ njcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦcǷnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǒcǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏǛǘǕǗǠNJǒcǚNJǛǙǘ ƪcǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǑNJnjǕNJǎǏǜǦǛǔǝǙǥǖǩǚǘǛǕNJnjǛǔǒǖǛǘǕǗ ǔNJǚǔNJǛǏǍǘcǷǒǑǎǘǛǔǒǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǒǛǙǘǕǦ
ǒcǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǛǏǗǛNJǠǒǏǓǛǜNJǕNJǙǘNjǏǎNJnjccǍǘǎǝ ǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǛǘǛǏǗǒcǎNJǐǏnjǑNJǒǖǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǛcǛǘǛǏǎǩǖǒ ǠǏǖƮNJǓǗǘnjǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǏnǛnjǏǜǘǝǕǘnjǒǜǏǕǒ~ ǑǘnjNJǗNJǒcǔNJǔǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǎǕǩǗNJǚǝǐǗǘǓǘǜǎǏǕǔǒǒcǎǕǩ
ƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǩƮNJǓǗǘnjNJcǷǗǒǔǘǖǝǗǏǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǍǘǖǘǕǘǎǘǍǘ ƻǘǛǏǎǏǓǔNJǔǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǒǑǙǏǛǗǒƱǏǖ ƲǑǗǒǟǛNJǖǥǖǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǘǗǗǥǖǛǜNJǕNJ ǙǘǕǘnjǒcǎǕǩǙǘǜǘǕǔǘnjLJǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǛǘǘNj
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǒǑljǚǘǛǕNJnjǕǩ ǞǒǚǥǖǘǐǗǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǝNjǒǜǦcǷǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǟǘǑǩǒǗǝǝǎNJǕǘǛǦ njǏǚNJǗǎNJƯǛǕǒǘNjǥǡǗǘǧǜǘǛNJǖǘǠǏǗǗǘǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏ ǣNJǏǜǎǘǖǝǏǣǏNjǘǕǦǢǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǗǏǙǘǚǜǩǜ
ƹǘǜǘǖǙǚNJnjǎNJnjǥǩǛǗǒǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǧǜǘ ǛcǗǒǖǒǑNJǚNJǗǏǏǎǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩǗǏnjǘǑnjǘǎǒǜǦǑNJNjǘǚǥnjǘ ǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǘǏǗǘnjǛǏǐǏǒǖǏǨǣǏǏǗǒǐǗǒǖǝǚǘnj ǒǖǙǘǚǜǗǥǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥcǷǗǒǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǦǗǒǍǒǙǛǘnjǘǕǘ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘǘǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcljǚǘǛǕNJnjǕǏǙǏǚnjǘǏǑNJǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜ ǔǚǝǍǛnjǘǒǟǎǘǖǘnjƪcǗǒǡǜǘǜNJǔǗǏǙǘǚǜǒǜǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǝǨǛǝ ǗǏǖǛǜǏǗǥǜǘǑǎǏǛǦcǷǘǔǗNJǘǜǙǘǕNJǎǘǙǘǜǘǕǔNJƻǘǕǗ ǔǘǗǗǥǏǕǒǛǜǥ njǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǏǛǜǏǗǥ ǗǒǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘ
ǛǔǒǏǍǘǎǥǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏcǷǔNJǞǏnƭǘǚǔNJ~   NjǝǚNjǒǨǔNJǔǧǜǒǡǏǚǜǘnjǥǑNJNjǘǚǥ ǘǎǗNJǒǑǕǝǡǢǒǟǔǗǒǍ ǠǏǙǚǘNjǒnjNJǏǜǏǏǗNJǛǔnjǘǑǦǒcǘǗNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnǕǘ ǛǜǚǝǐǏǡǗNJǩǙǕǒǜNJ ǗNJǚǝǐǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥ ǗǒǘǠǒǗǔǘnjNJǗǗǥǏ
ƱNJǖǏǡNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǐǏǘǗǘǜǏǖǡǜǘǗǒǔNJǔǗǏnjǥǙǩǡǒnjNJǏǜ ǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǙǚǘǒǑǘǢǕǘǛcǗNJǖǒǑNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǏǕǏǜǜNJǔ njǒǜ~ǛnjǏǜǒcǙǏǚǏǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǏǍǘnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨƮǚǝǍNJǩnjNJǐǗNJǩ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǏǕǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǔǚǏǙǕǩǨǜǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǔNJǚǔNJǛNJ

226 
61.
J
 &


 &
SVU !‡) Ra ;*X"‡ˆ


 
   'UVUWV*)‰R‡ˆ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

 
 & 

 & ;XU*JV NU' <"*‰ ;XU`* *#U ;XU*JVXU"Š
RW <X*)w` !‡) ;XU;VR '*‰] 'UŠ

   &
^"*X*RRUV <VX.- Nx* ^N"V*)‰RU _VU
     ) RE >FERKEI "U "R*aRUV NU' ;*_V‰ SVU#U U"*Xa*RRU
  -- !" # UV^VV"^*V-

(*

 )
 


ɭ
ǙǘǎǛǔǘǢǏǗǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓǝcnjǥǜǩǗǝnjǢǒǟǛǩǕǏǗǜǘǓǘǔǘǗ
ƹǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǚNJNjǘǡNJǩǑǘǗNJnjcǘǞǒǛǏNjǏǑǘnjǛǩǔǘǍǘǛǨǛǨ
ǔNJǗǦǩǜǘǏǛǜǦǗNJnjǥǚǘǛǜǔNJǔǎǏǜǒǒcǕǨNjǩǜƬǙǚǘǡǏǖ
ǘǗǒǝǐǏǒcǜǏǙǏǚǦǡǝnjǛǜnjǝǨǜǛǏNjǩǙǘǕǗǘǙǚNJnjǗǥǖǒǛǘ
NJnjǜǘǚNJǖǒǎǘǖNJǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǠǏǕǥǓǎǏǗǦǚǒǛǘnjNJǕǒǘǚǒ
ǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜǗNJǛǜǏǗǏǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓ ǞǕǘǖNJǛǜǏǚǘǖ
ǙǘǔǚNJǢǏǗǘǖǝǍǒǙǛǘǔNJǚǜǘǗǝ 
ƲǏǛǕǒNjǥǗǏǎǏǜǛǔǒǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǧǜǘǍǘ
nǘǞǒǛNJ~ǏǍǘnjǙǘǕǗǏǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǙǚǒǗǩǜǦǑNJǖNJǛǜǏǚ
ǛǔǝǨƪǕnjNJǚNJƪNJǕǜǘǑNJǕǒǜǘǏǛnjǏǜǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǘǔǗNJ
njcǛNJǎǙǚǘǛǜǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǚNJǖǥǜNJǔǒǏǐǏǛǜǘǕǥǒcǛǜǝ
ǕǦǩƲcnjǛǏǧǜǘcǷǗNJNjǏǕǘǖǞǘǗǏǛǜǏǗƹǘǡǜǒǜNJǔǘǏǐǏǚNJ
NjǘǡǏǏǖǏǛǜǘǘNjǘǚǝǎǘnjNJǕǛǏNjǏnjǏǕǒǔǒǓǞǒǗǛǔǒǓǑǘǎǡǒǓ
njcǔNJǐǎǘǓǒǑǛnjǘǒǟǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǒǟƲcǎNJǐǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǝǍǕǘ
njǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏcǷǔNJǔnjcǏǍǘǙǏǚnjǘǓǟǏǕǦǛǒǗǔǛǔǘǓǖNJǛǜǏǚ
ƬǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǏǛǜǦǎǘǖNJǒcNjǘǕǦǢǏǓǧǜNJǐǗǘǛǜǒǒcNjǘǕǏǏ ǛǔǘǓ  ƻcǧǜǒǖǑǎNJǗǒǏǖǗNJǢǎǘǖǚǘǎǗǒǜǒcnjǗǏǢǗǒǓ
njǥǛǘǔǒǏǗǘǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǘǖǕǘǍǒǡǗǏǏnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǒǖǏǗ ǘNjǕǒǔǘǗǜNJǔǘǓǐǏNjǏǕǥǓǜNJǔNJǩǐǏnjǥǜǩǗǝǜNJǩǙǚǒǑǖNJ
ǗǘǧǜǘǜƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǝcǗǏǍǘǛNJǖǘǏǧǔǛǜǚǏ ǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǠnjǏǜǘnjǘǏǙǩǜǗǘcǷǘǚNJǗǐǏnjǥǓǙǚǩǖǘǝ
ǖNJǕǦǗǘǏǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǏnjǥǛǘǜǥǔcǙǕǘǣNJǎǒNJcnjǘnjǜǘǚǥǟ ǍǘǕǦǗǒǔnjǟǘǎNJ ǝcƪNJǕǜǘcǷǎnjǏǚǦnjǘǎnjǘǚ ƹǚNJnjǎNJǏǍǘ
ǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǕǘǍǒǔNJǏǍǘǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNj ǎǘǖǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǓǗǘǙǘNjǏǕǏǗǘǗǜNJǔǡǜǘNjǥNjǥǕNJnjǒǎǗNJ
ǗNJǩƮǘǚǘǍNJǩǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗNJǩǑǏǖǕǩ ƺǝNjǕǏnjǘƽǛǙǏǗǛǔǘǏ ɭ     - N P njcǝǎǘNjǛǜnjǏǎǏǜǛǔǘǓǕǏǛǏǗǔǒNJnjǜǘǚǥnjǗNJǡNJǕǏǛǎǏǕNJǕǒ ǞNJǔǜǝǚNJǔǒǚǙǒǡNJcǷnjǘǜǒcǎǘǖnjcƵNJǙǒǗǘǙǘǔǚNJǢǏǗǜNJǔ
ǢǘǛǛǏ ǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗcǷǛǘǛǏǎǛǔǒǏǑNJNjǘǚǥǒcǛǜNJǚǥǏ  <. 

- ǖNJǔǏǜnjcǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǝǨnjǏǕǒǡǒǗǝ nǍǝǛǒǗǥǓǢNJǍ~ǜǚNJǎǒ ǡǜǘnjǒǎǗNJǒcǔNJǐǎNJǩǎǘǛǘǡǔNJǒcǎNJǐǏǣǏǕǒǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒ
ǕǒǙǥnjǙǕǘǜǗǝǨǔcǝǡNJǛǜǔǝcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǟcǍǘ 1936 ǠǒǘǗǗǘǛǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǗǏǝǎǘNjǗǥǖ cǷǒcǜǘǕǦǔǘǔǘǍǎNJǎǏǜǒǏǍǘ ƬǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǘǗǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘ
ǎǘnjǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐNJǣǒǓǚǘǎǒǜǏǕǩǖǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJƹǩǜǗǘǙǘǎ ǝǜnjǏǚǎǒǕǒǙǚǒǛǜǝǙǒǕǒǔcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝƮǕǩNjǏǑǘǙNJǛ ǗǏǑǎǏǢǗǒǖǗǘǔNJǔǒcǝcƪNJǕǜǘnjǛǏǏǍǘǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǛǜǒcǷ
ǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝcǷnjǛǏǍǘǔnjǖLJǜNJǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǩǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗ ǗǘǛǜǒǗNJǗǏǓNjǥǕǒǛǚǏǑNJǗǥnjǛǏǘǛǜǚǥǏǝǍǕǥNJcǛǚǏǑǥ ǗǏNJnjǜǘǚǛǔNJǩǐǏǛǜǒǔǝǕǩǠǒǩNJcǘǜnjǏǜǗNJnjnjǘǎǗǥǏƱNJǜǏǛ
ǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǥǜǘǕǔǗǝǕNJǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖnjnjǏǚǟcǷ njǥǔǚNJǢǏǗǥnjcǐǏǕǜǥǓǠnjǏǜ ǗǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕNJnjǥǜǩǗǝǜǘǛǜǦǎǘǖNJnjnjǏǚǟ
nnjǥǎNJnjǒǕNJ~ǔNJǔǙǒǛNJǕƺǏǖƴǘǕǟNJǛǘcǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǒǗǦǨ ƮǏǜǒ NJcǒǟǜǝǜǜǚǘǏ njǘǘNjǣǏǍǕNJnjǗǥǏ ǙǘǒǛǔǕǝǡǢǒǟnjǒǎǘnjcǷnjǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǓǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǗǥǏǘǔǗNJ
ǓǘǚǔǛǔǘǍǘǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjNJ ǍǏǚǘǒǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǏǛǕǒǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖ ǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǓNjǨǎǐǏǜ ǏnjǚǘǗNJnjǛǏnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǘǜǎǏǕ
ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǎǕǒǗǗNJǩǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǎǘǖNJǗǏ ǧǜNJǐǏ njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜnjǙǘǕǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘ ǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǘǗNJ ǔǝǒcǖǏNjǏǕǦ cǷNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJcǑǎǘǚǘnjǥǓ
ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǏǜǒǚǝǏǜǧǜǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǗǘǘǔNJǑǥ ǘǡǏǗǦ ǖNJǕǏǗǦǔNJǩ  ǜǘ ǎǏǜǛǔǘǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ njǜǘǚǘ ǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǑǖcǷǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔNJǔǘǓǕǒNjǘǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǓǑNJ
njNJǩǛǦnjǗǝǜǚǒǜǥǘǛǜǚǘǘǣǝǣNJǏǢǦǝǑǘǛǜǦǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ Ǎǘ ǧǜNJǐNJc Ƿ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ Ǚǒǚ ǎǝǟNJ ƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟ ǘǗǘ NjǘǜǥǘcǞNJǛNJǎǏƺNJǑnjǏǡǜǘNjǏǕǥǓǠnjǏǜǖǘǐǗǘǛǡǒǜNJǜǦǐǏ
ƽǑǔǒǏǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǥǝǑǔǒǏǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǝǑǔǒǏǎǏǜǛǔǒǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒ ǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗǘǏ njcǗǏǍǘǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǚNJNjǘǡNJǩǑǘǗNJǜǚǏǜǦǏǍǘ ǛǜǘǖƪNJǕǜǘǏǍǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǘǡǏǗǦǕǨNjǒǕ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘnjcǙǘǑǎ
ǗǏǙǘǕǗǥǟcǖǏǜǚNJǔNJǔnjcǔǝǙǏ ƷǘǜǏǖǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏǔNJǔ ǧǜNJǐNJ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǗǏǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǑǘǗNJnjǑǚǘǛǕǥǟ ǔNJǔǘNjǥǡ ǗǒǓǛnjǘǓǙǏǚǒǘǎ ǗǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥNjǘǚǨǜǛǩǛcǧǜǘǓǝǑǘǛǜǦǨNJcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ ǗǘNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǏǜǛǔNJǩǑǘǗNJǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǒǘǚǒǜǏǜ ǘǗǙǘǡǜǒǗǏnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǏǜǛǩǝǖǏǗǦǢNJǜǦǗNJǍǚǏnjǛǜǏǗnjǚǘǎǏ
ǙǚǒǔNJǐǎǘǖǝǎǘNjǗǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǩǨǜǛǩnjnjǏǚǟcǷ ǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǛnjǏǜNJǒcnjǘǑǎǝǟNJƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǏ ǔNJǔǗǏǑNJǡǏǖǎNJǒcǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǡNJǣǏǙǚǏǎǙǘǡǒǜNJǏǜnǗǏǖNJǚ
ǔNJǔnjǘǎNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǒǣǏǜǛǏNjǏǎǘǚǘǍǝƲcǏǛǕǒNJǛǛǘǠǒ ǠnjǏǜǘnjǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǛǜǏǗǥNjǏǕǥǏǙǘǕǥǡǏǚǗǥǏǛǙNJǕǦ ǔǘǏ~ƷǘNjǏǕǥǓǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǏǒcǧǕǏ
NJǠǒǩǛcǔǝǙǏǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǑNJǡǜǏǗNJǔNJǔǝNjNJǨǔǒnjNJǨǣǒǓ ǗǒǑǏǕǏǗǥǏƬǜǚǏǜǦǒǟǧǜǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǛǦnjcǚǩǎ ǍNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǒǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƴNJǔǔǛǜNJǜǒǒcǖǏNjǏǕǦcǷǙǚNJǔǜǒ
ǜǚǨǔ ǔNJǐǎǝǨǗǘǡǦcǷnjcǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǏ ǜǘǛcǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǓ njǎǘǕǦǒǍǚǘnjǘǓǑǘǗǥǜǘǏǛǜǦǝcǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǛnjǘǩǗǘǢNJǍ ǡǏǛǔǒnjǛǩnjǛǜǚǘǏǗǗNJǩǒcǛǎǏǕNJǗǗNJǩǗNJǑNJǔNJǑ
ǝǐǏǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦǎǏǕNJǩǏǏnǍǝǛǒǗǥǖǢNJǍǘǖ~ njǙǏǚǏǎcǷǒcǜǥnjcǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǒnjǏƷǘǛNJǖǘǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏcǷ ƪǍǚNJǞǒǜǗǘǍǘǜǘǗNJǛǜǏǕǕNJǐǎǕǩǔǗǒǍ
ƵǏǛǜǗǒǠǜǝǜNjǘǕǦǢǏǡǏǖnjcǘNjǥǡǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǔNJǔǒcǙǘǕNJ ǧǜǘǖǏǛǜǘnǎǕǩǙǚǒǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩǝǚǘǔǘnj~ ǔNJǔǎǘǛǒǟǙǘǚ ƴǘǕǡǒǗǛǎǏǕNJǕǒcnjǘnjǛǏǛnjǘǒǖǒǚǝǔNJǖǒcǷǒcǗǏǒǑǡǏǍǘ
ǍNJǏǜǛǩǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǝ ǠǏǕǥǟǎnjǏǁǜǘNjǥNjǥǜǦǝnjǏǚǏǗǗǥǖǒ ǙǒǢǝǜnjcǢǔǘǕNJǟ ƸǗǘǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǒǕǘǛǦǗNJǛNJǖǘǖnjǏǚǟǝ ǗǒNjǝǎǦNJcǒǑǔǗǒǍǐǏƼNJǔǘǓnjǘǜI\PMFVMWǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǥǓ

228 
62.
L0   

NU' ;U)^_)W U_*R‰ N^a*"R‡ˆ- "xRU
_VU "*JVUX V"UX_*JU#U ;XU`* U;X*Š

 


$   N*)) R* VU)‰JU "R*aR* TJVUX‡ RU
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


  
  VJx* <"R^VX*RR*- "U 'R* "w‡#X) JJUˆŠ VU #*R wŠ
N")*RR‡ˆ <w'^_*RR‡ˆ "‡;U)w <Jw)F W<;U'Š
     


R] JJ !!^aJ <;X!!^aJ x) "<'*R-


  6% !" #
(*

 
 3 

ɮ ɯ
ƸǙǒǛǥnjNJǩǙǝǜǏnjǘǓǎnjǘǚǏǠƹǏǜǚNJ-njcƻǜǚǏǕǦǗǏcǷ ɭ R
  !  - ǗǏǎǘNjǏǚǏǜǛǩǎNJǐǏǏǛǕǒǑNJǟǘǡǏǜƷNJǧǜǘǖǙǏǡNJǕǦǗǘǖ ǙǘǢǏǕǎǚǝǍǒǖǙǝǜǏǖǖǘǐǗǘǎNJǐǏǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǘNjǚNJǜǗǥǖ
ǛNJǖǥǓǛǜNJǚǥǓǒǑǎǘǢǏǎǢǒǟǎǘǗNJǛǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ! <R
   ǞǘǗǏ ǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǏ ǔc Ǘǘnjǥǖ ǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǖ njc ǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǖ ǟǘǜǩǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǎǘǕǍǘǛǘǖǗǏnjNJǕǛǩNjǚNJǜǦǛǩǕǒnjǘǘNjǣǏ
ǒǖǙǏǚNJǜǘǚǛǔǒǟǎnjǘǚǠǘnj  cǷǒǛǜǘǚǒǔƬǕNJǎǒ   - ?>>H ǎǝǟǏǍǘǚNJǑǎǘNjǘǕǏǏǛǙǘǔǘǓǗǘǏǡǏǖǔcǙǛǏnjǎǘǔǕNJǛǛǒ ǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǚǏǢǒǕnjǛǏǐǏǜǚǩǟǗǝǜǦǛǜNJǚǒǗǘǓ ƷǏǒǛǙǘǕǦ
ǖǒǚƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓǙǒǢǏǜnƫNJǕǨǛǜǚNJǎNJǖǏǐǎǝǏǍǘ ɮ ;    ;<O ǔǏnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏƶǘǛǔnjǥƾǏǓǔǘnjNJǩǛǜNJǚǒǗNJnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏnjǚǏǜ ǑǝǩNJǚǛǏǗNJǕǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǗǏǙǚǒǖǏǗǩǩǗǘnjǏǓ
ǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒǎǏǕNJǏǜǙǘǚǜǒǔǙǘǟǘǐǒǖǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ < - @Q@H ǗNJǖǒcǙǚǘǛǏNjǩǒcǙǚǘǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǝǨǛǚǏǎǝǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǢǒǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǗǏǚNJǑǍǘǗǩǩǘǚǎǏǚǗNJǡǏǜǥǚǏǧǜNJǐNJ
ǘǜǔǝǎNJǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǏnjǘǛǟǘǎǗǥǓnjǒǎǗNJƾǒǗǛǔǒǓ ɯ ^ ;  % 
ǍǕNJǍǘǕǏǜǒǛǜǒǗǝǙǚǘǜNJǓǗǘǏǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǘnjǑNJ ǘǗǛǘǑǎNJǕǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘNJǝǜǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǓNjNJǚǛǔǒǓǎǘǖNJcǗNJ
ǑNJǕǒnj~ƽcǧǜǘǍǘǙǘǚǜǒǔNJǏǛǜǦǘǎǗNJǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ '    ǛǔǘǡǒǜǦǑNJǓǠǏǖnjcǙNJǚǘnjǘǑǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƲǕǒǙǚǘNJǖNjǒǠǒǒ ǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǕnjǛǏǜǚǘǍNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǏǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ
ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǒǍǎǏnjcǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǏǗǏnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǏǜ njǕNJǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǜNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǏNjǏǛǘǕǒǎ ǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǥǏǎǕǩǙǚǘnjǒǗǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑǖNJƴǘǜǘ
ǛǩcǷǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔǘǕǘǗǗǗNJǝǍǕNJǟƷǘǎnjǘǚǏǠǜNJǔ ǗǘǛǜǒƬcǐNJǗǚǏǐǏǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǗǒǔǜǘ ǚǥǏǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǙǚǒǎNJǨǜǏǍǘǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǖǢǏǎǏnjǚNJǖ
ǡNJǛǜǘǙǏǚǏǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǕǛǩǡǜǘǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǛcǔǘǍǘǑNJ ǒcǗǒǡǜǘǗǏǖǏǢNJǏǜǟǘǑǩǒǗǝǕǏǕǏǩǜǦǖǏǡǜǝǘcnNjNJǚǛǔǘǖ ǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǏǘNjNJǩǗǒǏƲcǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǜǝǜNJǙǙǏǜǒǜǗǘǙǚǒ
ǧǜǘǒcǛǙǚǘǛǒǜǦǗǏǜǘǛcƺNJǛǜǚǏǕǕǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǏǚǏ ǎǘǖǏǛcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒ~NJcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝcǷǛcǕǏǍǔǘǓǒǚǘǗǒ ǑǏǖǒǛǜǥǒcǙǒǕǩǛǜǚǥǍǚǝNjǘnjNJǜǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǒcǗNJǕǒǡǗǒ
ǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǕǗǏǜǘǛcƵǏNjǕǘǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJǡǒǗNJǕǗǏ ǏǓnjcǧǜǘǖǝǙǚNJǐǗǩǜǦǛǩƽcǧǜǘǓǒǚǘǗǒǒǖǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǡǒǗ ǔǒǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǝǢǗǥȁƷǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǚNJNjǘǜǗǒǡǝǜǦǗǏǟǝǐǏ
ǜǘǛcǛNJǖǘǍǘƹǏǜǚNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJǧǜǘǓǛǜǚǘǓǔǏnjǏǕǛǏNjǩ ǘǎǗNJǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǩcǷǙǘǕǝǠǒǚǔǝǕǦǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǚǒ ǗǏǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǏǎǝǟǝnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǗǏǕǏǙǥǏNJǖNjǒǠǒǒǑNJ ǡǏǖnjcnjǘǛǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǗǘǖƶǒǟNJǓǕǘnjǛǔǘǖ
ǔNJǔǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǞǚǒǔnƮǏǕNJǜǦnjǛǏǙǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǝ ǧǜǘǖǖǘǐǏǜǗǏǕǘnjǔǘǙNJǚǒǜǦnjcǙǝǛǜǘǜǏ ǔNJǔnjcǞNJǖǒǕǦǗǘǓ ǔNJǑǡǒǔNJ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩ NjǏǛǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǗǘǛǜǦ  Ǘǘ ǝǎǒnjǒ ƭǕNJnjǗǘǏ ǎNJǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏ ǝǔǚNJǢǏ
ƵǏNjǕǘǗǘnjǝcǷǙǒǢǏǜǘǗƶǏǗǢǒǔǘnjǝǒǑǑNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǥcǷ ǝǛNJǎǦNjǏƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƸǛǜǚǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǃǏǕǥǔǘnjǘ NJcǖǘǐǏǜ ǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǘnjǛǩǔǒǓǚNJǑǛǖǩǍǡNJǏǜǏǏƷǏ ǗǒǏǎǘǖNJcǷǙNJǚNJǎǗǥǓǙǘǚǜǒǔǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǗNJǑNJǎǗǏǖǞNJ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǍǘǚǔǏǍǎǏǘǗǖNJǕǥǓǎǘǖǗNJǑǗNJǡǒǕǗǒǡǏǍǘ ǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜNjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǘǙǒǚNJǜǦǛǩǒcǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǙǏǚnjǘǍǘ ǎNJǚǘǖƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǕǨNjǒǜǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǜǦnƷǏǑǗNJǏǜǏ ǛNJǎǏǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǗǘǝǐǏǛcǙǏǓǑNJǐǏǖǛNjǏǍNJǨǣǒǖ
ǗǏǎǏǕNJǜǦǎǘǖǏǗǩǒcǘǗǝǨǗǒǡǏǖǗǏǜǚǘǍNJǜǦ~ƪcnjǘǜǘǜ ǧǜNJǐNJǒcǗNJNjNJǕǔǘǗnjǜǘǚǘǍǘ ǔNJǔnjcǎǘǖǏnjcƺNJǗǏǗNjǝǚǍǏ  njcǔNJǔǘǖǛǜǒǕǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ#ƻǜǚǘǓǜǏǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJƹǕǘǟǘnjǛǏ ǔcǚǏǔǏƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǜǝǜƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǝǐǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜnjǥǛǜǝ
ǖǏǡǏǗǗǘǏƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǖǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǙǘǚǜǒǔNJnjcǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ ƬǛǏǧǜǒǜǘǗǔǘǛǜǒNjǥǕǘNjǥǜNJǔǙǚǒǩǜǗǘǛǖNJǔǘnjNJǜǦǏǛǕǒ ǚNJnjǗǘǗǏǙǘǕǝǡǒǜǛǩ~ƲcǛNJǖǐǏǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǗNJǒNjǘǕǏǏǩǚ ǙNJǏǜǔNJǔǙǏǚǞǏǔǠǒǘǗǒǛǜǗǏǑNJNjǥnjNJǏǜǙǘǎǙǏǚǏǜǦǝǍǘǕ
ǛǜNJǕǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǡǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǗǥǖǩnjǕǏǗǒ NjǥǗǏǑǗNJǜǦǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǡǜǘǙǝǜǏnjǘǓǎnjǘǚǏǠcǷǗǘnjǘǎǏǕ ǔǒǓǘNjǚNJǑǏǠǒǚǘǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǔǕNJǛǛǒǔǒcǷǎǘǖǧǕǕǒǗǍ 12 ǔǘǕǘǗǗǘǓǗǏnjǥnjǏǢǒnjNJǏǜǙǘǕǝǠǒǚǔǝǕǦǗǘǏǘǔǗǘnjcǙǝ
ǏǖnjcǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǚǝǛǒǞǒǔNJǠǒǒǒcǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǒǩǔǕNJǛǛǒ ǟǘǜǩǒcǘǡǏǗǦǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǘǜǎǘǖNJnjcƺNJǗǏǗNjǝǚǍǏǘǛǜNJ njcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~   ǛǜǘǜǝƺǒǛǝǗǘǔǕǨǔNJǚǗǚǒǞǖǝǏǜǛǩǛcǙǘǕǝǠǒǚǔǝǕǦǗǥǖ
ǡǏǛǔǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǑNJǡǏǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǕǒǛǦǚǘǐǔǒǎNJǗǘǐǔǒ ǎNJǖǏǖǘǚǒNJǕǦǗNJǩǎǘǛǔNJnjcǡǏǛǜǦ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǜǘǐǏǡNJǛǜǘǙǘǑnjǘ ǘǔǗǘǖǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǜǘǡǗǘǝǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜNJǎǚǏǛǙǚǘ
ǙǘǚǜǒǔǏǛǕǒǗNJǗǏǖǡNJǓǗǏǙǒǜǦ# NJnjǜǘǚNJǙǏǛǗǒnƻǖǏǕǘǜǘnjNJǚǒǣǒnjcǗǘǍǝ~ NJcnjǘǕǢǏNj ǕǩǏǜǛǏNjǏǍǚǘǜǏǛǔcǷǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnjcǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǘǓNjNJǗǏ ǜǘǜǒǙNJcǷNJǖǙǒǚƮǘǖǘǡǏǗǦǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓ
ƼǏǖNJǧǜNJǒǖǏǏǜǖNJǛǛǝnjNJǚǒNJǠǒǓǔǚǥǢNJ ǗǘǏƹNJǗǛǔǘǏǛǍǘǚǏǕǘǎǘǜǕNJnjcNJǙǚǏǕǏcǍǘǎNJ njcƷǒǔǘǕǦǛǔǘǓǛǕǘNjǘǎǏ  ǍǎǏǔcǙǚǝǎǒǔǝnjǥnjǘǎǒǜ ǞNJǛNJǎǏǍǘǡǕǏǗǩǜǙǒǕǩǛǜǚǥǜǘǡǗǘǘǜnjǏǡNJǩǚNJǑNjǒnjǔǏ
ǙǘǚǜǒǔNJǜǘǐǏǖǘǐǏǜǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǜǦǛǩnjcǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǙǘǚǜǒǔǐǏ ƹNJǗǛǔǘǏ Ǚǚǒ ǧǜǘǖ NjǥǕǘ njc ǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǓ ǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǓǙǘǚǜNJǕƲǚǘǗǒǡǏǗǜǝǜǒcǚNJǑǖNJǟ njcǛǘǡǏǜNJ ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓƹǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǛǜǘǕǦǐǏǙǚǘǛǜNJǗNJǎǕǒǗǗǥǓ
ǖǘǐǏǜǘNjǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǩǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǘǖǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǙǏǚǏǟnjNJǜǒǜǦ ǞǘǚǖǏcǷǟǘǜǩǛǜǘǩǕǘǑNJNjǚǘǢǏǗǗǘǏǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǛǘǜ ǗǒǒǛcǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓ ǒcǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒ njǥǛǘǔǒǏǜǘǗǔǒǏǔǘǕǘǗ ǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǗNJǗǒǑNJǗǥǔǘǖǗNJǜǥnjǛǏǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǏnjcǙǕNJǗǏ
ǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǕǒǢǦǗNJǎnjǘǚǘnjǘǖǞNJǛNJǎǏǙNJǚNJǎǗǥǓǘǛǜNJnjǒnj ǗǒǎǚǝǍǒǟǙǚǘnjǒǗǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǟǝǛNJǎǏNjǛcǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǗǒǔǜǘ Ǘǥ ǒcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjcǷNjǚǏnjǏǗǔǘǕǘǗǗǛǕǏǍ ǗǏǙǘǖǏǚǔǢǒǓǑNJǕǏǜǒǎǏNJǕǔǘǖǞǘǚǜNJNjǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ 
njcǡǒǛǜǘǜǏ ǔNJǔnjcǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘǓǝǛNJǎǦNjǏƹNJǗǛǔǘǏǙǘǎƶNJǕǘ ǗǏ ǑǗNJǏǜ ǡǜǘ ǎǏǕNJǜǦ Ʋǟ ǏǣǏ ǘǡǏǗǦ ǖǗǘǍǘ ǘǗǒ njǛǏ njcǘNjǚǏǢǏǜǔǏ ǘNjǥǡǗǘnjǖǏǛǜǘǗǒǟǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǜǜǘǗǔǒǏ NJcǙǘǙǏǚǏǔǗǏǍǘǙǚǘǕǏǍNJǏǜNJǗǞǒǕNJǎNJǍǎǏǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩ
ǩǚǘǛǕNJnjǠǏǖ ƬcǧǙǘǟǝNJǖǙǒǚNJǔcǜǏǖǏǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǏǣǏ ǘǡǏǗǦǚNJǑǗǥǏǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǘǓnƪǚǟǗNJǎǑǘǚ~ǎǘǗǒǟǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǎǘǛǔǒ ǒcǙǘǕǒǔNJǚNjǘǗNJǜNJƷǘǑǎǏǛǦǗNJƺǩǑNJǗǣǒǗǏǘǗ ǍNJǕǏǚǏǩǜǚǘǞǏǏnjǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǘǟǘǜǗǒǔNJ

230 
j`TVWYY`\u^T_)`
ɭ ɮ
63.  X %- ; 
    - @=Q>P

ɮ N 
 V

-

 
  
  ; 
  
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   
2 <*
 - @Q@@

  %( !" #


(*

  

ǑNJǔNJǑNJ njǙǚǘǡǏǖǧǜǘǝǐǏǙǘǡǜǒ
ǛǒǗǘǗǒǖǥ ƪcǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǔǘǍǎNJǛǕǘ
njNJnǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏ~ǒcnǚǝǛǛǔǘǏ~
ǙǚǘǒǑǗǘǛǒǜǦǘǙǩǜǦǛǜNJǕǘǛǕǘǐǗǘ
ǘǡǏǗǦǜǚǝǎǗǘǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǛǏNjǏ
ǙǏǚǛǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏnjǥ
ǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǗǒǏǗNJǧǜǝǜǏǖǝcǷNJcǝǐ
ǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǗǏǗǘnjǘǎǏǕNJcǛǘnjǚǏ
ǖǏǗǗǘǏǏǏǙǚǘǡǜǏǗǒǏ
ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǎǘǖǘnjǛcǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǝǔǚNJ
ǢǏǗǒǩǖǒ ǒǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǒǑǘǡǏǗǦ
ǜǘǕǛǜǥǟNjǚǏnjǏǗ ǙǚǝǎǙǚǝǎǒƷǘ
ǜǝǜnjǛǏǔNJǔǛǜǘǕǏǜǗNJǑNJǎnǘǜǕǘ
ǖNJǓǜǏǙǏǜǝǢǔNJcǷǒcǗǏǜǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ
ǛǜǒǕǩ~ƫǘǕǏǏǍǕǝNjǘǔǘǙǚǘǗǒǔNJ
ǨǣǒǟnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘ
ǍǘǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǜNJcǘǎǗǒǖǒǑǚǏǎǔǒǟ
ǙǚǒǖǏǚǘnjǜNJǔǘǍǘǙǚǘǗǒǔǗǘnjǏǗǒǩ
ǛǜNJǕǎǘǖƹǏǜǚNJƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjNJcǷǎǘǖ
TEXGL[SVO 38 nǕǘǛǔǝǜǗǘǏǘǎǏǩ
Ǖǘ~ƬcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǗǒǡǏǍǘǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦ
ǗǘnǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ~njǚǘǎǏNjǥǗǏNjǥǕǘ
ǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǙǚǒǡǏǕǒǗǒcǘǟǕǝǙǗǏǓ
ǗǘǛNJǖNJǜǏǖNJǟNJǘǛNJǘǜǎǏǕǔǒǑNJ
ǔǕǨǡǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǛǜǚǘǍǒǏ
ǚNJǖǔǒǔNJǚǔNJǛNJǗNJǖǏǔNJǕNJǗNJǜǘ
ǡǜǘnǚǝǛǛǔǒǓNjǝǗǜ~njǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ
ǒcNjǏǛǞǘǚǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ ǘcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǙǒ
nƫNJǚǛǔǒǓǙǘǖǏǣǒǡǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǛcǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǖǒǒcǍNJǕǏǚǏǩǖǒ ǙǏǚnjǝǨǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǘǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǗǘnjǏǓǢǏǍǘnjǚǏ ǛNJǕǒƫǏǚǎǩǏnjǒcƻǜǏǙǝǗ ǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǒcǧǛǜǏǜǒǑǒ
ǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǝcƱNJǙNJǎNJǘǜǘǢǏǕnjcǘNjǕNJǛǜǦǙǚǘǢǕǘ ǖǏǗǒ~cǷǠǏǚǔǘnjǦnjcƪNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǘcǍǘǎ ǚǘnjNJǗǁǜǘǘǗǙǘǎǎNJǏǜǛǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑNJǠǒǒǗǘ
ǍǘcǷǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǕNJƷNJǜNJǕǦǩƹǘǕǏǗǘnjNJǘǜǟǘǎǘǜǔǕNJǛǛǒǠǒǑ ƮnjǒǍNJǩǛǦnjǛǕǏǎǑNJƭǚNJNjNJǚǏǖǛǘnjǏǜ ǎNJǐǏǒcǖǘǗǎǚǒNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǒƬǜǘǚǘǓǎǘǖƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjNJǘǡǏ
ǖNJǒcǑNJǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩcǷƮǕǩǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǔǛǜNJ ǛǔǒǏǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘnjǏǎǥǝǜnjǏǚǎǒǕǒǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǗNJnǙǕǘǟǘǓ~ njǒǎǗǘǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǏǜǙǏǚnjǘǖǝǜǝǜǜǘǐǏnǖǏǕǘǖǚNJǛǡǏǚ
ǕǒǒǛǔNJǜǦǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǗǏnjcǙǘǖǏǣǒǡǦǏǓNJcnjcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓ ǒcnǟǘǚǘǢǒǓ~ǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǛǜǒǕǒƹǏǚnjǥǓcǷǧǜǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ ǡǏǗNJǛǞNJǕǦǜǗNJǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǒǔǒ~ƾNJǛNJǎǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǧǗǗǘǏ
ǎǏǚǏnjǗǏ~ƲǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǏǗǒǩǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩǚǝǢ ǗǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǒǑǖƭNJǚǜǖNJǗNJǒcƺǘǙǏǜNJ ǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǘnjnjǥǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǟǚNJǑǗǥǖǒ
ǗǒǔǒǒcǙǘǕǘǜǏǗǠNJǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǖǒǗǛǜǚǝǖǏǗǜǘǖcǷǚǏǑǦNjNJ ǗNJǛǔnjǘǑǦǞNJǕǦǢǒnjǥǓǒcǙǚǒǜǘǚǗǥǓNJcnjǜǘǚǘǓǗǏǘǚǝǛ ǘǜǜǏǗǔNJǖǒǛǏǚǘǍǘǒcǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǟNjǏǕǥǖǒǜǩǍNJǖǒƷǘ
NJcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǖǏǛǜǘǖǙǚǒǕǘǐǏǗǒǩǔǚNJǛǘǜǥcǷǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔ ǛǔǒǓcǷǧǜǘǝǐǏǢǏǎǢǒǓnǘǜǎǝǢǒ~ǘNjǚNJǣNJnjǢǒǓǛǩǗǏ ǑǎǏǛǦǔcǝǎNJǡǗǘǗNJǓǎǏǗǗǘǖǝǙǚǒǏǖǝǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǗNJ
Ʒǘ njǘǛǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǏǜ ǒǟ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ ǔNJǔ ǔcǘǜǎǏǕǔǏNJcǔcǘNjǤǏǖNJǖƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjǒcǂǏǟǜǏǕǦƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩ ǜǏǖNJ ƹǚǒǡǏǖ ǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ ǘǗNJ ǔǚNJǓǗǏ
ǗNJǔǕNJǎǗǘǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǒǕǩǙNJǜǦǔǝǎNJ ǕǨNjǘǖǝǖNJǕǘǖNJǕǦǛǔǘǖǝǧǛǜǏǜǝǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘnǘNjNJǘǗǒ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǝǢǗǘnjǙǘǕǗǏǙǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǗNJǞNJǛNJǎǏǙǘǩnjǕǩ
ǝǍǘǎǗǘ ǒc ǔNJǔ ǝǍǘǎǗǘ nƷǏ ǛǘǍǚǏǜǥǓ ǡǝnjǛǜnjǘǖ ǒc njǘ ƭǚNJNjNJǚǦnƬcǶǟǍǘǎNJǟnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏǙǚǘǠnjǏǜNJǕNJ ǟǝǐǏ~ƷǘǡǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǎǒǛǜNJǗǠǒǩǒcǡǏǖ ǨǜǛǩnjǛǜNJnjǔǒǛcǚǏǑǦNjǘǓ
ǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǏǖc Ƿ njǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕ ƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƶNJǔǘnjǛǔǒǓc Ƿ ǗǏǘNjǥǡNJǓǗNJǩ ǛǜǚNJǛǜǦ ǔc ǽǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝ ǛǜǒǕǨǻ ȁ" ƷNJ ǖǏǗǦǢǏǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǥǟǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩ ƬǡǏǖǘǛǜǚǘǜNJǛǨǐǏǜNJ#ƬcǜǘǖǡǜǘƴǘǛǜǫ
ǖǏǚǜnjǏǗǗǘNJǔNJǎǏǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǗǏǛǖǘǜǚǩǗNJǑNJǜǏǓǕǒnjǘǛǜǦ NjǚNJnj ǚNJǑǕǒǡǗǥǏ ǖǘǜǒnjǥ njǛǜǚǏǡNJǨǣǒǏǛǩ njc ǎǚǏnjǗǏ NJcǘǜƭNJǚǜǖNJǗNJǛcƺǘǙǏǜǘǖǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦNjǝǔnjNJǕǦǗǘǙǘǘǎǗǘ ǕǘnjǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǏǜǚǏǑǗǘǓǎǏǔǘǚǛcNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖ
ǘǡǏǚǜNJǗǒǓ njǥǡǝǚǗǥǓ NjǏǑ njǗǝǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒc Ƿ ǧǜǘǜ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǒǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǟǘǛǘNjǗǩǔǘnj ǖǝǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǒǔǝǘNjNJnjcƪNjǚNJǖǠǏnjǘ ǜǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏ ǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǘǖƼǘǏǛǜǦǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗǏ
ǛǜǒǕǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛNJǖǘǏǍǚǝNjǘǏǗǏǗǝǐǗǘǏǒcǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǏ ǒcǎNJǡȁǙǚǘǍǕǩǎǏǕǒǑNJnjǥǡǝǚǗǥǖǒǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǒǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓ ǔcǗǒǖǘǜǜNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǏǚǎǠǏƲcǔǘǍǎNJƪǗǎǚǏǓƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnj ǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǖǘǏƷǘǧǜǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǗNJǢǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓnjǑǍǕǩǎ
ǡǜǘǛǘǑǎNJǕNJƺǘǛǛǒǩnjǘǒǖǩǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩ~ ǛǖǥǛǕ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǟ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǟ Ǟǘǚǖc Ƿ ǒǟ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǝ njǘǛǛǜNJǗNJnjǕǒnjNJǏǜǜǏǚǏǖnjcƪǛǜNJǢǘnjǘ njcǘǛǗǘnjǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ ƷNJǛNJǖǘǖǐǏǎǏǕǏǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǖǝǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǝǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝ
ƱǥNjǔǝǨǍǚNJǗǦǖǏǐǎǝǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǛǜǒǕǏǖ ǒcǩǛǗǘǛǜǦǕǨNjǘnjǦǔcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǍǕNJǎǩǖǛǜǏǗǥǒcǡǝnjǛǜnjǘ ǔNJǔǚNJǑǙǚǘǏǔǜƺǘǙǏǜNJ ǎǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjǛǏǘNjǣǒǖǕǨ NjǥǕǘǙǚǏǎǙǒǛNJǗǘǛǜNJǜǦnǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǖǙǘǞǘǚǖǏǒcǛǘ
ǒcǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǖ ǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖnjǗǩǜǗǝǨǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔNJǖ ǖǏǚǥnjcǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǒǒǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǍǘǝNjǚNJǗǛǜnjNJƬNJǛǗǏ NjǒǖǠǏǖƷǘǜǝǜnjNJǐǗǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǥǛǘǡNJǓǢǏǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘ ǠǒNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǙǘǛǘǎǏǚǐNJǗǒǨ~ƲcǗǒnjcǔNJǔǘǓǒǗǘǓ
NJcǝǐǙǘǜǘǖǔNJǖǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏ ǡǏǜǔǘǛǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǕƲǍǘǚǦ ǠǘnjǩǛǗǘnjǒǎǏǕnjǛǨNjǏǛǙǕǘǎǗǘǛǜǦǒǟǒǛǔNJǗǒǓǒcǎNJǕ ǧǜǘǓǚNJNjǘǜǥǗǘǒcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǑNJǗǒǖǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǏǍǘǛǞǏǚǏǧǜǘǗǏNjǥǕǘǜNJǔǡǏǜǔǘ ǒcǜNJǔǐǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǝǢǗǘ 

232 
ɯ
 
2
TN NU' UVXx*V !wU"‡* ;XR`;‡ UTUX')*RW X^JUˆ
w!‡F R*!U)‰a* UJR U!X')*R‡ R)_RJ'- TUR V*R XwŠ
N*)*R R *#'*RV‡ JxN‡ˆ w JUVUX‡. UV)_*VW UV U*NR.
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǎǏǚ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
Ǜ
Ǜǘǘnjǚ
ǘnj
Ǐ ǚǏ

V;U' UVN*)J Xw'*XU' N*X*"WRR‡. S)*'*RVU" `"*VU' ) TJV^XUˆ- *#Š


ǚ Ǐǖ
ǚǏ
ǚǏǖ
Ǐnj
Ǐ ǏǗ
njǩ

'*RV‡ UwN]V a*"*)W~ˆW TJV^XR‡ˆ TUR ;U"*X. JUVUXU#U JX*;WVW


ǩ ǗǗǥ
ǗǗ
ǏǗǗǥǓ
Ǘ ǥǓǎǘǖ

N*JUXV"R‡* S)*'*RV‡F R)_RJ <X*wR‡* V"R- V‡J RJ)NUJ <X*w‰Š


!‡ ;XJX‡"]VW "*X.^ JX*VUU!XwR‡' ;)RJ' JUVUX‡* JX*;WVW UVŠ
Ǔ ǚǝǛ
ǘǖ

JX‡V‡' <w'*VR‡' U`RJU"RR‡' 'UX*w' UwN]~' NU;U)RŠ


ǛǛǔǒ

V*)‰R‡ˆ X*)‰*T <NU!")W]~' TJV^XRUV ;X ;XUVUˆ TUX'* TN-


ǒǓ

UXR'*RV N*JUXV"R‡. S)*'*RVU" #XT_*J U!X!UVR- w R*#U J)]Š


_*R‡ JX^#)*RR‡* S)*'*RV‡ UR JJ !‡ UVUV w ^"*)_*RR‡. "<'aV!*
;J*)*ˆ UV‡)]~. J<U"X*'*RRU'^ JU';‰]V*XRU'^ ;XU.UxN*R]
N*JUX-

ɯ %

  J 

- ǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǘǔNJǔnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƻǘǏǎǒǗǒǜǦǜǏǛNJǖǥǏǗNJ ǜǘǗǔǘǏ~ǗǘǧǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǜǘǑǗNJǕǒnjǛǏLJǜǘǔǘ
N  B (+ < P ǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏǞǘǚǖǥǛcnǔǘǚǘNjǔNJǖǒ~ǛǘǠǒNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟ ǗǏǡǗǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǝnjNJǐǏǗǒǏǖǔcǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǔǏ
- @GQH ǞǝǗǔǠǒǓǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǗǏǛǕǘǐǗǘcǷǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘnjcǚǏǛǙǝNjǕǒ ǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǒcǛǕǏǍǔNJǙǚǏǐǎǏnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǖǏǡǜǘǓ
ǔNJǟƻǚǏǎǗǏǓƪǑǒǒǍǎǏǧǜǘǖǝǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǗǒǨǙNJǚǜǒǒǒcǙǚNJ ǘcǜǘǖnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJnǗNJǚǘǎǥǚNJǛǙǚǒǙǘǑNJNjǥnjnjcǏǎǒ
njǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJNjǥǕǘǗNJǓǎǏǗǘǝǎNJǡǗǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏ ǗǝǨǛǏǖǦǨǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǜǛǩ~ƲcǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǙǚǘǙǝǛǔNJǩǛnjǘǒ
ǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜǥǛǜNJǕǒǚǏǢǏǜǔNJǖǒǛǘǕǗǠǏǑNJǣǒǜǥ ǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǒǡǏǚǏǑǔǘǖǙǦǨǜǏǚ ǚǝǢǗǒǔǒǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩ
ƹǚNJnjǎNJǘǗǒǕǒǢǦǖNJǛǔǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǙǚǘ njcǙǒǔǛǏǕǒ ǒcǙǘǕǝǡNJǩǗNJnjǥǟǘǎǏnjǏǛǦǖNJNJNjǛǜǚNJǔǜǗǥǓ
NjǕǏǖǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǕNJǛǦnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘNjǥNJǎNJǙǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ ǝǑǘǚǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǏǛǕǒǡǜǘǒcǗNJnjǏnjNJǏǜǜǘǖǥǛǕǦǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ǜǥǛǩǡǒǕǨǎǏǓǙǏǚǏǛǏǕǩǏǖǥǟǒǑǔǒǢǕNJǔǘnjǒcNJǝǕǘnj ǘcnǚǝǛǛǔǘǖ~ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǘcǚǝǔǘǜnjǘǚǗǘǖnjǘǘNjǣǏƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnj
ǔcǐǒǑǗǒnjcǖǗǘǍǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǟǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǟƲcǜǝǜǔǘ ǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǘcǛǝǎǦNjǏǕǘǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǚNJǛǜnjǘǚǩǨǣǏ
ǗǏǡǗǘǗǒǔNJǔǒǏǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜǥǙǘǖǘǡǦǗǏǖǘǍǕǒNJcǔǘǗǎǒ ǍǘǛǩnjcǍǕǘNjNJǕǦǗǘǖ
ǠǒǘǗǏǚǥnjcƻƻƻƺǗNJǡNJǕǒǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǦǕǒǢǦnjccǍǘǎǝ ƲǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǗǏǛǖǝ
ǎNJǒcǜǘǎǕǩǝǡǚǏǐǎǏǗǒǓ ǡǜǘnjcǛǘnjǘǔǝǙǗǘǛǜǒnjǥǑǥnjNJǕǘ ǣNJǏǜǛǩǒǟǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒƷNJǘNjǘǚǘǜnjǛǩǡǏǛǔǒǏǏǙǘǎ
nǗNJǖǏǛǜNJǟ~ǍǕǝǟǘǏǚNJǑǎǚNJǐǏǗǒǏnjcNJǎǚǏǛǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǖǘ ǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜǒcǙǏǎNJǕǒǚǝǏǜǝǜǚǒǚǝǩǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǚNJǑǖǏǚǥ
ǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJƲcǔǘǍǎNJƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjnjǥǚǘǛǢǒǓǔNJǔǚNJǑnjcǘǎǗǘǖ ǛǜNJnjǗǏǓƲcǔNJǔǒcǖNJǛǜǏǚNJǗǏǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǛǜǒǕǩǘNjǚNJǜǒnj
ǒǑǏǍǘǠǏǗǜǚǘnj ƪǕǖNJƪǜǏ ǔǚǏǙǒǜǛnjǘǒǛǜNJnjǗǒǒcǗNJǕǒǡ ǢǒǏǛǩǔcǎǘǙǏǜǚǘnjǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏNJǙǏǕǕǒǚǝǏǜǔcǛNJ
ǗǒǔǒǐǏǛǜǔǘǒcNjǏǑǘnjǛǩǔǘǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ ǗǒǛǘǕǗ ǖǘǓNJǚǟNJǒǡǗǘǓnjǏǚǛǒǒǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǘnjǔǘǍǎNJǘǗǒǛǘǛǜǘǩ
ǠǏǑNJǣǒǜǘǓǗǒnjǘǚǘǑNJǣǒǜǘǓǘǗǒǗǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜ njcǧǜǘǖ ǕǒǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑnjǏǚǟǗǏǍǘǞǚǒǑNJǒcǙǘǎǘǔǘǗǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǒƼǘ
ǗǏǕǦǑǩǗǏǚNJǛǛǕǥǢNJǜǦǛNJǚǔNJǑǖNJƴǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǡǏnjǒǎǏǗ ǏǛǜǦnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǜǘnjǚǏǖǩǔǘǍǎNJǚǏǑǦNjNJNjǥǕNJǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘ
ǒcnjcǙǏǚǏǖǏǗǏnjǛǏǟǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǟǙǚǒǏǖǙǏǚǏǗǘǛǒǜǛǩ ǝǔǚNJǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǖNJcǒǖǏǕNJǛNJǔǚNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǖǥǛǕcǷǘNjǏǚǏ
ǛcNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǩǗNJǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǏǛcǙNJǗǏǕǦǗǘǍǘcǷǗNJ ǍNJƵǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘǒcǘǔǗNJǎǘǖNJǝǑǔǒǏcǷǔNJǔnjcǜǏnjǚǏǖǏǗNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǛcǖǗǘǍǘǔnjNJǚǜǒǚǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǗNJǡNJǛǜǗǥǓ ǔǘǍǎNJnjǘǕǘǔǘnjǥǏǘǔǗNJǎǏǕNJǕǒnjcǎnjǝǟǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǟNjǚǏnjǗNJǟ
ƪcǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩcǷǔNJǔǒcnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǛǜǒǕǏ ǗNJǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǝǔNJǐǎǘǍǘƼǘǍǎNJǘǗǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘNjǥǕǒǍǘǚǒ
ƷǘǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǘǎǗǘǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǏǘǜǕǒ ǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǑǎǏǛǦǐǏnjǛǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǗǘǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦ
ǡǒǏƮǏǕǘnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǔNJǔǚNJǑnǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ~ǝǑǘǚNJǛǘnjǏǜ njǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩǛNJǖǒǖǘNjǤǏǖǘǖǎǘǖNJ
ǛǔNJǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǗǏǑǗNJǕNJƭǕNJnjǗǘǓ ƬǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ ǎǘǖNJ ǛǙǚǏǛǛǘnjNJǗǥ
ǜǘǖǝǙǚǒǡǒǗǘǓNjǥǕǛǜǚNJǟǙǏǚǏǎnnjǏǕǒǔǘǎǏǚǐNJnjǗǥǖ ǒc ǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘ ǖǒǗǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǥ ǘNjǣNJǩ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦc Ƿ
ǢǘnjǒǗǒǑǖǘǖ~ ǘcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǙǚǏǎǝǙǚǏǐǎNJǕǏǣǏƵǏǗǒǗ  cǔnjcǖ cǷnjǛǏǚNJǎǒǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǚNJǛǜǩǗǝǜǦǎǘǖnjǎǘǕǦ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǏǙǚǘǚnjǏǜǛǩǙǚǘǑǘǓnǎǏǚǏnjǏǗǣǒǔǘnj~ ǑNJNjǘǚNJNJcǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǘǛnjǘNjǘǎǒǜǦƼǏǛǗǘǜNJ
ǔNJǚǜǒǗNJǖǒƲǕǦǒƭǕNJǑǝǗǘnjNJǒcƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjNJ ǜNJǔNJǩǡǜǘǍǏǚǘǓǚNJǛǛǔNJǑNJnƴǚǥǐǘnjǗǒǔ~ǛǔNJǑNJǕNjǥǡǜǘ
ǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǒǜǛnjǘǏǙǘNjǏǎǘǗǘǛǗǘǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǏƷǘǜǘǍǎNJ ǜNJǔǒǏǜǚǒNJǚǢǒǗNJǍǘǎǗǥǕǒǢǦǜǚǝǙǝNJcǗǏǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝƷǘ
njǘnjǜǘǚǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǏƿƿnjǏǔNJǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǖ ǙǚǘǓǎǏǜǔNJǔǒǟǜǘǕǏǜǒcǧǜǒǜǚǒNJǚǢǒǗNJǛǜNJǗǝǜǜǏǖǒ
ǜǣNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǕǒǒcǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǘcǔNJǔǘǖǜǘǘǛǘNjǘǖ ǛNJǖǥǖǒcǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǙǚǒǖǏǜǑNJnjǥǛǘǜǝ
ǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǘǜǜǏǗǔǏnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǙǘǛǕǏǛǏǖǒ ǐǒǕǒǣNJcǷǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǝǨǒcǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǝǨƹǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǦ
ǛǜNJǕǒǗǛǔǒǟnjǥǛǘǜǘǔǗǏǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǛǩƹǘǧǜǘǖǝƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnj ǐǏnjcǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǏ nǁǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǗǝǐǗǘǗǏǜǚǒNJǚǢǒǗNJǑǏǖ
ǔNJǔNjǥnjǘǛǙǘǕǗǩǏǜǧǜǘǜǙǚǘNjǏǕǗǘǜǝǜǐǏǒcǎNJǏǜǙǘǗǩǜǦ ǕǒǗǏǝǛNJǎǦNjNJNJcnjǏǛǦǑǏǖǗǘǓǢNJǚnjǛǩǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǍǎǏ
ǡǜǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǖǥNjǏǑǗǏǍǘǗǏǙǘǜǏǚǩǕǒ ǗNJǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǏǘǗǖǘǍNjǥǙǚǘǩnjǒǜǦnjǛǏǛnjǘǓǛǜnjNJǒcǘǛǘ
ƼǝǜǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǝǐǗǘǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǛǩǡǜǘ NjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǛnjǘǏǍǘǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǝǟNJ~ NjǝǎǏǜǝǎǘnjǕǏǜnjǘ
ǒcǝǑNjǏǔǛǔǒǓǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜǘǜǕǒǡǒǜǦǘǜǔNJǑNJǟǛǔǘǍǘnjcNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǟ ǚǩǜǦǛǩǒǗǥǖǒǛǙǘǛǘNjNJǖǒǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǘNjǤǏǖ
nǚǨǢǏǡǔNJǟ~ǐǒǕǥǟǔǘǚǘNjǘǔNjǥǕǘnjǏǛǦǖNJǑNJǜǚǝǎǗǒǜǏǕǦ ǎǘǖNJnjǔǘǖǙǘǗǘnjNJǗǍNJǚNJǐƮnjNJNJnjǜǘǗNJǙǕNJǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜ
ǗǘǁǜǘnjǥǎNJǏǜnǚǝǔǝƶǘǛǔnjǥ~ǍǎǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǛǦ ǔNJǔǎnjNJǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjNJnjcǙǘǛǜǏǕǒǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǛǘǢǏǎǢǒǏ
njǛǩǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǘǕǒǜǒǔNJǒcǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǛǦǎǘ ǛcǚǒǛǝǗǔNJƶNJǎǏǕǘǗƬǚǒǑǏǗǎǘǚǙǔcǔǗǒǍǏƺǏǖNJƴǘǕǟNJǛNJ
ǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǗǘnjǛǏǑǗNJǕǒǡǜǘnƬǘǛǜǘǔcǷǎǏǕǘ nƫǏǑǝǖǗǥǓƷǦǨƳǘǚǔ~

234
23 4 
D

ɭ ɮ
64. / 
<VU_J wX*RW TUX'UU!XwU"RW SVU
;U;‡VJ RˆV U!Ž*'RU* X*a*R* "‡Š

 
    W")W]~** J_*V" J)**RU#U !X^ JJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  /  U"X*'*RRU#U VXUV*)‰RU#U 'V*X)- ;U _V


RX^xRUˆ UVN*)J SVU ;U;‡VJ "NU.RU"V‰W JRŠ
     

  40
NR"J' NU'U' w)"Š VU TRJˆ- `"*V< SV*Š
  *% !" # VJ R*U!X!UVRR‡. N*X*"WRR‡. NU'U" X^JU#U
(* *"*X- "‡"*VX*RRW <"‡^a*RRW NX*"*R- xN^

   JU#N NU' R_R*V JX"U VX*V‰-

ɭ †khklen›- N 
< " P ¤^ T
-
2010

ɮ N  <  # 
B
%   

ǞNJǛNJǎNJǛǜNJnjǗǒǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩcǷ
ǒcnjcǎǘǖǏǙǘǛǏǕǩǏǜǛǩǗǏNjǘǛǜNJnj
ǗǒǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩcǷǎǘǖǙǚǏnjǚNJ
ǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǝǍǚǨǖǥǓǛNJǚNJǓƻǜNJnjǗǒ
njǥǛǘǔǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥ ǘǗǒǚNJǑ
ǗǥǟǚNJǑǖǏǚǘnjǒcǔNJǔNjǥǟNJǘǜǒǡǗǘ
ǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǥǙǘǞNJǛNJǎNJǖǘNjǤǏ
ǎǒǗǩǩǛǦǖǘǜǒnjǘǖǙǏǚǞǘǚNJǠǒǒ 
Ǘǘ ǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǨǜ ǒc ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ
ǛǖǥǛǕc Ƿ ǔNJǔ ǎǕǩ ǚǏǍǝǕǒǚǘnjNJ
ǗǒǩǘǛnjǏǣǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǜNJǔǒcǎǕǩNjǏǑ
ǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒ ǔǘǍǎNJǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǘǜǛǝǜ
ǛǜnjǝǨǜ ƬcƺǘǛǛǒǒǗNJǞNJǛNJǎNJǟǘǗǒ
ǚǏǎǔǒǔNJǔnjǛǩǔǒǓǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒ
ǚǝǏǖǥǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǓǛǩ
ǙǘǛǝǜǒǧǜǘnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǗNJǔNJǖǏǗǗǘǖǙǘǎǔǕǏ nǗNJǝǕǒǠǏ~ǘǗǒnjǥǑǥnjNJǨǜǖNJǛǛǝnjǘǙǚǘǛǘnjǘcnjǥǐǒnjNJ
ǜǏ~ǔNJǔǘnjǘǓǜǒǙǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǧǜǘǓǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǠǒǒǛǜNJǕ ǗǒǒnjcǘǜǏǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǔǕǒǖNJǜǏƼǏǖǠǏǗǗǏǏǧǜǘǜǧǔǛǙǏ
ǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǏǗnjcǝǏǑǎǗǥǟǍǘǚǘǎNJǟǏǣǏnjc<:---cnjǏǔǏ ǚǒǖǏǗǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏNJnjNJǗǜǨǚǏǗNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ
ǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥNj¶ǕǦǢNJǩǙǘǐNJǚǗNJǩNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǦ ǗǏ ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǗǥǖǘNjǘǚǝǎǘnjNJǗǒǏǖ
njǏǛǦǎǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǩ ǗǏnjǏǛǦ ǒcnjcǛǘnjǘǔǝǙǗǘǛǜǒǛcǝnjǏǕǒǡǏǗǗǘǓǜǏǙǕǘǒǑǘǕǩǠǒǏǓǘNjǏ
ǎǘǖǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǓ ƶǘǛǔnjǒǡǏǓǐǏǙǘǛǕǏǙǘǐNJǚNJcǍǘǎNJ ǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǏǜǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦǎǘǖNJƸǛǗǘnjǗǥǖǒǘǜǘ
ǘNjǩǑNJǕǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǒǑǔNJǖǗǩǗǘǘǗǒǡNJǛǜǘǕǒǢǦǖNJǛǔǒ ǙǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǒǙǚǒNjǘǚNJǖǒǛǕǝǐNJǜǖǏǐǧǜNJǐǗǥǏǙǏǚǏǔǚǥ
ǚǘnjNJǕǒnjǜǘǚǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǧǜNJǐǢǜǝǔNJǜǝǚǩǏǍǘnǙǘǎ ǜǒǩǒǑǖǘǗǘǕǒǜǗǘǍǘǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗNJǔǝǎNJǒǗǜǏǍǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǥ
ǔNJǖǏǗǦ~ƱǎǏǛǦǜǘǐǏǒǖǏǏǜǖǏǛǜǘǖNJǛǔǒǚǘnjǔNJǗǘǘNj ǜǚǝNjǥǛcǜǏǙǕǘǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǏǖƹǘǕǥǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜǙǘǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǝ
ǚNJǜǗNJǩNjǏǜǘǗǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǎǘǛǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǙǏǡǒǎǘǕǍǘǗNJǍǚǏnjNJǨǜǛǩǒcǎǘǕǍǘǘǛǜǥnjNJǨǜ
ǎǘǖǑNJǢǒǜǛǗǒǑǝǎǘnjǏǚǟǝƸNjǚNJǜǗǥǓǒcǛǖǥǛǕǧǜǘǓǖNJ ƲǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǛNJǖǘǏǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǏnjcǧǜǘǖ
ƽǐǏǛNJǖǘǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƬǏǚǟǗǩǩƫǚǘǗǗNJǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘ nƬǒǜǚǝnjǒǓǒcǛǥǗǘnjǦǩ~NJcnjǛǏǧǜǘnjǖǏǛǜǏǗNJnljǗǎǏǔǛƴNJǚ ǛǔǒǚǘnjǔǒǗǏǚNJǎǒǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǒǒcNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒNJcǒǛǔǕǨ ǎǘǖǏcǷǏǍǘǙǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐƷǘǎǕǩǗNJǡNJǕNJǗNJǎǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦ
NjǝǔnjNJnǩ~ǘǜnjNJǕǒǕNJǛǦnjcǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǗǏǚNJnjǗǘǓNjǒǜnjǥƹǒǜǏ ǜNJǟ~ǒǖǏǗǝǏǜǛǩnƶǝǑǏǓǗǘnjǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǖǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǘǖ ǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǕǩǔǚNJǛǘǜǥ ǡǜǘnjǛǏǍǘnjcǎǘǖǏǜǚǒǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǥǟǧǜNJǐNJnjǥǛǘǜNJǘNjǤ
ǚNJǑNJǛnjǘǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜƶǘǛǔnjǥǟǘǜǩǙǚǒǢǕNJǒǑǙǘǛǕǏǎ ƻƹNjƭƽ~ǗǘnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǗǘǓǜǏǚǚǒǜǘ ƴǚNJǛǘǜNJǎǘǖNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǒǑǙNJǚNJǎǘǔ ǩǛǗǩǏǜǛǩǜǏǖǡǜǘǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǖǟǘǜǏǕǘǛǦnjǒǎǏǜǦǖǘǚǏǔǘ
ǗǏǓcǷnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗNJǖǒǔǗǩǑǩƶǏǗǢǒǔǘnjNJǐǒnjǢǒ ǚǒǏǓǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐNJǣǏǓNjǥnjǢǏǖǝǎǏǔNJǗǝǏǍǘǞǒǕǞNJǔNJ ǛNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǩǛǏǚǘǍǘǠnjǏǜNJǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘNjǥǡ ǜǘǚǘǏǘǜǎǘǖNJnjcǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚǏƷǘǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǏǓǎǕǩǧǜǘǍǘ
ǖǒnjcǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǘǓƫǚǘǗǗǘǓƷǘǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǥ ƮǝǟǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǑNJǚNJǑǒnjǢǒǓǜǏǚ ǗǘǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǎǚǏnjǗǘǛǜǦǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ ǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ ǗǏǟnjNJǜNJǕǘƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǜǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘNjǥǡǗǘ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǥǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǜǝǜǒǖǏǏǜǛǩǔǘǙǒǩ ǚǒǜǘǚǒǨǗǏǖǘǍǗǏǘǜǚNJǑǒǜǦǛǩǗNJǎǘǖǏƾǏǎǘǚNJƸǙNJ ǗǥǟǞǘǚǖǧǜǘǒcǕNJǙǒǎNJǚǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǔǝNj ǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǩnjcǙǘǎnjNJǕǏ ǛNJǝǗNJǛcǎǐNJǔǝǑǒǔǕNJǎǘnjNJǩ
ǎǘǖǒǔNJƹǏǜǚNJ- ǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǜǘǡǗNJǩ ǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩǛǜǚNJǗ ǚǒǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǙǕǘǜǗǝǨǔcǗǏǓǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǏǜǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǗ cšccšccǖ ǒcǖǘǣǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǧǚǔǏǚNJǒcǛǎnjǒǐǗǥǏ NjǘǓǕǏǚǒcǙǚǘǡǏǏǘNjǘǚǝǎǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǑNJǗǩǕǒǙǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐ
ǗǘnjNJǜǘǓǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǥ njǔǕǨǡNJǩǔǘǗǗǥǓǙNJǖǩǜǗǒǔƹǏǜǚǝ ǩnjǕǏǗǗǏnjǘnjǗǏǢǗǏǖǘNjǕǒǔǏǎǘǖNJNJcnjcǏǍǘǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǏ ǛǜNJnjǗǒǗNJǕǘǐǏǗǗǥǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǘNjǕǒǠǘnjǔǒƸǗǒǐǏǝǛǒǕǒ ƷǝNJcnjǛǏǖǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǖǘNjǥǡǗǘǚNJǑ
ǐǏ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǖǏǜǚǘnjǥǓǙǏǚǒǛǔǘǙnjǥǚNJǛǜNJǨǣǒǓǒǑ ƮǘǖǒǖǏǏǜǛǖǏǢNJǗǗǥǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǙǏǚnjǥǓǧǜNJǐcǷ njNJǨǜǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǖǗǘǍǘǛǕǘǓǗǘǛǜǒ ǔǘǏǍǎǏnjǒǎǏǗNjǚǝǛ ǖǏǣNJǏǖǥǖǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǑǏǖǕǒǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦǙǏǚǏǏǟNJǜǦǗNJ
ǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǒcǛǕǝǐNJǣǒǓǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǖǘǜǚǘnjǘǓ ǖǘǗǘǕǒǜǗǥǓǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗnjǜǘǚǘǓǒcǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǒǑǔǕǏǏ NJcnjǗǒǑǝǘǛǜNJǕNJǛǦǏǣǏǒcǝǑǔNJǩǙǘǕǘǛǔNJNjǏǜǘǗNJ ǔǝǕǦ njǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐƬcǡǏǖǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǜNJ
ǙǕǘǣNJǎǔǘǓƫNJǢǗǨǧǜǝnjǘǑnjǏǕNJnjccǍǘǎǝǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩ ǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJƲcǧǜǘǚǏǎǔǒǓǛǕǝǡNJǓnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏƼǘǏǛǜǦ ǖǒǗNJǠǒǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǦ ǛNJǖNJǩǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ

236 
- 


ɭ ɮ
65. /  
!)#UNXW "ˆRU'^ T^RN'*RV^ NU' 'UxRU

b#d
^VRU"V‰ ;XJV_*J "<)]!U' '*V*< '*xŠ
N^ N*X*"‰W' R J)UR* <Nx* RN "UNUˆ- R*
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

wR'W 'RU#U '*V R ^_VJ* UR ;X SVU' N*V U~^~*Š



 
   $3 R* ;X"‡_RU#U JU'TUXV <^]V "<;XXUNRU' UJX^x*R-

  /    &


   
  ( !" #
(*

 /  

ǎǘNjNJnjǒǕǒǛǦǔǝǟǗǩǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƬǛǏǘǗǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǛcǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǔǘǓnǖǒǗǒ~ǗǘǧǜǘǕǒǢǦǙǚǒǎNJǏǜǎǘǖǝǒǍǚǘ
njǘǓǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚcǷǔNJǔǒcǟǘǎǗNJNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǛǜNJǕ
nƴǕǏnjǏǚ~ǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǘǎǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛcǙǚǘǏǔǜǘǖnƮǝNjǕǦ ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔǒǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǒǗǏ ɭ # 

 fknpfhm ƯǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǓǚNJǑǖǏǚnƴǕǏnjǏǚNJ~ ǗǏNJcnjǛǏ ǛǩǙǘǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǗǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǎǘǖǎǕǩǖǘ
Ʈǘǖ~ 66 ƲnjNJǗNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJǘǜnjǏǡNJǩǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘ ǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǝǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǜǏǛ <)  "
 

- Ǎǘcǔnjcǖ ǗǏǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǝNjǘǍǘǛǜǒǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǎnjǝ ǕǘǎǥǟǒcNjǘǎǚǥǟǎǝǟǘǖƸcǡǏǖǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǒcǜǘǜǞNJǔǜǡǜǘ
Ǘǥ ǗNJ ǑNJǙǚǘǛ njǚǏǖǏǗǒ ǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǏ ǗǏǎǘǚǘǍǘǏ Njǥ ǗǘǏ ǟǘǜǩǒcnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏ ǛǘǐǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘNjǕǒǑǔǒǟǙǘǎǝǟǝ 1603 ǟǝǚǘnjǗǏnjǘǛǜǦnjǥǑǥnjNJǏǜnjcǙNJǖǩǜǒǩǡǏǓǔǒǎǘǖNJƷNJǚ njcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖNJ~ǘǗǗǏǛǘNjǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǚNJǑnjǒ
ǛǜǚǘnjǘǑnjǘǎǒǖǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏ NJcǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷǗNJ ǕǨǎǏǓƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǒǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏǜNJǝǗǟNJǝǛǥ ɮ ;
 T - N  Rv ǔǘǖǞǒǗNJƶǘǒǛǏǩƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍNJƴNJǔǘnjǘǏǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǏǗǏǜNJǔ njNJǜǦǛǩnjǢǒǚǦǒcnjǍǕǝNjǦNJcǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǑǗNJǖǏǗǏǖNJǛǔǏǜǒǑǖNJ
ǔǘǗǔǚǏǜǗǝǨ ǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǦ ǎǏǚǏnjǗǒ ƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǏǠ ǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǨǣǒǏǔNJǔǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǜNJǔǒcǔǘǖNjǒǗǒ '
 <'PN ǝǐǗNJǜǩǗǝǜǘǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚnƴǕǏnjǏǚNJ~ǑNJǕǒǜ ǒǕǒǟǘǚǘǢǒǖǙǘnjǘǎǘǖǑNJǖNJǗǒǜǦǖǘǕǘǎǏǐǦǗNJǎNJǡǝ 
ǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǔǚǘnjǘǖǚNJǛǜǝǣǏǏnjcǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǙǚǘ ǚǘnjNJǗǒǏƮǕǩǡǏǍǘNjǥǕǚNJǑǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓǙǕNJǗ a- @GGI ǛnjǏǜǘǖnjǏǛǦǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗƹǘ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖnjǛǏǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǏǔǚǘǖǏǚNJǑǖǏ
ǍǚǏǛǛǒǒǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǏǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǩnƪǚǟǛǜǘǩǗǒǏ~Ʒǘnjcǘǜ ǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǨǣǒǓǚNJǑǗǘǏǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǗǒǏǎǘǖǒǔǘnjǎǚǝǍ ɯ 
 '*)- V
%   ǜǘǖǙǚNJnjǎNJǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦnjǛǏǐǏǗNJǜǩǗǝǜǦǑNJǗNJnjǏǛǘǡǔǒ ǚǘnjnjcǔNJNjǒǗǏnjǑǚǘǛǕǘǏƬcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǘǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǩcǷǙǏǡǦ
ǕǒǡǒǏǘǜnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖNJ~nƴǕǏnjǏǚǥ~ǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǕǒǛǦ ǔcǎǚǝǍǝ ǘǜǔǝǎNJǒcǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏ ǒcǎNJǨǣǒǓǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏ   Dkuegk …eg- ?>@M ƷǘǛǘǜǥǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǟǚNJǖǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǕǒ ǔNJǖǒǗnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǘNjǕǒǠǘnjǔǒcǷǎǚNJǗǔNJǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒ
ǔNJǔ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏ ǐǒǕǒǣǏ Ǚǘǧǜǘǖǝ NjǥǕǒ ǙǘǎǏǢǏnjǕǏ njcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏ NJcnjǛǜNJnjNJǕǒnƴǕǏnjǏǚǥ~ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjcǡǒ ǒǎǏǨǖǘǎǝǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǒcǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǒǝǐǏǘǔǗNJnjcǎǘǖǏƴǘǗ ǠǥǗǘnjǘǑǖǘǐǗNJǜNJǔǐǏǍǒNjǔNJǩǡǏǚǏǙǒǠNJǒǕǒǞNJǕǦǠǏnjǘǏ
ǒcǙǘǙǚǘǣǏǗNJǡǜǘǒcǗNJǖǏǔNJǕǒǍǚǝNjǘǓǛǜNJǚǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓ ǛǜǘǖǙǘǕǏ ƹǕNJǗǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǏǗǚNJǑǚǏ ǛǜNJǗǜǒǗNJƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJ ǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǏǒǑǛǜNJǕǒǒǕǒǠǒǗǔǜǒǜNJǗNJƽǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǩcǷǙǚǏ
ǘNjǢǒnjǔǒƯǨǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǘNj ǑǝǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘnǎǘǖǒǔǛcǎǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǚǒǛǝǗǔNJ~ǝǙNJǕƼǘǕǦǔǘ ƵǘnjǔǘǗNJǓǎǏǗǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǙǘǢǏǕnjcǚNJ ǎǏǕǦǗǥǏcǖǖǡǜǘǒcǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǒǚǝǨǜǜǘǕǛǜǥǏǛǜǏǗǥ
ǢǒnjNJǕNJǛǦǛǗNJǚǝǐǒnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷNjǏǕǘǓǞNJǗǏǚǘǓƬcǔNJ njcǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǏǙǕNJǗNJǙǚǩǡǏǜǛǩǎǝǢǏnjNJǩ NjǏǑǝǗǒǜNJǑNJ  NjǘǜǝǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩǙNJǚǝǕǏǜǛǙǝǛǜǩnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǜǒǙǘnjǘǍǘ ǝǨǜǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǨǣǒǏǙNJǚNJǎǗǥǓǜǘǚǏǠǎǘǖNJƼǏǙǕǘǒ
ǡǏǛǜnjǏǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǩǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǕǒǛǦǜǘǐǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥ NJcǙǘǎǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓcǷNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǛcǔǚǘnjNJǜǦǨ ǎǘǖNJ'EFMRE2MREǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘǡǜǒǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǏǗnƴǕǏnjǏ ǑǘǕǩǠǒǘǗǗǥǏǙNJǗǏǕǒǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǒǑǍǘǜNJnjǕǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǗNJ
njǙǘǕǗǏǙǘǛǔǘǗǗǥǏcǷǙǚǏǛǛǘnjNJǗǗNJǩǛǘǕǘǖNJǒǕǒǗNJ ƬǧǜǘǓnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǓǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǒcǷ ǚǝ~ǙǘǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǏǗǘǝǐǏǡǝǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǏ cšccǖ ǒcǙǘǎ ǑNJnjǘǎǏcǷǔNJǔǒcnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~ǒcǜNJǐǏǛǜǚǏǖǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ
ǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǥǓǕǏǗ njǜǘǚǘǏ ǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǏ ǘǜǕǒǡǒǏ ǘǜ nƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖNJ~ ǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǏǜ ǔNJǙǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǏ ǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏ ǒc ǗNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏ ǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǖǘǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǛǩ2MREǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǑNJǎnjNJǜǚǒǎǗǩ

238 
 
ɯ
66.  U

 -
ɭɮ

;B N N 
J - ?>@I- ; 
/
 

   & 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    U



 -
ɯɰɱ

N N P @@>- ?>@H-


 $
 ) U/
 
 E % 
GK;$>IL:KFELFJ
  (% !" #
(*

  & 

ɭ ɮ
ǡǜǘNjǥǔNJǔǡǏǛǜǗǥǓǒǑǘNjǚǏǜNJǜǏǕǦǙǚǘ
njǏǚǒǜǦǛnjǘǏǎǏǜǒǣǏǗNJǛǏNjǏnƸǛǗǘnj
ǗǥǏǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǔǒǙǚǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦnjcǩǗnjNJǚ
ǛǔǒǏ ǖǘǚǘǑǥ ǔǘǍǎNJ ǑNJǖǏǚǑǕNJ njǘǎNJ
ǙǚǘǕǘǐǏǗǗNJǩnjǎǘǕǦnjǗǏǢǗǒǟǛǜǏǗcǷ
njǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjc Ƿ ƹǘǛǕǏ
ǧǜǘǍǘnjǛǨǚNJǑnjǘǎǔǝǖǥǛǙǚǩǜNJǕǒnjǘ
njǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǨǨ ǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔǝ~ ƮǚǝǍǒǖ
ǘǛǜǚǥǖnjǘǙǚǘǛǘǖNjǥǕnƼǏǙǕǘǕǒǜǏNjǏ
ǎǏnjǒǠNJ#~ƴNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǙǚǒǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓ
ǜǘǕǣǒǗǏǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǩ cǖǖ njcǎǘǖǏ
ǗǏǕǦǑǩNjǝǎǏǜǐǒǜǦǔǚǝǍǕǥǓǍǘǎƷǘǧǜǝ
ǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǚǏǢǒǕǝǐǏNJǚ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǖǒǛǚǏǎǛǜnjNJǖǒcǷǑNJǛǡǏǜ
ƻǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǨǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥnjcƿƿnjǏǔǏ ǎǏǕNJǜǦǎǘǖǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏǗǘǒcǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjǛǏǧǜǘǗNJǔǘǗnjǏǓ ɰ ɱ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǎǘǖNJǒcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǩǕǨNjǥǟnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨ
ǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǒǎnjNJǙǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǒǩǘǎǗǘcǷǘcnjǘǑnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǒ ǏǚcǷǡǜǘNjǥǝǛǔǘǚǒǜǦǚNJNjǘǜǝǒcǝǎǏǢǏnjǒǜǦǙǚǘǎǝǔǜ NjǏǑ ǣǒǟǡNJǛǜǏǓ NjNJǢǏǗǘǔǧǚǔǏǚǘnj LJǜǘnjcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦ
ǔcǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjNJǖ  ǎǚǝǍǘǏcǷǘNjǝǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǒǒǒǑǕǒ ǡǏǍǘnjǛǩǑNJǜǏǩǘǛǜNJǕNJǛǦNjǥǙǚǘǛǜǘǏǣǏǘǎǗǒǖǎǘǖǘǖ ǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǖǒǗǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦnǖǘǛǜǒǔǒǟǘǕǘǎNJ~ǒcǑNJnjǏǚ
ǢǏǛǜnj  ƷǘǘNjNJǘǗǒǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǒǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘ ǔNJǔǘnjǥǟǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǛǜǘ ƪcǒǖǏǗǗǘǛNJǔǚNJǖǏǗ ǗǝǜǦǎǘǖnjcǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǦǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǒcǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǜNJǔǡǜǘ
ǡǜǘǛcǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjNJǖǒǡǜǘNjǏǑNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǘǛǜNJnjNJǕNJǛǦǛǘ ǜNJǕǦǗǥǓnǛNJǚNJǓǑNJǖǒǕǕǒǘǗ~njǥǑnjNJǕNjǝǚǨnjǘǑǖǝǣǏǗǒǩ ǎNJǐǏnjǗǏǢǗǒǏǝǍǕǥcǷǜǏǙǕǥǏƽǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǦǐǏǛcǘNjǏǒǟ
njǏǜǛǔǘǓƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǏǙǚǘǒǑǘǢǕǘǏǣǏ njcǒǗǜǏǚǗǏǜǏǡǏǚǏǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǚǘǏǔǜnjcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǒcǙǚǘ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǑNJǔǚǥǜǖǏǖNjǚNJǗǘǓǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǎNJǏǜǎǘǖǝǗNJǖǘ
njcǶcǍǘǎNJǟǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǘǜǖǏǗNJǡNJǛǜǗǘǓǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ ǎnjǒǍNJǕǛǩ ǡǜǘǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǘǗǘnjNJǜǘǚǛǜnjǘǖ  ǔNJǜǦǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩnjǥǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǔǘǗǎǏǗǛNJǜ
ǗNJǑǏǖǕǨǙǘǜǘǖcǷǗNJǗǏǎnjǒǐǒǖǘǛǜǦƼǘǏǛǜǦǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǝ ƹǏǚnjǥǓ ƮƮ ǛǜǘǒǕ   ǚǝNjǕǏǓ ƹǚǘǎǏǕNJnjǧǜǘǜǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǜǚǨǔ
ǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝNjǥǕǘǞNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǘǜǔNJǑNJǗǘnjcǎǘǖǏƯǍǘǑNJǖǏ ǘǔǘǕǘǏnjǚǘǙǘǔǝǚǛǝcǍǘǎNJ cǷǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǗNJǢǏǕǏǖǝNjǕǏǛǜǩǣǝǨǧǛǜǏǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǖǏ
ǗǒǕNJnǐǒǕǙǕǘǣNJǎǦ~ƪcnjǘǜǝǐǏǧǜǘǙǘnjǕǏǔǕǘǑNJǛǘNjǘǓ ǗǘǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǎǏǢǏnjǘǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘnjcǛnjǏǜǏǑNJǩnjǕǏǗǗǘǓ ǜNJǞǘǚǝƱNJnjǏǚǗǝnjǎǘǖnjcǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǦǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǘǗǜǘǐǏ
ǎnjNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǥǟǎǕǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ nǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǘǛǜǒ~ƷǘǞǘǔǝǛNjǥǕnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǙǘǔǝǙNJǜǏǕǦƮƮ ǏǍǘǔNJǔNjǥǘNjǏǚǗǝǕcǷǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝnjǧǜǝǍǏǚǖǏǜǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ
ǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǩǚǏǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǘǜǔNJǑǘǜǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǛǜǘǕǦǐǏ ǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǕcǷǘǛnjǘNjǘǐǎNJǕǛǩǘǜǟǕǘǙǘǜǙǘǘǜǎǏǕǔǏǒcǎǘ ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǛǜǏǗǒcǔǚǥǢǒƬǥNjǘǚǖNJǜǏǚǒ
ǔNJǜǏǍǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǔcǜǒǙǘnjǘǖǝǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǨ ǎǏǕǔǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǖǗǘǍǘǔǚNJǜǗǘǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJǨǜǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǦ ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǘǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǘǛǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǜǛǩǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏcǷǘǜ NJǕNJcǷNJcǧǜǘǙǚǘǞǒǕǒǒǑǡǏǚǗǘǍǘǖNJǜǘnjǘǍǘǖǏǜNJǕǕNJcǷ
ƷǏnjǑǒǚNJǩǗNJǜǘǡǜǘǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥ ƬǏǛǗǒǗ ǘNjǥǡǗǘǍǘǣǒǜǘnjǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJƹǚNJnjǎNJnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏǍǎǏnjǛǏ ǔǝǎNJǒcǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏƷNJǑNJnjǘǎǏnjcǖǘǎǝǕǒǑNJǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǨǜǛǩnjǛǏ ǙǚǒnjǗǏǛnjcǘNjǚNJǑǏǣǏǖǗǘǍǘnjNJǐǗǥǟǔǘǗǗǘǜNJǠǒǓƹǚǘ
ƫNJǚǟǒǗƸǛǜǏǚǖNJǗ ǙǘǚǘǓǙǥǜNJǕǒǛǦǝnjǩǑNJǜǦǎnjǏǧǜǒ ǘǡǏǗǦǗǏǙǚǏǎǛǔNJǑǝǏǖǘ NJcǔNJǔǚNJǑnjǏǛǗǘǓǍǘǏǏǍǚNJ ǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǠǒǒ ǧǕǏǔǜǚǒǡǏǛǜnjǘnjǘǎǘǙǚǘnjǘǎǔNJǗNJǕǒǑNJ ǞǒǕǒǒcǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǕǒnǛNJǚNJǓ~ǒcNjǚǝǜNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǕǒǏǍǘ
ǜǏǖǥNjǥǕǘǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒǚNJǑnjǏǚǑNJǏǜǛǩ ǗǒǠǥǛǗǘnjNJǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǒǛǦ ǜǏǖNJnǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǒ Ǡǒǩ ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘǛǕǏǜǚNJǗǛǙǘǚǜǒǚǘnjǔǒǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǙǚǒǔǚǥnjǏǍǘǟǚǝǙǔǘǛǜǦǒcǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦcǷǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǒǗ
ǍǕǝNjǘǔNJǩǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǙǚǘǙNJǛǜǦƮǏǚǏnjǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒ njcǎǘǕǍǘǛǚǘǡǗǘǓǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǏ~ǝǐǏnjǏǔǔNJǔǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖ ǛǘNjǚNJǜǦǏǍǘǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏ ǙǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǧǜǘǑNJǗǒǖNJǕǘǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ ǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǜǗNJǎǏǕǔǘǛǝǟǝƻNJǖǒǙǚǘǞǒǕǒǘNjǥǡǗǘǒǛǙǘǕǦ
ǕǘǛǦǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖǙǚǘǢǕǘǍǘǜǒǙǘnjNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJNjǥǕNJ ǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗNJƷǘǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǒcǖǘǣǗǥǖnjǥǑǘnjǘǖnƷǒǔǜǘ ǎǗǏǓǜǏǙǏǚǦcǷǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǡNJǛǘnj ǒcǙǘǎǔǕǨǡǒǜǦǔcǛǏǜǩǖ ǑǝǨǜǛǩnjcǑNJNjǘǚNJǟǗǘNJǗǜǚNJǠǒǜǘnjǥǓNjǕǏǛǔǖǏǜNJǕǕNJǗNJ
ǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǖǒcǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦNjǝǎǝǣǒǖ njǏǎǦǗǏǑNJǎǝǖǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǘcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǓǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǒǑǎNJǗǒǩcǷ ƬcǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǨǖǘǎǝǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǟǘǎǒǜǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJ ǖǏǔNJǕǗNJǘǔǚNJǛǔǝǔǚǝǜǥǟNJnjǜǘǜǏǖNJnǛNJǚNJǩnjcǖǏǜNJǕǕǏ~
ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǔǘǍǎNJƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǙǚǒ ǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjcǷǗǘǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǏǚǏǛǝǚǛǥǡǏǕǘnjǏǔ ǗǒǏǙǒǕǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘǍǘǚNJǑǖǏǚNJcǷcǖǏǜǚǘnj ǗNJnjǘǎǒǕNJǗNJǖǥǛǕǦǘcǛNJǖǘǕǏǜǗǥǟNJǗǍNJǚNJǟNJcǘǠǒǗǔǘ
ǎǝǖNJǕnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~ ǎNJǕǏǏcǷƮƮ ǘǗǑNJǖNJǟǗǝǕǛǩǗNJ ǜǚNJǜǒǜǝǐǏǙǘǛǕǏǙǘǔǝǙǔǒǔǘǚǘNjǔǒǛǤǏǑǎǒǜǦǑNJǖNJǜǏ ƲǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǥǕnjcǎǕǒǗǝǙǏǚnjǥǓƮƮǂǒǚǒǗNJǐǏǏǍǘ njNJǗǗǥǏǔǚǘnjǏǕǦǗǥǏǛNJǖǘǚǏǑǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǧǜǘǜnǞǨǑǏ
ǚǏnjǘǕǨǠǒǨǙǘnjǛǏǖǙǝǗǔǜNJǖƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟǗNJǓǜǒǜNJǔǘǓ ǚǒNJǕNJǖǒǙǘǛǏǕǒǜǦǚNJNjǘǡǒǟǗNJǓǜǒǧǕǏǔǜǚǒǔNJnjǥǑnjNJǜǦ ǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǒǑǛǘnjǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǜǏǟǛNJǖǥǟǎnjǝǟǙǘǕǘnjǒ Ǖǩǐ~ǔǚǏǙǒǕǛǩǡǏǜǔǘǝǔNJǑǥnjNJǕǒǗNJǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ
ǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǘǔǘǚǒǕNjǥǛǏǚǎǠNJnjǛǏǟ NJcǙǚǏǎǥ ǛNJǗǜǏǟǗǒǔNJƪcnjcǖǘǏǖǎǘǖǏnjǛǏǍǘǜǘnjǘcǷǔǝǙǒǕǒcǐǒnjǒ ǗǘǔǔNJǐǎNJǩǙǘcǖǏǜǚNJƬcǘǎǗǘǓǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǕNJǛǦǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ ƲǑǜǏǟǐǏǛǘǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǓǜǏǙǕǘǜǥ Ǚǚǘ
ǎǝǣǒǏǕǏǜǧǜǘNjǥǕnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǛǝǍǝNjǘǒǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǦǗǥǓ LJǜǘǔNJǔǖNJǢǒǗNJcǷǛǏǕǒcǙǘǏǟNJǕ~ ǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩnjcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǟǘǜǩǑǘǗǒ ǛǜǘǜǥǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǒ ƮƮǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓ
ǜǘnjNJǚ ƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǏǖǝǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǒǛǙǘǕǗǏ ƼǏǖNJǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǩǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕNJǒcǍNJNjNJǚǒ ǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǗNJǜNJǔǘǖǙǩǜNJǡǔǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǝǛǕǘnjǗǘ ƺNJǑnjǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǘǗǖǘǐǏǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǒcǷǒcǝǐǏ
ǗǒǩcǷǎǕǩǡǏǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǖǗǏǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏNJcǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏ ǜǥƮƮǔNJǐǎǥǓǏǍǘǖǘǎǝǕǦǒǖǏǏǜǚǘnjǗǘǜǘǜǙǚǏǎǏǕǦ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǘǜǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǘǜǍǘǚǘǐǏǗNJǢǔNJǞǘǖ njcǙǏǚnjǥǟǖǘǎǏǕǩǟǛǑNJǎǒǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǎǘNjNJnjǒǜǦǔǘǖǗNJǜǝ
ǛNJǖǘǙǘǛǏNjǏǧǜǘǗǏNjǥǕǘǒǗǗǘnjNJǠǒǏǓǗǘnjǘǛǜǦǨNjǥǕǘ ǗǥǓǚNJǑǖǏǚǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǖǘǐǗǘǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǒǜǦǙǘǗNJǢǒǖǎǘ ƻNJǖǥǓ ǙǏǚnjǥǓ ƮƮ ǒǖǏǕ ǙǕǘǣNJǎǦ ǛǙǏǚǏǎǒcǷnjǏǚNJǗǎǝƬcǧǜǘǖǏǍǘǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǏ
ǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘ ƬǜǚǏǜǦǒǟǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘ ǚǘǍNJǖƮǘǖǛǘǛǜǘǒǜǒǑǎnjǝǟǖǘǎǝǕǏǓcǷǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǥǟ cǔnjcǖƬcǗǏǖǜǘNJnjǜǘǚǒcǙǘǛǏǕǒǕǛǩnjcǎǏǔNJNjǚǏcǍǘǎNJ ǘǜǛNJǖǥǟǙǏǚnjǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǖǘǎǝǕǦǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ

240 
ɲ ɳ
ɲ Xhfu{ejn- '

P    & 
£hff›f 
- ?>@> W R_R) <VU#U _VU ;URW) _VU R* 'U#^ ;Uw"UŠ

ɳ ]E
;  )V‰ *!* VXVV‰ "X*'W R ^NU")*V"UX*R*

<J

 #
- ; UVX*!RUV*ˆ JxNU#U UVN*)‰RU#U wJw_J

  
 ;USVU'^ UwN) V*'^ 'UN^)‰R‡. NU'U" #N* JxN‡ˆ
zst{je ??M T
 
- 'Ux*V "‡!XV‰ R^xR^] 'UN*)‰ <Xw'*X- w#UXUNRW XŠ
R @GQ>PE .V*JV^X NU)xR ;*X*VV‰ !‡V‰ R!UXU' !^'# <VV‰
 U

 -
ɴɵ #UVU"‡' ;XUN^JVU' ;UVX*!)*RW NUV^;R‡' <'UŠ
N N P QQ- ?>@Q- "‡'- VJ' <!‡) '‡ˆ ;*X"‡ˆ N^!)‰NU'< NU'J w
U/
 

 N"^. 'UN^)*ˆ <R^w)U'- <"<'U' R_)* N)W R !‡)U
ɴ ɵ ;XUX‡"U' N*)V‰ 'UN^) R ;XUw"UNV"* <;X"*wV .
<#UVU"Uˆ 'UwJUˆ ^RVwU' <V*J)U;J*V'-
RU ;UV*;*RRU w _*V V*.RU)U#ˆ <U!Ž*'U" ;XUNx V;UŠ
"Uˆ N^!)‰NU' V) N*a*")* !‡VX** <J_*V"*RR** )]Š
!‡. R)U#U"- <V^V W<;URW) _VU RN"N^)‰R‡* NU' ™;^Š
Jˆ <'UN^)‰R‡*š .UXUa N)W ;X*‡ RU *) V‡ .U_*a‰
N*)V‰ X.V*JV^X^ N*ˆV"V*)‰RU 'U"Uˆ <NUV^;Š
RUˆ VU R^xR‡ *XˆR‡* X*a*RW "<JUVUX‡. U;V'wXUŠ
ǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǒǞǒǗǛǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥLjǟNJ "R <;XUN^'R JxNW N*V)‰- "<V;U"‡. NU'. VX*V‰*ˆ
ǗǒƹNJǕǕNJǛǖNJNJǒcƴǚǒǛǜǒNJǗƭǝǕǕǒǔǛǏǗ *X R*)‰wW R_*#U '*RWV‰< RU '*RRU ;UVU'^ _VU V^V
njcǗNJǡNJǕǏǟƲǟ1SHYPMcǷǧǜǘ ;XUN^'R JxNW '*)U_‰- SVU ^x* R* ‡XUˆ ;XUVUV; RU
ǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǖǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦ <R* NUXU#Uˆ RN"N^)‰R‡ˆ NU'- SVU #UVU"U* X*a*R*
ǗNJǩǛǒǛǜǏǖNJ~ǗNJNjǘǚǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǒǑǔǘ N)W 'Š ' XJ*V- <'U'*RV U;)V‡ NU 'U'*RV ^VRU"Š
ǜǘǚǥǟǖǘǐǗǘǛǕǘǐǒǜǦǛNJǖǥǏǚNJǑǗǥǏ J #UVU"U#U NU' 'Ux*V ;XUˆV N*WV‰ NR*ˆ- ;UJ^;V*)‰
ǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǠǒǒǕǨNjǘǓǔǘǗǞǒǍǝǚNJǠǒǒƷǘ ;XUVU !*X*V NU' <;U)J-
njcǛǕǝǡNJǏǛcƮƮNjǘǕǏǏǜǘǡǗǥǖǛǕǘnjǘǖNjǝ
ǎǏǜnǚNJǑǎnjǒǍNJǜǦ~ ǒǕǒnǗNJǚNJǣǒnjNJǜǦ~ 
NJcǗǏnǔǘǖNjǒǗǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ~ƲcǟǘǜǩǔǘǖNjǒǗǒ
ǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǎNJǏǜǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥNjǘǕǦǢǝǨ
ǛnjǘNjǘǎǝǗNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǏǔNJǔǝNjǏǎǒǕǛǩ ǒǎǏǜǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦcǷǙǚǘǧǜǘǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏƮƮ
ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjnjcǧǜǘǖǚǏǎǔǘǛǕǝǡNJǏǜǛǩ ƹǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǦnǒǖǏǜǦ~ǛǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǨnǙǘǕǦ
ǗǝǐǎNJǍǘǚNJǑǎǘnjNJǐǗǏǏǒǖǏǜǦnjǥnjǏ ǑǘnjNJǜǦǛǩ~ ǔNJǚǢǏǚǒǗǍǔǘnjǘǚǔǒǗǍǔǘǕǒnjǒǗǍ ǑǗNJǡǒǜnjǛǏ
ǚǏǗǗǝǨǒǛǟǘǎǗǝǨǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǠǒǨ NJcǑNJ ǖǏǗǦǢǏnjǏǣǏǓǒcnjǛǏǛǔǚǘǖǗǏǏǚNJǑǖǏǚǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǍǘ
ǙǚǘǛǥǙǘǜǚǏNjǒǜǏǕǏǓnjcǧǜǘǖǛǏǍǖǏǗǜǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǙǘǧǜǘǖǝƮƮǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓƽǛǔǘǚǩǨǣǒǓǛǩ
njǛǏǜNJǔǒǙǕǨǛǖǒǗǝǛǙǘǟǘǐǒ ƪcnjǘǜ ǚǒǜǖǛǖǏǗǥnjǛǏǍǘǙǚǒǑǥnjNJǏǜǗǏǑNJǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǜǦǛǩǗNJnnjǏǡ
ǝǐǏǘǜnjǏǜǒǜǦǗNJǙǚǒǚNJǛǜNJǨǣǝǨǛǏ ǗǘǏ~ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǛǚǘǔǐǒǑǗǒƮƮcǷǕǏǜƶǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ
ǖǦǨƮƮǖǘǐǏǜcǷǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔǘǓǎǘǙǘǕ ǎǒǔǜǝǏǜǗǏǙǚǒnjǩǑǥnjNJǜǦǛǩǔcǖǏǛǜǝǙǘǧǜǘǖǝƮƮǖǘǐǏǜ
ǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǐǒǕǥǟǖǘǎǝǕǏǓ ǙǏǚǏǏǑǐNJǜǦƹǏǚnjǥǖǙǘǖǏǗǩǕǎǒǛǕǘǔNJǠǒǨǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ
ƲǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǏǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǎǘǖNJǙǘǘǛǒ ǐǏǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǏǗǏǚNJǕǒǑǝǏǜǧǜǘǜǟǘǎǛǘǘNjǣNJǩǕǨNjǘ ǏǛǕǒǝcǙǏǚnjǥǟƮƮnjǟǘǎNjǥǕǡǏǚǏǑǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǜǘǜǝǜ ǗǥǓǎǘǖƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJǙǘǜǘǖǏǑǎǒǕǒǛcǖǏǛǜNJǗNJǖǏǛǜǘ
ǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǜǘǜǛNJǖǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǓNjǥǛǜǚǘ ǖǝǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǝǛǜNJǜǝǛǑǚǏǕǒǣNJNJcǎǘǖǝǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ ǝǐǏǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩNjǘǔǘnjǘǓnjǟǘǎǛcǜNJǖNjǝǚǘǖƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǛNJǖ njǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǏǎǘǖNJ ǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǏǚǏǐǒǕǒǝǐǏǜǚǒǙǏ
ǛǜNJǕǝǑǗNJnjNJǏǖ ǒcǙǘǔǝǙNJǏǖ ǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǛcǚNJǛǙǕNJǛǜNJǗǗǘǓ ǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗǗǝǨǙǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǨǔcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǡǜǘǗǏ ǖǘǎǝǕǦǝnjǏǕǒǡǒǕǛǩǛcǎǘcǖǏǜǚNJ ǚǏǏǑǎNJ NJcǎǚǝǍǒǏǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǛǦnjcǜǥǛǩǡNJǟǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚǘnjǘǜ
ǔǚǘnjǕǏǓ ǝǔǕǘǗǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǔǚǥǢǒǒcǛǜǏǗ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǗǘǔNJǔǜǘǒcNjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘ ƬǏǗǠǘǖnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǙNJǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǩǛǜNJǕ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJcǷǗNJNjǏǚǏǍǝƴNJǛǙǒǓǛǔǘǍǘǖǘǚǩƲcǛǏǍǘǎ
ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǓǜǘǚǏǠǞNJǛNJǎƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǡǜǘnjcǘǜǕǒ ƹǚǒ ǧǜǘǖ ǝc NJnjǛǜǚNJǕǒǓǛǔǘǍǘ &VII^I ƮƮǚNJǑǗǒǠǝǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǛcǙǏǚnjǥǖƮƮNJnjǜǘǚǘǙǒǛǥ ǗǩƮƮǖǘǐǏǜǔǝǎNJǝǍǘǎǗǘǙǚǒǏǟNJǜǦ ǒcǎNJǐǏǙǚǒǕǏǜǏǜǦ
ǡǒǏǘǜNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjNJǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǟǎǘǖǘnjƮƮǗǏǚnjNJǕ ,SYWIǏǛǜǦǒcNjǘǔǘnjǥǏǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǏǘǔǗNJǒcǙǘǖǏǚǏǜǘǍǘ njNJǕǔNJǔnǖǏǐǎǝǛNJǖǥǖǙǏǚnjǥǖǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙǘǖǖǏǚǛǏǎǏ ǘcǡǏǖǛǖǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǝǨǍǕNJnjǝ 89 
ǛcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǏǓǒcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǖNJǜǏǚǒ ǔNJǔƮƮǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǛǩǎǕǒǗǗǏǏƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǒcǧǜǘnjǑǩǕǗNJ ǛNJǗNJǙNJǚǘnjǘǖǎnjǒǍNJǜǏǕǏǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒ Ʒǘ ǧǜǘ njǛǏ ǘNjǣǏǖǒǚǘnjǥǏ ǜǚǏǗǎǥ
NJǕNJcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǒcnjcǒǑNjǏƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǗǏǖǗǘǍǘ njǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏƲcǘǗǘǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦnjǏǛǦǖNJǔǛǜNJǜǒǛǏǖǦǩǖǘNjǏ ǜǏǕǦǛǔǒǖǖNJǓNjNJǟǘǖ~LJǜǘǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǏǖǘǐǏǜǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩ NJcǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǛǝǍǝNjǘǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔNJǩǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǔNJǛnjǩǑNJǗǗNJǩ
ǖǘǎǒǞǒǠǒǚǘnjNJǗǘǎnjǝǛǔNJǜcǷǗǘNjǏǑnjǥǩnjǕǏǗǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǒ ǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǩǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǥǓnjǒǑǝNJǕǦǗǥǓǔǘǗǜNJǔǜǚǘǎǒǜǏǕǏǓ ǗǏǚǏǕǏnjNJǗǜǗǥǖnjǗǏǢǗǏǜǘƮƮǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǒǑǖǏǗǒǕǛǩ ǔNJǔǚNJǑǛcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓǜǚNJnjǖǘǓcǷǛcǜǏǖǛNJǖǥǖǕǏǜǗǒǖ
ǒcǔNJǚǗǒǑǘnjNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǛǙǚǏǛǛǘnjNJǗǗǥǓnjǘǏǎǒǗǘǜǏǖ njcǎǘǖǏǛcǎǏǜǦǖǒǗNJǝǕǒǠǏƬcǚǘǛǜƮƮǙǘǢǏǕǝǐǏǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǝǔǚǝǙǗǒǕǛǩƷǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏnjǛǏǧǜǘnjǚǏǖǩ ǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǖnǙǚNJnjNJǗNJǎǘǖ~ƲǑNjǥnjNJǩǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǗNJǢǡǏ
ǛNJǖǥǖǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJƻǙǕǘǢǗǘǏǐǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏ ǍǘǎǛǙǏǚǏǎǒǙǘǩnjǒǕNJǛǦǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǒǕǒnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ ǛǑNJǎǒcǷ ǚǘǛǕǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘnǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǥǟ~ǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǒǟcǷǒcǛNJǖǘ ǕǘnjǏǔnjǛǏǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǗNJǏǛǜǦǛǩǗNJǛǥǜǒǜǦǛǩǒcnjǛǏ
ǞNJǛNJǎNJcǷnjǥǑǘnjǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǜNJǔǘǍǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖ ǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǖǘǎǝǕǦǛcǘǎǗǘǓǒǕǒǎnjǝǖǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǖǒ ǍǘǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǛǜǏǔǕǘǙNJǔǏǜǘnjǒcǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǩǒcǛNJǗǜǏǟǗǒǔǒ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǒcǛǜǚǘǒǜnjǛǏǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǏǏǒcǧǔǛǔǕǨǑǒnjǗǏǏǙǏǛǜǝǩ
ǎǘǖǏǏǣǏǗǏNjǥǕǘƷǘǜNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcnjǛǏnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǏ ƷǘǜǝǜǐǏǛǜNJǕǘǩǛǗǘǡǜǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǎǘǖNJnjcǧǜNJǔǝǨ ƪcnjccǍǘǎǝǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǠǏǕǥǓǙǘǛǏǕǘǔnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖǘnjǘ~cǷ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖNJǚǟNJǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǝǜǏǚǏǜǦǗǘǛǛǘ
ǧǜǘǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǘǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǔǘǓǘǗǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎNJǏǜnjcǎǘǖ nǔǘǕNjNJǛǝ~ǙǘǚǘǡǗǘǒcƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǚǒǛǔǗǝǕǚNJǑǎnjǒǗǝǜǦ ǛǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑƮƮƬǛǏǍǘǐǏǔcǘǛǏǗǒcǍǘǎNJ ǛǏǎǝƲcǜǝǜƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǔNJǔNjǥǛǗǘnjNJǕǒǢNJǏǜǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ
ǛnjǏǜǗǘǒcǧǖǘǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǔǘǖǙǏǗǛǒǚǝǏǜǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǛǜǦǏǍǘ ǑǎNJǗǒǏnjcǢǒǚǒǗǝƻǘǟǚNJǗǩǩǝǔǕǘǗǔǚǘnjǕǒǒcǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǏ NjǥǕǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǘǒcǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǘǧǔǑǏǖǙǕǩǚǘnj ǎǘǖNJcǷnjcǛǖǥǛǕǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǛNJǖǘnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǩǡǏǚǏǑ
ǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǘnjƼNJǔǘǓǙǚǒǏǖǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜnjǘǖǗǘǍǒǟǒǑnjǏǛǜ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǘǗnjǛǜNJnjǒǕǖǏǐǎǝǎnjǝǖǩǖǘǎǝǕǩǖǒǏǣǏ ƸǍǕǝǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǝǛǙǏǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǘNjǤǩǛ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖƷǘǜNJǔǕǒǧǜǘǝǐNJǛǗǘǔNJǔǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ#
ǗǥǟǖǒǗǒǎǘǖNJǟnjcǢǘǜǕNJǗǎǛǔǘǖǘǜ6E[%VGLMXIGXYVI ǘǎǒǗƴNJǚǔNJǛǧǜǘǍǘǖǘǎǝǕǩǘNjǚNJǑǘnjNJǕǒǚNJǖǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏ ǗǒǖǜǏǖǡǜǘƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǝǝǎNJǕǘǛǦǛǘǑǎNJǜǦǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘ ƶǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜnjcǧǜǘǖǏǛǜǦǍǕǘNjNJǕǦǗǘǏǙǚǘ
 ǍǘǕǕNJǗǎǛǔǘǖǘǜF]%VGLMXIGXW  NJnjǛǜǚNJ ǙǚǒǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǔǏǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǕǒǛǦnjcǙǕǘǛǔǒǏǢǜNJNjǏǕǩǒcǜNJǔǒǖ ǝǎNJǡǗǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓǙǚǘǏǔǜǗǘǠǏǕǝǨǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǨ ǑǚǏǗǒǏcǷǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjǘǘNjǣǏǑNJǜǏǨnǎǘǖNJǔNJǔNJnjǜǘǙǘǚ
ǕǒǓǛǔǘǖǘǜƺVIFYMPX  ƷǘǝcnjǛǏǟǝcǗǒǟǧǜǘǜǘǛǜǏ ǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǚNJǑǚǝǢNJǕǒǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǨǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ NJcǜNJǔǐǏ ƸǗNJǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥnjǥǚNJǛǜNJǕNJǒǑǖǏǗǩǨǣǏǍǘǛǩǎǝǟNJ ǜǚǏǜNJ~ǚNJǎǒǛNJǖǘnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǩnjcǡǏǖǜǘǎǚǝǍǘǖ#ƲǕǒǔNJǔ
ǔǕǏǗǗǥǓǛǚǏǑǜǘǚǠNJǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǗǔNJǔǒǖǗǒNjǝǎǦnjǘǛǟǒ ǘNjǚNJǑǒcǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǨ ƬcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦNjNJǕǔǒǔǘ njǚǏǖǏǗǒNJcǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǎNJnjNJǕNJǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǜ ǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǝǏǜǧǜǘǛNJǖNJnjǜǘǚnƼǚNJǜǦǜǏnjǚǏǖǩǗNJǕǨNjǘnjǦ
ǜǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖnjǒǎǘǖǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎǘǖǒcǍǕǩǎǒǜƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnj ǜǘǚǥǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǛǜNJnjNJǕǒǛǦǘǜǔǚǥǜǥnjǑǘǚǝƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘ njǏǜǥǗNJǧǜǒǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǩƷNJǛǖǏǗǝǔǝǕǦǜǝNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǒ ǒcǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǩNJcǗǏǗNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǒcǚǏǖǘǗǜ~

242 
67.
/# "
 3
UNR w ;)]U" N*X*"WRRU#U NU'< "<VU'
_VU UVN*)J RJJW R* R^xR- R "R^VX


 
 

 R<  RX^x- W<"UU!~* X*"RUVRU UVRUa^‰
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 3   ). J<V*.RU)U#W' <'V*X)'F ;XUN^JV VXUV*)‰V" NU)Š
x*R !‡V‰ XUxN*R R '*V*- N <VRNXV‡ SJU)U#_RUŠ
 
    
V ™.UV‰ W<<R*<)]!)] SVU )U"Uš VUx* ^_V‡"]V ;XUŠ
  *6 !" # .UxN*R* 'V*X)- NU' w J)**RU#U !X^ RVU)‰JU
(( .UXUaU N*XxV V*';*XV^X^ _VU ^N)U‰ U!UˆV‰ !*w

 
 3     J)'VŠJURVXU)W- <JUR`*;`W wJ)]_)‰ "<VU' _VU!‡
R*<N*)V‰ )aR* Rx*R*XR‡* V*'‡ ;UVU'^ _VU UR
R*!*wU;R‡ N)W _*)U"*J-

ǗǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǡǜǘnjǛǏǞNJǛNJǎǥǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǚNJǑǗǥǏǘǗǒǔNJǔ ǞNJǛNJǎǥƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǛǔNJǜǥǙǘǕǘǍǒǘǗǒǗǒǔNJǔ
NjǝǎǜǘǘǜǚNJǑǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjƹǏǚnjǥǓ njǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǓ cǷ ǗǏǖǏǢNJǨǜǝǕǒǡǗǘǖǝǞNJǛNJǎǝǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǓ
ǧǎNJǔNJǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔNJǩnjǒǕǕNJnjcǎǝǟǏƺǝǎǘǕǦǞNJǂǒǗ njǒǕǕǘǓǛcǙǕǘǛǔǘǓǔǚǘnjǕǏǓƪcǑNJnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǢǦǑNJǝǍǘǕcǷ
ǎǕǏǚNJnjǜǘǚǘǓcǷǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔNJǩǒǑNjNJǛcǏǏǟNJǘǛǘǖǘǔǘǗ ǒcnjǒǎǒǢǦǜǝǛNJǖǝǨnǒǑNjǝ~ǛcǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǏǖǘǔǘǗƪcǙǘnjǏǚǗǝnj
ǙǚǘǚǝNjǕǏǗǗǥǟnǙǘǗNJǎǘNjǗǘǛǜǒ~ǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǒǑǍǒNjNJǨ ǛǗǘnjNJǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǢǦǞNJǛNJǎǍǚǘǖNJǎǦǏǖǛnjǘǒǟǘǔǘǗ
ǣǒǓǛǩnjcǜNJǔǜǙǚǒǚǘǎǏƪǕnjNJǚƪNJǕǜǘǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǥǓǛNJǖǥǓ ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǣǒǓnjǒǕǕǝƾǒǢǏǚNJnjcƹǏǗǛǒǕǦnjNJǗǒǒ  
ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓcǷǚNJǑNjǒǜǥǓǗNJǜǚǒǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǟǘǔǗNJǗNJǙǘ njǏǕǒǔǘǍǘƵǝǒǛNJƴNJǗNJȁƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǢǜǘǚǗNJǧǜǒǟǘǔǗNJǟǗǏǜ
ǖǒǗNJǏǜǘcƵǝǒǛǏƴNJǗǏƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǎǒǔǜǘnjNJǗNJǜNJǔNJǩ NJcǑNJNjǘǚǗNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǛcǕǏǛǘǖcǷǡǒǛǜǘǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ
ǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǦǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǏǓǙǏǚnjǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǔcǎǘǚǘ nƷǝǒcnjcǡǏǖǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJ#cǷǗǏǎǘǝǖǏnjNJǏǜƴǝǑǗǏǠǘnjcǷljcǑNJ
ǍǏnjǜǘǚǘǓcǷnjǘǎnjǘǚǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǔcǑNJNjǘǚǝǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǥǓcǷ ǜǘǡǜǘNjǥǕǨǎǒǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍNJnjǒǎǏǕǒƶǏǗǩǧǜǘǗǏǛǖǝǣNJ
njcǕǏǛƷǘǛǜǘǕǦǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǛǜǒǕǏǓǛnjǩǑNJǗǘ ǏǜljcǛǡǒǜNJǨǡǜǘǧǜǘǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǔǘǗǜǚǘǕǩ~
ǏǣǏǒcǛcǜǏǖǔNJǔǑǎǏǛǦǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗNJǔǕǨǡǏnjNJǩǜǏǖNJ ƼNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcǝcƴNJǗNJǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǖǝnjǏǚǜǒ
ƻnjǘǓǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǎǘǖǒǑǔǕǏǏǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJƻǏǚǍǏǓƴǝǑǗǏ ǘNjǣǒǓnjǒǎcǷǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǏǍǘǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǛǘǚNJǑǖǏǚǗǥ ɭ )
 J- "
 ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘcǷǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩ ǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǝǘǔǗǝǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩNjǘǕǦǢǘǖǝǔnjNJ
ǠǘnjǗNJǡNJǕǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔǘǍǎNJǏǣǏǗǏNjǥǕǍǕNJnjǗǥǖ ǗǒǢNJǖǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǒcǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘnjǟǘǎNJǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǜǘǜǐǏ T
: <.   a- ƹǘǗǩǜǗǘǙǘǡǏǖǝnjcǒǑNjǏǔǘǗǏǔǒǎǏǜǙǘ ǎǚNJǜǗǘǖǝcǷǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩƷǘǏǛǕǒǝcƴNJǗNJǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǒcǍǘǛǜǒ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖƶǘǛǔnjǥƪcNjǥǕǙǚǘǛǜǘǖǘǕǘǎǥǖǝǛǙǏǢ ǡǏǚǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒǘǔǘǗƺǏǢǏ 1967 ǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǘǓǘǛǒǑǎNJǗǒǩǜǘǕǦǔǘǜNJǔǖǘǐǗǘǙǘǕǝǡǒǜǦ ǗNJǩǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǥǔNJǖǒǗǘǖǜǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǗǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǑNJǖǥǔNJǏǜ
ǗǥǖǧǗǏǚǍǒǡǗǥǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǘǚǒǏǗǜǒ ǗǒǏnjǟǘǎNJnjcǎǘǖǔNJǔǗǒǢǒǎNJnjǗǘǛǜNJǕǘǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǖ ǜǚǏNjǝǏǖǥǓǝǔǕǘǗǔǚǘnjǕǒƷǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǙǚǏǎ ǍǕNJnjǗǝǨǘǛǦ njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓnjǒǜǚNJǐcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩcǷǔNJ
ǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǖǒcǛcǝǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǡǏǛǔǒǖǜNJǕNJǗǜǘǖƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǏǍǘ ǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒǛcǗǒǢǏǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǘǗǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜ ǙǘǡǒǜNJǏǜǚǏǢNJǜǦǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǘǛNJǎǔǘnjǗǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓ ǖǒǗ NJcǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǩǒǑǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨǜǥǙǚǘǛǜǘǗǥ
ǎǘǖǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǏǗǒcǝǎǘNjǏǗǗǘǗǒǔǘǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǏǙNJǞǘ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǑNJǔǘǗǘǖǏǚǗǥǖƻǜǘǕǦǐǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏ NJcǒǗǐǏǗǏǚǗǥǖǒǛǚǏǎǛǜnjNJǖǒƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǔǚǘnjǕǩǖǘǐǏǜ ǚǩǏǢǦǙǘǎǙǘǜǘǕǘǔ ǗNJǎǔǘǜǘǚǥǖcǷǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ 
ǛǏǗǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǘǛǘNjǘǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǜǒnjǏǗƬǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǜǘǍǘ ǕǏǗǒǏǘǔǘǗǑNJǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǖǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǑNJ NjǥǜǦǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǝǍǘǎǗǘǙǘǕǘǍǘǓ ǔNJǔnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǗǘǛNJ ǒcǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǢǦǛǩnjcǝǨǜǗǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǛNjǘǔǝǘǛnjǏǣNJ
ǡǜǘǞNJǛNJǎǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǏǜǍǘǛǜǩǛǘǎǏǚǐǒǜnjcǛǏNjǏ NjǘǓǗǒǡǗǥǖǒcǷǛNJǗǝǑǕǥ ǖǘǏǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǏnjcǜǘǖǔNJǔƴǝǑǗǏǠǘnjǏǏǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJ ǏǖǥǖNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǘǖǘǔǗNJƬǘǔǚǝǍǘnjNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǜǘ
ǜNJǔǝǨǎǏǜNJǕǦǔNJǔnjǤǏǑǎnjcǍNJǚNJǐǑNJǔǚǥǜǥǓǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǓ LJǜNJǛǝǍǝNjǘǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǕǘǍǒǔNJnjcǚNJǛ ǏǜƲcǟǘǜǩnjcǙǕNJǗǏǎǘǖǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǏǗǗǏnjǘǑ ǕNJcǷǛǜǝǕǦǩǘǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔǘnjƴNJǗNJǁNJǚǕǦǑNJǒcƺǧǓƲǖǑ
ǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǢǜǘǚǘǓǡǏǚǗǘǍǘǠnjǏǜNJƷǘ ǒcǛcǧǜǘǍǘǖǘ ǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǒǘǔǘǗǛnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗǗNJnjǛǏǖǝǎǘǖǝ ǘǎǒǗǞNJǛNJǎ ǖǘǐǗǘǗǏǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǡǜǘǣǒǙǠǥǔǚǥǢǒǛǖǘǜǚǩǜnjǘǎnjǘǚ NJcǗNJǎǛǜǘǕǘǖcǷǔNJǚǜǒǗNJǔǘǕǕNJǐƹNJnjǕNJƴǒǛǏǕǫnjNJǜNJǔǡǜǘ
ǖǏǗǜNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜǛǩǡǝǎǏǛNJ ǘǗǔNJǔǜǘǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǙǘǚǜǒǜ ǍǕǩǎǒǜǎNJǐǏǧǜNJǔǒǖnjǥǑǘnjǘǖǙǘǗǩǜǒǩǖǘcǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒ  ǒcǗNJǑNJNjǘǚNJcǛǔNJǜǥǙǚǒǟǘǎǩǜǗNJnǝǕǒǡǗǥǓ~ǒcnǕǏǛǗǘǓ~ ǧǜǘǜNJǔǘǓnǝǍǘǕǘǔǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ~NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǎNJǐǏcǷǠǏǕNJǩ

244 
68.
P 0


 

 + ,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  

  ' !" #
(6

     

ǘǛǦƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǗNJǗǏǏnǗNJǎǏǜNJ~ǜNJǔǐǏNjNJǚǗNJǩǛǜǘǓǔNJ
ǒǑǔǘǚǒNJǗNJǒcNjǏǕǘǛǗǏǐǗǥǓǔǝǟǘǗǗǥǓNjǕǘǔƴNJǖǒǗǐǏ
ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩnjnjǏǚǟǚNJNjǘǜǘǓƪǛǕNJǗNJƭNJǓǛǝǖǘnjNJǒcnjǘ
ǘNjǣǏǘǜǡǏǜǔǘǛǜǒǘǛǏǓ NJcǜNJǔǐǏǒǟǑNJǞǒǔǛǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǛǜǒ
ǚNJǑǗǥǖǒNJǚǜǏǞNJǔǜNJǖǒ ǜǝǜǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǢǦǙǘǡǜǒǞǒǑǒǡǏ
ǛǔǘǏǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǏ
ƷǘǡǜǘNjǥnjǛǏǧǜǒǘǛǒǗǏǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǒǛǦ
njcǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǐǏǛǜǔǒǓnǘǚǎǗǝǗǍ~njcnǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏ~Ǚǚǘ
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJnjnjǏǎǏǗǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗǥǓǧǕǏ ǏǍǘǒǑNjǏǐNJǕǘNjǘǓǎǩǎǏǚǏnjǘǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓcǷǒcǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǕ ǔǘǗǠNJǟǎǘǖNJǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǝǛǜǚǘǏǗǥǎnjǏNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒƬcǘǎ
ǖǏǗǜcǷǒcǧǜǘǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJƯǏǛǕǏǍǔNJǙǚǏǝnjǏ ǧǜǘǒǑǍǒNjǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩƪcǜNJǔǘǏǘǜǗǘǢǏ ǗǘǓcǷǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩnjcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǙǘǎ
ǕǒǡǏǗǗǥǓǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜnjcǧǜǘǖǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜǏ ǗǒǏǔcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏnjǔǝǙǏǛcǕǨNjǘnjǦǨǔcǒǑnjǒǕǒǛǜǥǖǕǒǗǒǩǖ ǛNJǖǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓǘǡǏǗǦǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǗǘǒcǎNJǐǏǛcǜǘǕǒǔǘǓ
ǗǘǡǜǘNjǥǒcǘǗNJǗǏǙǏǚǏǜǩǗǝǕNJǘǎǏǩǕǘǗNJǛǏNjǩǙǘǛǕǏǎ ǒcǎǏǚǏnjǝǔNJǔǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǝcǷǧǜǘǝǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǡǒǛǜǥǓƪNJǕ ǚǒǛǔNJcǷǗNJnjǏǚǟnjǏǎǝǜǙǚǘǛǜǥǏǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǗǥǏǕǏǛǏǗǔǒ
ǗǒǓǖNJǚǢǙǚǒǔǚǥǜǝǐǏǗǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖNJcǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖ ǜǘƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǑǎǏǛǦǛǎǏǕNJǗǏǣǏǘǎǒǗǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓǜǚǨǔ nƼNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖcǷǑNJǔǕǨǡǒǕǔǚǒǜǒǔǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƬǕNJ
ǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏǖLJǞǞǏǔǜǗǏǖǗǘǍǘnǖǝǑǏǓǗǥǓ~cǷǏǣǏǒcǙǘ ǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏǗNJNjǚNJǗǗǘǏǒǑǜǘǗǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJ ǎǒǖǒǚLjǑNjNJǢǏnjcǷnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǏǛǜǦǔNJǔNjǥǎnjNJǘNjǤǏǎǒ
ǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǔǚǏǙǩǜǛǩǛǜǝǙǏǗǦǔǒǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǔcǛǜǏ ǘǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩǗǒǐǏǙǘǕNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗǘǒcǗǏǎǘ ǗǏǗǗǥǟǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJcǷnǖǒǚǎǘǕǦǗǒǓ~ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ
ǔǕǝǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩǒǕǕǨǑǒǨǙNJǚǏǗǒǩcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩ ǟǘǎǒǜǎǘǑǏǖǕǒcǷǑNJnjǒǛNJǩǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǓǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǘǓ ǙǘnjǛǏǎǗǏnjǗǥǟǞǝǗǔǠǒǓǒcnǖǒǚǍǘǚǗǒǓ~ǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǏ
ǛNJǖǘǠǏǗǗǥǖNJǚǜǏǞNJǔǜǘǖƷǘnjcǎǘǖǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ ƬǘǜǜNJǔǘǓǘǜǕǒǡǗǥǓǎǘǖǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǛǗǘnjǒcǖǏǡǜNJǗǒǓnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǡǏǚǏǑǖNJǗ
NJcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘcǷǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǒcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǖǗǘǍǘcǷ njNJǕǛǏNjǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƴǝǑǗǏǠǘnjǗǘǑNJǔǘǗǡǒnjǏǍǘǘǗ ǛNJǚǎǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǙǚǘǗǒǔNJǏǜǖǏǎǒǜNJǜǒnjǗǥǓǛnjǏǜ~ƲcǏǛǜǦ
NJǔnjNJǚǏǕǏǓǟǘǑǩǒǗNJ ǡǜǘǒcǧǜǘǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǖ ǔNJǔǚNJǑǛǜNJǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖǍǕNJnjǗǥǖƲcǧǜǘǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗ ƸǛǜǚǘǝǍǘǕǦǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǓǚNJǑǖǏǚnjǥǜǩǗǝǜǥǓ ǎNJǐǏǜǏǚǚNJǛNJcǷǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǗNJǔcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǝ
ƷNJǔǘǗǏǠǏǣǏǘǎǗNJǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJNJcǜǘǡǗǏǏ ǗǘǛǥǍǚNJǕǘǙǚǘǜǒnjǎǘǖNJƸǗNjǥǕǑNJǩnjǕǏǗǗNJǙǚǏǖǒǨ ǘNjǤǏǖǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǓcǷ ǘNjǤǏǖǝNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǒǑǩǣǗǘǒǑǗǏǍǘnjǥǚǏǑNJǗNJ
ǠǏǕǥǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǗǘǕǏǛǜǗǒǡǗǥǓǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǝcǞNJǛNJ ƪƺƿƲ;33(cǷǍǕNJnjǗǝǨnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǚǏǖǒǨnjcǘNjǕNJǛǜǒ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǖǘǕǘǎǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝ ƭNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǎǘǖNJǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕǒǚNJǑǖǏǚǥ
ǎNJǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǏǗǗǘǍǘǗNJǖǒǔNJǔnNJNJǕǜǘnjǛǔǒǓ~ƯǍǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƷǘǡǕǏǗǥLJǔǛǙǏǚǜǗǘǍǘǛǘnjǏ ǏǜǔNJǔǒǑǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗǒǓ NJcNjǘǕǦǢǏǎNJǐǏcǷǒǑǛNJǖǘǘǍǚNJ ǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjnjǛǏǏǍǘǙNJǚNJǖǏǜǚǥǔǚNJǜǗǥǒǟǛǜNJǗ
ǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǛcǜǏǖǐǏǝǛǙǏǟǘǖǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǒcnǔǘǚNjǨǑǒ ǜNJǙǚǏǖǒǒǕǨǎǒǗǏǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǥǏǒcǗǏǙǘǎǔǝǙǗǥǏǛcǩǚǔǘ ǗǒǡǏǗǒǓ njǥǚNJǛǜNJǏǜǘNjǚNJǑǒǑǧǜǒǔǒcǷǧǛǜǏǜǒǔNJ ǎNJǚǜǗǥǖǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǖƼNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnjcǙǘǙǏǚǏǡǗǘǖǛǏǡǏ
NJǗǛǔǒǖ~cǷǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǙǏǚnjǥǖǙǚǘǙǝ njǥǚNJǐǏǗǗǘǓǍǚNJǐǎNJǗǛǔǘǓǙǘǑǒǠǒǏǓǗǏǑNJǟǘǜǏǕǒNjǥǜǦ Ʈǘǖ ǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓ c ǔnjc ǖ  Ǘǘ njc ǗǏǖ ǗǒǒǎǘǖǛǘǛǜǘǒǜǒǑNjNJǕǘǔ cǖ ǛǜǘǏǔ cǖ ǒcǛǜǚǘǙǒǕ
ǛǜǒǕǎǏǚǏnjǘǛǔnjǘǑǦǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǛnjǘǏǍǘǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJ nLJǛǙǚǒ ǑNJǙǘǎǘǑǚǏǗǗǥǖǒnjcǐǏǕNJǗǒǒǙǘǎǕǒǑNJǜǦǛǩǔcǗǘnjǘǖǝǗNJ njǛǏǏǛǜǦƬǗǒǑǝcǷǏǎǒǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǑǘ cǖ ǡǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǖǏǜǚǘnjǥǓǙǒǕǘǖNJǜǏ
Ʒǝnjǘ~ǗNJƬǛǏǖǒǚǗǘǓnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǏcǍǘǎNJnjcƹNJǚǒǐǏ Ʒǘ ǡNJǕǦǗǒǔǝƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǎǘǖǗǏǙǘǙNJǕǎNJǐǏnjcǢǘǚǜǕǒǛǜ ǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǏǗNJǔǝǟǗǨǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǜNJǔǐǏǑǎǏǛǦǛNJǗǝǑǏǕ ǚǒNJǕǗǏǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǩǘNjǚǏǑǔǘnjƬcǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǘǖǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒ
ǧǜǘǜǟǘǎǛǜNJǕǝǐǏǙǘǡǜǒǜǚǨǒǑǖǘǖǒcƴǝǑǗǏǠǘnjǧǕǏǍNJǗǜǗǘ ǙǚǏǖǒǒǟǘǜǩnjǙǘǕǗǏǖǘǍNjǥnjcǗǏǓǒcǙǘNjǏǎǒǜǦ ǒcǍNJǚǎǏǚǘNjǗNJǩǔǕNJǎǘnjǔNJǒcNjǘǓǕǏǚǗNJǩƪcǗNJnjǏǚǟǝnjcǎnjǝǟ ǖǘǎǝǕǏǖǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒnjǢǒǖǢNJǍǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓ cǖ NjǥǕ

246 


#!XV‡ NU' TUX'XU")‰ .UNW w
JUR`*;` ;*X'*VX)‰RUˆ wVXUˆJ ^_VŠ
J X;U)Ux*RW N*X*"‰*" <JXVRUV XwŠ
'*XU" VXUˆ'V*X)U"- JUR`*;`W JXVRUV Xw'*XU"
;Uw"U)) VU_RU X_VV‰ JU)_*V"U VXUˆ'V*X)
wXR** R VN ;XU*JVXU"RW <;UVXUV‰ NU' <'Š
R')‰R‡' JU)_*V"U' U!X*wJU" _VU UJXV)U wVXV‡
<"X*'W-

ǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǓǚNJǑǖǏǚ37&ǙǕǒǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǎǘǖǘNjǢǒǜǛǗNJ njcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǒcǧǔǛǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǒcǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjǛǏǛǜǥǔǒǙǘnjǏǚǟ ¥foo qhopenfonfg-


ǚǝǐǒƸǜǛǨǎNJǐǏcǷǒcnjǥǛǘǜNJǛǜǏǗǥǜǏǐǏcǖǏǜǚNJcǷǧǜǘ ǗǘǛǜǏǓǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖǒƴNJǚǔNJǛǒǑNjǚǝǛNJǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǛcǙǘǖǘ J $ %  ^E -
ǎǕǒǗNJǙǘǕǘǜǗNJǞNJǗǏǚǥǕǒǛǜNJǖǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǎǘǖǘǜǎǏǕNJǗ ǣǦǨnjǚǏǑǘǔǒcǑNJǔǕNJǎǗǥǟǜNJǔǡǜǘNjǥǖǒǗǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ 2016

ǒǑǗǝǜǚǒƼǘǖǝǐǏǖǘǎǝǕǨǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗǥǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚǥǘǔǘǗ ǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǝǍǘǕǔǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǩnjǕǩ
ƬǛǏǧǜǘǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǘǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǎǘǖǘǡǏǗǦǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǗǥǖ ǨǜǛǩǖǘǛǜǒǔNJǖǒǟǘǕǘǎNJ
ƸǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǕǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǎǘǖNJǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚ ƲNjǥǕǘNjǥǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǏǛǕǒNjǥǜNJǔǘǓǙǚǘ
ǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǙǘǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǘǗNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘnjǛǜNJǕ ǑNJNjǘǚ ǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǓǎǘǖǗǏNjǘǚǘǕǛǩǑNJǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦ
ǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǙǏǚǏǜǏǔnjcǛǜǏǗǝǎǘǖNJǔNJǔNjǥǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǩǗǘnjǘǍǘ ƸǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǏcǷnjcǙǘǕǝǜǏǙǕǘǍǘǗǒǜnjǘǑǎǝǢǗǥǓǜǏǙǕǘnjǘǓ
ǛǘǛǏǎNJ ƹǚǒǐNJǕǛǩǐǏǎǘǖǔcǑNJNjǘǚǝǡǜǘNjǥǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǎǏ ǗNJǛǘǛǗNJnjǥǟǘǎǏǛǜǘǒǜǚǏǔǝǙǏǚNJǜǘǚNJcǛnjǏǜǘǎǒǘǎǗǘǏǘǛ
ǚǏnjǦǩǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǛǜNJǚǥǏǛǘǛǗǥƼǘǏǛǜǦǗǏǛǜNJǕ njǏǣǏǗǒǏǚǏǍǝǕǒǚǝǨǜǎNJǜǡǒǔǒƪnjǜǘǖNJǜǒǔNJǛcǔǘǚǚǏǔǠǒ
njǥǙǩǡǒnjNJǜǦǛǏNjǩNJcǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǍǕNJnjǗǘǓcǷǒcǎNJǕǦǢǏ ǏǓǙǘǜǏǖǙǏǚNJǜǝǚǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜǝǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǜǦnjcǎǘǖǏǔǚǝ
njǛǩǙǕNJǗǒǚǝǏǖNJǩǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǜNJǔǐǏNjǝǎǏǜǒǎǜǒǙǘǙǏǚǒǖǏ ǍǕǥǓǍǘǎǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǝǨǜǏǖǙǏǚNJǜǝǚǝ ǏǨǖǘǐǗǘǝǙǚNJnjǕǩǜǦ
ǜǚǝƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜNJNjǥǕǒnjǥNjǚNJǗǥ ǝǎNJǕǏǗǗǘ ƻǏǚǎǠǏǎǘǖNJcǷǎǚǘnjǩǗNJǩǙǏǡǦǛcǎǝǟǘnjǔǘǓ
njǒǗǜǘnjǥǏǛnjNJǒǖǏǗǦǢǏnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǗǘǛǩǣǒǏnjǚǏǎǑǏǖǕǏ ǒcǜǏǙǕǘǘNjǖǏǗǗǒǔǘǖǒǑNjǥǜǘǔǜǏǙǕNJǘǜǗǏǏǑNJǙNJǛNJǏǜǛǩ
ƬcǛNJǎǚNJǛǙNJǟǗǝǜǥNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǘǔǗNJnnjcǙǘǕ~ǒcǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩ njcǜǏǙǕǘNJǔǔǝǖǝǕǩǜǘǚǏ
ǎnjǏǚǦcǷǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǒǗNJǎǏǐǗǘǑNJǣǒǣǏǗǥǛǎnjǒǐǗǥǖǒ ƮǘǖǎǕǒǗǗǥǓǗǘǗNJǛNJǚNJǓǗǏǙǘǟǘǐ
ǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǒǛǜNJnjǗǩǖǒƲcǟǘǜǩǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǎǘǖǖǘǐǏǜ ǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǘǛǜǏǚǝǍǘǕǗNJǔǕǘǗNJǔǚǘnjǕǒƮǘǖǝǑǔǒǓǗǘǧǜǘ
ǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǗǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǑNJǓǎǩnjcǗǏǍǘǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǢǦǡǜǘ ǗǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔNJǩǙǕNJǛǜǒǗNJǔǚǘnjǕǩǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩƲǑǛǘnjǘ
ǧǜǘǏǎǒǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘcǷǘǜǙǘǕNJǎǘǔǘǗǦǔNJǔǚǘnjǕǒ ǔǝǙǗǘǛǜǒǧǜǒǟnjnjǘǎǗǥǟǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǘǗnjǥǛǘǔǒǓcǷǗǘǘǗ
LJǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜǘǒcǖNJǜǏǚǒ njǛǏǍǘǕǒǢǦnǙǘǕǝǜǘǚǔNJ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦǗǒǔNJǔǒǟǩnjǗǥǟǙǚǘǘNjǚNJ
NJǕǘǖ ǒǑǗǝǜǚǒǛǔNJǜǥǔǚǘnjǕǒǙǘǎǢǒǜǥǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǏǓ  ǑǘnjNJcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗǘǓǐǏǛǜǒǔǝǕǩǠǒǒcǷǗǘ
ǒcǖǏNjǏǕǦǨ ǙǘǕǔǒǜǩǗǝǜǛǩnjǘnjǛǨǎǕǒǗǝǛǜǏǗǥ ƴǚǘǖǏ njǛǏnjǖǏǛǜǏǚǘǐǎNJǏǜnjǏǛǦǖNJǗǏǜǚǒnjǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJcǷ
ǜǘǍǘǙǚǘǎǝǖNJǗǗǥǏǝǑǕǥǒcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǙǘ ǛǔǘǚǏǏǍǘǕǕNJǗǎǛǔǒǓǡǏǖǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ ǡǜǘnjǙǘǕǗǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ
ǑnjǘǕǒǕǒǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNjǏǑǔNJǔǒǟNjǥǜǘǗǒNjǥǕǘǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǓ ǏǛǕǒǒcǚǘǐǎNJǏǜǛǩǘǗǒǑǧǜǒǔǒǛǔǘǚǏǏǙǚǘǜǏǛǜNJǗǜǛǔǘǓ 

248 
69.
/ "    
NU' JURVX^JV"RU ;X*NV")W*V U!Uˆ
N*X*"UJ)**R‡ˆ JXJ U!aV‡ˆ RX^Š

 
    x )V"*RR_R‡' ;)RJ*RU' <wR^Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     VX< )V"*RR_RUˆ NUJUˆ ;U U!X*a*VJ' VJx*


w )V"*RR`‡ <N"^. VUXUR JXJ X;U)Ux*RŠ
     ) 
R‡' ;UN ^#)U' AM #XN^U" N)W ^)*RW R*^~*ˆ
   !" # ;UU!RUV JURVX^J`- N*JUXV"RW U!X*a*VJ
(6 R URU"RU' U!Ž*'* NU' ;U"VUXW*V R*^~* U!X*Š

    a*VJ "R^VX SRN"_ ;UN_*XJ"W JX‡V^] V*JVUŠ
RJ^ wNRW _VU R*JU)‰JU N*'V*X)w^*V ;X*U!Š
ɭ ɮ )N]~* #)^.* ;U"*X.RUV V*R NU' <;XN*V
"*ˆ JU';Uw` )*#JUV‰ <wW~RUV‰ UV")*JW UV
RXU_VUˆ UXVU#UR)‰RUV <'URUVURRUV 'RU#UŠ
_)*RR‡. #UXwURV)‰R‡. _)*R*Rˆ ;U"*X.RUV
TNU"-

ɭ N   <$
T
- Z[<

ɮ ‘pkr } [etf—¦ht
qh–enf–nfh- N P 
< 
a
- ?>>=

nƯǛǕǒǜǥǙǦǏǢǦǛcnjǘǚNJǖǒǘǙNJǛNJǓǛǩǑNJǛnjǘǓǔǘǢǏǕǏǔ~ ǑǗNJǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǍǚNJǠǒǘǑǗǏǏƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǚǒǛǝǗǘǔǘNjǚǏǢǏǜǔǒ ƷǘǏǛǕǒǛǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǎǏǚǏnjǗǒǘNjǤǏǔǜ ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖǘǔǘǗǗǒǐǗǒǟǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǧǜǘǖǒǛǘnj


NJcǏǛǕǒǜǥǛǜǚǘǒǢǦǛnjǘǓǎǘǖnjcǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǘǑNJ ǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǏǗǘǗnjcǜǘǡǗǘǛǜǒǙǘnjǜǘǚǩǏǜǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǝǘNjǚǏ ƶǒǟǏǓǔǒǗNJǒcnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜnǔNJǔǗNJǎǘ~cǷǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǖǎNJǡ ǛǔǒǏǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥǙǚǘǚǘǛǕǒǛǔnjǘǑǦǚǝǛǛǔǝǨǒǑNjǝǢǔǝ
NjǘǜǦǛǩǏǍǘNjǏǑǘǙNJǛǗǘǛǜǦǨƸNjǥǡǗǥǏǍǚNJǐǎNJǗǏǚǏǢNJǨǜ ǢǏǜǔǒǔNJǚǔNJǛNJǒǎǝǣǏǓǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnj njcǘǎǗǝ ǗǥǖǎǘǖǒǔǘǖǛcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓcǷǜǘǔcǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝ ƼNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǘNjǏǒǙǘǛǜNJǛǒǟǘǑǩǒǗNJ
ǧǜǘǜnjǘǙǚǘǛǖǗǘǍǘǖǏǜǚǘnjǥǖǒǑNJNjǘǚNJǖǒǗǘǝcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǝcǷǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǒcnjcǎǚǝǍǝǨǛǜǘǚǘǗǝcǷnjǗǝǜǚǒǡǜǘ njǟǘǎǝǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǘǗǘNjǚNJǣǏǗnjǏǛǦǖNJǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǥǖǞNJǛNJ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǔNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƿƿnjǏǔNJǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǝǨǣǏǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ
ǚNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǍǘǚǎǘǛǜǦƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗǛǜǚǘǒǜǛnjǘǓǎǘǖ ǒcǎNJǏǜǎǒNJǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǝǨǛǏǜǔǝ ƽǍǘǕǧǜǘǜǜǘǐǏǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǏǗ ǎǘǖƭǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒǏǘǔǗNJnjǕNJǛǜǗǘǙǚǘǚNJǛǜNJ ǜǘǚNJ ǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǜǛǩcǷǜNJǔǐǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǔNJǔǛNJǝǗNJǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ
ǔNJǔǖǘǗǘǕǒǜǡǦǒǘǔǗNJnjcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǟǘǑǩǏnjǗNJǍǕǝǟǘǑNJ ǘǗǎNJǏǜǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǏǝǛǒǕǏǗǒǏǗǏǛǝǣǏǓǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔ ǨǜǛǔnjǘǑǦǏǍǘǜǏǕǘǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǩǝǐǏǘcǗǘnjǥǟǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǟ ǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǨǜǛǩǘǡNJǍǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǘǎǗǝǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ
ǔǚǥǜǥǛǜNJnjǗǩǖǒǛǕǒnjNJǨǣǒǖǒǛǩǛcǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǜǏǗ ǠǒǒƼǘǏǛǜǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǜNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖnjǥǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǔǚǥǜǝǨ ǖNJǗǛNJǚǎNJǟǗNJǟǕǘNjǝǡǏǗǗǥǟǗNJǛǜNJǚǥǏǎǘǖNJƸǎǗNJǔǘǜǘ ǙǏǡǔǘǓNjNJǗǒNJcnjcǎǚǝǍǝǨcǷǔNJǖǒǗǘǖƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǚǝǛǛǔNJǩ
ǟǘǑǩǒǗnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩcǷǎǘǖǙǚǏǘNjǚNJǐNJǏǜǛǩ  ǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǔǝǑǎNJǗǒǩcǷǒǎǩnjcǧǜǘǖǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒǑNJƶǒǛǘǖ ǡǜǘnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǡǝǎǘnjǒǣǗǘnjcǎNJǡǗǘǖǎǘǖǒǔǏǑnjǝ ǙǏǡǦNjǥǕNJǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǖǗǘǍǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǗǘǒcǛNJǖNJ
ƷǘǜNJǔnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗNJǩǕNJǙǒǎNJǚ njNJǗǎǏǚƺǘǧǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǜǏǟǐǏǠǏǕǩǟǙǚǒǕNJǐǒnjNJǕǔcǞNJ ǡǒǜǔNJǔǘǛǘǑǗNJǗǗǥǓǍǚǘǜǏǛǔǟǘǜǩǒcǜNJǖǒcǜNJǖǚǏǢNJǏǜǛǩ ǒǑNjNJNjǥǕNJnǔǘǛǖǘǛǘǖ~ƪcǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩ
ǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǎNJǏǜǙǘǔǘǩǜǏǙǏǚǦǝǐǏǧǛǜǏǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǝ ǛNJǎNJǖǛnjǘǒǟǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǘnjǎnjǝǜNJnjǚǘnjǥǏNjNJǕǔǒ NJcǗNJǝǙǚǏ ǘǎǗNJǒcǜNJǐǏǡǒǛǜǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǑNJǎNJǡNJcǷǝnjǏǕǒǡǏ nǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǖ~ǒcǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǏǍǘcǷnjǛǏǍǘǔnjǖcǒcǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗ
ǡǝnjǛǜnjǝǑǘǎǡǏǍǘǒcǘǗǘNjǢǒnjNJǏǜǎǘǖǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǓǘNj ǔǒnjcǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒǘǜnjǏǡNJǕǡǜǘNjǏǑǗǒǟXLIFYMPHMRKW ǗǒǏǐǒǕǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJƷǘǑǎǏǛǦNJnjǜǘǚǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘ ǘǗǜNJǔǡǜǘNjǥǗǏǑNJǛǜǒǕNJǜǦǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝnjǒǎǘnjǗNJǚǏǔǝ
ǚǏǢǏǜǔǘǓǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǏǗǩǏǜǘNjǚNJǑǎǏǕNJǩǏǍǘ HMHRSXPSSOVMKLXnǑǎNJǗǒǩǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǒNjǥǔNJǔǗNJǎǘ~  ǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǑǒǚǝǏǜǗǒǑǒcnjǏǚǟǎǏǕNJǩǧǜǒǖNJǗǛNJǚǎǗǥǏǘǔǗNJ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǟǘǑǩǒǗǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǍǘǎnjcǗǏǖǐǒnjǏǜǒcnjcǝǛǗǏǎǝǏǜ

250 
70.
J $  


 
 
 + 5,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

     


  
 
     

 

  -- ( !" #
(6

 
 3 

ɭ ɮ

nƷNJǢNJ njǏǜǟNJǩ ǕNJǡǝǐǔNJ  Ʋc ǙǏǡNJǕǦ


ǗNJǒcǜǏǖǗNJȁ~cǷǗNJǙǒǛNJǕnjccǍǘǎǝ
ǙǘǧǜǒcNjǥǕǔNJǔnjǛǏǍǎNJǜǘǡǏǗƻnjǏǜNJ
njcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǓǒǑNjǏnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕǘǖNJǕǘ
ǙǚǘǏǖǥNjǥǕǒǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǖǒǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘ
ǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǒǗNjǏǚǏǍǜǏǙǕǘǒcǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦ
ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒƬǛǩǔNJǩǐǏǙǏǚǏǚǝNjǔNJǏǏǘǛǕNJNjǕǩǕNJǙǘǧ ǒcnjǛǏǟǒǗǛǜǒǜǝǠǒǓǖǘǐǏǜǙǘnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǛǜǚNJǗǝǔcǛǡNJǛǜǦǨ ɭ ) J:- N ǛǕǏǎǝǏǖǙǘǜǚǏNjǒǜǏǕǦǛǔǘǖǝǝNjǏǐǎǏǗǒǨǡǜǘǡǏǖNjǘǕǦ
ǜǘǖǝǘǔǗNJǎǏǕNJǕǒnjcǎnjǝǟǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǟNjǚǏnjǗNJǟǗNJǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǝ ǗǏǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦ ƷǘǛnjǏǜNJNjǘǕǦǢǏǛǜNJǕǘƻǗNJǡNJǕNJnjcǍǘ <R  <XE- ǢǏǜǏǖǕǝǡǢǏǒcǘNjǤǏǎNJǏǖǛǩǙǘǕNJǍNJǩǡǜǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǚǏ
ǔNJǐǎǘǍǘƲǟǢǒǚǒǗNJNjǥǕNJnjcǶǚNJǑNJNjǘǕǦǢǏnjǥǛǘǜǥ ǚǘǎǛǔǒǟǎǘǖNJǟNJcǙǘǜǘǖǒcnjcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǘǔǗǘǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜ 1901 ǜNJǏǖǟǘǜǩǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǒcǜǏǚǩǏǖ~ƲǗǜǝǒǠǒǩǠǏǗǗNJǩ
NJcǙǚǘǏǖcǷnjcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǛǜǏǔǘǕcǷǑNJǎnjǒǍNJǕǛǩǑNJǛǕǘǗ ǜǏǛǗǒǜǦǛǜǏǗǝƲcǡǏǖǎNJǕǦǢǏǜǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩ ɮ R
  !  - ǗǏnjǑǒǚNJǩǗNJǛǜNJǚǘǖǘǎǗǝǨǔǚǒǜǒǔǝǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǏ
ǔǘǓ nǑNJnjǘǕNJǔǒnjNJǕǛǩ~ ƱNJǜǏǖǗNJǛǖǏǗǝnnjǘǕǘǔǘnjǥǖ~ ǘǔǗNJcǷǜǘǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǏ ǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥǏ ǜǘnjǏǚǜǒ N  <  
- ǗǒǩNJcǜNJǔǐǏǗǏǛǖǘǜǚǩǗNJǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǝǗǥǕǘǓǚǒǜǘǚǒ
ǘǔǗNJǖǙǚǒǢǕǒnǔǘǛǩǣNJǜǥǏ~cǷǛcǔǘǛǩǔǘǖnjǚǝNjǕǏǗǗǥǖ ǔNJǕǦǗǥǏ nǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒǏ~njcǙǘǕ ǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǘǜǙǘǕNJǎǘ 2011 ǡǏǛǔǘǓǞǒǍǝǚǥǡǜǘǚNJǗǦǢǏǜǚNJnjNJNjǥǕNJǑǏǕǏǗǏǏ NJcǔǒǗǘ
ǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǝǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǒǟNjǚǏnjǏǗǑNJǜǏǖǘǗǒǗNJǡNJǕǒǎǏǔǘ ǙǘǜǘǕǔNJƹǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǛǜǦǘǔǗNJǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩ ǗNJǎǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦnjcǔǒǗǘNJcǛǜǒǟǒǙǒǛNJǜǦǘǜǚǝǔǒ ǗǘǛǜǚNJǗ
ǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǘǞǘǚǖǕǩǜǦǛǩƷǘǎNJǐǏǛNJǖǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǗNJ njcǖNJǗǜǚǝnjcǘǎǗǘǑǗNJǡǗǥǓǙǚǒǑǗNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǗǘǡǜǘƺNJǙǙNJǙǘǚǜǗǏǎǘǍǘnjNJǚǒnjNJǏǜǎǚǝǍǝǨǛnjǘǨnjNJǐ
ǕǒǡǗǒǔǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǜǏǖǗǘǜǥǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǚǏǢNJǕƴǘǚǘǜǔǘǏ ǚǥ ǡǜǘnjǒǎǗǘǒcǙǘǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏ NJcǘcǜǘǖǜNJǔǘǓǕǒǝǐǧǜǘ ǗǝǨǖǥǛǕǦnƹǚǒǍǕNJǢNJǩǙǚǒǚǘǎǝnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǛǜǏǗNJǒǑ
ǙǚǘǛnjǏǜǕǏǗǒǏnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏƿƿnjǏǔNJǔǘǍǎNJǛnjǏǜǒcǎǏǚǏnjǘ NjǏǑǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǓǙǕǨǛǑNJǎǝǖǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǙǘǔNJǜǘǕǦǔǘǛNJǖǥǏ ǛǜǏǔǕNJǘǜǡNJǛǜǒnjǥǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǟǘǑǩǏnjǗNJǝǕǒǠǝ~Ƭcǜǘǖǜǘ
ǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǕǒǛǦ njc ǎNJǡNJǟ NjǘǍNJǜǥǟ ǒc ǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǟ ǔǝǙ ǡǝǜǔǒǏǖǥǛǕǒǜǏǕǒƴNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƺNJǙǙNJ njǛǏǒcǎǏǕǘǡǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǥnjǒǎǒǢǦǗǘǒcǜǏNjǩnjǒǎǗǘ
ǠǘnjǑNJǔNJǗǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩnjccǍǘǎǝƻǔǚǘǖǗǥǏǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏ ǙǘǚǜcǷǚǏǎǡNJǓǢǒǓnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǜǒǙNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǍǘǜǏǘǚǏ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǎǘǕǍǘǒcǙǘǛǕǏǎǘ
ǎNJǡǗǒǔǒǝǐǏǗǏǖǘǍǝǜǛǏNjǏǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǜNJǔǒǟǚǘǛǔǘǢ ǜǒǔNJǞǒǕǘǛǘǞNJǗNJǟǘǚǏǜǍǝǚǝưưǒcǞǏǓǛNjǝǔNJ njNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǍǗǝǕ ǜǘǡǗǏǏǚǝNjǒǕ ǛnjǘǨǕǒǗǒǨǛǘǙǚǩǍNJǩ
ǗǥǟǛǜǏǔǘǕǔNJǔǚNJǑNjǘǍNJǜǏnjǢǒǏǗNJǡǝǐǒǟnjǒǢǗǩǟƵǘ nƽǑǔǘǏǘǔǗǘNjǥǕǘǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǘǙǜǒǡǏ ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǝǨǞǘǚǖǝƹǘ
ǙNJǟǒǗǥNJcNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǒǩǘcǎNJǡNJǟǎNJǐǏǒcǗǏ ǛǔǒǖǙǚǒNjǘǚǘǖǘNjǘǛǜǚǩǨǣǒǖǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǍǘ ǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǒǑNjǥnjNJǩǒǑNjǝǘǗǗNJǛǥǣNJǕǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǖǏǡǜNJǏǜƲcǟǘǚǘǢǘǏǣǏǏǛǕǒǘNjǒǜNJǏǜnjcNjNJǚNJǔǏǘǔǚNJ ǒcnjǗǏǢǗǏǍǘǖǒǚNJƭǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǚNJǛǛǏǒ ǛnjǏǜǘǖ ǏǖǝǗǏǛnjǘǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖ ǗǏǜǏǚǩǩǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǜǏǙǕNJ
ǒǗǗǘǖNJcǗǏǕNJǍǏǚǗǘǖ njNJǨǜǒcǙǚǒǜǝǙǕǩǨǜǘǛǜǚǘǜǝǜNJǔǘǍǘǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǩǒcǝǛǜǚNJ ǏǖǝǙǚǒǛǝǣǏǍǘ ƮǏǛǩǜǦǕǏǜǘǗǝnjǏǚǏǗǗǘǎnjǒǍNJǕǛǩǔcǛǘ
ƷǘnjNJǩǧǙǘǟNJǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǛcǙǏǚǏǛǜǚǘǓ ǗǩǨǜǖNJǍǒǨnjǥǑǥnjNJǩǕǒǢǦǝǛǙǘǔNJǒnjNJǨǣǏǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏ ǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǨǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǖǗǘǍǒǖǒNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǑǗNJǗǘǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗ
ǔǘǓNJcǘǎǒǗǒǑǏǏǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǟǕǘǑǝǗǍǘnjnjǙǘǕǗǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjNJnjǗǏǢǗǏǍǘǒcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ ȁ" ǗǥǖƷǘǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǡǜǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjǏǛǦǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǝǐǏ
ǜǝǚǏǗnƫǘǕǦǢǏǛnjǏǜNJ~ƲǖǏǕǘǛǦnjcnjǒǎǝǡǜǘǜǘǕǦǔǘ ƼNJǔǘǜǡǏǍǘǐǏǧǜǒǛǜǏǗǥǘǔǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǙǚǒnjǕǏǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥ# ǛǘǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǩnjcǎǚǝǍǘǖǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǖǗNJǜǚǒǍǘǎNJǚNJǗǦǢǏ
ǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ ǍǕNJǛǗǘǛǜǦǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦ njǛǏǟǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǘnj ƷǏǒǛǔǕǨǡǏǗǘǡǜǘǒǑǑNJǛnjǘǏǍǘǚǘǎNJNJǕǡǗǘǛǜǒƶǥ ƼNJǖnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏƻǘnjǦǩǔǒǝǐǏNjǥǕǒcƼǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǓǙǕNJǗ

252 
  
wJw_J Ra*) !*)U^U" ;U ;^!)J`W' "<x^XR). <R ;*X"Uˆ
x* "VX*_* U!ŽWRWW "U* ;X*NV")*R* U<!^N^~*' NU'* ;XUwR*
TXw^ JUVUXW V) <J)]_U' J<;XU*JVXU"R] <Rw"R*' ;UVŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

XUˆJ- W "*#N ;XUa^ J)*RVU" TUX'^)XU"V‰ wN_^ JJ ' UxRU


JUXU_* *'_*- SVUV ^'R‡ˆ <J^a*RR‡ˆ 'U)UNUˆ _*)U"*J Jw) _VU
*'^ R^xR )U"^aJ N)W U)R`< XJw‡"*V !*)U^U"- TXw ;XU
)U"^aJ^ JX"W <'‡) ** Xw^ RV^V"RU ;URWV*R- X*_‰ U<NU'*
JUVUX‡ˆ U)R`* R* ;UJN*V RJU#N ;XURw‡"W *#U "<XwR‡. ;U'*Š
~*RW. "<V*_*R* NRWF JU#N R w#)WR*a‰ "R^VX‰ '*NU"U#U X^!
U)R`* "*#N #N*Š VU XWNU'< ;^V*VW "<VXU;). #X*V !)J'
R<NU~VU' ;U)^-
^_VUJ N)W "U;)U~*RW JUR`*;` ;UN.UN) N*)‰RU< ! U)‰aUˆ
R *"*XRUˆ <"UVU_RUˆ VUXUR.< ;U)WR #N* NU' <;UV")
R<]xRUˆ <w;NRUˆ< )* JUVUX‡ˆ w~~*V ;UVXUˆJ^ UV )aŠ
R*#U "*V- RU "UV JURVX^JV"RU N*W ;XUwX_RUV ;XURwRRUŠ
V "*VU' UwR_) _VU VXN`URR‡ˆ X^Jˆ X^! R*U!.UNŠ
'U U!*;* _ V‰ U#XU'R‡' ;RUX'R‡' UJR'- _VU U#)V*‰
N U"U)‰RU R*V;_RU- <"UV _VU V;_RU< SVU VU _VU !*)U^U" U<)UxŠ
RUVW. ™!*w JUVUX‡. ;XU*JVXU"V‰ VJ^] aV^J^ R*"Uw'UxRUš R* #UŠ
"UXV " UU!~*- JUX** RU!UXUV- ;X )‰RUˆ N** ;)RXU"U_R‡*
<V*.R_*J* "U;XU‡ X*a]VW U;*XV"RU <;X")‰RU- ;XU*JV
<X!U_W NUJ^'*RV`W !‡) "‡;U)R*R‡ "<xV‡* XUJ< w "U*'‰
'*W`*"- !‡VXU N*)) T^RN'*RV <U!X) R R*' X^! w#UVU"Š
)*RR‡ˆ "< #)_*- wJw_J "U' X^J' <U_*R‰ V~V*)‰RU "*) UVŠ
N*)J^ NU'- "<X*w^)‰VV* '‡ U_*R‰ ;UNX^x)‰- q“ zk—k›egf \<@? ?>@H

njcǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǑNJǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǥǛǜǏǔǕNJǏǎnjNJǗǏǒǑǐǏǚǎǏǓƷǘ ƱNJǛǕǝǍǝǧǜǘǍǘǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǒǩƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnj
ǒcNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒcǖǘǣǗǥǓnjǥǗǘǛǔǚǥ ǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǕǒǢǒǕǘNjǥnjǛǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǠǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ NjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǟǘǑǩǒǗǝǎǘǖNJcǷǔNJǔǒcǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǏǓ
ǢǒƷǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏnjǛǏǚǏǢNJǨǜǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒ NJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǜǘǗǔǘǚǏǐǒǛǛǒǚǝǏǜǛnjǘǓǙǚǘ ǢǝǨǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǝǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǛǜǝǙǏǗǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǜNJǔǐǏ
ǒcǜǘǜǎǘǖǗǏǛǗǒǛǔNJǕǜNJǔǒǟnjǘǛǜǘǚǍǘnjǔNJǔnƵǘnjǝǢǔNJǎǕǩ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǦǒǑǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓnjǒǎǗǥǕǒǢǦǧǜǒ ǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǘǑNJǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǥnjcǛǚǝNjǏƬǥǑnjNJǗǗǥǓǗNJǙǘǏǎǒ
ǛǘǕǗǠNJ~ƪcǜǝǜǛǘǟǚNJǗǒnjǜǝǐǏƼǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǦƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnj ǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǛǚǝNjNJǒcǎǘǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjǙǘǕǗǏǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǖ ǗǘǔǗǘnjNJǜǘǚǘnjƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǘǜnjǏǜǒǕǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǘnƲǎǜǒǗNJ
ǛǎǏǕNJǕǙǕNJǗǝǐǏǛǜǚǘǍǘǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǥǖcǷǛcǚNJnjǗǥǖǒ ƲcǕǒǢǦnjǘǓǎǩnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨNJǟNJǏǢǦǙǘǗǒǖNJǩǡǜǘǗǘǚǖNJ ǛnjǏǜ~cǷǜǚǨǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǗǝǡǒǗǒǕǏǣǏnjcǛNJǖǘǖǙǏǚnjǘǖ
NjǘǔǘnjǥǖǒǔǚǥǕǦǩǖǒƬcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏƼǘNjǚNJǑǗNJǩǙǕNJǗǒ ǚNJǛǛǥǙNJǕNJǛǦnjcǙǝǟǒcǙǚNJǟƲcǜǝǜǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǛnjǘǏǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏƲcǛcǜǏǟǙǘǚǘǛǏnjǘǓǙǚǘǟǘǎ
ǚǘnjǔNJǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗNJnjcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǟǘǗNJ ǜǥǛǖǘǜǚǒǢǦǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǝnjǘnjǛǏǍǕNJǑNJǗǘǒcǘǗNJǛǖǘǜǚǒǜ ǑNJnjǏǚǢNJǨǣǒǓǛǩǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǛǜNJǕǗǏǙǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǦǨ
ǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǑNJǜǏǗǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǒcǝǖǏǗǦǢNJǏǜǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǘǛǜǦ ǘǔǗNJ ǗNJǜǏNjǩcǷǗǏǛnjǏǚǟǝǗǘǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗ NjǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǛǔǒǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǔƯǛǜǦǘǗǒcǑǎǏǛǦcǷǗǏǜNJǔǘǓ
njcǘǔǗNJ ƷǘǙǏǚnjǝǨǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǚǏǢǒǕǑNJǛǡǏǜ ƻǏǔǚǏǜǐǏǡǝǎNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǘǍǚǘǖǗǘ ǎǕǒǗǗǥǓǔNJǔnjcǎǘǖǏnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏƷƲƵ 52 ǑNJǜǘǎǚNJǖNJǜǝǚ
ǜǏǟǛNJǖǥǟǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǟǘǔǘǗNJcnjǜǘǚǝǨcǷǚNJǛǔǒǎNJnjǟǘ ǛǜǒǘǔǘǗǗǘǒcnjcǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓƼǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǒNjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǔǘ ǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǥǓǘǜǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥcǷǡǏǚǏǑǝǑǔǒǓǔǘ
ǑǩǓǛǔǒǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǙǘǔǚǥǕǦǩǖ ǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏ njǗǒǑǝ ǜǘǚǘǓǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǘǛǜǚǒǏǝǎNJǚNJǒcǖǘǐǏǜ ǚǒǎǘǚcǷǛǔnjǘǑǦǝǨǜǗǝǨǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓcǷnjcǛǒǩǨ
ǘǛǜNJnjǒnjǜǘǕǦǔǘǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǘǗǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǏǣǏ NjǥǜǦǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗNJǛcǜǚǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗ ǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǛcǘǎǗǘǓ  ǣǒǓǔǝNjǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓƷǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǗǎǘNjNJnjǒǕǔcǜǏǖǏǏǣǏǘǎǗǝ
ǘǎǒǗǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓǟǘǎǡǜǘNjǥǚǏǢǒǜǦǘNjǏǧǜǒǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǥ ƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǜNJǔǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǕnjǘǙǚǘǛǔǝǎNJ ǞǒǢǔǝcǷǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓnjǘǎǘǙNJǎƸǗǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘnjǥnjǏǕ
ǚNJǑǘǖƬcǛǜǏǗNJǟǛǙNJǕǏǗǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǥǟǔcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǘǔǘǗ ǐǏǙǚǒǜǔǗǝǜǦǔNJǖǒǗNjǏǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǛǏǍǘǎ njǘǎǘǛǜǘǔǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǝǎNJǔǝǎNJǧǜNJǘǛǦǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜnjǘǎNJǙNJ
ǔNJǔǜNJǔǘnjǥǟǗǏǜǗǘǏǛǜǦǣǏǕǒǚNJǑǖǏǚǘǖnjcǘǎǗǘNjǚǏnj ǗǩǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǕǦǑǩƲcnjǥǟǘǎNjǥǕǗNJǓǎǏǗǔǘǗǍǏǗǒNJǕǦǗǥǓ ǎNJǏǜǛcǜǚǏǟǖǏǜǚǘnjǘǓnjǥǛǘǜǥǙǚǩǖǘǑNJǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǕǏǛǜǗǒ
ǗǘǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǨǜǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǛnjǏǜNJǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏ ǔNJǖǒǗǔNJǔǖNJǩǜǗǒǔƾǝǔǘǛǙǝǛǜǒǕǛǩǛcǙǘǜǘǕǔNJǒcǑNJnjǒǛ ǠǥnƴǘǍǎNJǒǎǏǜǎǘǐǎǦcǷǔNJǔǚǏNjǏǗǘǔǚNJǎǝǏǜǛǩƫǏǕǘ
njǚǏǖǩǗǏǎNJǨǜǙǘǕǗǘǓǔNJǚǜǒǗǔǒ ǙǘǡǜǒǙǘǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǑNJǕǥƻcǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǝǛǘnjcǷnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǙǚǒǚǘǎǗǥǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜ~
ƭǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǐǏǑNJǕǒǜNJǛnjǏǜǘǖǜNJǔǔNJǔnjcǎǏ ǒcǙǘǎǛNJǖǥǓǙǘǜǘǕǘǔnjǑǕǏǜǏǕǒǔǗǒǐǗǥǏǙǘǕǔǒcǷǗǏ ƷNJǔǕǘǗǒnjǢNJǩǛǩ ǡǜǘNjǥ ǛNjǚNJǛǥnjNJǜǦ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǏǣǏǗǏNjǥnjNJǕǘƼǚǒǏǏǛǜǏǗǥ ǔNJǔǒǏǗǒNjǝǎǦǗNJǔǕNJǎǗǥǏǒǕǒǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǗǥǏNJcǩnjǕǩǨǣǒ njǘǎǝnjcǧǜǝǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǔǚǥǢNJnjǑǕǏǜNJǏǜnjcǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒǍǘ
ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǥǛǗǒǑǝǎǘnjǏǚǟǝǡǏǜnjǏǚǜNJǩǐǏǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩ ǏǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǨǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘnjcǗǏǓǑNJǙǚǘǏǔǜǒ ǛǜǒǗǘǓ njcǎǘǖǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǗǏƻǘnjǦǩǔǒǘǗNJǔcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǗNJ
njcǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǜǘǏǛǜǦǏǏǜǘǐǏǗǏǜƾNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǜǏǗǗǏǜcǷ ǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǏƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǜǘǕǣǒǗNJǒǟNJǗNJǕǘǍǒǡǗNJǜǘǕǣǒǗǏ ǘNjǘǚǘǜǙNJǎNJǕNJ ƭǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǜǏǙǏǚǦǡǏǜǔǘ
ǎǘǜNJǔǘǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǡǜǘǗNJǎnjNJǎNJǕǦǗǒǟǝǍǕNJǎNJǐǏǔNJǔǜǘ ǔNJǔǘǔǘǗǗǥǟǛǜǘǏǔǜNJǔǒcǜǘǕǣǒǗǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǓNJǗǜǚǏ ǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǒǕǛǩǛǜNJǕǙǕNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒNjǘǕǏǏnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖcǷ
NjǘǕǦǗǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǜNJǔǒǖǒǐNJǕǔǒǖǒǘNjǚǝNjǔNJǖǒnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜ ǛǘǕǒǜǘǏǛǜǦƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǏǗnjcǗNJNjǘǚǏ ǑNJǛǡǏǜǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjǢǏǍǘǛǩnjǥǗǘǛNJNjǚǏnjǏǗnjǘǑǗǒǔǢǏǓǚǏ
ǧǜǒǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǛǚǝNjNJƲcǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƺNJǙǙNJǙǘǚǜ ǖǘǎǝǕǏǓƲǟǙǘǛǝǜǒǎnjNJǜǘǗǔǒǓǒcǜǘǕǛǜǥǓƹǏǚnjǥǓcǷ ǕǦǏǞǗǘǛǜǒǒcǛnjǏǜǘǜǏǗǒǗǘǜNJǔǐǏǒcǑNJǛǡǏǜǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǟ
ǑǎǏǛǦǑNJǎNJǕǛǩNjǥnjǘǙǚǘǛǘǖǑNJǡǏǖnjǘǘNjǣǏǧǜǒǔǝǛǔǒǛǜǏ ǧǜǘǜǏǛNJǖǥǏǛǜǘǓǔǒǒcǙǘǕǔǒNJcnjǜǘǚǘǓcǷǧǜǘǕNJǞǏǜǒǑ ǛǜǚǘǙǒǕǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǜNJǕǒǟǘǚǘǢǘnjǒǎǗǥǔǘǍǎNJǔǚǥǢNJ
ǗǥǏǛǕǒǘǛǗǘnjǘǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǣNJǩǒǎǏǩǧǜǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJcǷ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǛǕǘǐǏǗǎǘǖƹǚǒǧǜǘǖNjNJǚǗNJǩǛǜǘǓǔNJǙǘǔǘ njǑǕǏǜǏǕNJƮǘǖǗǏǛǜNJǕǖǏǗǏǏǝǨǜǗǥǖǡǏǖǏǍǘǙǚǘǘNj
ǘǜǖǏǗNJǛǜǏǗ#ƲǕǒǛǝǐNJǩǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǎǘNjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒ ǒǜǛǩǜNJǔǐǏǗNJǕNJǞǏǜǏcǷǒcǧǜǘnjǒǎǒǖǘǙǏǚnjǥǓǛǕǝǡNJǓ ǚNJǑǗǘǙǚǒǘNjǚǏǕǔNJǔǘǏǜǘǙǘǡǜǒǍǏǚǘǒǡǏǛǔǘǏnjǥǚNJ
ǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘNJǛǙǏǔǜNJǙǘǡǏǖǝǗǏǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǟǙǘǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǓ ǔǘǍǎNJǛǜǘǕǦǎǚǏnjǗǒǓǛǜǚǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǎǕǩ ǐǏǗǒǏǕǒǠNJǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǍǒǖǗǛnjǏǜǝ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjǘǑ
ǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒ#ƬǏǎǦǛǎǏǕNJǗǥǐǏǙǚǘǖǏǐǝǜǘǡǗǥǏǛǜǘǓǔǒ ǛǜǘǕǦǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǒ ǖǘǐǗǘǒcǏǛǜǦƫǘǍ 

254 
71.
ivqfv^fwkx ɭ †sgnes- V
%   % 
˜kregkhek- ?>@M


  
 +,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    $



 
  *% !" #
(% ǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǡǜǘǧǜǘǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥ

  /2 
 ǙǚǒǗǩǜǦǑNJnjǥǛǘǔǘǖǏǚǒǏǗǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏ
%2832,397)njǏǎǏǜǛcǝǕǒǠǏǓǜǘǗǔǝǨǒǍǚǝ
ƸǗǗǏǙǚǩǡǏǜǛǩǘǜǗǏǏǑNJnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǑNJNjǘǚǘǖ
ǏǍǘǘǍǚNJǎNJǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗNJǗǘǒcǑǏǕǘ
ǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗNJLJǜǘǛNJǖǥǓǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓnǗǘǔ
ǜǨǚǗǗNJǞǕǏǓǜǏnjǘǎǘǛǜǘǡǗǥǟǜǚǝNj~cǷǙǘ
ǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǒǑǗǒǟǜǘǕǦǔǘǔǚNJǢǏǗǗǥǟ
njcǡǏǚǗǘǏǘǗNJǒcǛǘNjǚNJǗNJǁǜǘǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘ
ǚǘǗǥǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǎNJǡǗǝǨǜǏǖǝ
nǩcǏǍǘǛǕǏǙǒǕNJǒǑǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǕǘ~ NJcǛcǎǚǝ
ǍǘǓcǷǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǔNJǔǘǗNJǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦ
ǚNJǛǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘnjNJǗNJǜǘǏǛǜǦǙǏǚǏnjǘǎǒǜǏǏnjcǚǏ
ǍǒǛǜǚǎǒǑNJǓǗNJƬǏǎǦǒcǎǒǑNJǓǗƪƺƿƹƸƵljǟǘǜǩ
ǒcǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǗNJǎǏǚǏnjǘǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǒǖǘǍǚNJǗǒ
ǡǒǜǦǛǩǐǏǕǏǑǘǛǜǏǔǕǘǜǔNJǗǦcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘ ǑNJ
ǒǛǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǏǖǙǕNJǛǜǒǔNJǡǜǘǜǘǐǏǑǗNJǖǏǗNJ
ǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǏǛǜǦnjcǒǟǙǚǏǎǖǏǜNJǟƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǒcǎǘǖ
ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǘǓǚNJǑǖǥǢǕǏǗǒǏǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔ
ǒǗǔǘǚǙǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǕǒNjǏǜǘǗnjcǎǏǚǏ
njǩǗǗǘǏǠǏǕǘǏǝǐǏNjǘǕǦǢǏǍǘǖNJǛǢǜNJNjNJ
LJǜǒǖǎǘǖǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǛǩǘǜ
ǛnjǘǏǍǘǙǏǚnjǘǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǖNjǥǕǜǒǙǘ
njǘǓǙǚǘǏǔǜ0EQMREVMEǞǒǗǛǔǘǓǞǒǚǖǥ/SRXMS
ƷǘǏǛǕǒǙǕNJǗǎǘǖNJǘǛǜNJǕǛǩǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǜǏǖ
ǐǏǜǘǘNjǚNJǑNjǥǕǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗ
njcǛǜǘǚǘǗǝNjǘǕǦǢǏǓǐǏǛǜǔǘǛǜǒNJcnjǛǏǗǏǎǏǚǏ
njǩǗǗǥǏǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǒǘǛǘNjǥǓǛǜNJǜǝǛcǷ
ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjƼNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚ
ǔǘǜǏǕǦǗNJǩNjǥǕNJǗǏǛǙǚǩǜNJǗNJǔNJǔǘNjǥǡǗǘ
NJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǗNJnjǒǎǝǑNJǛǜǏǔǕǘǖ
ǛǜNJnjǙǘǡǜǒǖǝǑǏǓǗǥǖǧǔǛǙǘǗNJǜǘǖƪcǝǐǏǘǜ
ǧǜǘǍǘǛǏǚǎǠNJǎǘǖNJǙǘǗǏǖǝǚNJǑNjǏǐNJǕǒǛǦNJǚ
ǜǏǚǒǒǒcnjǏǗǥǙǚǘǚǥnjNJǩǛǦǛǔnjǘǑǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ǗǘǏǜǏǕǘǜǘǛnjǏǜǒǕǦǗǒǔNJǖǒǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǖǒǒǑ
ǜǚǝNjǜǘǛNJǗǜǏǟǗǒǔǘǓƬǟǘǎnjcǎǘǖ ǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗ
ǗNJǎǗǒǖ cǷǒǑǛǜNJǕǒNJcǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǠǏ
ǕǒǔǘǖǘǜǕǒǜNJǒǑNjǏǜǘǗNJƫǏǜǘǗǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǘ
ǛǒǕǒǛcǝǕǒǠǥnjǏǎǚNJǖǒǒcNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘǑNJǕǒnjNJ
ɭ
ƹǚǏǐǎǏǡǏǖnjǑǩǜǦǛǩǑNJǧǜǘǜǎǘǖNjǨǚǘƪƺƿƹƸƵƯǗNJ nƶǥǗǏǖǥǛǕǒǕǒǎǒǑNJǓǗǔNJǔǙǚǘǠǏǛǛ ǔNJǔǘǍǘǜǘǍǚNJǗǎǒǘǑǗǘǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǩcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕƴǘǚǗǏǓ ǕǒnjcǘǙNJǕǝNjǔǝcǷǜǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏnǠnjǏǜǘǔ~njǥǚǘǛǗǏnjǏǎNJǩ
ǝǡǒǕǘǛǦǖǗǘǍǘǡǏǍǘǎǏǕNJǜǦǛcǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǒ ǔǘǍǎNJnjǥNjǒǚNJǏǢǦǖǏNjǏǕǦǙǘǔNJǜNJǕǘǍNJǖǖǥǛǜNJǚNJǕǒǛǦ ǁǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓcǷǽǁǜǘǧǜǘǑNJǎǘǖ#ǻcǷǛǙǚǘǛǒǕǩǽLJǜǘǗǏ ǛǜǥǎNJǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǎǘǖNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘ
ǕǒǜǦǒcǢǕǒǞǘnjNJǜǦǗǘǒcǖǩǜǦǎǥǚǩnjǒǜǦǒcǐǏǡǦ ǒcǖǗǘǍǘ ǛǎǏǕNJǜǦNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǒcǖǏNjǏǕǦǘǎǗǒǖǠǏǕǥǖƷNJǖǟǘǜǏ ǎǘǖǧǜǘǛǜǘǕǻcǷǘǜnjǏǡNJǕƵǏǘǗǒǎƪǗǎǚǏǏnjƸǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ ǎǘǔǝǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǛǩnjcưưǎǚǝǍNJǎǘǖNJƶǒǟNJǒǕNJƷǏǞǫǎǘnjNJ
ǡǏǍǘǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǑǗǏǍǘǛǜǘǕǥǒcǛǜǝǕǦǩǙǘǕǔǒǒcǔǘǖǘǎǥ ǕǘǛǦǗNJǓǜǒǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǜǝǕǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǜǘǕcǷǔNJǔǒǏǜǘǗǏǔǚǒ ǡǜǘǘǗǑNJǔNJǑNJǕNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝƸǕǨǙǚǘǏǔǜǖǗǘǍǘǧǜNJǐǗǘǍǘ ƲǧǜNJǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦ NJcnjcưưǗNJǎǘǖnjǥǕǒ
NjǚǘǢǔǒǒcǖNJǍǗǒǜǥǑǏǚǔNJǕNJǒcǗNJǛǜǏǗǗǥǏǚǘǍNJƶNJǕǘ ǡNJǣǒǏNJcǕNJǔǘǗǒǡǗǥǏnjǏǣǒƫǏǑǕǒǔǒǏǗǘǛcǡǝnjǛǜnjNJǖǒ ǛǜǘǕNJǘNjǥǔǗǘnjǏǗǗǥǓǙǒǛǦǖǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕNjǥǕǏǖǝǜǏǛǏǗ ǕǒǛǦǐǒǚǗǥǏǙǘǜǘǔǒǔǚǒǜǒǔǒ cǷǜNJǔNJǩǐǏǡNJǛǜǦǑNJǖǥǛ
ǔǜǘ njc ƺǘǛǛǒǒ ǖǘǍ ǙǘǟnjNJǛǜNJǜǦǛǩ ǜNJǔǒǖ ǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒ ƻǘǑǎNJǜǦǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǘǚNJcǗǏǎǒǑNJǓǗƲcǔǘǍǎNJǖǥǛǎǏǕNJǕǒ ǒcǖNJǕ~ƸǛǘNjǏǗǗǘ%2832,397)ǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǛǜǘǕǛǘǛǜǘ ǕNJǔNJǔǝǕǒǡǗǥǓǑNJNjǘǚǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǜNJǔǙǚǘnjǘ
Ǐǖc Ƿ ǎNJ ǏǣǏ Ǜc ǝǙǘǚǘǖ ǗNJ ǘǎǒǗ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕ ƹǏǚǏǙNJǎ ǙǏǚnjǥǏǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǥǜǘǙǘǗǩǕǒǡǜǘǒǑǜNJǔǘǓǖǏNjǏǕǒǖǘǐ ǚǘǗǥǝǕǒǠǥǩǣǒǔǘǖnjǥǎnjǒǗǝǜNjNJǕǔǘǗǗǘǐǔǘǓǘǜǛǜNJnj ǠǒǚǝǏǜǒcǒǗǜǚǒǍǝǏǜƬǛǏǧǜǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖǧǜǘ
ǐǏǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǘnjǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǏǛǖǝǣNJǕNJnjǜǘǚǘnjNJcǗNJ ǗǘǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ~ ǕǏǗNJǔǘǕǘǗǗNJǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǙǏǚǏǚǝNjǘnjǔNJǐǝǜǛǩǚǝǡǔNJǖǒ ǏǣǏǒcǢǘǝǚǝǖƪƺƿƹƸƵljǍǎǏǙǚǘǟǘǎǩǜǘNjǔNJǜǔǝǖǗǘǍǒǏ
ǘNjǘǚǘǜǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗNJNjǚǘǢǔǒǔNJǔǗNJNJǚǟǒ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǏǚnjǥǓ ǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǎǘǖ NJcǝǑǔǒǏǘǔǗNJcǷǒǗǔǚǝǛǜNJǠǒǏǓ ǒǟǜnjǘǚǏǗǒǩƸǗǒǎǏǕNJǨǜǛǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǕǩǧǜǘǍǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǝNJcǗNJǖǏNjǏǕǦcǷǔNJǔǗNJǨnjǏǕǒǚǗǥǏǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǒǩ ƪƺƿƹƸƵljnjǥnjǏǚǏǗǒcnjǥǜǘǡǏǗnjcǔNJǐǎǘǓǎǏǜNJǕǒƻcnjǥǛǘ LJǜǘnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǝǔǚǏǙǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǏǖǡǜǘ ǚNJǡǜǘNjǥǙǘǜǘǖǛǜNJǜǦǛǏǚǒǓǗǥǖǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǘǖcǷǔNJǔǗNJ
ƲcNjǘǕǏǏǜǘǍǘcǷǔNJǔǗNJǡNJǛǜǒǏǎǒǗǘǍǘǠǏǕǘǍǘǧǎNJǔǒǓ ǜǥǏǍǘǎNJǐǏǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǒǗǩǜǦǑNJNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǡǏǚǗǥǓǛǜǘǕ ǧǜǘǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǚǏǗǜǝǖNjǥǩǣǒ ǙǚǒǖǏǚǢǔNJǞǥǒcǜǝǖNjǥǍǎǏnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǑNJnjǏǛǥǒǛǙǘǕǦ
ǍǏǑNJǖǜǔǝǗǛǜnjǏǚǔ nƹǘǖǗǨǗǏǑNJǎǘǕǍǘǎǘnjǘǓǗǥǘǗǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǖǗǏǡǏǚǜǏǐ ǔǒǚǝǡǔǒƷǒǔNJǔǘǓǑNJNjǘǜǥǘcǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒƸǗ ǑǘnjNJǗǥǠǏǙǒƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘNjǔNJǜǔNJǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ

256 

 
 
JU#N '‡ R_R) "<?>>=<#UN^ VU N*)) R*!U)‰a*
RV*X‰*X‡< <SVU#U "* R_R]V- RU R 'U'
72.
G
C
N*)* "<R. VU)‰JU x* X.V*JV^X‡ JJ <"<!U)‰a.
 
 
 S35T
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

NU'.< w"V UV VU#U JJ R SVU 'UVX*V‰- <^<R !‡) VU#N NU#U"UŠ  
 
X*RRUV‰ <wJw_JU' _VU ;*X"‡' "<NU' ) J"XVX^ w*wx*' '‡- ^<R
      
R*N*)W <'Ux*' ;X#)V‰ JU#U ^#UNRU- SVU R^xRU _VU!‡ ^wRV‰ 'R*R*
)]N*ˆ U "*x' "w#)WNU' <V*' ;XU"*XV‰ "U N*< X!UV]V ) R*V    


 
VU)‰JU ) R' RX"VW !*VUR <V*J)Ub  
" SVU' '‡)* q…‘„…ƒ„Ÿi¡< "‡.UN R )*N^]~ˆ ^XU"*R‰- SVU VUXW   % ( !" #
JUVUXW w wJw R ;XU*JVXU"R* NU' "‡))‰ "<;XU*JVXU"R*
(%
U!Xw xwR V)W <^")*_*Rˆ *#U .UwW*"< R_RW <RV*X‰*X RU"‡.


 
  
;X*N'*VU" '*!*) ™;*`)‰RU N)W SVU#U NU'š N*V)*ˆ ™R;X'*X J*XŠ
'J JU"XJU" ^'UJ N)W ;U.UN "<'#wRš <wJR_"W JU))*J`*ˆ
ɮ JUR`*;V^)‰RUˆ UN*xN‡ N)W w#UXUNRUˆ xwR-
'‡ R_) SVUV ;XU*JV "<?>@@<#UN^ <UR NU . ;UX R* wJUR_)W <"<_*'Š VU
"UU!~* VU)‰JU R_R*VW- *ˆ_ R;X'*X '‡ VXU' )RNaTV ^_VŠ
J <U#XU'R^] ;XVXUˆJ^ ™!RW !*ˆRš JUVUXW _^V‰ ) R* !U)‰a* 'UŠ
#U NU'- VU *V‰ ;XU*JV UJw)W #)U!)‰R‡' <"Uw'UxRU UR <R* NU)x*R
'*V‰ JUR`< _*#U JUR*_RU U!‡_RU R* !‡"*V- <R*NXU' x^XR)V‡ ;XŠ
a"]V ^<RF <SVU "UU!~* RVUW~ˆ NU'Œ

ɮ   ^v - “egeg—


£{ejteg— lenp zknopeg—
‘kujf- @G=@
ǘǔǗNJǖǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǘǟnjNJǜǥnjNJǨǜǏǏǛcǎnjǝǟ
ǛǜǘǚǘǗǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖƷǘ
ǧǜǘǜǝǍǘǕǔNJǔNjǥnjǥǚǏǑNJǗǒǑǘNjǣǏǍǘ
ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǎǘǖNJǒcǏǍǘǞǕNJǗǔǒǚǝǨǜǏǣǏ
ǎnjNJǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǟǜǘǚǠNJǜNJǔǡǜǘnjǏǡǏ
ǚǘǖ ǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJ ǎǘǖNJ ǎNJǐǏ Ǜǘ ǎnjǘǚNJ
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǗǏǝǕǘnjǒǖǘǓǒcǘǗǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ
NjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǥǖƯǛǕǒǐǏǍǕǩǎǏǜǦǒǑǗǝǜǚǒ
ǎǘǖNJǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǠǏǗǜǚǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ
ǘǜǖǏǡǏǗǜǘǓǛNJǖǘǓnjǒǗǜǘnjǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒ
ǠǏǓcǷNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǏǎǛǜNJǏǜǔNJǔ
ǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǘǏǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏƱNJǟnjNJǡǏǗǗǥǓ
njǒǟǚǏǖǧǜǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǎǘǖǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘ
ǜǏǚǩǏǜǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǘǗǒnjǥǙNJǎNJǨǜǒǑ
ǗǏǍǘǔNJǔǩǣǒǔǒǒǑǛǜǘǕNJǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJ
ǩǛǦnjcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǗNJǎǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǔǚǝǐNJǜ
ǝǎǏǚǐNJnjǢǒǏǛǩNjNJǕǔǘǗǥȁ
njcǚǏǐǒǖǏǘNjǥǎǏǗǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǐǒnjǏǜǜǝǜnjǙǘǕ LJǜǒǖǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜǛǩǗNJ ƬǏǍǘǎǥnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǘǩnjǒǕǒǛǦǟǘǚǘǢǒǏǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥ ƯnjǍǏǗǒǩƪǛǛNJcǷǙǚǏǎǜǏǡǒǛNJǖNJǚǛǔǘǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJƹǏǚnjǥǏ
ǗǏǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗNJǩǛǏǖǦǩǗǘǒcnjcǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜǏǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǥǟ ǚǝǐǝǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǘǗǒNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘ njcǏcǷǟǘǚǘǢǒǏǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǏǎǘǖNJNJcnjǘǜǟǘǚǘǢǒǟ ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǛǜNJǕǒǗNJǛnjNJǒǗǘǒcnjǥǛǘǔǘnjǥǛǘǔǘǗNJǗǒǟ
njǥǛǜNJnjǘǔǔǘǗǠǏǚǜǘnjǜǝǛǘnjǘǔƲcnjcǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǙǕNJǗ ǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǔNJǔǒcnjǛǏnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏǗǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏ ǙǘǛǏǕǔǘnjǔNJǔǗǏNjǥǕǘǜNJǔǒcǗǏǜǁǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǜǘǡǗǘǘǜ ǙǘǎǗǩǕǒǛǦNJcnjǜǘǚǘǓǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǏǜǒǚNJǐǒ
ǎǘǖNJNjǥǕnjǥNjǚNJǗǘǡǏǗǦǜǘǡǗǘǗǏǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘ ǝǎnjǘǏǗǗǘǓǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǗǏǙǘǔǒǎNJǏǜƷNJǧǜǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ ǚNJǐNJǏǜǘNjǣǝǨǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǨnjcǛǜǚNJǗǏnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǛǏNjǏǙǏǚ ǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǙǚǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǎǘǖǒǔǒǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǒǛǦǔNJǔNjǥǟNJ
NjǘǕǦǢǝǨǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǜǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗǙǚǒnjNJǜ ǒcǜǘǜǞNJǔǜǡǜǘǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǎǘǖǜǏǖǗǘǛǏǚǥǓǙǘǡǜǒǡǏǚǗǥǓ ǛǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǛǡNJǛǜǦǏ ǜNJǓǔǘǖǙǘǕǑǔǘǖǖNJǜǏǚǔǘǖ ǔNJǐǎǥǓ ǘǜǒǡǗǘǗǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǡǏǜǔǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǩǛǦǘǔǚǝǐNJǨ
ǗǥǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǥǟǘǎǩǜnjcǗǏǏǚNJǑ NJcnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘNjǏǕǥǓǑNJǒǛǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǏǖǗNJǕǒnj ǝǐǏǔNJǔǜǘǗNJǝǡǒǕǛǩNJcnjǘǜǛǘǑǎNJǜǦǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǘ ǣǏǓǙǚǒǚǘǎǘǓƹǚNJnjǎNJnjcǒǜǘǍǏǙǏǚnjǥǟNjǥǕǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǘ
ǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǖǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒǒcǍNJǕǏǚǏǩǖǒcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘ ǗǘǍǘǙǘǕNJǁǜǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǟǘǚǘǢNJǩǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǩǔcǙǘ ǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǛǩƷNJǢǒǙǘǛǏǕǔǒǘǛǜNJǨǜǛǩǗNJNjǘǚǘǖ ǜǚǒNJcnjǜǘǚǘǓǜNJǔǒcǘǛǜNJǕǛǩnjcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǧǔǑǏǖǙǕǩ
ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǛǠǏǗNJǘǔǚǝǐǏǗǗNJǩǖǗǘǍǒǖǒǝǚǘnjǗǩǖǒ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǔǏǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǚǘǕǒnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǒǛǙǘǕǗǩǨǜǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǥ ǝǡNJǛǜǔǘnjǘǜǍǘǚǘǐǏǗǗǥǟnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǒǑNJNjǘǚNJǖǒǔNJǔǎǚǝǍǘǜ ǚǏƼNJǔǡǜǘǜǘǡǜǘǙǚǘǒǑǘǢǕǘnjcǔǖǘǜƻNJǖNJǚǥǖǘǐǗǘ
ǑǚǒǜǏǕǦǛǔǒǟǖǏǛǜƲcnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǛNJǖǥǓ ǖǏNjǏǕǒƲcǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǙǏǚnjǥǓǎǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓNjǥǕǙǘǎǘ ǎǚǝǍNJǜNJǔǒcǘǜǙǚǒǚǘǎǥƯǛǜǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~Ǘǘ ǛǡǒǜNJǜǦǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǖǙǚǘǚǥnjǘǖ
ǩǚǔǒǓǙǚǒǖǏǚnǎǘǖNJǔNJǔǛǠǏǗǥ~ NjǚNJǗǙǘǎǖǏNjǏǕǦNJcǗǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜƹǚNJnjǎNJǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝ ǧǜǘnjǛǏǐǏǘǡǏǗǦǛǙǏǠǒNJǕǦǗNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩcǷǎǕǩǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǘnj ƼǘǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǙǚǘǚǥnjǛǕǝǡǒǕǛǩnjcƻNJǖNJǚǏ
ƹǕǘǣNJǎǦǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǙǘǡǜǒcǖǏǜǚǘnj NJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǛǔǒǓǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒcǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚƪǕǕNJǗƽǧǔǛǕǏǚǛǎǏ ǖǒǕǕǒǘǗǏǚǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǖǘǍǝǜǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǜǦǛǏNjǏǗǏǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ǗǏǎǘǕǐǗǘnjǗǝǢNJǜǦǙǝǛǜǥǏǒǕǕǨǑǒǒƹǚǘǛǜǘǜNJǖNjǥǕ
njcǎǏǗǦǗǘnjǘǛǏǕǦǩǛǨǎNJǙǘǖǏǛǜǒǕǘǛǦǡǏǕǘnjǏǔƸǜ ǕNJǕNjǏǛǏǎǔǝnjcnjǒǎǏǛǜǘǕNJNJcnjcǗǏǓcǷǛǜǘǕnjcnjǒǎǏNjǏǛǏǎ ǑNJNjǘǚǥNJcnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǒǖǏ ƶNJǕNJǟǘnjcǷǘǎǒǗǒǑǛNJǖǥǟǩǚǔǒǟǚǝǛǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnj
ǔǝǟǗǒǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǘǗNJǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǘǜǎǏǕǏǗNJǎǕǒǗǗǘǓNjNJǚ ǔǒ (MRMRK&YMPHMRK[MXL1EXGLMRK8EFPI ƷǘǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǨǜǍǘǕǦǞǙǘǕǏƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǖNjǥǕǒǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǥ ǛǘǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǒƯǍǘ
ǗǘǓǛǜǘǓǔǘǓNJcǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǖǒ NjǥǕǛǝǍǝNjǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǐǏǛǜNJcǜǝǜcǷǖǘǐǗǘǐǒǜǦ nǔǚNJǛǗǥǏǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏ~ 16 ƼǘǜNJǗNJƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJǒcǔǘǜǜǏǎǐ 14 ǙǚǘǏǔǜǥnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕǒǜǘǡǗǥNjǝǎǦǜǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǎǘǖ

258 
ɭ
ǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǜNJǐǏǑNJǎNJǡNJnǗǏǔNJǛNJǜǦǛǩnjǏǜǘǔ~
 
ǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒǕNJǒcǡǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏ _VU!‡ ;URWV‰ RJU)‰JU U"X*'*RR‡*
ǎǘǖǘnjǙǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘnjǛǏǘǗǒǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǩǨǜǛǩǔcǚǏǔǏǒcǔǚNJǓ X.V*JVUX‡ <R"*VUX‡ ^VXV) "Ww‰
ǗǒǏǒǟǘǙǘǚǥǔNJǛNJǨǜǛǩNjǏǚǏǍǘnjǘǓǔǚǘǖǔǒǘǗǒǗǏǙNJ <JXUVUˆ ;UR'*'Uˆ JJ *V*V"*RŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǥǎǚǝǍǎǚǝǍǝcǷǒcǜǏǖǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǜǛǝǎǏǗǥǢ RU* UVUWR* )RNaTV ;XR']~*#U NU' "


ǔǒǙǚǒǢnjNJǚǜǘnjNJǗǗǥǏǔcNjǏǚǏǍǝǗǘǛǗǘǛǒǖǥǏnjǏǜǚǘǖ *!W )U"RU XUNRU#U X*!*RJ NUVVU_RU ;U;^V*Š
ƴǘǚNJNjǏǕǦǗǥǓ ǘNjǚNJǑ NjǥǕ ǗǏǒǑNjǏǐǏǗ a*V"U"V‰ ;U VX‡' N*X*"RW' #N* *~* U.XRŠ
njcǧǜǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒǗǘƶNJǕNJǟǘnjǗǏǙǏǎNJǕǒǚǘnjNJǕǏǍǘǔNJǔǒǖǒ )‰ "WJU#U XUN UJU)`‡ NU)‡ w)^_R‡
ǗǒNjǝǎǦǘǔǗNJǖǒǒǕǕǨǖǒǗNJǜǘǚNJǖǒNJcǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǘǛǕǏǎǘ !*X*# VXU;‡ N"UX‡ Xw")J NUXU# )^#
njNJǕǑNJǗǒǖǘǛǘǑǗNJnjǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǔNJǔǙNJǕǝNjǝǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨcǷ !U)UV` ;XUVUJ JUR`‡ ;U#UV‡ #X"‡
ǔNJǔǔNJǨǜǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǨNJcnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐcǷǔNJǔǔNJǙǒǜNJǗǛǔǝǨ "X#R‡- V' 'UxRU ^"N*V‰ _VU *) NU' VUV
ǚǝNjǔǝƲcǏǛǕǒǎǘǖǒǔǒƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJnjǛǜNJnjǗNJnǗǘǐǔǒ~ ^<Xw")J VU "W w*')W RJ)UR*R '*xN^ NU'U'
ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǘNjǚǏǕǒNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǝǨǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǝǜǘƶNJǕNJǟǘnjǗǏ <NUXU#Uˆ< !R‰J RU 'U* #)"RU*< *NRV"*RŠ
ǙǘnjǏǕǛǩǒcǗNJǧǜǘǜǛǘNjǕNJǑǗǛǘǟǚNJǗǒnjǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǓǎnjǝ RU* XJNVU* N*X*"U <"W SV JU';RW< `*Š
ɭ ; $ ǛǔNJǜƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǙǘǜǩǗǝǕǒǛǦNJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǒǛǘnjǛǏǖǒǗǘǍǘ )UVR‡ˆ JU'U- R_*#U R*)‰wW wŽWV‰ RU 'UxRU
 
 
%P ǙǘǚǩǎǔNJnƬǛǨǧǜǝǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǦnjǘǎNJǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǜƼNJǔǡǜǘ N*)V‰ )aR** N"x*R*< R;X'*X ;)V‰ N*Š
"$
<%  njǏǛǗǘǨǎǏǚǏnjǗǩnjǛǙǕǥnjNJǏǜƻǕǘnjǗǘƬǏǗǏǠǒǩ~Ʒǒǔǘ X*"U< <"* ;U#^!V‰ R"*#N ;UV*XWV‰ '‡) Š
 B <J  -
ǕNJǓƷǏǔǚNJǛǘnjǜǘǡǗǘǘǙǒǛNJǕǒcǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǔǝNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ 'U#U NU'- R* !‡)U XR‰a* VJU#U _VU!‡ NU' !‡)
1713
ǎǏǚǏnjǗǒƻǙNJǛƬǫǐǒnƬǛǩǘǗNJǜǘǗǏǜnjcǑǏǕǏǗǥǟǛNJǎNJǟ UVN*)‰RU UV `*)U#U-
ƮǘǖǒǔǒnjcǗǏǓǗNJnjǥǛǘǔǒǟǛǜǘǕNjNJǟ~ƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǖǛǜǘǩǕNJ
ǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǠǏǚǔǘnjǦǗNJǛnjNJǩǟcǷ
ǘǛǜǚǘnjǏǚǟNJǩǔǚNJǛNJnjǒǠNJƹǚǏǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǛǔNJǩ njccǍǘǎǝǙǏ
ǚǏǗǏǛǏǗNJnjcƴǘǛǜǚǘǖǝnjcǖǝǑǏǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJ
ǍǎǏnjccǍǘǎǝǛǍǘǚǏǕNJ ǒcǗNJƹNJǛǟǝǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǗǏ ǘǎǗǒǖ
ǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟNjǥǕǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǘǎǏǎƶNJǑNJǓ ǙǚǒǙǕǥnjNJǕǒǗNJ
ǛǕǝǐNjǝǗNJǕǘǎǔNJǟǒcǙǚǒnjǩǑǥnjNJǕǒǒǟǔcǍNJǕǏǚǏǏǠǏǚǔnjǒcǷ
ǗNJƻNJǎǘnjǘǓ Ǜc njǥǕǏǜNJǨǣǒǖǒ njǘ njǛǏ ǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒcǛǗǘnjNJǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƷNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏcǷǔNJNjǒǗǏǜ
ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ nǙǏǗNJǕNJǖǒ~ ǒǕǒ ǙǚǘǍǚNJǖ ǒǒǕǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǩƹǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒǎǘǖǘnjǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǚNJǑǕǒǡNJ
ǖNJ nƴǘnjǡǏǍ~ ǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJnjǢNJǩ NJǔǔǝ ǨǜǛǩ ǔNJǔǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚǥ ǗǘǘNjǣǒǓǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏǎǒǗcǷǔNJǔ
ǚNJǜǗǝǨ ǚǏǍǏǗǏǚNJǠǒǨ ǛǜNJǚǥǟ ǔnjNJǚ ǒcǝcǎǘǖǒǔǘnjǩǟǜǛǖǏǗǘnjnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǡǜǘǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǏǜǛǩ
ǜNJǕǘnj ƻNJǖNJǚǥ Ʒǘ ǏǣǏ ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏ NjǕǒǑǘǛǜǦǨǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǒǎǘǖǒǔǗNJnjǘǎǏƲcǜǘǡǗǘǜNJǔǐǏ
ǏǍǘ ǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǏ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǥ ǔǘǜǘ ǔNJǔǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǗǏƹǚǏǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǛǔǘǓǠǏǚǔnjǒǙǚǒnjǩǑǥnjNJǕǒ
ǚǥǏǘǗǎǏǕNJǕǛcǗNJǡNJǕNJǟǍǘǎǘnj ǛnjǘǒǕǘǎǔǒǗǏǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǔcǘǙǘǚNJǖǟǚNJǖNJǙǚǏǎǙǘ
ǍǎǏǎǘǖǒǗǒǚǝǏǜǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǚNJǑ ǔNJǔ ǕNJǍNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘǒcǜǝǜǘǔǘǕǘǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǎǘǖǒǔNJNjǝǎǏǜǛǙǝǛǔ
ǝcǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǟnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ ǛǔǘǕǦ ǔcnjǘǎǏcǷǔcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǙǚǒǛǜNJǗǒ NJcǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦǙǘ
ǔǘ ǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖNJ ƸǗNJ Ǚǚǒ ǧǜǘǖ njǛǏǍǎNJ ǙǚǘǜǘǔNJǖǜǝǜǖǘǐǗǘNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ 
ǑNJnjǩǑNJǗNJ ǗNJ ǔǘǗǔǚǏǜǗǘǍǘc Ƿ njǥǖǥǢ ƷǘǔǚǘǖǏnjǘǎǗǘǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJNjǥǕNJǙǚǘ
ǕǏǗǗǘǍǘcǷǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǩǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖNJ ǎǝǖNJǗNJǒcǝǕǒǡǗNJǩǡNJǛǜǦǍǎǏǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕNJǛǦǚNJǑǗǘǘNj
ǧǜǒǡNJǛǜǘǒǖǏǨǜǒǖǏǗNJ ǜNJǔǒcnjcǙǘǛǏǕ ǚNJǑǗNJǩǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǐǒǑǗǦǙǘǛǏǕǔNJnjǔǕǨǡNJnjǢNJǩǗǏ
ǔǏ nƮǧǓ ƭǒǕNjǏǚǜ~ ǒǖǩ ǏǛǜǦ ǝc ǔNJǐǎǘ ǜǘǕǦǔǘnǙNJǚNJǎǗǝǨǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ~ǗǘǎNJǐǏǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǝǨ
ǍǘǎǘǖNJ ƺǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǘǒǑnjǛǏǍǘǧǜǘǍǘ ǛǜǝǎǒǨƪcǛnjǩǑǦǛcnNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǑǏǖǕǏǓ~ǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕǘNjǏ
NjǥǕǘǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǎNJǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǛNJǖNJǚǛǔNJǩ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnNjǥǕNJǙǘǎǘNjǗNJǘǎǒǗǘǔǘǓǛǔNJǕǏnjcǙǝǛǜǥǗǏǒǕǒ ǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǖǘǛǜǒǔǛcǙǏǚǏǙNJǎNJǖǒ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗNJǩǢǔǘǕNJ NJcǧǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǕNJǙNJǚǝǛǗǒǔnjcǘǔǏNJǗǏ~ ǝǚǘnjǗǏǓƽnjǥnjcǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǖǘǛǜǒǔNjǥǕǛǒǕǦ
ƶNJǕNJǟǘnjǗǘǒcǜNJǔǒǏǖNJǛǜǏǚNJǔNJǔƬǒ ƿǚNJǖ  ǘǜǗǘǛǒǕǛǩǔcǜǒǙǝǔǕǏǜǛǔǒǟ ǗǘǝǙǚǘǣǏǗǛǙǝǛǔǒǔcnjǘǎǏǎǏǕNJǜǦǗǏǛǜNJǕǒǒǑǑNJǙǕNJ
ǜNJǕǒǓƻNJǖǘǍǘǚǘnjǒcƬNJǕǏǗǜǒǗƹNJǛǜǝ ǠǏǚǔnjǏǓǛcǔǕǒǗǡNJǜǥǖǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǏǖǡǦǨǔǚNJǛǘǜǝǛǘǛǜNJnj ǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǗǘǛNJǖǘǏǎǘǛNJǎǗǘǏ
ǢǏǗǔǘ ǗǏǙǚǘǑnjǝǡNJǕNJǜNJǔǍǚǘǖǔǘǔNJǔ ǕǩǏǜǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǔǚǥǜǒǏcǷǧǎNJǔNJǩǛǒǖǞǘǗǒǩǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǟ ǡǜǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥǎǏǕNJǕǒǝǐǏǎǚǝǍǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǗNJǧǜǘǖ
ǛǔNJǐǏǖǗǒǐǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔNJǩcǷǒcnjǘǖǗǘǍǘǖ ǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǘnjƹǘǟǘǐǒǖǙǝǜǏǖǛǜǚǘǒǜǞNJǛNJǎǒcƶNJ ǧǜNJǙǏǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǛcǎǏnjǏǕǘǙǏǚǘǖǒǛǙǘǚǜǒǕǒǛǦƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǎǘǕǍǘǗǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǕNJ ǕNJǟǘnjǔǚǥǢǏǎǘǖNJnjǜǘǚǒǜǔǚǥǢNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǥƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǜNJǜǏnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǧǜǒǟǔǚNJǓǗǏǘNjNJǩǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǎǘǖǒǔǘnj
NJǎǏǔnjNJǜǗǘǍǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJƼNJǔǒcnNjǝǖNJǐ ǘNjǤǏǖǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǑǕǏǜNJǏǜnǔNJǙǒǜNJǗǛǔǘǓ njǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǝǎNJǡǗǘǚNJǑǥǍǚNJǜǦǧǜǒnjǥǜǩǗǝǜǥǏ
ǗǥǏ~ǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǒƶNJǕNJǟǘnjNJǘNjǚǏǕǒǙǕǘǜǦ ǚǝNjǔǘǓ~NJcǘǜǗǏǍǘǝǐǏǎǘǖǙNJǎNJǏǜǔcǟnjǘǛǜǝǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǥǏǎNJǜǦǒǖǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǝǨǘǜǎǏǕǔǝǗNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǦǒǟ
ǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǍǎNJǔǘǍǎNJǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǙǚǘǛnjǏ ǚNJǛǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩǎnjǘǚǘnjǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓȁƼǏǚǚNJǛNJǐǏǚǏǡǗNJǩ ǛǜǒǕǦǗǘǓǘNjǛǜNJǗǘnjǔǘǓǔNJǔǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~
ǣǏǗǗǥǓǎǏnjǏǕǘǙǏǚƻǏǚǍǏǓƹǝǢǔǒǗ ǑNJnjǒǛNJǏǜǗNJǎnjǘǎǘǓǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǏcǖǏǜǚNJcǷǜǥNjǝǔnjNJǕǦ ǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǝǎNJǕǘǛǦƱNJǛNjǘǒǕNJǒcǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖNJǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǎǘ
ƸǗǔǝǙǒǕǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǙǘǕǝǘǛǜǚǘnj Ǚǘ ǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǖǏǗǩǜǦǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǒǓǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǡǜǘ ǗǘǛǔǘǕǦǑǒǢǦǗNJǎǚǏǔǘǨǗNJǍǒǎǚǘǙǕNJǗǏƱNJǜǏǖǘǙǘǚǥ ǖǒǔǒǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjNJǕǒǙǚǘǎNJnjNJǜǦǙǘǜǘǖǚǏǢǒǕǒǛǎNJnjNJǜǦ
njǏǛǗǏǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǣǒǓǛǩnjcǘǛǜǚǘnj ǖǏǐǎǝƻNJǖNJǚǘǓǒcƼǘ NjǥnjǥǓǜǒǔcnjǘǎǏǗǏǑNJǜǚǘǗǝnjǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǎǘǖNJǖǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦ njǑNjǒǚNJǨǜǛǩǙǘǛǔǕǘǗǝǙǕNJnjǗǘǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǩnjcǐǏǕǏǑǗǝǨ njcNJǚǏǗǎǝnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǡǜǘǜǘǙǚǘǎNJǕǒǡǜǘǜǘǛǎNJǨǜ
ǕǦǩǜǜǒǜNJǖǍǎǏƬǘǕǍNJǘNjǚNJǑǝǏǜǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘǙǚǘǜǘǔǘǎǗNJ ǛǜNJǜǦǘǡǏǗǦǝǑǔǒǖǒ cǖ ǒcǎǕǒǗǗǥǖǒ cǖǏǜǚNJnjǖǏ ǚNJǖǝǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓnjǏǛǦǎǘǖǒcǙǘǔǘǒǜǛǩƹǕNJǗǏǍǘǛǔǘǖǙǘ ǡǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǎǙǘǚǜǒǕǘǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǝǨǒǎǏǨǛǘǑǎNJǜǦ
ǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟcǷǚǏǡǔNJƴǝǚǝǖǔNJcǷǒcǛǜNJǕNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnǞNJǛNJ ǛǜǏǛcǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒ ƪcǗNJnǗǘǐǔǒ~ǘǗǒǙǘǎǗǩǕǒǛǦǡǜǘNjǥ ǗǘnjNJǗǗNJǘǛǗǘnjǏǛǏǜǔǒǒǑǢǏǛǜǒǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǘnj cšccǖ  ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnǙǘǛǏǕǘǔǗNJǙǚǘǎNJǐǝ~NJcǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǘǏǛǘǘNj
ǎǘǖ~ǙǘǛǏǕǔNJƸǛǗǘnjǗǥǖǙǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǖƹǝǢǔǒǗNJ ǔǘǜǘ ǖǒǗǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǝǣǏǚNjǔNJǔǙǘǡnjǏǜNJǔǒcǛǏNjǏǛNJǖǒǖcǷ ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJǐǏǘǡǏnjǒǎǗNJǘǗNJǕǒǗǏǓǗNJǩƻNjǘǔǝǒǎǏǜ ǣǏǛǜnjǘǕǨǎǏǓǔǘǜǘǚǥǏNjǥǙǚǒǢǕǒǛǨǎNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǧǜǒ
ǚǥǓnjǛǏǐǏǗǏǑǚǩǘNjǤǏǟNJǕnjǏǛǦǖǒǚǗNJǖǘǜǘǠǒǔǕǏ NjǥǕǘ ǘǜnjǏǛǏǗǗǏǍǘǚNJǑǕǒnjNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏǑNJǛǜNJnjǒǕǛǏNjǩǐǎNJǜǦ ǔǘǚǒǎǘǚnjǎǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǥǛǜǚNJ ǗǘnjǥǏǧǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǙǘǗǩǜǒǩǝnjNJǐǏǗǒǏ ǔNJǔǔcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǜNJǔ
ǗǏǚǝNjǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǗǏǔNJǛNJǜǦǛǩǎNJǐǏnjǏǜǘǔǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏ ǒcǚNJǛǡǏǜǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjǣǒǔǘnjǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǎǒǕ ƷǘǔǚǘǖǏ ǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩ ǒcǎǚǝǍǔcǎǚǝǍǝ ǜǘǕǏǚNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǦǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦ

260 
73.
 0 ɭ N

 N 

&'

,-  V  -
2014



 
 
 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 
  
2
  (' !" #
(%

 
 3

ɭ
ƬcǍǘǎǝǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǙǘǕǝǡǒǕƭǚNJǗǙǚǒǙǚǏǖǒǒƪƺƿƲ
;33(cǷnjǙǏǚnjǥǏnjcǏǏǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƹǚǏǎǥǎǝǣǒǏǙǩǜǦ
ǕǏǜnjcǙǚǏǖǒǒǙǘNjǏǐǎNJǕǒǜNJǔǒǏǑnjǏǑǎǥǔNJǔƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ
ƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǒcƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƻǏǚǍǏǓǁǘNjNJǗǒcƫǘǚǒǛ
ƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒǗǘǐǨǚǒǗǒǚNJǑǝǗǏǚǏǢNJǕǘǛǦǗNJƭǚNJǗ
ǙǚǒƪcǜǝǜǘǗǘǘǟǗǝǕǘǒcǗNJǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǏǗǒǏƵNJǚǥƴǘǙǥ
ǕǘnjǘǓǘǜǚǏNJǍǒǚǘnjNJǕǘǏǎǒǗǘǍǕNJǛǗǘƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǐǏǡǜǘ
ǎnjNJǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǟƭǚNJǗǙǚǒǎǘǛǜNJǕǒǛǦǗǏǐǒǕǥǖǎǘǖNJǖ
ǚǏǛǜNJnjǚNJǠǒǒƪǛǜNJǢǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǜǏǚǏǖNJǒcǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǨnƮǚǏ njcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǜǖǏǗǩǕǛǜǏǗǝ ǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǒǕǒ ǗǘǒcǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩcǷǛnjǏǜǝǛǘǕǗǠǝǙǚǒǚǘǎǏƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ
njǘǕǨǠǒǩ~ ǖǘǐǗǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǙǘǖǗǏǗǒǨǕǝǡǢǒǟǚǘǛ ǘǜǚǥnjǘǖǘǜǑǏǖǕǒ NJcǛǕǘǐǗǏǏǒcǖǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǏǏcǷnjcǛǘ ǗNJǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǎǘǖNJǒcǖǒǚNJǞNJǛNJǎǥƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍNJnjǛǏǍǎNJǜNJ
ǛǒǓǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǒcǔǚǒǜǒǔǘnj ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜ ǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒ Ǜc ǒǑǖǏǗǒnjǢǒǖǒǛǩ ǖǏǡǜNJǖǒ ǒc ǡNJǩǗǒǩǖǒ ǔǒǏǛǕǘǐǗǥǏcǷǘǗǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǑǎǏǛǦnnjǒNjǚNJ
LJǔǛǙǏǚǜǗǥǓǛǘnjǏǜǒcǐǨǚǒǙǚǏǖǒǒ ǧǜǘǛNJǖǥǓǔǚNJǛǒnjǥǓ ƶǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǕǨNjǒǕǜǏǖǝǙǘǕǏǜNJǗǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǙǘǕǏǜǘǖ ǠǒǨ~ǔNJǔǘǗǧǜǘǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜƷǘnjǒǎǒǖǘǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖƺǘǛǛǒǒǑNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǏǎǏǛǩǜǒǕǏǜǒǏ ǗǒǔǘǍǘǗǏǝǎǒnjǒǢǦǗǏǙǘǚNJǎǝǏǢǦƮNJǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǛǘ NjǥǕǘǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜǦǧǜǝǜǏǖǝǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǒǗǘǓǞNJǔǜǝ
ƹǚNJnjǎNJǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǏǍǘǘǡNJǚǘnjNJǗǒǩǔNJǔ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǛǜNJǕǘǛǜǘǚǘǐǗǏǏƹǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǖǏ ǚǘǓǡǜǘNjǥǎǘǗNJǛǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǎǘǢǕǘƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǏ
ǚNJǑnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǘǗǗǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓƶǏǜNJǕǕǔǘ nƹǚǘǏǖcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍcǷǧǜǘ ǛǜǘǙǘǕǏǜNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǜǏǖNJǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǒǡǦǩǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǗǏ ǜNJǕǕNJǜǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏǡǏǖNjǕǒǐǏǑǘǗNJǜǏǟǗǒǔǒNJcǛǜǏǗNJ
ǗǏǡǗǘǒcǚNJǗǦǢǏǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǘnjNJǕnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒ ǍǚNJǗǒǠNJǖǏǐǎǝǖǒǚǘnjǥǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖǒcǎǘǖǘǖǔNJǔ njcǜǘǕǣǒǗǏǛǜǏǗNJcǗNJǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǖNJǗǏǚcǷnjcǖǗǘǍǘ ǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǛǙǚǩǜNJǗNJǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩǖǘǜǘǠǒǔǕǘnjǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǗǘnjǛǏǐǏǗNJnjǜǘǚǥǟǚǘǕǩǟcǷǔNJǔǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǩ ǝNjǏǐǒǣǏǖǒcnjcǗǏǖǛǘǛǚǏǎǘǜǘǡǏǗǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏnjǥ ǛǕǘǓǗǘǛǜǒƻǜǏǗNJǝǟǘǎǒǜnjǍǕǝNjǦǛǕǘǒǜǛǩǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǒcnjǘnjǛǏǛǜNJǚǘǓnǢǜǘǚǘǓ~ǘNjǥǡǗǘǍǘǍNJǚNJǐNJƪcǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǓ
ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǞǝǚǗǒǜǝǚNJȁƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǘǗǛǜNJǕǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗǥǖ ǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǗǒǏ~ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗǜNJǔǙǘǎǚǘNjǗǘǒǟǚNJǑǚNJNjNJǜǥnjNJ njNJǩnjǛǏǗǘnjǥǏǒcǗǘnjǥǏǝǚǘnjǗǒǑNJǣǒǜǥƮNJǒcǛNJǖǎǘǖ NjNJǕǔǘǗǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǙǚǒǏǟNJǕǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǝǛǔǘǕǦǑǩǙǘǛnjǘ
ǙNJǚǜǗǏǚǘǖǎǏǚǏnjNJǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǎNJǐǏǡǜǘǗNJǘǎǒǗ ǐǏǕǏǑ ǏǜcǷǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘNjǤǏǖǎǘǖNJǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǕNJǔǘ njǘǑnjǏǎǏǗǗNJǜNJǔǘǓǖǘǗǝǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǓǠǘǔǘǕǦǡǜǘǗǒǔNJ ǏǖǝǙǚǘǏǖǝcǷǔNJǔǕǒǞǜnjcNJǜǚǒǝǖǏǘǜǏǕǏǓƮǐǘǗNJƹǘǚǜ
ǗǥǓ ǎǘǖǗNJǎǏǜnjǜǘǚǘǓcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓLJǜǘǙǘǡǜǒǜNJǔ ǗǒǡǗǥǖƷǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏǛcǗǒǖǧǜNJǎǏǜNJǕǒǚǘnjǔNJ ǔNJǩǖǥǢǦǗǏǙǚǘǛǔǘǡǒǜƺNJǑǚǥnjNJǩnjǛǩǔǝǨǛnjǩǑǦǎǘǖNJ ǖNJǗNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǒcǛǜǏǗNJǒcNjNJǕǔǘǗǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǏ
njcǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJnjǢǝǨNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǝǨǔǘǚǘNjǔǝnjǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǖǏ ǜNJǔǟǘǚǘǢNJLJǜǘƼǚǏǙǕǏnjǝǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǡǜǘnǗǘnjǥǏǞǘǚǖǥ ǛcǑǏǖǕǏǓǛcǙǘǡnjǘǓǧǜǘǜǗǏǠǘǔǘǕǦǎNJǐǏcǷǙǘǛǜNJǖǏǗǜcǷ ǗǘǒcǚǐNJnjǥǏcǷǒcǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘǏǣǏǜNJǔǜǘǗǔǘǙǘǎǘNjǚNJǜǦ
ǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔNJǚǔNJǛǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǙǏǚǕǒǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǒǩ ǗǝǐǗǥNJcǏǛǕǒǒǟǗǏǜǜǘǕǝǡǢǏǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǗǝǐǗǘ~Ʒǘ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǑǎNJǗǒǏnjcǛNJǖǘǠǏǗǗǝǨǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǝǗNJǙǦǏ ǠnjǏǜǔǚNJǛǔǒǎǕǩǎǏǚǏnjNJǡǜǘNjǥǘǗǘnjǘǢǕǘǛcǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǖ
ǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǏǛǩnjcǚNJǑǗǥǟǝǚǘnjǗǩǟƻNJǖǒǐǏǛǜǏǗǥǛǜNJǕǒ ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǏǕǏǜNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǜNJǔǍǗNJǕNJǛǦǑNJǗǒǖǒǡǜǘ ǎǏǛǜNJǕǏcǷǗǘǧǜǘǜǎǝǟǍǘǚǎǥǗǒǘǜǕǒǡǗǘnjǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǛǩ njcNjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǚǏǑǘǗNJǗǛ
njcǎnjNJǚNJǑNJǜǘǕǣǏǡǏǖǘNjǥǡǗǘ ǚNJǎǒǜǏǙǕNJ Ǚǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǗǏǜǗǒǡǏǍǘǕǝǡǢǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǩǗǘnjǘǓ njcǜǏǖǝnǖǘǓǎǘǖcǷǖǘǩǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǦ~ ƺǐNJnjǡǒǗNJ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǗǏ ǙǏǚǏǛǜNJǏǜ NjǥǜǦ
njǏǚǟǗǒǓǛǕǘǓǔǘǏǍǎǏǛǗǩǜNJcǗǒǐǗǒǓǘNjǢǒǜǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǖ ǞǘǚǖǥƮNJǒcǑNJǡǏǖǘǗNJǔǘǍǎNJǏǛǜǦǘǜǜǘǡǏǗǗǥǓnjǏǔNJǖǒ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǙǘǛǜNJǖǏǗǜǧǜǘǜǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǜNJǔ ǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǘNjǥǡǗǘǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜcǷǙǘǚǡǝǚNJǛ
ǝǐǏǚNJǎǒǔǚNJǛǘǜǥ ưǏǕǏǑǘǜǘnjǥǛǜǚǏǕǒnjNJǏǜNjNJǕǔǘǗNJ NJǚǟǏǜǒǙ#ƪcnjǘǜǝǐǏǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǑǧǜǘǓǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǓǔǘǚǘNjǔǒ ǘǎǗǘǖǏǚǏǗǔNJǔǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǗNJǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǩǟƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟ ǙNJǎǝǙNJǎǘǔƷǘǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǡǏǗǦǔǚNJǛǒnjǥǓǝǙNJǎǘǔ
ǖǒǜǘǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǝǜǘǙNJǏǜnjcǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒǞNJǛNJǎNJǧǎNJǔǒǖǒ ǛcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓǗǏǡǜǘǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǏcǷǧǜǘǝǐǏǗNJǎǘ ǘǗǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǐǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓnjǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǧǞǞǏǔ ǧǛǜǏǜǛǔǒǓcǷǜNJǔǘǏǎǏǔNJǎǏǗǜǛǜnjǘǧǙǘǟǒǟNJǓǜǏǔNJnƶǏǗǩ
nNJǗǜǒNjNJǕǔǘǗNJǖǒ~ǜǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǚNJǖNJǖǒǘǔǘǗƼǘǏǛǜǦ ǙǘǛǜNJǚNJǜǦǛǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǧǜǘƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍǝǜNJǔNJǙǕǘǎǒǚǘnjNJǕǒ ǜǗǘǘNjǟǘǎǒǜǎǘǖǙǘǔǘǛǘǓǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥnjǑǚǏǑNJǩǏǍǘǝǍǘǕ njǘǕǗǝǏǜǜǚNJǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǖǒǚǘǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏcǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƺǘ
ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǒǗnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǘNjǏǚǏǍNJcǷ ƬǛǏ ǙǚǘǏǖǥ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǚNJǑǗǘǓ njǥǛǘǜǥ njǜǚǏǜǦǒǟǘNjǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǜNJǖǍǎǏǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǑǘǗNJǖǘǜǘǠǒ ǑǏǗNjǏǚǍcǷƶǗǏǗǚNJnjǒǜǛǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǐǏǛǜǔNJǩǛǝǚǘ
ǘǞǘǚǖǕǩǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǏǖǥǛNJǖǥǏǛǕNJNjǥǏǖǏǛǜNJnjcǎǏǚǏ ǢǒǚǒǗǥ ǍǕǝNjǒǗǥc Ƿ ǒc ǒǟ ǜNJǔ ǖǗǘǍǘ ǡǜǘ ǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǦ ǔǕǘnjǒcNJnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǏǓƹǘǎǘNjǗNJǩǗǏǘǎǗǘǑǗNJǡǗǘǛǜǦǛnjǘǓ njNJǩǘǖǥnjNJǏǖNJǩǎǘǐǎǩǖǒǙǚǘǎǝnjNJǏǖNJǩnjǏǜǚNJǖǒȁƷǘ
njǩǗǗǘǖǜǏǕǏǎǘǖNJƷǘǘǎǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘcǷǒcǛNJǖǥǏnjNJǐǗǥǏ ǛǜǏǗǥ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǎǏǑNJnjǝǒǚǘnjNJǗNJ Ʒǘ ǗǏ ǜNJǔ ǔNJǔ ǛǜnjǏǗǗNJnjǛǏǖǝǎǘǖǝnjǏǎǦǘǗǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǣǒǣNJǏǜǛǩ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘnjǗǝǜǚǒǗǏǏǎǘǕǐǗǘNjǥǜǦǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǗǥǖ

262 

 
#X^!‡* R* JU'TUXVR‡* N)W ;XJURU"*RW
;U"*X.RUV ^x* N"RU V) VX*RNU' RU
U;R‡* JU)]_* ;U UVRUa*R] J<"U'
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

U!VV* ) W' ;XUVXRV" N]V #UXwNU !U)** RV*X*R‡*


"Uw'UxRUV N)W 'R;^)W` U~^~*RW' <;X*NV"Š
)W]V U!Uˆ ;UJ _VU R*.Ux*RU* ;U)*- ;*X*;N‡ "‡UV
"*VU"‡* ~*) U!X‡"‡ ;)UJUV w"a* U!Ž*'‡<
"* SVU UwN*V UVXUV^ "U;XWVW ;XUVXRV" R;U)Š
RW*V *#U ";*_V)*RW'-

ƼǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǧǜǘǖǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗNJǩnjǒNjǚNJ ǗǒǘǎǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǗǏǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjǚǘnjǏǗǦǛcǛǘ
Ǡǒǩ~ƾNJǛNJǎǎǘǖNJnjcƮǝǟNJǗǒǗǘǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǕǘǐǗǥǓǒcǒǗ ǛǏǎǗǒǖcǷǘǗǘǒǕǒǡǝǜǦǗǒǐǏǒǕǒǡǝǜǦnjǥǢǏƼNJǔǗNJǎ
ǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓǡǜǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǑNJǗǒǖǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǜǦǜNJǔǘǓǐǏ ǖǝǑǏǏǖǖǘǜǘǠǒǔǕǘnjǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǏǜǛǩNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJǡǏǓǙǘǕ
ǛǕǘǐǗǥǓǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚcǷǗǘǔNJǔnjcǗǏǖǜǘǍǎNJǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦ# ǑǗNJǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǒǐǏǙǘǕNJǘǎǗǘǍǘǒǑǎǘǖǒǔǘnj ǟǘǜǩǞǘǚ
ƲǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜ ǖNJǕǦǗǘǧǜǘnjǛǏnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐ cǷǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗNJNJǗǜǚǏǛǘ
ǛǩǜNJǔǘnjǥǖcǷǟǘǜǩǒcǗǏnǜNJǔǒǖǐǏ~ƬcǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǡǜǘ ǕǦǨǗNJnjǒǛNJǏǜǗNJǎǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ
njǛǩǜNJnjǒNjǚNJǠǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǘǓNjǘǍNJǜǥǞNJǛNJǎǥnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏ ǝcǗǏǏǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǒcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦcǷǡǒǜNJǕǦǗǥǓ
ǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǩǗǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǜƺǘnjǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥ ǑNJǕnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǝǐǗǘǙǘǎǗǩǜǦǛǩǙǘǕǏǛǏǗǔǏ ǒcǝǐǜǘǕǦ
NjǘǕǦǢǒǏǘǔǗNJǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǏǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǚNJǑǖǏǡNJǨǣǒǏǙǚǘ ǔǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǨǜǗǘǝǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǛǩǝcNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǘǔǗNJ ƸǔǗǘǐǏ
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘƫǘǕǦǢNJǩǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǑǘǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJ ǧǜǘǝǟǘǎǒǜǗǒǐǏǙǘǕNJǡǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǑNJǕNJcǷǡǜǘNjǥǎNJnjNJǜǦ
ǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǘNjǥǎǏǗǗǥǖǒǔǝǟǗǏǓǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓ ǛnjǏǜǒcnjcǛNJǖǝNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔǝȁ
ǙǘnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǔǝǎNJǖǏǗǏǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥ ƹǘǟǘǐǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖcǷǛcǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǖ
ǖǒnǜǏNJǜǚǘǖ~ǒcnǖǝǑǏǏǖ~ƬcǖǝǑǏǏcǷǑNJǙǘǕǝǙǚǘǑǚNJǡ ǙǏǚǏǙNJǎǘǖǝǚǘnjǗǏǓcǷǝǛǜǚǘǏǗǥnjǛǏǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǙǚǘ
ǗǘǓǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔǘǓcǷǜNJǛNJǖNJǩǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩǖǘǜǘǠǒǔǕǘnj ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJNJcǧǜǘǜǚǒǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǎnjNJǛNJǗǝǑǕNJ
ǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǑNJǛǒǩǏǜǔǘǍǎNJnjǔǕǨǡǒǜǛǩǙǘǎǛnjǏǜǔNJ ƼǏNJǜǚ ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜƽcǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǒǑǗǒǟcǷǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǛnjǘǓǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǥǓ
ǐǏcǷǧǜǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǖǝǑǥǔNJǕǦǗNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǗǘǙǚǘ ǛǙǘǛǘNjǛnjǩǑǒǛcǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǏǓǙǚǒǚǘǎǘǓǝcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJcǷ
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǏǏǚǏǢǏǗǘǔNJǔǜǏNJǜǚǝcǛǜǏǗǥcǷǝǍǕǝNjǕǏǗǒǏ ǘǔǗǘǒcǖǒǔǚǘǕǘǎǐǒǩǝcǎǏǜǛǔǘǓǔǘǖǗNJǜǥcǷNjNJǕǔǘǗ
ǙǘǎǚǘǩǕǦ ǛǠǏǗNJ njcǠǏǗǜǚǏcǷǙNJǚǜǏǚǝcǘǔǗNJcǷNjǏǕǦǧ ǡǒǔǝcǟǘǑǩǓǛǔǘǓǛǙNJǕǦǗǒcǷǙǚǘǛǜǘǕǘǎǐǒǩǝcǍǘǛǜǏ
ǜNJǐ ǙǘǎǒǝǖǛcǙǘǎǝǢǔNJǖǒ  njǘǓcǷǕǘǎǐǒǩǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖNjNJǕǔǘǗǘǖƼǘǏǛǜǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ƷǘǛǜǘǒǜnjǛǜǝǙǒǜǦǗNJǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǝǔNJǔǗNJ ǙǏǚǏǙNJǎǥǝǚǘnjǗǏǓǗNJǟǘǎǩǜǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǏnjcǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǒ
ǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǜNJǔNJǩǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǒcǗǏǛǗǒǕNJǛǦǚǝǛ ǧǜǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǗNJǞNJǛNJǎǏǗǘǒcǒǟǙǕNJǗǘǎǒǗnǑNJǙNJǎNJ
ǛǔǘǖǝǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝƫǝǔnjNJǕǦǗǘcǷǗǒǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ Ǐǜ~NjǘǕǦǢǏǎǚǝǍǘǓǖǏǗǦǢǏǘǔǗNJǖǘǍǝǜNjǥǜǦǑNJǙǘǎǕǒ
njcǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǏƽǐǏǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǓnǕǏǛǜǗǒǡǗǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǔǏ~ǘNj ǠǘǛcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖǞNJǛNJǎǘǖNJcǖǘǍǝǜǜǘǗǝǜǦnjcǐǏǕǏǑǗǘǖ
ǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǎnjNJǎǘǖǒǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǥnjǏǢǏǗǥnjcǙǝǛǜǘ ƲcǏǛǕǒNjNJǕǔǘǗǥnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕǒǛǙǘǛǘNjǘǖǘNjǘǍNJǜǒǜǦǞNJ
ǜǏǘǎǒǗǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓ ǎǏǜǛǔǒǓ ǎǚǝǍǘǓǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǓ ǛǙNJǕǦ ǛNJǎǜǘǜNJǔǘǓNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǚNJNjǘǜǥnjcǘNjǚNJǜǗǘǖǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒ
Ǘǩ ƶNJǕǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǝcǗǒǟǚNJǑǗNJǩǘǜǎǏǕǔNJǘǗǒǗNJǟǘǎǩǜǛǩ njǍǕǝNjǦǛǜǏǗǥ ǗǒǔǜǘǏǣǏnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǗǏ
ǗNJǚNJǑǗǥǟǝǚǘnjǗǩǟƮNJǕǦǢǏǧǜǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǑNJǔǘǗǘǖ ǙǚǘǎǏǕǥnjNJǕ

264 
74.
# 
 

N"^.SVxR‡ˆ U!Ž*' <'RXNUˆ UX#R_RU ";Š
)W "<)RNaTV ;UXUa*#U N*X*"‰W' ^_VJ


 
 
  VJ _VU "UwRJ*V U~^~*R* !^NVU UR VUV wN*‰
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   

   R* UNRU N*WV)*V*- R ;XRN)*xRUV‰ SVUˆ ;UŠ


VXUˆJ Ra*'^ "X*'*R ^Jw‡"]V !U)‰a* UVJŠ


 
X‡V‡* V*XX‡- "<U!."V‡"]~*ˆ . N*X*"WRRUˆ
     

X*a*VJ* ;XUW")W*VW TX'*RR‡ˆ ;U_*XJ  )]!WŠ


  (*( !" # ~*#U U_*VR* ;XUV‡. TUX' <VURJU ;XUXU"RŠ

(% R‡. JURVX^J`ˆ- (;  X 


+ \<=H ?>@M


  NK<;

ƪnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǗNJǙǘǡǏǜǗǘǖǖǏǛǜǏnjǒ
ǛǒǜnjcǚNJǖǘǡǔǏǙǏǚnjǥǓǧǛǔǒǑǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷ
ǔNJǔǒcnjǛǏnǙǘǡǏǚǔǝǢǔǒ~ƪǛǛNJǛNJǖǘǠǏǗǗǘǏ
ƱǒǗNJǒǎNJǂNJǟǘnjǛǔNJǩǔǗǩǍǒǗǩǒcǙǒǛNJ ǍǚNJǞǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǏƬcǏǍǘNjǏǍǕǥǟ
ǜǏǕǦǗǒǠNJ ǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘ ǖǏǜǔǘ ǝǕǒǡNJǕNJ ǢǜǚǒǟNJǟ ǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǛǘǜNJǖǒǙǘ
ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJƷNJNjǘǔǘnjNJnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǘǗnǗǒ ǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǑNJǜǩǍǒnjNJǏǜǞNJǛNJǎ ǝǐǏǗNJǓǎǏǗǜǘǜ
ǔǘǍǎNJǗǏǑǗNJǕǑNJǙNJǟNJǔǘǗǘǙǕǒǗNJǍǚǏ nǎǒǑNJǓǗǔǘǎ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǒcǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǧǜǝǙǘ
ǜǘǓ ǛǘǕǗǠǏǖ ǎǥǟNJǗǒǩ ǑǏǖǕǒ ǙǘǛǕǏ ǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǘǜǜǏǟnǎNJǡǙǘƴNJǑNJǗǛǔǘǓǎǘǚǘǍǏ
ǙǘǕǘnjǘǎǦǩǛǜǝǔNJǖǘǕǘǜǒǕǔǒǗNJǍǝǖ Ǜc ǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒ ǑNJNjǘǚNJǖǒc Ƿ ǔNJǔ njǛǙǘǖǒ
ǗǏ~ƲcǡǜǘnǛǒǩǨǣǒǏǛǕNJǎǔǘǙǏnjǗǥǏ ǗNJǏǜƪǛǛcǷǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǟǛcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǖǒ
ǘǙǒǛNJǗǒǩǏǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǙǚǒǚǘǎǥǙǘǟǘ ǔǚǘnjǕǩǖǒǛcǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǚNJǑǚǥnjNJǖǒ
ǐǒǗNJnjǘǛǜǘǚǍǒǎNJǡǗǒǔNJNJcǗǏǡǏǕǘnjǏ ǖǏǐǎǝǎǘǖNJǖǒcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǖǗǏǘǡǏǗǦNjǕǒǑǔǘ
ǔNJǛcǑǏǖǕǏǨǔǚǘnjǗǘǛnjǩǑNJǗǗǘǍǘ~LJǜǘ ǧǜǘǖǘǏǎǏǜǛǜnjǘ~LJǜǒǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǎNJǡǒǝǐǏ
njǛǏ ǜNJǔ Ǘǘ ǒc ƷNJNjǘǔǘnj NjǥǕ ǗǘnjNJǜǘǚ ǗǏNjǥǕǒǜNJǔǖǗǘǍǘǛǘǛǜNJnjǗǥǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥ
NJc ǗǏ ǙǏǚǏǎnjǒǐǗǒǔǚǏNJǕǒǛǜ ǒc ǎNJǡNJ ǒcǎǏǜNJǕǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǔNJǔǎNJǡǒǍǏǚǘǏnjǁǏǟǘnjNJ
njǘǑǗǒǔǕNJǔNJǔǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǗǘnjǘǏǩnj ǒcƭǘǚǦǔǘǍǘnƬcǜǘǓǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǏNjǥǕNJǛǔǚǘǖ
ǕǏǗǒǏ ǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǗǘǏ ǙǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǏǖ ǗǘǛǜǦcǷǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜƪǛǛcǷƻǔNJǐǏǖǗNJ
ǗǘnjǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǛNJcǷǛǚǏǎǗǏǍǘƴǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǎNJǡǏǔNJǔǘǍǘǗǒNjǝǎǦNJǔNJǎǏǖǒǔNJǛNJǖNJǩNjǘǕǦ
ǗǏǟǘǜǏǕNJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛǩǛcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩ ǢNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJNjǥǕNJnjǛǏǍǘǜǘcǖǏǜǚǘnjǒǕǒ
ǗǒǗǘǖ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǛcǒǑNjǘǓ NJcǛcNjNJǚǒǗǘǖ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǛcǝǛNJǎǦ ƷǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǡǜǘǧǜNJǟNJ ǎNJǐǏǖǏǗǦǢǏƷǘǜNJǖNjǥǕǘǝǨǜǗǘ~
NjǘǓ ǟǘǜǏǕNjǥǎNJǗǏǖǘǍ ǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǛǜǒǔNJǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǘǜǗǏǛǏǗNJǒcǔcǘǛǜǏ ƲǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǒǖǒcǷǙǘcǖǏǜǚǘnjcǷǒcǘǔNJ
ƪǍǕNJnjǗǥǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǖǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǖ ǔǕǏǗǒǨ ǎǘǖNJ ǒc ǎNJǐǏ ǔc ǏǍǘ njǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǓ ǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǔǚNJǜǘnjǛǔǘǍǘ
ǘǜǕǒǡNJǨǣǒǖǎNJǡǝǘǜǒǑNjǥǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƸǗNJ ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏƸNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǥǏǔcǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǙǚǘǏ ǎǘǖǒǔNJǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩƽǨǜǐǏnjcǗǒǟ
ǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǖǗǘǍǘǙǘǑǐǏǡǏǖNjNJǕǔǘǗ ǛǜNJǜǝǛǗNJǩǎǏǜNJǕǦ ǖǥcǷǘǔǗNJnjcǙǘǕǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǧǜǘǗǏǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǏ ǚǏǐǒǛǛǒǚǝǏǜǛǩǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǜǘǗǔǘǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǏ
njcǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǒǕǒnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ ǑNJǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩǙǚǒ ǛǜǏǔǕNJǔNJǔǗǥǗǡǏǕǨNjǩǜNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǖǏǕ ǙǚǘǏǖǥnjǥnjǘǎǩǣǒǏǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǛǜǥǔǝǨǜǛǩ
ǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǗNJǛǕǏǎǗǒǠNJǛǏǗǏǓ ƮNJǐǏǛǕǘnjNJǧǜǒcǷnǜǏǚ ǔNJǩǚNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǔNJcǷǚǘnjǗǘǜNJǔNJǩǔNJǔNjǥǕNJ ǗNJǝǍǕNJǟǒcǛǖǏǗǩǨǜǛǩǝǑǔǒǖǒcǷǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǥ
ǚNJǛNJ~ǒcnnjǏǚNJǗǎNJ~cǷǡNJǛǜǘǙǝǜNJǨǜǟǘǜǩǒǑǧǜǒǖǘǕǘǍǒǒ njcǛǜNJǚǥǟǙǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǗǥǟǎNJǡNJǟ ǒcǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǔǘǏǍǎǏǗNJ ǖǒƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǘNjNJǧǜǒǟǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǔNJǐǝǜǛǩǛnjǘǏǍǘ
ǩǛǗǘǡǜǘnǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ~ XIVVE cǷǧǜǘǛǔǘǚǏǏnǑǏǖǕǩ~ǡǏǖ ǛǘǛǏǎǗǒǟǝǕǒǠNJǟnjcƴǚNJǜǘnjǘ ƸǗNJcǷnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcNjǏǕǥǖǠnjǏ ǚǘǎNJnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǖǒǟǘǜǩǘǗǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǜǏǙǕǥǏ ǘǜǘǙǕǏǗǒǏ
nǎǘǖ~NJcǙǘǛǝǜǒcǷǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǗNJǩǑǘǗNJǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒǧǕǏ ǜǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǒǗǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩNjǥNjNJǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ njcǎǘǖǏnjǘǎǩǗǘǏ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǏǛǕǒǘNjǣǒǓǘNjǤǏǖǎǘǖNJcǷǙǚǘ
ǖǏǗǜǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǨǣǒǓǎǘǖǒcǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǒǓǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜ ǙǚǒǗNJǎǕǏǐǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǕNJǛǜǒǔǘnjǥǟǘǔǘǗcǷǒcǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǧǜǘ ǛǜǘǓǒcǕNJǙǒǎNJǚǗǥǓǎNJǏǣǏnjǘNjǚNJnjǢǒǓnjcǛǏNjǩnjǏǚNJǗ
ƲcǧǜǘǙǚǘǖǏǐǝǜǘǡǗǘǏǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏ njǚǘǎǏǔNJǔnjcǎǘǖǏ ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏNJǐǝǚǗǘǛǜǒ ǎǥcǷǘǜǛǥǕNJǏǜǔcǜǏǖǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǖǎNJǡNJǖǜǘnNJǐǝǚǜǏǚ
NJcnjǚǘǎǏǔNJǔǒcǗNJǝǕǒǠǏ ǜǘǡǗǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǑǝǏǜǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǨ Ʋ ǜNJǔNJǩ ǐǏ nNjǏǕǘǛǗǏǐǗNJǩ NJǐǝǚǗNJǩ ǚNJǛ~cǷǧǜǘǔNJǔǚNJǑNJǕǕǨǑǒǩǗNJǎNJǡǒǗNJǡNJǕNJƿƿnjǏǔNJ
ǎNJǡǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǗǘǗǏnjcǘǍǘǚǘǎǏ ǒcnjǘǑǎǝǢǗNJǩ~cǷǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǜǘǡǗǏǏǏǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏǙǚǏǎ ƼNJǔnjcǧǜǘǖǘNjǚNJǑǏǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǜǛǩǎnjǏǛNJǖǥǏǍǕNJnjǗǥǏǎǕǩ
ƼǘǍǎNJnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏǎNJǡǗǥǟǕǏǜǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ ǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǣǏǏǛǘNjǘǓǛǏǜǔǝǛcǔǚǝǙǗǘǓǩǡǏǓǔǘǓƪcnjǛǏnjǖǏ ǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǗǘǛǜNJǕǦǍǒǒǒcǙǘƻƻƻƺǒcǙǘ
ǡǜǘǜǏǚǚNJǛNJcǷǧǜǘǎǕǩNjǏǑǎǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjǍǘǗǩǜǦǡNJǒǎNJǚNJǑǍǘ ǛǜǏcǷǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǓ ƺǘǛǛǒǒnǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǖǥǙǘǜǏǚǩǕǒ~ǏǣǏǚNJǗǦǢǏ
njǘǚǥǚNJǑǍǘnjNJǚǒnjNJǜǦƷǘǛǙǝǛǜǩǛǜǘǕǏǜǚNJǑǍǘnjǘǚǑNJǡNJǏǖ ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛnjǘǏǓǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦǨǗǘǒcǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǩǖǒǘǗ ƻǏǍǘǎǗǩ ǙǚNJnjǎNJ ǧǜǒ ǡǝnjǛǜnjNJ ǡNJǣǏ
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǨǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ njǥǛǘǔǒǓǒcǝǑǔǒǓƹǘǖǏǣǏǗǗǥǓnjcǠǏǗǜǚǎǘǖNJǘǗǘǔNJ ǒǖǏǗǝǨǜǛǕǘnjǘǖnǚǏǛǏǗǜǒǖǏǗǜ~ǒǖǏǩnjcnjǒǎǝǡǜǘǑNJ
ǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǜNJƻǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǘnjǥǢNJǏǜǛǩǒcǛǜNJǜǝǛǜǏǚ ǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǏǍǘǍǕNJnjǗǥǖnjǒǑǝNJǕǦǗǥǖǛǘNjǥǜǒǏǖǗǘǜNJǔǐǏ ǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǏǛǜǘǕǏǜǖǥǗNJǔǘǙǒǕǒǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǏǘNjǒǎǥǔǘ
ǚNJǛǥƲcǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǡǜǘǎǘǖǎǕǩǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǜǗǘǓǛǏǖǦǒ ǎNJ ǛcǝǛǙǏǟǘǖǛǙǚNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǒcǛcǑǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJ ǜǘǚǥǏǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǖǏǢNJǨǜǗNJǖǎnjǒǍNJǜǦǛǩǔǝǎNJǗǒNjǝǎǦnjǙǏ
ǏǣǏnjcǛǜNJǚǘǎNJǡǗǘǖǙǘǛǏǕǔǏ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩǔNJǔǘǖǖNJǐǎNJǡǏ ƻcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥcǷǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǛcǎǚǝ ǚǏǎƷǘnjǘǜǕǘǔNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǩǧǜǘǍǘǚǏǛǏǗǜǒǖǏǗǜNJnjcǙǚǏǎǏ
njǘǘNjǣǏNJcǝǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǛǩnjcǗǏǖǒǖǏǗǗǘǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǏǏǘǛǘNjǏǗ ǍǘǓcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩNJcǙǘǘǛǒcǷnjǥǟǘǎǗNJnjǏǚNJǗǎǝƻNJǖǐǏ ǕNJǟǎNJǡǗǘǍǘǝǡNJǛǜǔNJcǷǧǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǍǝǖNJǗǗǥǓǟǘǎǙǘǡǜǒ
ǗǘǛǜǦcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJƸǗNJnjǘǑnjǏǎǏǗNJnjcǔǝǕǦǜǒcǙǘnjǜǘǚǏǗNJǜǝǜ ǎǘǖNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓ cǖcšcǖ ǒcǙǘǝǍǕNJǖ ǙǛǒǟǘǜǏǚNJǙǏnjǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓƴǛǜNJǜǒǝǍǕǘnjǥǏǛǜǥǔǒǗNJǚǝǐ
ǛcnjNJǚǒNJǠǒǩǖǒ ǡǏǜǥǚǏǐǎǥcǷnNjǏǕǘǛǗǏǐǗNJǩNJǐǝǚǗNJǩ ǧǜǘǍǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǥǡǏǜǥǚǏ ǗǥǟǛǜǏǗnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǥǙǘǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒnǕNJǛǜǘǡǔǒǗǟnjǘǛǜ~
ǒcnjǘǑǎǝǢǗNJǩǔNJǔǔǚǝǐǏnjǗNJǩǛǔNJǜǏǚǜǦǗNJǔǚǝǍǕǘǖǛǜǘǕǏ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒƯǛǜǦnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǏǣǏǒcǖNJǗǛNJǚǎNJǛcǔǚǘǟǘǜǗǥǖ njǘǒǑNjǏǐNJǗǒǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǩǝǍǕǘnjǥǟǗNJǣǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjcǷ
ǑNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǙǒǕǒǡNJǓǎNJǡǗǒǔǒǁǏǟǘnjNJǒcƭǘǚǦǔǘǍǘ~ ǘǔǗǘǖcǷNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǥǓǚNJNjǘǡǒǓǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǛǥǗNJǟǘǑǩǏnjǎǘǖNJ ǗǘǒcǧǜǘǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǙǚǘƴǚǏǖǕǦ

266 
75.
p 
 ).
SVUV ;XU*JV "UwRJ "<X*w^)‰VV* ;UJ UV"*V R "U;XUF JJUˆ !‡ R' .UŠ
V*)U‰ "N*V‰ xwR‰ "<U"X*'*RRUˆ XUŒ R' R* RX"VW VU _VU '‡ "Š


 
 

  N' "UJX^#F VXUU"*VJ* N_ RU"UX^J* w'J- R' SVU R* !)wJUF
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   ). N*U)U# _ *J "* SVU< "Uw"XV "<;XUa)U*- '‡ x* .UV*) !‡ ;UVXUV‰ NU' ^VX*'Š
)*RR‡ˆ J<'X^ !^N^~*#U< J<'X^ JUVUX‡ˆ !‡) !‡ U"X*'*RR‡' UVJX‡V‡' SJU)U#_Š
  ).
R‡' R*NUXU#' <S)*#RVR‡'-
  ( !" # RU "<_*' ;*`TJ SVU#U NU' JJ ;X*NV"V*)W XUˆJUˆ X.V*JV^X‡Œ XUW<
(6 *"*XRW VXR ;USVU'^ U"X*'*RR‡ˆ X^Jˆ NwˆR ™*) !‡ UR ^~*V"U")š JUŠ

  ). X** "*#U !‡) !‡ !)wUJ )JUR_RU'^ ;UJUˆRU'^ JRNR"JU'^ NwˆR^- UV]N
;XUVUV SVU#U NU'< UR ;UVXU*R R URU"* ;XW'U^#U)‰RUˆ JUXU!J <^<R*#U "*#U
)a‰ UNR JV JXU")-
XUW< VXR ;XUVUXRW R' "*#N Jw)U‰ VXRR‡' _VU "<Ra. #UXUN. VU)‰Š
JU 'RU#USVxR‡. wNRˆ <Nx* w#UXUNR‡* NU' JJ ;X")U N"^.Š V X*.SVxR‡*- SVU
JJWŠ VU Ua!J- Ra NU' NU)xR‡ !‡V‰ UNRUSVxR‡'- N*W ;XUVUX< SVU <N*W
UVJX‡VUV "U"R*- ;USVU'^ SVUV NU' JJ !‡ UVJX‡"*V U!ŽWVW VX*'VW "U!XV‰ "<*!W
JJ 'UxRU !U)‰a* "*V ;X ;U'U~ ;RUX'RU#U UV*J)*RW-

ǔǒǚǙǒǡNJƹNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘnǒǑ ƷǘǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǎǘǖǚNJǛǔǚǥǜǔcǝǡNJǛǜ
ǛǜǏǔǕNJǒcǙNJǕǘǔ~ƬcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏcǷ ǔǝǘǗǒcǗNJǝǕǒǠǝǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǜǏǖǐǏǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǞNJǛNJǎǘǖcǷ
ǚǏǏǡǗǥǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǙǘǜǘǕǘǔ ǟǘǜǩǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǎǘǖǛǜNJnjǩǜnǕǒǠǘǖ~ǜǘǕǦǔǘǔcǝǡNJǛǜǔǝƼǝǎNJ
ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓǖǏǜǚǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǎǏ ǐǏǍǕǩǎǒǜǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛNJǖNJǙǘǛǏNjǏǜǘǐǏǗǏǛǕǒǢ
ǢǏnjǕǏǡǏǖǎNJǐǏǝcǗNJǜǩǐǗǘǍǘ~ ǔǘǖǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗNJǝcǛǚǏǎǗǏǍǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJƷǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǡǏǕǘ
ƷNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǎǘǖǗǏǜNJǔǘǓǝǐ njǏǔǛǎǏǕNJǏǜǛǔǘǚǏǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǝǨnjǏǚNJǗǎǝNJcǜǝǜcǷǘǜǔǚǥ
ǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓcǷǔnjǖcNJcǘǜǎǏǕNJǗ ǜNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǎNJǏǣǏnjcǗǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǗǘǓǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒcǔnjcǖ
ǘǗǙǕNJǗǔǏǗǘǖǒǑǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǥ ǙǝǛǜǘǜǥǗNJǔnjǖǘǜNJǙǕǒnjNJǏǖǘǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǒƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ
ɭ
ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǜǘǐǏnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǗǏnjNJǍǘǗ ǔNJǔǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǜNJǔǒcnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǏǣǏǒcnjcǛǜNJǚǘǎNJǡǗǥǏnjǚǏǖǏ
ǔNJƬǙǚǘǡǏǖnjǥNjǚNJǕǏǏLjǑNjNJ ǗNJǚNJǛǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǕǒǛǦǔNJǔǗǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǔǘǜǘ
ǢǏnjǒǑǛǘǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǓǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǒ ǚǥǓǖǘǐǗǘǎǘNjNJnjǒǜǦǒǕǒǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǕǒǔnjǒǎǒǚǘnjNJǜǦƲǕǒ
njcǡǏǖǘǗNJǑǗNJǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǏnjǘǛ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǒǜǦǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒnjǜǏǚǚNJǛǝnjcnjǏǚNJǗǎǝǁǜǘNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘ
ǟǘǎǒǜǛǘǛǗǝ NJcǏǣǏǘǗNJǙǘǑnjǘǕǒ ǒcǙǘǛǏǓǎǏǗǦnƭǕNJnjǗǥǓǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǜǘǍǘǔNJǔǝcǗNJǛǛǜǚǘ
ǕNJǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǥǓǛǜǥǔcǷǜǘǜ ǩǜcǷǧǜǘǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǙǝǜǏǖǙǚǒNjNJnjǕǏǗǒǩ
ǛNJǖǥǓǝǍǘǕǙǘǎǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjǙǘǎ ǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǙǚǒNjNJnjǔǒǽƷNJǐǒnjǒǜǦǻǔNJǔǧǜǘ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǎǘǖnǕǘǖNJǏǜǛǩ~ ǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩƪcǙǘǜǘǖǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǦNJcǙǘǜǘǖǘǙǩǜǦǗNJǐǒnjǒǜǦ
ƼǏǖ ǗǏ ǖǏǗǏǏ ǗNJ ǎnjǘǚǏǠ ǎǘǖ ƱǎǏǛǦǐǏcǷǏǎǒǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǽǕǘǖNJǏǜǛǩǻ
ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǗǏ Ǚǘǟǘǐ Ʋc ǗǏ ǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖNJcǙǘǜǘǖǒǑǗǏǍǘǽnjǥǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǻǙǝǛǜǘǜNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ~
ƻǚǏǎǒnjǛǏǟǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǥǟǒcǖǘǎǝǕǦǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnj NJcǔNJǔǚNJǑ ǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǖǒ Ǘǘ ǏǣǏ ƸNjǤǏǖǧǜǘǜǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǏǗǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǙǕNJ
njcǶcǍǘǎNJǟnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǕǝǡǒǕǛǩǒǟǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓ ǒcnjǥǛǘǜǘǨǒcǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǖnjcǙǚǘ ǗǏǗǘǒcnjcǚNJǑǚǏǑǏƬǏǎǦǝcǘNjǥǡǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǔǚǘnjǕǩǎnjǝ
Njǝǖ ǎǘǖLjǑNjNJǢǏnjNJnjǥǎǏǕǩǏǜǛǩǔǚNJǓǗǏǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦ ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏƯǛǕǒǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǍǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǛǜǚǘǒǜ ǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǛnjǏǛNJǖǒǜǝǜcǷǘǎǗǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǒcNjǏǑ
ɭ  J  - ƒe—p
ǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǘǓƷǏǜǘǡǜǘNjǥǏǏǗǏǑǗNJǕNJǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǩǡNJǛǜ kgt „§fh S:
ǎǘǖnjcǎnjNJǧǜNJǐNJǜǘLjǑNjNJǢǏnjǛǎǏǕNJǕǘǎǒǗƲcǧǜǘǙǚǒ ǛnjǏǛǘnjƷǘǧǜǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǜǘǕǦǔǘǛcNjǘǔǘnjǥǟ
ǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJnjǥǍǒNjNJǨǜǛǩǙǘǕǝǔǚǝǍǘǖǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ "
 

- @GI@ ǜǘǖǡǜǘǚǘǎǗǘǓNjǚNJǜnnjǛǏǍǎNJǟǘǜǏǕnjǒǎǒǑnjǥǛǘǔǘǍǘ ǚNJǔǝǚǛǘnjǛǙǏǚǏǎǒǎǘǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǓnjǒǕǕǘǓ
ǒǎǝǜǙǘǎǝǍǏǎǘǖNJǛǜǝǎǒǒƪǚǗǏljǔǘNjǛǏǗNJ  ǒcƪǕ ǘǔǗNJ~ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝ Ǐǖǝ ǘǜǘǢǕNJ ǙǚNJnjNJǩ ǡNJǛǜǦ ǎǘǖNJ ǍǎǏ ǛcǙǕǘǛǔǘǓǔǚǘnjǕǏǓƲcǒǖǏǗǗǘǢǒǚǘǔǒǓnǕǘNj~Ǚǚǘǟǘ
njNJǚNJƪNJǕǜǘ  NJcǘǎǒǗǒǑǙǏǚnjǥǟǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjNjǚǒǜNJǗ nnjǒǎǒǑǘǔǗNJǔNJǔǛǘnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJ~ƪcǕǏnjǝǨǡNJǛǜǦcǷ ǎǩǣǒǓǙǘǎǝǛǕǘnjǗǥǖǔNJǚǗǒǑǘǖ ǒcǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǘǍǚǝNjǕǩ
ǛǔǘǍǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǘǗNJǕǒǑǖNJcǷ,MKLERH3ZIV  ƪǖǦǩǛNJ ǔǝNjǒǔǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǛcǘǔǗNJǖǒǗNJǜǚǒǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷNJnjǜǘǚǙǘ ǨǣǒǓǞNJǛNJǎ ǛǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǧǜǝǟǒǜǚǘǛǜǦƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǡǜǘ
ƴǘǗǗǏǕǕNJcǷǒcnjǘnjǛǏǜǚǒǕǒǛǜǗǒǔǘǖǚNJǛǠnjǏǜNJǏǜƷǘǎǕǩ ǕNJǍNJǏǜnNJǗǜǘǗǒǖǘǖNjNJǢǏǗǔǒ~nƴNJǔǏǛǕǒǛǖǘǜǚǘnjǝǨ ǒcǕǘNjǧǜǘǜǒcǡǏǚǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǘǔǘǗ ǙǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘǘNjǥǡǗǘ
ǎǘǖNJǎǏǢǏnjǘǍǘǒcǜǒǙǘnjǘǍǘǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǏǝǛǕǘǐǗǏǗǒǏǞǘǚ NjNJǢǗǨnjǥnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǗNJǒǑǗNJǗǔǝnjǗǝǜǚǦǎǘǖNJƼNJǔǡǜǘǒǑ ǘǗǒNjǏǕǥǏ ǛǜNJǕǒǡNJǛǜǦǨǎǒǑNJǓǗǔǘǎNJǙǚǘǏǔǜNJnƴǘnj
ǖǥǡǚǏnjNJǜǘǡǏǖǛǕǘǐǗǏǏcǷǜǏǖǜǚǝǎǗǏǏǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǔNJǡǏ ǗǏǏǖǘǐǗǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǒcǡǏǚǏǑǜǏǚǚNJǛǝnjǒǎǏǜǦ ǡǏǍ~ƹǏǚnjǘǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǜNJǔǗNJǑǥnjNJǕǛǩǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǒcǜǏǖǐǏ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǒcǎǘǚǘǐǏ njǛǨǙǚNJnjǝǨǡNJǛǜǦǎǘǖNJ~ ǒǖǏǗǏǖNjǥǕNJǗNJǚǏǡǏǗNJnjǛǩǕǒǗǏǓǔNJǜǒǙǘnjǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǔǘ
ƸǎǗNJǔǘǎǕǩNJnjǜǘǚNJǙǘǎǘNjǗNJǩǞǘǚǖNJ ǕǒnjǥǗNJǖǒǜǒǗǍNJǟǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǒǟǘǜǦǘǎǗǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘ ƷǘǘǎǒǗǧǜNJǐnjǖǏǛǜǘǎnjǝǟcǷǧǜǘnjǙǘǕ ǜǘǚǥǏLjǑNjNJǢǏnjnjccǍǘǎǝǚǏǢǒǕǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǗNJǙǘǜǘǔ
NjǥǕNJnjNJǐǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǦǨǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖǥǎǘǖNJNJcǛNJǖǎǘǖcǷ ǚNJǔǚǘǖǏƯnjǍǏǗǒǩƪǛǛNJ# ǗǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjcǚNJǖǔNJǟǝǙǚǘǣǏǗǒǩǒcǜǒǙǒǑNJǠǒǒNJcnjǘǜǧǜǘǜ ƻǚǏǎǒǗǒǟǏǛǜǦǒcǛǘnjǛǏǖǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǏ ǔnjǖ ǒcǛǚǏǎǗǒǏ
ǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǘǖ Ʋc njc ǧǜǘǖ ǛǖǥǛǕǏ ǧǜǘ NJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘ ǝǗǒ nƬcǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǖǘǖǏǗǜǩcǙǘǗǩǕcǷǍǘnjǘ ǛǕǘǖǒǖǏǏǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǏnƶǗǏ  ǒcǎNJǐǏǝǍǕǘnjǘǓ ǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǓǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǘǖǝ 
ǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏcǷǎNJǐǏǗNJǛǜǚNJǗǒǠNJǟǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒ ǚǒǜNJnjǜǘǚcǷǡǜǘǧǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓNJǗǜǘǗǒǖǜǒǙǒǡǗǘ NjǥǕǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǜǦǎǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏ ǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜǛǩnjcNJǛǛǘǚǜǒǖǏǗǜǏƸNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǖ
ƿǘǜǩNjǥǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǧǜǘǜǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ ǍǘǎǘǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǜǚǘǒǜǛǩnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒ~ƲcnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏ ǛǔǒNjǥǕNjǥǙǚǩǖǘǓǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǨǜǒǙǘnjǥǖǚǘǛ ǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǍǘ
ǙǘǔǝǢNJǨǣǒǓǛǩ ǗNJ ǙǘǕǒǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǏ ǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǒǏ ǚǏǎǦcǷǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒnƸNjǥǡǗǘnjǏǎǦ ǛǒǓǛǔǒǖǙǚǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǩǖǛǏNjǩnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏƬǖǏǛǜǘǧǔǛ ǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǘnjǖǏǣǏǗǗNJǩǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǗǝǒcǔǘǗǏǡ
ǒcǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǛǗǘnjǥǗNJǢǏǓǐǒǑǗǒƪcǚǏǎǔǒǓNJǚǟǒ ǎǘǖnjcƹǘǎǖǘǛǔǘnjǦǏǎǏǕNJǏǜnjǒǎǡǜǘǘǗǎnjǘǚǏǠƷǝǒǕǒ ǙNJǗǛǒǒǗNJǚǝǐǝcǷǙǚǒǗǩǜǒǏnjǗǝǜǚǦƸǜǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǦnjǖǏǛǜǘ ǗǘǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǧǜǘǍǘǞNJǛNJǎNJ
ǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǜnjNJǐǒǜǛǩǙǚǘǒǑǗǏǛǜǒǜNJǔǘǏnjǛǕǝǟƷǏǍǘnjǘǚǩ ǟǘǜǩNjǥǔǘǜǜǏǎǐǽƫǘǕǦǢǘǓǔǚNJǛǒnjǥǓǒcǗǏǎǘǚǘǍǘǓǻcǷ ǑNJǔǚǥǜǘǛǜǒǣǏǎǚǘǛǜǦnjǖǏǛǜǘǔǝǛǘǡǗǒǡǏǛǜnjNJƬǎǘǟnjǖǏ ƹǚNJnjǎNJ ǜNJǔǘǓ ǝǛǙǏǟ ǔNJǔ nƮǝNjǕǦ
ǝǐǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǒcǛNJǖNJǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǩcǷǙǘǑǒǜǒnjǗNJǩǙǘǛǝǜǒ ǙǚǘǛǒǜǕǨNjǘǓǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔƪcǩcǛǚNJǑǝǛǜǚǘǒǕǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓ ǛǜǘnjǥǎǘǟNJƼǘǏǛǜǦǗǏǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏ Ʈǘǖ~ 66 nƴǘnjǡǏǍǒ~ǗǏǛǗǒǛǔNJǕǒǒcnjǏǡǗǘǒǣǝǣǒǓLjǑ
NJcnjcǜǏǔǝǣǏǓǚǘǛǛǒǓǛǔǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǣNJǩ ǛNJǚNJǓǛcǔǚǥǢǏǓǒǑǙǚǘǞǕǒǛǜNJƴNJǚǔNJǛǗNJǩǜǏǟǗǘǕǘ ǽǒǑǗǝǜǚǒcǷǗNJǚǝǐǝǻNJcǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǽǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷnjǗǝǜǚǦǻ NjNJǢǏnjǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǙǚǘǏǔǜǛnjǘǏǖǝǙNJǚǜǗǏǚǝƷNJǜNJǕǒǒƫǚNJǓ
ǙǘǕǗǝǨǕǘǩǕǦǗǘǛǜǦnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘǛǏǚnjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǒ ƬǒǎǏǕǒ ǍǒǩǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjcǎnjNJǚNJǑNJǎǏǢǏnjǕǏǖNJǛǛǒnjNJǎǏǚǏnjNJǒǕǒ ǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǔNJǔNjǥnjǟǘǎǒǜnjcǎǘǖ~ ǕǘnjǛǔǘǓNJcǛNJǖǘǜǙǚNJnjǒǕǛǩǎNJǕǦǢǏnjcǗǏnjǏǎǘǖǘǏ

268 
76.
t_9
 
 
JJ N*)*VW R;X'*X R*'*`Jˆ !‡VXUŠ
"Uw"UN'‡ˆ NU'Œ R_) )‰]V T^RN'*RV


 
 
 &  "<V*_*R* '*W` ;UVU' "Uw"UNWV JUXU!J^
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

 
 
  w ?¨I R*N*) ;U)* _*#U ;U)#UN "*N^V "R^VX*RR* XŠ
!UV‡- ^<R x* X!UV‡ "R^VX <RX^x ;XUw"UNWVW
     
UNRU"X*'*RRUF <V' <V' UNR <VUV x* 'V*X)-
>IL:"4(% U#XxN]~W JURVX^J`W W")W*VW TR)‰RUˆ _*XRUŠ
  - !" # "Uˆ ;U)< _VU"‡'- ;)RV^ R*V "‡UJU* J_*V"U

(6 ;R*)*ˆ U!*;*_"*V _*VJU* ;X'‡JR*- ;)UJW JX‡Š


a Rx*V wVXV‡ 'V*X)U" R VX*V‰- #!XV‡ JXŠ

    
JRUˆ ;UVXUˆJ X_V‡"]VW VJ _VU!‡ ;U)‰Š
wU"V‰ VXUˆ'V*X)‡ VRNXVR‡. ^VRU")*RR‡.
#UVU' Xw'*XU"- "* _VU 'UN^)‰RU "*#N !‡VX**
;UVU'^ _VU VXUV*) R VXUˆJ* R* ~^V JJ^]Š VU
U;X*N*)*RR^] N*V)‰- ^<R. *V‰ VRNXVR‡* Xw'*X‡
)V VRNXVR‡* V*J)U;J*V‡ ;USVU'^ UR !*X^V
)]!‡* <^VR")"]V "<)]!U' '*V*< <"* ;UN.UŠ
NV- NU' V*;)‡ˆ UwNR ;UN Ra J)'V_*J* ^Š
)U"WF ^V*;)V*)W "<V*R.< VU)‰JU JU)‰JU "*)WV
XUˆJ* RUX'‡ ™UV @M> NU ?>><''š <U!U#X*"*VW UR
ƬǛǏ ǙǒǛNJnjǢǒǏ ǘNj ǧǜǘǖ ǎǘǖǏ ǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘ ǙǘǖǒǗNJ ƸǗnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǗǏ "UNWR‡' UVU;)*R*'F VX^!‡ ;XU)Ux*R‡ "<;U)^-
ǨǜǡǜǘǘǗnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǕǏǗǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǘǖǶǟǍǘǎǘnj ǜǘǕǦǔǘǍǘǜǘnjǘǡǗǥǓǑNJǗǒǖǜNJǔǐǏ
ǒcǙǏǚǒǘǎǒǡǏǛǔǒǎNJǐǏǗNJǑǥnjNJǨǜnjǒǕǕǝLJǎǒǜƾNJǚǗǛǝǘǚǜ ǒcǏǎǩǜcǷǡǜǘǕǒǢǗǒǓǚNJǑǝǔǚǏ ǜNJǑǒǒ~cǷǍǘnjǘǚǒǜƷNJǛǏǎǔǒǗƷǏǕǒǢǏǗǒǚǘǗǒǒǒcǧǜǘǜ
 njcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑǠNJƬcǧǜǘǖǑǎNJǗǒǒƶǒǛ ǙǕǩǏǜǏǍǘǛǜNJǜǝǛǒcǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǛǜǘǕ ǞNJǗǏǚǗǥǓǎǘǖǛcǎǘǚǘǍǒǖǎǒnjNJǗǘǖcǷǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǖ ǔNJǔ
njNJǗǎǏǚƺǘǧǛǘǏǎǒǗǒǕǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǒǑǖƺNJǓǜNJNJǛǔǏǜǒǑǖ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗnjcNJǕǜNJǚǦcǷǒcǘǗǔǛǜNJ ǒcnjǛǩǙǚǘǡNJǩǖǏNjǏǕǦ ǗNJǑNJǔNJǑǙǘǧǛǔǒǑNJǖNJnjǜǘǚNJƹǚǒ
ƵǘǘǛNJ ǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǑǖ ƫNJǝǟNJǝǛNJ nǗǘǐǔǒ~ ƵǏ ƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏ ǜǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǟǘǚǘǢǘǘǛnjǏǣǏǗ ǧǜǘǖǛǘǘǚǝǐNJǕNJǛǦǖǏNjǏǕǦǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖǛǙǘǛǘNjǘǖcǷ
ǒc ǎNJǐǏ NJNJǕǜǘnjǛǔǘǏ ǙǘǔǕǘǗǏǗǒǏ ǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ Ʒǘ ǙǏǚǏ ǗǘǒcǛNJǖǛnjǏǜǒǜǛǩǙǘǎǛǜǘǕǏǢ ǙǚǩǖǘǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǎǘǖǘǖƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǜNJǔǘǓ
ǙǕNJnjǒnj njǛǏ ǧǜǘ ǎǘnjǏǕ ǎǘ ǑnjǘǗNJ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏ ǜǏǖǥ ǗǒǠǏǓǙǚǘǕǘǐǏǗNJǛnjǏǜǘǎǒǘǎǗNJǩ ǙǘnjNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǒǑNJǠǒǒǎǘǖNjǥǕǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǑNJcǖǏ
ǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ ǙNJǚǏǗǒǏ ǠǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦ ǘNjǤǏǖNJ ǛnjǘNjǘǎ ǙǘǎǛnjǏǜǔNJƺNJǑǖNJǟǝǛǜǘǕNJǛǘǘǜ ǛǩǠNJcǷNjǥǛǜǚǏǏǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǛǘNjǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǜǘǕǦǔǘnƮǝNjǕǦ
ɭ
ǗǥǓǙǕNJǗcǷNJcǝǐǏǒǑǧǜǘǍǘnjǥǚNJǛǜǏǜnjǏǛǦǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖ njǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ ǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǓ ǎǒnjNJǗ ǒǑ ƪǞNJǛNJǎǗǝǨǞNJǗǏǚǝǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǙǚǘǙǒǜNJǕǒ Ʈǘǖ~ 66 ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǖǎǘǖƷNJǛǏǎǔǒǗNJǖǘǐǏǜ
njǜǘǚǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǥƿƿnjǏǔNJǒcǜNJǔǘǓnjNJǐǗǥǓǏǍǘǒǑnjǘǎ NjǏǕǘǓ ǔǘǐǒ NJc ǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐ ǘǍǗǏNjǒǘǑNJǣǒǜǗǥǖǛǘǛǜNJnjǘǖǙǘǜǘǖǑNJǍǚǝǗ ǔǘǗǔǝǚǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǒcǙǘǡNJǛǜǒǛǜǘǒǖǘǛǜǒnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǖǏNjǏǕǦǨ
ǔNJǔ ǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖ ƹǚNJnjǎNJ njǛǏ njǥǢǏǙǏǚǏǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǏ ǗǝǨǛǜǘǕǝǛǜǏǗǝnjǏǗǡNJǏǜnǙǕNJǑ ǜǘnjNJǕǒǒcǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǛǕǏǧǜǘǍǘǙǘǔǚǥǕǒnjcǎnjNJ ǘǗǘNjǘǢǏǕǛǩnjccǖǒǕǕǒǘǗNJǚǝNjǕǏǓǜNJǔǡǜǘNJnjǜǘǚǛǖǏǕǘ
ǜǏǖǥ njǘǙǕǘǣNJǕǒǛǦ njc ǔNJǔǒǟ ǝǍǘǎǗǘ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǟ Ǘǘ ǖNJ~c Ƿ ǏǣǏ ǘǎǒǗ ǗǏǒǑNjǏǐǗǥǓ ǛǕǘǩǕNJǔǘǖƷǘǧǜǘǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓNJǛǙǏǔǜ ǖǘǐǏǜǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǏǍǘǗNJǙǘǜǘǔǁǜǘnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǘǜǡNJǛǜǒǒcǙǚǘ
ǙǘǡǜǒǗǒǔǘǍǎNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏcǷnjcǧǜǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǎǘǖƷNJǛǏǎ NJǜǚǒNjǝǜǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǛǡNJǛǜǦǩƼǘ NJcǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǒcǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǓƹǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡNJ ǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǙǚǏǎǥǎǝǣǒǏǎǘǖNJƷNJǛǏǎǔǒǗNJ XCǒc0LSYWI
ǔǒǗNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǑNJǔǘǗǗǥǓǗNJǛǕǏǎǗǒǔ ǏǛǜǦǑǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǎǘǖǔNJǔǒcnjǒǕǕNJ ǛnjǘǏǖǝǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǨǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖnjǛǏǍǎNJNjǥǕ NjǥǕǒǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘNjǚNJǗǥǙǘǜǘǓǐǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǒǗǘǝǐǏ
ǗǘǒcǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǓǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǜǏǕǦ ƾNJǚǗǛǝǘǚǜǛǔǘǚǏǏǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǡǏ ǎǘǚǘǍcǷǝǐǏǛcǛNJǖǘǍǘǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǛnjǘǏǍǘǘNjǚNJǑ ǒǖǏǕǒǛǟǘǐǒǓǘNjǚNJǑǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǡǏǓǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǞNJ
ƸǗǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǙNJǚǒǜǜNJǔǘǜǡNJǩǗǗǘǔNJǔ ǛǔǒǘǎǒǗǔǚNJǓcǷǏǎNJǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷ ǠNJǍǏǚǖNJǗǛǔǘǍǘǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗNJǜǘǍǘǐǏƶǒǛNJnjNJǗ ǛNJǎǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǑNJǔǕǨǡǏǗnjcǖNJǛǛǒnjǗǝǨǚNJǖǝƬcǚNJǖǏcǷ
ǎǘǖƾNJǚǗǛǝǘǚǜ ǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǛnjNJǓǗǘǖǘǗǘǕǒǜǗǥǓ ǒcǗǏ ǔǒǗǘǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǙǚǒǚǘǎNJ ǎǏǚƺǘǧ  ƲǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǛǔǝǙǘǛǜǦ ǗǒǑǔǘǧǖǒǛǛǒǘǗǗǘǏǛǜǏǔǕǘǗǝNJcnǔNJǚǜǒǗǘǓ~ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ
ǜNJǔǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǏǗ ǕǏǗǜǘǡǗǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǒǎǏǜǕǒǢǦǙǘ ƪ ǔǚǘǖǏ ǎnjǝǟ ǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǟ ǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǘnj ɭ '
   X v- ǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǙǚǒǏǖǘnjǒcǙǚǘǛǜǘǜNJǞǘǚǖ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǐǏǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣNJǩǙǚǒǚǘǎNJƸǗNJǐǏǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒǕNJ
ǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝǞNJǛNJǎǝ ǗǘǝcǗǏǍǘǏǛǜǦǛnjǘǓǛǙǘǛǘNjǛnjǩǑǒ njcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǜcǷǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩ "
 T  %  ǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǒǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjNJǧǜǒǟǗǏǖǗǘ ǒcǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘnǖǚNJǡǗǥǓ~ǠnjǏǜǎǘǖNJnƼNJǔǘǓǘǜǜǏǗǘǔcǷ
ǛcǗǏNjǘǖLJǜǘǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǏ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏ ǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǩǡǏǛǜǗǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗNJnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏƬǛǏǘǛǜNJǕǦ _
 - @GM@ ǍǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjƻǎǏǕNJǜǦǐǏǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǥǓ ǍǘnjǘǚǒǜNJnjǜǘǚcǷǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǚǝǏǜǛcǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǕǏǛǘǖǖNJǔ
ǘǔǗǘ njc ǔǚǥǢǏ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏ ǛǎǏǕNJǗǘ ǒǑ ǙǩǜǒǔNJǖǏǚǗǘǍǘ ǗǘǏǛǙǚǩǜNJǗǘǑNJǙǏǚǏǍǘǚǘǎǔNJǖǒǒǑǡǏǚǗǘǍǘǔNJǕǏǗǘǍǘ ǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǛǜǛǔǒǓǎǘǖǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǜǏǚǩǏǜǛǩnjcǛǜnjǘǕNJǟǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǎǏǚǏnjǦǏnj~
ǙǘǕǒǔNJǚNjǘǗǜNJ ǒc ǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǘ ǜǘǡǗǘ ǗNJǎ ǔǝǟǘǗǗǥǖ ǛǜǏǔǕNJǑNJǙǕNJǑǖǘǓcǷǎnjǏǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦnjǙǘǕǗǏǛǏNjǏǎǘǚǘǍǒǖ  ƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘ ǡǜǘ ƶǒǛ ǒǛǙǘnjǏǎǘnjNJǕ
ǘǛǜǚǘnjǘǖǁǜǘǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥnjǏǛǦǖNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǗǘǘǗ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǑNJǔǝǟǗǏǓcǷǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩǒcǎnjNJǛNJǗǝǑǕNJƬcǛǙNJǕǦ NJcǒǑǞNJǗǏǚǥcǷǧǜǘnjǥǑǘnjƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǞNJǗǏǚNJ ǜǝ ǐǏ ǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǨ nƶǥ ǎǘǕǐǗǥ NjǥǜǦ ǘǛǜǘǚǘǐǗǥǖǒ
ǎNJǏǜǛnjǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǛǜǘǕǗǘǒcǗNJnjǛǨǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨcǷ ǗǩǟǏǛǜǦǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǏnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǘǔǘǢǔǒǗǘǔǚǘǖǏ ǧǜNJ 941 ǝǐǏǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǘNjǥǡǗNJǩǧǜǘǗǘnjǘǏ ǡǜǘNjǥǗǏǗNJǚǝǢǒǜǦǐǒǑǗǦǙǚǒǚǘǎǥǠnjǏǜǘǖǗNJǢǒǟǎǘ
ǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǩǎǘǖǝNjǥǜǦǜNJǔǒǖǙǚǒǑǏǖǒǛǜǥǖƷǘǧǜǘǏǣǏ ǗǒǟǗǒǡǜǘǗǏǜǚǏnjǘǐǒǜǞNJǛNJǎNJcǷǜNJǔǘǍǘǐǏǖǒǗǒǖNJ ǏǏǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǏǛcǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǒǟNJǚNJǔ ǖǘnj~ ǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǒǕǕǝƾNJǚǗǛǝǘǚǜnjǥǔǚNJǛǒǕnjcNjǏǕǘǏ
ǒcǙǚǘǡǏǚǡǒnjNJǏǜǗǏǔǒǏǗǘnjǥǏǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǛnjǩ ǕǒǛǜǛǔǘǍǘǔNJǔǒcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚƫǘǕǏǏǜǘǍǘǛǜǏǗǥǒcǞNJǛNJǎNJ ǜǏǚǒǛǜǒǔNJǖǒƷǘnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘcǷǞNJǗǏǚNJǎNJǏǣǏ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcǕǏǛnjcƲǕǕǒǗǘǓǛǏǗǏǜNJǔǘǓǔNJǔnjcƹǘǎǖǘǛǔǘ
ǑǒnjǗǝǜǚǒǎǘǖNJƬǏǎǦǔNJǔǒǟǜǘǕǏǜǗNJǑNJǎǍǘǜǘnjǔNJ ǒcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJnjǥǙǘǕǗǏǗǥǒǑǘǎǗǒǟǒcǜǏǟǐǏǙNJǗǏǕǏǓǒǑ ǒcǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǥǚNJǑǖǏ njǦǏǎNJǒcǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǜNJǖǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏǛǝǚǘnjǘǓ
njǘǛǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǕNJǛǦ ǔNJǔ njǏǛǦǖNJ ǚǝǜǒǗǗǘǏ ǑNJǗǩǜǒǏ NJc ǗǏ ǔǕǏǏǗǘǓǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥcǷǞNJǗǏǚǥƾƴǜǘǕǣǒǗǘǓcǒccǖǖ ǚNJǖǒǏǏǜǒǙǘnjǘǓǗNJǚǏǑǔǒǜǘǏǛǜǦǎNJǕǦǢǏ ǎǏ ƷǏǜǘǗNJǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗNJǒcǎǘǖǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǏǗǒǖǏǗ
ǔNJǔǖǘǎǗǘǏǒcǛǕǘǐǗǘǝǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǏǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǏ ƼǘǕǦǔǘǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǘǗǒǘǔǚNJǢǏǗǥnjcǡǏǚǗǥǓǠnjǏǜ ǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷ ǢǏnjǕǏ ǗǏǔǝǎNJQMRMQYQQMRMQSVYQƴǛǜNJǜǒ ǗǘǚNJǎǒǗǏǏǗǘnjǘǜnǙNJǚǒǜ~ǘǗǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘ
ƪcǝǐnjcǎǘǖǏƾNJǚǗǛǝǘǚǜǘǗNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǑNJǎnjǒǗǝǜNJnjcǛNJ ǜǘǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǙǘǎǧNjǏǗǘnjǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǘ NJcnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷǙǘǔǚǥǜǥ ǘǎǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǥǓǚNJǛǛǔNJǑƺǘNjǏǚǜNJǂǏǔǕǒ  cǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǜNJǔNJcǡǜǘNjǥǗǏǘǔNJǑNJǜǦǛǩǙǘǎnjǘǎǘǓƲcǟǘǜǩƶǒǛǏǣǏ
ǖǝǨǝǑǔǝǨǣǏǕǦǗǏǎnjǝǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǘǜǎǏǕǏǗǗǝǨǘǜǍǘ ǛnjǏǜǕǘǚǘǑǘnjǥǖǕNJǔǘǖǙǘǎǔNJǗNJǎǛǔǒǓǔǏǎǚƯǎǒǗǛǜnjǘ ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǒǔǚNJǛǠnjǏǜNJǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖNJǗǘǒcǏǎǔNJǩǗNJǗǏǍǘ ǒcǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǏǍǘǗNJǙǚǒǍǘǚǘǔǝǐǏǡǏǚǏǑǜǚǒǍǘǎNJǙǘ
ǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǎNJǒcǍǘǜǘnjǒǜǦǟǘǑǩǓǔNJNjǥǕNJǘNjǚǏǡǏǗNJǛǙǒǗǘǓ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǎǕǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǛNJǜǒǚNJǛǝǙǚǝǍǒƮǒǚǔǒcLJǖǒǕǒǘǛnjNJǒnjNJǨǜǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǥǜǘ ǛǕǏǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǩǎǘǖǑNJǕǒǕǘǜNJǔǡǜǘnjǘǎNJǛǜǘǩǕNJǗNJ
ǔc ǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ  ƼǏǙǏǚǦ ǐǏ njǛǜNJnj ǏǎnjNJ ǗǏ njǘ ǍǕNJnjǝ ǝǍǕNJ njcǧǜǘǓǞǘǚǖǝǕǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǏǣǏǗǏǢǕNJǚǏǡǦǘcǞNJǗǏǚǏƯǨ LjǐǗǘǍǘǙǘǕǨǛNJǜǘǗǏǔǘǏǍǘNJǛǜǏǚǘǒǎNJǒcǜǏǚǙǩǜnjǛǏnjǘǑ ǙǘǕǖǏǜǚNJǗNJǎǙǘǕǘǖƪcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǏǕǏǜǚǏǡǔNJƾǘǔǛ
ǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǙǚǒǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǏǙǒǣǒǙǘǜǚǏNjǘnjNJ ǐǏǘǜǎǏǕNJǗNJǒcnjNJǗǗNJǩǔǘǖǗNJǜNJcǷǡǜǘǛǘnjǛǏǖǝǐǙǚǘǜǒnj ǖǘǐǗǥǏǕǒǢǏǗǒǩnjǙNJǟǒnjNJǨǜǙǘǡNJǛǘnjnjcǎǏǗǦǘNjǟǘǎǩǜǛǩ ǚNJǑǕǒnjNJǏǜǛǩnjǛǏǡNJǣǏnjǒǕǕǝǑNJǕǒnjNJǏǜnjǛǏǛǒǕǦǗǏǏ
ǕǘǛǏNjǏǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘnjǘǑnjǏǕǒǡǏǗǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǘǏƷNJ ǙǚNJnjǒǕƷǘƷNJǛǏǎǔǒǗǜNJǔǐǏǛǎǏǕNJǕǒcnjcǛnjǘǏǖǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ ǘNjǏǎǘǖǒǑNjǕǨǎNjNJǛǛǏǓǗǔǚǘǢǏǡǗǥǓNJcnjǒǗǘǜǏǙǕǘǏ ǒc njǕNJǛǜǒ njǛǏǚǦǏǑ ǙǘǎǝǖǥnjNJǨǜ ǙǏǚǏǗǏǛǜǒ ǎǘǖȁ ƿǘ
ǛǏǎǔǒǗ ǒc ǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǒǕ ǎǥǚǔǘǓ njc ǔǚǥǢǏ ǗǏ Ǎǘnjǘǚǩ ǝǐ ǗǘǖǎǘǖǏǒcǝNjǏǎǒǕǛǩǡǜǘǞNJǗǏǚNJǗǏnjǛǙǝǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒcǗǏ nƻǕǘǐǗǏǏnjǛǏǍǘǎǕǩNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjNJǛǘ ǚǘǢǘǡǜǘǙǘǛǏǕǔNJƼǝǡǔǘnjǘǗǏǔǘǛǗǝǕǒǛǦǏǣǏǝǐNJǛǥ
ǘcǚNJǑǖǏǚǏǛǜǘǕNJcǷcǖǏǜǚǘnj ǚNJǛǛǥǟNJǏǜǛǩǎNJǐǏǏǛǕǒnjǘǎǝǗǏnjǥǜǒǚNJǜǦ njǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjǣǒǔǘnjcǷǝǖǏǚǒǜǦǛnjǘǒǞNJǗ ǍǕǘNjNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǙǘǜǏǙǕǏǗǒǩ

270 
77.
C 
erllW{ 
 


 
URU" JURVX^J`< U"'*VRW


 
 X!UV N)RR‡. <'U~R‡. N*X*Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 
 
 "WRR‡. !)UJ <"‡UJ. ^wJ. N*X*"WRR‡. VU)!U"- *NR‡ˆ
XV' N*X*"WRR‡. U;UX "VUXW~. XV'^ V"U)U" N*X*"‰*"
   
TUX'X^*V VX^JV^X^ TNU" <X!UV*V R URU"RU* ";*Š

    _V)*R* UV NU'- R x*)*wU!*VURRU' URU"R <JURŠ
     ) Q>JSt
StT U)‰R‡' RUx' "‡V")*R R*^~ˆ UVU" wNRW<

  *'% ' !" # JXJ w J)**RU#U !X^- "<R*' '‡ R'*X*RRU ^a) UV
^JUU" UV")WW *VJ^ #*U'*VX_*J _VUˆ- "<;XUNU)‰Š
(%
RU' R;X")*R x*VJUV‰ JURVX^J` U!*;*_"*V


    
'U~RW !)J JURVX^J` ;UJX‡VW "<;U;*X*_RU'< JXŠ
JR‡* ;*X*#UXUNJ- UJR <N"*X w#UVU")*R‡ R wJw
;*`)‰RU N)W SVU#U ;XU*JV VJ x* JJ <_V‰ "VXU*RŠ
RUˆ <UVN*)‰RU VUW~*ˆ '*!*)- "R^VX*RR* V*R‡ U!aV‡
TR*XUˆ-

ɭ
ƱNJǡǜǘǖǥǕǨNjǒǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝ#ƱNJǜǏǙǕǘ ǒǑǔǕǏǏǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǘNjǢǒǜǥǓnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǓǛǘǛǗǘnjǘǓǎǘ ǎǘǖLJǎǒǜƾNJǚǗǛǝǘǚǜǡǝǜǦǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǩǜǗNJǗǘǐǔǒ ǧǜǘǜ ǎǘǖ986-937)ǙǘǎƴǕNJǓǙǏǎǘǓNjǨǚǘ+c2EXOIZMGMYW

ǒcǝǨǜǑNJǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǚǝǔǘǜnjǘǚǗǘǛǜǒǒcǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǗǘǛǜǒǑNJ ǛǔǘǓƪcǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥnjǛǏǎǏǚǐNJǕǘǛǦǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǥǘǚǒ ǐǏcǷǙNJǚǒǜƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǧǜǘǜǘǐǏǖǘǐǗǘǘNjǤǩǛǗǒǜǦǚǏǕǦǏ 4EVXRIVW  8VSNER,SYWIǙǘǎƶǏǕǦNjǝǚǗǘǖNjǨǚǘ


ǜǘǡǜǘǘǗNJNjǕǒǑǔNJǑǏǖǕǏǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ ǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǦǏnjǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ ǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǛcǑNJǣǏǖǕǏǗǒǏǖ ǞǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǒcǑNJNjǘǜǘǓǘcnnjǒǎNJǟ~ǡǜǘNJnjǜǘǚǥǒcǎǏǕNJǨǜ .EGOWSR'PIQIRXW&YVVS[W  0MXXPI&MK,SYWInjcƼNJ
ǒcnjǥǚǘǛǕNJ ƱNJǡǜǘǖǥǕǨNjǒǖǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ƹǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǘǢǏǕǘǖǕǩǏǜ nƸNjǤǏǖǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩnjǎǘǕǦǘǛǒǛǏnjǏǚcǷǨǍǽǙǘnjǒ ǛǖNJǗǒǒNjǨǚǘ6SSQc  LJǜǒǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǙNJǚǩǜǏǣǏ
ǚǝ#ƱNJǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǒcǖǘǚǏǛnjǏǜNJǑNJǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǜǏǟǗǘǕǘ ǗǏǖǏǗǦǢǏƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǗNJǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǕǏǗNJǔNJǔǖǏǛǜǘǖ Ǚǚǒ ǛNJǩǻǗNJǎǚǏǕǦǏǞǘǖcǷǙǒǢǝǜǘǗǒcǷǡǜǘǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJ NjǘǕǏǏǧǔǛǜǚǏǖNJǕǦǗǘcǷǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǘǘǜǚǥnjNJǩǛǦǘǜǜǘǡǔǒ
ǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǑNJǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǙǘǕǏǜNJƴNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ ǚǘǎNJǒcnjǒǎǥǗNJǗǏǏ ǜNJǔǒcǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓ njcǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǒ ǏǜǙǚǏǒǖǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjǒǎǘnjǥǖǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǛǜǒǔNJǖǒǗǜǏǚǦǏ ǘǙǘǚǥǍǎǏǗNJǍǎǏǗNJcǖǏǜǚǘnjƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǘǗǒǒcǖǏǗǏǏ
NJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǥǏƸǎǗNJǔǘNJnjǜǘǚNJǖǧǜǘǍǘ ǎǘǖNJǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǨǜǛǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓ ƸǎǗNJǔǘǜNJǔǘǍǘ ǚNJ~ ǗǘǧǜǘǛǗǘnjNJǕǝǔNJnjǘǏǛNJǖǘǝǗǒǡǒǐǏǗǒǏ ǒǕǒǛǕǏǎ nǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥ~ NJcnjcǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒcǖǏǜNJǕ
ǎǘǖNJǝǎNJǕǘǛǦǛǘǙǚǩǡǦǒǟǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǖǘǚǍǗǝnjǍǕNJǑǘǖ ǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjNJǛǜǏǔǕNJnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ ǜǘǓnǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǥ~ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖNJǎǕǩǙǚǘǎnjǒǐǏ ǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǔNJǚǔNJǛ ǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǐǏnǙǏǗNJǕ~ǎǘNjǒǚNJǏǜnjǘǑ
ƹǘnjǏǚǒǜǦnjcǜǘǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǏǣǏǗǏNjǥǕǘ ǙǘǔǚNJǓǗǏǓǖǏǚǏnjcǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǘ ǗǒǩǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝ ƷNJǛNJǖǘǖǐǏǎǏǕǏǧǜǘǙǘǕǗǥǓ ǎǝǢǗǘǛǜǒǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǘNjǒǕǒǩǛǜǏǔǕNJ
ǙǚǒnjǑǍǕǩǎǏǒǑǎNJǕǏǔNJǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘƯǍǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǗNJ ǗNJǕǦǗǘǖǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǒǔcǛǜǏǗǏ ƹǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘNjǘǚǏǜǛǩǑNJ ǒcǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǘǜǚǥnjǘǜǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǏǗǗǥǓ ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǙǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǧǜǘǍǘǛǜǏnjǘǓ
ǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǗǔǒǒcǕǏǍǔǒǡǜǘǘǗǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǛǘNjǚNJǗǗǥǖǒǑǖǏǜNJǕ ǛnjǏǜƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǗǘǝcǗǏǍǘǎǘǖNJǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǏǔǚǏǙǔǒǏ NJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǚǏNJǕǦǗǥǖǐǏǕǏǑǘNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǖǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǘǖ ǎǘǖ Ǜc NjNJǗǏǓ NJc ǗǏǜ ǕǝǡǢǏǍǘ ǛǙǘǛǘNjNJ njǘǛǙNJǚǒǜǦ ǡǏǖ
ɭ  - …kn–f§eoe{m }
ǕǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǔNJǚǔNJǛNJ NJcǗNJǚǝǐǗǥǏǏǍǘǚǏNjǚNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǒcnjǘnjǛǏ ǖNJǛǛǒnjǗǥǏǍǎǏǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǛǏǐǏǗǏǘǜǖǏǗǩǏǜǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǦǗǘ ¢khngfhm- "
 Ÿ‘’OŸ„i¡
ǒcǑNJǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǗǥǖǒnjcǗǏǖǔǘǗǛǘǕǩǖǒ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ ǙǘǙNJǚǒǜǦǛǩƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘNjNJǗǩcǷnjcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǍǕǝǟǘǖ
ǔNJǔǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǏǎnjǝǜNJnjǚǥƶǒǛNJnjNJǗǎǏǚƺǘǧ ƯǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗ ǛǜǒǛǚǝNjNJƪcǜǝǜǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗ~ǙǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǥǓ %  J % - ?>>H ǗǘǒcǗǏǛǝǜǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗ  ǘNjǤǏǖǏ ǙǏǚǙǏǗǎǒǔǝǕǩǚǗǘ ǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǨǣǏǖ ǔc njǥǢǏǘ
ǗǘNJnjǜǘǚǥǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǙǏǛǜǝǨǜǘNjǚNJǑǡǝǎNJǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǩ ǛcǗǘǍǎǘǍǘǕǘnjǥǘǎǗǘǑǗNJǡǗǘǘǜǛǥǕNJǨǣǒǓǔcǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǖ LJǜǒǘǙǘǚǥcǷǜǘǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏnǙǘǡ ǙǒǛNJǗǗǘǖǝ ǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǖǝ ǡǜǘ ǒc ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘ ǒc ǔǚNJǛǒnjǘ
ǧǜǝǒǕǕǨǑǒǨǏǣǏǒcǡǏǚǗǥǖǠnjǏǜǘǖ ǟǘǜǩǒcǝnjǏǚǩǨǜǡǜǘ nǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǖ~ǎǘǖNJǖƶǒǛNJǒcƾǒǕǒǙNJƮǐǘǗǛǘǗNJ ǜǒ~ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǡǝǜǦǎǏǖǒǛǜǒǞǒǠǒǚǝǏǜnjǛǨǧǜǝnjǘǕǢǏNj ƲǑNjNJǗǒǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǓǜǒǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǒcǗǥǚǗǝǜǦnjcǔǝǙǏǕǦ
nǡǏǚǗǥǓNjǥǕnjǥNjǚNJǗǔNJǔǛNJǖǥǓNJNjǛǜǚNJǔǜǗǥǓǒcǒǗǎǒǞǞǏ ƸǎǗNJǔǘǜǏǑǎNJǗǒǩcǷǙǚǒnjǛǏǓǒǟnjǘǑ ǗǝǨǒǕǕǨǑǒǨƸNjǚNJǑnǙNJǚǩǣǏǍǘǙǏǗNJǕNJ~ǘǡǏǗǦǙǘ NJcǖǘǐǗǘǛǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǛǩǙǘǢǒǚǘǔǘǓǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǏǒcǎǘNjǏǐNJǜǦ
ǚǏǗǜǗǥǓǠnjǏǜ~ ƬcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǐǏǧǜǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǔNJǚǔNJǛ ǎǝǢǗǘǛǜǒcǷǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǘǩǜǗNJǑǏǖǕǏ ǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǖǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓ ǙǝǕǩǚǏǗǛǏǍǘǎǗǩnjcǖǒǚǘnjǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǎǘǙǚǝǎNJ

272 
78.
* 
 
W<R* wR] _VU JwV‰< JXVJ "* Jw)‹
<"UV- 'U* #)"RU*- NUJ< ?<J^!F


 
  5  @M<>>><X^!)*ˆ- ^V*;)V*)‰< @Q<>>><X^! )*ˆ-
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

3 
 (0 ;)V‡ „i£< @><>>><X^!)*ˆ- UJR< ?<UJR ;U IM>>< X^! )*ˆ-
N"*X‰< IM>> X^!)*ˆ- ;)*RJ I<X^)UR< AM>><X^!)*ˆ-
  
 
X!UV< A> >>> X^!)*ˆ- #"UwN JX*;*x JXJ<
  ' !" # ?M<>>><X^!)*ˆ- "UNUVUJCx*)*wU< @M >>> X^!)*ˆ-
(% VU#UF @IQ >>> X^!)*ˆ-

 
 

ɭ
ɭ ;
 . S- ‘hff
‘h{g– ƒs{mf <.

R
 B- ?>>G

ɮ V  J-
J
  <(;
  +-
2008

nƱNJǎNJǡNJǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǗNJǩƺǘǖNJǗǘǖ ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǘǖ ǑNJǔǕǨǡNJ


ǕNJǛǦnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘNjǥǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǍǘǛǜǏnjǘǓǎǘǖ
ǘNjǣǏǓǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǨǔnjǖ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJnjǚǏǖǩǛǜǚǘǒ
ǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘ
njNJǜǦnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏNjǥǜǘnjǔǒǎǕǩǚNJNjǘǡǒǟƮǘǖǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕ ǑNJǜǚǝǎǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘnnjǗǏǙNJǚǜǒǓǗǘǏ~ǍǘnjǘǚǏǗǒǏǘcǎǏǚǏnjǏ
ǛǜǘǒǜǦǖǏǗǦǢǏǚǝNjǕǏǓǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒcǙǘ NJcǝǐǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǨǖǘǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǕǒǢǏǗǗǘǏǔNJǔǔǚǒ
ǛǜǚǘǏǗnjcǜǏǡǏǗǒǏǎnjǝǟǗǏǎǏǕǦǒcǒǖǏǜǦǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓNJǚ ǜǒǔǒǜNJǔǒcǙNJǜǚǒǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǧǔǛǜNJǑNJ ƷǘǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǏǜǔNJcǷǑǎǏǛǦ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓǘNjǕǒǔǜNJǔǔNJǔǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǗNJǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘ ƲǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnǎǚǘnjǗǒǠNJ~ǝǗǒǔNJǕǦ ǏǛǜǦnjǛǏǡǏǖǍǘǚǎǒǜǛǩǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ
ǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǒǝǡNJǛǜǔNJȁ~ ǗNJcǷǙǚǒǏǏǔNJǐǝǣǏǓǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǏƷǘnjcǜǘǖǒcǛǏǔǚǏǜ ǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǕǘǔNJǕǦǗǥǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥ
ƬǎǒǛǔǝǚǛǏǘcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǡǜǘƴǏǚǒǖǘnjǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǛcNjNJǑǘnjǥǖǒNJǚǟǏǜǒǙNJǖǒƻǒǕǝǧǜ ǖǏǛǜǗNJǩǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩnjǜǘǚǒǡǗǘǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǝǜǒǕǒ
ǚǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǙǘǗǩǜǒǏnǨǖǘǚ~ƲǚǘǗǒǒ nǎǚǘnjǗǒǠǥ~cǷǧǜǘǚǘnjǗǘǜǘǡǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǏǜǕǨNjǘǓǚǏNjǏ ǑǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǦǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǦƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǞNJǛNJǎǗǏ
ǒcǛNJǚǔNJǑǖNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǟǘǡǏǢǦǙNJǞǘǛNJǜǘǐǏǖǗǘǍǘ ǡǏǓ ǗǘǔnjcǘǜnjǏǜǗNJǙǚǘǛǦNjǝnǗNJǚǒǛǝǓǎǘǖǒǔ~ƪcǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǖǥǓǘǗǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǘ
ǒǑNjǥǜǘǔǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǙǘǚǘǐǎNJǏǜǒǚǘǗǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǚǏ ǛǒǕǝǧǜNJcǷǘNjǥǡǗNJǩǙǘǕǏǗǗǒǠNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǞǘǗǘǖǙǚǘǟǘ ǎNJǏǣǏǒcǛNJǖǥǖǙNJǚǜǒǠǒǙNJǜǘǚǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖcǷǛcǝǡNJǛǜǒ
NJǔǠǒǨ ƷǘǒcǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǐǎǏǗǒǏǙNJǞǘǛNJǙǘǗǩǜǗǘnjcƻǘ ǎǒǜnjǘnjǛǩǔǘǓǛǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒƷǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǧǜǒ ǏǖǖǏǛǜǗǥǟǐǒǜǏǕǏǓNJcǜǘǡǗǏǏǘǎǗǘǍǘǜǘNjǒǢǦǟǘǑǩǒ
njǏǜǛǔǘǖƻǘǨǑǏǎǏǚǏnjǘǜǚǏǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǘǛǦǒcǑNJNjǥnjNJǕǘǛǦ ǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏnjǏǣǒǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǡǜǘǒcǚǘǐǎNJǏǜ ǗNJƲcǧǜǘǝǐǏǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǒǏǗǏnjǒǑǝNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑNJ
njcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǘǔNJǑNJnjǢǒǛǦnjcǗǏnjǘǕǦǗǘǓǘǙǙǘǑǒǠǒǒnjǛǏǖǝ ǧǞǞǏǔǜǨǖǘǚǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘƼǝǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǚǏnjǗNJǕǏǐNJǜ NJcǛNJǖǘǍǘNJǚǟǏǜǒǙNJǜNJnǜǏǙǕǘǜNJ~ǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǖǥǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘ
ǘNjǣǏǖǒǚǘnjǘǖǝǒcǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǘǖǝcǷǔǘǛǖǘǛǝǙǕNJǛǜǒ ǙǏǚǙǏǗǎǒǔǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǏǗǏǜǝǜǏǣǏǒcǛǔǘǛǘNjǘǡǏǗǗNJǩǔǚǥǢNJ ǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǖǙǚǒǩǜǗǘǛǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩ
ǔǝǎǐNJǑǝǒcǜcǎƴǘǍǎNJǐǏǙǘǎǛǙǝǎǗNJǩNjǘǚǦNjNJǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǦ njǙǘǕǗǏǜǏǔǜǘǗǒǡǗǘnǝǙNJnjǢNJǩ~ǜǝǎNJǍǎǏNjǚǏnjǗNJǖǏǗǦ ǜǏǙǕǘǖcǷǞNJǛNJǎǎǘǖNJǙǕNJnjǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǘǍǘǗǦ
ǝǐǏǛcǘNjǣǏǖǒǚǘnjǥǖǒǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǩǖǒǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷǛǗǘnjNJǗǏ ǢǏǍǘǎǒNJǖǏǜǚNJ ǒcǐǏǛǜǔNJǩǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǛǏǜǔNJǙǘǕǘǔ ǙǏǡǒƲǛǔǝǙNJǩǜǏǖǛNJǖǥǖǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǔǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnj
njǘǕǦǗǘcǷǙǏǚǏǙǘǕǗǒǕǘǛǦǙNJǞǘǛǗǥǖǒǛǖǥǛǕNJǖǒnǛNJ ǟǘǜǒǜǏcǷǖǘǗǎǚǒNJǗǘnjǛǔNJǩǟǘǜǒǜǏcǷǎǏǔNJǚǜǘnjǛǔNJǩ ǔǘ ǗǘǛǜǒǔNJǔǘnjǘǓNJǚǍǝǖǏǗǜǕǏǐǒǜǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǘǓ
ǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǍǘ~ǒcnǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ~ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǜNJǔ ǜǘǚNJǩǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǒǚǝǏǜnjǛǏǧǜǘǙǚǒǚǘǎǗǘǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǏǖǏǛǒnjǘ ǡNJǢǏnjǏǛǘnjnjcǚNJǑǍǘnjǘǚǏǘcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ

274 
79.
Q   .

"<SVU' U!Ž*JV* U'‡)*R* X^! JJ URU"‡ N)W 'UN*XRVJUˆ X.V*JV^X‡ "‡Xx*Š
RU ;Ux)^ˆ 'J')‰R‡' U!XwU'- w^_W *#U ;UR'*a‰ _VU 'UN*XRVJ* TUX'‡

 
 
  N*ˆV"V*)‰RU ;U)RUV‰] UX#R_R‡ X._RU'^ X^!^< <!*)U^U" R* VU)‰JU "‡W")WŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


  
 *V SVU RU <wU!X*V*V 'RUx*V"U ;X*'U" <N*V)*ˆ JUVUX‡* R* ;XUV"UX*_ 'V*XŠ
)^ NU"*Xa]V U"X*'*RR‡ˆ U!Xw ;UVXUˆJ- UNR w R.< R*"*U'UV‰- JX‡a ;XV
     

 

RN V*R' !)J ;XWV RN VUˆJ' JUVUX‡* "<"U] U_*X*N‰ ;XWV RN w*')*ˆ- SV
  (0' !" # )*#JUV‰ <RVV*JVUR_RUV‰ VJ x* JJ <;XUwX_RUV‰< "U*U!XwRW O“©¡ OZ¡ "VUX
(% VU *V‰ N*W 'U`*RRW R*^~W R*Jˆ SJwV*R`)‰R‡ˆ '‡) <R* ;XUVU ;UU!

 
 3  N*)V‰ "U] X.V*JV^X^ JV^)‰RUˆ- E
 B !  B- *
 F ‘q‘˜O… ?>@=

ɭ ɮ
ƷǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǓNJcǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǝǑǔǒǓǝǡNJǛǜǘǔnjǛǏǍǎNJǙǚǏǎ ǒcǚNJǑNjǒǚNJǏǜǗNJǑNJǙǡNJǛǜǒƼNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǍǘ ƲcǚNJǛǙǕNJǛǜNJǗǎǘǖǔNJǔnjǒǕǕǥƺNJǓǜNJǒcǔǚǥǢǒǜNJǔ
ǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǎǕǩǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƱNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜ ǛǜǏnjǥǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒcǷǧǜǘǎnjNJǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǟ ǐǏǔNJǔǝcǗǒǟǎNJǕǏǔǘnjǥǕǏǜNJǨǜǒcǛǜǏǗǥǛǙNJǕǏǗ
ǝǚǏǑNJǜǦǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǐNJǜǦǛǩǔcǑNJNjǘǚǝǍǚǘǖǘǑǎǒǜǦǧǜNJǐǒ ǘNjǤǏǖNJ ǙǚNJnjǎNJǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǗǥǟǗNJnjǏǛǘǖǛcǘǛ ǙǚǘǜǩǗǝǕǒǛǦǡǝǜǦǎNJǕǦǢǏǙǘǖǘǛǜNJǒcǑNJnjǒǛǕǒnjcnjǘǑ
ƲcnjǛǏǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥnǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǙǘNjǘǕǦǢǏǙǚǒǚǘǎǥ~ ǗǘnjǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǦǨ ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjcǘNjǣǏǓǔǘǖǙǘ ǎǝǟǏcǷǔNJǔǘǗǕǨNjǒǕnjǥǎnjǒǍNJǜǦǗǏǛǝǣǒǏNjNJǕǔǒcǷ
ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǘǜǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǛǝǏǜǒǜǦǛǩǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǙǘnjǘǎǝcǷ ǑǒǠǒǒǘǗǒnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜnjǥǍǕǩǎǏǜǦ ǒcǜǏǖNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǘNjǏǍNJǨǣǏǓǎǘǖǙǘǔǚǝǍǝcǷnjǛǏ
ǒcǖNJǕǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǎǘǖǙǘǙǏǚǏǔǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǙǚNJǔǜǒ ǔNJǔǞǕǒǍǏǕǒƫǘǕǏǏǜǘǍǘnjcǧǜǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒ ǧǜǘǜǝǜǏǛǜǦƲcǧǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘƺNJǓǜ
ǡǏǛǔǒnjǚNJǛǙǘǚǜNJǔǏǣǏǒcǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǒǖǎnjǏǜǚǏǜǒǜǏǚ ǘǗǒǑnjǝǡNJǜǎNJǐǏǔNJǔǙǚǘǙǒǕǏǒcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖ ǔNJǔǗǒǔǜǘǎǚǝǍǘǓNjǥǕǛnjǩǑǝǨǣǒǖǑnjǏǗǘǖǖǏǐ
ǚǒǜǘǚǒǒƹǚNJnjǎNJǎǘǖǧǜǘǜǗǏǛǘnjǛǏǖnǎǘǖ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦ ǒcǎnjǘǚǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǗNJǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǘǖ ǎǝǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓ<-<cnjǏǔNJǒcǗǘnjNJ
ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǗǜNJǔǘnjǥǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǔǘǚǙǝǛnjcǠǏǗǜǚǏ njǘǑnjǥǢǏǗǒǒǙǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǨǔcǝǡNJǛǜǔǝƹNJ ǜǘǚǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓnjǏǔNJ<<ƪcǑNJǙǚǘǛǗNJǜNJǔǘǓ
ǎnjNJǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǡǗǥǟǞǕǒǍǏǕǩǙǘNjǘǔNJǖcǷǗǏǎǘǖǝǛNJǎǦ ǚNJǎǗǥǏǙǚǘǙǒǕǏǒǗNJǑNJǎǗǏǖǎnjǘǚǏcǷǛǨ ɭ Tv )  X- ǖǘǣǗǥǏnjǥǗǘǛǥǔǚǥǢǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǟǛǙNJǕǏǗǚNJǑnjǒǜǥǓNJǗ ǑǎǘǚǘnjǥǓǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǒǛǛnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǘǡǏǗǦǘǣǝǜǒǖ
NjNJƷǘǙǚǒNjǕǒǐNJǓǢǏǖǚNJǛǛǖǘǜǚǏǗǒǒnjǥǩǛǗǩǏǜǛǩǡǜǘ ǐǏǜǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǓǗǘnjǏǎǦǒcNjNJǚǛǔNJǩ N  )  ; % ǜNJNjǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJǙǒǕǩǛǜǚǥǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨ ǗǘǛǕNJNjǘǚǏNJǕǒǑǝǏǖ
ǧǜǘǗNJNjǘǚǘNjǤǏǖǘnjǛǘNjǚNJǗǗǥǟnjǘǔǚǝǍǎnjǘǚǒǔNJƼNJǔǘǓ ǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǗǏǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǕNJǛǦ < 

 a- @GA@ ǣǒǏǜǘǚǠǥNjǚǏnjǏǗȁƷǘǜǝǜǏǛǜǦǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǥǓǖǘǖǏǗǜ ƲǜǝǜǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǡǜǘƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǛǘǏǎǒ


ǎnjǘǚǖǘǍNjǥNjǥǜǦǗNJǑnjNJǗǔǚNJǛǒnjǥǖǛǕǘnjǘǖnǙNJǜǒǘ~ nǙǘǔǘǏǖ~ǔcǝǕǒǠǏNJcnjǙǘǕǗǏǖǘǍǕNJǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǜǦ ɮ ’ssr@@- N  <  ǙǒǕǩǛǜǚǥǙǘǗNJǎǘNjǒǕǒǛǦƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǝǡǜǘNjǥǛǔǚǥǜǦǙǏ ǗǩǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjNJnjǏǔǜǘǚNJǗǘǒcǎnjNJǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǟǛǨǐǏǜNJ
ǗǘǘǗnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǜǡNJǓǗǏƲǜNJǕǒǩƱNJǜǏǖnjǗǝ njcǛnjǘǒǘNjǤǩǜǒǩǒcǟǘǑǩǓǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎnjǘǚƮǚǝ X
  
- ?>>G ǚǏǚǝNjǥƼǝǜǘǗǒǙǚǒǔǚǥǜǥǍǎǏǜǘǝǜǘǙǕǏǗǥnjcǜǘǕǣǝ njǗǝǜǚǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓcǷǎǘǖǚǝNjǕǏǗǥǓ Ǜǡǒ
ǜǚǒnǎnjǘǚǒǔNJ~ǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǨǜǛǩǔǝǟǗǩNjNJǚǗNJǩǛǜǘǓǔNJ ǍǘǏǎǏǕǘǡǜǘǜNJǔǜǘǚǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘǗǗǒǔǘǍǎNJ ǛǜǏǗǥǍǎǏǜǘnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǨǜǒǑǗǏǏǗNJǎnjNJǙNJǕǦǠNJǔNJǔǛǝ ǜNJǨǣǒǓǛǩNjǘǕǏǏǔǘǗǛǏǚnjNJǜǒnjǗǥǖnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǘǖ ǒcǎǘǖ
ǘNjǏǎǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕǔǚǏǛǕNJǔNJǖǒǗcǷǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǗǏǘǞǘǚǖǕǩǕǛǩǗǘnjǑNJǒǖǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǎǘǖNJ ǟNJǚǒǔǒƹǚǩǡǏǜǐǏǙǏǚǏǚǝNjǥNJnjǜǘǚǡǜǘNjǥǕǒǢǗǒǓǚNJǑ ǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǥǓ NjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǓ ƸNjǏǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔǒǛǘ
ǙǘǕǗǘǠǏǗǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǘǗNJǐǏǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ ǒcǝǕǒǠǥnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǏǎǏǛǩǜǒǕǏǜǒǏǙǘǖǏǗǩ ǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜǦǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦnjǛǏǍǘǎǘǖNJcǷǒcǜǝǜǘǔNJ ǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǒcNjNJǗǨǚǝNjǕǏ
ǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǏǏǛǕǘnjǘǖnǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏ~ǩǑǥǔǜǘǐǏǗǏǙǘnjǘ ǕǒǛǦǒcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǞNJǛNJǎǘǖǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǘNjǥǡǗǘ ǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǡǜǘnjcǜǘǓǐǏǛǜǏǙǏǗǒnjcǔNJǔǘǓǘǗǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦ ǗǥǏNJcǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒnjǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǔNJǚǔNJǛnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǛnjǘǨ
ǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǔǚǥǢNJǏǏǘǜǘǚnjNJǗNJǘǜǛǜǏǗǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǔNJǔǚNJǑǎnjǘǚǘnjǥǓ ǘǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǒǑǘnjNJǗǔNJǔnǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ~ǘǗǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜ ǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǑNJǔǕǨǡǏǗǥǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǏǛǜǏǔǕNJǘǍǚNJǐǎNJǨǣǒǏ
ǖǒǙǚǘǏǖNJǖǒǙǘnjǛǏǖǝǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝǙǘǕǏǏǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǏǜ ƺNJǑNjǚNJǛǥnjNJǩǎǏǜNJǕǒǙǘǝǡNJǛ ǛǩǒcnǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖ~ƲcǔǚǥǢNJǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǘǜǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǛǜǏǗǝcǧǜǘǓǠǏǗǜǚNJǕǦ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǙNJǕǝNjǘǓǗNJǚǝǐǝǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦnjcǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ ǜǔǝ NjNJǗǩǝǕǏǜNJǏǜnjcǛNJǖǥǓǎNJǕǦǗǒǓǝǍǘǕ ƫǏ ǒcǙNJǚǒǜǒcǛǜǏǗNJǏǏNjǏǛǜǏǕǏǛǗǘǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗNJǒcǘǔǗNJnjcǙǘǕ ǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǒǗǏǜǜǘǏǛǜǦǒcnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǜǏNjǩǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘǚǘǗ
NJcǛcǝǡNJǛǜǔǘǖǏǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǏǜǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩǐǏǛǜǏǗNJ ǕǘǝǛǘnjǗǒǗNJǛǏǔǝǗǎǝǗǏǑNJNjǥnjNJǏǜǘcǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒǔǘǜǘ ǗǏǘǜǕǒǡǒǖǥǘǜǎnjǏǚǏǓȁ ǘǔǚǝǐNJǏǜǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǏǜǏǙǕǘǏNjǚǏnjǗǘƲcǧǜNJǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦ
ƼǘǏǛǜǦǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǩǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǝǨǙǕNJǗǒ ǚNJǩǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǩ ƷǘǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǩǛǡǏǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖ ǗNJǩǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǩǖǏǐǎǝǙNJǚNJǎǗǘǛǜǦǨǒcǝǨǜǘǖcǷǏǣǏǘǎǒǗ
ǚǘnjǔǝǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǘǔǚǝǍǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓ ǙǚǘǙǒǕǏǒǙNJǚNJǎǗǥǓnjǟǘǎǛcǙǘǎǤǏǖǘǖǎnjǘǚǔNJǔǠǏǗǜǚ ǜǏǖNJǖnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏNjǥǛǜǚǘǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǢǦǝcǗǒǟǘNj ǒǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏǛNJǖǥǓǍǕNJnjǗǥǓ ǔǘǖǙǚǘǖǒǛǛǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǜǝǜ
ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjǚNJǛǜnjǘǚǩǏǜǏǍǘnjcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏ ƪcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǥǏǎǏǜNJǕǒǜǘǕǦǔǘǝǔǚǏǙǕǩǨǜǧǜǘnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏ ǣǒǓǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔcǷNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝƾǚǧǗǔNJƵǕǘǓǎNJƺNJǓǜNJ ǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǕǏǗ

276 
Q
 

ɭ
80. ɭ ' 
 N$
  
&   & 
Nv
 'J
- _  #)"RU* _VU UV)_*V SV^ JURVX^JŠ
 
 <. P%
  `]< NU!XUVRUV‰ <"‡UJU* JŠ
a- ?>>H


 
 

  _*V"U "‡;U)R*RW "*. S)*'*RŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
&   &  VU"- JXJRW V*.RU)U#W VXUV*)‰V" ;Uw"U))
N*)V‰ ;XU*JV SJURU'_R‡' <!‡VXU"Uw"UN'‡'- Š
   ) 
;U)‰wU"R* U"X*'*RR‡. V*;)UwU)W`URR‡. 'V*XŠ
  %4 4 !" # * % !" # )U" ;Uw"U)W*V ;XU#X*V‰ "*‰ U!Ž*' w N" _ <UV)_RU
(% U.XRW*V V*;)U "<V*_*R* NU)#U#U "X*'*R- N*X*"WRR‡*

 
&   &  ;U"*X.RUV V*R U!X!UVR‡ VURXU"U_R‡' ;UJX‡V*'
JUVUXU* ;Xw"RU ;UN_*XJR^V‰ ;*X"UwNRR^] JXUV^ RŠ
V^X)‰RU#U N*X*"- "‡UJˆ T^RN'*RV R "RVU"‡. "W.
;X*NU.XRW*V UV Xw'‡VW #X^RVU"‡' "UN' UV _*#U ;U
"*R* VXN]V 'RU#* xV*) ;UN'UJU"‰W-

ǙǘǎǛnjǏǡǏǗǥcǷNjNJǗǨǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǒǗǩǜǦǒcǑNJǡNJǛǘnjǗǨ ǙǚNJnj
ǎNJǙǚǘǜǏǛǜNJǗǜǛǔǝǨ 
ƫNJǗǩǡNJǛǜǘNjǥǕNJǙǏǚnjǥǖǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǖ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏcǷǚNJǗǦǢǏǐǒǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ
ƼǝǜǙǚNJnjǎNJǎǘǖǝǐǏNjǥǕǗǘǙǚǘǐǒnjNJǕǒnjcǗǏǖǗǏǙǘ
ǛǜǘǩǗǗǘNJcǡǜǘNjǥǘǜǘǙǒǜǦǏǍǘǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǕǒǛǦǛǝǜǔǒƹǘ
ǧǜǘǖǝNJǕǦǜǏǚǗNJǜǒnjǘǓǏǖǝcǷǎǕǩǔǚNJǜǔǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ
ǙǚǏNjǥnjNJǗǒǩnjcǑǒǖǗǒǓǙǏǚǒǘǎcǷǒcǛǜNJǕNJNjNJǗǩƴǘǜǘǚNJǩ
ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǍǚǏnjNJǏǜǛǩǑNJǎnjNJǡNJǛNJǗǘǒcǛcǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǦǨ
njNjǒǚNJǏǜnjcǛǏNjǩnjǛǏǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǥǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖ
ǧǜNJǐǏǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǕNJǛǦǛǙNJǕǦǗǩnjǗǒǑǝcǷǎnjǝǛnjǏǜǗNJǩǍǘ
ǛǜǒǗNJǩǛcǙǏǡǦǨǔNJǖǒǗǘǖƸǜǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǍǘǏǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩ
ǘǜǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǎNJNjǥǒǑNjǏǐNJǜǦǜǏǙǕǘǙǘǜǏǚǦǗǘǜǚǒǘǔǗNJ
njcǙǘǕǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǨǜǖǘǚǏǛnjǏǜNJ
ƸǔǗNJ ǘǗǒǐǏǎnjǏǚǒ njǥnjǘǎǩǜǗNJǜǏǚ
ǚNJǛǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǚǘnjǗǘǗNJǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǝǑNJNjǚNJǗNJǚǏǓǔǘǓcǷǎǕǩ
ƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǧǜǘǜǛNJǎǘnjǘǘǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǓǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛ ǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǩǜǏǗǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏNjǏǑnjǏǔǘnjǥǟǎǏ
ǙǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǒcnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗ ǚǏnjǦǏnjNjǥǕǘǗǏǖǗǘǍǘLJǜǘǜǐǏǙǚǒǏǖ ǡNJǛǜǘǔǘǕǚǏǓǔǒ
ǗǘǏǏǍǘǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǒǍǚǏǎǐǏǗǍNJǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǗǗǘǓ ǗNJnjǛǨnjǥǛǘǜǝǞNJǛNJǎNJ ǚNJǛǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǩǏǜǛǩǒcǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǓ
NjǚǒǜNJǗǔǘǓƵǏǛǕǒƻǔǘǜǜnjccǍǘǎǝƬcǎǐǏǗǍǏǗNJǎǘnjǥ ǘNjǤǏǖ ǛNJǚNJǓǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔcǜǘǖǝǐǏǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ
ǗǒǖNJǜǦǒǑNjNJǢǗǒǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjNJNjǚǝǛǘǡǏǔǑNJNjǚǝǛǘǡǔǘǖ ǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǙǘǎǘNjǒǏǖǙǏǚnjǘǍǘƪcǘNjǚǏǢǏǜǔNJǙǚǘ
NJcǙǘǜǘǖǛǗǘnjNJǔǕNJǛǜǦǒǟǗNJnjǏǚǟƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǖǥnjǒǎǒǖNJNj ǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǒcǗNJNjǘǔǘnjǥǟǞNJǛNJǎNJǟǎNJǚǩǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǖǒǜǏ
ǛǘǕǨǜǗǘNJǚǟǏǜǒǙǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǝǨǜǗǥǓǎǘǖǒǔǛcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǘǓ ǗǩǖǒƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǡǜǘǝcǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǘNjǣNJǩǔǚǥǢNJǛcǎǘǖǘǖ
ǔǚǘnjǕǏǓǛcǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǗǩǕǒǞNJǛNJǎƷǘǙǘǜǘǖ ǧǜǘǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǙǚǒǩǜǗǝǨǠǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦnjǛǏǓǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒǔǘ
ǡNJǛǜǒǡǗǘǙǚǒǔǚǥǕǒǐǏǚǎǘǡǔNJǖǒƱNJǜǏǖnjǥǚǏǑNJǕǒǔǝ ǜǘǚNJǩǏǣǏǒcǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘnjǒǎǘǒǑǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩnjcǛǝǖǏǚǔǒ
ǛǘǔǙǘǎǜǏǚǚNJǛǝƷǘǒcǏǍǘǙǏǚǏǔǚǥǕǒǔǚǥǢǏǓƪcǙǘǜǘǖ ƹǚǒnjǛǏǓǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǛǜǒǛǒǕǝǧǜǘnjnjǥ
ǏǣǏǒcǛNjǘǔǝnjǥǗǝǕǒǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜƷǘnjǛǏǛǜǘǒǜcǷNJcnjcǛǘ ǍǕǩǎǒǜǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǘǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǎnjNJǙǘǎǘNj
ǡǏǜNJǗǒǒNJǚǟǏǜǒǙNJǒcǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖNJǠǒǒnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜnjǏǛǦǖNJ Ǘǥǟ ǗǘǗǏǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǟ ǘNjǤǏǖNJǛǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǙǘǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǨ
ǐǒnjǘǓǒcǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜ ǎǚǝǍǔcǎǚǝǍǝǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǨǞNJǛNJǎNJNjNJǗǒǚNJǑǚǝǢNJǏǜǙǚǘǟǘǎ
ƷNJǛNJǖǘǖǐǏǎǏǕǏǧǜNJǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǗNJǡǒ ǔcǔǝǙǏǕǒNJcǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǓNjǏǕǥǓǠnjǏǜǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ njcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏ
ǗNJǕNJǛǦǔNJǔǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǏNjNJǗǒǒcǛNJǚNJǩǎǕǩǛNJǎǘnjǘǍǘ ǛcǛǏǚǥǖNJǗǜǚNJǠǒǜǘǖǔǚǥǢǒ ǎǏǕNJǏǜǏǏǙǘǟǘǐǒǖǗNJǑNJǕ
ǒǗnjǏǗǜNJǚǩƷǘNjNJǗǩNjǥǛǜǚǘǛǜNJǕNJǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǜǦǛǩnjcǗǏ ǖǝǑǏǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ ǍǎǏǛNJǖǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǘNjǗNJ
ǡǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǏǏƮNJǒcǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘnjǏǎǦnNjNJǗǩǎǕǩǚǝǛ ǐǏǗǗǥǖǜǏǕNJǖ ƴǛǜNJǜǒǛNJǖNJǙNJǚǗNJǩǜǘǐǏǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘ
ǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJcǷǔNJǔnjǘnjǚǏǖǩǛǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǕǒNJnjǜǘǚǥcǷ ǛnjǏǜǕNJǩNJcǏǣǏǒcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗNJǩ ǟǘǜǩǔNJ
ǧǜǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǘǖǥǜǦǛǩǧǜǘǘNjǚNJǑǐǒǑǗǒǘǡǒǣǏǗǒǏ ǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǡǜǘǜǝǜǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǜǦ# ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcǧǜNJǍǏ
ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǜǏǕNJǗǘǒcǎǝǢǒǘǛǘNjǘǏǖǏǛǜǘǛǒǕǥ~ƷǏǎNJ ǘǖǏǜǚǒǩcǷǗǏǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǐǏǛǜNJcǘǜnjǏǜǗNJǜǚNJǙǏǠǒ
ǚǘǖǛcǞNJǛNJǎNJcǷǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘnjǏǡǏǚǘǖǔǘǍǎNJǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǏnjǒǎǗǘǛǜǦǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǔcǑNJNjǘǚǝǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǘǗNJǙǚǒǖǥǔNJǏǜ

278 
81.
*


 
  
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   


     


 
  %6 !" #
(4

    
 3 

ɭ V  J-
 B  
< R - ?>>=
ɭ

LJǜǘǛǔǚǘǖǗǘǏǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǛǜǚǘǒǕǘǛǦǎǘǕǍǘǁǜǘǗǒǔNJǔ ǗǏǎnjǝǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǒcǔǚNJǛǒnjǘ ǛǜNJǕǘǩǛǗǘǡǜǘǛǜǏǔǕǩǗ


ǗǏǙǘnjǕǒǩǕǘǗNJǏǍǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘ ǡǜǘǡNJǛǜǘNjǥnjNJǏǜ ǗǘǗǏ ǗǥǓnjǏǚǟǗǏNjǝǎǏǜǝǐǏǜNJǔǧǞǞǏǔǜǏǗǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǒcnjǜǘǚǘǓ
ǖǗǘǍǘǛǔǘǚǚǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǘǏǍǘnjǘǛǙǚǒǩǜǒǏƻǏǍǘǎǗǩǘǗǘ ǧǜNJǐǚǏǢǒǕǒǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǑǜǏǟǐǏǙǏǗǘNjǕǘǔǘnj
ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǖǘǎǗǥǖǁǏǚǗǥǓǠnjǏǜǏǣǏǗǏǛǜNJǕ nƼNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǗǒǡǏǍǘǘǜǙǏǚnjǘǗNJ
ǘNjǥǎǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǨǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǗǘǏǍǘ ǡNJǕǦǗǘǓǒǎǏǒǗǏǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦǒcǗǝǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǜǦǡǜǘ
ǎNJnjǗǘǝǐǏnǗǘǛǩǜ~ƺNJnjǗǘǔNJǔǒcǛǔǘǢǏǗǗǥǓnjcǎnjǝǟǗNJ ǜǘǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏ~ƼǘǍǎNJNJnjǜǘǚǚǏǢǒǕǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǔǘǗǏǔǔǚǥǢǒ
ǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǟǔǘǗǏǔǔǚǥǢǒcǷǔNJǔǘnjǘǓǙǚǒǏǖnjǙǏǚnjǥǏ ǗǏǙǘǘǛǒǔNJǔǘNjǥǡǗǘNJcǑǒǍǑNJǍǘǖƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǏǚǜǒ
ǙǚǒǖǏǗǒǕƻǏǚǍǏǓƻǔǝǚNJǜǘnjǛǜǚǘǩǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖnjcƼǏǛ ǔNJǕǦǗNJǩǘǜǖǏǜǔNJǔǚǥǢǒǗǏǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩcǷǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘ
ǛǒǗǛǔǘǖǙǏǚǏǝǕǔǏ nƪǚǜƿNJǝǛ~ ƼNJǖǐǏǖǘǐǗǘ ǎǘǖǍǘǚNjNJǜǥǓǡǜǘǝǍǕǥǔǘǗǦǔNJǗNJǚNJǑǗǘǓnjǥǛǘǜǏƹǚǒǏǖ
ǝnjǒǎǏǜǦǒcǘǔǗNJnnjǚNJǑNjǏǐǔǝ~cǷǚNJǑǗǘǍǘǞǘǚǖNJǜNJǒcǗNJ ǙǚǒǎNJǕǎǘǖǝǎǒǗNJǖǒǔǝǎNJǐǏNJǍǚǏǛǛǒǨǘǗnǛǜNJǕǙǘǟǘǐ
ǚNJǑǗǥǟǚNJǛǛǜǘǩǗǒǩǟǎǚǝǍǘǜǎǚǝǍNJ ǗNJǛNJǖǘǕǏǜǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǔǝƻǜǏǕǛ~NJcnjǗǝǜǚǒǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ
ƬǛǏǧǜǘǏǛǜǦǒcnjcNjNJǗǏǗǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏ ǛǜNJǕǘǘǛǜǚǥǖǒcnjǥǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖƹǚNJnjǎNJǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǦ
ǘǗNJǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖǍǕNJnjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǎnjǘǩǔǘǓǔǚǒnjǒǑǗǥǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǘǓnjcǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒ
ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJ ǒcǑNJǎǝǖNJǗNJNjǥǕNJnjǖǏ ǛǘǛǏǎǒnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƼǘǜNJǗnǑnjǘǗǒǕǒǒcǝnjǏǚǩǕǒǗNJǛǡǜǘ
ǛǜǏǛcǗǒǖƮǘǖǐǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǝǐǏ ǗNJǢǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǒǎǏǕNJǨǜǔǚǒnjǝǨǔǚǥǢǝ~ƼǘǜǐǏǖNJǜǏǚǒ
ǛǘǎǏǚǐNJǕnjǛǏǧǜǒǙǚǒǏǖǥǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǜǘǖǘǍNjǥNjǥǜǦ NJǕǡǜǘǒcǗNJǔǚǥǢǏ ǘǠǒǗǔǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǕǒǛǜ 
njcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘNjǥǕǑNJǎǝǖNJǗǒǑNjǚǝ NJnjǜǘǚǚǏǢǒǕǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǦǒcnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏnjǏǗǜǞNJǛNJǎNJcǷ
ǛNJƼǘǕǦǔǘnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǛǩnǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǙǚǘ ǎǕǩǙǝǣǏǓǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗǘǛǜǒǘNjǤǏǖNJƹǚNJnjǎNJǛǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥ
ǑǚNJǡǗǘǓǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓǙǚǒǑǖǘǓcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜƴǝǑǏǖNjNJ ǎǕǒǗǗǘǓǨǐǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJǛǥǙǏǗǘNjǕǘǔǘǛǜNJǕǛǩǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖ
ǏnjcǷƷǘǔǘǍǎNJǎǏǕǘǎǘǢǕǘǎǘǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJ ǑǎǏǛǦǘǜǘǛNJǎǔǘnjǏǍǘǑNJǣǒǣNJǏǜǔǚǥǢNJ
ǙǘǛǜNJnjǣǒǔǒNjǚǝǛNJǗǏǛǖǘǍǕǒǏǍǘǗNJǖǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦ~ƹǚǒ LJǜǘNjǥǕNJnjǜǘǚNJǩǙǘǙǥǜǔNJƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJ
ǢǕǘǛǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǡǏǖǜǘǛǚǘǡǗǘǑNJǖǏǗǩǜǦǒcƼǘǜNJǗ nLJǜǘNjǥǕ ǙǘǐǏǗǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǛcǐǏǕǏǑǘǖ ǙǏǚnjNJǩcǷǎǘǖǛcǙǚǒǡNJ
ǜǘǜǛǕǝǡNJǓǔǘǍǎNJǙǘǙNJǕǛǩǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǥǓǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǗǘNjǏǑ ǕǘǖnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ƷǘǛNJǖǘǓǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǓǛǜNJǕNJ
NjǘǕǦǢǒǟǎǏǗǏǍ~ njǥNjǚNJǕǛNJǖǥǓǎǘǛǜǝǙǗǥǓnjcǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜ ǜǚǏǜǦǩcǷǎǘǖnƽǛǙǏǗǛǔǒǓǕǏǛ~  ƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǕǏǑǘǗǏ
ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕcǷǍNJǑǘǛǒǕǒǔNJǜǗǥǓNjǕǘǔƲcǟǘǜǩǔNJǚǔNJǛǘǛǜNJǕ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǙǘǕǑǕǘǛcǔǚǥǢǒǗNJǛǜǏǗǥǗǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǠǏ
ǛǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǖ ǘcǡǏǖǛcǜǘǚǠǘnjǎǘǖǙǚǘǍǘnjNJǚǒnjNJǏǜǛǩ ǕǒǔǘǖǘNjǏǚǗǝǕǘǎǘǖcǷǔNJǔǘǎǏǩǕǘǖƾNJǕǦǠǏnjNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩ

280 
O  
ɮ
  82.
;)U.U JU#N _*)U"*J ;X.UNV NU'Uˆ <"*
"X*'W V' NV ) )*xV <"* ^<R*#U "<VŠ
JUˆ NUV^;RUV !)wJUˆ- R^xRU N"#V‰W 
 3 6$O 
&
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

'*RRU ;USVU'^ W<X;U)Ux) !R] UVN*)‰RU UV NU'-   


 /
. 
VXU) '‡ ** ;U)RUV‰] ';XU"wX^W R '*V*- R_*#U
   L;<LIEFE UH<MRE
R* !‡)U JXU'* R!XUJ ;)R- w!) JU)‡aJ "Ww)
Xˆ <!R*ˆ- R '*V* Nx* U;X*N*)W) "‡UV‡< 'UŠ   (% !" #
VX*) R U*N*ˆ _VU!‡ R* U_*R‰ w#UXx")- UJR <"Š (4
VXx U!X) JJ #U"UXVW <'X^ ;U RVJ*F R*JUVUŠ
 
 /
X‡* U*N N) R*JUVUX‡* NX^w‰W R*JUVUX‡* U VXUˆJ
UV)‰- <Nx* XwRU#U `"*V UR !‡) ;Xa)U‰ ;U)Š
RUV‰] wJX‡V‰ X'‡ UV") VU)‰JU V*J)U- U!Xw !R
!X) <NU'F UR #UX!V‡ˆ <!R] X*a) VJ x* N*)V‰-
!RW R.UNVW ;U_V R ^XU"R* "UN‡ <UV R** N*))
V*XX^ J<;X^N^-

ɮ V  J-
^%
 - ?>@I

njǦǏǜǛǩǙǘnjǛǏǖǝǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǝǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǩǛcǎǘǖNJ
ǗNJǗNJnjǏǛǎNJǕǦǢǏcǷǗNJǍNJǚNJǐǒcǑNJǜǏǖǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩ
njcǑNJNjǘǚLJǜǘǜǞǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǟǘǎǛǜNJǕǛǜǚNJǢǗǘǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǏǗ
ǛcǕǏǍǔǘǓǚǝǔǒƱNJǟǒƿNJǎǒǎǗǘnjǛǏǐǏcǷnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ
NjǏǜǘǗǗǘǓǍǎǏNjǝǔnjNJǕǦǗǘnjǒǎǒǢǦǔNJǔNjǏǜǘǗǕǦǏǜǛǩǙǘ
ǑNJǜǏǓǕǒnjǘǓǞǘǚǖǏƬǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǕǒǧǜǘnjcǒǗǘǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJ
ǕǏ#ƻǖǏǕǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǒǚǝǩNJnjǜǘǚǗNJǔǕǘǗǩǏǜǛǜǏǗǥ
ǒcǔǚǘnjǕǩǕǘǐǒǜǛǩǛǔǕNJǎǔNJǖǒnjcǜNJǔǜǏǓnǙǘǕǑǏǜ~ǍǏǘ
ǖǏǜǚǒǩǎǘǖNJNjNJǕǔǘǗnjǥǎnjǒǍNJǏǜǛǩǞǕǒǍǏǕǒǚNJǑNjǏǍNJ
ǨǜǛǩNJcǖǏǐǎǝǗǒǖǒnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǓǙǚǘnjNJǕǜǏǚ
ǚNJǛǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗNJǔǚǥnjNJǏǜnjǛǏǜNJǐǏǔǚǘnjǕǩƪcǎǏǚǐǒǜ
ǏǏǖǘǣǗNJǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǞǏǚǖNJǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǨǣNJǩǡǜǘ
ǒcǎǏǚǏnjǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǗǏNJǚǟNJǒǔNJNJcǛNJǖǥǓǡǜǘǗǒǗNJǏǛǜǦNJǔ
ǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕ
ƲǛNJǖǘǏǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘǏǡǜǘǙǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǒ
ǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJnjnjcǧǜǒǟǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǟǛcǐǏǕǏǑǘǖnjcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓ
NjNJǗǏƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjnjǏǚǗǝǕǛǩǜNJǔǒǔcǡǒǛǜǘǜǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJcǷ
ǗǏǒǑǖǏǗǒnjǛNJǖǘǓǒǎǏǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓ ǗǏǘǚǜǘǍǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ 
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƲcǟǘǜǩnjǛǏnjǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǏǙǚǒǏǖǥǛǜNJǕǒ
ǑNJǧǜǘnjǚǏǖǩǖǘǎǗǥǖǒƼǘǜNJǗǎǘnjǏǕǒǟǎǘǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǛǜnjNJ
ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒnjǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǓǙǘǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǙǚǘǏǔǜnjcǧǜNJǕǘǗǛǜǒǕǩ
ǒǕǒǟǘǜǩNjǥnǜǚǏǗǎNJ~ ƴǘǗǏǔǙǘǢǏǕǜǏǖǐǏǑǒǍǑNJǍǘǖ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǘǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩƱǎǏǛǦǖǘǐǗǘ ƮnjǒǍNJǩǛǦǙǘǓƬǘǛǜǘǡǗǘǓǝǕǒǠǏ ǑNJNjǘǚǥǛNJǓǎǒǗǍ ǛǕǝǡNJǏcǷǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǚǏǓǔǘǓǗNJcǖǖ cǷǧǜǘǔǘ
ǗǘǗNJNjǘǕǏǏǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǖǘNjǤǏǖǏǡǏǖǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǎǘǖǧǞ ǛǙNJǜǦǡǒǜNJǜǦǎNJǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǎǏǕNJǜǦǡǜǘǝǍǘǎǗǘcǷǏǛǕǒnjǥ Ǎǚǩǎǔǒ ǔNJǗNJnjǥc Ƿ njǛǏ ǔNJǔ njǏǑǎǏ njc ƺǘǛǛǒǒ  ǖǏǗǦǢǏ ǗǏǡǗǘǛǘnjǛǏǖǘǛǘNjǥǓǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǙǝǜǦ
ǞǏǔǜnjǥǢǏǕǏǣǏǩǚǡǏNJcǜǘǚǠǏnjǘǓǞNJǛNJǎNjNJǗǒ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏNjǘǒǜǏǛǦǜNJǔǘǍǘǙNJǚǏǗǒǩǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǏcǖǏǜǚNJ njǛǏǍǘ ǘǐǒǎNJǏǢǦ njǛǜǚǏǜǒǜǦ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǜNJǔǘǓ ǘNjǤǏǔǜ Ƽǝǜ ƻǜǘǒǜǐǏǑNJǧǜǒǖǡǝǎǘǖǎǘǕǍNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩ
ǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǒǖǏǏǜnjǏǛǦǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǥǓǗNJNjǘǚǐǒǕǥǟ ǁNJǛǜǦǨǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛNJǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǒcǑǎNJǗǒǏ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǩƬǘǛǜǘǡǗNJǩ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǦǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝǔǘǍǎNJnjǛǜǚǏǜǒǕǒǛǦ
ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓǜNJǔǡǜǘǛcǝǛǙǏǟǘǖǛǕǝǐǒǜǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǖǎǘǖǘǖ  ǍNJǚNJǐNJǚǏǢǏǗǗǘǏnjcǜǘǓǐǏǛǜǒǕǒǛǜǒǔǏǛcNjNJǗǏǓǘNjǤ ǝǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩnjcƽǍǕǘnjǘǓǑNJǕǒnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǡNJǛǜǦǨ ƾǏǕǒǔǛƶNJǢǔǘnjǒcƬNJǎǒǖƭǏǚNJǛǒǖǏǗǔǘƷNJǡǒǗNJǕǒǘǗǒǛǘ
ǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǛǩǗNJǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǖƴǚǘǖǏǍǏǘǖǏ ǏǎǒǗǏǗǗǘǏǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǥǖǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǖǔǘ ǑNJǕǒnjNJƪǖǝǚǛǔǘǍǘNJcǜǘǜnjcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǡNJǛǜǦǨljǙǘǗ ǛǜǚǒǜNJǚǜNJǚNJǛǙǒǛǥnjNJǩnjcǡǏǜǥǚǏǚǝǔǒǙǘǔnjǖǙǘ
ǜǚǒǒǑǎǏǛǦǏǣǏǟǘǚǘǢǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜǛNjǒǜǥǏnjcǔǝǡǝǡǏǜǥǚǏ ǜǘǚǘǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǏǏnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦnǑNJnjNJǕǒǗǔǘǓ~ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖ ǛǔǘǍǘǖǘǚǩȁƷǘǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǗǘǍǒǝcǧǜǘǍǘǡǝǎNJǚNJ ǜǘǖǙǏǚǏǢǕǒǔcǎǒǑNJǓǗǝnƶǥnjǛǏǍǎNJǟǘǜǏǕǒNjǘǕǦǢǏǍǘ
ǘǔǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜǔNJǔǘǎǗǘNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǘǔǗǘƹǩǜǘǏ ǜNJǔǒǟǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǟǑNJnjNJǕǒǗǘǔnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǏǣǏ ǛǜǝǜǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǒǑNjǕǒǑǘǛǜǒǛcljǙǘǗǒǏǓƿǘǜǩǎǏǜNJǕǒ ǡǏǖǙǚǘǛǜǘǔǚNJǛǔNJǗNJǛǜǏǗNJǟǒcǗNJǡNJǕǒǘǛnjNJǒnjNJǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘ
ǘǔǘǢǔǘǛNjǘǔǝǘǛnjǏǣNJǏǜNjǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔǝnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJNJcǜǏ ǗǏNjǥǕǘǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǔcǙǚǝǎǝǘǗNJNjǏǐǒǜǛǘ ǚǘnjǔNJǒcǞǒǕǒǍǚNJǗǗǘǛǜǦǘǜǎǏǕǔǒǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏǛǝǜ ǔNJǔǗǏǛNJǖǥǓǙǘǎNJǜǕǒnjǥǓǗǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕƼǘǍǎNJ
ǡǏǜǥǚǏcǷǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǘnjǏǚǜǒǔNJ njǏǚǢǏǗǗǘnǒǑǖǏǗǒnjǢǒǖǛǩǕǒǠǘǖ~cǷǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩǛǦ ǩǙǘǗǛǔǒǓ ǘǜǜǏǗǘǔ ƹǕNJǛǜǒǔNJ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ ǗNJNjǒǚNJǏǜǛǩ ǗǏ ǐǏǚǏǢǒǕǒǡǜǘǟǘǜǒǖǎǏǕNJǜǦǡǜǘǜǘǛnjǩǑNJǗǗǘǏǛcNJǚǟǒ
ǕǒǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǘǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǖǍNJǖNJǔǘǖcǷǛǏǜǔǘǓǗNJǜǩǗǝǜǘǓ ǙǘǎǘǚǘǍǏǜǘnjcNJǖǞǒǜǏNJǜǚǜǘnjcǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǜǘnjcǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǝ ǖNJǛǛǘǓNJcǖǗǘǐǏǛǜnjǘǖǖǏǕǔǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnj njcǎNJǗǗǘǖ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǘǓǒcǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǒǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǖǒ~ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ

282 
Dsgohfnf ª{g—jf- /
. 
"B B %
  "<X*#UR. R^xRU UwN"V‰ _VUŠ VU 'V*XŠ
()  +    )‰RU*- V‡ R* ;XUNa‰ ;XU*JV V^)< V‡ ;XUŠ
X
- ?>@H
Na‰ V^)- ;XU*JVXU"R* R' ;U_V R* ;XŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ɮ Dsgohfnf ª{g—jf- J RUV N*R*#< '‡ "*. X.V*JVUXU" UN*Xx' R NU.UN‡
(+ <^
- <;XUw"UNV"- "<SVU' 'RU#U ;)]U"F ^<R *V‰ `*. <'‡
2017 Xw!X*'W "<NwˆR* ;USVU'^ Xw^ VRU"'W ;U)*wŠ
R‡' <^NU!R‡' N)W NX^#. NwˆR*XU"- UR "*#N
"<;UJ* ;XUw"UNV*)W U#XU'RW ;XU!)*'< ' R*#N*
"U;)U~V‰ "U N*- SVU NU"U)‰RU )UxR‡ˆ ;XU`*F
NwˆR*X< SVU N*W <JUR`*;`W <;XUw"UNV"U< "UŠ
;)U~*R*- _VU "VUX ;XU*JV R* wR*V JJW *'^ R^xR
VU)~R N*X*" JJ* ;U)‰wU"V‰ JX*;)*RWF *'^ "*
SVU R*RV*X*RU- <R' U_*R‰ RV*X*RU N*)V‰ VJ _VU!‡
<VU_J wX*RW JURVX^J` "* !‡)U ;X")‰RU-

ɮ
ƲǏǛǕǒnjcǔNJǞǏǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǝǕǘnjǒǜǦǜǚNJ
ǎǒǠǒǨǙǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǜNJNjǒǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ
njcǩǙǘǗǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǘǜƱNJǕNJƾǏǗǒǔǛNJ  ǎǘǟǚNJ
ǖNJƴǘǖǫǎǑǒƼNJǎNJǘƪǗǎǘ  ǜǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǣǝǜǒǖNJǒǗNJǩ
ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǗǘǜǘǐǏǩǙǘǗǛǔNJǩNjǏǚǝǣNJǩǗNJǡNJǕǘnjcǔǚǒ
ǙǚǘǛǕNJnjǒǕNJ'SRGVIXI.YRKPIǜNJǖnjǛǏǐǏǒǖǏǕǖǏǛǜǘǔǝ njǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǟǔǚǥǢNJǟǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǙǚǘǒ
ǖǝǕǩǜǒnjǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜ ǞNJNjǚǒǔNJǛǜNJǕNJNJǗNJǕǘǍǘǖǖǘǛǔǘnj ǑǘǢǕǒǘǜǑNJǘǛǜǚǏǗǗǥǟǔnjǏǚǟǝǒǗǎǒǓǛǔǒǟǛǜǝǙƲǖǏǗǗǘ
ǛǔǘǍǘ%VXTPE]ǒcǙǒǜǏǚǛǔǘǍǘnƻǏnjǔNJNjǏǕǩ~ ǛNJǖǒǐǏǟǘǎǥ ǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗNJƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏnjcǔǘǑǥǚǦǔǏƮnjǘǚǠNJ
NjǥǕǒǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǒcǗNJǖǏǔNJǕǒǗNJǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓ NJǛǛNJǖNjǕǏǒnjcǁNJǗǎǒǍNJǚǟǏNJcǙǘǜǘǖǛǜNJǕNJǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǙǝǕǩǚ
NJǗNJǕǘǍcǷǗǦǨǓǘǚǔǛǔǒǓǙNJǚǔ,MKL0MRIƪcnjǘǜǙǏǚnjǥǏ ǗNJǝcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǟǑǘǎǡǒǟcǷǎǕǩǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩnǜǘǚǐǏǛǜnjǏǗ
ǜǚǒǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǑNJǖǏǡNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǜǏǖǡǜǘnjǏǛǦǖNJǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘ ǗǘǛǜǒǛcNJǑǒNJǜǛǔǒǖǝǔǕǘǗǘǖ~ǜNJǔǘnjǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚƮnjǘǚǏǠ
ǛǘǡǏǜNJǕǒǟǚǝǙǔǘǛǜǦǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJ ǞNJǗǏǚNJǚǏǓǔNJ ǛcǖǘǗǝ ƵǏǗǒǗNJnjcƪǕǖNJƪǜǏƲcǧǜNJǘǛǜǚǘǘǣǝǜǒǖNJǩǎnjǘǚǠǘnjNJǩ
ǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǘNjǚNJǑNJ NJǚǔǒǔǝǙǘǕ  ǜǘǚǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦnjcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏǛcnǖǏNjǏǕǦǗǥǖ~ǖNJǛǢǜNJ
ǖǘǎNJǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǜNJǔǒǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJcǷǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏ ƲǚǘnjǗǘnjcǜǘǓǐǏǙNJǚNJǎǒǍǖǏ'SRGVIXI NjǘǖǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǙǚǏǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǝǨnjǒNjǚNJǠǒǨǔǝǎNJǝǖǏǣNJ
ǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏcǷǑNJǟnjNJǜǒǕNJǙǘǛǕǏǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒƹNJǚ .YRKPIǎǏǕNJǏǜǛnjǘǓǙǏǚnjǥǓǡNJǛǜǗǥǓǎǘǖƸǗǜNJǔǘǓǖNJ ǏǜǛǩǒcǜǩǍNJǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǔcǙNJǞǘǛǝǒcǏǍǘǐǏ
ǔNJƭǘǚǦǔǘǍǘ  njǛǨǛǜǚNJǗǝǗǘnjǘƬǕNJǎǒnjǘǛǜǘǔǏǎǘ ǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǒcǜNJǔǘǓNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǥǓǡǜǘǏǍǘǖǘǐǗǘǙǚǒǗǩǜǦǑNJ ǜǘǛǔNJǙǘǝǨǜǝƪcǙǏǚǏǎǑǎNJǗǒǏǖǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǠǏ
'SRGVIXI.YRKPIǜNJǔǘǍǘǗǒǔǜǘǗǏǎǏǕNJǕNJcǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǡǜǘ ǢǔNJǞǡǒǔƺǘnjǗǥǏǍǕNJǎǔǒǏǛǜǏǗǥ ǎNJǏǣǏǡǏǚǗǥǏǛcNjǘǔǘnj ǕNJǩnǙǕǘǣNJǎǦ~cǷǍǚǘǖNJǎǗNJǩǘǜǔǚǥǜNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ
ǘǗǒǛcǟǘǎǝǘǛnjǘǒǕǒǔǝǡǝǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǓǒcǔNJǐǎǥǓǚNJǑǙǚǏǎ ǒcǛǜǏǔǕǘǛǙǏǚǏǎǒǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǛǏǚnjNJǗǜƿǘǜǏǕǘǛǦNjǥǛǔNJ ƲǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǖǘǐǏǜǝǎǒnjǒǜǦǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ
ǕNJǍNJǕǒǔNJǔǘǏǜǘǛǒǕǦǗǘǏǒcǩǚǔǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏ ǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǒcǛǎǏǕNJǗǘǗǛcnǖǏNjǏǕǦǗǥǖ~ǔNJǔǍǘnjǘǚǩǜǔNJǡǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǝǢǗǥǖǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǘǖǘǜǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǑǘǗǥǔcǙǚǒ
ƴNJǞǏ nƻǔNJǑǔNJ~ ǒǑǥǛǔNJǗǗǥǓ njǘǕǗǒ ǛǜnjǘǖǗǘǧǜǘǑNJǜǚǝǎǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘƷǏǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǜNJǔ njNJǜǗǘǓǒǟǙǚǘǛǜǘǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǏǜǜǘǗǔNJǩNjǏǕNJǩǛǜǏǗNJƸǜǔǚǥǕ
ǛǜǥǓǞNJǛNJǎǒǑNjǏǕǥǟǚǏǏǔƺǏǛǜǘǚNJǗnƻǝǙǚNJ~ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ NJcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǜǝǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǗǝǨǑǘǗǝǍǎǏnjǛǏǍǎNJǒcǘNjǗNJǐNJǨǜ ǎnjǏǚǦǒǑǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǒcǜǥnjcǛǙNJǕǦǗǏƷǘǑNJǜǘnjcǛǙNJǕǦǗǏ
njcnjǒǎǏǞNJǗǏǚǗǘǓNJǚǔNJǎǥƬǥǛǜNJnjǘǡǗǥǓǙNJnjǒǕǦǘǗnƵǘ ǛǩǎǏǞǏǔǜǥcǷǑǘǗǝǛǜǥǔǘnjcǷNJnjǜǘǚǥǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǚǏǓǔǘǓ ǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǘǎǒǗǙǘǜǚǩǛNJǨǣǒǓNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜcǷǢǔNJǞǡǦǒ
ǜǘǛ~ǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓǔǝǙǘǕǛcǖǏǚǠNJǨǣǏǓǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǦǨ ƷǘǎǏǕNJǨǜǘǗǒǧǜǘǗǏǑNJǜǏǖǡǜǘNjǥǛǔǚǥǜǦnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǓ ǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒǑNJNjǚNJǗǥǜǘǓǐǏǚǏǓǔǘǓǗǘǝǐǏǒǎǝǣǏǓ
ƫǒNjǕǒǘǜǏǔNJnƫǝǔ~ǛǜǘǕǥǝǏǑǐNJǨǜǙǘǎǙǘǎǒǝǖǙǘǛǚǏ NjǚNJǔNJcǡǜǘNjǥǧǜǘǜǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦcǷǘǜNjǘǔǘnjǔcǞNJ ǛǔǕNJǎǔNJǖǒcǷǛǕǘnjǗǘǗǏNjǚǏǐǗǘNjǚǘǢǏǗǗǘǏǙǘǔǚǥnjNJ
ǎǒǛǜǏǕǕNJǐǏǓnjǛǙǕǥnjNJǏǜǧǔǚNJǗcǷǡǒǜNJǕǦǗǥǓǑNJǕǛǜNJ ǛNJǎǝǘǜǛǜǏǗcǷǔcǔǚǥǢǏǘǜǎǏǚǏnjNJcǷǔcǛǜǏǔǕǝLJǜǘǜǟǘǎ ǕǘƼNJǔǒǏǐǏǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǑNJǜǩǗǝǜǥǏǚǏǓǔǘǓ
ǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǕǏǔǜǘǚǒǏǖƫǕNJǍǘǝǛǜǚǘǓǛǜnjǘǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒǞNJ NjǥǕǗNJǓǎǏǗǝǐǏnjcǔNJǞǏnƻǔNJǑǔNJ~ǗǘǜNJǖǚǏǓǔNJǢǕNJǚNJǑ ǏǛǜǦǒcǙǚǒnjǟǘǎǏnjcǎǘǖǙǕNJǛǜǒǔNJǞNJǛNJǎNJǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǒǜ
NjǚǒǔǒnƱNJǚǩ~ǛǔNJǖǏǓǔǒnjǥǛǜǚǏǕǒnjNJǨǜǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǚǏǐǏǗǗǘǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǩǗǝǐǗǝǨǒǗǜǚǒǍǝNJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘcǷ ǛǗNJǚǝǐǒnjǗǝǜǚǦƪcǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǔǝǟǗǒǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǒcǍǘ
ǙǘǎǒǝǖǘnjǎǚǝǍǒǏǛǜǏǕǨǜǛǩǑǒǍǑNJǍNJǖǒǛǙǒǗǔǒǜǚǏǜǦǒǟ njcǘǎǗǘǓ njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǓ ǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒƱǎǏǛǦǐǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒ ǛǜǒǗǘǓǑǘǗǒǚǝǏǜǙǘǜǘǕǘǔǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǑNJNjǚNJǗNJ
ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩnjcǛǜǏǗǥƲcǟǘǜǩnƱNJǚǩ~NjǘǕǦǢǏnjǛǏǍǘ ǙǕNJnjǗǘǛǔǚǝǍǕǩǨǜǛǩǒcǙǚǒǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǏǔcǛǜǏǗNJǖǒcǔcǔǚǥǢǏ njǛǏǜǘǓǐǏǚǏǓǔǘǓ

284 
83.
 

 
 
 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 
     ) 
  %( !" #
('

  35 

ɭ
ƻnjǘǓǛNJǖǥǓǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓǎǘǖǒcǙǏǚnjǥǓnjcǖǒǚǏǘNjǚNJǑǏǠ
ǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ  ƺǘNjǏǚǜƬǏǗǜǝǚǒǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcƾǒ
ǕNJǎǏǕǦǞǒǒǎǕǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǖNJǜǏǚǒƭǏǘǚǍǒǓƻǗǏǐ
ǔǒǗǎǘǖǗNJNjǏǚǏǍǝƬǥNjǘǚǍǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǕǒnjNJǜǘǐǏnjǘǑnjǏǕ
ǎǕǩǚǘǎǒǜǏǕǏǓcǷǗǘǧǜǘǗǏǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǡǜǘǘNjǤǏ
ǎǒǗǩǏǜǎnjNJǧǜǒǟǘNjǤǏǔǜNJƬcǎǘǖǏƻǗǏǐǔǒǗNJǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦ
nǞNJǛNJǎǔNJǔǚNJǑǚǏǑ~ǔcNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǙǕǘǛǔǘǖǝǍǕNJnjǗǘǖǝ
ǞNJǛNJǎǝnǙǚǒǛǕǘǗǩǨǜǛǩ~ǎǚǝǍǒǏǡNJǛǜǒǎǘǖNJcǷNjǘǕǏǏ
ǛǕǘǐǗǘǓ ǔǘǗǞǒǍǝǚNJǠǒǒ ƱǎǏǛǦ ǜNJǔ ǐǏ ǔNJǔ ǒc ǝc ƬǏǗ
ǜǝǚǒ ǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǜ ǛnjǏǛǥ ǒc ǜǘǡǔǒ ǛǟǘǎNJ ǛǔNJǜǘnj ǑNJǜǘ
ǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǜǎnjNJǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǟǘǔǗNJǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǥǙNJǗǘ
ǚNJǖǗǘǍǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩǛǎnjǒǐǗǥǏǛǜNJnjǗǒǗǒǢNJnjǟǘǎNJ
ǒcǜǚǝNjNJǔNJǖǒǗNJǙǘǠǏǗǜǚǝ
ƴǘǍǎNJǠǒǜNJǜǜNJǔǖǗǘǍǘǒcnjcǛǘnjǘǔǝǙǗǘ ǑnjǝǡǒǜǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǘǖNJnjǜǘǚǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǘǜǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜǗǒǑcǷ ɭ X  "
-
ǛǜǒǛnjǘǏǓǘǗǒǘǜǛǥǕNJǨǜǔcǔǘǗǔǚǏǜǗǘǖǝǙǏǚnjǘǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǝ ǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǓǒcǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖNJǚǔǒǚǝǏǜnjǜǘǚǘǓǧǜNJǐ N  "B "

ǟǘǡǏǜǛǩǛǔNJǑNJǜǦnƺǏǖǒǗǒǛǠǏǗǠǒǩƪǕǕǨǑǒǩƹǕNJǍǒNJǜ~ njcǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǖǛǙNJǕǦǗǥǓNJcǙǘǜǘǖǝǙǘǡǜǒǍǕǝǟǘǓ ǔnjNJǎǚNJ <T
 

 a-
1964
ƷǘǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǜǒǠǒǜNJǜǥǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǖNJǛǢǜNJ ǜǒǔǘǖǘǔǗNJǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJǒcǜǘǚǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǘNjǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǔǝǕǦ
NjǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǒcǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǥǘǗǒǏǣǏǒcǘǙǜǒǖǒǑǒǚǘ ǖǒǗNJǠǒǨǎǘǖNJcǷǜǚǏǜǒǓǧǜNJǐǖNJǩǔƼǘǏǛǜǦnjcǎNJǗǗǘǖ
njNJǗǥƬǑǩǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǘǏǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǝcƬǏǗǜǝǚǒǑNJ ǛǕǝǡNJǏǜǏǖNJǞNJǛNJǎNJǔNJǔǚNJǑǚǏǑNJnjǗǩǜǗǘǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝ
ǗǒǖnjǛǏǍǘǕǒǢǦǜNJǖNjǝǚnjcǔǘǖǗNJǜǏǛǜǘǚǘǐNJƼǘǕǒǎǏǕǘ ǏǜǔNJǔǝǛǜǚǘǏǗǘǑǎNJǗǒǏƲcnjǛǏǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǝcƬǏǗǜǝǚǒǞNJ
ǝcƻǗǏǐǔǒǗNJǘǔǗǘnjǑǕǏǜNJǏǜǙǘǎǛNJǖǥǓǔǝǙǘǕǙǘǜǘǖǝ ǛNJǎǥǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǨǜǗǘǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘ
ǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǒǎǗNJǖǘǚǏǗǘǏǣǏǒcnjǒǎǛcǖǘǚǩcǷ ǗNJǖǏǚǏǗǗǘǑNJǙǝǜǥnjNJǨǜǗǏǎNJnjNJǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǎNJǐǏ
ǖNJǩǔƶNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǏǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǛǒǖnjǘǕǛǘǛǚǏǎǘ ǝǕǘnjǒǜǦǖNJǛǢǜNJNjǗǒǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǗǒǠǏǕǘǍǘ
ǜǘǡǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǝcƬǏǗǜǝǚǒǑNJǗǒǖǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǝcƻǗǏǐǔǒǗNJcǷ Ʒǘ njǛǏ ǧǜǘ NJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘ ǑNJǔǘǗǘǖǏǚ
ǔNJNjǒǗǏǜƹNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘnjǏǗǜǝǚǒǏnjǛǔǘǓǔǝǟǗǒ njǛǏ Ǘǘ ǝǡǒǜǥnjNJǩ ǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜ njc ǔǘǜǘǚǘǖ ǎǘǖ ƬǏǗǜǝǚǒ Ǚǘ
ǟǘǑǩǓǔǒǍǘǜǘnjǩǕǨNjǩǜǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǝ ƻǗǏǐǔǒǗ ǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩ ǒc ǚǘǕǦ ǑǘǎǡǏǍǘ ǔNJǔ ǗǒǛǙǚǘnjǏǚǍNJǜǏǕǩ ǖǘ
ǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜnjǘnjǏǛǦǞNJǛNJǎǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǩ ǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJǡǦǒǗNJǟǘǎǔǒǔcǜǘǖǝnjǚǏǖǏǗǒǜǥǛǩǡǏǔǚNJǜǗǘ
njǘǎnjǘǚǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǔǝǟǗǨǗǘǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨ ǚNJǛǜǒǚNJǐǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǒcǛǙǚǘǞNJǗǒǚǘnjNJǗǥƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǔǚǥ
ƻNJǖǙǘǛǏNjǏǟǘǎǝǐǏnjǙǘǕǗǏǜǚǒnjǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǗǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǗ ǢNJc Ƿ ǗǏ ǙǕǘǛǔNJǩ NJc ǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩ njǖǏǛǜǘ ǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǍǘ

286 

 
;XW'U^#U)‰R‡ˆ ^_VUJ "U*ˆ ^wJUˆ *"*XRUˆ
VUXURUˆ J*VW w)"- wŠ w  U;X*N*)*RŠ
R‡. U#XR_*Rˆ V*XXVUX ™w~VRW wUR
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

)S;š NU' "‡R^xN*RRU X;U)Ux)W "<N)‰R*' UV "UN‡


JUR`* ^_VJ R X"RV*)‰RU R*!U)‰aU' ;WVR*- x*)Š
R* "N*V‰ 'UX* "J^;* <R*!U)‰a' ;WVRU' wVXUˆJ
TUX'XU") JU';JVR‡ˆ ;)R <"‡UJˆ VX*.SVxR‡ˆ
U!Ž*' NU'Š ' WJ U!X~*RRU#U J<w)"^-

ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩcǷǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǓǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǟǘǔǘǗ ǙǦǨǜǒcǏǎǩǜnjcƹǚǒNjǥǕǘnjǘǡNJǣǏnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǒǕǒǍǘǛǜǒ NjǥǕǘǒcǘNjǣǒǓNJNjǚǒǛǎǘǖNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJ


njǖǏǛǜǘǗǘǐǏǔǒǕǒǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘ ǗǘǓǡǦǒǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǥǏǘǔǗNJǖǘǐǗǘǚNJǛǙNJǟǗǝǜǦǗNJǛǜǏǐǦ ǨǣǒǓNjNJǔǏǗƼǘǏǛǜǦǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ
ǛǜǒǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJcǷǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗNJǩǙǚǘǡǗNJǩ NJcǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǒcǗNJǍǕǝǟǘǑNJǎǚNJǒǜǦcǷǔǘǍǎNJǟǘǑǩǏnjNJ njǛǏnjǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǥǏǜǘǡǗǥǏǟǘǎǥǒcǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǏǎnjNJǕǒ
ǛǜǏǗNJƼNJǔǒǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖƬǏǗǜǝǚǒnjǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǏǜ ǝǏǑǐNJǨǜ ƹǏǡǔNJǗǏǖǏǢNJǏǜǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǨNJcǕǒǢǦǛǕǝǐǒǜ ǡǜǘǗǒNjǝǎǦNjǝǎǝǜǑǗNJǡǒǜǦNJcnjǘǜǧǜǘǜǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǔcǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝcǷǗǘǗǏǔcǔǕNJǛǛǒ ǛǖǥǛǕǘnjǥǖǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǧǜǘǍǘǗǒǐǗǏǍǘǝǚǘnjǗǩƱNJǗǏǓcǷ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǘǘǜǗǏǛǜǒǗǒǛcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǖ
ǡǏǛǔǘǖǝƼNJǖǗǏǜǗǒǔǘǕǘǗǗǗǒǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǘnjǎNJǒcǛǒǖ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǚNJǛǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǟǘǕǕǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǖǘǐǗǘ ǗǒǛcǔǕNJǛǛǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǗNJǡNJǕǘǖǘǛǜNJǗǏǜǛǩǜNJǔǒǖǐǏnjNJǐ
ǖǏǜǚǒǩǝǛǕǘnjǗNJǩcǷǛǔǘǚǏǏNjNJǕNJǗǛƫǘǕǏǏǜǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǛǒ ǙǘǙNJǛǜǦnjcǙǚǒǟǘǐǝǨǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝnjcǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǒcǗNJǕǏǛǜ ǗǥǖǔNJǔǒcǎǘǖƬǏǗǜǝǚǒ
ǡǏǛǔǒǏǙǚǒǏǖǥǙǘǎnjǏǚǍNJǨǜǛǩǒǛǙǥǜNJǗǒǨǗNJǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦ ǗǒǠǝƹǕNJǗnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǏǣǏNjǘǕǏǏǕǘǍǒǡǏǗǒcǔǚNJǛǒnj ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖƬǏǗǜǝǚǒnjǛǨǐǒǑǗǦǘǜNjǚǥǔǒ
ǡǜǘǗNJǓǎǏǜǢǒǚǘǡNJǓǢǏǏǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǒǏnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǧǜǘǔǚǏǛǜcšccǖǏǜǚǘnjǛcǚǘnjǗǥǖǒǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǖǒǔǘǖǗNJǜ njNJǕǛǩǘǜǑnjNJǗǒǩnǘǜǏǠǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJ~ǍǘnjǘǚǩǡǜǘǏǍǘ
ǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘNJǖǏǚǒǔNJǗǛǔǘǍǘ ǞǚǘǗǜǘǗ ǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǖǒǛNJǗǝǑǕNJǖǒƷǝǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǗNJnjǏǚǟǝǑNJǜǏǖ ǗǏǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǘǙǘǗǩǕǒǘǗǜǘNjǘǚǘǕǛǩǛcǘNjǏǑǕǒǡǒnjNJǨǣǏǓ
ǚNJǑǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩ ǘǔǗǘ ǘǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩ Ǚǘǡǜǒ ǎǘ ǑǏǖǕǒ njǖǏ ǛNJǖǥǖǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǘǔǗǘǖcǷǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩǘǗNJǐǏǔǘǖǗNJǜNJ ǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨnǔǘǚǘNjǘǔ~ǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖNJNJcǏǍǘǙǘ
ǛǜǘǙNJǚNJǎǗǘǍǘnjǟǘǎNJcǷǗǏǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǏǘǜnjǏǚǛǜǒǏƬǏǗǜǝ ǗNJNjǕǨǎǏǗǒǩǑNJƫNJǕǜǒǓǛǔǒǖǖǘǚǏǖ ǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǒǛǜNJǕǒǙǚǒǕǩǙǥnjNJǜǦNJǚǔǒǒcǔǘǕǘǗǗǥǔǝǎNJ
ǚǒnjcǧǜǘǜǖǘǖǏǗǜǙǒǢǏǜnƻǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǒcǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǩ ƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘ ǡǜǘ ƬǏǗǜǝǚǒ ǚNJǑǚǏǑNJǏǜ ǒcǔNJǔǙǘǙNJǕǘƻǗǏǐǔǒǗǜǘǐǏǝnjǏǚǩǏǜǡǜǘnǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǎǘǖ
njcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ~ǒcǡǏǛǜǗǘǝǛǗNJǣNJǏǜǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǩǖǒǒcǙǚǘ ǛnjǘǓǞNJǛNJǎǔNJǔǘǖǖNJǐǚǒǖǛǔǘǖǝǎǘǖǝ-P+MVEWSPI   njǥǍǕǩǎǏǕǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǒǗNJǡǏǎǕǒǗǗNJǩǙNJǕǔNJǙǘǙǏǚǏǔ
ǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǩǖǒǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǝǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǛǙǘ ƵǝǒǎǐǒƶǘǚǏǜǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǞǒǍǝǚǒǚǝǏǜǝcǗǏǍǘnjcǔǗǒǍǏ ǝǡNJǛǜǔNJǛcnjǒǎǘǖǗNJǖǘǚǏƷǘǔǘǍǎNJǙǚǘǏǔǜNjǥǕǍǘǜǘnj
ǜǥǔNJǏǜǛǩǘcǔNJǖǒǗǒcǛǝǐNJǏǜǛǩnjcǎnjNJǚNJǑNJNJcǛǘnjǜǘǚǘǍǘ njcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǙǚǘnjǘǑnjǏǛǜǗǒǔNJǗǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƻǗǏǐ NJnjǜǘǚNJǙǘǛǏǜǒǕǘNjǚNJǑǎǘǖNJNjNJǢǗǒǖNJǩǔNJǛcǞǘǗNJǚǏǖ
ǧǜNJǐNJǘǗNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǗǒǔǝǎNJǗǏnjǏǎǏǜǝǜǥǔNJǩǛǦnjcǛǜǏǗǝ ǔǒǗǐǏǡǝǜǦǛǚǏǑNJǏǜǙǒǚNJǖǒǎǔǝǛnjǘǏǍǘǎǘǖNJǙǘǕǝǡNJǩ ǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦǘǗǜǘǐǏNjǘǚǘǕǛǩǛcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǘǖ
ƻǗǏǐǔǒǗǗǒǡǏǍǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǛǏNjǏǗǏǙǘǑnjǘ ǗǏǡǜǘǛǖǝǜǗǘǙǘǟǘǐǏǏǗNJǙǘǕǝnjNJǕǦǖǘnjǥǏǔǚǘnjǕǒNjǥnj njcǛǏNjǏ ǗǘǘǎǘǕǏǕnjǛǏnǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǒǒcǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǩ~
ǕǩǏǜnjǛǏǘǔǗNJǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǥnjcǗǝǐǗǥǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǒcnjǛǏǕǏǛǜ ǢǒǏnjǏǛǦǖNJǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǖǒnjcǎNJǡǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǗNJǡNJǕNJ ǒcnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕǘǡǏǗǦǠǏǕǦǗǥǓǩǛǗǥǓǒcǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǡǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǗǒǠǥcǷǔǝǎNJǗNJǎǘǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥƲcǝǐǏǛǕǒǜǏǚǚNJǛNJcǷǜNJǔ ƿƿnjǏǔNJƷǘǎNJǐǏǒcǧǜǘǗǏǎNJǗǦǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜǝǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏ ǖNJǩǔƴǘǜǘǚǥǓǚNJǎǘǛǜǗǘǙǘNjǕǏǛǔǒnjNJǏǜnjcǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǏǗǏ
ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJNJcǗǏǝǑǏǗǦǔNJǩǙǘǕǘǛǔNJNjNJǕǔǘǗǡǒǔNJǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓ ǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩǎǏǜNJǕǦǔNJǔǜǚǏǟǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnj ǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǒNjǚǏǐǗǘǍǘǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǗǘǒcnjǛǏǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒ
ǗǒǙǚǒǛǏǛǜǦǗǒǡNJǨǙǘǙǒǜǦ ǔNJǔǝcƬǏǗǜǝǚǒ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖ ǕǩǔNJǔǘnjǘǓnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǏǣǏǗǏ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒcǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǚǩǎǕǒǝǔNJǐǏǜǏǓǕǘǐǗǥǓǔǝǚǛ

288 
84.
*   
N"* UU!*RRUV U"X*'*RRUˆ UV*_*V"*RRUˆ
„‚fg “fme—g- N 
< 

 

* 
X.V*JV^X‡ R"UNWV R #X^VR‡* Xw'‡a)*Š <(;
  +- ?>>=

RWF SVU ** *X‰*wRUV‰ <!*w«!XwRUV‰- " 



 J

ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

wN*‰ R*V '*V N)W ;UJ SJ;*X'*RV "Uw'UxRUV R


  J :


 
 ?  +
 , Ua!V‰Wb R* #U"UXW ^x* U! XUR 'UXUR ]'UX¡   R
- (
  + <(W ; +- ?>@M
     'Uˆ "Uw'UxRUV a^VJ "<X.V*JV^X*- SV !*w«!XwŠ
RUV‰< "N*V*)‰V"U ;U)RUˆ ^VXV‡ "Ww X.V*JV^X‡ " 

 J

    . ɯ
<J^V"U'- <J^V"U 'Ux*V !‡V‰ "‡UJ' ) RwŠ R
  J :

   
 J' VXN`URR‡' ) JV^)‰R‡'< RU *#U R* 'Ux*V R*     -
   $ !‡V‰‹ J^V"U UwNRW „˜˜O¡i< a^V*ˆRUˆ WXJUˆ Nx* (! B+ <(W
; +- ?>@M
  4 !" #  !" # ;'T)*VRUˆ X.V*JV^X‡< *N" ) U!RX^xVW ^<R
Nx* "U "X*'*RR‡. UUX^x*RW. JUVUX‡' Jw)U‰ !‡
('
;U)Ux*RU !‡V‰ VJU"‡'- _VU ^x #U"UXV‰ U<x)‰* ) U!Š

   
~*V"*RR‡. U!Ž*JV.b

ɭ ɮ ɯ

ƬǛnjǘǏǖǙǝǜǏnjǘǎǒǜǏǕǏǙǘǗǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƷǦǨƳǘǚǔNJ ƹǘǕǏ~ƯǍǘǟǘǑǩǒǗƮǖǒǜǚǒǓǁǏǚǏǙǔǘnjǚNJǑǝǖǗǘǗNJǡNJǕ
ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƫǏǕǘǍǘǕǘnjǛǔǒǓ ǛǎǏǕNJǕ ǚǒǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǥǓ ǟǘǎ ǛcǖNJǕǘǍǘcǷǛcNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjnƻǜǘǕǗNJǛǜǘ~ǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦ
ǎNJǕǔNJǐǎǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǒǖǩƿǘǎǚǒǛǔǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘ ǗǘnjǖǏǣNJǕǛǘǜǗǨǏǎǘǔǘnjǙǘǚǜNJǕnƫǚǏnjǗǘnjǑǚǥnj~njǥ
ǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǡǏǗǦǛǝNjǤǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǗǘǑNJǜǘǧǜǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜ ǍǕǩǎǏǕǔNJǔǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǕǏǗǗǘǏǖǍǗǘnjǏǗǦǏNJcNjǏǛǏǎǔNJnƴǝNjǘ
ǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǝcǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǛǜǦǘNjǚNJǑǗNJǩǛǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨ Ǐǎ~ǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǛǘNjǚNJǗǗǘǓǒǑNjǚǝǛǔǘnjǒcnjǘǑǎǝǟNJƼǘǏǛǜǦ
ǣNJǩƽcǗNJǛǒǖǏǗNJǎǘǖNJǖǜǘǐǏǎNJǨǜǗǘǎǏǕNJǨǜǧǜǘǎǏ ǒcǛcǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǦǨǒcǛcǒǖǏǗNJǖǒǜǝǜNjǥǕǘnjǛǏǟǘǚǘǢǘ
njǏǕǘǙǏǚǥǑNJǚNJǗǏǏǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǗǒǔNJǔǔǘǜƶNJǜǚǘǛǔǒǗ Ʒǘ ǁǏǚǏǙǔǘnj ǗǏ ǘǜǛǜǝǙǒǕ ǘǜ njǑǩǜǘǓ
ǑǗNJǨǜǡǜǘNjǥǡǜǘǗǒNjǝǎǦǙǚǘǎNJǜǦǗNJǎǘǡǜǘǗǒNjǝǎǦǗNJ ǙǕNJǗǔǒǒcǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǏǖǧǜNJǙǏǔǘǍǎNJǗNJǡNJǕǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ
ǑnjNJǜǦƬcǐNJǗǚǏǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǜNJǔǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǒǔNJǔǙǚNJ ǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǏǎǘǖNJƲcǏǛǕǒǙǏǚnjǥǓ nƴǘnjǡǏǍ~ ǘǗnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǕ
njǒǕǘǗǏǜǗǘǒǖǏǗǜǝǜǖNJǕǘǏǣǏǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǚǏǎǔǒǓ ǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǝǙǚǘǏǔǜǝǜǘǎNJǕǦǢǏǖǝǎǚǘǎǘnjǏǚǒǕ
ǎǘǖǜǩǗǏǜǗNJǘNjǚNJǑNJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǒcǗNJǒǖǩƬcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǎǘ ǎǏǕǘNJnjǜǘǚǝǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǟǑǎǏǢǗǒǟNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjƬǕNJǎǒ
ǖǘnjǛcǒǖǏǗNJǖǒǚNJǑǎnjNJǒcǘNjǡǏǕǛǩnƮǘǖǜǏǕǏǛǔǘǙ~ 20  ǖǒǚǝƴǝǑǦǖǒǗǝƴǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǜNJǔǐǏNjǝǎǝǡǒǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǘǖ
nƮǘǖǛǔNJǜ~ 29 nƴǒǗǘ~ 97 nǁǏǚǗǥǏǎǚǘǑǎǥ~ 85 ƲcǛǘ TEVI\GIPPIRGI ǜǚǏǜǦǏǎǏǛǩǜǒǕǏǜǒǏǖǝǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǗǏǜ
njǛǏǖǝǐǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǔǘǍǎNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǒǑǗNJǡNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǚǘ ǕǒǗǒǨǩǚǔǘǍǘnjǏǛǏǕǘǍǘǒcǘǚNJǗǐǏnjǘǍǘcǷǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘ
ǒǜǗǏǎǘǖǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǔNJǔǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǕǘnjǔǘǙǚǏǜǏǗǠǒǘǑǗǘ ǗNJǙNJǚǝǛcƬǕNJǎǘǖƻNJnjǒǗǔǒǗǥǖǗǘǑǎǏǛǦnjcnljǛǗǘƹǘǕǏ~
ǎNJǐǏƪcǡǏǍǘnjǘnjǛǏǗǒǔǘǍǎNJǗǏNjǥnjNJǕǘnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛ ǒcnjcǘǎǒǗǘǡǔǝƷǘǎǏǕǘNjǥǕǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǘǖǑNJ
ǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǷNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǘǓǙNJǞǘǛ ǎǘǚǏƴǝǑǦǖǒǗNJǗǘǒcnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǙǘǖǒǖǘnjǒǗǘǎǏǕǒǩǒcǛǥ
ǗǘǓǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜNJǕǒǛǜǛǔǘǓcǷǜNJǔǧǜǘnjǏǛǏǕǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑNJ ǚǘnjNJǚǏǗǒǩǁǏǚǏǙǔǘnjǚNJǑnjǘǎǒǜǕǘǢNJǎǏǓǒcǔǚǝǙǗǥǓǚǘ ǒcǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǏǗƴNJǐǎǥǓǧǜNJǐǛǖǘǜǚǒǜǗNJǚǝǐǝNjǘǕǦǢǒǖ
ƻǙǚNJnjǏǎǕǒnjǘǛǜǒǚNJǎǒǗNJǎǘǝǙǘǖǩǗǝǜǦ ǍNJǜǥǓǛǔǘǜƻǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏǧǜǒǟnjnjǘǎǗǥǟǙǚǒnjǏǕǘǔcǜǘǖǝ ǘǔǗǘǖ njǗǒǑǝǑNJǗǒǖǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ 
nƮǘǖǛcǡǏǕǘnjǏǡǏǛǔǒǖǕǒǠǘǖ~  ǎǒǑNJǓǗNjǨǚǘ3TIR ǡǜǘƴǝǑǦǖǒǗnjǥnjǏǕǗNJǜǝǕǦǛǔǒǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǚǥǠǏǕǘǏnǛǜNJ NJcǔcǙǘǕǝǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǙǘǎnjǏǢǏǗǥǎnjNJǢNJǚǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǥǟ
(IWMKRƴNJǐǎǥǓǏǍǘǞNJǛNJǎǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǕǛǘNjǘǓǛǖNJǓǕǒǔ ǎǘ~ƸǗǘnjǏǚǘǩǜǗǘǏǣǏǚNJǑǖǗǘǐǒǜǛǩǗǘǙǘǔNJǧǜǘǎǘǖ ǔǚǏǛǕNJǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǒǚǝǨǣǒǟǙǘǕǘnjǥǏǙǚǒǑǗNJǔǒƽcǔǘǚǘnj
ǛǘǛnjǘǒǖǗNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǏǖǍǕNJǑǔNJǖǒǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǒǔǚǝǍǕǥǏǘǔǗNJ NjǥǔǒcǎnjNJǎǘǖNJǔǘǚǘnjǥcǷǔǚǏǙǔǘǛǜǘǩǣǒǏǗNJnjǥǛǘǔǒǟ ǘǗǒǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǜǘǐǏǏǛǜǦǗǘǝǐǏnjcnjǒǎǏǍNJǖNJǔǘnjƴǘ
njǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǚǜǘǖcǷǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǙǏǚnjǘǍǘƬǏǛǏ ǒcǖǗǘǍǘǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǟǗǘǍNJǟǒǖǏǨǣǒǏǜNJǔǐǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǥǏ ǚǘnjNjǘǕǦǢǏǛNJǖǒǘǗǒǙǘǖǏǗǦǢǏǘǎǗǘǧǜNJǐǗǥǒcǒǖǏǨǜ
ǕǦǩǘǗǙǚNJnjǎNJǙǘǡǏǖǝǜǘǗǏǙǚǘNjǝǐǎNJǕǛǔǘǚǏǏǎNJǐǏ nǖǘǚǎǥ~ǙǩǜǗǒǛǜǥǏnǢǔǝǚǥ~ǍǕNJǑNJǒǕǕǨǖǒǗNJǜǘǚǥ ǚNJǑǗǝǨǚNJǛǠnjǏǜǔǝǔNJǔnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǒcǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǛǩƻNJǖǘǏ
ǙǝǍNJǕǗǘnjNJǐǗǘǜǘǡǜǘǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǢNJǍnjcǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǘǜǎǚǏǖǝ ǚǘǍNJǜǚǝNjǥǟnjǘǛǜǥǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǒcǏǣǏǔǘǏǔNJǔǒǏǙǚǒǖǏǜǥ ǐǏǝǨǜǗǘǏ ǒcǘǎǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǙǒǔNJǗǜǗǘǏ ǖǏǛǜǘcǷǧǜǘ
ǡǏǓǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǘǛǜǒǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕǒǛǏNjǏǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǥƮǘǖNjǥǕ ƷNJNjǘǚǘǛǘNjǏǓǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǛǕǏǍǔNJǢǘ njǟǘǎǘǗǘǚNJǗǐǏnjǥǓǒcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘnjǕǏǔǝǣǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜnjcnjǏ
ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏnjcǗǝǕǏnjǥǏǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ njǒǗǒǛǜǒǡǏǗǔNJǔǛǚNJǑǝǛǔNJǑNJǕǒNjǥnjcǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǟ ǡǏǚǗǏǏnjǚǏǖǩƼNJǔǡǜǘǧǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǛcǘNj
ǖǘǗǘǙǘǕǒǛǜǘǖǗNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǏǡǝǎǏǛNJǗǘnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒ ǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJǟǗǘǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǚǏNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǗƫǥǔ ǚNJǑǗǥǖǛǜǚǘǏǖǗǘǒcǛcǩǚǔǘnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǗǥǖǧǚǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖ
ǗǏǟǝcǗǏǍǘǙǘǩnjǒǕǛǩǔǘǗǔǝǚǏǗǜcǷǧǔǘǙNJǚǔnljǛǗǘ ǘǎǒǗǘǗǘǚNJǗǐǏnj ǞǒǚǖǏǗǗǥǓǠnjǏǜnƹǘǕǏƮǒǑNJǓǗNJ~ ǙǘǎǜǏǔǛǜǘǖǡǏǍǘǚǝǛǛǔNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǏǣǏǗǏǑǗNJǕNJ

290 
85.
|lW]nr\U^T_)`
 
#)"RUˆ wN_*ˆ !‡)U ";Š
V‰ NU' "<^~*V"^]Š


 
 

 ~* N*X*"‰W U.XR" .
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

   


  <;UN_*XJR^V‰ JXUV^ ;*XŠ
"UwNRRUˆ ;XXUN‡- ;U SVUˆ x* ;X_R*
   
  S<;IVEWT
"* NUXUxJ R ^_VJ.< SVU ;XW~*
   GHI;% V*XX‡ <'UV‡- <UNRUˆ VUXUR‡ _^x*Š
  % !" # XUNR‡* NU' X*wJU "‡N*)W]VW "U'

(' '"U' RU <NX^#Uˆ U"*Xa*RRU UXŠ


#R_RU )U"RU _¬XR‡* ;V`‡ ";‡"Š

   
]VW "<^~*V"^]~ˆ ;*ˆwx-

ɭ ɮ
ƹǘ ǒǎǏǏ ǧǜǒ ǎǘǖNJ nǎǚǘǑǎǥ~ ǙǚǒǕǏǜǏǕǒ njcnǎǚǘǑǎNJǟ~njǛǏǧǜǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦ ƹǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔNJnǎǚǘǑǎǘnj~ǙǚǏǎǛǔNJǑǝǏǖNJǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǘǔǘǚǒ
njǜǚǘǏǖ ǎǘǕǐǗǥNjǥǑNJnjǏǚǢNJǜǦǧǜǝǔǗǒǍǝ ǗǘǛǘǢǕǘǛǦǗNJǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǝǎNJǡǗǘ ǎǘǚǝǒǎǝǜNjǘǓǕǏǚǗNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǑNJǜǏǖǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗ
ƴǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǛǩǙǘǕǝǡǒǕNJǛǦǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔǚǝǛǛǔǒǏ ƻǕǘnjǗǘǔǜǘǜǘǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕnjǘǜ ǛǜnjǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǏǎǒǗǥǖǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩcǷ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǖǏǜǘǎǒǡǗǘǘǜǚǩǟNJǨǜǙǚNJǟǒǑNjǥ ǜNJǔnjǑǩǜǦǒcǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǛǘNjǚNJǜǦnjǛǏ ǒcǚNJǛǙNJǟǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖ ǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖ
ǛǘǛnjǘǒǟǗǘǍǒcǎnjǒǍNJǨǜǛǩnjǙǏǚǏǎǗNJƱNJǙNJǎ ǕǝǡǢǏǏǚNJǑǘǖƬǘǙǚǘǛǐǏǘcǙǕNJ ǧǜNJǐǏcǷǎnjǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǙǘǘNjǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǘǜǛNJǗǝǑǕNJ Ʒǘ
ƪcǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǛNJǖǥǏnǏnjǚǘǙǏǓǛǔǒǏ~ǎǘǖNJ ǍǒNJǜǏnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǘNjǛǝǐǎNJǜǦ ǎNJǐǏnjcǧǜǘǖǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǖǚǏǢǏǗǒǒǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǖǏǛǜǘǒǗ
njǘnjǛǏǓǔǗǒǍǏƸǡǏǗǦǛǜǒǕǦǗǥǏǘǡǏǗǦǛǘ njǘǘNjǣǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘNjǏǛǛǖǥǛǕǏǗ ǗǘnjNJǠǒǒǜǘǚǏǠǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗǏǛǙǕǘǢǦǗǏǎǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǗNJǩ
njǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏcǷǒcǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǒǡǏǍǘǘNjǣǏǍǘ ǗǘNJcǏǛǕǒǜNJǔǜǘǒcnjǛǏnjǥǢǏǙǏ ǛǜǏǗNJǛǘǑǎNJǏǜnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǝǨǜǗǥǓǝǍǘǕǘǔ ǔǝǎNJǛǚNJǑǝǕǘ
ǗǏǒǖǏǨǣǒǏǗǒǛcǒǑNjǘǓǗǒǎNJǐǏǛcǎNJǡǏǓ ǚǏǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǏǖǘǜǒnjǥǝǐǏǛǘǎǏǚ ǍǒǡǗǘnjǛǜNJǏǜǎǒnjNJǗ ƷNJǞNJǛNJǎǏǐǏǧǜǘǜǟǘǎǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǒǗ
ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘǗǒǝnjǏǚǏǗǗǘNJǔǔǝǖǝǕǒǚǝǨǜǗNJǚNJ ǐNJǕǒǛǦnjcǎǘǖǏƫǏǚǗNJǚNJƴnjǒǚǘ ǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜǚNJǛǜǚǝNjNJƮNJǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǓǚNJǛǜǚǝNjǏǛǜǦ
NjǘǜǔǒǛnjǘǒǟNjǕǒǑǔǒǟǙǚǏǎǢǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔǘnjcǷ ǒcƸǕǒnjǦǏƬǒǡNJǚNJǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǖ njcǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ7XYHMS7/0-1njcǩǙǘǗǛǔǘǓƷNJǍǘǓǏ  
nǎǚǘǑǎNJ~ǖǘǐǗǘǛǖǏǕǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦnǧǗǠǒǔǕǘǙǏ ǏǣǏnjccǍǘǎǝnjǘǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǘǖ ǗǘǜNJǖǘǔǗǘǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏNJcǜǝǜnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǏǗNJnjǛǏǎnjNJ
ǎǒǏǓǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ~ ƭǚNJǢǘƹǚǒǧǜǘǖƴnjǒǚǘǒcƬǒǡNJǚ ǧǜNJǐNJǒcǧǜǘǜǘǐǏǎNJǏǜǛǘnjǛǏǖǒǗǘǓǘNjǚNJǑ
ƸǗǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟ ǔNJǔǙǏǚnjǥǖǛǎǏ ǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǕǘǖNJǗǘǍǘǝǑǔǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJǗNJ ǡǏǛǜǗǘ ǑNJǩnjǕǩǨǜ ǡǜǘ NjǚNJǕǒ ǑNJ ƲǧǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǑǎǏǛǦǔǕǨǡǏnjǘǏǛǕǘnjǘ
ǕNJǕƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjnjcǔǚNJǛǗǥǟǍǘǛǜǏnjǥǟǎǘǖǒǔNJǟ 16  ǛǔǕǘǗǏNjǥǕǔǘǍǎNJǜǘǗNJǓǎǏǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒ ǘǛǗǘnjǝǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǒǙǚǒǜǠǔǏǚǘnj ƸNjǚNJǑǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǕǘǐǒǕǛǩcǷǒcǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǩǚǔǒǓ
ǒǖǏǏǜǙǘǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒnjǥǜǩǗǝǜǥǓǝǑǔǒǓǘNjǤǏǖ ǔNJǔ ǚǘǖƶǘǍǝǗǘnjǥǖnjcǙǚǘǏǔǜǏnƭǘǕǝNjǩǜ ǛǔǘǍǘǕNJǝǚǏNJǜNJƭǕǏǗNJƶǫǚǔNJǜǜNJȁ ǁǏǚǗǥǏǙǜǒǠǥǗNJNjǏǕǘǖǛǗǏǍǝƪcǜǘǡǜǘǎǕǩǛǘǑǎNJǗǒǩ
nƶǒǔǚǘǕǘǞǜ~ 58 ƲnjNJǗNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJ ǘǗǒǛǛǒǗǩǡǏǚ Ǘǩ~  cǷǝnjǥǗǏǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǘǖ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǗǏǜNJǔǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǘnǔǜǘ ǧǜǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑNJNjǥǕǘǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǘǖǗǘǍǘǠǒǜNJǜǜNJǔǧǜǘ
ǗǘǍǘ ǠnjǏǜNJ ǔNJǔǘnjǝǨ ǖǘǎǝ ǑNJnjǏǕ ƫǘǚǒǛ ƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒ ƴǘǍǎNJǠǒǜNJǜǜNJǔǖǗǘǍǘǒcnjǛǏǘǗǒǗNJǢǕǒ ɭ in{tes i†˜Oz- N  ǝcǔǘǍǘ~ǗǘnjNJǐǗǘǔǜǘǔǘǍǘǡǏǖǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǕǒcǝǕǝǡǢǒǕƼǏ ǗǏNjǏǎNJǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǖǏǟNJǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǒǟǛǘǏǎǒǗǏ
ǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǖ :30+%(%',% 45  Ǚǘ ǛǜǏǗNJǖc Ƿ ǟNJǚNJǔ ǛǏNjǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǏǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗǒǏnjǙǒǛNJǕǒǛǦnjcǘNjǣǒǓǘNjǚNJǑ <R  W% 
- ?>@@ ǐǏƴnjǒǚǘǛcƬǒǡNJǚǘǖNjǏǚǝǜǙǕNJǗǥƶǫǚǔNJǜǜNJǗǘǘǜǔǚǥ ǗǒǏNJcǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǔǘǏƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnƼNJǓǗǝǡǏǚ
ǜǏǚǗǥǓǚNJǑǗǘNjǘǓǘǔǘǗ ǔNJǔǝcLjǚǒǩƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗNJnjcǎǘǖǏ njǗǩǜǗǘǒcǜǘǡǗǘǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǢǦǡǜǘǧǜǘǝǐǏǗǏǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǘnjNJ ɮ " 

 '  - njNJǨǜǎǘǖǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǗǏǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǥǖǒǛǜǘǚǘǗNJǖǒǔNJǔǜǘǜ ǗǥǟǎǚǘǑǎǘnj~cǷǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǓǞǒǕǦǖcǍǘǎNJcǷnjǘǚǘǟ
njcƻǘǛǗNJǟ 11 ǍǕǩǎǒǜǗNJǖǒǚnǙǏǚǒǛǔǘǙǘǖ~ǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǘǍǘ ǗǒǏǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǚǏǖǒǗǒǛǠǏǗǠǒǩNJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǘǞǘǚǖǒnj # - ?>>M NJcǜǘǚǠNJǖǒƪcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǧǕǏǍNJǗǜǗǘǘǜǖǏǡNJǨǜǘNjǏǘǛǒ ǘǜǕǒǡǗǥǟNJǚǜǒǛǜǘnjǗǏǛǙNJǛƪcǜǝǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǚNJǑǏǛǜǦ
njǒǜǚNJǐNJ ǔNJǔǎǘǖLjǚǒǩƼǚǘǢǏnjNJ 49 ǎǘǖǒǔǒǛǘNjǚNJǗǥ ǢǒǓǛǩǜǚǏǗǎƲcǡǜǘǎǘǖǘnjǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǣǒǟǜǏǒǕǒǒǗǥǏ ǛnjǘǏǍǘǎǘǖNJǙǘǙǏǚǏǡǗǝǨcǷǘǔǗNJǖǒnjcǙǘǕǛcǘNjǏǒǟǛǜǘ ǗǘǎNJǐǏǒcǜNJǓǗNJcǷǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǗNJǖǚNJǛǔǚǥǜǦǗNJǎǏǏǖǛǩ
njcǛǜNJǓǔǒ ǔNJǔǜǏǐǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǏƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJ ƪcǘNjǚNJǑǒǖǏǗ ǒǑnjǥǢǏǙǏǚǏǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǟǙǚǒǖǏǜNjǝǎǏǜǏǣǏǖǗǘǍǘǗǘ ǚǘǗǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǝǨcǷǜǚǝNjǘǓǔNJǖǒǗNJǒcǑǏǗǒǜǗǥǖǘǔǗǘǖ ǎǘǔǘǗǠNJǜNJǔǒcǗǏǝǎNJǕǘǛǦ

292 
86.
&  ɭ N    

- *,$ 0
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ


 
  

  
 
 

   )   -%
  ' !" # *% !" #
('

   
 
)

ƬǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǗǏǜǙǘǡǜǒǗǒǘǎǗǘǍǘǙǚǒǖǏǚNJǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔ
ǠǒǒnjcǛǞǏǚǏǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǧǜǘǜǙǘǎǟǘǎǛǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǑNJ
ǜǚNJǜǗǥǖǒcNjǏǛǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjǗǥǖƭǘǚNJǑǎǘǎǏǢǏnjǕǏǙǚǘ
ǣǏǒcǗNJǎǏǐǗǏǏnjǛǏǛǗǏǛǜǒǒcǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǑNJǗǘnjǘƺǏǎǔǒǏ
ǏǏǛǕǝǡNJǒǛnjǩǑNJǗǥǒǕǒǛcǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǓǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǏǓ 44 
ǒǕǒǛcǛǏǗǜǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǖǒǡǝnjǛǜnjNJǖǒǟǘǑǩǏnj 33 ƸǎǗNJ
ǔǘnjcǘNjǘǒǟǛǕǝǡNJǩǟǖǥǒǖǏǕǒǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǏnjcǘǎǗǘǖǕǒǠǏ
ǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJƸNjǥǡǗǘǐǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǗǏnjǒǎǒǜ
ǎǕǩǛǏNjǩǙǏǚǛǙǏǔǜǒnjnjcǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǎǘǕǍǘǎǘǕǍǘǖǝ
ǡǒǜǦǛǩcǷǒcǗǏǞNJǔǜǡǜǘMGSRMGFYMPHMRKǙǘǕǝǡǒǜǛǩƱǎǏǛǦ
ǐǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǓǙǚǒǖǏǚǧǜǘǍǘǐNJǗǚNJǗǘǒcǔǚNJ
ǛǒnjNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǝǛǙǏǟNJǔNJǔǗNJǡNJnjǛcǖNJǕǘǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚ
ǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǎnjǒǍNJǕǛǩǔcNjǘǕǦǢǏǖǝ
ƷNJǡNJǕǘǛǦ ǐǏ njǛǏ Ǜc ǜǘǍǘ ǡǜǘ ƶNJǚǒǩ
ƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjNJ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǓ ǚǏǎNJǔǜǘǚ ǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJ ǛNJǖǘǏǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǡǜǘnjǛǏǧǜǘnjǖǏǛǜǏNjǝǎǝǡǒǛcǗǘǍǎǘǍǘ ǝǍǕǘnjǘǏǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏnjǏǚNJǗǎǥǙǘǎǙǘǚǗNJǩǛǜǏǗǔNJǜǏǚǚNJ
nƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnj~ǒcƻǏǚǍǏǓƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjǟǘǑǩǒǗǜǘǍǘ ǕǘnjǥǑNJǢǒǜǘnjcǎǏǚǏnjǘǘNjǚǏǕǘǔNJǔǝǨǜǘǗǏnjǏǚǘǩǜǗǝǨ ǛǥǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǛǜNJǕNJǛǔNJǖǏǓǔǘǓǒcǜcǎ
ǐǏǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǔǝǙǒǕǒǝǡNJǛǜǘǔnjcƼNJǚǝǛǏcǷǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǖ ǜǏǙǕǘǜǝǒcǘNjNJǩǗǒǏƹǚǏǐǗǒǓǎǘǖǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘNjǥǚNJǛǜNJ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǥǓ njǔǕNJǎ njc ǎǏǕǘ
ǎNJǡǗǘǖǖǏǛǜǏǖǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǘǓǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǠǒǒƷNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏ ǩǕcǷǟǘǜǩǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǎǏǕǏǗǒǔǝǎNJǗǏǎǏǕǛǩǒcǎNJǐǏǙǘǡ ǏǍǘǙǚǏǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǩnjǗǏǛǕǒǟǘǑǩǓǛǔǒǏnjǏǣǒǔǗǒǍǒ ǗǏ
ǛǜǘǩǕǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǛǜǚNJǗǗǥǓǒcǙǕǘǟǘǝǜǏǙǕǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ ǜǒǗǏǙǘǛǜǚNJǎNJǕ ǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǎnjǏǚǦǒǑǔǝǟǗǒnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨ ǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǒǑǎNJǗǒǩ  ǔNJǚǜǒǗǥ ǗǏ ǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ǛǗǏǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǗǘnjǥǏǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǗǏǑNJǟǘǜǏǕǒǗǘǒcǐǒǜǦ ǔǚǥǕǏǡǔǘǒcǜǏǚǚNJǛǔNJƷǝNJcǛcǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǘǓǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǒǕǠǏ ǙǚǘǚǝNjǒǕǒ NJcnjǘǘNjǣǏǙǘǎǗǘnjǥǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǛǎǏǕNJ ǎǚǝǑǏǓ ǖǏNjǏǕǦ ǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǜNJǚǒǗǗNJǩǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǛǜNJ
njcǗǏǖǗǏǖǘǍǕǒƼǘǍǎNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƮǝǗNJǏnjǗǏ ǕǝǨnjǏǚNJǗǎǝƬǗǝǜǚǒnjǏǚNJǗǎǥcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǏ ǕǒǗǘnjǥǏǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǥƮNJNJǛNjǏǛǜǘnjǝǨǜǚǝNjǝǙǘǎǙǒ ǚNJǩcǷnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏǒcǛNJǖNJǩǙǚǘǛǜǏǠǔNJǩ ƯǏǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǗǏ
ǕǘǖNJǩǔǚǥǢǒ ǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǜǚǘǍNJǩǍNJǑǘnjǝǨǜǚǝNjǝǢǏǎ ǚǏǙNJǎǘǖǝǚǘnjǗǩǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǛǩǛǘǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǔǗǒǐǗǥǖǒ ǚNJnjǢǝǨǔǚǥǢǝǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǑNJǖǏǗǒǕǒǗNJNjǚǏnjǗǘƷǘ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǔǝǙNJǨǜǗNJNjNJǚNJǟǘǕǔNJǟǗǘǒcǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǚǒǗǘǛǩǜ
ǢǝǨǙǘǎǗǏǓ ǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǑǩǕǒcǘNjǕǘǐǒǕǎǘǖǛǘnjǛǏǟǛǜǘ ǛǜǏǕǕNJǐNJǖǒǘǜǗǏǏǐǏǝǛǕǘnjǗǘǘǜǎǏǕǩǩǛǦ ǙǚǏǐǗǒǓǎǘǖNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǑNJǜǖǒǕǒnjǛǏǧǜǒǖǏǕǔǒǏnjǚǘǎǏ ǛcǝǕǒǠǥcǷǔNJǔǔǚǏǛǕǘǟǍǘǎǘnj ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǚNJnjǎNJ
ǚǘǗǗǘnjǥǖǒǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǖǒƹǚǒNjNJnjǒǕǛcǘǎǗǘǍǘNjǘǔNJcǷ ƬǗǝǜǚǒǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƮǝǗNJǏnjǜǘǐǏnjǛǏ NjǥǎǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǎǏǕNJǗǥǛcǚǏǎǔǒǖnjǗǒǖNJǗǒǏǖ NjǥǕǘǑNJǗǘnjǘǘNjǒǜǘ ƷǘnjǏǣǏǓNjǥǕǘǖǗǘǍǘcǷǔNJǔǔǘ
ǙǘǕǝǡǒǕNJǛǦǝǨǜǗǏǓǢNJǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩƮǘNjNJnjǒǕǛcǎǚǝǍǘǍǘ ǙǏǚǏǒǗNJǡǒǕǝnjǏǕǒǡǒǕǔǝǟǗǨǒǑǜǚǏǟǗǏǝǎǘNjǗǥǟǛǙNJ ǔcǎǏǜNJǕǩǖǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗNJǩnNjNJǕǨǛǜǚNJǎNJ~ǘǎǗǘǍǘǔǚǥǕǏǡǔNJ ǗǏǡǗǘǒcǎǚǝǑǏǓ ǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓǒcǎǚǝǐǗǘǓ
NjǘǔNJcǷnjǥǢǕǘǔǚǥǕǏǡǔǘƻcǜǚǏǜǦǏǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥcǷǏǣǏ ǕǏǗǛǎǏǕNJǕǎnjǏǝǎǘNjǗǥǏǒǑǘǎǗǘǍǘǛNJǗǝǑǕNJcǷǎnjNJƷǘ ǙǏǚǞǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǗNJǩǛǜǏǗǘǡǔNJǎǚǝǍǘǍǘǡǝǜǦǝǜǘǙǕǏǗǗǘǏ ǛǏǖǦǏǛNJǖǒǟƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjǥǟ ǒcnjǛǏǖNjǥǛǜǚǘǛǜNJǕǘ

294 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ɮ
ǜǏǛǗǘƼǘǍǎNJǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǒǔǚǏǢǒǕǒǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǍǘǛǜǏ N  N$  V
njǥǖ NJc ǚǩǎǘǖ ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ǗǘnjǥǓ Ʒǝ ǒc ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ <  a- @HH=
ǙǘǛǕǏ ǛǜǘǕǦ ǝǛǙǏǢǗǘǓ ǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǗǘnjǘǍǘ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǗǏǒǛǔNJǕǒ
ƹǚNJnjǎNJǗNJǛǡǏǜǘNjǚNJǑNJNjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘ
ǎǘǖNJǛǙǘǚǥNjǥǕǒƿǘǑǩǏnjNJǟǘǜǏǕǒǎǏǚǐNJǜǦǛǩǎǝǟNJ
ǖǏǛǜNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǕǡǜǘǜǘNjǘǕǏǏǜǏǟǗǘ
ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǏƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǘǛǦǗǏǡǜǘǛǘnjǏǚ
ǢǏǗǗǘǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǏcǷǛǘNjǚNJǗǗǘǏnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǒǑǜǚNJ
ǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjǗǘnjcǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǘǖǙǘǚǩǎǔǏ
ƱNJnǎNJǡǗǘǛǜǦ~ǘǜnjǏǡNJǏǜǖǏǕǔNJǩǚNJǛǛǜǏǔǕǘnjǔNJǘǔǘǗ
ǒcǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǏǔǚǘnjǕǒǑNJǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦcǷǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗǘ ƬǘǘNjǣǏǜǘǒcnjcǛNJǕǏǖǛǔǘǖǎǘǖǏƮǐǘǗNJ
ǙNJǚǩǣǒǏǔǚǥǕǦǠǘǒcǧǚǔǏǚƷǘǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǟǒǜǚǘǛǜǦǔǘǖ ƼǫǚǗǏǚNJ  ǍǎǏǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǏǚǘǖNJǗNJǒcnjcǎǘǖǏ
ǙǘǑǒǠǒǒnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǜǏǕǘǎǘǖNJǞǕNJǗǔǒǚǝǨǜǎnjNJǚǒǑNJǕǒ ƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjǥǟǧǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǣǒǙǠǥNJcǗǏǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǥǗǘ
ǜNJǙǘǎǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǒǛǔNJǜǗǥǖǒǔǚǘnjǕǩǖǒƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJ ǒǟnjǛǏnjǚǏǖǩǙǝǜNJǨǜǃǒǙǏǠcǷǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǏǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǏ
ǜǏǝcǎǘǖNJǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǠǏǕǥǟǡǏǜǥǚǏǣǒǙǠNJcǷnjǛǏǍǘǗNJ ǞNJǛNJǎNJǎǘǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǏcǷnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJcǷǗǏǘǜ
ǜǚǒǖǏǗǦǢǏǡǏǖǝcǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǍǘnƮǘǖNJǘcǛǏǖǒǞǚǘǗǜǘ ǛǏǡǏǗǘǘǜǛǜǏǗǥǔNJǚǗǒǑǘǖƸNjǥǡǗǘǧǜǘǘǜǚNJǐNJǏǜǛǜǚǝǔ
ǗNJǟ~ǒǑǘǎǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǚǘǖNJǗNJƷNJǜNJǗǒǧǕǩƭǘǜǘǚǗNJ   ǜǝǚǝǑǎNJǗǒǩǣǒǙǏǠǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǏǜǡǜǘǑNJǗǒǖcǷǐǒǕǘǏ

296 
ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǐǏǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǒcǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǖ
ƲcnjnjǘǎǩǧǜǒǚǒǑNJǕǒǜǥǛǘǣǒǙǠNJǖǒƮǝǗNJǏnjǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘ
ǜǒnjǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǘǓǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǜǒnjǗǘǓǘǛǒǎǘǖNJ

 
.UwWˆJ Xw^ Jw) _VU .U_*V VU _*#U<R*<!‡Š
"*VF JU'TUXVR^] U"X*'*RR^] ; UVXUˆJ^ JUŠ
87.
* 
ǘǛǦǚǏǕNJǔǛNJǠǒǘǗǗǝǨǖǏǎǒǜNJǜǒnjǗǝǨǗǘǒcǛǘǑǎNJǏǜ VUXW "‡#)WNV VJ !^NVU VUV V^V ^x* N"RU- 
 

ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǑNJǣǒǙǠNJǖǒǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǥǏǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩƸǗǒǟǘǚǘǢǒ RU '‡ ;X*N)Ux) ;XU*JV U_*V]~ˆ "<*!* U"X*'*RŠ  


 +  ,
ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnjǥǛǘǜǘǓǙǘǜǘǕǔǘnjǗǘǒcǔNJǔǒǖǜǘǙǘǡǜǒ R‡* <VXN`URR‡* X*a*RW- Ra*ˆ `*)‰] !‡)U R*<VU)‰Š
   &   

ǍǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǖcǷnjcǜǏǟǖǏǛǜNJǟǍǎǏnjǛǜǚǏ JU ;UVXUV‰ "‡XwV*)‰RU* <VU_J wX*RW X.V*JV^XRUˆ
ǡNJǨǜǛǩǎnjNJǎnjǝǛǔNJǜNJƷǘǧǜǘǘǡǏǗǦǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǍǘǜǒǔNJ JUR`*;` wNR* RU <N*)V‰ *#U _V‰] ^~*V"^]~*ˆ     $

ǘǗNJnjǛǩǛǙǕǘǢǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJcǛnjǘǎǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǔcǜǘǖǝ VUX_*JUˆ X*N‡- ) GK;$>IL:KFELFJ
ǐǏǙǘǎǙǒǚNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǘǏNjǚǏnjǗǘ   * !" #
ƹǘǎǣǒǙǠNJǖǒǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǨǜǛǩǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǏ
(%
ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒNJcnjcǕǘǎǐǒǒǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǘǍǘǣǒǙǠNJǛcnjǒǎǘǖnjcǛǜǘ

  

  & 
ǚǘǗǝƸǔǒcǷǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩLJǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǛNJǖǘǏǘǚǒǍǒ
ǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǎǘǖNJǘǗǘǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǍǕǝNjǘǔǘǎǕǩ ƬǗǝǜǚǒ ǜǘǜ ǐǏ ǧǞǞǏǔǜ ǙǘǎǔǚǏǙǕǩǏǜ
ǕǘǎǐǒǒǗǘǒcǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǚNJǛǙNJǟǗǝǜǘǎǕǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǥƹǘǎ ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJcǷǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǝǑǔNJǩǗǘǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖǒǙǝǛǜǘǜNJ
ǛǖǘǜǚǏǕǒǐǏǧǜǝǒǎǏǨǟǘǑǩǏnjNJnjcǎǘǖǏǖǝǑǏǏǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘ ǖǒnjǘǔǚǝǍNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏƬǛǏǧǜǒ
ǍǘǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJNJǗǒǖNJǕǒǛǜNJƬNJǛǒǕǒǩƬNJǜNJǍǒǗNJ ǡǏǓnjǗǝǔ ǙǝǛǜǘǜǥǑNJǢǒǜǥǜǏǖǐǏǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǒcǝǔǚNJǢǏǗǥǔNJǚǜǒǗNJ
ǒcǛǘǛǏǎƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjǥǟǙǘƼNJǚǝǛǏǗNJǚǒǛǘnjNJǕǛǜǒǕǦ ǖǒǙǏǚnjǘǏǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǘǜǕǒǡǗǥǖǞǘǗǘǖǎǕǩnjǜǘǚǥǟ ǟǘǜǩ
ǗǥǓǙǘǚǜǚǏǜǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǎǘǖNJǝǔǚNJǢNJǨǣǒǓǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨ  ǛǗNJǡNJǕNJǟǘǑǩǓǔNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏǛǘǖǗǏnjNJǕNJǛǦǒcǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǕNJ
ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǙǚǒǎNJǕǕǘǎǐǒǒǘNjNJǩǗǒǩǘNjǢǒnjǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǙǘǔǚNJǛǒǜǦǛǜǏǗǥNjǏǕǥǖ ƷǘǙǘǐNJǕǝǓǏǣǏǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǏǏ
ǒcnjǗǝǜǚǒǘǎǗǒǖǒcǜǏǖǐǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘǖcǷǛǘǛǜNJǚǏǗǗǘǓ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜǜǘǜǐǏǞǘǗnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǍǎǏǗNJǛǠǏǗǝnjǥǟǘǎǒǜ
ǛǘǛǗǘnjǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓƯǨǘNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗǒcnjǏǛǦǎǘǖǗǘƮǝǗNJ ǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩ ǛǜNJǚǥǟ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǛǜǝǕǦǏnj njǛǏc Ƿ ǚNJǑ
ǏnjnjǘnjǚǏǖǩǙǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǡǜǘǜNJǔNJǩǍǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǘǛǜǦNjǝ ǗǥǏ ǒcNjǝǞǏǜcǷǍǚǝNjǘnjNJǜNJǩǔǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔNJǩǙǘǎǎǏǕǔNJǙǘǎ
ǎǏǜǒǑNjǥǜǘǡǗǘǓǒcnǛǙǝǛǜǒǕ~ǗNJǞNJǛNJǎǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǔǚǥǢǒ nNjNJǚǛǔǝǨ~ǖǏNjǏǕǦƬǘǜǜǝǜǜǘǖǗǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǘǜǜǏǗǔǘnj
ƸǔǚǝǐǒnjǎnjNJǘǔǗNJǧǜǒǖǛǒǗǏnjNJǜǥǖǔǚǘnjǏǕǦǗǥǖǖNJǜǏ ǒcǞNJǔǜǝǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǒcǜǘǍǘǐǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩ
ǚǒNJǕǘǖ ǒcǛǘǘǜǗǏǛǩǏǍǘǛcǠnjǏǜǘǖǘǔǘǗǗǥǟǙǏǚǏǙǕǏǜǘnj  njcǠǏǕǝǨǛǒǖǞǘǗǒǨnjcǔǘǜǘǚǝǨnjǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩǒcǗǘnjǥǓNJǛǔǏ
NJnjǜǘǚǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǧǞǞǏǔǜǛǕǘǐǗǘǍǘǖǗǘǍǘǛǘǛǜNJnjǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǜǒǡǗǥǓǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǓǗNJǑNJǔNJǑǛǜǘǕǒcǎNJǐǏǔǝǟǗǩǒǑ-/)%
ƷNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜǒcǘǔǗNJcǷǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚNJǑǗǘǍǘǚNJǑ ǒcNjǏǕNJǩǔǝǟǘǗǗNJǩǙǕǒǜǔNJcǷnjǛǏǧǜǘǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǍNJǚǖǘǗǒ
ǖǏǚNJǗǘǒcǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǏǛǩǗNJǚNJǑǗǘǓnjǥǛǘǜǏǎǘǖǛǜǘǒǜ ǚǝǏǜǛcNJǗǍǘǚǛǔǘǓǛǘǛǗǘǓƪcnjNJǗǗNJǩǗNJnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏcǷ
ǗNJǚǏǕǦǏǞǏ ǘNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǥǓǙǚǒǖǏǚǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǩǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǔǏǚNJǖǒǔǒ

ƼǚǝǎǗǘǗNJǓǜǒnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǨNjǘǕǏǏǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡ ǕNJnjǔNJǖǒǔNJǔǖǘǛǜƺǒNJǕǦǜǘ  ǐǒǕǦǏǖcǷǔNJǔǖǘǛǜ


ǗǝǨǡǏǖǖǘǛǜƴNJǔǜǚǝǎǗǘǗNJǓǜǒǗǏǔǚNJǛǒnjǥǓǖǘǛǜ ǟǘǜǩ ƹNJǕǜǗǒnjcƫNJǜǏ  ǒǕǒǎNJǐǏǢǘǔǘǕNJǎǗǘǓǞNJNjǚǒǔǘǓcǷ
ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnjcǛǏǖǦǏǗǏNjǏǑǝǚǘǎNJcǷnjǑǩǜǦǟǘǜǦnǟǚǝǛǜNJǕǦ ǔNJǔnjcƷǝNJǑǦǏ  ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǑNJǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǩǛǦǖǘǛǜǜǏǚǩǕ
ǗǝǨǛNJǚǎǏǕǦǔǝ~ǖǘǛǜNJnƫNJǍǚNJǜǒǘǗ~ ƶǘǛǜǥNjǥǕǒǙǚǏ ǜǝǝǙǚǝǍǘǛǜǦǕǒǗǒǒǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǕNJǏǖǝǧǜǝNjǏǑ
ǔǚNJǛǗǥnjǛǏǍǎNJcǷǡǜǘǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǏǡǜǘǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǏǡǜǘǎǏ ǝǛǕǘnjǗǝǨǔǚNJǛǘǜǝƷǘǑNJǜǘnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǕǘǗǘnjǘǏǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǘcǷ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏ ǗNJƺǝǛǛǔǘǖƻǏnjǏǚǏǒǟǏǣǏǛcǙǩǜǘǔǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦ  ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǡǜǘǎǘǖNJǗNJǖǘǛǜǝǙNJǚǩǜ
ǡǜǘǙǏǢǏǟǘǎǗǥǏǡǜǘNJnjǜǘǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǥǏǡǜǘǖǏǜǚǘǖǘǛǜǥ ƲǟǘǜǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǎNJnjǗǘ
ƪcǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥǖǘǛǜǥǘNjǒǜNJǏǖǥǏǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǗǥǏ ǝǐǏǙNJǚǒǜǒcNjǏǑǙǘǖǘǣǒǖǘǛǜǘnjǑǘǎǡǒǏǙǏǚǒǘǎǒǡǏǛǔǒ

298 
ɭ R
  !  -  & 
N P   <R - N)W V"UX_*V" !wR* ) U!~*#U Xw"VW
2010 "*#N "xRU "‡.UNV‰ w X'J ;X"‡_RU#U-
  ! 
 "<;UJ. RU"‡. U~^~*Rˆ '‡ N*' "<#UX‡
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  ^
- #  <B - ;*X*;)‡"*' UJ*R‡ ")]!)W*'W UVJX‡"*' RU"‡* w*'Š
1987 ) <""Ww‡"*'W "<"RV]XR‡* ;XJ)]_*RW- SVUV ;XUŠ

ɯ †knm{nsmpe ikmk–e ­ *JV V) "‡wU"U' N)W R <R*UxNRR‡' X*a*R*' N)W

qmmsoeknfm- N  <U 
 wJw_J- N*W "VUXU#U NU' R ^_VJ* VXRTUX'XUŠ
W% 
- ?>@> ")‰ "<#X^ N*X*"WRRUˆ JURVX^J` U*NR"a*ˆ N"
!*X*#-

ɯ
njǘǑnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩǔcǒǎǏǏǘNjǒǜNJǏǖǘǍǘǖǘǛǜNJLJǎnjǒǗƵNJǡǏǗǛ ǡǒǛǜǘǜNJǏǏǚǏNJǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǚNJǑǗǘǓƸNjǣǒǖǐǏ  1:6(:cǷNJǚǔǝ ǚǥǗǘǔnjcƺǘǜǜǏǚǎNJǖǏ 
njcǖǎǏǕNJǏǜǙǚǘǏǔǜǔNJǚǜǒǗǗǘǓǍNJǕǏǚǏǒǗNJǖǘǛǜǝ NjǥǕǘǜǘǡǜǘnjǛǏǘǗǒcǷǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǡǜǘǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǚNJǛ ƹǘǎǘNjǗǥǏǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǛǕǘnjNJnjcǙǚǏǎǕǘ
njcƮǝNjǕǒǗǏnjccǍǘǎǝƺǧǓǖǘǗǎƿǝǎǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǏǜǛnjǩǑNJǜǦ ǛǖNJǜǚǒnjNJǜǦǔNJǔǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓnjǔǕNJǎnjcǜǚNJ ǐǏǗǒǏǔNJǔǗNJǑnjNJǕǧǜǘǁNJǚǕǦǑƮǐǏǗǔǛ ǑNJǔǘǗǘǖǏǚǗǘ
ƶNJǗǟǧǜǜǏǗǛcǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǩǖǒǎǏǛǩǜǔNJǖǒǖǘǛǜǘnjǡǦǒǖǒ ǎǒǠǒǨǗǒǘǎǒǗǒǑnjǥǢǏǙǏǚǏǡǒǛǕǏǗǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǖǘǛǜǘnj NjǥǕǒǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǝcǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǘnjNJcǔǝǕǦǜǘnjNJǩ
ǘǙǘǚNJǖǒǛǜNJǕǒNjǥǐǒǕǥǏǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǥnjcǜǘǖǐǏǍǘǎǝ ǧǜǘǍǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǗǏǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕ  ǔǗǒǍNJƮǐǏǗǔǛNJǎNJǐǏǒcǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǚǒǛǝǗǔǘǖǘǜ
ƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǝǏǜǖǘǛǜǍNJǚNJǐǡǏǚǏǑƻǏǗǝNJcǛǙǝ ƹǏǚnjǥǓǎǘǖǖǘǛǜ 21 ǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǔNJǔǚNJǑ ǎǏǕǦǗǘnjǑǩǜǘǍǘǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJƷǘƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǗǏǙǥǜNJ
ǛǜǩǕǏǜƻǜǒnjǏǗƿǘǕǕǙǚǏǎnjǘǛǟǒǣNJǏǜǗǦǨǓǘǚǔǛǔǒǓ ǘǎǒǗǒǑnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~cǷƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǎǘǖǎǏǓǛǜnjǒ ǏǜǛǩǒǍǚNJǜǦǛǘǛǖǥǛǕNJǖǒcǷǘǗǛǝǍǝNjǘǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǡ
,MKL0MRIǙǚǘǏǔǜǘǖnƶǘǛǜǎǘǖǘnj~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǒǎǏǜǙǘǑNJ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǏǚǏNjǚǘǢǏǗǛcǘǎǗǘǍǘǔǚNJǩǘnjǚNJǍNJǗNJǎǚǝǍǘǓ ǗǘǒcǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒ
NjǚǘǢǏǗǗǥǖǙǝǜǩǖǁǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǏǗǧǜǘǜǖǘǜǒnj ǙǚNJnjǎNJǏǍǘǙNJǚǏǗǒǏǡǝǜǦǚǏǎǝǠǒǚǘnjNJǗǘǜǏǖǡǜǘǙǘǎ ǗǘǗNJnjǥǟǘǎǏǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜ
ǒcǝcǗNJǢǒǟnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǛcƲǕǦǏǓ ǑǎNJǗǒǏǖǕǏǐǒǜnǙǏǗNJǕ~NjNJǛǛǏǓǗNJǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǘǗǘǡNJ ƹǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǏǓǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǨǜǞǘǚ
ƽǜǔǒǗǥǖnjǑǎǥǖNJǨǜNJǚǔǘǓǖǘǛǜǙǕǘǜǗǘǑNJNjǒǜǥǓǐǒǕǦǏǖ ǛǜǒǡǗǘǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩƬǜǘǚǘǓǎǘǖǖǘǛǜǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏ ǖǝǛnjǘǏǍǘǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǘǍǘǜǚǏǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJnjcƸǍNJ
 LjǚǒǓƪnjnjNJǔǝǖǘnjǎǏǕNJǏǜǚNJǑnjǕǏǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǖǘǛǜ ƷNJǑNJǚǦǏnjǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǓƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnj  ǘǗǜǘǐǏǕǏǐǒǜǗNJǎ ǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝnǘNjǣǏǛǜnjNJǙǏǚǏǐǒnjNJǗǒǩ~#ƷNJǜǘǐǏǚNJNjǘǜNJ ǔǒ  ǩǙǘǗǛǔǒǏǑǘǎǡǒǏǒǑNjǨǚǘ/EXWYXSWLM7EWEOMǒǟ
nƴǚNJǛǗNJǩǍǘǚǔNJ~  NJcƶǒǟNJǒǕƵNJNjNJǑǘnjǛcƪǗǎǚǏǏǖ ǘnjǚNJǍǘǖǕǒǢǦǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǘǖǍǎǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǥ ǏǜǒcǜǘǜǞNJǔǜǡǜǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǎǘǖNJǛǖǏǕǏǏǡǏǖǝcƫǏǕǘ ǎǘǖǛǜǏǕǏǜǛǩnjcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǒǛcǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǏǖǎǝǨǣǒǟ
ǁǏǕǦǠǘnjǥǖǑNJǛǏǕǩǨǜnƶǘǛǜnjǒǚǜǝNJǕǘnj~ǗNJǎǝnjǗǥǖǒ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǛcǝǑǔǒǖǒǘǔǗNJǖǒNJcǛǔǚǏǙǕǏǗNJǔNJǚǔNJǛǗNJǩǔǘǗ ǝǛǘnjNJǎǏǚǐNJǜǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏ ǒcǔǚNJǛǒnjǘǙǏǚǏǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǨǜ ǜNJǖnjǏǜǚǘnjƷǘǘǗǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǑǏǖǕǏǒcǜNJǔǘǍǘǙǘ
ǐǒǕǥǖǒǩǡǏǓǔNJǖǒ   ǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǒǚNJǛǔǘǛNJǖǒƲcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǎǘ ǞNJǛNJǎ ǗǏǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǏNJcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǚNJǛǔǘǛǥƬNJǐǗǘǡǜǘ ǧǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜNJǔNJǔǝcƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJǗǏǎǘǛǜǒǍNJǏǜ
ƷǒǘǎǒǗǒǑǧǜǒǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǘǛǝǣǏǛǜ ǙǘǕǗǘǍǘNjǕǏǛǔNJǎǘnjǏǕǒǎǏǨƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjcǷǡǜǘǗǏ ǧǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǏǎǒǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǗǏǎǘǖǗNJǖǘǛǜǝ ǔNJǔ ƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǏǍǘǎǘǖǖǘǛǜǏǣǏǒcNjǘǕǏǏǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǏǗǡǏǖ
njǕǏǗǗǏNjǥǕƲcnjǎǚǝǍcǷǝǐǏnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǟǍǘǎǘnjcǷ ǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǘǗǝǐǏǗǏǘǎǗǘǔǚNJǜǗǘNjǒǕǛǩǛcǑǏǖ njcǛǜNJǚǒǗǝ NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǘǖǖǘǛǜƷǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǖNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎ ǙǚǏǎǢǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǔǒǘNjǤǏǖǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǛcǘNjǏǒǟ
ǛǚNJǑǝǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǚǝǛǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǕǒ ǗǥǖǜǩǍǘǜǏǗǒǏǖǜǘnƶǘǛǜǘǖnjcǗǒǔǝǎNJ~ ƭǚǏǠǒǩ  ǗǘǖǡǝnjǛǜnjǏǙǘǕǏǜNJǞǘǚǖNJǎǘǖNJnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗ ǛǜǘǚǘǗƻcǘǎǗǘǍǘNjǘǔNJnjcǎǘǖǏnjǥǚǏǑNJǗNJǙǝǛǜǘǜNJǕǘ
ǒǎǏǨǎǘǖNJǖǘǛǜNJƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǧǜǘNjǥǕǒǗǏǖǘǛǜǥǎǘǖNJ ǜǘnƶǒǔǚǘǕǘǞǜǘǖ~ 58   NJcǜǘǒcnjǘnjǛǏǘǜǙǚNJnjǕǩǕ ǗǘǓǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩƸǎǗNJǔǘǐǏǒcǎǘǖNJǔNJǔǜNJǔǘnjǘǍǘ ǍǒǡǗǘǛǜNJnjǢNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ ǙǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǝǛǔnjǘǑǦǗǏǏǏǣǏ
NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǎǘǖNJǖǘǛǜǥǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǙǏǚǏǙǚNJnjǥǛcNjǏǚǏǍNJǗNJ ǎǘǖnjcǙǘǕǏǜǗNJnjǏǚǜǘǕǏǜǏ 89    ǙǘǎǗǏǓǙǘǡǜǒǗǏǜǧǜǘǙǘǛǝǜǒǞǚǘǗǜǘǗǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒnjǢǒǓ ǒcǙǚǘǚNJǛǜNJǕǘǎǏǚǏnjǘ ƻǙNJǕǦǗǩcǷǗNJNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒǔcǗǏǓ
NjǏǚǏǍǗǏNjǥǕNJnjcǗǒǟǗNJǛǝǣǗǘǓƴNJǔǗǏNjǥǕǘǒcǘǛǜǚǘǓ ƯǍǘǎǘǖǛǜǘǒǜǗǏǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓǔNJǔǎnjNJ ǛǩnjcǑǎNJǗǒǏƹǚǒǏǖǒǖǏǏǜǙǘǎǛǘNjǘǓNjǘǕǦǢǝǨǒǛǜǘǚǒǨ njǏǎǏǜǙǚǒǛǜNJnjǗNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJƪǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǐǏnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǗǏ
ǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǘǜǚǥnjNJǜǦǧǜǒǎǘǖNJǘǜǑǏǖǕǒƼNJǔǡǜǘnjǛǏ ǙǚǏǎǥǎǝǣǒǟǎǘǖNJǖǘǛǜNJNJcǗNJǎnjǘǎǘǓǁǜǘǙǘnjǥǢNJǏǜ ƪǎǘǕǦǞƵǘǘǛǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǕnjcǑǎNJǗǒǏǔǘǕǘǗǗǝ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǚǏ ǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǒcǔǝǟǗǩ
ǘǗǒNjǥǕǒnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏǖǡǒǛǜǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǒǎǏǒ ǜǘ ǍǚNJǎǝǛǙNJǚǏǗǒǩNJcǜNJǔǐǏǒcǍǚNJǎǝǛǚǒǛǔNJcǷǡǜǘnjcǛnjǘǨ ǎNJǔǠǒǒ'LMGEKS8VMFYRI ǞǒǗǗǥ,YXXYRIR0MTEWXM ƪcnjcǙǚǒǔǚǥǜǘǓǡNJǛǜǒnǞǚǘǗǜǘǗNJ~ǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǗNJǢǕǒǛǏNjǏ
ǏǛǜǦǙǚǩǖǥǖǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖǚNJNjǘǜnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ ǟǘǜǩ ǘǡǏǚǏǎǦ ǘNjǘǛǜǚǩǏǜ ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǩc Ƿ NJc ǡǜǘ ǏǣǏ ǗǝǐǗǘ 4EOOERIR%VGLMXIGXWcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ njǒǕǕNJ1IGOPMRnjcƼǝǚǔǝ ǖǏǛǜǘǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǒcǍǘǛǜǏnjǘǓǘǜǛǏǔ

300 

30
3 02
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ
Ǜǘ
Ǜ
Ǜǘnj
ǘ
ǘnjnjǚǏ
ǚǏǖ
ǚ Ǐ ǖǏǗ
Ǐǖ ǏǗǗ
Ǐ Ǘ
ǗǗǗǥǓ ǚǝ
 ǚǝ
ǚǝ
ǝǛǛǛǔ
Ǜǔǒ
Ǜǔǒ
ǔǒǓ
ǎǏǚ
ǎ
ǎǏǏǚǏ
Ǐǚ Ǐnjnjǩ
nj ǩ ǗǗǥ
ǗǥǓ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ Ǔǎ
ǎǘǖ
ǎ ǘǖ
+ 
ɮ
88.


 
   
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

 +    ,


  
   
2
  -4 !" #
('

   &.

ɭ S   
 ?- ɭ

S
B

ɮɯ S   
 @-

U/
 
 %  %
v$

ɰ S   
 I-


ƹǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǦ ǔǝǚǘǚǜNJ nƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ǗǏ ǎNJnjNJǕNJ Ǚǘǔǘǩ


ǖǗǘǍǒǖ ǔǘǗǔǝǚǏǗǜNJǖ Ǘǘ ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǜǘǕǦǔǘ ƶNJǚǔ ƴNJ
ǍNJǗǛǔǒǓǙǘnjǏǚǒǕnjcǜǘǡǜǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǒǍǚNJǕNJnjcǧǜǘǖ
njNJǐǗǝǨǚǘǕǦƲcnjcǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏǟǍǘǎǘnjǚǏǢǒǕǛǎǏ
ǕNJǜǦ ǔǝǚǘǚǜ nƴǘǗNJǔǘnjǘ~ ǛǘǙǏǚǗǒǔǘǖ nƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ Ǚǘ
ǧǜǘǓǡNJǛǜǒƷǘǏǛǕǒƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƯǐǔǘnjǛǘNjǒǚNJǕnjcnƹǒ
ǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǨǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǘǖǘnjǗǘǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘ
ǚǘnj ǑǎǏǛǦǛǜǚǘǒǕǒƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǒcƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƪnjnjNJǔǝǖǘnj
ǒcƵǥǑǕǘnjƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǒcnƪǚǜƫǕǩ~ ǜǘƴNJǍNJǗǛǔǒǓǛǎǏǕNJǕ
ǛǜNJnjǔǝǗNJǘǎǒǗǎǝǧǜƮǘnjǏǚǒnjǏǖǝǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔ
ǜǝǚǝǗǘǒcǍǏǗǙǕNJǗǒcNjǕNJǍǘǝǛǜǚǘǓǛǜnjǘ
ƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍǒcƹǏǜǚƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnj
ǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǒnjǖǏǛǜǏǏǣǏǛcǟǍǘǎǘnjƼǘǍǎNJǛǘǨǑǎnjǝǟ
NJnjǜǘǚǘnjNjǥǕǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǗǘǚǖǘǓǗǘǒcǑǗNJǔǘǖǑnjǏǑǎǥ
ǗǘnjǘǓǡNJǛǜǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƬǏǕǒǡǔǒǗǒcƭǘǕǘnjNJǗǘnj
ƪǓǚNJǙǏǜǘnjǒcƺǘǖNJǗǘnjƫǥǔǘnjǒcƴǘǡNJǗǘnj ǙǚǒǛǩǍNJǕǒǗǏ
ɯ ɰ
nǖǘǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǛǔǘǓ~ǛǒǛǜǏǖǏǘǚǍNJǗǒǑNJǠǒǒǜǚǝǎNJNJcǛǔǘ ǏǖǝǛNJǖǘnjǥǚNJǐNJǜǦǛǩǒcǎǘnjǘǕǦǗǘǎǘǕǍǘǗǒǛcǔǏǖǏǖǝ ǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǩǡNJǛǜǘǒcǒǣǏǜǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǡǒ
ǚǏǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ǍǎǏǙǘǡǜǒnjǛǏnǟǘǎǒǕǒǙNJ ǗǏǒǑǖǏǗǩǕƿǘǜǩǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǨǐǏǜǥnjǥǑǥnjNJǕǒǝcǗǏǍǘ ǜǥnjNJǩǐǏǡǜǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjǘǧǜǒǟǎǘǖǘnjǙǚǏǎǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǥ
ǚǘǓ~ƷǘǘǜnjǛǏǟǧǜǒǟǎǝǧǜǘnjƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍNJǛcƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjǥǖ ǘǛǜǚǘǏNjǏǛǙǘǔǘǓǛǜnjǘcǷǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǖNJǕǥǏǞǘǚǖǥ ǎǕǩNJǚǏǗǎǥǘNjǖNJǗNJnjcǜǘǖǗǏNjǥǕǘ
ǘǜǕǒǡNJǕǒǎnjǏnjNJǐǗǥǏnjǏǣǒƬǘǙǏǚnjǥǟǘNjNJnjcǖǘǕǘǎǘ ƪcǗNJǎǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǙǚǘǎǝǖNJǗǗǘǍǘNjǕNJǍǘǝǛǜǚǘǓ ƴǚǘǖǏ ǜǘǍǘ ǑǎǏǛǦ NjǥǕNJ ǎǘǛǜǒǍǗǝ
ǛǜǒǚNJNjǘǜNJǕǒǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǖǒǙǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǣǒǔNJǖǒnjcǔǒǗǘ ǛǜnjNJǔNJǔnjcnƴǘǗNJǔǘnjǘ~ǗǏNjǥǕǘǎNJǐǏnjcnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~ ǜNJǠǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǚǏǎǔNJǩǎǕǩǙǘǛǏǕǔǘnjǜNJǔǘǍǘ
ǒcnjcǚǏǔǕNJǖǏcǷǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǖǥǛǕǒǕǒǔNJǔǛǠǏǗNJǚǒǓ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǥnjǛǏǧǜǒNjǏǛǏǎǔǒǛnjǏǜǒǕǦ ǖNJǛǢǜNJNjNJǀǏǗǜǚǘǖǘǛǜNJnjNJǕNJǛǦNjǘǕǦǢNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗǒǠNJ
ǛcǩǚǔǘnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǗǘǓǎǚNJǖNJǜǝǚǍǒǏǓƬǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǘNjǘǒǟ ǗǒǔǒǕNJnjǘǡǔǒǎǝǢǒǙǕǩǐǗǥǏǔNJNjǒǗǔǒNjǥǕǒnjcǜǘǖǐǏ ǛcǙǚǘǖǏǗNJǎǘǖǒcǙǕǩǐǏǖNJcǘǜǗǏǏnjǏǏǚǘǖǚNJǛǟǘǎǩǜ
ǘǜǕǒǡNJǕǘǛǜǘǓǔǘǏǙǚǏǑǚǏǗǒǏǔcǍǕNJǖǝǚǝƸNjǏǧǜǒǡǏǚǜǥ ǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǖǔǕǨǡǏnƼǏNjǏǗǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǖǗǘ ǛǩǔǕNJǛǜǏǚǥǎǘǖNJnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǙǘǛǜǏǙǏǗǗǘǝnjǏǕǒǡǒnjNJ
ǗNJǢǕǒnjcnƴǘǗNJǔǘnjǘ~ǩǚǔǘǏnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǏnjǛǏǒǟǙǘǛǜǚǘǓ ǍǘǙǘǟǘǐǏǗNJǔǘǗǠǕNJǍǏǚǦ#~cǷǛǙǚǘǛǒǕǖǏǗǩǔNJǔǜǘƴNJ ǨǜǛǩnjcǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǟcǷǘǜǗǒǑǔǘǚǘǛǕǥǟnƫNJǚǘǔ~  ǎǘ
ǔǒǑǎǏǛǦǑNJǔǚǝǡǏǗǥnjcǏǎǒǗǘǏǠǏǕǘǏǔNJǔǟǘǚǘǢǒǓǎǏ ǍNJǗǛǔǒǓƷNJǛNJǖǘǖǐǏǎǏǕǏNJǙǏǕǕǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǧǜNJǧǛǜǏǜǒǔNJ njǥǛǘǔǒǟnƻnjǒǜǡǏǚǘnj~ƭǏǗǙǕNJǗǙǘǎǏǕǏǗǗNJǔǕNJǛǜǏǚǥ
ǜǏǔǜǒnjNJcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǔNJǔǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǗǝNJǚǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜǘ ǔcNJǛǔǏǜǒǑǖǝƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǩǕ ǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟNJǎǚǏǛǘnjNJǗǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǘǖǝǙǘǜǚǏ
ǛǝǚǘnjǥNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǥǢǏǚǢNJnjǥ ǛǩǔNJǔǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓNjǚǝǜNJǕǒǑǖƲcǏǛǕǒnjcǖNJǕǥǟǞǘǚ NjǒǜǏǕǨ ǘǎǒǗcǷǎǕǩǛǏǖǏǓǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǎǕǩǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǓ
ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǧǜǘǜǛǜǒǕǦǟǘǚǘǢǘǘǜnjǏ ǖNJǟǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǙǘǑnjǩǔǒnjNJǕNJǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǖǒcǖǏǚǠNJǕNJ ǜǚǏǜǒǓcǷǎǕǩǖǘǕǘǎǥǟǙNJǚ ǒcǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǶǎǘ
ǡNJǕǎǝǟǝǔǝǚǘǚǜNJcǷǛǘnjǛǏǖǏǍǘNJǎǚǏǗNJǕǒǗǘǖǛǏǚǞǒǗ ǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǜǘnjcǎǘǖNJǟǘǗNJNjǥǕNJǟǘǚǘǢǘǑNJǖNJǛǔǒǚǘnjNJǗNJ ǖǘnjƮǘǖNJǔNJǐǎǘǍǘǔǕNJǛǜǏǚNJǒǖǏǕǒǘNjǣǏǏǘNjǤǏǖǗǘ
ǍǘǖǒcǔNJǓǜǒǗǍǘǖǛǔǝǜǏǚNJǖǒǒcǔnjNJǎǚǘǠǒǔǕNJǖǒǞǝǜNjǘ ǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǗǥǏǙǏǗǘNjǕǘǔNJǖǒǛǜǏǗǥnjǗǝǜǚǒǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǗǘǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǕǒǙǚǒǧǜǘǖ
ǕǘǖǒcǙǏǓǗǜNjǘǕǘǖƷNJǎǘǘǜǎNJǜǦǎǘǕǐǗǘǏǒcǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝǗǏ ǑNJǢǒnjNJǕǒǛǦǎǘǛǔNJǖǒcǷǒcǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏnǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǛǜǒ~ njǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǜǘǚǗǘǓnjNJǚǒNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒcǷnjcǙǘǛǜNJ
njǙǘǕǗǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǩǩǧǛǜǏǜǒǔǝǎǝǧǜNJƴNJǍNJǗǛǔǒǓǗǏǖǏǢNJǕ njcǗǒǟNjǥǕǘǘǡǏǗǦǝNjǏǎǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǖƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǧǜǘǍǘ ǗǘnjǔǏǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǒǘǔǘǗǠnjǏǜǏƸNjǚNJǑǠǘǖ

304 
ɳ

 
 
2
"VUX‡ V") ;*X*N U!Uˆ wŠ
N_^ "UŠ ; *X"‡. UwNV‰ 'JŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

')‰RU SJURU'_R^] *X] <"UŠ " VUX‡. ;U'*VV‰


U!VV*)*ˆ "<R*;X"‡_R^] X*N^ ;X*"XVV‰ NU' "<VŠ
VXJ`UR- ;USVU'^ URU"R‡' _*XV' SJUNU'U" V)
ɲ ;X*N*)‰RU X`UR)‰RW ;)RXU"J <R*VX")‰R‡'
;XUVXRV"*RR‡' .UN' <`*)‰RW U!XwRW X.V*JŠ
V^X UV‡)]~W J<VXRR‡' ;XU'‡a)*RR‡' U!Ž*JV'F
VU ) ;J#^w' VU ) R#X' N)W .XR*RW )UNUJ- R* ;UŠ
ɱ
)*NR]] XU)‰ "<"‡XwV*)‰RUV *X #X]V JX‡a
;XN^'RR‡* JJ ;XUNU)x*R* V*R‡ <waV‡* NUJ'
"<VUˆ x* V*'*- ^w*) X*a*R <;U'U~‰] wU)W`URRU#U
'V*X) ;U)Ux*RRU#U ;UN NUJ RaV‡* <R*!U)‰Š
aUˆ ~*)‰] <"R^VX*RR*#U "UNUVUJ-

ɴ
ɱ J  (J   +-
# B % 

ɲ   X 

<; J  - X
-
2015

ɳ   X 

<; J  - D
-
2012

ɴ   X 
ǧǜǘǍǘǙǘǎǟǘǎNJǛǜNJǕǒnƻnjǒǜǡǏǚǥ~ ǧǜǘǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ ǘcǡǏǖǙǚǘǍǘnjNJǚǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǛnjǏǜǘnjNJǩǣǏǕǦnjcǙǘ

<; J  - N% -
ǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǑNJǔǘǗǡǏǗǗǥǓǔǕNJǛǜǏǚ  2014 ǜǘǕǔǏǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǓ ǘǔǗNJǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǜǘǎǘǟǘǎǩǜǎǘǙǘǕNJ
nƻnjǒǜǡǏǚǥ~  ǘNjǚNJǑǘnjNJǕǒǠǏǕǝǨ ǜǘǝǙǕǥnjNJǨǜǗNJnjǏǚǟǘǎǗNJǒǑnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǟǛǜǏǗǛǕǘnjǗǘ
ǝǕǒǠǝcǷNJcǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǘǗNJǢǕNJǙǘǍǚNJǗǒǠǏǔǝǚǘǚǜNJǜǘ NjǥǘNjǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǛǏǚǏǎǒǗǏNJcǑNJǗǏǓǜǏǡǏǜǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJ
ǑǎǏǛǦǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǕNJǜǏǖNJǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǗǘǓǛǜǏǗǥLJǜǒ njǥnjǘǎǩǗNJǛnjǏǜnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJƻǗNJǚǝǐǒnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǩǩ
ǎǘǖNJnjǥǎǏǕǩǨǜǛǩǔNJǔnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǓ ǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJǎǘǖNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǗǏǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǩǡǏǖǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǗǏǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǓǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǒǟǒǑNjǜNJǔǒcǘǔǘǗǗǥǖǒǙǚǘǏ ǒǗǜǚǒǍǝǏǜǙǘǎǛǔǘǢǏǗǗǘǓǔǚǥǢǏǓǖǘǐǗǘǑNJǙǘǎǘǑǚǒǜǦ
ǖNJǖǒǘǗǒǘǍǚǘǖǗǥǒcǔNJǔNjǥǟNJǘǜǒǡǗǘǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǥ Ǚǚǒ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǨ ǒcǜNJǔǘǗǘǒcǏǛǜǦ NJcǑNJǛǚNJnjǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǔǚǝǙǗǥ
ǧǜǘǖǒcǔNJǐǎǥǓǎǘǖǚNJǑnjǏǚǗǝǜǘǛǘNjǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǘǜǔǝǎNJ ǖǒǘǔǗNJǖǒcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗǝǨǗǘnjǛǏǧǜǘǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǝǛǕǘnjǗǘ
ǒcǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǘǗǒǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǔǚǝǜǩǜǛǩnjǘǔǚǝǍǛnjǘǒǟǘǛǏǓ ǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǛǙǚǏǛǛǘnjNJǗǥnjcǘǎǒǗǒcnǘNjǖǘǜNJǗǥ~njcǐǏǕǏǑǘ LJǜǒ ǙǚǒǏǖǥ njǑǚǥnjNJǨǜ ǜǒǙǘǕǘǍǒǨ
ǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩǘNjǣǏǏǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǘǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏ ƴNJǐǎǥǓ ǛnjǏǚǟǝǒcǛcNjǘǔǘnjƾNJǛNJǎǗNJǩǐǏǎǘǛǔNJǒǎǏǜǙǘǎǒNJǍǘǗNJ ǒcǛǜNJnjǩǜnjǘǙǚǘǛǘcǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǘǖǎǘǍǖNJǜǏǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǒǩ
nƻnjǒǜǡǏǚ~ǔǘǖǙǘǗǝǏǜǛǩǒǑǎnjǝǟǚNJǑǗǘnjǥǛǘǜǗǥǟǘNjǤǏ ǕǒnjǜǘǚǩǕǒǗǒǒǘǎǗǘǍǘǒǑǛǔNJǜǘnjƺNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǩǛǦnjǎǘǕǦ njǛǏǍǘnjǛǏǖǝ ǞǝǗǔǠǒǒcǷǞǘǚǖǏǞǘǚǖǥcǷǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ
ǖǘnj ǗNJǔǚǥǢǏǗǒǑǔǘǍǘcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǘǏǎǒǗǩ ǔNJǗNJǕNJnƺǒnjǏǚ~ǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǩ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒcǷǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǝǘNjǤǏǖNJcǷǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǝ ǒcnjǥ
ǨǜǛǩǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǥǖǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǘǖǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǘNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗǥ ǜǏǚǚNJǛǝnjcǙNJǕǝNjǝNJcǒǑNjNJǗǒǗNJǙǏǚnjǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǖǘǐǗǘ ǜǏǔNJǨǣǏǖǝǘǜǛǨǎNJǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǝnǡǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒ~ƹǘǩnjǒnjǢǒǛǦ
njǛǏǘǗǒnǎǚNJǗǘǓ~ǔNJǔnjǥǚNJǐNJǨǜǛǩNJnjǜǘǚǥǎǘǛǔǘǓƼǘ ǙǚǥǍNJǜǦnjcnjǘǎǝƮǘǖnƪǛǜǘǗ~  cǷNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǥǓǔǝNj ǔNJǔǙǚǘǜǏǛǜǙǚǘǜǒnjǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒǒcǗǏǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘ
ǏǛǜǦǒǑNjǥnjNJǩǙǘǛǔǘǗǗǘǛǜǦǛǖǝǣNJǨǣǝǨǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ ǐǏǛǜǔǘǚNJǛǡǏǚǡǏǗǗǥǓǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǒǢnjǏǕǕǏǚNJǖǒ ǛǜǒnjcƿƿnjǏǔǏǧǜNJǒǎǏǘǕǘǍǒǩǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦǗǏǙǚǏǚǏǔNJǏǖǘǓ
ǙǘǜǚǏNjǒǜǏǕǩnjcǒǑNjǏǘǗǒǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǕǒǏǏǒǑNjǥNjǚǝǜNJǕǦ ƴNJǐǎNJǩǏǍǘǍǚNJǗǦǛǘǛǜǘǒǜǒǑǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǘnjǘǗǒǜǘǑNJ ǗǘǛcǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǘǖǎNJǕNJǜǚǏǣǒǗǝNJcnjcǗNJǡNJǕǏǗNJǢǏǍǘ
ǗǘǛǜǦƪcnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǔNJǖǒǗǘNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗǗǥǓǔǘǗNJǔǘnjǛǔǘǓ ǙǘǕǗǏǗǥǜǘǙǝǛǜǥ ǜNJǖǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǜǏǚǚNJǛǥ ƹǚǒ njǏǔNJǒcnjǘnjǛǏǛǜNJǕNJǕǒǢǦǘǎǗǒǖǒǑnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǥǟnjNJǚǒNJǗ
ǔǏǚNJǖǒǔǘǓǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǝǏǜǛcǖNJǜǘnjǥǖǙǘǜǘǕǔǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǧǜǘǖ ǞNJǛNJǎǗNJǩ ǛǏǜǔNJ ǗǏ ǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜ ǧǜNJǐNJǖ ǔǘǒǟ ǜǘnjƷǘnjcǐNJǗǚǏǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǜǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ 
ǏǣǏǒcǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǕǘǖǔNJNjǒǗǏǜNJnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJ ǜǚǒ ǒcǧǜNJǒǗǜǚǒǍNJǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǖƼNJǖǜNJǔǘǓ ǘǗNJǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǎǘǖǒǗǒǚǝǨǣǏǓcǷǘcǡǏǖǛnjǒǎǏǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝǨǜ
Ʈǘǖ nƮǏǙǘ~   ǒǖǏǏǜ ǙǘǟǘǐǝǨ ǐǏ ǜǏǜǚǒǛ Ǘǘ ǝǐǏ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ njc ǔNJǐǝǣǏǖǛǩ ǙǘǡǜǒnjǛǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒƼǏǖǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǏǏǔǘǗNJ
NjNJǢǗǨǗǘǔcǗǏǓǎǘNjNJnjǕǏǗǘNjǤǏǖǛcǙǘǕǝǔǚǝǍǕǘǓǔǚǥ NjǏǛǙǘǚǩǎǔǏnjcǎǘǖǗNJǛǥǙNJǕǒǛǦǔǝNjǒǔǒǔǘǖǗNJǜǖǏǐǎǝ ǔǘnjǛǔǒǏǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǥƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍNJǒcƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjNJƲcǏǛǕǒ
ǢǏǓǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔNJNjǥǕNJnjǥǗǝǜNJǙǘǎǜǏǚǚNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǖǏǚǠNJǨǜǛnjǏǜǘnjǥǏǔǘǕǘǎǠǥ ǒǟǙǏǚnjǥǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǑǎǏǛǦǎǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǨǜǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ
ǛǝLJǜNJǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJǙǘǟǘǐNJǗNJnjǘǔǑNJǕǦǗǥǓǎǏNjNJǚǔNJǎǏǚ ƼǝǐǏǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǝǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǨǜnLJǔǘǎǘǖNJ~ ǗǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǩǛcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǘǜǎǏǕǔǘǓ njǗǝǜǚǒ
NJcnjǜǘǚNJǩnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǔǚǥǢǏǓǘNjǢǒǜNJǩǛǘǛǜNJǚǏǗǗǘǓǖǏ  ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǏǝǐǏǗNJǘǛǗǘnjǏǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǣǒǜǘnjǘǓ ǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǜǘǧǔǘǎǘǖNJǝNjǏǐǎNJǨǜǡǜǘǒcǎǘǖǡǏǓǒǗǜǏ
ǎǦǨcǷǗNJnjNJǍǘǗƷNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǘǜǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǘǎǝǟǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǒǩ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒƽǚǘnjǗǒǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǓ NJcǚNJnjǗǘǒcǘǔǘǗ njcǗǒǟ ǚǦǏǚǗǒǔNJǔǗǏnjǥǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩnjǘnjǗǏǢǗǏǖǘNjǕǒǔǏǗǒǡǝǜǦ
ǙǏǚǏǎNJǗƮǘǖnƺǒnjǏǚ~  cǷǎnjNJǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǟǘNjǤǏǖNJ ǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘNjǥǙǕNJnjNJǨǜǘNjǤǏǖǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǥnjǏǢǏǗǗNJǎ ǗǏǖǏǗǏǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǏǗ ǒcǎNJǐǏǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǏǗ 

306 
89.
 
ɭ  U

 -
;  
- ?>@@
 & 
SVUV N^!)‰NU' N*)R "<;UNXUJ #UXUŠ

# $ ɮ  U



 - N^ JRN)Ja <)*JRNX^ VX^RJU"JUŠ

J

- ?>@? '^ ;U!*N"a*'^ "<JURJ^X* R )^_a** '*Š
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

VU "<'X* N)W N^!)‰NU' "<?>@H<#UN^- R JURJ^X R^xRU



 
  .
  !‡)U ;X)V‰ TUVU#XT "U*#U '*V <XJwV‰


  
 ;U_*'^ '*RRU V' NU)x*R !‡V‰ N^!)‰NU'- ;U!*NV*)W
"‡!X) ^_V‡"W "<;*X"^] U_*X*N‰ !^N^~^] T^RJ`]
   &  

NU' U`)‰R^] wR_'UV‰ ;XU*JV <xwR*RR^] ;UŠ
    $
 w`] ;X*V*RN*RVU"- w !U)** _*' M>> wW"UJ !‡) "‡!XR
) GK;$>IL:KFELFJ )*JRNX VX^RJU"Jˆ JUVUX‡ˆ ;X*N)Ux) ^VRU"V‰

  (4 !" # N^!)‰NU' R U;J* "U)UWRW XWNU' <JRN)Ja*ˆ


<;U)‰wU"V‰ *#U JJ ;X]V N)W V^XVU" <'*VR‡. )]Š
(0
!V*)*ˆ JV"RU#U UVN‡.-

  

  .   & 

ɭ ɮ
nƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖǘnj~cǷǛNJǖǘǍǘǚNJǛǛǡǒǜNJǗ
ǗǘǍǘǗNJǕNJǐǏǗǗǘǍǘǒcǘǜǚNJNjǘǜNJǗǗǘǍǘǒǑ
ǘnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǛǔǒǟǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjƸǗǘǞǒǠǒ
NJǕǦǗǘǒǖǎNJǐǏǒcǑǘnjǏǜǛǩǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘ
ǒc ǑNJ ǘǛǗǘnjǝ njǑǩǜǥ ǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǥǏ ǚNJǑ
ǖǏǚǥnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖNJ~ǒcǙǘnjǗǏǢǗǘǛǜǒ
ǘǗǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǜNJǔǘǓǐǏǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǛǘ
ǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǖǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏǖǞNJǛNJǎNJǁǏǚǏǑ
ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjǒǎǗNJƴNJǗǎNJǕNJǔ
ǢǛǔǒǓǑNJǕǒnjǒcǘǛǜǚǘnjNJƷǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚNJǎǒnjǒǎNJǎǘǖǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǗNJ
njǏǚǢǒǗǏǛǘǙǔǒǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗnjcǧǜǝ
ǑNJǙǚǘǛNJnjcǘNjǥǎǏǗǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒƼǏǖǐǏǙǚNJnjǎNJǑNJǗǒǖNJ ǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǗǘǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘǨǍǒcǘǜǛǨǎNJǛnjǏǜǒǜǛǔǝ
ǕǒǛǦǒcǗNJǢǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǒ~ǗǘǘǗǒǛnjǘǒ ǙǘǏǛǏnjǏǚǗǘǏǛǘǕǗǠǏǗNJǙǘǕǗǩǩǎǘǖǛnjǏǜǘǖǒcǜǏǙǕǘǖ
ǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǒnjcǐǒǑǗǦǒcǗǏǎǝǖNJǕǒnjǘǙǕǘǣNJǜǦǎǕǩƲnjNJǗNJǐǏ ƻǜǘǒǜ ǎǘǖ ǗNJ ǖǏǜNJǕǕǒǡǏǛǔǘǓ ǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩ
ǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǜǦǗǘǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǜǦ njcǛnjǘǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǘǙǒǚNJǏǜǛǩǗNJǢǏǛǜǦǘǙǘǚǡǜǘǖǒǗǒ
Ƭ c Ǎǘǎǝ njc ǀǏǗǜǚǏ ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓ ǖǒǑǒǚǝǏǜnjǖǏǢNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝ ǒǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǎ
ǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥ ǜǘǍǎNJǏǣǏǗǏǖǝǑǏǏ nƭNJǚNJǐ~ǛǘǛǜǘǩǕNJǛǦ ǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǏǜǜǏǖǝǙǘǕǏǜNJ 
NjǘǕǦǢNJǩnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJnƬǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƹNJǚǔNJƭǘǚǦ ƷǘǏǛǕǒnjǛǏǧǜǘNjǥǕǘǒcnjcnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘ
ǔǘǍǘǘǜƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJǎǘƫNJǗNJ~NJcnjǗǝǜǚǒǗǏǏNjǥǕNJǏǣǏ ǖNJǟ~ǜǘǜǝǜǛǜǏǗǥǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘǒǗǥǏƮǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥ
ǘǎǗNJǗǏNjǘǕǦǢNJǩnjǥǛǜNJnjǔNJcǷnƻǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏnjǚǏǖǏǗ ǎǘǛǜǒǡǦǜǚǏNjǝǏǖǘǓǎǕǩǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǔǒǙǘnjǘǑǎǝǟǝǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǒ
ǗǘǏ~ǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǘnjNJnjǢNJǩǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǚǝǛ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǙǏǚǞǘǚǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǔNJǚǔNJǛǒǑ0:0
ǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjǗNJǜǝǐǏǜǏǖǝƬǥǛǜNJnjǔNJNjǥǕNJǙǘ NjǚǝǛNJcǷǒcǘNjǕǏǍǡǒǕnjǏǛǖǘǎǝǕǩnjcǎnjNJǚNJǑNJǙǘǛǚNJnjǗǏǗǒǨ
ǎǏǕǏǗNJǗNJǚNJǑǎǏǕǥǘǜnjǏǡNJǨǣǒǏǑNJǛNJǖǥǏNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǏ ǛcǙǚǘǜǘǜǒǙǘǖnLJǜǘǔNJǔnjcǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǒǍǘǗǘǡǗǘǍǘ
ǜǚǏǗǎǥ ǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǛǜǦǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǛǜǦǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏ NjǘǕǒǎNJcǷǙǘǩǛǗǩǏǜNJnjǜǘǚcǷnjǥǒǍǚNJǜǦǍǚNJǖǖǚNJǎǒǔǒ
ǖǘǛǜǦǝǜǒǕǒǑǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǦ ǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒnjcǔNJǐǎǘǖǚNJǑ ǕǘǖǏǜǚNJ~ƪcǑNJǜǏǖǡǜǘNjǥǧǜǘǓǝǐǏǘNjǕǏǍǡǏǗǗǘǓǔǘǗ
ǎǏǕǏNjǥǕNJǚNJNjǘǜNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJƼǘǧǜǘNjǥǕNJnƴǒNjǒǜǔNJ~ ǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒnjǏǚǗǝǜǦǙǚǘǡǗǘǛǜǦǗNJǗǏǏNjǥǕǙǘnjǛǏǖǏǛǜ
ǐǒǕǘǓǠǒǕǒǗǎǚnjcǔǝǑǘnjǏǍǚǝǑǘnjǒǔNJ ǜǘnƹǕNJnjǘ ǗǘǗNJǙǥǕǏǗǙǏǗǘǙǘǕǒǝǚǏǜNJǗ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǜNJǔǐǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ
ǞǒǛ~ ǚNJNjǘǡǏǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǗNJǙǕǘǜǝ ǜǘNjNJǚǒǑ ǒcǔNJǔǝǜǏǙǕǒǜǏǕǦ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǎǘǖǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǏǗǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǔNJǔ
ǛǗǏǍNJ  ǜǘNjNJǗǩǒǑǘǕǦǎNJ  cǷnjǛǩǔǒǓǚNJǑǘǗǒ ǙǛǒǟǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǗǘǒcǔNJǔǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǡǏ
njǘǙǕǘǣNJǕǒǔNJǔǒǏǜǘNJǚǟǏǜǒǙǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǖǏǡǜǥ ǎǘǖǗNJ ǛǔǒǓcǷǙǘǡǏǖǝǘǗǒcǛǜNJǕǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǓǍǕNJnjǘǓǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǒ
ƬcǍǘǎǝǔǘǍǎNJǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǘnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖǘnj~ǙǏǚǏ ǜǘǏǛǜǦǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǕǏǜǏǕƪcǝǐǏǚNJǎǒǧǜǘǍǘNjǥǕ njǘǎǏǎǘǖǒǑǘǕǦǎNJǎǘǖǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓǎǘǖnjcǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǒ  ƬǗǝǜǚǒǎǘǖǘǜǎǏǕNJǗǡǏǚǗǘǓǞNJǗǏǚǘǓ
njNJǕǒǕǘǑNJnjǜǘǚǝǨǛǘǜǗǨǒcǙǚǘǞǏǛǛǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǛǘǘNjǣǏ ǛǎǏǕNJǗǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǕǏǍǔǒǖǡǜǘǖǘǍNjǥǙǚǏǜǏǗǎǘnjNJǜǦǗNJ ǗǘnjcǜǘǐǏnjǚǏǖǩǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǒǘcNjǝǎǝǣǏǖ ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǜNJǔǐǏǎǘNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǐǏǛǜǔǘǛǜǒǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒƬǛǩ
ǛǜnjǘǗNJǡNJǕǘNjǏǛǙǘǔǘǒǜǦǛǩǡǜǘƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǛǜNJǕ ǑnjNJǗǒǏnǛNJǖǘǓǕǏǍǔǘǓǕǘǎǔǒnjcǖǒǚǏ~ Ʒǘ ǟǘǜǩ njǛǏ ǧǜǒ ǙǚǘǏǔǜǥ NjǥǕǒ ǚǏNJ ǖǏNjǏǕǦǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǘNjǕǏǍǡǏǗǗNJǩNJcǗNJNjǘǚǏǏǙǚǏǎǏǕǦ
ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǜǦǛǩǒǑNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJnjcNjǒǑǗǏǛǖǏǗNJǜǘǜnjǑǩǕ ƵǘǎǔNJǜǝǜǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǍǏǚǘǓ ǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǥǘǗǒnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǒǖǏǕǒǛǜNJǜǝǛnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟƷǝ ǗǘNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǏǗǙǘǙǏǚǒǖǏǜǚǝcǷǙǘǕǔǒǔǚǘnjNJǜǒǎǕǩǛǗNJ
ǒcǘǜnjǏǜǒǕǗNJǛǝǍǝNjǘǙǘǧǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓnjǘǙǚǘǛnƯǛǕǒǖǘǍ ǘǎǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǓǙǘnjǏǛǜǒLjǚǒǩƴǘnjNJǕǩǘǎǏǚǐǒǖǒǖǏǗ ǒǕǒ NjǥǛǜǚǘ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǕǒǛǦ njc ǜNJǔǘnjǥǏ ǗǏǎǘNjǚǘǓ njǘ njcǠǏǗǜǚǏcǷǛǜǘǕƺǨǔǑNJǔǒǛǔǕNJǎǒǚǝǨǜǛǩnjcǗǒǐǗǏǖǘǜ
ǡǏǓǜǘǎǘǖǗNJǎǑǏǖǕǏǓǙNJǚǒǜǦƹǘǡǏǖǝǖǘǏǖǝǧǜǘǗǏ ǗǘǒǎǏǏǓǕǏǍǔǘǛǜǒǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǗǜǘǐǏǔNJǔ ǕǏǓ ǖǏǛǜǗǥǟ ǐǒǜǏǕǏǓ Ƭc ǧǜǘǖ ǐǏ ǎǘǖǏ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnj ǛǏǔǏNJcǘǎǏǐǎNJcǷnjcǙǚǒǟǘǐǏǓƸNjǘǍǚǏnjNJǏǜǛǩǎǘǖǎǚǘ
ǙǘnjǜǘǚǒǜǦ#~ƸǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǎǘǖǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗ ǒcƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjnjǛǨǐǒǑǗǦǒǣǏǜnjǥǟǘǎǔcǖǘǚǨnƬǥǟǘǎ ǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǒǛǘǙǚǩǍǝǜǘǙǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǛcǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǚǗǥǖƹǚǒ njǩǗǘǓǙǏǡǦǨ ǘǗNJǐǏǛǕǝǐǒǜǎǕǩǙǚǒǍǘǜǘnjǕǏǗǒǩǙǒǣǒ 
ǜNJǕǦǗǥǓNJcǧǔǛǜǚǏǖNJǕǦǗǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǓƴǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǔcǖǘǚǨcǷNjǘǚǖǘǜNJǕǩcǙǚǘǛǏNjǩǍǝǕǩǩǙǘljǝǑǏcǷǖǗǏǗǝ ǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǘNjǤǏǔǜǘǖǙǘǡǜǒǛǔNJǑǘǡǗǥǖ NJcnjǘǎNJnjcǎǝǢǑNJǔNJǡǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒǑǘǑǏǚNJƬcǎǘǖǏǛcǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǘǖ
ǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩnjcǖǏǛǜǏǍǎǏǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǗǏǜǘǡǜǘ ǐǏǗnjǥǟǘǎǔcǖǘǚǨ~LJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖǏǜNJǞǘǚNJǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘ ǙǚǒǕǏǜǏǕǗNJnjǏǚǜǘǕǏǜǏcǷǔNJǔǙǚǒǕǏǜNJǨǜnjǘǕǢǏNjǗǒǔǒ ǚNJǑǖǏǣNJǏǜǛǩnjǘǛǏǖǦǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǗǘǑNJǛǜǘǕǘǖcǷnjǛǏǙǩǜ
ǗǏǐǒnjǏǜǗǘǎNJǐǏǒcǗǏǡNJǛǜǘnjǛǜǚǏǡNJǏǜǛǩƲcNjǥǕǙǘ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjcǷǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǒǑǚǝǛǛǔǒǟNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjcǷ ǘǔNJǑNJǕǛǩǑNJǙǘǕǩǚǗǥǖǔǚǝǍǘǖcǷǡǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǩǜǦǛǘǜ ǗNJǎǠNJǜǦƹǕǘǣNJǎǦǏǍǘǜNJǔNJǩǐǏǔNJǔǝcǙǏǚnjǘǍǘnƮǝNjǕǦ
ǧǜǘǖǝǜǚNJǗǛǙǘǚǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǔcǖǏǛǜǝǙǚǒǙǒǛǔǒǙǘnjǘǑǎǝǟǝ ǗǏǙǚǏǚǥnjǗǘǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǗǏǒǖǏǨǣǒǏǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǍǘ ǧǛǔǒǖǘ ǘǗǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǑNJǔǘǗǗǥǖǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǏǕǏǖǘǜǚǩǎNJ ƮǘǖNJ~cǔnjcǖ

308 
90.
 0
 
2 
 
 


0 ! 
NU' X;U)Ux*R R JX] NU"UNV" <)*-
^_VUJ '**V R*!U)‰aUˆ ^J)UR <;X*NV")WŠ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

*V U!Uˆ _V‰ )* <UR' <N"^'W '^X"*ˆRJ'-



 
 
 5 #!XV‡ <;U)Ux*R* wNRW ;X*NU;X*N*)*R‡ UJX^x*RŠ

 
 
2 
  *'- N)RR‡ˆ ^wJˆ NU' Xw'*XU' I><®<MM<'*VX Xw'*~*R
VJ _VU!‡ U.XRV‰ "] T)UX^ <T^R^ ^_VJ-
 

     ) 
  %- !" #
(0

  35 
ɭ

ɭ V
E
 - N   
E E $
 - ?>@@

ǕǒǗǒǏǓǔǚǥǢǒǜǘǐǏǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦǙǘǜǚǝ
ǎǒǜǦǛǩǎǘǖǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǚǏǕǦǏǞǏǒcǎǕǩ
ǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦǚǘnjǗǝǨǍǘǚǒ
ǑǘǗǜNJǕǦ njǛǏ ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩ ǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦ
ǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǚNJǑǗǘǓnjǥǛǘǜǥLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǙǘǢǕǘǎǘǖǝǜǘǕǦǔǘǗNJǙǘǕǦǑǝǝǡǒǜǥ
njNJǩǡǜǘǘǗǙǘǕǝǜǘǚNJǧǜNJǐǗǥǓǜǥǎNJǐǏ
ǗǏǛǚNJǑǝǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǢǦǘǜǔǝǎNJnjcǗǏǖǙǚǘ
ǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǜNJǔǘǍǘǚNJǑǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJƬǥ
ǛǘǔNJǩǒcǛnjǏǜǕNJǩǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩNjǘǕǦǢNJǩ
ǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǗNJǩǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǗǒǑǔǒǏǝǨǜǗǥǏ
ǛǙNJǕǏǗǔǒ ǗNJcNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǩǟ ƷNJǜǘǐǏ
ǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ ǒc ǚNJǑǗǘǛǜǦ
ƬǘǘNjǣǏǜǘnjcǙǘǚǜǞǘǕǒǘnƿƬƸƲ ~nƮǘǖǎǕǩǎnjǝǟǟǝ ǎǚǝǍǘǜǎǚǝǍNJǔNJǔƶNJǕǏnjǒǡǛcƼNJǜǕǒǗǥǖNJcǜǘnjǥǙǒnjNJǨǜ ǘǔǘǗnjcǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓǘǗǒǗNJnjǏǚǟǝnjcǍǘ
ǎǘǐǗǒǔǘnj~ǝǐǏNjǥǕƼǘǡǗǏǏǗǏǝcnƿƬƸƲ ~NJcǝcǜnjǘǚ ǙǚǒǖǔǗǝnjǛǜǘǕǒǔǒǔcǛǜǏǔǕǝ ǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǘǜǙǘǕNJǎǘǙǘǜǘǕǔNJnjcǔNJNjǒ
ǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǩnƼǒǟǒǓǡNJǛ~cǷǚǏǎǔǘǍǘnjcǗNJǢǒ ƬǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǖǎǘǖǏǎnjǝǟǚǏNJǕǦǗǥǟǟǝǎǘǐ ǗǏǜNJǟcǷǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǛǜǘǕNJnjcǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǟcǷ
ǎǗǒǗNJǛǕǏǎǗǒǔNJNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnjnNjǝǖNJǐǗǒǔǘnj~ƻǘǑǎNJ ǗǒǔǘnjǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗNJǩǙǚǏǍǚNJǎNJǘǛǜNJǕNJǛǦǗǘǙǏǚǏǏǟNJǕNJǔcǛǜǏ ǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǔǚǘnjNJǜǒ
ǕǒǏǍǘǜǚǘǏǎǚǝǑǏǓǙǘƪǔNJǎǏǖǒǒǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjcǷƻǏǚǍǏǓ ǗǏǛǕǒǕNJǛǦǛcǗǏǨǒcǛǜNJǕNJǟǘǕǛǜǘǖǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝǐǏǙǚǒ ƹǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǛǩǡǜǘǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǏǕǨNjǘǖǝ
ƪǔǛǫǗǘnjƭǏǘǚǍǒǓƻǗǏǐǔǒǗƲǕǦǩƻǙǒǚǒǎǘǗǘnjǘǗǒǐǏ ǚǘǎNJǚǒǛǝǏǜǛnjǘǒǝǑǘǚǥ ǛǨǐǏǜǒǑǎǚǝǍǘǍǘnNjǝǖNJǐǗǘǍǘ~ ǎǘǖǝǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏ
ǒcǛǜNJǕǒnjccǍǘǎǝnƿƬƸƯƳ~ƷǘǏǛǕǒnƿƬƸlj~Ǜǜǚǘǒǜ ǙǚǘǏǔǜNJnƼǒǟǘǍǘǡNJǛNJ~cǷnƫNJǗǒ~ ƼǏǖNJǙǚǏǍǚNJǎǥǝǢǕNJ ǎǘǛǜǒǍNJǏǜǛǩǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǖǙǝǜǏǖǗNJǎ
ǛǏǚǦǏǑǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǜǘnƼǒǟǒǓǡNJǛ~ǖǏǡǜNJǕǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǚǘnjNJǕ njcǎNJǗǗǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏǎnjNJǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJcǷǙNJǚNJ ǗǘǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏ ǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǗNJǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒǚNJǑǗǘnjǥǛǘǜǗǥǟ
ǒcǘǜǡNJǩǗǗǘǍǝǖNJǗǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǕnjǛǏǡǜǘǖǘǐǗǘcǷǘǜǎnjǘǚǘnj ǙǒǙǏǎǘǖǎǘǖǘǛǜNJǕǛǩcǷǒcǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘƯǛǕǒnjcǘNjǥǡǗǘǖ ǘNjǤǏǖǘnjNJcǔNJǔNjǥǙǘǎnjǏǢǒnjNJǗǒǏǖǒǟ
ǒcǞNJǛNJǎǘnjǎǘǜǏǙǕǘǜǚNJǛǛǒcǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjNJnƭNJǑǙǚǘǖNJ~ƬǛǏ ǎǘǖǏǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǖǒǚNJǛǕǝǐǒǜǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǘǗNJǐǏǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǘǗNJ ƫNJǢǏǗǔNJǧǜNJǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗǏnjǏǕǒǔNJ ǔcǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒǛǗǒǑǝǁǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǜǝǜǐǏnjǥǑǥnjNJǏǜǕǏ
ǧǜǒǙǚǘǏǔǜǥǕǒǜǏǚNJǜǝǚǗǥǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǗǥ ǐǏǔǝǟǗǩ ǒcǝǐǏnjǘǔǚǝǍǗǏǏǍǚǝǙǙǒǚǝǨǜǛǩǎǚǝǍǒǏǞǝǗǔǠǒǒ ǗǘǘǗNJnjǑǚǥnjNJǏǜǙǕNJnjǗǘǏǜǏǡǏǗǒǏǎǘǖNJǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǙǘ ǕǏǏǖǝǨǙǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǐǠNJǖǒǜǏǖǝǙǒǜǏǚǛǔǘǍǘǛǔNJǓǕNJǓǗNJ
ǒcǙǘǎǘNjǚǘǖǝǛǖǏǢǗǥcǷǔNJǔǒcnƮǘǖǎǕǩǎnjǝǟǟǝǎǘǐǗǒ ǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǜǘǑǎǏǛǦǙǚǒǘǚǒǜǏǜǥǚNJǛǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥǙǘǔǚNJǩǖ ǛǜNJnjǕǏǗNJnjcǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǟǘǎǛcǝǔǕǘǗǘǖǔǚǥǢǒnjǥǜǩǍǒnjNJǩǛǦ njǙǏǚnjǥǏǛǞǘǚǖǝǕǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǝǨNJǔNJǎǏǖǒǔǘǖƵǒǟNJǡǏnjǥǖ
ǔǘnj~ƹNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǏǙǒǙǏǎǚNJǑǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǓnjǗǝǜǚǒǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǘǓ ǎǘǖNJƴǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcnjǥǜǩǍǒnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǕǒǗǏǏǡǔǝ ǔNJǔǙǏǚǒǛǔǘǙǙǘǎǕǘǎǔǒƲcǧǜǘǔǚNJǛǒnjǥǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚ ǡǜǘǛnjǘǏǘNjǚNJǑǒǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǏǜǩǚǔǘnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǗNJǩ
ǛǜǏǗǘǓǙǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǒcǚǒǛǝǨǜǐǒnjǝǣǒǏǛcǎnjǝǟǛǜǘǚǘǗ ǡǜǘNjǥǘǜǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǏǧǜǒǟǞǝǗǔǠǒǓǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒǜǦƷNJǘǎǗǘǖǏǍǘ ǗǥǓǙǚǒǏǖcǷǙǚǒǎNJǜǦǑǗNJǡǒǖǘǛǜǦǎǏǜNJǕǒǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏ ǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜ ǙǘǡǏǖǝƵǒǟNJ
ǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒƼǘǘNjǣǝǨǔNJǚǜǒǗǝǜǘǚNJǑǗǥǏǜǘǙǚǩǡǝǜǛǩ ǔǚNJǨcǷǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔNJǩǗNJǎǚǝǍǘǖcǷNjNJǢǗǩǎǕǩǖǏǎǒǜNJǠǒǒ ǒǖǏǏǜNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǍǘǚNJǑǖǏǚNJƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǗNJǎ ǡǏnjǒcnjnjǘǎǒǜǒǗǘǛǜǚNJǗǗǘǏǛǕǘnjǘ ǗǘǏǣǏǒcǏǎǒǗNJǩǕǒǗǒǩ

310 
ɮ J

 #
-
 B  
<#
 T
 
-
1996
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ƭǝǕǕǒǔǛǏǗNJǚNJǑǚǝNjNJǨǣǒǓǎǘǖǒcǘǜǔǚǥnjNJǨǣǒǓnjǒǎǒǑ
ǕǏǛNJǗNJǖǘǚǏcǷǕǝǡǢǏǏǜǘǖǝǙǘǎǜnjǏǚǐǎǏǗǒǏƬcƺǘǣǒǗǘ
ǎǘǖǘǚǩcǷǠǏǕǥǟǔǒǕǘǖǏǜǚǘnjǗǘnƿƬƸlj~ǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘ
ǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǏǜǗNJǟǘǎǔǝƭǝǕǕǒǔǛǏǗNJǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǩǛnjǘǓǙǚǘǏǖ
ǗNJǖǏǜǚǒcǛǘǏǎǒǗǩǩǏǍǘǛcǑǏǖǕǏǓǎǕǒǗǗǥǖǗNJǛǜǒǕǘǖ
ǜNJǔǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǜǏǖNJnjǑnjǘǑNJcǷǙǘǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝnjcǛǏnjǏǚǗǘǓ
ǒǑNjǏǗNJǙǘnjǏǜǦǑNJǟǘǎǒǕNJǕǘǢNJǎǦǛcǜǏǕǏǍǘǨ ǒǗǘǍǎNJ
ǜNJǔǘǓnjǑnjǘǑǎǏǕNJǕǛǩǒcǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǒǑNjǥcǷǡǜǘ
NjǥǜǏǕǏǍǝǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǚNJǑǍǚǝǑǒǜǦǒcǗǏǚNJǑnjǘǚNJǡǒnjNJ
ǩǛǦǛǙǝǛǜǒǜǦǛǩǗNJǑǏǖǕǨ ƷǘǔǚǘǖǏǗNJǛǜǒǕNJnƿƬƸlj~
ǙǚǒǠǏǙǕǩǏǜǔcǙǚǘǏǖǝcǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǕNJnjǗǘǑNJǜǏǔNJ
ǏǜnjcǎǘǖƪcǜǏǚǚNJǛǝǚNJǛǛǏǔNJǏǜǢǒǚǘǔNJǩǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǔǘ
ǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǒnjǘǎǒǜǔcNJǚǔǏǔǚǥǕǦǠǝcǷǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǡǜǘnjǛǏ
ǛǘǢǕǘǛǦǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǩǜǗǘǏƼNJǔǐǏǔNJǔǒcnjcǍǘǛǜǒ
ǗǘǓǍǎǏǔǝǟǘǗǗǥǓNjǕǘǔǡǏǜǔǘnjǛǜNJǏǜnjcǚNJǛǙǘǚǖǏǐǎǝ
ǙǚǘǎǘǕǦǗǥǖǒǛǜǏǗNJǖǒ
ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǚNJǡǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǟǘǑǩǓǔNJnjǘǑǚNJ
ǑǒǜǡǜǘǘǎǗNJǒǑǧǜǒǟǛǜǏǗǛǙǕǘǢǦǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩNJcnjǎǘǕǦ
njǜǘǚǘǓǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǒcnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǗǒǔNJǔǘǓǖǏ
NjǏǕǒǛǨǎNJNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǏǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǢǦǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǙǚǘǛǜǘ
ǔǚǥǢǎǘǖǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǝǨnjǏǔNJǖǒǙǥǜNJǕǒǛǦǝǎǏǚǐNJǜǦǎNJ ǙǚǒǛǕǘǗǒǜǦǗǏǔcǡǏǖǝƷǘǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǐǏǗǏ
ǒcǎǘǛǒǟǙǘǚǏǣǏǑNJǗǏǏǎǏǚǐNJǜǛǩ ǙǘǡǏǖǝǒcǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNj ǛǜǚǘǒǜǎNJǡǝǔNJǔǖǏǛǜǘǎǕǩǟǚNJǗǏǗǒǩǗǏǗǝǐǗǥǟnjǏǣǏǓ
nƭNJǑǙǚǘǖNJ~njcǛnjǘǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǓǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǒnƼǒǟǒǓǡNJǛ~ NJcǗǝǐǗǥǟnjǏǣǏǓǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjǛǏǖǏǗǦǢǏǒcǛNJǖǒǘǗǒnjǛǏ
ǑNJǚǥnjNJǏǜnjcǑǏǖǕǨǔǝǖǙǘǕǘǖnjǗǒǑ ƲcǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǖǏǗǗǘ ǖǏǗǦǢǏƼNJǔNJǩǖǒǗǒǖǒǑNJǠǒǩnjǏǣǗǘǍǘǖǒǚNJǙǘǚǘǐǎNJǏǜ
ǜǘǍǎNJǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǟǘǚǘǢǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜǚǏǎǔǒǏnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǒcǷ ǒcǗǘnjǥǓǒǑnjǘǎǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǒǑǖNJcǷǔǘǍǎNJnjǛǏǍǘǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǜǏǕǦ
NjǝǎǦǜǘǢǙǒǕǒ ƪǎǖǒǚNJǕǜǏǓǛǜnjNJƹǏǜǚǘǙNJnjǕǘnjǔǒƶǒ ǗǘǗǏǖǗǘǍǘƶNJǕǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǏǣǏǓ ǛǜǘǕǛǜǝǕǦǩǎnjNJ
ǟNJǓǕǘnjǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǖǔNJ NjǝǎǦǜǘNjNJǢǏǗǔNJǎǕǩǖǏǎǒǜNJǠǒǒ ǔǚǏǛǕNJ ǖNJǕǘǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnj ǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǕǒǜǔNJ ǖNJǕǘǠnjǏ
ƺǘǣǒǗǘcǷǗNJǙǘǕǙǝǜǒǒǑƹǒǜǏǚNJnjcƾǒǗ ǜǘnj NjǏǕǥǓǡǏǚǗǥǓǛǏǚǥǓ ƱNJǜǘǖǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJ
ǕǩǗǎǒǨǒcǔNJǔNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƴNJǚǏǕǦǛǔǘǍǘǙǏǚǏǢǏǓǔNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǙǚǘnjǘǠǒǚǝǏǜǛǏNjǩǑNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǦcǷǗǘǗǏnjǏǣNJǖǒ
njǛǏǍǎNJǜǩǍǘǜǏǕNJǔcǞǒǗǛǔǘǓǜNJǔǒcǜǝǜnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǛǔNJǗǎǒ NJcǧǖǘǠǒǩǖǒǔNJǔǛǠǏǗǝǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǏǖƷǏǎNJǚǘǖǒcnjǛǏǛǜǏ
ǗNJnjǛǔNJǩǜǏǖNJƹǕNJǗǎǘǖNJǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǏǗǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjǔǏǛǘNj ǗǥnjǗǝǜǚǒNjǏǕǥǏǔNJǔǞǘǗǜǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǎǘǖǑNJǢǒǜ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƴǚǒǛǜǒNJǗNJƭǝǕǕǒǔǛǏǗNJnjcƭǝǓǜǜǒǗǏǗǏ ǡǏǚǗǘǓǘNjǘǐǐǏǗǗǘǓǎǘǛǔǘǓƻǜǒǕǦǗǘǔNJǔǡǏǚǗǘNjǏǕǘǏ
 LJǜǘǎǕǩǏǍǘǛǏǖǦǒƪǕnjNJǚƪNJǕǜǘǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕnjǒǕǕǝ ǔǒǗǘǜNJǔǒcǟǘǡǏǜǛǩǙǘǛǏǕǒǜǦǑǎǏǛǦǍǏǚǘǏnjƪǗǜǘǗǒǘǗǒ
ƶNJǓǚǏǩǍǎǏƴǚǒǛǜǒNJǗǒcnjǥǚǘǛNJcǙǘǜǘǖǚNJNjǘǜNJǕnjcǘǞǒ ƪǚNJǡǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǏcǷǧǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǏǙǘ
ǛǏƪNJǕǜǘcǷǜNJǔǡǜǘǝǚǘǔǒǖNJǛǜǏǚNJǙǘǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǒǨNJǚ njǏǎǘǖǛǜnjǝǧǜǒǟǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǝNJǕǒǛǜǘnjǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǖǘǍǝǜǛǙǚǘ
ǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒcǙǚǒǚǘǎǥǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǔNJǖǗǩǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǒcǧǔ ǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjǛcǘǎǗǒǖ njǏǚǟǗǒǖ ǧǜNJǐǘǖǒǕǒ
ǛǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǘǗǝǛnjǘǒǕǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘnjcǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǚNJNjǘǜǥǗǘ ǞǝǗǒǔǝǕǏǚǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥǐǒǜǏǕǒǍǘǚǘǎNJnjǛǜǚǏ
ǒcnjcǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǐǒǑǗǒƲcǛǔnjǘǑǗǘǓǙǚǘǏǖNJǚǔNJnjcǎǘǖǏ ǡNJǕǒǛǦǗNJǟǘǕǖǏǒcǙǚǘnjǘǐNJǕǒǑNJǔNJǜ

312 
91.
& b#  d
  
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    


 3

 . & 


 
 ..

/ 
 & 

 
     


 
  -60 !" # ( '* % !" #
(-

   

LJǜNJǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǛǜNJǕNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǛǘNjǥǜǒǏǖǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥcǍǘǎNJ ƭǚNJǗǙǚǒǙǚǏǖǒǒnƱǘǕǘǜǘǏǛǏǡǏ
ǗǒǏ~ ǘǎǗNJǔǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǏǛǘǖǗǏǗǒǩnjǔǕǨǡNJǜǦǕǒ
ǏǏ njc ǧǜǝ ǔǗǒǍǝ NjǥǕǒ ƮǏǕǘ njc ǜǘǖ ǡǜǘ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǛǘNjǚNJ
ǗǥǎǘǖNJnǙǘǡǏǛǜǗǘǖǝ~ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏNJcǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǗǏǛǏǜ ǒcnjǘǖǗǘǍǘǖǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǩǏǜǞǏǏǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ
ǘNjǣǏǍǘǘNjǕǒǔNJ NjǏǜǘǗǗǘǏǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǏƹǚǒǡǏǖǘǗǘǗǏ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǙǚǩǜNJǗǘnjcǑǏǖǕǨ ǔNJǔǘnjǥǟnjcǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǗǏ
ǖNJǕǘ NJcǔǘǗǛǘǕǩǖǒǒǑǗǏǏnjǥǕǏǜNJǏǜǒcǜǏǖǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜ ǙǚǒǑǗNJǔǘnjǚǘǛǔǘǢǒ ǑǘǕǘǜNJǖǚNJǖǘǚNJǔǘǕǘǗǗ  ǙǘǡnjǥǘǜǔǝǎNJǎǏǚǏnjǘǙǚǘǒǑǚNJǛǜNJǏǜǔNJǔǘnjNJǩǛnjǩǑǦǒcǎǏ
ǎǘǖǝǙNJǚǒǜǦƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǛǏǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǜ ǔNJǔǒcnjcǘǛǘNjǗǩǔǏǝcƷǒǔǒǜǛǔǒǟnjǘǚǘǜ ǡǜǘ ǕNJǏǜǏǍǘǜNJǔǘǓǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǦǨǙǚǒǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǙǏǓǑNJ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǜǘǏǛǜǦǞǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǎǘǖǖǘǐǗǘǛǡǒǜNJǜǦ njǛǏǚǏǛǝǚǛǥǝǖǏǕǘǙǏǚǏǙǕNJnjǕǏǗǥƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǥǖ ǐNJ#ƷǘǜǝǜǙǘnjǘǎǘǖǔcǛǜǘǕǦǧǔǛǜǚNJnjNJǍNJǗǜǗǘǖǝǚǏǢǏǗǒǨ
nǒǑNjǘǓ ǗNJ ǡǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘ ǚNJǑnjǒǜǘǖ ǙǘǎǔǕǏǜǏ~ ƫǘǕǏǏ njcǚǘǛǔǘǢǦǛǝǍǝNjǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǝǨƿǘǜǩǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏ NjǥǕǛNJǖǙǏǓǑNJǐcǷǘǑǏǚǘNJcnjǘǔǚǝǍcǷnjǥǛǘǔǒǏǟǘǕǖǥ
ǜǘǍǘǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǜNJǔǒǖǒǔǘǖNjǒǗNJǠǒǩǖǒ ǎǏǚǏnjǘ ǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǜNJǔǘǍǘǔNJǡǏǛǜnjNJ ǜǏǙǏǚǦǔNJǔǚNJǑ ƲcǔNJǔnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǔǘǕǘǔǘǕǏǗǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǚǒǞ
NjǝǎǝǣǏǏǒcǡǜǘǔNJǔNjǥǖǥǗǒǍǚǝǛǜǒǕǒǘcǡǒǛǜǘǜǏǎǏ ǒcǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩNJǗNJǕǘǍǘǖǑǘǕǘǜNJȁƷǘǗǏnjǛǏǜǘǑǘǕǘǜǘ ǖǘǓǔcǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǒǖǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǖǜNJǔǒcnjǑǕǏǜǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ
ǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǘNjǘǓǜǒǛǦNjǏǑ ǡǜǘNjǕǏǛǜǒǜǎǘǖǛǚNJǑǝǙǘǔǚNJǛǒǕǒnjcǛǏǚǥǓǠnjǏǜ njǜǘǚǒǜǕǒǗǒǩǖǟǘǕǖǘnjǏǍǘǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǒǟƪcǖǘǐǗǘǛǔNJ
ǛǜǏǔǕNJǒcǖǏǜNJǕǕNJNJcǍǎǏǜǘǍǎNJǙǚǘǕǘǐǒǜǦǍǚNJǗǒǠǝ#ƮNJ nǡǜǘNjǥǙǚǘǠǏǛǛǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǛǜNJǚǏǗǒǩǎǏǚǏnjNJ ǑNJǜǦǡǜǘǧǜǘnjǘǕǗNJnjǥǙǕǏǛǗǝǕNJǛǦǗNJNjǏǚǏǍƲcnjǥǗǏǛǕNJ
ǒc ǛNJǖǘ ǎǏǚǏnjǘ njǛǏ ǖǏǗǦǢǏ ǒc ǖǏǗǦǢǏ ǎǏǚǏnjǘ NJc njǛǏ ǗǏǚNJǛǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǕǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJ~ ǛǘǎǗNJǑNJǜǘǗǝnjǢǒǓǔǘǚNJNjǕǦǒǕǒǜǘǍǘǛNJǖǘǍǘǎǚNJǔǘǗNJ
NjǘǕǦǢǏ ǔǕǏǏǗNJǩ ǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJ ǒc ǙǚǘǡǒǏ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǗǥǏ ƷǘǎǏǚǏnjNJǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǖǗǘǍǘ ǖǗǘ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǚǒǛǘnjNJǕƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjȁLJǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘnnjǛǙǕǏǛǔ~
ǗǘǡǏǖǎNJǕǦǢǏǜǏǖǖǏǗǦǢǏǗNJǛǧǜǘǛǖǝǣNJǏǜƸǎǗNJ ǍǘǏǍǘNjǥǕǘǝǐǏǒcnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǟnǙǒǚǘǍǘnjǛǔǒǟ~Ǚǘ ǒǕǒǎNJǐǏnnjǑǚǥnj~ǔNJǔǕǨNjǒǕǒǝcǗNJǛǙǒǛNJǜǦǘcǑǎNJǗǒǩǟ
ǔǘnjcǧǜǘǖǑǎNJǗǒǒNjǏǜǘǗǗǘǏǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǏǘǜǖǏǗǗǘǑNJǖNJ ǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǟƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJcǷǎǘǖNJǟǙǘǎǕǒǜǏǚNJǖǒnƴ~ NJǜǜǚNJǔǠǒǘǗNJǟƱNJǟǒƿNJǎǒǎǒcƾǚǧǗǔNJƭǏǚǒǗǘǎǏǚǏnjǘ
ǛǔǒǚǘnjNJǗǘcǷǗǏǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǡǜǘNjǥnjǥǎNJǜǦǘǎǗǘǑNJǎǚǝ ǒcnƫ~nƬǏǏǚǏ~nƶNJǔNJǕǝǗǏ~ ǘǗǘǐǒnjǏǜǑǎǏǛǦǙǘ ǖǏǗǩǏǜǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǧǜǘǍǘnjǑǚǥnjNJǎǏǕNJǏǜǏǍǘǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǥǖ
ǍǘǏNJcǡǜǘNjǥǖNJǔǛǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǘnjǘǓǜǒnjcǙǏǓǑNJǐ ǎǚǝǍǒǖǑNJǔǘǗNJǖǙǘǑNJǔǘǗNJǖǗǏǕǒǗǏǓǗǘǓNJǚǟǒ ƪcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǎǘǖǘǜǚNJǐNJǏǜǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǨǎǏǚǏnjNJnjcǖǒǚǏǖǏ
LJǜNJǑNJǎNJǡNJǏǛǜǦǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥnjǛǏǍǎNJ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƲcǒǖǏǗǗǘǜNJǔNJǩǖNJǛǛNJǎǏǚǏnjNJǎNJǏǜnjǘǑ ǗǩǨǣǒǟǛǩǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǏǍǘǛǙǘǛǘNjǗǘǛǜǦ
ǒǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǡNJǛǜǘǘNjǕǒǠǘnjǥnjNJǨǜ ǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǧǜǘǙǚǘǡǝnjǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǝǎNJnjǗǘ NjǥǜǦǛǜǘǕǦǐǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǖǔNJǔǒcǎǚǝǍǒǏǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥ
ǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ ǗǘǜǝǜnjcƵNJǜnjǒǒǑNJǔǘǗǥǘǔNJǑNJǕǒǛǦǘǛǘNjǏǗ ǟǘǜǏǕǘǛǦǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǡǜǘǗǒNjǝǎǦǧǎNJǔǘǏcǷǧǜǘǝǐǏ ƪǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǑǎǏǛǦǗǏNjǥǕNJǜNJǔǘǓǝǐnǗǏ
ǗǘǛǝǚǘnjǥNJcǖǏǛǜǘǍǎǏǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǛǩǎǘǖǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǛǩ NjǥǕǘnjǒǎǗǘǙǘǎǘǖǝnƽǛǙǏǗǛǔǒǓǕǏǛ~NJcǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘ ǜǚǘǗǝǜǘǓ~ǚǘnjǗǘǗNJǧǜǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǛǜǘǩǕǚNJǗǦǢǏǗǏNjǘǕǦ
ǔcǘǛǘNjǘǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǖǥǖǙǚǒǚǘǎǗǥǖǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǩǖƹǘǧǜǘ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǝǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒcǚNJǗǦǢǏnjǏǑǕǘ ǙǘǙǚǘǏǔǜǝǎǘǖNJnƮǚNJǔǘǗ~  ƸǗǘǛǜNJǕǛǩǗǏǘǛǝ ǢǘǓǎǘǖǘǜǎǥǟNJǙǘǜǘǖǏǍǘǛǗǏǛǕǒƲcǔǘǍǎNJƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnj
ǖǝǖǗǘǍǒǏNJǙǙǏǜǒǜǥǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJNjǥǕǒǝǖǏǚǏǗǥǑǎNJǗǒ ǛcǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJǖǒ ǘcǡǏǖnjǛǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǔǝǚǘǚǜNJnƹǒǚǘǍǘnjǘ~  ǣǏǛǜnjǕǏǗǗǥǖǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǏǍǘǙǏǚǏǔǘǡǏnjNJǕnjcǧǜǘǑǎNJǗǒǏ ǙǚǒǢǏǕǛǨǎNJǘǗnjcǜǘǡǗǘǛǜǒǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǕǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏ
ǩǖǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦnjǛǜNJnjNJǜǦǗNJǛnjNJǒNJcǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǎǘǖǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǗǘǜǝǜNjǝǔnjNJǕǦǗǘnǂǏǟǜǏǕǦǗNJǢǏǕǛnjǘǏǍǘƺǩNjǝǢǒǗ ǜNJǔNJǩǐǏnjǏǜnjǩǣNJǩǛǩǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǩǛǕǘǐǗǥǏǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJ ǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǓǗNJǖǏǛǜǏǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǍǘǔǘǚǙǝǛNJnjǛǜNJǕǍǘǛǜǏnjǘǓ
ǙǘǜǘǖǝǒcǙǘǎǗǩǕǛǩnjcnjǘǑǎǝǟǡǜǘǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕnjǙǒǛNJǜǦ ǛǔǘǍǘ~nƷǒǔNJǔǒǟǜǚǏNjǘnjNJǗǒǓnjǚǘǎǏǽǎǏǕNJǓǜNJǔǒcnjǛǏǻ ǗǒǩǘNjǤǏǖǘnjǒǑǕǘǖNJǗǗǥǓǔǘǗǏǔǔǚǥǢǒƼǘǕǦǔǘǜǘǜǎǘǖ ǎǘǖ ǎǕǒǗǗǥǓǛcǙǏǚǏǛǏǔNJǨǣǒǖǒǛǩǔǚǥǢNJǖǒ ǗNJǖǏǛǜǏ
ǛǩnjcǐǏǛǜǔǘǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǗǥǓǝǡNJǛǜǘǔƼǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘnǕǘǍǒ NJcǜǘǕǦǔǘǖǩǍǔǘǏǽǗNJǢǏǙǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǏnjǘǜǜNJǔǘǏǻǒcǔNJǔǍǘnjǘ ǛǜǘǩǕǗNJǑǏǖǕǏǒcǜǏǖǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǒǑǏǖǕǩǕǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏ ǛǕǝǐǏNjǗǘǍǘǞǕǒǍǏǕǩcǷǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǎǘǖǗNJǖǏǛǜǏNjNJǗǒcǷ
ǔNJǧǚǔǏǚNJ~ǎǘNjǚNJǜǦǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǨǣǝǨǙǕǘǣNJǎǦǜNJǖǍǎǏ ǚǒǜǛǩǽǗǒnjcǡǏǖǛǏNjǏǗǏǘǜǔNJǑǥnjNJǓǻ~ƹǘǗNJǡNJǕǝǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǚnjǝǣǏǓǛǩǗNJǚǝǐǝnjǒǜNJǕǦǗǘǓǧǗǏǚǍǒǒƱǎǏǛǦǐǏnjǛǏǙǚǒ ǠǏǕǥǓǛǙǘǚǜǒnjǗǘǘǑǎǘǚǘnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛ ǛcNjNJǗǏǓ
ǑNJǔǘǗǖǘǕǡǒǜcǷnjcnjǘǑǎǝǟǏƱǎǏǛǦǏǛǜǦǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏǔǘǏ ǡǜǘnƺǩNjǝǢǒǗǛǔǘǍǘ~ǜǝǜNjǘǕǦǢǏNjǘǍNJǜǛǜnjǘNjǦǏǜnjcǍǕNJǑNJ ǢǕǘnjcǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǧǜǒ NjNJǛǛǏǓǗǘǖǒcNjNJǚǘǖ NJcǛnjǩǑNJǕǒnjǛǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ǕǝǔNJnjǛǜnjǘ ǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǏǎǘǖǖǘǍNjǥǜǦǒcǙǘǖǏǗǦǢǏ Ǘǘ ǗǏǍǘnjǘǚǩǝǐǘcǜǘǖǡǜǘǡNJǛǜǦǎǘǖNJǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǔǘǕǕǏǔ ǘNjǜǏǔNJǏǖǥǏǞǘǚǖǥǔNJǔǔǚǥǕǦǩǙǘǎǗǩǕǒǎǘǖnjcnjǘǑǎǝǟ ǗǥǏǖǘǛǜǔǒcǷǙǚǒǡǏǖnjǛǏǘǗǒǗNJǛnjNJǩǟǔNJǔǙǘǜǚǏNjǘnjNJ
ǧǜǘǜǘǜǚǏǎǔǒǓǛǕǝǡNJǓǔǘǍǎNJNJǙǙǏǜǒǜǥǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJnjǔǝ ǠǒǩǖǝǑǏǓǗǘǍǘǝǚǘnjǗǩcǷǔNJǔǔǛǜNJǜǒǒcǝcƻǜǏǙNJǗNJƹNJnj ƺǏǑǘǗǗǥǓnjǘǙǚǘǛǑNJǡǏǖnjǛǩǧǜNJnƱNJǟNJ ǗǒǨǖǏǛǜǗǥǟnǑǏǕǏǗǥǟ~ǜNJǔǒcǙǘǙǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǨǟǘǑǩǓǔǒ
ǙǏǛcǞNJǗǜNJǑǒǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǕǒǗNJǛnjǏǜǡǝǎǘ ǕǘnjǒǡNJƷǘǙǘǜǘǖǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǢǦǡǜǘǗǒǔNJǔǒǟNjNJǗNJǕǦǗǥǟ ƿNJǎǒǎ~ǑNJǡǏǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝǘǜǚǥnjNJǜǦǛǩǘǜǜǘǓ ǎǘǖNJnǙǘǚǏǐǏǛǙǝǛǔNJǜǦǛǩǒcǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǜǦǛǩ~ƴǛǜNJǜǒǎNJǡǝ

314 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

LjǚǒǩƪǗǎǚǘǙǘnjNJnjcǧǛǜǘǗǛǔǘǖƹǩǚǗǝǙǏǚǏǎǏǕNJǕǒǗNJǘ ǒcǚNJǛǔǚǝǜǒǕǒǜNJǔcǷnjǢǢǢǒǔcǷǔǚǝǜNJǗǝǕǒǒcǘǗǙǘ
NjǘǚǘǜnjcǎǘǖǘǜǎǥǟNJ ǜNJǔǒcǗNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩcǷ:MPPE%RHVSTSɨ  ǕǝǡǒǕǛǩǔNJǔNjǥǛǙǒǚNJǕǦƹǘǜǘǖǏǏǛǗǘnjNJǛǕǘǐǒǕǒǙǘǎ
NJcǧǜǘǢǒǔNJǚǗǥǓǙǘǛǜǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǏǣǏǒcǘǡǏǗǦǏnjǚǘǙǏǓ cǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjǒcnjǘǜǜǘǍǎNJnjǥǢǕNJǜNJǔNJǩǢǜǝǔNJ~
ǛǔǒǓǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcƹǚǒNjNJǕǜǒǔǏǒcǖǘǍǛǕǝǡǒǜǦǛǩ NJǚǟǒ ƹǚǘǛǜǘǎǝǢǗǥǏ ǔNJǔnjǛǏǍǎNJ ǔǘǖǖǏǗ
ǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƺNJǓǗǏƴNJǚǙǒcƶǒǧǕǏƼǚǝǝ ƲcǧǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǓ ǜNJǚǒǒ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJ ǗǏ ǎǘǕǐǗǥ ǑNJǖǥǕǒǜǦ ǜǘǍǘ ǞNJǔǜNJ
ǛǕǝǡNJǓnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƻƻƻƺǔǘǍǎNJNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜ ǡǜǘǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǍǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩǗǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ
ǘǎǏnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷǒcǗǏǛǕǝǡNJǓǗǘǑǎǏǛǦnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǜ ǗǘǒcnjcǖǒǚǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ ǔNJǔǒcǙǘǕǏǜǔǘǗǛǘǕǒǗǏ
ǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǏǝǍǕǥǙǘǘǔǚǝǐǗǘǛǜǒnjǥǚǏǑNJǗǗǥǏǔǘǗǛǘǕǒ ǎǘǕǐǏǗ ǑNJǜǖǒǜǦ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǓ ǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǦ njǗǝǜǚǒ 
ǔǚǝǍǕǥǏǘǔǗNJƽcƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjNJnjǛǏǏǣǏǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǏǏ ƷǘǖǥǜNJǔǖǗǘǍǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǖǘNjǧǜǘǓǔǘǗǛǘǕǒǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘ
ǘǎǗNJǔǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǒǝǖǝǎǚǒǕǒǛǦǑNJǢǒǜǦNjǏǜǘǗnjcǎǏǚǏnjǘ ǒǖǏǗǗǘǘǗNJǛǎǏǕNJǕNJǘǚǍNJǗǒǡǗǘǓǧǜǝǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǘǛǜǦ
ǜNJǔNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘǡǜǘǛǜǥǔǒǙǘǡǜǒǗǏnjǒǎǗǥƪcǙǘnjǘǚǘǜ ǙǘǎǗǩnjǢǒǛǦnjcnjǘǑǎǝǟǎǘǖǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǙǏǚǏǢǏǕnjcǒǗǘǏ
ǎǘǖNJǗNJǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǑǎǏǛǦǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǏǜNJǔ NJǍǚǏǍNJǜǗǘǏǛǘǛǜǘǩǗǒǏǙǘǜǏǔǙǘǙǕǥǕƵǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǚNJnj
ǗǏǕǘnjǔǘǔNJǔnjcnǙǒǚǘǍǘnjǛǔǘǖ~nƮǘǖǏǛǔNJǜǏ~ 29 ƴǝǑǏǖ ǗǒǜǦǏǍǘǛcǜNJǔǒǖǒǖǒǚǘnjǥǖǒǢǏǎǏnjǚNJǖǒǔNJǔǞǒǕǒNJǕ
NjNJǏnjǝǙǚǩǖǘǎnjǒǐǏǜǛǩnjǙǏǚǏǎ ǒcnjnjǏǚǟ  ǀǏǗǜǚNJƹǘǖǙǒǎǝnjcƶǏǜǠǏ ǂǒǍǏǚǝƫNJǗ ǒǕǒǙNJ
ƼǏǖNJǙǘǕǏǜNJǗNJǢǕNJǙǘǕǗǘǏǙǘǗǒǖNJǗǒǏ njǒǕǦǘǗǗNJLJƴƻƹƸnjcƭNJǗǗǘnjǏǚǏ ƼǘǖNJǛƿǏǚǠǘǍ 
ǝcǟǘǑǩǓǔǒǎǘǖNJnƬǥǩǛǗǒǕǘǛǦǡǜǘƯǕǏǗNJnjǛǏǍǎNJǕǨNjǒ Ʒǘ njǛǏ ǧǜǘ njǛǏǜNJǔǒ ǔǚǥǢǒ ǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘ ǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǣǒǏ
ǕNJǔǘǗǛǘǕǒǽƵǨNjǕǨǛnjǏǚǟǝǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǁǜǘNjǥǎǘǖǔNJǔ njcǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏǛcǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǚǘǡǏǍǘƯǣǏǚNJǗǦ
NjǥNjNJǕǔǘǗǘǖnjǒǛǏǕǒcǧǞǞǏǔǜǙNJǚǏǗǒǩNjǥǕǻ~ƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩ ǢǏnjcǜǝǐǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǎnjǒǗǝǕǛǩƫNJǚǜƹǚǒǗǛcǷnjǑǩǜǦǏǍǘ
ǐǏǡǜǘǝǛNJǎǦNjNJǛǜǘǒǜǛǚNJǑǝǗNJǎnjǝǟǘǑǏǚNJǟƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnj ǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓ nƮǘǖǍǚǒNj~ Ʈǐǘ ƹǚNJǓǛNJ njc ƴNJǕǒǞǘǚǗǒǒ
nǚNJǑnjǏǜnjǒǕ~ǎǘǖǒcǗNJǙǚNJnjǒǕǎnjǏǏǍǘǔǘǗǛǘǕǒ ǘǎǗNJcǷ Ƕ ǗǘǜNJǖǧǔǛǜǚNJnjNJǍNJǗǜǗǘǛǜǦǙǚǏnjNJǕǒǚǝǏǜǗNJǎ
njǥǕǏǜǘǖcǖǏǜǚǘnjǎǚǝǍNJǩcǷnjcǘǎǗǘǓcǷǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩ njǛǩǔǘǓǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǗǘǛǜǦǨƯǛǜǦǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜǘǡǏǗǦǛǜǚǝǔ
ǙǘǕǘnjǒǗNJnjcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩ njcǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǧǜǒǟ ǜǝǚǗǥǏnǔǚǒnjǝǕǒ~ǍǘǕǦǞǔǕǝNjǜǘǍǘǐǏƫNJǗNJnjcLjǐǗǘǓ
ǘǑǏǚnƻǗNJǡNJǕNJǖǥǙǘǎǙǚǩǖǥǖǝǍǕǘǖǛǘǍǗǝǕǒǒǛǟǘǎ ƴǘǚǏǏ  ǒǕǒǗNJǝǡǗǥǓǠǏǗǜǚnjcƴǒǜNJǏǘǜ093WXYHMS
ǗǥǓǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǒǔǗǘǧǜǘǙǘǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦǔNJǔǜǘǗǏǘǡǏǗǦ  ǗǘǜNJǖǛǒǕǦǗǘǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǏǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǛǩǗNJNjǘǚǘǖ
LJǜǘǜǎǘǖǎǘǕǐǏǗNjǥǕNjǥǜǦǛǕǘǐǗǏǏƼǘǍǎNJǖǥǏǍǘnjǑǩǕǒ ǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnj

316 
 
N"RU ) "‡ ;U)^_) ^NU"U)‰V"* UV X.V*JV^X‡Œ
W<"<*'*ˆRU' ™#)"RU'-< ;X'- "V-š NU'* UNR "<R*"*XUŠ
92.
sr\)Y^T_)`  &
SVUV NU' W<;XU*JVXU") N)W NX^#- ;XU*JV
!‡) N*)R !‡VXU RU R SVU' "* wVU;UŠ
ɭ ɮ WVRU UX#R_RU' ;XUVXRV"* #UVRUˆ "<UVXU' ;U)Š 

 

 +, X)U‰F JJ SVU U!‡_RU !‡"*V ^<NX^# R* RŠ
RU' JURVXVU" <N*ˆ J!R*V* "<'*NVV"RUˆ ;)‰R*    &    a)‰ R*U!.UN'W ^''- ;^VW ;U)VUX #UN W<"‡)UŠ
<"NU' R U#XU'R^] ;U_V ;X'‡J]~^] J<NU'^ !*X*w^ x) ;XU*JV "<U`*V 'R* ;Uw"UR) _*)U"*J <Jw) _VU

 &  S>IL:>HJT
<')‡ˆ J)^# R U!aXR‡. ;RUX'R‡. V*XX. ".UŠ .U_*V ;UVXUV‰ '*RRU VJUˆ NU'- "<VUV x* N*R‰ '‡ "VX*Š
NW~. "<)RNaTV JJ RUx "<')U <"R*w;RUˆ !*)UŠ    ) 7K>M;<>R V)‰ _VU!‡ U!^NV‰ N*V)- UJw)U‰ _VU UR .U_*V ;UŠ
R*xRUˆ w'Uˆ w< <RN< U#XU'R‡' XwR‡' UJR'<   *% !" # VXUV‰ ;*X"‡ˆ NU' R ^_VJ* JUVUX‡ˆ "<!^N^~*' VR*V
;U)^_)- VUVR N*)) N*ˆV"V*)‰RU 'U~R^] JX^V^]b (- #UV*"‡' NU'U' <!R*ˆ- ;XU*JV UV)W ;U_V !*w w'*Š
U_*R‰ )‰R^] <R*xR^] aV^J^-   -"- X%%%  -#- R*Rˆ< )a‰ ^"*)_) R ;U)'*VX aXR^ <NU!")

    

<- J   '$- *
 F ‘q‘˜O… ?>@= UJRU "<;)‰R] JUVUXW ;U)* X*JURVX^J` VR*V ^Š
RUˆF _*X*w #UVU"U* UV"*XV* 'UxRU !^N*V "‡"*V N‡'UŠ
.UN ;*_-

ǛNJǗǝǑǏǕǒcǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩnljcǚǏǢǒǕǡǜǘ
ǜNJǖNjǝǚǗǏǗǝǐǏǗǗǘǙǚǒǟǘǐNJǩnjcǗNJ
ǢǒǟǢǒǚǘǜNJǟǘNjǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗNJcǷǡǜǘNjǥǗǏ
ǚNJǛǜNJǛǔǒnjNJǜǦǍǚǩǑǦǙǘnjǛǏǖǝǎǘǖǝ~
ƼǝǎNJǐǏǛǙǚǩǜNJǕǛǩnjǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǥǓǢǔNJǞ
ǎǕǩǘǎǏǐǎǥNJcǝǐǏnjcǗǏǍǘcǷǝǑǏǕnjnjǘ
ǎNJnjǘǎǥnǡǜǘNjǥnjcǛNJǗǝǑǕǏǗǏNjǥǕǘǗǏ
ǙǚǒǍǕǩǎǗǥǟǞǒǕǦǜǚǘnjǚNJǛǢǒǚǒǜǏǕǩ
njǘǎǘǗNJǍǚǏnjNJǜǏǕǩ~
ƸǛnjǏǣNJǏǜǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚ ǒcǛǔǚNJǎǥnjNJǏǜǏǍǘ
ǝǜǕǘǛǜǦ ǘǔǗǘnjǘnjǏǛǦǞNJǛNJǎNJcǙǘǜǘǚ
ǠǏnjǘǓǛǜǏǗǏǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǥǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǏ
ǘǔǗNJNjǘǓǗǒǠǥƿNJǘǜǒǡǗǥǘǗǒǕǒǢǦǗNJ
ƱǎǏǛǦǐǏnjǛǏnjǔǚǒnjǦǒcnjǔǘǛǦǛǜǏǗǥǔǚǥ ƸNjǚNJǑǠǘnjǙǘǎǘNjǗǘǍǘnǜǘǜNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǎǒǑNJǓǗNJ~ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ɭ a
 !- T

 ǙǏǚnjǥǓnjǑǍǕǩǎǙǘǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǒǘǔǗNJ
ǢǒǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥǔNJǖǒǗǥƷǘnjǘǙǏǚnjǥǟnjǛǏǧǜǒǘǜǔǕǘǗǏǗǒǩ ǗNJǩ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ ǑǗNJǏǜ ǗǏ ǜNJǔ ǖǗǘǍǘ ǚNJǑnjǏ ǡǜǘ ǎǘǖ ` ; %
 <' ǙǚǒnjǩǑNJǗǥǔcǢNJǍǝǛǜǘǏǔǔNJǚǔNJǛNJNJcǙǘ
ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǥ ǟǘǜǩǒcǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǥ NJcǘNjǝǛǕǘnj ƪǎǘǕǦǞNJƱǘǖǖǏǚǞǏǕǦǎNJ  cǷǙǏǚnjǥǓǔǘǕǕǏǔǜǒnj T
- ?>@> njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǒǚǏNJǍǒǚǝǨǜǗNJǗǝǐǎǥǒǗǜǏ
ǕǏǗǥǙǘǒǛǔNJǖǒǛnjǏǜNJǒcnjǒǎǘnjNJcnjǘnjǜǘǚǥǟǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓ ǗǥǓ Ǚǚǘǎǝǔǜ ƫNJǝǟNJǝǛNJ Ǚǘǖǒǖǘ ƬNJǕǦǜǏǚNJ ƭǚǘǙǒǝǛNJ ɮ X J%
<'
v  ǚǦǏǚNJǙǘǗǒǐǏǝcǖNJǜǚNJǛNJǡǜǘNjǥǗǘǡǦǨ
ǗǘǛǜǦǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǜǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǗǘǛǜǒǒcǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦ ǗNJǎǗǒǖǜǚǝǎǒǕǒǛǦƶNJǚǛǏǕǦƫǚǘǓǏǚƪǎǘǕǦǞƶǏǓǏǚ V- N ]
 ǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǘǜǔǚǥǜǦǘǔǗǘNJcǝcǚNJ
ǗǘǛǜǒƯǛǕǒǙǘǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗNJǙǕNJǗǎǘǖNJcǷnjǛǏǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǘ ƳǘǑǏǞƪǕǦNjǏǚǛ NJcǏǍǘǟǘǑǩǒǗNjǥǕǙǏǚnjǥǖnjcƫǏǚǕǒǗǏ  %  <; NjǘǡǏǍǘǛǜǘǕNJcǷǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǍǕNJǑƬǛǏ
ǒcǕǘǍǒǡǗǘƼǏǚǚNJǛNJǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǔǝǟǗǩǙǘǜǘǖcǷ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǏǕǏǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǙNJǗǏǕǏǓǎǕǩǖNJǛǛǘnjǘǍǘ S 
- - @G=I ǙǚǘǏǖǥǔNJǔnjǗǝǜǚǒǜNJǔǒcǛǗNJǚǝǐǒnjǖǏ
ǙǘnjǘǚǘǜǒcǎNJǕǦǢǏǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǛNJǗǝǑǕǥǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJƭǚǘǙǒǝǛǛcǔǘǖNJǗǎǘǓǗǏǘǛǜNJnjǕǩǨǜNjǏǑ ǛǜǘǗNJǕǒǡǗǒǔǘnjǘǞǘǚǖǕǏǗǥǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ
ƷǘnjcǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒnjǛǏǧǜǘǑNJǟnjNJǜǥnjNJǨǣǒǓǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǦnNjǝǓ njǗǒǖNJǗǒǩǗǒǘǎǒǗǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǥǓǖǒǕǕǒǖǏǜǚǛǜǏǗǥǘǗǒ ǗǥǖǒǘǜǔǘǛNJǖǒƵNJǖǒǗNJǜnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏ
ǛǜnjǘǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǓ~ǔNJǔnjǥǚNJǐNJǏǜǛǩNJnjǜǘǚnƬǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǏ ǑNJǙǘǕǗǩǨǜnjǛǏǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǗǏǓǢǒǖǒǘǚ ǜǘǍǘǐǏǠnjǏǜNJǒcǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǡǜǘǒcǙNJ
ǛǜǏǗǥǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩǒǑǙǕǘǛǔǒǟǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǏǓnjcǍǕǝNjǘǔǘ ǗNJǖǏǗǜNJǖǒcǷǗǘnjǛǏǜNJǔǒnjcǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǚǏ ǕǝNjǗNJǩǎǘǛǔNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǥcǷnjcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏ
njǑǚǥǜǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǗǥǏǙǘǚǒǛǜǥǏǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǥǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǣǒǏ ǢNJǏǜ ǙǘǟǘǐǝǨ ǑNJǎNJǡǝc Ƿ Ǘǘ ǝǐǏ njc ǜǚǏǟ ǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǩǟ ǘǗNJnjǘǛǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔǡNJǛǜǦǒǗǜǏ
ǜNJǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǔǝǛǜNJǚǗǒǔǒǒcǖǟǒcǷǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚ ƻǡNJǛǜǕǒnjNJǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦnǗǒnjcǡǏǖǛǏNjǏǗǏǘǜǔNJǑǥnjNJǜǦ~ ƹǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǥǓnjcǖǒǚǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǐNJǗǚnǖǒǔǚǘǎǘǖNJ~ ǚǦǏǚNJƸNjǏǎǏǗǗǥǓǛǜǘǕǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓǡǜǘNjǥǗǏǙǏǚǏ
ǞǒǕǘǛǘǞƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƺNJǙǙNJǙǘǚǜcǷƪnjǜǘǚǛǔNJǩǔǘǗǠǏǙǠǒǩ ǙǘǑnjǘǕǒǕNJƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǝnjǥǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǧǎNJǔǒǏǖǏǍNJǚǩǎǥ GEFMR njcƺǘǛǛǒǒǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǚǏǎǔǘǓǙǜǒǠǏǓƫǘǍNJǜǥǓǑNJ ǔǚǥnjNJǜǦǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘ
ǗNJǙǏǚnjǥǓnjǑǍǕǩǎǝǐǏǗǏǒǖǏǨǣNJǩǗǒǡǏǍǘǘNjǣǏǍǘǛcǎǏǔǕNJ NjǝǎǦǜǘnǔǒǚǙǒǡǒ~ǎǒnjNJǗNJǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǥǛnjǏǜǒǕǦǗǒǔǘnj ǔNJǑǡǒǔǗǏNjǝǎǏǜǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǎǘǖNjǏǎǗǥǓǛǔǘǚǏǏ ƬǛǏǧǜǘǝǐǏǙǘǡǜǒǜǒǙǘnjǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǘǎ
ǚNJǜǒnjǗǥǖǒǝǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǩǖǒNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǏǜǜǝǜ ǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǥǔNJǖǒǗNJƷǘǧǜǘǗNJǚNJǣǒnjNJǗǒǏǗǏǖNJǛǛǥǎǏǚǏ ǘNjǘǓǎǏǜǛǩǜǒǙǘnjǥǖǣǒǜǘnjǥǖNJcǛǚǏǎǗǒǓǔǕNJǛǛǔǘǜǘǚǥǓ ǗNJǔǘǎNJǐǏnjcǧǜǘǖǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǏƯǍǘǚǥǡǏnjǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǟǘǎǔǘǜǘ
ǍǕǝNjǒǗǗǘǏǛǟǘǎǛǜnjǘǛcǗǒǖǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǩǩǙǚǏǎǖǏǜǗǘǛǜǦ njNJNJcǚNJǑǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǩǚNJǔǝǚǛǘnjƲcǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǒ ǖǘǍNjǥǛǜNJǜǦǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǙǘǜǚǏNjǒǜǏǕǏǖǧǜǘǍǘǙǚǘǎǝǔǜNJǜNJǔ ǚǥǓǛǚNJǑǝǎǏǕNJǏǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǥǖƸǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘ
ǛǜǏǗǝǜǚNJǡǒnjNJǨǣǒǟǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǗǘǛǜǦǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǨǣǒǟǛǩ ǧǜǒǟǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘnjIRQEWWInjǑǩǕǒnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏnǎǏǚǐNJǔǘnj~ njcǛǜǚNJǗǏǒcǗǏǛǕǘǐǒǕǛǩƲcǎNJǐǏǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǣǒǏnjcǧǜǘǓ NjǨǎǐǏǜǗǘǖǝǎǘǖǝnjǥǍǘǎǗǏǏǛǔNJǜǗNJǩǔǚǘnjǕǩNJcǜNJǔǘǖǝǔǘǖ
njcǖNJǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǏǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚǥ~ ǔNJǚǜǒǗǘǔǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnǎǏǚǐNJǜ~ǙǘǕǘǛǝ ǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǥǔǗǒ ǔǗǒǍǏǖǒǔǚǘǎǘǖNJǒǕǒǒǖǏǨǜǛǜNJǜǝǛǛǝǍǝNjǘǧǔǛǙǏǚǒ ǙNJǔǜǗǘǖǝcǷǘǎǗǘǛǔNJǜǗNJǩƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǏǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnj
ƮNJ ǛǕǘǐǗǘ ǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦ ǘNj NJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǏ ǍǒǙǘǛnjǩǣǏǗǗǘǓǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖǝ ǖǏǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǟǒǕǒcǷǔNJǔnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~ 66 cǷǗNJǡNJǕǒǚNJǑ ǕǏǗǒǩǘcǞNJǛNJǎǏǎǒǔǜǝǨǜǛǔNJǜǝnǙNJǎNJǜǦ~ǗNJǑNJǎǚNJǛǔǚǥnjNJǩ
ǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǩǎǘǖǖǒǕǕǒNJǚǎǏǚNJǗǘǙǘǚǥnjǔcǐǒǑǗǏǛǜǚǘ ƴǗǒǍNJ NJcǜǘǡǗǏǏcǷǚǘǛǔǘǢǗǥǓNJǕǦNjǘǖ ǚNJǑǛǜNJǜǦǛǩǒcnjcǚNJǑǚǩǎnǖǒǔǚǘ~ǙǘǖǏǣNJǜǦǛǩǙǏǚǏǛǜNJǕǒ ǎǘǖǝǕǒǠǏ ǒǕǒǝǡNJǛǜǔǝ ƷǘǜNJǔǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJ
ǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǝ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǜǘǜ ǐǏ ǗǏǎNJǚǘǖ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnj ǎǏǕNJǏǜ njǥǢǕNJǘǎǗǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǛcǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǏǖǎǘǖNJǡǜǘǔǘǗǏǡ ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǖǒǔǚǘǎǘǖƯǍǘǚǥǡǏnjNJǘǔNJǑǥ ǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǎǏǕNJǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǘǏ NJcǑǗNJǡǒǜǎǘǚǘǍǘǏ ǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǏ
njcǝǛNJǎǦNjǏnjǛǏnjǔǕǨǡNJǩǖǏNjǏǕǦƵǨǛǜǚNJnjcnjǒǎǏǙǏǚǏ ǗǘǑnjǝǡǒǜǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjǥǑǥnjNJǨǣǏǗǘnjǙǘǕǗǏNJǎǏǔnjNJǜ njNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǙǚǏǐǗǏǖǝǠǏǗǗǥǖǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǏǕǏǖǧǜǘǍǘ ǗǘǒcǘNjǏǛǛǖǥǛǕǒnjNJǏǜnjǜǘǚǘǓcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǥǓcǷǝǚǘnjǏǗǦǔǘ
njǏǚǗǝǜǘǓǕǘǎǔǒǎǒnjNJǗǒǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǔǒǚǙǒǡǏǓǛǜǝ ǗǘǜǘǖǝnnjǥǑǘnjǝ~ǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǛǜNJǕǛNJǖǎǘǖƷǝNJcǜǘǡǜǘ ǐNJǗǚNJƹǚǒnjǛǏǓǖǒǗǒNJǜǨǚǗǘǛǜǒǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǟǘǑǩǒǗǟǘǜǏǕ ǜǘǚǥǓǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǒǞNJǛNJǎǏƯǍǘǚǥǡǏnjǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǚǏ
ǕǦǩǙǘǖǘǜǒnjNJǖǕNJǜǥǢǛǔǘǍǘǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜNJǛǜǘǕnƴNJǗǦǘǗ~ ǘǗǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗnjcƵNJǜnjǒǒǙǏǚǏNjǚNJǛǥnjNJǏǜǖǘǛǜǒǔnjcǗNJǡNJ ǡǜǘNjǒcǍǘǛǜǒǙǘǖǏǛǜǒǕǒǛǦcǷǜNJǔnjǘǑǗǒǔnjǜǘǚǘǓǝǚǘnjǏǗǦ ǢNJǏǜǧǜǝǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǗNJǔǕǘǗǩǩǛǔNJǜǒcǗǒnjǙǏǚǏǎǒcǗǒǗNJǑNJǎ
ǒǑǎǝNjǘnjǥǟǕNJǖǏǕǏǓǙǚǘǕǘǐǏǗǗǥǟǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǎǚǝǍǘǓ ǕǘǟǍǘǎǘnjǔǘǍǎNJǙǚǒNjNJǕǜǒǓǛǔǒǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥǗǏ ǗǏǧǜNJǐǗǘNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦ nǙǘǕǝǜǘǚǔNJ~ǗNJǙǚǘǞǐNJǚǍǘǗǏ  NJcnjNjǘǔ ǗNJǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjǡǜǘǏǛǜǦǖǒǗǒǖNJǕǦǗǘǎǘǙǝǛǜǒǖǥǓ
ǛǜǘǕǔǘǜǘǚǥǓƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǏǣǏǕǏǜǗNJǑNJǎ ǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǏǚnjǥǖǒǘǎǏǕǒNjǏǜǘǗnjcǎǏǚǏnjǘǗǘǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏ ƬǖǏǛǜǏǛǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǓǙǏǚnjǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJǒcǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǗǥǖǎǒnjNJ ǝǔǕǘǗǎǕǩǙǚǘǞǕǒǛǜNJ ƬcǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǏǝcǘǔǗNJǗNJNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǒ
ǍǒǍNJǗǜǛǔǒǓǙǘǕǘǍǔǘǗǛǘǕǦǗNJǎǔǚǘnjNJǜǦǨǒǑǔǕǏǏǗǘǓǞNJ ǙǏǚnjǥǖǒnjcƻƻƻƺǛǜNJǕǒǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǛcǎǏǚǏ ǗǘǖnjcǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǧǜǘǎNJǕǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǥǟǖǏǛǜƭǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǙǏ ǙǘǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǚNJNjǘǡǏǏǖǏǛǜǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǑNJǗǒǖ
ǗǏǚǥǛǜǝǕǦǩǔNJǔNjǝǎǜǘǒǑǤǏǎǏǗǗǥǏǐǝǔNJǖǒǔǘǚǘǏǎNJǖǒ njǘǖnjcǜǘǖǡǒǛǕǏcǷnjcǐNJǗǚǏǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǚǏǜǏǔNJǏǜnjcǛǜǘǕǘnjǝǨǜNJcǷnjcǔǝǟǗǨnjǥǍǘǚǘǐǏǗǥǜǘǕǦǔǘ njcǍǕǝNjǒǗǏNJcǎǘǖǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜnjǙǘǕǗǏǗǘnjNJǜǘǚǛǔǒǓǞNJǛNJǎ

318 
93.
0 
ɭ   '
:
-
<

Denœ sž Vslfhm-
2014


 
 
 3
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

 
 .
     ) JFH7K; DKJ:K<
  ((6 !" #
(-

 )     ) 

ɭ
ǠǏǙǕǩǨǣǒǖǛǩǑNJǑǏǖǕǨǒcǙǘnjǏǚǗǝǜǘǓnjcǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǍǘ
ǕǘnjǘǓƬcǍǘǕǘnjǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǟǘǑǩǒǗNJnjcǟnjǘ
ǛǜǏcǷǔǕNJǎǘnjǔNJƪcnjǥǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǧǜǒǟǞǝǗǔǠǒǓnjcǘǜǎǏǕǦ
ǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǟǚǏNjǜNJǖǒǛcǘǛǗǘnjǗǥǖ
NjǚǨǟǘǖ njǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǛǙǘǚǗǘǟǘǜǩnjǘǑǗǒǔǢǒǏǙǘǎǟǚǏNj
ǜNJǖǒ ǙǝǛǜǘǜǥ ǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǨǜǛǩ NjǘǕǦǢNJǩc Ƿ ǔNJǔ ǍNJǚNJǐ
njcǖǏǗǦǢǏǓǒǍǚNJǨǜnjcǙǒǗǍǙǘǗǍ ǗǝǐǗǥǘǗǒnjǛǏǐǏǩnjǗǘ
ǒǑǛǘǘNjǚNJǐǏǗǒǓǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǒ
ƸǙǚǏǎǏǕǒǕǒǐǏǘǗǝǨǔǘǖǙǘǑǒǠǒǨǙǘ
ǐǏǕNJǗǒǩNjǝǎǝǣǒǟǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǏǓnƸǎǒǗǡǕǏǗǗNJǢǏǓǛǏ
ǖǦǒǛǔNJǑNJǕǽljǕǨNjǕǨǛǖǘǜǚǏǜǦǗNJǑNJǔNJǜǻƪcǎǚǝǍǘǓǛǔNJ
ǑNJǕǽƪǩcǕǨNjǕǨǡǜǘNjǥǖǏǗǩNjǝǎǒǕǒǛǘǕǗǏǡǗǥǏǕǝǡǒǻ~
ƼǘǍǎNJƶǒǢǒǗǙǚǒǖǘǜNJǕǔcǝǎǘǡǔǏNJǓǞǘǗǒcǘǜǙǚNJnjǒǕǛǩ
ǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǚǘnjNJǜǦnǗǝǐǗǥǏǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǙǏǓǑNJǐǏǓǡǜǘ
NjǥǙǘǜǘǖǑNJǔǕǨǡǒǜǦǒǟnjcǙǚNJnjǒǕǦǗǥǖǘNjǚNJǑǘǖǚNJǛǙǘ
ǕǘǐǏǗǗǥǏǚNJǖǥǘǔǘǗǗǥǟǙǚǘǏǖǘnjƻǎǏǕNJǕǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǘ
ǛǘǜǏǗǞǘǜǘǒcnjǒǎǏǘǙǚǘNJǗNJǕǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǕnjǒǎǥǒcnjǥNjǚNJǕ
ǒǑǗǒǟǜǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǝǛǜǚǘǒǕǒnjǛǏǟƬc(ǖǘǎǏǕǒnjǥǛǜNJ
njǒǕǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚǘǔǘǗNJcǜǏǕǘǖǎǘǖNJǘNjǕǏǙǒǕ
ǒǟƮǘǖǚǘǎǒǕǛǩǔNJǔǗNJNjǘǚǐǒnjǘǙǒǛǗǥǟǚNJǖnjǒǎǘnjǒǑ
ǘǔǘǗ~ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘnǘNjǕǏǙǒǜǦǗǝǐǗǥǏnjǒǎǥ~ǖǘǍNjǥǎǘǖ
ǖǗǘǍǘnjǏǔǘnjǗNJǑNJǎǛǜǚǘǩǛǜNJnjǔǒǚǔǒǗǘǜǘǍǎNJǍǕNJnjǗǥǖ ǒcǕǨNjǘǓǒǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥǒcǍǘǚNJǑǎǘǖǏǗǏǏǑNJǜǏǓǕǒnjǘǓ
ǒcǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǎǘǛǜǘǒǗǛǜnjǘǖnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǙǘ ƲcǛcǍǘǚNJǑǎǘNjǘǕǏǏǧǔǘǗǘǖǗǥǖǚNJǛǟǘǎǘǖǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJ
ǕNJǍNJǕǒǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǝǛNJǎǔǒǘcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǒcǙǒǛNJǕƻǘNjǘǕǦ ƲcǏǛǕǒnjǥǢǏǝǙǘǖǩǗǝǜǥǏǙǝǛǜǘǜǥǗNJǟǘǎǩǜǛǏNjǏǗNJǑǗNJ
ǣǒǔǘnjƻǏǍǘǎǗǩǐǏǗNJǙǏǚnjǥǓǙǕNJǗnjǥǟǘǎǒǜnjǘǑǖǘǐ ǡǏǗǒǏǜǘǕǘǖNJǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǒcǙǘǜǘǕǔǒnjcǙǚǘǏǖNJǟǗǏǘNjǝ
ǗǘǛǜǦǎǏǕNJǜǦǒǑnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǜǘǡǜǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘ ǛǕǘnjǕǏǗǥǗǒǡǏǖǔǚǘǖǏǔNJǔǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦǨǙǘǎǟnjNJ
ǒǑǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǗNJǔǕǘǗǗǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǘǛǜǚǥǏǒcǜǝǙǥǏ ǜǒǜǦǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǨǔǚǥǢǒcǷǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǒcnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏǧǜǒ
njcǙǕNJǗǏǝǍǕǥƹǚNJnjǎNJǎǘǖNJ2EXYVMnjǏǛǦǖNJǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗ ǑǒǍǑNJǍǒǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǛǡǒǜǥnjNJǨǜǛǩƴNJǔnjǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcnjcǑǗNJǖǏ
ǗǥnjcǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǖǙǕNJǗǏNJcƶǒǢǒǗnjǑǩǕǜǝǐǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǨ Ǘǒǜǘǖ0IXXIVFS\LSYWIǘǜ1G&VMHI'LEVPIW6]ER  
ǗǘnjcǞǒǗǛǔǘǖnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǏ ǛcǙNJǑNJǖǒǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǒǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥ ǍǎǏǞNJǛNJǎǞǘǕǦǍǘǨǍǗǏǜǛǩnjǘnjǛǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǗǘǑNJǗǒǖcǷ
ǒcǑNJǎǏǓǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǏǏǧǗǏǚǍǒǡǗǏǏǙǘǔǚNJǓǗǏǓǖǏǚǏǛǒǕǝ ǚǘnjǗǥǓǒcǝǨǜǗǥǓNjǝǚǐǝNJǑǗǥǓǖǒǚǘǔ
ǧǜǎǘǖNJǑǏǕǘǗǏǘNjǥǡǏǗ ƼǘǏǛǜǦǘNjǤǏǔǜƶǒǢǒǗNJǔNJǔǛǔNJǑNJǕǒNjǥ
ƽǧǜǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǏǛǜǦ ǜǘǡǗǏǏNjǥǕ ǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓǙǚǏǎǘǔcǷ ǗǏǖǘǐǏǜǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǒcnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǖǣǏǕǩǖǘNj ƴǚǒnjǒǑǗNJǏǍǘǗǏnǑNJǟNJǟNJǎǒǎǘnjǛǔNJǩ~ njcǙǚǏǐǗǒǏnjǚǏǖǏǗNJǛǝǍǝNjǘnǞǘǚǖNJǕǒǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǓ~Ʒǘ
ǎNJǡNJƫǝǜǝǚǕǒǗNJǗNJƴNJǖǏǗǗǘǖǘǛǜǚǘnjǏ  ǙǏǚnjǘǏ ǚNJǑǘnjNJǜǦǛǩnjcǛǜǏǗNJǟǗǏǜǙǚǒǡǒǗǥƭǕNJǎǔǒǏǖǏǛǜNJǧǜǘǓ NjǒǘǖǘǚǞǗNJǩǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǗNJǩǗNJǜǏǔǝǡǒǟǛnjǘǓǛǜnjNJǟNjǏǜǘ ǧǜǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǎǘǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJNJcǘǗcǷǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǥǓ
njcƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǍǎǏNjǚǏnjǗNJǗǏǕǏǐNJǕǒNJcǛǜǘǩǕǒ NjǏǑǘNjǚNJǑǗǘǓǗǘǘǜǖǏǗǗǘǙǚǘǡǗǘǓǖǘǑNJǒǔǒǩcǑNJǢǒǕ ǗNJNJcnǕǒNjǏǛǔǒǗǎǘnjǛǔNJǩ~cǷǎǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǛǜǛǔNJǩǍǎǏ ǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǔƲcǘǛǘNjǘǏǝǎǘnjǘǕǦǛǜnjǒǏcǷnjǒǎǏǜǦnjcǑǎNJǗǒǒ
ƲǕǒnjǥǚNJǐNJǩǛǦǩǑǥǔǘǖǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓcǷ ǡǒǛǜǥǖǒǘNjǚǏǑǗǥǖǒǎǘǛǔNJǖǒǜǘǕǣǒǗǘǨnjc€ǎǨǓǖNJ ǛNJǖǒǙǕǘǛǔǘǛǜǒcǷǙǚǩǖǥǏǗǘǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǥǙǘǎnjǛǩǔǒǖǒ ǗǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏNjǥǜǘnjǥǟǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJcǘNjǚNJǑǥǒǑǛǏǚǒǒ'MX]
nǎǘǖǒǑnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJ~nƻǘNjǚNJǜǦNjǚǏnjǗNJǘǎǒ ǘǛǜǚǝǍNJnjǒǟnjǛǏǘǡǏǗǦNJǔǔǝǚNJǜǗǘǙǘǘǎǗǘǖǝǢNJNjǕǘǗǝ~ ǗǏǘNjǥǡǗǥǖǒǝǍǕNJǖǒLJǜǘnjǥǎNJǏǜnjcƶǒǢǒǗǏǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǏ SJƼS[IVWǛcǔǘǜǘǚǘǓƶǒǢǒǗǙǘNjǏǎǒǕǔǘǍǎNJǜǘnjcǔǘǗ
ǗNJǔǘnjǘǓǜǘǕǣǒǗǥǚǘnjǗǥǏǡǒǛǜǥǏǗǏǛǝǔǘnjNJǜǥǏNjǥǕǘ ƲǛǜǘǚǒǩnjǘǛǟǒǜǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǒcǎNJǐǏǔNJǔǜǘ ǟǔǘǍǎNJǎǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǛǜǛǔNJǩǎǒǗNJǖǒǔNJNjǥǕNJǛǘ ǔǝǚǛǏnƪǚǟǒƭǚNJǞǒǔNJ~LJǜǘNjǥǕǒNjNJǢǗǒǗNJǗǘǐǔNJǟǜǘǐǏ
ǙǘǕǘǐǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǏǍǘNJnjǜǘǚ ǘNjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘǔǘǖǙNJǗǒǩ2EXYVMǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǙǚǘǎnjǒǍNJǏǜnjcƺǘǛ ǑnjǝǡǗNJǚNJǛǙNJǎǝƻƻƻƺǒcǙǘǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǏǖǝǙǘǕǏǜǝnjcǗǏ ǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJnjǢǒǏ ǐǒnjǥǟ ǛǝǣǏǛǜnj Ǜc ǟNJǘǜǒǡǗǘ ǚNJǑNjǚǘ
ƬNJǛǒǕǒǓƻǘNjǘǕǦǣǒǔǘnjcǷǒcǩcǙǘǎǗǩǕǛǩǗNJǟǒǜǚǘǛǜǦ ǛǒǒǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǨnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘNjǚǝǛNJǙǘǑǒǠǒǘǗǒǚǝǏǜ ǒǑnjǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǦǗǘǏǛǕǒǕǒNjǏǛǔǒǗǎǘnjǛǔǒǏǘNjǤǏǔǜǥǛǜNJ ǛNJǗǗǥǖǒǙǚǘǏǖNJǖǒǛǏǚǥǏǛǗNJǚǝǐǒNjǏǐǏnjǥǏnjǗǝǜǚǒ
ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǖǗǏǝǎNJǕNJǛǦnjǙǘǕǗǏƻǜNJǚǥǓǎǘǖNjǥǕǛǚǝNjǕǏǗ ǏǏǔNJǔNJnjǛǜǚǒǓǛǔǘǏǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǒǏƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǑNJǍǚNJǗǒǡ ǗǘnjǒǕǒǛǦǛcǍǘǎNJǖǒnjǛǏǩǚǘǛǜǗǏǏǒcǧǔǛǜǚǏǖNJǕǦǗǏǏ ǗNJ ǟǘǜǩǒǖǏǗǗǘǧǜNJǜǏǖNJnǗǝǜǚNJ~ǒcnǗNJǚǝǐǒ~ǜǝǜǔNJǔǚNJǑ
ǒǑǜǘǕǛǜǥǟǘǡǏǗǦǟǘǚǘǢǒǟNjǚǏnjǏǗǛǘnjǏǚǢǏǗǗǘnjǥǛǘǟ ǗǘǏǜǝǜǠǏǗǒǕǘǛǦnjǥǢǏǖǏǛǜǗǘǍǘǒcnjǘnjǚǏǖǏǗNJƻǘNjǘǕǦ ǙǘǜǚǏNjǝǚǥǗǔǝǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ ǜǘƶǒǢǒǗǘǛǜNJǕǛǩnjǏǚǏǗ ǒcǙǚǘNjǕǏǖNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǕNJǛǦƫNJǢǗǒǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥnjǥnjǘǚNJ
ǢǒǟǗǘǙǏǚǏǚǏǑNJǗǗǥǟǗNJǖǏǕǔǒǏǔǝǛǔǒǘǔǗNJǖǒǒcǎnjǏǚǦ ǣǒǔǘnjNJNJcǜNJǔǒǏǞǒǍǝǚǗǥǏǙNJǑǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǙǚǘǚǏǑNJǏǜǛǩ ǨǗǘǢǏǛǔǒǖǒǎǏNJǕNJǖƯǍǘǎǘǖNjǕǒǐǏǚNJǗǗǏǖǝƵǒNjǏǛ ǡǒnjNJǕǒǛǦǗNJǒǑǗNJǗǔǝǜǏǚǩǩǍǚNJǗǒǠǥǖǏǐǎǝnjǗǏǢǗǒǖ
ǖǒƲǑǗǘnjǥǟNjǚǏnjǏǗǩcǛǎǏǕNJǕǜǚǒǘNjnjǩǑǔǒnjǗǒǑǝǙǘ ǛǏǍǘǎǗǩnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓNjǚǝǛƬNJǛǒǕǒǨƲnjNJǗǘnjǒǡǝǒcǗǏ ǔǒǗǎǝcǷnjǚǘǎǏǖǝǑǏǩƾǏǕǒǔǛNJƷǨǛNjNJǝǖNJ ƸǛǗNJNjǚǨǔ ǒc njǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǖ ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǕǛǩ Njǝǎǜǘ ǑNJǔǘǗǗǘǓ
ǞǝǗǎNJǖǏǗǜǝǖǏǐǎǝǧǜNJǐNJǖǒǒcǗNJǔǘǗǏǠǙǘǎǔǚǥǢǏǓ ǛǗǒǕǒǛǦƻǜǥǔǝǨǜǛǩNjǚǝǛǦǩǙǘǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǝnǙNJǑǍǚǏNjǏǗǦ~  ǍǎǏǗǏǕǒǗǏǓǗNJǩǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǩǏǣǏǗǏnjǥǟǘǎǒǜǑNJ ǡNJǛǜǦǨ ǞNJǛNJǎNJ ƺǒǛǝǗǔǒ NjǥǕǒ ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐǏǗǒǏǖ ǛǙǘǚNJ
NJcǖǏǐǎǝǘNjnjǩǑǔNJǖǒǑNJNjǚNJǕǘNjǚǝNjǔNJǖǒǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǛǔǚǏǙǕǩǨǜǒǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǗNJǍǏǕǒNJcnjcǔNJǗNJǕǥǗNJǛǜǥ ǚNJǖǔǒǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǟǘNjǤǏǖǘnj ǒcǗǏǎNJǚǘǖǘǗǘNjǕǒǠǘnjNJǗ ǘcǜǘǖnǒǖǏǏǜǕǒǛǖǥǛǕnjcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ
ǛǜNJnjǩǒǟnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǡǜǘNjǝǛǜǚNJǗǒǜǦnjǛǩǔǝǨnjǘǑǖǘǐ ǔNJǟǝǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǘnjǘǎǔNJƻNJǖNJǙǘǛǏNjǏǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǩ ǎǏǚǏnjǘǖ ƮǘǖnjcƬǥǚǒǠǏcǷǧǎNJǔǒǓǔǘǛǘǕNJǙǘǔǚNJǎǝ ǛNJǖǘǙǘǗǩǜǒǏǽǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǻƬǘǑǚNJǐNJǩǛnjǘǏǖǝǛǘNjǏǛǏǎǗǒ
ǗǘǛǜǦǘǛNJǎǔǒƻǜNJǚǘǏǛǝǟǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǘǝǛǥǟNJǜǦNjǘǕǦǢǏ ǒǑnjǏǛǜǗNJǎNJnjǗǘnjcƷǘǚnjǏǍǒǒNjǚǝǛǛǜNJnjǒǕǒǗNJǙǘǙNJǏǣǏ ǣǒǓǛǩǎǚNJǔǘǗǛcNjǘǕǦǢǒǖNjǚǨǟǘǖǜǩǐǏǕǥǖǟnjǘǛǜǘǖ ǔǝǩcǍǘnjǘǚǒǕǡǜǘǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǑǎNJǗǒǩǗNJǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǒcǞNJǛNJǎ

320 

 .
N)W '*RW U_*R‰ "xRU UJRU
"*XR** VU _VU w R*#U "NRU-
W<;UU!*R _' ;W)V‰Š
W "<UJRU w JUVUX‡' R_*#U R* ;XUŠ
.UNV JXU'* R*wR_V*)‰RU#U N"x*RW
"*VUJ- RU#N W<N^'] _VU X.V*JVUX<
SVU 'V*X ;U w#UVU")*R] X' "<JUŠ
VUX‡* NU)xR‡ !‡V‰ wJ)]_*R‡ JXVR‡
'X-

ɮ
ǙǘǚǘǡǗǘ ƲǗǜǏǚǦǏǚ ǎǘǕǐǏǗ NjǥǜǦ ǡNJǛǜǦǨ ɮ zo£hetf Dpkhjfm
ǒc ǚǏǑǝǕǦǜNJǜǘǖ ǘNjǣǒǟ ǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟ ’œkg- ˜fnnfhus ps{mf
ǚǏǢǏǗǒǓ ƹǚǒnjǘǎǒǕ njc ǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏ ǙǚǒǖǏǚNJ <! v 
 
-
2008
ǕǨNjǒǖǥǏ ǖǗǘǨ ǑǎNJǗǒǩ ǗǏ ǒǖǏǨǣǒǏ njǘ
njǛǏǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǘǜǎǏǕǦǗǘǍǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJƷǘǜǚ
ƮNJǖǎǨƸǒǕǒǜǏǚǖǥnjcƬNJǕǦǛǏƴNJǔNJǩǛǒǕNJ
ǛǖǘǐǏǜǘǜǎǏǕǒǜǦnjcǗǒǟǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘǜǧǔǛǜǏ
ǚǦǏǚNJ#~ Ƭc ǚǏNJǕǒǑǘnjNJǗǗǘǖ ǎǘǖǏ ǧǜNJ ǜǏǖNJ
ǗNJǟǘǎǒǜnjǘǙǕǘǣǏǗǒǏnjcǎnjǝǟǙǚǘǏǖNJǟǙǚǘ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǚǏǢǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǗǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦ
ǡNJǛǜǦǨǡǏǍǘǘǗǒǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩcǷǞNJǛNJǎNJǒǕǒǒǗ
ǜǏǚǦǏǚNJƸǗǒcǷnjNJǐǗNJǩǡNJǛǜǦǔNJǔǙǏǚnjǘǍǘ
ǒNjǘǑNJǎNJǨǜǏǖǝǍǕǝNjǒǗǝ ǜNJǔǒcnjǜǘǚǘǍǘ ǒNjǘǛǕǝǐNJǜ ǜǘǡǜǘǗǏǗNJǎǘǗǒǡǏǍǘǎǏǕNJǜǦnLJǕǏǖǏǗǜNJǚǗNJǩǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔ
Ǖǘǎǐǒǩǖǒ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǕǘǎǐǒǩnjcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǖǎǘǖǏcǷ ǠǒǩǗǏǜǚǏNjǝǨǣNJǩǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘǝǟǘǎNJƮǘǛǔǒnjǏǗǜǒǕǒǚǝ
ǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦǡNJǣǏnjǛǏǜNJǔǒǑNJǛnjǩǑǦǛcǙǚǒǚǘǎǘǓǘǜnjǏǡNJ ǨǜǛǩǒcǗǏǍǗǒǨǜnjǛǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ~
ǨǜǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǒǕǒNjNJǕǔǘǗǗǘǘǗǒNjǥǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǕǒǜǘǓ ƼǘǓ ǐǏ ǍǕNJnjǗǘǓ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǡǏǚǜǘǨ NJnj
njǏǕǒǔǘǓǑNJǎNJǡǏǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǛǜNJnjǒǕǙǏǚǏǎǛǘNjǘǓNJnjǜǘǚ ǜǘǚǔǘǔǏǜǕǒnjǘǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǏǜǒcǗǏǖNJǚǔǒǓǠnjǏǜǎǘǖNJnƶǗǏ
ǙǘNjǏǎǒǜǦǍǚNJnjǒǜNJǠǒǨƻǘǑǎNJǜǦǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǘǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǒ ǟǘǜǏǕǘǛǦǡǜǘNjǥǧǜǘNjǥǕǜǏǖǗǥǓǎǘǖǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǏ
ǡǜǘNjǥǔǚǥǢNJǙǕNJnjǗǘǙǏǚǏǜǏǔǕNJnjcǛǜǏǗǝNJcnjǗǒǑǝǜNJǔcǐǏ ǔǚNJǢǏǗǥǓƲǗNJǡǏǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǏǖǏǍǘǙǚǒǢǕǘǛǦNjǥǙǏǚǏ
ǙǕNJnjǗǘǚNJǛǙǕǏǛǔNJǕNJǛǦǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǨ ǔǚNJǢǒnjNJǜǦNJcǩcǕǏǗǒnjƼǘǍǎNJǖǥǛǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǩǖǒnjǑǩǕǒ
LJǜǘǛǜǚǏǖǕǏǗǒǏǔcǍǘǖǘǍǏǗǗǘǛǜǒǎǏǚǏ ǍǘǚǏǕǔǝǒcǘNjǘǐǍǕǒǎǘǛǔǒNJcǙǘǜǘǖǘNjǢǒǕǒǒǖǒǎǘǖ~
njǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǝǏǜǝcNjǏǜǘǗǗǘǓ ǔNJǔNjǘǕǏǏ ƬǗǝǜǚǒǐǏǎǘǖǗNJǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǡǏǗǦǛnjǏǜǕǥǓƷǒǔNJǔǘǓǘǜ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓ ǙǘǙǝǜǗǘǘNjǗNJǚǝǐǒnjNJǩnjcǗǏǓNjǘǕǦǢǝǨ ǎǏǕǔǒǔǚǘǖǏnjǛǏǜǘǍǘǐǏNjǚǝǛNJnƴǘǗǏǡǗǘNjǚǝǛǦǩǘǜ
ǧǗǏǚǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǦƷǘƶǒǢǒǗǔNJǔǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǚǝǛ ǡNJǛǜǒnjǥǣǏǚNjǕǏǗǗǥǏǒcǛǝǡǔǘnjNJǜǥǏcǷǗǝǒcǙǕǏnjNJǜǦǧǜǘ
ǛǔǒǓǖǥǛǕǒǜǏǕǦǛǕǘǐǒǕǞǒǕǘǛǘǞǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǏ ǎNJǐǏǖǒǕǘƶǗǏǗǚNJnjǒǜǛǩǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǗǏǛǜǏǚǒǕǦǗǥǓ~
nǁǜǘǜNJǔǘǏǎǘǖ#LJǜǘǘNjǘǕǘǡǔNJǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǘǜǎǏǕǩǏǜǗNJǛǘǜ ƫǚǝǛNjǥǕǕǒǢǦǛǕǏǍǔNJǙǘNjǏǕǏǗnƿǘǜǏǕǘǛǦǎǘǛǜǒǡǦǧǞ
njǗǏǢǗǏǓǛǚǏǎǥǟǘǕǘǎNJǎǘǐǎǩǟǝǕǒǍNJǗǘnjcǷnjǚNJǐǎǏNj ǞǏǔǜNJǽǛǞǝǖNJǜǘǻcǷnjǛǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜNJnjǜǘǚcǷǡǜǘNjǥnjǛǏ
ǗǘǛǜǒǖǒǚNJƻǜǏǗNJǒcǔǚǥǢNJǛǕǝǐNJǜǘǎǗǘǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǒǜNJǔ NjǥǕǘǙǘǍǚǝǐǏǗǘnjcǕǏǍǔǝǨǎǥǖǔǝ~ƹǘǚNJǑǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǎǘ
ǙǘǡǏǖǝǘǗǒǎǘǕǐǗǥNjǥǜǦǚNJǑǗǥǖǒ#~ƬcǒǜǘǍǏnjǏǛǦǎǘǖ ǔNJǔǘǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǩnjǕǩǏǜǛǩNJnjǜǘǙǘǚǜǚǏǜǘǖǑǘǎ
ǘNjǢǒǜǛǒNjǒǚǛǔǘǓǕǒǛǜnjǏǗǗǒǠǏǓǛcǣǏǕǩǖǒnjccǖǖƴNJǚ ǡǏǍǘƷǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǏǍǘǑǗNJǗǒǩǜNJǕNJǗǜǥǒcnjǔǝǛǥǗǘǜNJǔ
ǗǒǑǙNJǕǐǏǚǜnjǘǓnjǛǏǜǘǓǐǏNjǘǚǦNjǥǑNJǠǏǕǘǛǜǗǘǛǜǦǗǘ ǐǏǔNJǙǚǒǑǥǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛǥǒcǜǚNJnjǖǥcǷnjǛǏǗNJǢǕǘǑǎǏǛǦ
ǎNJǕǦǢǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjǘǑǗǒǔǕNJǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǙǚǘNjǕǏ ǘǜǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ Ʋc Ǘǒǡǜǘ ǗǏ ǘǛǜNJǕǘǛǦ ǗǏ ǘǜǚǏǞǕǏǔǛǒǚǘ
ǖNJnƴǘǍǎNJǛǜǏǗNJǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǒǜnjcǔǚǥǢǝǘNjǥǡǗǘǎǏǕNJǨǜ njNJǗǗǥǖǎNJǐǏǛNJǖNJǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǩnƮǏǚǏnjǘǚNJǛǜǏǜnjǏǚ
ǛǔǚǥǜǥǓnjǘǎǘǛǜǘǔƷǘǘǗǑNJNjǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǟnjǘǏǓǒcǖǝǛǘǚǘǖ~ ǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǗǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǥ
ƸǜnjǏǜǚǝǛǛǔNJǩǖǥǛǕǦǔNJǔnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǗNJǢǕNJǝcǖǥǛǕǒǗǏ ǙǚǘǒǛǟǘǎǒǜǝǛNJǎǔNJǗNJǎǘǙǏǚǒǘǎǒǡǏǛǔǒǙǘǎǜǏǛǥnjNJǜǦ
ǖǏǠǔǘǓnljcǙǏǚǏǛǖǘǜǚǏǕǔǝǡǝǗǘǖǏǚǘnjǖǘǏǍǘǕǨNjǒǖǘ ǘǔǘǗǗǥǏǒcǎnjǏǚǗǥǏǙǚǘǏǖǥȁƪcnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǥǓNjǚǝǛcǷ
ǍǘǗǏǖǏǠǔǘǍǘǐǝǚǗNJǕNJ(IXEMPǒcǚǏǢǒǕnjǘnjǛǏǗǏǎǏǕNJǜǦ ǧǜǘǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ~
njǘǎǘǛǜǘǔǘnjƬǘǎNJǛǜǏǔNJǏǜǙǘǎǎǘǛǔNJǖǒ ǘǗǒǛcǣǏǕǩǖǒ ƮǘǖNjǥǕǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǎǏǕNJǗǗNJǞNJNjǚǒ
ǙǘnjǘǎǘǑNJǣǒǜǗǘǓǖǏǖNjǚNJǗǏǙǘǙNJǎNJǏǜnjcǑǏǖǕǨNJcǜNJǖ ǔǏǙǘ(ǖǘǎǏǕǒǙǚǒnjǏǑǏǗnjcǙǚǘǖNJǚǔǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǘǖnjǒǎǏ
ǑNJǔǘǙNJǗNJǎǚǏǗNJǐǗNJǩǜǚǝNjNJ~ƷǘǍǕNJnjǗǘǏǜǝǜǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǒcǛǘNjǚNJǗǑNJǖǏǛǩǠ

322 
94.
xoY`u)rTut9<  
'*VUN_*J SVUV ')*R‰Jˆ ;XUŠ
*JV RV*X**R V*' _VU UR "<U_*X*NŠ


 
 RUˆ Xw NUJw)F N)W ^;*aRU#U
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

    U^~*V"U"RW VXU#U <RU"U#U R*wŠ


'*RRU "x*R JURVXV- wN*‰ UR ;UN_*XJR^V
     )
<UVV*RJU' N*X*"WRRUˆ U!a"J <'Uˆ
7= >IL:KFELFJ TUX'Uˆ ;XVXUˆJF ^wJ' JUXNUXU' <U!ŽŠ
  %4 !" # *'U' #XN*XU!RUˆ UR ^JUX*R)‰ "<^~*Š

(' V"^]~*' wNR< 'U' U!‡_RU' N*X*"WRŠ


RU' NU'* <N"^JVRUˆ JX‡a*ˆ< <RX^x^

 . 
   
;XUXU) XwN"U*RR‡' ;*XJU;U' U
'UVXW~' "<XwR‡* VUXUR‡ ;RUX'R‡'
ɭ UJR'Š #)w'- JURVX^JV"RU ;XVXUˆJ
;X*NV")W*V U!Uˆ N*X*"WRR‡ˆ JXJ U!Š
aV‡ˆ U;Š ; )VUˆ <^V*;)*RR‡ˆ 'R*X)‰RUˆ
"VUˆ- T^RN'*RV< '*V))_*J* "RVU"‡*
"- "UNUVUJ <JXU") N*)R w R*UJXŠ
a*RRUˆ V) <)*VR` ^<".UN< w 'URUŠ
)VRU#U !*VUR-

LJǜNJǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǘNjǘǢǕNJnjǛǏǐǝǚǗNJǕǥǗǘǙǝNjǕǒǔǘnjNJǕǒ ǎǘǖNJnjcǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓƲcǜǏǙǏǚǦǟǘǑǩǏnjNJǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǨǜǙǚǒǚǘǎǝ ɭ  {eg¯f fn ¢sneg ǙǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǑǗNJǏǖ ǟǘǜǩǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǘǎǘǍNJǎǥnjNJǏǖǛǩ ǑǎǏǛǦ ǛcǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǘǓǞǝǗǔǠǒǏǓǒcǑǎǏǛǦnjǑǚǥnjNJǏǜǛǩnjcǖǏǛǜǏ


ǏǏǙǘǚǘǓǛǜǥǎǕǒnjǘǘǜǚǏǑNJǩǜǘǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǏǔcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǝ ǡǏǚǏǑǘǍǚǘǖǗǘǏǘǔǗǘǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǑNJǗǩnjǢǏǏǜǘǚǏǠǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓ qhopenfonfm- S  ǐǏǷNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗNJǩǡǒǛǜǘǜNJNjǏǕǥǏǛǜǏǗǥǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǛǜǥǔNJǑǎNJǗǒǏnǕǘǖNJǏǜǛǩ~ƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǐǏǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǜǝǜ
ǘǗNJǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǗNJǁǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǘǗNJcǷǠǏǕǦǗNJǩ ǔǒƪcǗNJǎǘǘǜǖǏǜǒǜǦǡǜǘǗǒnjcnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖǏ~ 66 ǍǎǏǒǛǙǘǕǦ <X T
- ?>>H ǙǘǕǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩǖǏNjǏǕǦƷǘǧǜǘǒcǗǏǙǘǕǗǥǓǙǝǚǒǑǖ njcǖNJǕǥǓǎǘǖǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǜǔǘǚǒǎǘǚǎǘǖNJNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘǒǑǍǒNj
ǛǜǒǕǦǗNJǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗNJǩǘǗǘcǷǚǥǟǕǘǏǙǝǟǕǘǏǝǗǥǕǘǏ ǑǝǏǜǛǩǜǘǜǐǏǙǚǒǏǖǗǒnjcnƴǕǏnjǏǚNJǟ~ 65 Ǘǒnjc&PEGOFMVH NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǛǕǏǍǔNJnjǛǜǚǩǟǒnjNJǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǎǏǕNJǩ ǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜǙǕNJǛǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǏǘǎǒǗǘNjǤǏǖǛǕǘnjǗǘ
ƿǘǜǩǍǕNJnjǗǥǓǛǖǥǛǕcǷǒǖǏǗǗǘnjcǧǜǘǖǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǏƸǗǐǏ ,SYWI 85 ǗǏǜǜNJǔǘǓǡǒǛǜǘǜǥǚǏǢǏǗǒǩLJǞǞǏǔǜǙǘǕǗǘǍǘ ǒcǛǜǏǗǥǗǏǙNJǚNJǕǕǏǕǦǗǥǖǒ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǚNJǛǔǚǥ NjǥǙǚǒǜǩǍǒnjNJǕǒǔcǎǚǝǍǘǖǝǒcnjcǖǏǛǜǏǗNJǜǩǐǏǗǒǩǛǕǝǡǒǕ
ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚǘǜǘǔNJǔǘǓǙǝǜǦǙǚǘǎǏǕNJǕNJǚǝǛǛǔNJǩNJǚǟǒ njǑNJǒǖǘǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǗǒǩnjǗǏǢǗǏǍǘǒcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǍǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnj njNJǏǜǛǩǗNJnjǛǜǚǏǡǝǙǚǒǚǘǎǏ ǒcǛǔNJǢǒnjNJǩǔǚǥǢǝƫǕNJǍǘ ǛǩǙǏǚǏǕǘǖǁǜǘǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǘǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǗǝǜǘǔǕǨnjǘǖnjǘǎǘ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǑNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǏǕǏǜǗǘǒcǙǚǘǜǘǔNJǔǒǑǖǏǗǒǕ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǛǙǕǘǢǗǘǍǘǘǛǜǏǔǕǏǗǒǩǗǘ ǎNJǚǩǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǖǝǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǨnǙǏǓǑNJǐnjcǚNJǖǏ~ǝǜǚNJǡǒnjNJ ǛǜǘǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǒǖnjǘǕǒǑǒǚǝǏǜǜǝǘǛǦǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǘNjǤǏǖ
ǛǩǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔƹǚǒǡǏǖnjcǎNJǗǗǘǖǛǕǝǡNJǏǗǏǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǔNJǔ ǒcǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘǜǙǏǚǏǟǘǎǗǏǎǏǑNJnjǝǒǚǘnjNJǗǗǒǔNJǔǒǖǒ ǏǜǢǒǢǔǒǗǛǔǘǖǒǢǔǒǗǛǔǝǨNjǕNJǍǘǛǜǗǘǛǜǦǒcǘNjǚǏǜNJǏǜ ǗNJǜǩǍǒnjNJǕǒcǷǒcnjcǔǘǗǠǏǔǘǗǠǘnjnjǘǎǘǛǜǘǔǏǍǘǙǚǘǚnjNJǕ
ǘNjǚNJǑNJcǘǎǒǗǒcǜǘǜǐǏǔǘǗǔǚǏǜǗǥǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘ ǍǚNJǗǒǠNJǖǒcǷǔNJǚǗǒǑǘǖNjǘǔǘnjǥǖǒǛǜǏǗǔNJǖǒǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓ ǘǛǜǚǘǜǝNjǏǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǏǙǚǒǚǘǎǥ ƬǛǏǧǜǒǛǔǘǛǥǒcǒǑǕǘǖǥnjcNJNjǛǘǕǨǜǗǘǖ
ǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǗNJǍǕǩǎǗNJǩǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǩ ƮǘǖǙǚǘǛǜǘǕǏǐǒǜǗNJǑǏǖǕǏ ǏǎnjNJǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǙǚǒǙǘǎǗǒǖNJ ǝǐǏǒcǗǏǒǖǏǏǜǙǚNJnjNJǗNJǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǏ ǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǒǗǏǛǕǒǢǔǘǖnjǏǕǒǔǒǗǘǒcǘNjǤǏǖǎǘǖNJǙǚǏ
ƭǕǩǎǩǗNJǧǜǝǙNJǚǝǎǘǖǘnjǖǘǐǗǘǔǘǗǏǡ ǩǛǦǗNJǛǜǘǕNjǒǔNJǟ ǒcǙǚǒǚǘǎNJǛnjǘNjǘǎǗǘnjǟǘǎǒǜnjǗǝǜǚǦ ƸNjǚNJǣǏǗNJǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǏǛǜǏ ǎǏǕǦǗǘǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǏǗǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǗǒǟǘǚǘǢǘǛǡǒǜǥnjNJǨǜǛǩ
ǗǘǛǔNJǑNJǜǦǡǜǘnǛǜNJǚǥǓǐǏǗǒǕǛǩǗNJǖǘǕǘǎǘǓ~ǗǘǧǜǘǗǏ ƷǘǙǏǚǏǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǙǘǎ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘnjcǛǜǘǚǘǗǝǕǏǛNJǗǘǒcǛcǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǙǘǕǘǐǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘ ƸǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǎǏǞǘǚǖNJǠǒǒǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǗǘǗǏǎǘǖǒǗǒ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǚǒǚNJǣǏǗǒǏNJcǙǘǎǕǒǗǗNJǩǙǏǚǏǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǐǒǑǗǒ ǧǜǘǜǚNJǎǒǔNJǕǒǑǖǑNJǔǘǗǘǖǏǚǗǘǙǘǎǛǜǚNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒcnjǗǝ ǗǥǎǘǖǒǖǏǏǜǙǘǡǜǒǜNJǔǘǏǐǏǘǔǗǘǒcǙǘǡǜǒǜNJǔǝǨǛǙNJǕǦǗǨ ǚǝǏǜƶǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǏǒǗǜǏǗǠǒǒǝǚNJnjǗǘnjǏǢǒnjNJǨǜǎǚǝǍ
ǟǘǑǩǓǛǔNJǩǛǙNJǕǦǗǩnjcǡNJǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǙǏǚǏǏǟNJǕNJǒǑNjǘǕǦǢǘǍǘ ǜǚǏǗǗǏǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘƲǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǘnjǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǖǥ ǍǘǛǜǏnjǝǨ ƷǘǕǘǍǒǔNJǛǘǡǕǏǗǏǗǒǩǎnjǝǟǙǘǟǘǐǒǟǘNjǤǏǖǘnj ǎǚǝǍNJǒcǙǘǚǘǐǎNJǨǜǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǓǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǒ

324 
95.
# 
  
'R* ;XWV*R ;X*N*)‰R‡ˆ )JURw' X.Š
V*JV^XRU#U "‡Jw‡"RW JU#N R*V R

 
 
  UNRU#U )aR*#U S)*'*RV <V* JUVUX‡*
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ


  *V‰ '*]V U!ŽWR*R* "U*#U ;UW")*RW- SVU 'UŠ
x*V ;X"*V J<X*w^)‰VV^ R.UNW~*'^W R #XR
   
<!*w)JUV‰]< <VU#N UV*VW VU)‰JU ;UJXV‰
  %% !" # "<JXR‡ˆ- <`"*V U!X*V*V T^RJ`]F JXR‡ˆ "<Š
(0 JURRU' X^JU' ;UR'R< JX"‡ˆ-

  

ɭ ɮ

ljǚǔǒǓ ǠnjǏǜc Ƿ ǚǏǎǔǘǛǜǦ njc ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏ NjǥǕǘǜǔǚǥǜǖǏǎǗǥǓǚǝǎǗǒǔǍǎǏǒcǛǜNJǕǒǎǏ


ƴǚNJǛǘǜNJǒcǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǠnjǏǜNJǎǏǚǏ ǕNJǜǦǧǜǝǔǚNJǛǔǝǑNJnjǘǏnjNJnjǢǝǨǙǘǙǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǦ
njNJǙǚǏǛǏǔNJǨǜǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǏǙǘǚǥnjǥǗNJǔǘǚǗǨƲcnjǘǑǗǒ ǙǘnjǛǏǓƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǒǞǒǗǛǔǘǏnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǏ
ǔNJǏǜǘǗǔNJǔǙǚNJnjǒǕǘǒǑǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǒǖNJǚǔǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ nTYREMRIRXYTENETIVYREQEE~ nǔǚNJǛǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǗǏǡǜǘǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǏƷNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǑǎNJǗǒǏǙǚǘǖǥǢǕǏǗǗǘǍǘ njcǔNJǚǜǘǞǏǕǦǗǘǖǙǘǕǏ~ ǘǑǗNJǡNJǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘ
ǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩcǷǙǚNJǡǏǡǗǝǨǒcǖNJǢǒǗǗǥǓǠǏǟnjcƿǧǗǔǘǔǏ ǛǜǏǚǏǘǜǒǙǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǓǐǒǑǗǒǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǗǘ
ƻǂƪc   ƸǎǗǘǘNjǚNJǑǒǏ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓ ǒcǎǘǖǘǔǚNJǢǏǗǗǥǓǒǖǏǗǗǘǞNJǕǝǗǛǔǘǓǔǚNJ
ǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒǕǒ ǏǍǘ Ǟǘǚǖǝc Ƿ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǝǨ ǛǔǘǓ nTYREQYPXEQEEPM~ǙǘǞǒǗǛǔǒ 
ǛcǐǒǕǦǏǖƲcǡǜǘNjǥǝǔNJǑNJǜǦǗNJǏǍǘǘǛǘNjǘǏǗNJǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏ Ƭ<-<cnjǏǔǏNjǘǕǏǏǙǘǙǝǕǩǚ
ǎǘǖǙǘǔǚNJǛǒǕǒƲǕǒǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǡǜǘNjǥǘNjǘǑǗNJǡǒǜǦǒǛ ǗǥǖnjcƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǐǏǕǜǥǓǠnjǏǜ
ǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ nƮǘǖ Ǚǘǎ ǕǒǙǘǓ~ njc NJnjǛǜǚǒǓǛǔǘǖ ƿǘǧǗǏǖǛǏ NJcnjc<<cnjǏǔǏǙǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǩǒǗǥǏǙǘǜǒǙǝǙǚǘ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗǘnj  ǜǘǐǏǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǗNJ ǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJǔǚNJǛǔǒ NJǕǔǒǎǗǥǏǒcǕNJǜǏǔǛǗǥǏ cǷ
ǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǒNjǥnjǢǏǍǘǙǚǘǖǙǚǏǎǙǚǒǩǜǒǩcǷǜǏǔǛǜǒǕǦ ǒcǞNJǕǝǗǛǔNJǩǙǘǡǜǒǒǛǡǏǑNJǏǜǒǑǝǙǘǜǚǏNjǕǏ ǙǏǚǏnjǏǑǜǒnjǛǏǧǜǘǗNJǝǡNJǛǜǘǔǒcǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏ
ǗǘǓǞNJNjǚǒǔǒƼNJǖcǷǛNJǖǖǝǑǏǓǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ǗǒǩǗǘǛǗǘnjNJnjǘǑǚǘǐǎNJǏǜǛǩnjc<<-cnjǏǔǏcǷǝǐǏ ǐǒǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƴǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǩǒǑNjǚǝǛNJǗNJcǖǖNjǥǕNJ
NJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJ ƬǒǕǦǍǏǕǦǖNJ ƸǜǜǏǗNJ ƪc ǘNjǤǏǔǜ ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒ ǗNJnjǘǕǗǏǖǘǎǥǗNJǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǡǒǛǜǥǏǖNJ ǚNJǑǘNjǚNJǗNJǒcnjǗǘnjǦǛǘNjǚNJǗNJnjcǔǖǘǜǍǘǚǘǎNJƭNJNjNJǚǒ
ǗǘnjNJǗNJǧǜǘǝǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜǖNJǚǔǒǚǝǏǜǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǔNJǔ ǜǏǚǒNJǕǥƬccǍǘǎǝǖǏǎǦǗNJǍǘǚǏƾNJǕǝǗ ǜǥǎǘǖNJǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǙǚǏǎǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǏǗǥǚNJǑǖǏǚNJǖǒǛǝǣǏ
ǜǏǚǚǒǜǘǚǒǨǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǚǏǓǔǒǒǖǒǜǒǚǝ ǔǘǗǡNJǏǜǛǩǚǝǎǗǒǔǑNJǔǚǥnjNJǨǜǘǎǗNJǔǘǙǚǘ ǛǜnjǘnjNJnjǢǏǍǘǔNJǚǔNJǛNJcšccǖcnjcǙǕNJǗǏnjǥǛǘǜǘǓcǖ
ǨǜǔNJǚNJǗǎNJǢǗǥǓǢǜǚǒǟǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǒǎǘǖǒǔNJ ǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǘǙǒǍǖǏǗǜNJǎǕǩǔǚNJǛǔǒǛǘǟǚNJǗǩǏǜ ƱNJǘǎǒǗnjǏǡǏǚNjǥǕǗNJǚǒǛǘnjNJǗǞNJǛNJǎǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǗǥǏǙǘ
ǜǘǡǗǘnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǩǜǖǏǛǜǗǝǨǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǨcǷnjǙǕǘǜǦǎǘ ǛǩNJcǚǝǎǗǒǔǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǘNjǤǏǔǜǘǖƬǛǏǖǒǚ ǞNJǛNJǎǝǘǔǗNJǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǕǒǘNjǣǝǨǗǏǕǏǙǘǛǜǦǙǘǕǝǡǒnjǢǏǓ
ǝǍǕNJǗNJǔǕǘǗNJǔǚǘnjǕǒƼNJǔǡǜǘǕǘǍǒǔNJǟǘǎNJǜNJǐǏ ǗǘǍǘǗNJǛǕǏǎǒǩLjƷƯƻƴƸƴǚNJǛǔǝǐǏǎǏǕNJǨǜ ǛǩǞǘǚǖǥƶǘǓǎǚǝǍǛǜǚǘǒǕǎǘǖǑǒǖǘǓǛnjǘǒǖǒǚǝǔNJǖǒ
ƷǘǎǕǩǡNJǛǜǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJǜNJǔNJǩNjǚǘǛǔǘǛǜǦ njcǂnjǏǠǒǒnjǛǏǍǘǗNJǎnjǝǟǙǚǏǎǙǚǒǩǜǒǩǟcǷ ǗǘnjcǒǜǘǍǏǧǔǛǙǏǚǜǥǚǏǢǒǕǒǡǜǘǧǜǘnjǙǘǕǗǏǙǘǟǘǐǏǗNJ
njǛǏǐǏǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗNJƮNJǐǏǒcnjcǖǒǚǘnjǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏǙǚǏ ǒcǒǖǏǗǗǘǏǨǔǚNJǛǒǜƲnjNJǗƴǘǐǒǗǎǘǖǗNJƵNJ ǐǒǕǘǓǎǘǖƬcǎNJǕǦǗǏǓǢǏǖǔNJǔǧǜǘǡNJǛǜǘNjǥnjNJǏǜǎǘǖ
ǠǏǎǏǗǜǘnjǗǏǜNJǔǖǗǘǍǘ=,SYWIƻǜǒnjǏǗNJƿǘǕǕNJnjcƴǧǜ ǎǘǐǛǔǘǖǘǑǏǚǏƴǚǘǖǏNjǕǒǑǔǒǟǔcƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǒǔǕǒ ɭ ;
<:
B ƹǚǘǛǜǘǜNJǘNjǤǏǔǜNJǕǘǍǒǡǗǘnjǥǜǏǔNJǏǜǒǑ ǙǕNJǗǒǚǘnjNJnjǢǒǓǛǩǔNJǔnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǛǜNJǕǙǘǛǜǘǩǗǗǥǖ
ǛǔǒǕǕǏ ƻǂƪ ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǘǙǩǜǦǐǏǎǕǩǛǏǖǦǒǔǘǕ ǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǝǛǕǘnjǒǓǒcnjcǙǏǚnjǝǨǘǡǏǚǏǎǦǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǍǘ E <.v  a- @QG> ǏǍǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǒnƶǘǓǎǚǝǍcǷǚNJǛǛǔNJǑǥnjNJǏǜƴǘǐǒǗcǷnjǑǩǕ ƪcǽǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǓǻǎǘǖǖǥǜNJǔǙǘǔNJǒcǗǏǛǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǕǒ~
ǕǏǔǠǒǘǗǏǚǘnjǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJǔǚNJǛǗǥǓǠnjǏǜ ǛǗǏǐǗǘǍǘǙǘǔǚǘnjNJǗNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǔǚNJǛǗǥǏǎǘǖNJǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜ ɮ   njcNJǚǏǗǎǝǑǏǖǏǕǦǗǥǓǝǡNJǛǜǘǔ'ǘǍǕNJǛǗǘǑNJǔǘǗǘǎNJǜǏǕǦ ƷǏǑNJǜǏǓǕǒnjNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩǗǘǜǘǔNJǔƴǘ
ǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǎǘǙǘǕǗǩǏǜNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎǗǝǨǎNJǐǏǘǜǡNJǛǜǒǔǘǗ ǔNJǔǖNJǩǔǒnjǥNjǘǚǔǚNJǛǔǒǘNjǝǛǕǘnjǒǕNJǑǝNjǘǎǚǘNjǒǜǏǕǦǗNJǩ J 
 - N  ǛǜnjǝNjǥǕNJnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǏǍǘnjǥǔǝǙǒǜǦǙǘǗǏnjǥǛǘǔǘǓ ǐǒǗǚǏǢǒǕǑNJǎNJǡǝnjǥǎNJǏǜnjcǗǏǖǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǘcǡǏǖǖǘǐ
ǛǜǚǝǔǜǒnjǒǛǜǛǔǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǑǎNJǗǒǩưǒǕǘǓǎǘǖǙǘǎ ǙǚǘǛǜǘǜNJǎǘǖNJƬcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǛǘnjǛǏǖǗǒǡǏǍǘ % 
%  <. v ǠǏǗǏǙǚǒǝǛǕǘnjǒǒǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjNJǗNJǗǏǖǐǒǕǘǍǘǎǘǖNJ ǗǘNjǥǕǘǎǘǍNJǎNJǜǦǛǩǙǘǏǍǘǙǚǏǎǥǎǝǣǏǓǚNJNjǘǜǏcǷǜNJǔǘǖǝ
ƸǛǕǘ .EVQYRH:MKWREIW%VOMXIOXIV NjǘǕǏǏǛǎǏǚ ǗǏǜǗǏǙǚǒnjǥǡǗǥǟǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǓǘNjǤǏǖ ǝǑǔǒǓnjǥǜǩǗǝǜǥǓ  
 ?>>= ƼǘǏǛǜǦǗNJǎǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǛǜǚǘnjǘǑnjǏǛǜǒǡǜǘǜǘǙǘǟǘǐǏǏǗNJ ǐǏnjǚǘǎǏNjǥNjNJǗNJǕǦǗǘǖǝǜǝNJǕǏǜǝǗNJǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǎNJǡ
ǐNJǗnjcǛnjǘǒǟǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǛǜǛǔǒǟǞǘǚǖǘǙǚǘǩnjǕǏǗǒǩǟNJcǚǘnj ǟNJǘǜǒǡǗǘǚNJǑNjǚǘǛNJǗǗǥǏǘǔǗNJǘNjǢǒnjǔNJnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǓ ǎǘǖǒcǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǧǔǛǙǏǚǜǗǘǓǔǘǖǒǛǛǒǒ ǙǘǛǕǏǡǏǍǘ ǗǘǖǝǡNJǛǜǔǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛcǙǘǖǘǣǦǨǗǏǛǔǘǕǦǔǒǟǙǚǘǛǜǥǟ
ǗǘǛǜǦǨǛǜǏǗǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒƴǛǜNJ ǎǘǛǔǘǓ ƴǛǜNJǜǒǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǘǜNJǔnjǥǍǕǩǎǩǜnjǛǏǎǘǖNJnjcǛNJ ǙǚǒǛǜǝǙǒǜǦǔcǙǚǘǏǔǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǨǽǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǻǎǘǖNJ  ǐǏǛǜǘnj ǠǒǕǒǗǎǚǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǞǘǚǖNJǘǔǗǘǒǕǕǨǖǒǗNJǜǘǚ
ǜǒǒǖǏǗǗǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǏnjǥǎNJǜǦǛnjǘǒNjǏǎǗǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏ ǖǘǖƾNJǕǝǗǏ ƷǘnjcǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǒǛcǔǚNJǛǗǥǖǠnjǏǜǘǖǎNJǐǏ ƪcǗǏǑNJǎǘǕǍǘǎǘǧǜǘǍǘǖǥǙǘǛǜǚǘǒǕǒǎǕǩǜǘǍǘǐǏǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJ ǗNJǝǚǘnjǗǏǍǕNJǑǛǒǎǩǣǏǍǘcǷǛǒǎǩǣǏǍǘǚNJǑǝǖǏǏǜǛǩǗNJ
ǎǘǖNJǑNJNjǘǍNJǜǥǏǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǏNjǥǕǘǙǚǒǡǒǗǘǓNjǏǢǏǗǘǓ NjNJǗNJǕǦǗǥǏNjǏǕǥǏǛǜǏǔǕǘǙNJǔǏǜǥ ǒcǗǏǖǏǗǏǏNjNJǗNJǕǦǗNJǩ ǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǝǨǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǝǨǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨnjǗǝǜǚǒǏǍǘǙǚǘ ǜǚǏǜǦǏǖǙǘǛǡǏǜǝǔǚǝǍǕǘǖǘNjǤǏǔǜǏ ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩnjcǗNJ
ǖǘǎǥǗNJǔǚNJǛǗǝǨǔǚNJǛǔǝnjcǂnjǏǠǒǒ<:--cnjǏǔNJƪcǎǏnjǩ ǡǏǚǗNJǩǎnjǏǚǦ ǗNJǡǒǗNJǨǜǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǟǘǚǘǢǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦ ǖǥǢǕǏǗǗǘǍǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjNJǍǎǏǚNJǛǙǘǕNJǍNJǕǛǩǘǞǒǛǜǝNJ ǛǜǘǩǣǒǓNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜ ǒcǎNJǐǏǙǘNjǏǎǒǕnjcǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǨ
ǜǦǨnjǏǔNJǖǒǚNJǗǦǢǏǘǔǘǕǘǢnjǏǎǛǔǘǍǘǍǘǚǘǎNJƾNJǕǝǗ ƼǏǖNjǘǕǏǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǞǘǗǏǛǗǏǍNJ ǕǏǜǔǝǟǗǩǒcǔǘǖǗNJǜNJǎǕǩǛǘǜǚǝǎǗǒǔǘnjƲcǘǗǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǒǕ ǣǏǓǗǘǖǒǗNJǠǒǒǗNJǙǚǏǖǒǒƪƺƿƲ;33( 

326 
 ' 

ɭ
96.


 
   $3
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

  
 
2 
 
 

     ) 
  4 !" #
('

 
 3    &.

njǘǎǏǗǘǗǏǙǕNJnjNJǏǜǘǗnjcǔǚNJǛǒ ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛNJǔcǛǏǔǛǝǝcǖǘǕǘǎǘǍǘǙǘǔǘǕǏǗǒǩǛcǒǑǝǖǕǏǗǒ
njǘǓǖǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǗǘǕǒǢǏǗnjǒǎǘnj ǏǖǘǜǖǏǡNJǏǖǘǏnjǛǏǖǒǛǘǠǒǘǕǘǍNJǖǒǒǗǜǒǖǗNJǩǐǒǑǗǦ
ǗNJǗǏǏnjcǗǏǖǖǘǐǗǘǛǙNJǜǦǗǘ njcǎǘǖǏǘǍǚNJǗǒǡǏǗNJǎnjǝǖǩǘǎǗǘǖǏǛǜǗǥǖǒǔǚǘnjNJǜǩǖǒ
ǗǏǕǦǑǩǛǟǘǎǒǜǦnjcǝNjǘǚǗǝǨ ƷǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǒǎǘǖNJǗǏnjǒǎǒ
ƱNJǧǜǘǓǖǏǕNJǗǟǘǕǒǡǗǘǛǜǦǨǖǘǐ ǖǥcǷǘǗǒǒcǛNJǖǒǕǒǢǏǗǥnjǒǎǘnjǗNJǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǁǜǘ
ǗǘǝǕǘnjǒǜǦǗǏǔǒǓǙǒǜǏǚǛǔǒǓǘǜ ǑnjǝǡǒǜǜNJǔǒǖǐǏǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛǘǖǔNJǔǒcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǙǚǒnjNJǜ
ǜǏǗǘǔ NJcnnjcƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍǏǐǒǜǦcǷ ǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǒǏǏǙǚǘǔǕNJǖǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǒƪcǙǘǗǩǜǒǏnjǒǎNJǛǜNJ
ǛǕǘnjǗǘǛǙNJǜǦnjcǍǚǘNjǝ~ ǗǘǏǣǏ ǕǘnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙNJǚNJǗǘǒǎNJǕǦǗǘnjNJǐǗǥǖǎǕǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘ
njǏǚǗǏǏnjǥnjǏǛǜǒǧǜǝǒǗǜǘǗNJǠǒǨǒǑ ǐǒǕǦǩ njcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏnjǚǏǖǏǗNJǘǗǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǗǒǔNJǔǗǏǝǡǒ
ǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjNJǍǚǝǙǙǥnƼǒǟǒǓǡNJǛ~ ǜǥnjNJǕǘǛǦǙǚǒǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚǘNjǖǏǗǏǐǒǕǙǕǘǣNJǎǒ ƷNJǎ
ǝǡNJǛǜǗǒǔǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǒcǛǘǛǜNJnjǒǕǒ ǧǜǘǓnǐNJǐǎǘǓnjǒǎǘnj~ǍǕǝǖǒǕǛǩǗǒǔǘǕNJǕǏǗǒnjǠǏnjǛǔǒǓ
ǙǒǜǏǚǛǔǘǏNjǨǚǘnƿƬƸlj~ ǘcǜǘǖ nƫǕǒǗǎNJǐ~ƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƴǘǑǥǚǩ  ǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǥǓǔcƽǍǚǏ
ǔNJǔǒǟǔǘǗǠǏǙǜǝNJǕǦǗǥǓnƮǘǖǎǕǩ ǒcǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗǗǥǓǒǎǏǏnjǒǎNJcǷǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǛNJǖǙǘǡ
ǎnjǝǟǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǘnj~ǙǚǏnjǚNJǜǒǕǛǩ ǜǒǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǥǓǒcǕǒǢǏǗǗǥǓǔNJǔǒǟǕǒNjǘǒǗǥǟǙǚǒǑǗNJǔǘnj
njcǚǏNJǕǦǗǥǓ 90 ƽcnƮǘǖNJǛcǕǨ ǐǒǕǒǣNJƷǘǙǚǘǢǕǘǕǏǜcǷǒcǜǏǙǏǚǦǝǐǏǙǘǚNJǝǛǘǖ
ǛǜǚǘǓ~ǜǘǐǏNjǥǕǙǚǏǎǢǏǛǜnjǏǗ ǗǒǜǦǛǩNJcǏǛǜǦǕǒnjǘǘNjǣǏnjcnjǒǎNJǟǛǖǥǛǕǏǛǕǒǖǥǙǚǘ
ǗǒǔcǷǙǚǘǏǔǜnƷǏnjǒǎǒǖǥǓǎǘǖ~ǛǎǏǕNJǗǗǥǓnƼǒǟǒǖ njǘǎǒǖǐǒǑǗǦǗǏǘǜǚǥnjNJǩǍǕNJǑǘǜǖǘǗǒǜǘǚNJ#
ǡNJǛǘǖ~njccǍǘǎǝƮǘǖǙǘǎǏǕǏǗǗNJǎnjNJǧǜNJǐNJǔNJǐ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǗǏ ǗNJǎǘ NjǥǜǦ ǙǛǒǟǘǜǏǚNJ
ǎǥǓǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǙǘǛnjǘǏǖǝǗǏnjǒǎǒǖƷǒǐǗǒǓǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩ ǙǏnjǜǘǖǒǕǒǘǔǝǕǒǛǜǘǖǡǜǘNjǥnjǏǚǒǜǦnjcǗǏǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦ
ǙǘǎǑǏǖǕǏǓ ǒcǘǛnjǏǣNJǏǜǛǩǡǏǚǏǑǙǚǒǩǖǘǔ njǏǚǟǗǒǓǐǏ ǛǘǑǏǚǠNJǗǒǩǘǜǚNJǎǗǘǍǘǗǘǍǎǏǜǏǎNJǕǒnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǙǏǚǩ
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjǒǎǒǖǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǘnjǚǏǖǩǎǘǐǎǩǛǗǏǍǘǙNJǎNJ ǕǒǛǦǎǘnjǕNJǜǘnjǛǔǒǏǍǏǚǘǒ#ƸǗǒǎNJnjǗǘǝǐǏNjǏǑǘǜǚNJǎǗǥ
ǕǒǛǜǘǙNJǎNJǒcǙǚǘǡǒǟǖǏǜǏǘnjǘǑǎǏǓǛǜnjǒǓƪcǗNJǘǎǗǘǖǒǑ ǑNJǛǜǚǘǏǗǥǒǕǒǑNJǙǝǣǏǗǥ cǷǒcnƮǘǖǛcǕǨǛǜǚǘǓ~Ǖǘ
ǧǛǔǒǑǘnjǖǘǜǥǕǦǔǒNjǦǨǜǛǩǘcǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǥǏǛǜǏǗǥnjǕǏǔǘ ǍǒǡǗǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓnjǘǙǚǘǛǗǏnjNJǐǗǏǏǕǒnjǍǕǩ
ǖǥǏǛnjǏǜǘǖǔǏǚǘǛǒǗǘnjǘǓǕNJǖǙǥ ǎǥnjNJǜǦǛǩnjcǛǏNjǩcǷǒǕǒǟǘǜǩNjǥnjcǗǏNjǘ ǡǜǘǙǚǒǖǏǚǗǘ
nƮǘǖǛcǕǨǛǜǚǘǓ~ǗǏǜǘǡǜǘNjǥǗǏnjǒ ǘǎǗǘǒcǜǘǐǏ #ƹǘǧǜǘǖǝǏǎǒǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǘǜnjǏǚǛǜǒǏǖnjǘ
ǎǒǖcǷǗǏnjǒǎǒǖNJǐǒǑǗǦǏǍǘǘNjǒǜNJǜǏǕǏǓƷǘǧǜǝǛǔǚǥ njǗǏǢǗǒǓǖǒǚǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǛnjǏǜǘnjǘǓǞǘǗNJǚǒǔǗNJǔǚǥǢǏ
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǔǘǚǘNjǘǡǔNJǛcǎnjǝǖǩǔǚǘnjNJǜǩǖǒǗǏǒǖǏǏǜ ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǘǗǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǘnjǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǛǩ ɭ V
E
 - R

B ǜǘǛǜǦǜǚǝǎǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǙǚǒnjNJǜǗǘǛǜǦǨǎǘǖǒǔǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǘǚǏǕǒǍǒǘǑǗǘǓǡǒǛǜǘǜǥǘǜnjǕǏǡǏǗǗǘǍǘ
ǘǔǘǗǗǘnjcǔǚǥǢǝnjǚǏǑNJǗǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗǥǓǔǝǙǘǕnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖ njcǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǨƷǒǔǘǕNJƵǏǗǒnjǠNJǍǎǏǏǛǜǦǒcǖNJǩǔǒ nƶNJǩǔ  - ?>>G ǖǏǐǎǝǒǗǞǘǠǏǗǜǚǘǖǒcǔNJǞǏǜǘǏǛǜǦnjcǛNJǖǘǖǠǏǗǜǚǏǘNj ǛNJǖǘǝǍǕǝNjǕǏǗǒǩǗǏǜǒcǑǎǏǛǦǙǘǎǔǝǙǘǕǘǖcǷǗǏǞǚǏǛǔNJ
ǝǔǚǏǙǕǏǗNJǕǨǛǜǚNJƴǝǙǘǕǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǏǗǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǕǨǛǜǚNJ ǗNJƽǍǚǏ~ƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƹǘǕǒǛǛǔǘǍǘ ǒcǛnjǏǜǘnjǥǏǒǗ ǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǓNJǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒ ǒcǗNJǏǍǘǛnjǏǜǔNJǔǖǘǜǥǕǦǔǒ NJcǕǨǛǜǚNJƼǘǏǛǜǦǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǛnjǏǜǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǧǕǏǔǜǚǒǡǏ
ǘǛnjǏǣNJǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǗǘǒcǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǛǜǒƮǘǖ ǛǜNJǕǕǩǠǒǒ ǛNJǚNJǓnƶǏǍNJǗǘǖNJ~ ǒcǛǜǏǗǥNjǏǑǘǔǘǗ ǛǕǏǜNJǨǜǛǩǜǝǚǒǛǜǥ ƷǘǜNJǔcǐǏǒcǛNJǖǘǙǘǗǩǜǒǏǙǚǒnjNJǜ ǛǜnjǘǛǜNJnjǢǏǏǎǕǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǘǖ
ǛǜǘǒǜǝcNjǏǚǏǍNJǗNJǛnjNJǩǟǒcǘǔǚǝǐǏǗǜǏǚǚNJǛǘǓƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗ nƹNJnjǒǕǦǘǗǢǒǢǏǔ~ƪǎǚǒNJǗNJƭǫǑǏ ǒcǎǘǖNJǗNJnjǘǎǏ ǗǘǛǜǒǔǘǜǘǚǥǖnjcǗǝǕǏnjǥǏǍǘǎǥǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǗǏǔǕǩǕǒǛǦ njǛǏǍǘcǷǒcǛnjǏǜNJǒcǜǏǙǕNJǒcǔǘǖǖǝǗǒǔNJǠǒǒ
ǗǘǧǜǒǖǒǜǚǏǖǩǞǚNJǑNJǖǒǘNjǤǏǔǜǙǘǕǗǘǛǜǦǨǘǙǒǛǥ ǛǏǚǒǩǙǕǘǜǘnj ƷǘnjǟǘǎǩǛcǗǒǖǒnjcǎǒNJǕǘǍnƮǘǖ njcǎǏǛǩǜǥǏnjǎǚǝǍǘǙǚǘǔǒǗǝǕǘǛǦǒcǛǎNJǕǘǛǦǗNJǖǒǕǘǛǜǦ LJǜǘǛnjǏǎǏǗǒǏǙǘǜǚǏNjǗǘǛǜǏǓǔcǘǎǗǘǖǝ
njNJǏǜǛǩcǷǜǏǖǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǏǏǗNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǘNjǢǒǚǗǘǏǍǘ ǛcǕǨǛǜǚǘǓ~ǘǜǡǏǜǕǒnjǘǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǒǗǜǘǗNJǠǒǨ ǛǘǠǛǏǜǏǓƲcǧǜǘNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǏǙǚǘǜǒnjǘǚǏǡǒǏǎǘǖǑNJǖǏǡNJ ǒǛǜǘǡǗǒǔǝǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǘǛǏǎǛǜnjǝǏǜǛcǝǖǏǗǦǢǏǗǒǏǖǜǚǏNjǘ
ǛǖǥǛǕǘnjǘǏǙǘǕǏ ƸǗǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǖNJǩǔcǷǗǘnjcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏǔǘǚNJNjǕǏǓǘǗǗNJ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜƴNJǔǒcǜNJǔǘǓǞǏǗǘǖǏǗǔNJǔǙNJǎǏǗǒǏ njNJǗǒǓǒcǔcǘNjǕǒǔǝǐǒǕǒǣNJƯǛǕǒǚNJǗǦǢǏǗNJǕǒǡǒǏǒcnjǒǎNJ

328 
) ..
;U)‰wU"R* D˜‘Š ; R*)*ˆ w#UVU")*RR‡. JU';R*ˆ
UJU) wR_V*)‰RU ;U")W)U R JUXUV‰ "Uw"*N*RW
97.
b}d
;UVXUˆJ <VJx* R ** RN*xRUV‰- ;XUw"UNV"U ;R*Š 

 
 
 + ,
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

)*ˆ wXR** R w"UN* <;U)*N^]~W !UXJ R '*V*<  


 &  
*~* UNRU NUVURV"U ;XU*JV <)*NU"R* VX*!U"RŠ
 . 
W' J^XVUXU" T*V")W R* UVW#U~V‰ w*')] <R* ")WV‰
R<!U)U#_*J* ;XU`*‡ ;XU.UNW~* "<;U_"*-      ) RE >FERKEI
(;  X 
+ \<G@ ?>@G   *' !" #
(0

   

ɮ
ǒcǔǘǖǞǘǚǜNJNjǥǕǘǜǏǛǗǘǛnjǩǑNJǗǘǛcnjǗǏǢǗǏǓǘNjǘǕǘǡǔǘǓ ɮ N 
 #
V 
ǑǎNJǗǒǩ njcǛǜNJǚǘǖǎǘǖǏcǷǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǏǘǔǗNJǒcǝNjǘǍNJǩǗNJ <^  a- @=M>P
ǡǒǗǔNJnjcǗǘnjǘǖcǷǗNJǘNjǘǚǘǜ ǜǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǘǗǒǛǜNJǗǘnjǩǜǛǩ
njǛǏNjǘǕǏǏǗǏǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǥǒcnjǒǎǥǒcǐǒǕǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘ
njǛǏǖǏǗǦǢǏǛnjǩǑNJǗǥǛcǜǏǖǔNJǔǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǛǗNJǚǝ
ǐǒƸǜǛǨǎNJnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǒǓǚǏǑǘǗǗǥǓnjǘǙǚǘǛ
ǒǖǏǏǜǕǒnjǘǘNjǣǏǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǏnjǗǏǢǗǒǓǘNjǕǒǔǎǘǖNJǏǛǕǒ
ǘǗǗǏǒǖǏǏǜǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǛǔǘǓǠǏǗǗǘǛǜǒ#ƯǛǕǒǝǜǚǘǖ
ǝNjǏǍNJǩǜǥǗNJǛnjǘǓǎǘǖǗǏǛǖǘǜǚǒǢǦǗǘǒcnjǏǡǏǚǘǖcǷ
njcǜǏǖǗǘǜǏcǷǜǘǐǏǏǍǘǗǏǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘnjǒǎǒǢǦ#ƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ
ǧǜǘnjcNjǘǕǦǢǏǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǛǩǔcǐǒǕǦǨǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǖǝ
ǗǘǒcnjcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǓǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒǘǜnjǏǜnƿƬƸƲ~ǘǡǏnjǒǎǏǗǜNJ
ǔǘǓǎǘǖǜǘǐǏǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦNJǛǔǏǜǒǡǗǘǓǔǘǚǘNjǡǘǗǔǘǓNjǏǑ
ǘǛǘNjǘǓǙǕNJǛǜǒǔǒǒcNjǏǑǎǏǜNJǕǏǓƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǑǎǏǛǦǝǐǏ
ǍǕNJnjǗǘǏcǷǙǚǒǚǘǎNJNJcǎǘǖǒcǏǍǘǘNjǕǒǔcǷǎǏǕǘǎǏǛǩǜǘǏ
ƷǘǙǚǒnjǛǏǖǧǜǘǖǘǎǒǗǩǚǔǒǓǐǏǛǜǜǝǜ
njǛǏǐǏǛǘǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǩcǷǒcǘǗǗNJǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǩǚǔǒǓǡǜǘǒǛǔǝǙNJ
ǏǜǛǔǝǙǘǛǜǦǘNjǤǏǖǗǘǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǧǜǘ
ǕǨǛǜǚNJƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǞǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǘǘǗNJnjǗǝǜǚǒǗǘǞNJǔǜǒǡǏ
ǛǔǒǔNJǔǚNJǑǛǗNJǚǝǐǒLJǜǘǜnjǥǗǘǛǎǘǖNJǢǗǏǍǘǙǚǏǎǖǏ
ǜNJǗNJǝǕǒǠǝǙǚǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǔǜNJnjcǧǔ
ǛǜǏǚǦǏǚǗǥǓcǷǐǏǛǜnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǥǓǗǘǙǚǒ
ǧǜǘǖǟǘǚǘǢǘǑǗNJǔǘǖǥǓnjǛǩǔǘǖǝǎNJǡǗǒǔǝǔǘǍǎNJǛcǗNJǛǜǝ ǙǘǚǥnjNjǏǍǛǜnjǘǒǑǍǘǚǘǎNJǠǒnjǒǕǒǑNJǠǒǒǘǞǒǛǘnjǜǘǕǙ
ǙǕǏǗǒǏǖǜǏǙǕNJǗNJǝǕǒǠǏǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǛNJǖǘnjNJǚǒcǙǘǛǝ ǒcǙǚǘǡǏǓǛǝǏǜǥƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǏǛǦǠǒǖǏǛǛǘǘǚǝǐǏǗǒǩ
ǎNJǑNJǜǏǖcǷǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǝǢǔNJǒcǔǚǏǛǕNJNJcǜNJǖǒcǙǘǎǝǢǔǒ ǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǏǜǛǩnjcǏǍǘǛnjǏǜǘnjǘǖǧǞǞǏǔǜǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǖǘǖǏǗ
LJǜǘnjǛǏǍǎNJǙǚǒnjǗǘǛǒǜǝǨǜǗǘǔǘǍǎNJNJnjǜǘǚǥǙǒǢǝǜǡǜǘ ǜNJǕǦǗǘǒǛǡǏǑNJǏǜǛcǘǜǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǏǖǜǘǔNJƼǘǏǛǜǦnjǛǩǧǜNJ
NjǕNJǍǘǎNJǚǩǕǨǛǜǚǏnnjǛǏǖǙǚǘǟǘǐǒǖnjǒǎǗǘǡǜǘnjǗǝǜǚǒ ǗǏǑNJnjǒǛǒǖǘǛǜǦNjǏǛǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǒǕǕǨǑǘǚǗNJǒcǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǩǗNJ
ǝǨǜǗǘ~cǷǧǜǘnjǛǏǐǏǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǕǝǔNJnjǛǜnjǘƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘ ǜǘǗǏǗǦǔǘǖǙǚǘnjǘǎǘǡǔǏ
ǝǨǜnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǒǖǏǗǗǘǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǜǘǏǛǜǦǧǜǘǐǏǛǜǚNJǛ ƷǘǧǜNJǒǚǘǗǒǩǘǜǗǨǎǦǗǏǘǜǖǏǗǩǏǜǜǘǍǘ
ǛǡǒǜNJǗǗǥǓǗNJnjǗǏǢǗǏǍǘǗNJNjǕǨǎNJǜǏǕǩ ǡǜǘǝǟǘǎnjcǙǚǒǚǘǎǝǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǖǘǣǗǥǖǜǚǏǗǎǘǖcǷǝǐǏ
ƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǐǏǡǜǘǔǝǙǘǕǛcǕǨǛǜǚǘǓcǷ ǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗNJǗǘnjǘǖnjǒǜǔǏǙǚǘǍǚǏǛǛNJǛcǍNJǎǐǏǜNJǖǒǒcǎǏ
ǧǜǘǙǘǡǜǒǜǚǏǜǦǘǜǘNjǣǏǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJǎǘǖNJǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǡǜǘ njNJǓǛNJǖǒǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǨǣǒǖǒǚNJNjǘǜNJǜǦǝǎNJǕǏǗǗǘƼNJǔǐǏ
ǎǘǖcǷǙǘǎǛǜNJnjǔNJǙǘǎǕǨǛǜǚǝǡǜǘǘǗnǕǨǛǜǚNJǛcǎǘǖǘǖ~ ǒcǔǚǒǜǒǔNJǔNJǙǒǜNJǕǒǑǖNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓNjǥǕǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗnƽǘǕǎǏǗ~
ƪcǜNJǔǘǏǙǏǚǏǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǒǏǙǚǘǙǘǚǠǒǓcǷǧǜǘǝǐǏǕǘǍǒǔNJ ǙǘǕǝǡNJǏǜnjcnƮǘǖǏǛcǕǨǛǜǚǘǓ~ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǝǨǜǚNJǔǜǘnjǔǝ ƬǙNJǗǘǚNJǖǏǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǧǜǘǜǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǝǟǘǎnjcǒǗǘǏ ǗǘǗǛǏǗǛƷǘǜǝǜǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǕǨNjǒǕǍǘǚǗǥǏǕǥǐǒǛǘǛǗǥ
NJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜNJnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǞǝǗǔǠǒǩǘǜǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǗNJǑNJǎǗǒǓ ǖNJǕǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǛNJǖǎǘǖǒǔǛǎNJǏǜǛǩnjcNJǚǏǗǎǝǘǗǏǣǏǔNJǔNjǥ ǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǏǘǗǏǛǜǦǗǘǏǍǘǗǏǜƻǘǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǝǕǒǠǥǑNJǡǏǚ ƪǕǦǙǥcǷǒcǔcǜNJǔǒǖǛǔǕǘǗNJǖNjǥǕǛǔǕǘǗǏǗƲcǙǚǒǢǏǕ
ǙǕNJǗƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏnjcǘǜǕǒǡǒǏǘǜNjǘǕǦǢǒǗǛǜnjNJǗǒǔǘǕNJ ǎǏǕǒǜǛǩǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǖǛnjǏǜǘǖǛcǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǒǖǒƼǘǏǛǜǦ ǗǥǖǑNJNjǘǚǘǖnjǒǎǏǗǜǘǕǦǔǘǡǏǚǗǥǓǍNJǚNJǐƲcǕǒǢǦnjǘǓ ǔcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǝǛǘǛǕǘnjǘǖnǢNJǕǏ~
ǕǏǗǒnjǠǏnjǛǔǒǟNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜǘnjǧǜǘnjǛǏǐǏǎǘǖƿǘǜǩǘǡǏǗǦ ǜǏǖNJǢǏǚǒǗǍǘnjǘǓǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǔǒǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǑǎǏǛǦǒcǙǚNJǔǜǒ ǎǩǜǥǙǘǗǒǖNJǏǢǦǡǜǘǎǘǖǚNJǛǜǏǜǗǏnjnjǏǚǟǔNJǔǘNjǥǡǗǘ LJǜǘ NjǥǕ ǎNJǕǏǔǘ ǗǏ ǛNJǖǥǓ ǜǩǐǏǕǥǓ
ǛǙǏǠǒǞǒǡǏǛǔǒǓǒNjǘǘǑǗNJǡǏǗǗǥǓǝǨǜnjǏǛǦǖNJǧǔǛǜǚǏ ǡǏǛǔǘǏǒcǖǏǜNJǞǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǚNJǑnjǒǜǒǏƪcǖǘǐǗǘǝnjǒǎǏǜǦ NJcnjǗǒǑǙǚǒǡǏǖnjǏǛǦǖNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǘǔNJ ǛǕǝǡNJǓǎǚǝǍǘǓǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔƴǘǕǡǒǗNJNjǥǕǙǘǏǍǘǛǕǘnjNJǖ
ǖNJǕǏǗǎǝǢǒcǜǝNJǕǏǜnjcǎǘǖǒǔǏǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǨǜƴǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǑǎǏǛǦǒǚǘǗǒǨǒcnjcNJǎǚǏǛǛǘǠǒNJǕǒǑǖNJǒcǏǍǘǙǚǒǑǥnjNJnǎǏ ǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǗǏǗNJǎǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǔNJǔǙǚǒǗǩǜǘNJcǙǘǎƻǏǔǚǏǜ nǙǘǟǘǐǗNJǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǕǨǎǏǓnjcNjǏǜǘǗǑNJǕǒnjNJ
njcǎǘǖǒǔǏƭǏǗǚǒƼǘǚǘǒǟǜǘǐǏǗǏNjǥǕǘ ǎNJǒcǚNJǑǖǏǚNJ ǕǒǜǦǛǩ~ǗǏǗNJǘǛǗǘnjǏǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǘǓnjǑNJǒǖǘnjǥǍǘǎǥNJcǙǘ njǚǘǎǏNjǥǗǏǟǒǜǚǥǓǎǘǖǛǜǘǒǜǗNJǘǡǏǗǦǔǚǝǜǘǖǛǔǕǘǗǏ Ǐǜ~ƷǘǎNJǕǦǢǏǜǘǜǐǏǛNJǖǥǓǙǏǚǛǘǗNJǐnǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJ
ǖǒǘǗǒǘǡǏǗǦǙǘǟǘǐǒ ƹǚǘǐǒnjnjcǛnjǘǏǖǝNjǏǐǒǣǏǎnjNJ njǏǕǏǗǒǨǛǏǚǎǠNJƮǘǛǜNJnjNJǩǏǍǘǛǏǚǎǠǏǒǑǛnjǘǏǓǍǚǝǎǒ ǒcnjcǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǏǜNJǔ ǛnjǏǚǟǝnjǗǒǑ ǙǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǥǜǥǛǩǡǒnjǒǕǕ ǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǥNjǒǚNJǕǛNJǖǥǏǔǕNJǛǛǗǥǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǩǒǑǜǏǟǡǜǘ
ǍǘǎNJƼǘǚǘǗNJǙǒǛNJǕǑǗNJǖǏǗǒǜǥǓǚǘǖNJǗnƽǘǕǎǏǗǒǕǒ ǒcǘǛnjǏǣNJǩǎǘǚǘǍǝǎǚǝǍǒǖnǛnjǏǜǩnjǛǏǍǎNJǛnjǏǜǩnjǏǑǎǏ ƿƿnjǏǔNJnjcƯnjǚǘǙǏǒcƪǖǏǚǒǔǏƷǘǝcǗNJǛǒcǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǘnjǜNJ ǖǥǏǖǝǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǕǒ~ƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǎǏǕǘǝnjǏǚǏǗƴǘǕ
ưǒǑǗǦnjcǕǏǛǝ~  ǛǜNJnjǢǒǓǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǘǖǚǝǛǛǘǒǑǖNJ ǎǘǎǗǏǓǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǒǟǎǘǗǠNJ~ƷǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖnjǘǙǕǘǣNJǏǜǧǜǘǜ ǔǒǟǖNJǕǘǒcǚǏǎǔǒǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǚǒǛǔǗǏǜǛǜǚǘǒǜǦǎǘǖǗNJ ǡǒǗǗǏnjcǔǕǒǏǗǜǏNJcnjcǙǘǑǒǠǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJnƷǏǗǏǛǒ
ǒcǧǛǔNJǙǒǑǖNJƲcǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦNjǥǗNJǟǘǎǩǛǦǗNJǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǎNJ ǙNJǞǘǛǙǚǏǎǖǏǜNjǥnjǢǒǓǎǕǩǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔNJǩǚǔǒǖ ǜNJǔǘǖǚǏǕǦǏǞǏƪcǝǐǎǕǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJnjǛǏǏǣǏ ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝ ǍǘnjǗǘ ǜǘǍǎNJ Ǐǖǝ ǒc njǥNjǒǚNJǜǦ NjǝǎǏǜ ǗǏ ǒǑ
ǏǣǏǗNJnjǘǎǏnƮǘǖǛcǕǨǛǜǚǘǓ~ǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜǒǚǝǏǜǜǘǜǐǏ ǛǒǖnjǘǕǘǖǖǏǣNJǗǛǜnjNJcǷǜNJǛNJǖNJǩǕǨǛǜǚNJ ǗǘǚǘnjǩǣǏǍǘǑNJǜǖǒǜǦǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǖǘǖǛǘǛǏǎNJǧǜǘǒcnjǘnjǛǏ ǡǏǍǘ~ƹǚǒǗǏǛǩǐǏnjǖǏǛǜǘǧǜǘǍǘnƴǒǗǘ~ ǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǏǎǘǖNJ

330 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ǙǘǑNJǒǖǛǜnjǘnjNJǕǒǝcǙǘǛǏǕǔNJǗǘǎǘǛǜǘǓǗǘǘǜǚNJNjǘ
ǜNJǕǒ ƴǘǕǡǒǗǙǚǏǎǕǘǐǒǕǒcǘǛǜǚǘǝǖǗǥǓnjNJǚǒNJǗǜ
ǔNJǔǘNjǚNJǜǒǜǦǖǒǗǝǛnjcǙǕǨǛǙǘǗǒǐǏǗǒǏcǷnjcnjǘǑ
njǥǢǏǗǒǏǁǝǜǦǗǒǐǏǝǚǘnjǗǩǍNJǚNJǐNJǗǘǝǐǏǛcǎnjǘ
ǚǘnjǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǎǘǖǘǙǘǩǛNJǕNJǢǒǚǘǔNJǩǜǏǚǚNJǛNJ
ǔǘǜǘǚNJǩnjǘǛǙǘǕǗǒǕNJǗǏǎǘǛǜNJǜǔǒǝǡNJǛǜǔNJcǷǗǏ
njǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǜǦǗNJǛǔǕǘǗǏǗǘǚǖNJǕǦǗǥǓ
ǎnjǘǚƱNJǜǘnjǥǟǘǎǩǗNJǗǏǏǍǘǛǜǒǘǔNJǑǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǗNJ
ǝǚǘnjǗǏǔǚǘǗǏǕǏǓcǷǒcǧǜǘǑNJnjǘǚNJǐǒnjNJǏǜ
ƷǘǚǏǕǦǏǞcǷǕǒǢǦǙǏǚnjǘǏǘǍǚNJ
ǗǒǡǏǗǒǏǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘnjǥǚǘǛǘNjǤǏǖǎǘǖNJnjǜǘǚǥǖ
NjǥǕǘǐǏǕNJǗǒǏǖǒǗǒǖǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǝǣǏǚNjǙǘǡnjǏǙǘ
ǧǜǘǖǝǎǘǖnjǛǜNJǕǗNJNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǏǗǘǐǔǒǘǙǘǚǥ ǡǜǘǒcǕǘ ǙǕǨǛ ǙNJǚNJ ǔǚǝǍǕǥǟ ǘǔǘǗ Ʒǘ njǛǏ njǖǏǛǜǏ
ǍǒǡǗǘǗNJǜNJǔǘǖǛǔǕǘǗǏ ƪcǜǚǏǜǦǏcǷǧǜǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ ǘǗǒ ǛǘǑǎNJǨǜ ǩǚǔǒǓ ǘNjǚNJǑ njǥǑǥnjNJǨǣǒǓ
ǕǏǛǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǑNJǚǘǛǝǡNJǛǜǘǔƻǒǜǝNJǠǒǩǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǜǒ NJǛǛǘǠǒNJǠǒǒǛcnjǒǕǕǘǓǂǖǒǗǔǏƿNJǗǛNJǂNJ
ǙǘnjNJǩǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓ ǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǒǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ǚǝǗNJ   ƼNJ ǜǘǐǏ ǛǙǝǛǔNJǏǜǛǩ Ǚǘ Ǚǚǒ
ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǝǐǏǒcǛNJǖǡNJǛǜǘǗǏǟǘǡǏǜnjǥǚǝNjNJǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǦǩ Ǎǘǚǔǝ ǜNJǔǐǏ ǘNjǚǏǜNJǩ ǛNJǖǥǓ ǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǥǓ
ǁǜǘ ǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJ ǙǚǘǜǒǛǔǒnjNJǜǦǛǩ ǖǏǐǎǝ njǒǎǛǗǒǑǝNJcǘNjNJǩǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǏǏǘNjǜǏǔNJǏǖǘǛǜǦ
ǗǒǖǒcǷǗǘǘNjǥǡǗǘnjǛǏǐǏǙǚǩǖǘǝǍǘǕǦǗǥǖǒǘNjǤǏǖNJǖǒ ǛǘǑǎNJǗNJ ǜNJǔǐǏ ǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒ ǒc ǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǖǒ
ǔNJǔǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚnjcǙǘǛǏǕǔǏnƮǧǓƭǒǕNjǏǚǜ~ 72 ƴǘǕǡǒǗ ƷǘƴǘǕǡǒǗǒǎǏǜǎNJǕǦǢǏcǷǒcǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜ
ǐǏǎǘnjǏǕǒǎǏǨǙǘǎǡǒǗǏǗǒǩǙǚǒǚǘǎǏǎǘǕǘǍǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘ ǜǏǖǝ njc ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǟ ǡǏǍǘ ǗǏǜ ǝc ǂNJǚǝǗNJ 
ǑNJnjǏǚǢǏǗǒǩc Ƿ ǛǔǚǝǍǕǒnj ǘNjǤǏǖǥ ǎǘǖNJ Ƭc ǙǕNJǗǏ ǧǜǒ ƹǚǒǡǏǖ ǛǔǚǝǍǕǩǨǜǛǩ ǗǏ ǜǘǕǦǔǘ ǜǏ ǝǍǕǥ
ǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǒǩǙǘǟǘǐǒǗNJnjǘǕǨǜǥǡǜǘǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǏǜǘcǜǘǖ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǜNJǔǘnjǥǐǏǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǗǘǒcǜǏǡǜǘ
ǔNJǔ ǒǑ ǛǜǏNjǕǏǓ NJǔNJǗǜNJ ǙǚǒǐNJǜNJǩ ǔNJǖǏǗǗǘǓ ǙǕǒǜǘǓ ǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǘǛǜǚǥǏ njc ǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓ njǘǑǗǒǔNJǨǜ
ǒcǙǚǘǒǑǚǘǛǕNJǔǘǚǒǗǞǛǔNJǩǔNJǙǒǜǏǕǦƱǎǏǛǦǘǔǚǝǍǕǘ ǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǏ njǥǍǘǚǘǎǔǒ NJc ǠǏǗǜǚǘǖ ǎǘǖNJ
Ǜǜǒ ǜǘǐǏ ǛǐNJǜǥ NjǏǜǘǗǗǥǖǒ ǙǕǒǜNJǖǒ ǘǛǗǘnjNJǗǒǓ Ǘǘ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǝǐǏǛǘnjǛǏǖǛǔǝǕǦǙǜǝǚǗǥǓǘNjǤ
njcǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǘǖnjǏǛǦǎǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ ǏǖǍǎǏǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǥǍNJǚǎǏǚǘNjǗNJǩǒcnjNJǗ
ƮǏǚǏnjǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǗǏNjǏǜǘǗǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǗNJǩ njcnjǏǚǟǗǏǖǝǚǘnjǗǏ ǒcǔǝǟǗǩ njcǗǒǐǗǏǖ 
ǗǥǓǎǘǖǚǏǎǔǘNjǥnjNJǏǜǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǖƪcǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘ ǂNJǚǝǗ NjǥǕ ǘǎǗǒǖ ǒǑ ǛNJ
njNJǜǦnjcǐǒǕǘǖǎǘǖǏǍǗǝǜǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǘǔǕǏǏǗǥǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒ ǖǥǟǩǚǔǒǟǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǒǜǏǕǏǓǧǔǛǙǚǏǛǛǒǘǗǒǑ
ǎǘǚǘǍǘǒcǚǏǎǔǒǓǜǘǖǝǙǚǒǖǏǚcǷǝǛNJǎǦNjNJnƴǕNJǝǍǒǛ~ 91  ǖNJ njcǒǎǏǓǗǘǖǛǖǥǛǕǏǔNJǔǚNJǑǗNJǛǕǏǎǝǨǣǏǍǘƷǒǠǢǏ 
ǝcNJnjǜǘǚNJǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǔǛǜNJǜǒƴǘǕǡǒǗǎǘǕǍǘǚNJNjǘǜNJǕƷǘ ǘǎǗNJǔǘnjcnjǒǕǕǏǂǖǒǗǔǏǝǐǏǗǏǜǎǚNJǖNJǜǒǡǗǘǍǘNjǝǓǛǜnjNJ
ǜNJǖnjcƵNJǜnjǒǒǛǜǘǩǕNJǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔNJǩǑNJǎNJǡNJ ǞǘǚǖǟǍǘǎǘnjǧǜǘǝǐǏǛǔǘǚǏǏǛǜǚǒǖǕNJǓǗcǷǜNJǚNJǑ
ǛǘǟǚNJǗǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǦǩǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩcǷǘNjǚNJǑ ǗǘnjǒǎǗǘǛǜǦNJǚǎǏǔǘǔǘǜǘǚNJǩNjǥǕNJnjcǖǏǗǦǢǏǓǛǜǏǙǏǗǒ
ǗǘǏǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǏǙǏǓǑNJǐǝǛcǏǍǘǟǘǕǖNJǖǒƪcǔǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘ ǙǚǘǑǘǕǘǜǘ ǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǚǘǛǔǘǢǦ NJcnjcNjǘǕǦǢǏǓcǷǙǚǘ
ǖǘǣǗNJǩnjǘǕǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǔcǧǔǛǙǏǚǒǖǏǗǜǝǛǡNJǛǜǕǒnjǘ ǛǔǘǚǘǛǜǦ ǒcnjǘǘNjǣǏǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǏ ƷǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǒcǚNJǛǙǚǘ
ǙǘǎǎǏǚǐNJǗǗNJǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǩǖǒǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔNJƱǎǏǛǦǐǏ ǛǜǚNJǗǏǗǛǜǚǒǖǕNJǓǗNjǥǕNjǘǕǦǢǏnjcǍNJǚNJǐNJǟǗNJnjǘǔǑNJ
ǙǕNJǗ ǝǡNJǛǜǔNJ Ǜc ǎǘǖǘǖ ǗNJǍǕǩǎǗǘ ǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜ ǧǜǘ ǕNJǟnjcNJǧǚǘǙǘǚǜNJǟǡǏǖnjcǡNJǛǜǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǟǙǘǧǜǘǖǝnjǒǕǕNJ
nǚǘǐǎǏǗǒǏǜǚNJǍǏǎǒǒǒǑǎǝǟNJǖǝǑǥǔǒ~ǛǔǚǒǙnjǏǔǘnjǥǟ ǂǖǒǗǔǏǛcǏǏǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǖǒǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǔǘ
ǏǕǏǓ ǑNJǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜ ǑǎNJǗǒǏ ǍǗǝǜǦǛǩ ǕǘǖNJǜǦǛǩ ǗǥǚǩǜǦ ǗǏǡǗǘǙNJǕǝNjǥǘǔǏNJǗǛǔǘǍǘǕNJǓǗǏǚNJ cǷǚǏǎǔǒǓǒcǩǚǔǒǓ
njc ǝǑǔǒǏ ǖǏǛǜNJ Ʋc ǏǛǕǒ ǍǕNJnjǗǥǓ ǎǘǖ ǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ nƴǕNJǝ ǘNjǚNJǑǡǒǔǛǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǘNjǚNJǑǘnjƽcƴǘǕǡǒǗNJǜǘǐǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǏǜ
ǍǒǛ~ǖǘǐǗǘǘǜǗǏǛǜǒǔcǎǒǘǗǒǛǒǓǛǔǘǖǝǞǕNJǗǍǝnjcǗǒǠ ǙNJǚNJǎǘǔǛǙǚǒnjǛǏǖǗNJǕǒǡǒǒǜǏǚǚNJǛǙNJǕǝNjǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗ
ǢǏnjǛǔǘǓǎǒǟǘǜǘǖǒǒ ǡǚǏǑǖǏǚǗǘǖǝǒcǧǔǛǜNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǖǝ  ǗǥǟǝǍǕǘnjǒcǎNJǐǏǘǔǗNJǒǕǕǨǖǒǗNJǜǘǚNJǎǘǖnƴǒǗǘ~Ǘǒ
ǜǘǎǘǖnƴǒǗǘ~cǷǧǜǘǗNJǡNJǕǘNJǙǘǕǕǘǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏ ǛǎǏǚ ǗNJǔǘǚNJNjǕǦǗǒǗNJǛNJǖǘǕǏǜǗǏǙǘǟǘǐƲcǍǕNJnjǗNJǩǜǘǖǝ
ǐNJǗǗǘǏǒcNjǕNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǏ ƻǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǒcǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǒǓǜǘ ǙǚǒǡǒǗNJǡǜǘnjǛǩǧǜNJǛǜǚǒǖǕNJǓǗǘnjǛǔNJǩǧǛǜǏǜǒǔNJǚǏ
njcǗǏǖnjǛǏǍǘǜǚǒ njcǎnjǝǟǒǑǗǒǟcǷnjǒǗǜǘnjǥǏǕǏǛǜǗǒǠǥ ǢǏǗNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏcǷǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǏǛNJǖǘǖǎǚǏnjǗǏǖǗǒǔNJǔǘǍǘ

332 
K "
ɭ
)  98.
"<Rw"R 'UxRU ^"N*V‰ NU' JRUF JX^#)U* UJRU ;U.UŠ
x* R #)w U!Ž*JV" "R*aR* !aR "RVU"‡. )*VR`<
R "*XR^V‡* X^)UR_J ;)*RJ "<`*)U' NU'< ; XTXw 

 
 
 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

JRUJ'*X‡ R!)]N]~*ˆ w UJX*VRUVW' <"‡UV‡-  


 &  
P%  (E
 X 

+ ?@< ?>@=
     ) RE >FERKEI
  (% !" #
(-

   

ɮ
nǘNjǗǒǖNJǏǜ~njǜǘǚǘǓǗǘǒcnǙǚǘǗǑNJǏǜ~ǏǍǘǡǏǚǗǥǖǒǗNJ ɭ     -
ǕǒǡǗǒǔNJǖǒǘǔǘǗƲcǧǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǧǞǞǏǔǜǗǘǏǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚ ;
   
ǛǔǘǏǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǗǘǒcǜǘǡǗǥǓǘNjǚNJǑǜǘǍǘǔNJǔnjǛǏnjcǎǘǖǏ   E  
B <)%
njǑNJǒǖǘǛnjǩǑNJǗǘǔNJǔǘǎǗǒǒcǜǏǐǏǟǘǎǥǔǘǡǝǨǜǛcǞNJǛNJ
T
 
- @GI=
ǎNJnjcǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǒcǘNjǚNJǜǗǘƻǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǏǝǍǕǥǠnjǏǜǘnjǘǓ
ǔǘǗǜǚNJǛǜǙǏǚǏǜǏǔNJǗǒǏǝǚǘnjǗǏǓǚǏǓǔNJcǷǝǎǒnjǒǜǏǕǦǗǘ ɮ . a- "

ǎǘǡǏǍǘǙǘǛǕǏǎǘnjNJǜǏǕǦǗǘnjǛǏǧǜǒǛǨǐǏǜǥǙǚǘnjǏǎǏǗǥ a
 <)
#
- @GI>
ǙǘnjǛǏǖǡNJǛǜǩǖǎǘǖNJ
ƬǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǏcǷǜǘǐǏǡǏǚǏǎǘnjNJǗǒǏǠnjǏ
ǜǘnjǛǜǏǗǥǛnjǏǜǕǥǏNJcǘǔǘǗǗǥǏǘǜǔǘǛǥǠǏǗǜǚǘnjǘǓǘNjǤǏǖ
ǛcnjNJǗǗǘǓǒcǔǝǟǗǏǓcǷǡǏǚǗǥǏƬcǛnjǏǜǕǘǖ ǗǒǐǗǏǖ ǘNjǤǏ
ǖǏǚNJǑǖǏǛǜǒǕǒǛǦǡǏǜǥǚǏǛǙNJǕǦǗǒǒcǛNJǗǝǑǕǥnjcǡǏǚǗǘǖ
njǏǚǟǗǏǖ cǷǔǝǟǗǩǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩǒcǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩƻǘǏǎǒǗǩǨǜǛǩ
ǝǚǘnjǗǒǛǗNJǚǝǐǒǙǘǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǖnjǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǘǓǜǏǚǚNJ
ǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǔcNJǧǚǘǎǒǗNJǖǒǡǗǘǛǜǒnjǚǘǎǏNjǥǗǏǒǖǏǨǣǏǖ ǛǥǒcǕǏǛǏǗǘǔnjcǜǏǟǛNJǖǥǟǑNJnjǒǜǔNJǟNJcnjǗǝǜǚǒcǷǡǏǚǏǑ
ƷǘǏǛǕǒnjǛǙǘǖǗǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǛǝǎNJǍǎǏnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǒ ǟǘǕǕǙǩǜǒǖǏǜǚǘnjǘǓnjǥǛǘǜǥƿǘǕǕǚǏǙǚǏǑǏǗǜǒǚǝǏǜǏǣǏ
ǍǗǝǜǦǒcǔǕǏǒǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcNjǥǕǒnjǙǏǚnjǥǏǘǜǚNJNjǘ ǘǎǗǝnjNJǐǗǝǨǘǛǘNjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦǎǘǖNJcǷǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǏǍǘnjǏǚ
ǜNJǗǥǜǘnjǛǏǛǟǘǎǒǜǛǩ ǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǍǘǎǏǕǏǗǒǩƯǛǕǒǝcnjǒǕǕǥǂǖǒǗǔǏǎnjNJǜǚNJǎǒ
ƱǎǏǛǦǙǚNJnjǎNJǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗNJǗǏǔǕǏǏ ǠǒǘǗǗǥǟǧǜNJǐNJǒcǕǒǢǦǗNJǛǔǕǘǗǏǙǘǎǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǖǒǗNJ
ǗNJǩǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJǎǘǖǛǘNjǚNJǗǒǑǛNJǖǘǗǏǛǝǣǒǟǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟ ǚǝǐǝnnjǥǙǘǕǑNJǏǜ~ǙǘǎǑǏǖǗǥǓǧǜNJǐǜǘǑǎǏǛǦǒǑǟǘǕǕNJ
ǙNJǗǏǕǏǓ1<ƶǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǛǔǚǏǙǕǏǗǥǛǜǥǔnjcǛǜǥǔǒcǙǘ ǗNJǙǘǕǝǚǘnjǗǩǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩnjǏǚǟǗǒǓǧǜNJǐǒcǗNJǜǏǐǏ
ǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǥǗNJNjǏǜǘǗǗǥǓǚǘǛǜnjǏǚǔƹǚǒǜǘǕǣǒǗǏǙNJǗǏ ǙǘǕǝǚǘnjǗǩ NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJcǖ ǝǟǘǎǒǜǗǒǐǗǒǓƺNJǛ
ǕǏǓcǖǖ ǔNJǔǝcƴƮƴ ǔǕǏǓǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜǛǩ ǡǜǘ ǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǛǙNJǕǏǗǙǘǎǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓcǷǟǘǎnjǏǛǦǖNJǗǏǘNjǥǡ
ǏǛǜǦnjNJǐǗǥǓǢNJǍnjǙǏǚǏǎnjcNjǘǚǦNjǏǑNJǧǔǘǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǛǜǦ  ǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǙǚǏǎǙǘǡǒǜNJǏǜǛǙNJǜǦǗNJnjǏǚǟǝcǷ
ǛǘǏǎǒǗǏǗǥǙNJǗǏǕǒNJǕǨǖǒǗǒǏnjǥǖǒǍnjǘǑǎǩǖǒƪcnjǘǜǜǘ ǜǘǕǒnjǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǒǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǜǘǕǒnjǛǕǏǎǛǜnjǒǏǍǕǝNjǘǔǘ
ǛNJǖǘǏǘǣǝǣǏǗǒǏǘNjǜǏǔNJǏǖǘǛǜǒǎǘǛǜǒǍNJǏǜǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǓ ǝǔǘǚǏǗǒnjǢǏǍǘǛǩǛǜǚNJǟNJǏǛǕǒnjcǎǘǖǗǘǡǦǨǑNJǕǏǑǝǜǜǘ
njǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǓǚǏǓǔǘǓǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǘǎǒǗǒǑǘNjǤǏǖǘnjnjǛǏǍǘ njǚǘǎǏǔNJǔǗǏǛǚNJǑǝǔcǜǏNjǏƷǘǧǜǘǖǏǢNJǏǜǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǘNjǤ
ǕǒǢǦnǘNjǏǚǗǝǜ~ƼǘǏǛǜǦǗNJǛNJǖǘǖǜǘǎǏǕǏnjǛǩǔǚǒnjǘ ǏǖǘNjǣǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǟǑǘǗǙǘǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǏǖǝǔǘǖǞǘǚǜǗǥǖ
ǕǒǗǏǓǗǘǛǜǦǎǘǖNJǖǗǒǖNJǩǧǜǘǕǒǢǦǎǏǔǘǚNJǠǒǩǗǘǘǗNJ ǑǎǏǛǦǐǏǘǜǚǒǗǝnjǛǜǚNJǟǒƴǘǕǡǒǗǎNJǕǍǘǛǜǒǗǘǓǙǘǜǘ
ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǛǘǑǎNJǏǜǘNjǚNJǑǎnjǒǐǏǗǒǩǔǘǜǘǚǥǖǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗ ǕǘǔnjccǖǏǜǚNJƽǡǒǜǥnjNJǩǐǏǡǜǘǘǗNJǏǣǏǒcǙNJǚǒǜǗNJǎ
ǎǘǖǒǣǝǣǒǓǛǏNjǏǎǘǚǘǍǝǙǚǘǖǏǐǎǏǚǏnjǦǏnjǗǘǒcǗǏ ǑǏǖǕǏǓǗNJnjǥǛǘǜǏcǖǏǜǚǘnjnjǒǎǒǑǗǏǏǙǝǛǜǦǒcǗǏǢǒ
ǙǥǜNJǏǜǛǩǗǒǔǘǍǘǘNjǖNJǗǝǜǦƻǗNJǡNJǕNJǚǏǓǔNJǙǕǘǜǗǘǔǚǏ ǚǘǔǒǓǗǘnjǥǛǘǔǒǓcǷǡǜǘnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǩǏǜ
ǙǒǜǛǩǔcǞNJǛNJǎǝNJcǙǘǜǘǖǘǜǛǕNJǒnjNJǏǜǛǩǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩ ƼǏǖǝ ǚNJǑǗǥǟ ǝǚǘnjǗǏǓ ǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǨǜ
njcǙǘǕǝǙǚǘǑǚNJǡǗǘǏǘǍǚNJǐǎǏǗǒǏǑNJnjǏǚǢNJǩǛǦǑNJnjǒǜǔǘǖ ǘǔǗNJǏǛǕǒnjcǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǘǗǒǎǘǟǘǎǩǜǎǘǙǘǕNJǜǘ
ǛcǕǏǛǏǗǔǘǓƺǏǓǔǘǓǐǏǘNjǢǒǜǒcǛǔǚǝǍǕǏǗǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖ njcǎǚǝǍǒǟǙǚǏǚǥnjNJǨǜǛǩǢǒǚǘǔǒǖǙǘǎǘǔǘǗǗǒǔǘǖǑNJǔǘ
njcǟǘǕǕǏcǷǜǘǕǦǔǘǑǎǏǛǦǘǗNJǑNJǔǚǏǙǕǏǗNJǙǘǎǝǍǕǘǖ ǜǘǚǥǖǔNJǔǑNJǛǜǘǕǘǖǖǘǐǗǘǛǒǎǏǜǦƶǏNjǏǕǦnjcǎǘǖǏ
ǍǚNJǎǝǛǘnjǒcnjǥǔǚNJǢǏǗNJnjcǡǏǚǗǥǓ ǜǘǐǏǛǕǘǐǗǘǛǘǡǒǗǏǗǗNJǩǔǚǘnjNJǜǦnjǏǛǘǖnjcǜǘǗǗǝǛǔǕǏ
ǁǏǚǗǥǓ ǠnjǏǜc Ƿ ǎǚǝǍNJǩ njNJǐǗNJǩ ǜǏǖNJ ǏǗNJǒǑǠǏǕǦǗǥǟNjǚǏnjǏǗNJcǞNJǛNJǎǥǢǔNJǞǘnjǟǘǜǩǒcǔǝ
ǑǎNJǗǒǩƸǗǑǎǏǛǦǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘǔǚNJǛǒnjǘ ǙǕǏǗǥnjc-/)%NjǥǕǒǑNJǜǏǖǚNJǛǙǒǕǏǗǥǙǘǎǗǝǐǗǥǏǚNJǑ
ǒcǖǘǎǗǘǒcǎNJǐǏǗǏǔNJǔǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǒǑNjǏǐNJǜǦǛǜNJǚǏǗǒǩ ǗǏ ǖǏǚǥƲcǎNJǐǏǢǜǘǚǥnjcǍǕNJnjǗǘǓǛǙNJǕǦǗǏǚNJNjǘǜNJǨǜǔNJǔ
ǙǘǛǏǚǏǜǦǔNJǔǘNjǥǡǗǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǘ ǧǜǘǏǣǏǘǎǗNJǙǘǙǥǜǔNJ ǞǘǚǖǘǘNjǚNJǑǝǨǣǒǓǧǕǏǖǏǗǜǘǗǒǒǎǝǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘǡǜǒ ƬǛnjǘǏǖǒǗǛǜNJǍǚNJǖǏ$JSPOVYWWMERLSYWIWƻǏǚǍǏǓƴǘǕǡǒǗ ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǛǙǚǏǛǛǘnjNJǗǒǑǎnjǝǟǘǎǒǗNJǔǘnjǥǟ
ǎǘǚNJǛǜnjǘǚǒǜǦǎǘǖnjcǙǏǓǑNJǐǏǡǏǚǗǥǓǎǘǖǙǘǡǜǒǛǕǒ ǙǘnjǛǏǓnjǥǛǘǜǏǛǜǏǗǗǘǒcǙǘnjǛǏǓǎǕǒǗǏcǷǒcǔNJǐǏǜǛǩ ǎNJnjǗǘǛǘNjǒǚNJǏǜǘNjǚNJǑǠǥǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǛNJǖǘǛǜǚǘǩNJcnjcǖ ǘNjǤǏǖǘnj ǚNJǑǎǏǕ ǘNjǤǏǖǥǛǎnjǒǗǝǜǥǎǚǝǍǘǜǗǘǛǒǜǏǕǦ
njNJǏǜǛǩǛcǠnjǏǜǘǖǛǘǛǏǗƴǚǘǖǏǜǘǍǘǧǜǘǗǏǛǙǕǘǢǗNJǩ ǡǜǘǑNJǗǒǖǒǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜǛǩǍǚǘǖNJǎǗǘǏǘǔǗǘƹǘǎǘNjǗǘǓ ǗǘǖǏǚǏǐǝǚǗNJǕNJnƹǚǘǏǔǜƺǘǛǛǒǩ~ǛǒǛǜǏǖNJǜǒǑǒǚǘnjNJǕ ǗǘǎǚǝǍNJ ǗNJǚǘǛǜ ǔNJǐǎǥǓǒǖǏǏǜǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǝǨǘǜǎǏǕǔǝ
ǡǏǚǗǘǜNJǔNJǔnjc:30+%(%',% 45 NJcǜǘǗǔǘǚNJǛǛǡǒǜNJǗǗǥǓ ǒǕǕǨǑǘǚǗǘǛǜǦǨǎǘǖǗNJǛǥǣǏǗnjǏǛǦǗNJǡǒǗNJǩǛcǔǚǒnjǘǕǒ ǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǨǚNJǑǕǘǐǒnjǏǏǙǘǜǏǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǙNJǙǘǡǔNJǖ ǙǚǒǕNJǎǔNJ NJcǛǜǏǔǕǩǗǗNJǩǛǜǏǗNJǘǎǗǘǍǘǔNJǔNjǥǑNJǚNJǛǜNJǏǜ
ǎǒNJǕǘǍǛǘǛnjǏǜǕǥǖǠnjǏǜǘǖƹǘǖǒǖǘǜǘǍǘǡǜǘǙǏǚnjǥǓ ǗǏǓǗǘǛǜǒǞNJǛNJǎNJǒcǧǜǘǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǘnjǏǚǏǗǗNJǩNJǕǍǏNjǚǘǓ ƴNJǐǎNJǩǙNJǙǘǡǔNJǘǙǒǛǥnjNJǏǜǔNJǔǘǓǜǘǒǑǖǏǟNJǗǒǑǖǘnjnjǘǑ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǘNjǢǒnjǔǘǓ ǘǔǝǔǕǒnjNJǗǒǏ ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǏǜǗǒ
ǘǜǜǏǗǩǏǜnjǜǘǚǘǓǡǏǚǗǥǓǘNjǤǏǖ NjǘǕǦǢǒǓǒcǙǚǩǖǘǝ ǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǩǗǘǒcǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǏǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǩƴǒǗǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘ ǗǒǔǗǘnjǏǗǒǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘnjǏǚǗNJǔǝǕǩǚNJnǚNJǑǎǏǕ~nǗNJǚǘǛǜ~ ǡǏǍǘNjǘǕǏǏǎNJǕǏǔǘǍǘǘǜǗNJǚǘǎNJǛcǏǍǘnjǏǚǗNJǔǝǕǩǚǘǖǡǏǖ
ǍǘǕǦǗǥǓ ǘǜǕǒǡǗǘǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜǔǚǒnjǘǕǒǗǏǓǗǥǏǞǘǚ ǘNjǖNJǗǗǘnjǘǑnjǥǢNJǨǣǒǓcǷǒcǎǘǖǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔNJǑNJǕǘǛǦ nǙǚǒǕNJǎǔNJ~nǘǔǝǔǕǒnjNJǗǒǏ~ǒcǜcǎƱNJNjNJnjǗǘǡǜǘnjǛǏǧǜǒ ǧǜǘǜǔǘǕǡǒǗǛǔǒǓǎnjǝǎǘǖǎnjNJǎǕǒǗǗǥǟnǗǏǞNJ~ǛǘǘNjǣNJǨǜ
ǖǥǖǏǗǦǢǏǍǘǒcǛnjǏǜǕǘǍǘƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǙǏǚnjǥǓǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘ NjǥǙNJǎNJǏǜnjǗǒǑnjǎǚǝǍǜǘǐǏǜǏNjǩǙǘǎǗǒǖNJǏǜ ǜǏǖǥǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǓǜǒǒcnjcǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǏǖǔǘǕǡǒǗǛǔǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǏǖǝǛǟǘǎǛǜnjǘǛcNjNJǑǒǕǒǔǘǓǘǎǒǗǒǑǘNjǤǏǖǘnjnjǥǜǩǗǝǕǛǩ

334 

 &
UXR'*RV)‰R‡ˆ !UJU"Uˆ TN
"‡.UNV R W!)UR*"‡ˆ N <RŠ
;U'R*V !U)‰aUˆ "VXx VŠ
XUˆ ;XUT*UXJUˆ N_- _V‰ UXR'*RV
N*JUXV"RW <_V‰ ;XUX*wR UJR'-
ɭ ɮ '"R‡ˆ !UJU"Uˆ TN VRU"VW
x^XR‡' <"U;XR'*VW JJ _V‰ NUŠ
"U#U ;")‰UR ) !**NJ- N"^._VR‡ˆ
TN "N'‡ˆ <NUXU# VUV "<#)^!R*
^_VJ <Jx*VW '*R‰a* _*' *V‰ R Š
'U' N*)*-

ǙǘǡǜǒnjcǍǘǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦNJcǔǚǏǛǜǥǗNJNjǘǔǘ
njǘǖǞNJǛNJǎǏcǷǧǜǘǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǞNJǟnjǏǚǔ
ƼǏǖǗǏǖǏǗǏǏǜǘǘNjNJǩǗǒǏǐǒnjǘ
ǙǒǛǗǘǛǜǒǒǚǚǏǍǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǒǙǚǒǡǝǎǕǒnjǘǛǜǒǔǘ
ǜǘǚǘǏǡNJǚǝǏǜƴǘǕǡǒǗNJnjcǎNJǡǗǘǖǛNJǖǘǛǜǚǘǏǑǎǏǛǦ
ǘǜǡǏǜǕǒnjǘǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǝǏǜƴǘǗǏǡǗǘǜǏǖNJnǚNJǑǎǏ
ǕNJ~ǗǏǒǖǏǏǜǜǝǜǗǒǡǏǍǘǘNjǣǏǍǘǛcǚNJǑǎǏǕǘǖǒǖǝ ǒǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǦǗǥǟǡǏǚǜƹǘǛǝǜǒǡǏǚǏǑǒǑNjNJnjǕǏǗǒǏ Ǜǘ njǛǏǧǜǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǗǏNjǘǕǏǏǡǏǖǝǛǜǘǩnjǢǏǓǛǩǙǚǒnjǥǡǔǘǓ
ǣǏǛǜnjNJ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǏǛǜǘǒǜǘNjǥǡǗǘǑNJǎnjǝǞNJǛNJǎǒǏǖ  ǔǚǥǜǒǏ ǘǜǕǒǢǗǏǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǏǘNjǚǏǜNJǏǜnjǏǡǗǝǨǐǒǑǗǦ~ NJcǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǝǛǗǏǍǘnjǘǍǘǔNJǚǖNJǗNJƴǘǕǡǒǗǚǏǢNJǏǜǜǚǏ
NJcǒǎǏǩǛǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǙǘǎǘNjǗǥǏǘNjǤǏǖǥǝǐǏNjǥǕNJǘǙǚǘ ƬǛǏǍǘǕǒǢǦǜǚǏǑnjǘǘǠǏǗǒnjNJǩǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǨ ǜǦǒǖcǷǗǏnjǒǎǒǖǥǖǛǗNJǚǝǐǒcǷǛǔNJǜǘǖ 
NjǘnjNJǗNJƴǘǕǡǒǗǥǖnjcǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǘǖǎǘǖǏnjcǂNJǜǝǚǏ ƴǘǕǡǒǗǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘǚǒǛǝǏǜǐǝǜǔǘnjNJǜǝǨNJǗǜǒǝǜǘǙǒǨ ƸǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǚNJǑnjǏǡǜǘǙǘǐNJǕǏǜǦǡǜǘƴǘǕ
 ƼNJǖǒǟNjǥǕǘǜǚǒǎnjNJǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǥǟǞǕNJǗǔǒ NjǝǎǝǣǏǍǘǍǎǏǙǘǔNJǡǜǘǞǒǍǝǚǒǚǝǨǜǎǘǖNJǗǘǙǘǗǩǜǗǘ ǡǒǗǕǒǢǦǑNJǩnjǕǩǏǜǜǏǖǝǎǏǔǘǚNJǜǒnjǗǘǓǛǜǏǗǥǗǏǙǚǏ
ǚǘnjNJǕǒǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓNJcnjǛǏnjǖǏǛǜǏǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǕǘǛǜNJǚǒǗ ǛǘǘǜnjǏǜǛǜnjǝǏǜǒcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǏǎǏǕǏǗǒǏnjcNjǘǕǏǏǛnjǏǜǕǘǓ ɭ q‘- U/B ǡǜǘǒcǖǥnjǛǏǜNJǖNjǝǎǏǖcǷǕǨǎǒǘNjǚǏǜNJǨǣǒǏNjǏǛǛǖǏǚ njǚNJǣNJǩǏǏnjcǖNJǗǒǞǏǛǜcǷǔNJǔǎǏǕNJǨǜǗNJǙǚǒǖǏǚNjǚǒ
ǗǝǨǝǕǘǡǔǝnjcƪǖǛǜǏǚǎNJǖǏƺǝǔǘnjǘǎǛǜnjǝǩǛǦǜǏǖǐǏǙǘ ǒcǘǜǔǚǥǜǘǓǙǘǕǘnjǒǗǔǏcǷǜǏǚǚNJǛNJǒcǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǩnjcǜǏǖǗǘǓ  <X - ?>>G ǜǒǏǠǏǗǘǓǘǜǔNJǑNJǘǜǒǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǒƲcǙǘǗǩǜǗǘǍǎǏ ǜNJǗǛǔǒǏǟǝǕǒǍNJǗǥǒǑǍǚǝǙǙǥ*%8 *EWLMSR%VGLMXIGXYVI
ǛǥǕǘǖ ǎǘǛǜǒǡǦǜǚǏNjǝǏǖǥǟǙǕǘǣNJǎǏǓǗǏnjǥNjǒnjNJǩǛǦǒǑ ǒcǍǕǝǟǘǓcǷǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩǒcǔǝǟǗǩ ɮ U    ǛǒǖǙNJǜǒǒNJnjǜǘǚNJcǷnjǛǏǐǏǗNJǛǜǘǚǘǗǏǒǗǎǒnjǒǎǝNJǕǒ 8EWXI ƺNJǑnjǒnjNJǩǑNJnjǏǜǥƽǒǕǦǩǖNJƸǕǛǘǙNJǘǗǒǘǎǏnjNJǨǜ
ǖNJǛǢǜNJNjNJǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǓǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǒ ǗǘǝǚǏǑNJnjǔǘǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǘ ƫǘǔǘnjNJǩ ǐǏ ǛǜǏǗNJ ǛnjǏǜǕǘǍǘ ǔǘǚǙǝǛNJ

    ǑǒǚǝǨǣǏǓǎǏǜNJǕǒƲcǘǗǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǏǜǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǗǘnjǥǓ ǛnjǘǒǗǏNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǙǘǛǜǚǘǓǔǒnjcǚNJǑǗǘǠnjǏǜǗǥǏǒcnjǏǛǏǕǥǏ
ǡNJǛǜǏǓǑǎǏǛǦƴǘǕǡǒǗǙǘǕǝǡǒǕǡǝǜǦǖǏǗǏǏǍNJǚǖǘǗǒǡǗǘǏ ǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǘNjǘǓǏǣǏǒcǕǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘǏǝǙǚNJǐǗǏǗǒǏǗNJ J 
 ǜǒǙǚǏǑǦNjǥ ǝǔǚǝǙǗǩǩǒcǍǏǘǖǏǜǚǒǑǒǚǝǩǚǒǛǝǗǘǔƴǘǕ ǢǒǚǖǥǙǚǒǡǝǎǕǒnjǥǟǞǘǚǖǒcǛǒǕǝǧǜǘnjƸǗǒǗǏǘNjǩǑNJ
ǗǘǔǝǎNJNjǘǕǏǏǘǚǒǍǒǗNJǕǦǗǘǏǠǏǕǘǏ ǜǏǖǝǚǏǑǗǘǍǘǘǚǗNJǖǏǗǜNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎNJnjǗǘǝǢǏǕǒǑǎǏǚǏ ɯ   J 
-
ǡǒǗǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǏǏnjcǙNJǜǜǏǚǗ ǗǘǒcǗǘnjǥǓǜǒǙǛǜǏǗǥ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǒǑǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗǥǗǘǔNJǔǚNJǑǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǝǑǘǚǥ
ƭǕNJnjǗǥǓǧǞǞǏǔǜnjǘǑǗǒǔNJǏǜǙǘǙǚǒǗǠǒ njǩǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƹǚǒǡǏǖǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǒǑNJǔǜǝNJǕǦǗǘǓ N  <a- ?>@H ƷǏǙǕǘǛǔǘǓ ǔNJǔnjcǔNJǚǔNJǛǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǒcǗǏǘNjǤǏǖǗǘǓ ǔNJǔ ǒǑǘNjǚNJǐNJǨǣǒǏ ǕǏǛ ǙǚǘǛǕNJnjǒǕǒ ǔǘǖǦǨǗǒǜǒǠǏǗǜǚ
ǙǝnǔǘǢǖNJǚNJǙǏǚǞǏǔǠǒǘǗǒǛǜNJ~ǘNjǤǏǖǥǔNJǐǝǜǛǩǙǘǡǜǒ ǙǚNJǔǜǒǔǒǗǘǎNJǐǏǒcǒǑǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒƸcǡǏǖƴǘǕǡǒǗǙǒ njcNjǚǏnjǏǗǡNJǜǘǖ NJcǒǖǏǗǗǘǡǜǘǚǏǕǦǏǞǗǘǓƪcǧǜǘǝǐǏ njcƺǘǜǜǏǚǎNJǖǏ  ƹǘNJǗNJǕǘǍǒǒǛcǛǝǙǏǚǍǚNJǞǒǔǘǓǒǟ
ǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǖǒǗǘnjǛǏnjcǗǒǟǡǝǜǦǡǝǜǦǘǜǕǒǡNJǏǜǛǩƸǎǒǗcǷ ǢǏǜǜNJǔnƷǏǔǘǍǎNJǛcǕǨNjǘnjǦǨǛǎǏǕNJǗǗNJǩǒcǛǘǛǜNJǚǒnjǢNJ ǑnjǝǡǒǜnjǥǑǘnjǘǖǖǘǎǏǚǗǒǑǖǝnjǘǘNjǣǏcǷǛcǏǍǘǔǝǕǦǜǘǖ ǖǘǐǗǘǗNJǑnjNJǜǦǛǝǙǏǚǚǏǑǦNjǘǓǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǏǣǏǒcǘǜǜǏǗǏ
ǡǝǜǦnjǥǢǏǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǡǝǜǦǗǒǐǏǘǎǒǗcǷǡǝǜǦǢǒǚǏǎǚǝ ǩǛǩǚǏǑǦNjNJȁǑNJǖǏǗǩǏǜǛǩǙǕNJǛǜǒǔǘǖǒǕǒǖǏǜNJǕǕǘǖǙǚǒ ǍǕNJǎǔǒǟǙǘnjǏǚǟǗǘǛǜǏǓǔNJǔNjǘǕǏǏǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǟǒcǍǒǍǒǏ ǗNJǛǜǏǔǕǘǖǗNJǟǘǎǩǣǒǖǛǩǙǘǑNJǎǒƴǘǕǡǒǗǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǏǜ
ǍǘǓcǷǡǝǜǦǝǐǏƷǘǛNJǖǒǙǘǛǏNjǏǧǜǒǘǜǕǒǡǒǩǏǣǏǗǏ ǧǜǘǖǛcǛǘǟǚNJǗǏǗǒǏǖǘǛǗǘnjǗǘǓǞǘǚǖǥƱǎNJǗǒǏǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩ ǗǒǡǗǥǟƷǒǔǜǘnjǏǎǦǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǝǐǏǗǏǙǘǕǘǐǒǜǗNJǜǝǖNjǘǡ ǛǜǏǔǕǘǏǣǏǟǒǜǚǏǏcǷǑNJǙǘǕǗǩǩǒǖǞǚNJǍǖǏǗǜǥǛnjǘǏǍǘ
ǎNJǕǒNjǥǎǘǕǐǗǘǍǘǧǞǞǏǔǜNJǒcƴǘǕǡǒǗǒǟǙǘǎǡǏǚǔǒnjNJǏǜ ǙǘǟǘǐǒǖǗNJǛNJǖǘǛǏNjǩǗǘNjǏǑǎǏǜNJǕǏǓǙǘǍǚǝǐNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔ ǔǝǔǚǝǐǏnjǗǝǨǛNJǕǞǏǜǔǝǗǏǙǘnjǏǛǒǜǗNJǛǜǏǗǔǝnjǩǑNJǗǘǏ ǙNJǜǜǏǚǗNJƪcǙǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǔǚǏǛǜǥǙNJǜǜǏǚǗNJǗNJǙǘǖǒǗNJǨǜ
ǎǏǕNJǩǘǎǒǗǘNjǤǏǖǛnjǏǜǕǥǖǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǜǏǖǗǥǖǘǎǒǗcǷ NjǥnjcnjǏǡǗǥǓǜǝǖNJǗnjcǔǘǜǘǚǘǖǎǏǜNJǕǒǗǏǒǖǏǨǜǑǗNJǡǏǗǒǩ ǔNJǢǙǘǗǏǙǘǕǦǛǜǒǜǛǩǗNJǔNJǔǘǓǒǗǘǓǙǥǕǏǛNjǘǚǗǒǔƷǘ ǘcǞNJǟnjǏǚǔǏǜǘǒcǎǘǖǖǏǛǜNJǖǒnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜǔNJǔǔNJǔǘǓǗǒNjǝǎǦ
ǍǕǝǟǒǖǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷǙǚǘǗǒǠNJǏǖǥǖǘǎǒǗǘNjǢǒnjNJǩǎǘǛǔǘǓ ȁ"LJǜNJǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖNJǠǒǩnjǘǛǙǚǒǗǒǖNJǏǜǛǩǔNJǔǙǘǕǘǐǒ ǒcǛǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjǙǕǘǜǗǝǨǎnjNJǎnjǝǛǔNJǜǗǥǟǎǘǖNJǜǘǐǏǗǒǔǘǖǝ ǍǘǕǕNJǗǎǛǔǒǓnjǏǚǗNJǔǝǕǩǚǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǑNJNjǘǜǕǒnjǘǛǘǟǚNJǗǒ
njcǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǖǗNJǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǒǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷnjcnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦ ǜǏǕǦǗǘǏǒǑǖǏǗǏǗǒǏnjǏǎǦǎǘǖǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǎǘǕǍǘnjǏǡǗǏǏ njcǍǘǕǘnjǝǗǏǙǚǒǟǘǎǒǕǘǜNJǖǐǏǛǗǏǍǘnjǘǓǔNJǚǖNJǗǘNjǚNJ ǕǒǚǏǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǒǚǘnjNJnjǛcǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǘnjNJǗǒǏǖǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟ
ǗǘǖƼǘǏǛǜǦǎǘnjǘǎǒǜǒǟǎǘǙǘǕǗǘǍǘnǒǗǦ~ǒcnǩǗ~ǁǏǖǝ ǒcǒǑNjNJnjǕǩǏǜǛǩǘǜǕǒǢǗǒǟǛcǜǘǡǔǒǑǚǏǗǒǩǧǔǛǙǕǝNJǜNJǠǒǒ ǑǝǏǜǛǩƸǎǗNJǔǘǙǚǒǗNJǕǒǡǒǒǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǟǜǏǟǗǘǕǘǍǒǓ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnj

336 
|\`YY`~5
ɭ
99. ɭ *  ;%B: ǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǒǒcǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǘǛǜNJnjNJǕNJǛǦǙǚǘ   
  .
%  #
 ǒǑnjǘǎǗǘǓǘǜnjǥǢǏǘǙǒǛNJǗǗǘǍǘNjǒǑǗǏǛǙǚǘǠǏǛǛNJƪnjǜǘǚǥ "*J' _*)U"*J JU_*")- ;UJUXW) ;XUŠ
!
-  
 ǐǏ&VIXXIǒǖǏǗǗǘǏǏnjǑǩǕǒǑNJǚǘǍNJǒcǙǚǒǎǝǖNJǕǒǗNJǛǜǘǕǦ VXRV"U- <R RU_‰ N*)) *!* ^!*x~*-
("
+  (ET+-
 
3 ǔǘǙǚǘǛǜǘǓǒcǙǚǒnjǕǏǔNJǜǏǕǦǗǥǓǖǏǟNJǗǒǑǖǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖNJ JJ VU)‰JU ;XX^_) )UaN‰ V) "UwV‰
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

2011
         ǠǒǒǡǜǘǘǗǛǕǘnjǗǘNjǥǛNJǖǙǚǘnjǘǠǒǚǝǏǜǛǗǩǜǦǛǩǛcǖǏǛǜNJ NU' <U!Uˆ- ;XUa) "*J- _*)U"*J ;UŠ ;X*xR*'^
ɮ N P  ǒcǚnjNJǗǝǜǦǛǘǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǖǘǖǗNJnjǛǜǚǏǡǝǙǚǒǔǕǨǡǏǗǒǩǖ _VU RU_^*V "<NUXU#*- RU *#U ;*X*N"xRUˆ NU'<

 &   ‘fg sjt ƮǘǖǛǘǛǜǘǒǜǒǑǜǚǏǟǖǘǎǝǕǏǓƫNJǑǘ SVU ;)VJ "#UR_J "#UR- VX^NRU Rw"V‰ SVU NUŠ
   GIEFFE :>HJ njǥǓǖǘǎǝǕǦ ǍǎǏǍǘǛǜǒǗNJǩ ǡǝǜǦǢǒǚǏǎǚǝǍǘǍǘnjǥǔǒǎ 'U'- Ra `*)‰< UwNV‰ VJUˆ U!Ž*JV JUVUX‡ˆ JJ
ɯ      qPžsjt
  (( !" # &   , ǗǘǍǘ ǍǎǏǔǝǟǗǩǒcǎǝǢ ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǘǎǒǗǕǏǍǔǘǙǘǖǏǣNJǏǜ 'UxRU !U)‰a* ;U.UN) !‡ R U!‡_R‡ˆ NU' R.UŠ

(- ǛǩnjcǎǚǝǍǘǓNJcǜǚǏǜǒǓǖǘǎǝǕǦ ǛǙNJǕǦǗǩ ǢǒǚǏǒǟǘNjǘǒǟ NW‰ "<JUVUXU' R*"Uw'UxRU ;U"*XV‰ "<*#U 'U!)‰Š


   ǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǗNJǔǚǥnjNJǏǜǘNjNJǎnjNJƬǚNJǣNJǨǜǛǩǘǗǒǗNJǖǏǜNJǕ RUV‰- <.UVW "*V NU' R*JU)‰JU VURR U"X*'*RŠ
ǕǒǡǏǛǔǒǟǢNJǚǗǒǚNJǟǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǑNJǕǘǐǏǗǥnjcǙǘǙǏǚǏǡǗǥǏ R‡* Nw*)‰R‡* )UaN ;X"‡_R‡ VJV‰ VJ*
ǛǜǏǗǥNjNJǑǘnjǘǍǘǖǘǎǝǕǩǜǘǏǛǜǦǘǛǦ VWx*V <'*.R_*J* X^J )*#JU N"#]V "*
njǚNJǣǏǗǒǩǙǚǘǟǘǎǒǜǙǘǕǒǗǒǒǛǜǥǔNJ "<I¨M VURR- ;USVU'^ Ra NU' VXRTUX'X^*VW !‡Š
ǙǘǕǘnjǖǘǎǝǕǏǓƬcnjǥǔǒǎǗǘǓǖǘǎǝǕǦ VXU <!*w ^_VW ;*`)VU"-
ǗNJǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǛǜnjǏnjǖǘǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǥnjǛǩ
ǛNJǗǜǏǟǗǒǔNJǒcǧǕǏǔǜǚǒǔNJƵǨNjǘǙǥǜǗǘ
ǡǜǘǒǖǏǗǗǘǗNJǕǒǡǒǏnjǜǘǚǘǍǘǧǜNJǐNJ ǑNJǔǕǨǡNJǕNJǛǦnjcǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǜǘǗǏǛǙǕǘǢǗǥǏǙNJǗǏǕǒNJcǕǒǢǦ
ǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǒǑǕǒǢǏǛǜnjǘǖnjcǔǘǖ ǛǕǏǍǔNJǑNJǙǘǕǗǏǗǗǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǁǜǘǎNJǏǜNjǘǕǦǢǝǨǧǔǘ
ǙNJǔǜǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǒcǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǗǏǜǝcnjǥǢǏ ǗǘǖǒǨ ǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕNJ Ǚǚǒ ǎǘǛǜNJǜǘǡǗǘǓ ǐǏǛǜǔǘǛǜǒ ƪǚǜ
ǗNJǑnjNJǗǗǥǟNJǗNJǕǘǍǘnj ǙǘǑnjǘǕǩǏǜ&VIXXI ǘNjǤǏǔǜǐǏǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǘnjNJǕǧǜǝǡǒǛǜǝǨǔǘǗ
ǛǘnjǏǚǢǒǜǦǛnjǘǏnjǚNJǣǏǗǒǏǛcǙǚǏnjǚNJ ǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǨ njc ǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏ ǑNJǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǩc ǷǚǏǔǕNJǖǒǚǝǩ
ǣǏǗǒǏǖƪcǜNJǔǐǏǔǘǗǏǡǗǘǚNJǑnjǏǛǜǒ ǛcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǒǑǘNjǚǏǜǏǗǒǏƿǚǒǙǔǘNJcǛcǎǚǝǍǘǓcǷ
ǞǝǗǔǠǒǒ Ǚǘ ǚNJǑǗǥǖ ǝǚǘnjǗǩǖ ǒc ǛǎǏ ǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩǙǘǧǜǒǡǗǏǓǢǒǓǘNjǚNJǑ
ǕNJǜǦnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǏǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘǎǘǖNJ ƬǛǏǍǘƿǚǒǙǔǘǒǑǘNjǚǏǕǒcǑNJǙNJǜǏǗǜǘnjNJǕ
ǒǗǜǏǚǏǛǗǏǏ ǙǘǚǩǎǔNJnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǘnjǎǚǏnjǘNjǕǘǔNJǒcǏǣǏnjNJǚǒNJǗǜǘnj
ƿǘǜǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǜNJǏǍǘnjǛǏǚNJnjǗǘǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩ ǛǔǕNJǎǗǥǟǎǘǖǘnjǘǎǒǗǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǥǟǒcǙǚǒǖǏǗǏǗnjc&VIXXI
njǥǑǥnjNJǨǣǏǓ Ʋc ǏǛǕǒ ǛǗNJǚǝǐǒ ǏǣǏ ƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘǧǜǘǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǚNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǓǙǚǘǎǝǔǜǙǘǡ
ǖǘǐǗǘǍǘnjǘǚǒǜǦǘNjNJǛǒǖǖǏǜǚǒǒǔǚǥ ǜǒǕǒǢǏǗǗǥǓǎǒǑNJǓǗNJnjcǗǏǖǐǒnjǏǜǎǝǟNJǚǜǘNjǤǏǔǜNJcǷ
ǢǒǒǕǒǟǘǜǩNjǥǘcǔǚNJǛǗǘǖǠnjǏǜǏ Ǚǚǒ ǔNJǔǙǘǧǑǒǩǜǚNJǗǛǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǏǖǘǛǜǒǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǛǜǒǒcǖǘ
njǥǡǗǥǓ njc ƻǔNJǗǎǒǗNJnjǒǒ ǘǗ ǚNJNjǘǜNJ NjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǒƭǘnjǘǚǩn3QRMEQIEQIGYQTSVXS~ǀǒǠǏǚǘǗ
ǏǜǚǒǞǖǘǓǔcǗǘǚnjǏǐǛǔǘǖǝǗNJǑnjNJǗǒǨ ǒǖǏǕnjcnjǒǎǝǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǙǚNJǍǖNJǜǒǡǏǛǔǝǨǘǛǖǥǛǕǏǗǗǘǛǜǦ
ǎǘǖNJǘǑǗNJǡNJǨǣǏǖǝnǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǜǦ~  ǗǘǗNJǖǏǔNJǕǡǜǘnjǘǘNjǣǏǜǘǡǏǕǘnjǏǔǝǗǏǖǗǘǍǘǗNJǎǘƭǘ
ǜǘNJǛǔǏǜǒǑǖǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚNJǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩǛǡǏǛǜǦ njǘǚǩn*SPHEFPIGEFMREXEJJSVHEFPITVMGI~NJnjǜǘǚǥ&VIXXI
ɮ
ǙǚǘǍǚNJǖǖǗǥǖƸǗǙǘǎǚNJǑǝǖǏnjNJǏǜǙǘǕ ǗǏǙǚǘǛǜǘǙǥǜNJǨǜǛǩǙǚǘǎNJǜǦǛǔǕNJǎǗǘǓǛNJǚNJǓǙǘǜǚǏNjǒ
ǗǘǏǘǜǚǏǢǏǗǒǏǘǜNjǥǜNJǝǨǜNJnjǏǣǏǓcǷ ǜǏǕǨnjǑNjǝǎǘǚNJǐǏǗǗǘǖǝǖǏǗǩǨǣǒǖǛǩǖǒǚǘǖNJcǛNJǖǒ
ǒcǔǘǗǠǏǗǜǚNJǠǒǨǗNJǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǏǖǖǒǚǏ ǞǘǚǖǒǚǝǨǜNjǝǎǝǣǏǏ
ƲcǧǜǘǗǏǛǜǘǕǦǔǘNjǘǕǦǢǒǏǘǔǗNJǛǔǘǕǦ ƭǘnjǘǚǩǜǘǗǒǧǜǘǗNJNJǗǍǕǒǓǛǔǘǖǩǑǥǔǏ
ǔǘǒǖǏǗǗǘnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǙǏǚǏǖǏǣNJǜǦ ǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǧǜǘǜǕNJǜnjǒǓǛǔǒǓǛǜNJǚǜNJǙǛǘǑ
ǛnjǘǓǎǘǖǘNjǚǏǜNJǩnjǛǏǗǘnjǥǏǒcǗǘnjǥǏ ǎNJǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǖǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚNJǖǒǗNJƯnjǚǘǙǝƼNJǖǕǨNjǩǜ
njǒǎǥƲcǜǝǜǗǏǕǦǑǩǗǏnjǛǙǘǖǗǒǜǦǡǜǘ ǙǝǜǏǢǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǜǦnjǖǏǛǜǏǛcǎǘǖǘǖNjǕNJǍǘǒcǎǘǚǘǍǒǒcnjǛǩ
njǙǏǚnjǥǏǒǖǏǗNJNJnjǜǘǚǘnj&VIXXIǙǚǘǑnjǝ ǒǗǞǚNJǛǜǚǝǔǜǝǚNJǙǘǎǧǜǘǑNJǜǘǡǏǗǥƹǚǒǧǜǘǖ&VIXXIǗǏ
ǡNJǕǒǗNJǞǏǛǜǒnjNJǕǏnƭǘǚǘǎNJ~cǍǘǎNJ ǐǏǕǏǑǗǥǓǜǚǏǓǕǏǚǗNJǔǘǕǏǛNJǟNJcǗNJǛǜǘǩǣǒǓǎǘǖǍǎǏ
ǍǎǏ njǖǏǛǜǏ Ǜc NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖ ƯǕǏǗǘǓ ǙNJǟǗǏǜǎǏǚǏnjǘǖǒcǍǎǏǖǘǐǗǘǙǘnjǏǛǒǜǦǙǘǕǔǝƷǘǒcǔǘǗ
ɯ
ƹǚǘǧǜǘǜǎǘǖǖǘǐǗǘNjǥǕǘNjǥǗǒǡǏǍǘǗǏǙǒǛNJǜǦNJcǙǚǘǛǜǘ NjǥǛǜǚǘǒcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘ NJcǙǘǜǘǖǎǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦǏǍǘǑNJǔNJǑǡǒ ƹǝǙǥǢǏnjǘǓǘǗǒǛǘǘǚǝǎǒǕǒǒǗǛǜNJǕǕǩǠǒǨnƬǏǜǔǒ~cǷ ǔǝǚǏǗǜǘnjǝcǗǏǍǘǜNJǖǟnjNJǜNJǏǜǧǜǘǒcNJǗǍǕǒǓǛǔǒǓ8IR*SPH
ǙǘǛǜNJnjǒǜǦnjǖǏǛǜǘǜǏǔǛǜNJ56ǔǘǎǙǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǧǜǘǚǘnjǗǘ ǔǝ njcǛǘNjǚNJǗǗǘǖnjǒǎǏǎǘǖǒǖǏǏǜǍNJNjNJǚǒǜǥǛǜNJǗǎNJǚǜǗǘ ǧǞǏǖǏǚǗǥǓ ǎǘǖǒǔ ǎNJǐǏ ǗǏ ǎǘǖǒǔ NJc ǔNJǚǔNJǛ Ǜc ǔǘ ǙǘǟǘǐǒǓǗNJǔǘǛǖǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǙǚǒǢǏǕǦǠNJǒcǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǗǥǓ
ǜǘǜǛǕǝǡNJǓǔǘǍǎNJnjǒǎǏǘnjǛǏǘNjǤǩǛǗǩǏǜƯǎǏǜǙǘǎǘǚǘǍǏ ǍǘǖǘǚǛǔǘǍǘǔǘǗǜǏǓǗǏǚNJǜǘǏǛǜǦǜǚNJǗǛǙǘǚǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǏǍǘ ǛǥǖǎǘǐǎǏǖǚǏǏǔnjǒǎǥǒǑǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘNjǥǕǒǙǚǏǔǚNJǛ ǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǛǔǒǓǢNJǕNJǢ%JSPHǒcǙǚǘǛǜǏǗǦǔǒǓǔNJǗNJǎǛǔǒǓ
ǜǚǏǓǕǏǚnjǏǑǏǜǡǜǘǜǘǜǒǙNJǔǝNjNJǙǘǜǘǖǧǜǘǡǜǘǜǘǛǜNJnjǩǜ ǙǘǎǘǚǘǍNJǖǖǘǐǗǘNjǏǑǎǘǙǘǕǗǒǜǏǕǦǗǥǟǚNJǑǚǏǢǏǗǒǓ  ǗǥǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǑNJǛǡǏǜǜǘǡǗǘnjǥNjǚNJǗǗǘǍǘǖǏǛǜNJ ǛǔǕǘǗ ,EFMXEɓI\ƬcƺǘǛǛǒǒǐǏnjǛǏǙǘǙǥǜǔǒǙǚǒnjǒǜǦNjǥǛǜǚǝǨ
ǗNJǑǏǖǕǨǒcǚNJǛǔǕNJǎǥnjNJǨǜƴǝnjǥǚǔNJǩǛǦǗNJǛnjǘǒǟǢNJǚǗǒ ƼǘǍǎNJǔNJǔǖǘNjǒǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǐǒǕǒǣNJǙǘǔNJǏǣǏǗNJǛǝǣǗǘǓǗǏ ǟǘǕǖNJ NjǏǚǏǍ ǙǚǝǎNJ ǛǘǛǗǥ  Ǘǘ ǒǖǏǗǗǘ Ǚǘǜǘǖǝ ǡǜǘ ǕǏǍǔǝǨǗǏǙǚǒǜǩǑNJǜǏǕǦǗǝǨNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǝǛǙǏǟǘǖǗǏ
ǚNJǟǔNJǔǍǒǖǗNJǛǜǗNJǜǝǚǗǒǔǏǘǗǘǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩnjcǜǚǒǚNJǑNJ ǘNjǟǘǎǒǖǘǛǜǦǨǗǏnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜƲnjNJǗƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjǙǚǒǑǗNJǕ ǙǚǏǎǕNJǍNJǕǒ ǛǘǜǗǒ ǚNJǔǝǚǛǘnjc Ƿ nǚNJǖǘǔ~ ǙǘǚǘǐǎǏǗ ǝnjǏǗǡNJǕǒǛǦƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓǙǏǚǏǗǏǛǙǚǘǏǔǜnjcƭǏǚǖNJǗǒǨLjǑ
NjǘǕǦǢǏǒcǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǎǘǖǁǒǜNJǜǏǕǦǒcǛNJǖǕǏǍǔǘ ǛǩǡǜǘǑNJǢǏǛǜǦǕǏǜǜǘǕǦǔǘǘǎǒǗnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~ǙǘǖǏǗǩǕ ǗǥǟǔǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǏǓ NjNJǢǏnjǒǑǛnjǘǏǍǘǙǚǘǏǔǜNJnjǥǢǏǕ'EFMRE2MREƮǝNjǒǗ
ǗNJǓǎǏǜǧǜǘǜǚǘǕǒǔǗǘǔNJǐǏǜǛǩnjNJǐǗǥǖǑNJǞǒǔǛǒǚǘnjNJǜǦ NJǎǚǏǛǟǘǜǩǜNJǔNJǩnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦnjcǗǏǖǜǘǐǏǑNJǕǘǐǏǗNJ ƹǘǛǕǏǎǗǩǩǐǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǔNJǑNJǕNJǛǦnjǘǚǘ ǗǒǔǘnjNJǘǛǜNJǕNJǛǦnjcǘǎǗǘǖǧǔǑǏǖǙǕǩǚǏNJcƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnj
ǡǜǘǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǘǏǒǑǖǏǚǏǗǒǏǒǑǚǘǖNJǗǜǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǘNjǚNJǑNJ ƪnjǘǘNjǣǏǎǏǕNJǜǦǛǏǚǒǓǗǘǏǒcǗǏǎǘǚǘ ǟǘǖ ǔǚǒnjǘ ǛǕǘǐǏǗǗǥǟ ǚǏǏǔ NJc ǗNJ ǛNJǖǘǖ ǎǏǕǏ ǙǚǏǎ ǎǏǕNJǏǜnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖ~njǛǏǢǒǚǏǒcǎǕǒǗǗǏǏ
ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒǜǛǩǚǏNJǕǦǗǘǓǡNJǛǜǦǨNjǥǜǘnjNJǗǒǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǍǘǏ ǒNjǘǙǚǘǒǑnjǘǎǒǜǛǩǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏ ǒcǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǘǏ Ǚǘǜǘǖǝ ǛǜNJnjǕǩǕNJ ǛǘNjǘǓ ǑNJǙNJǜǏǗǜǘnjNJǗǗǥǓ Ǚǚǘǎǝǔǜc Ƿ nƮǚǏ ƽ&VIXXIǙǚNJnjǎNJǜǘǐǏǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǝǏǜǗǏ
ƸǛǜNJnjNJǩǛǦǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǒcǍǕNJnjǗǥǖǘǚǝǎǒǏǖǚǏǔǕNJǖǥ ǡǜǘǙǚǏǎǙǘǕNJǍNJǏǜǙǏǚǏnjǘǑǔǝ ǐǒǕǒǣǏǙǚǘNjǝǨǜnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒ njǘNjǕǘǔ ƿǚǒǙǔǘ~ LJǜǘ NjǥǕǒ ǜǘǗǔǒǏ ǙǕNJǗǔǒ ǛǏǡǏǗǒǏǖ ǛǔǘǕǦǔǘnjǏǚǛǒǓǚNJǑǖǏǚNJ ǒcǔnjǖ ǗǘǙǚǒǗǠǒ
ƹǘǜǘǖǝǡǜǘǛNJǖNJǒǎǏǩǙǏǚǏǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǙǘ ǖǗǘǍǒǏǧǜǘǒcnƮǝNjǕǦƮǘǖNJ~ 66 ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJǒcnǔǘnj c šc c ǖǖ ǛǔǕǏǏǗǗǥǏ Ǚǘǎ ǎNJnjǕǏǗǒǏǖ ǒc ǛǘNjǚNJǗǗǥǏ ǙǒNJǕǦǗǘǘǗǒǗǏǚNJǑǕǒǡNJǨǜǛǩƪcǎǕǩƺǘǛǛǒǒǍǎǏǖǘǓ
ǖǒǚǝnjǖǏǛǜǏǛǘǛnjǘǒǖǎǘǖǘǖǙǘǔNJǏǣǏǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǚǘǖNJǗ ǡǏǍǒ~ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJLjǑNjNJǢǏnjNJǒcƷNJǜNJǕǒǒƫǚNJǓǕǘnjǛǔǘǓ njc ǙNJǗǏǕǒǖǘǎǝǕǒ ƹǘ ǜNJǔǘǖǝ ǐǏ ǙǚǒǗǠǒǙǝ ǙǚǘǒǑnjǘ ǎǘǖǝǐǏǗǏǘǡǏǗǦǖǘǩǔǚǏǙǘǛǜǦǗǘnjǛǏǏǣǏǖǘǓǙǘǚ
ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒǖǛǕǘǍNJǗǘǖnjcǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǔǚNJǛǒnjǘǘNjǏǚǗǝǜǍǕNJnjǗǥǓ ǒc'EFMRE2MREƾǏǎǘǚNJƮǝNjǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJǒc*YXXIVEPLEYW 57 ǎǩǜǛǩnjǛǏ'08ǙNJǗǏǕǒ 'VSWW0EQMREXIH8MQFIVcǷǙǏǚǏ ǜǚǏǜǒcǖǘǓǛǜNJǜǝǛǧǜǒǛǕǘnjNJǙǘǙǚǏǐǗǏǖǝǑnjǝǡNJǜnjǥ
NjǒǑǗǏǛǛǏǔǚǏǜcǷnjǘǑǖǘǐǗǘǛǜǦǒǑǍǘǜǘnjǒǜǦǎǘǖǗNJǑNJnjǘǎǏ ƶNJǔǛǒǖNJƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǍǘƷǘnjǘnjǛǏǟǧǜǒǟǙǚǘǏǔǜNJǟǒǎǏǩ ǔǚǏǛǜǗǘǛǔǕǏǏǗǗNJǩǎǚǏnjǏǛǒǗNJ ǗǘǒǎǏǩƪǗǜǘǗNJƿǚǒǙǔǘ ǑǘnjǘǖǔǘǖǙNJǔǜǗǥǓǜǒǙǘnjǘǓǗǏǎǘǚǘǍǘǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓ

338 
100.
   

 

*) ;U'UVX*V‰ R<'U X!UV‡

0 ! 
VU<"U<"*' "NRU VX*')*R* J<RwJUŠ
!]Nx*VRUV <;XUVUV*- ;XUVUV*
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

R*<"<'‡)* 'UN*XRVJ. N*ˆ <"<'‡)* *V*Š



 
  
 V"*RRUV "UwRJRU"*RW JxNU#U U!Ž*JV UVŠ

   
 
   ^VV"W ^<R*#U "*#U )aR*#U <R*U!WwV*)‰RUŠ
#U- JUR*_RU RwJU!]Nx*VRUV‰ 'U. X!UV< SVU
 /&2  
V*_*R* U!VUWV*)‰V" 'RU#* w<R. W<N*)) N)W
   ) 
 
 NX^w*ˆ RU<"*Š VJ UR R*<)^_ˆR "*N‰ SVU !)wŠ
  (6( !" # JW 'R* V.W- <N*X*"U< '‡ˆ N*a*"‡ˆ 'V*Š

(( X)- W<)]!)] N*X*"U "<*#U _VU' "N* VX]‰


_ VU!‡ "<'U. ;UVXUˆJ. URU 'J')‰RU ;U.UŠ

 )  
N)U R<*!W 'U- W<)]!)] ;X'*RWV‰ *#U R*)_*Š
R‡' R*aJ^X*R‡' VU)‰JU a)TU"RR‡' ;XUVU
_ VU!‡ R*<!‡)U wRUw- ;UVU' URU ;UV*'R**V ;U_*XR*Š
*V <VR*V *~* )^_a*- W<N^') ;U_*'^ 'R* ;XWVRU
<N*X*"U' X!UVV‰ <;X_R "<VU' _VU SVU *NRŠ
V"*RR‡ˆ 'V*X) w<JUVUXU#U W<'U#^ _VUŠ VU N*Š
)V‰ ' "U' X^J' R*<;X!*#W J<;UVUXURR*ˆ
;U'U~- ;USVU'^ URU 'R* 'J')‰RU ;URWVRU
w<SVU W<*#U <)]!)]-

ƬǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏǏǛǜǦǏǣǏǎnjNJǎǘǖNJǛcNJǎǚǏǛǘǖnƼNJǚǝǛNJ~Ǘǘ ǏǛǕǒǜǥǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǒcǘǗǝcǜǏNjǩǏǛǜǦƮNJ ǙǘǕǒǜǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǒnǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǓǔǘǓ~ǔcnNjNJǑǒǛǝ~ǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗNJ


ǘǗǒǩnjǗǘǑNJǍǘǚǘǎǗǥǏǑNJnjǥǛǘǔǒǖǒǑNJNjǘǚNJǖǒǎNJǛcNjǘǕǦ ǒcǑNJǙǚǘǛǗNJǜNJǔǘǏǖǏǛǜǘnjcǛNJǖǘǖǗNJ ǘNjǏǛǙǏǡǒnjNJǨǣǏǖǝǛǝǣǏǛǜnjǘnjNJǗǒǏǝǛNJǎǦNjǥ
ǢǒǖǒǘǍǘǚǘǎNJǖǒƪcǧǜǘǜcǷǘǡǏnjǒǎǗǘǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǛǜǘǒǜ njǏǚǗǘǏǒǗǜǏǕǕǒǍǏǗǜǛǔǘǖǍǘǚǘǎǔǏƺǘǛ ƹǏǚǏǟǘǎǘǜǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǘǍǘǑǎNJǗǒǩǔcǙǚǒ
ǙǘǔǚNJǛǗǘǓǕǒǗǒǒǝǕǒǠǥǛǕǏǎǝǏǜǏǏǝǔǕǘǗǝǝǡNJǛǜǘǔ ǛǒǒǜǘǐǏǗNJǕǒǡǏǛǜnjǝǏǜ ǛǜǚǘǓǔǏǙǚǘǙǒǛNJǗǗNJǛNJǖǥǟǚNJǑǗǥǟǝǚǘnjǗǩǟǗǘnjǥǓǘNjǤ
ǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓƼNJǔǘnjǥǝǐǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏǍǘǚǘǎNJǔǘ ƺǏǛǜǘǚNJǗǘǞǘǚǖǕǏǗǗǥǓǙǘǧǛǔǒǑNJǖ ǏǖnjǑǩǜǙǘǎǏǎǒǗǥǓǛǔNJǜǛǘǛǜNJǚǥǖǎǘǖǘǖǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǓ
ǜǘǚǥǏǘNjǥǡǗǘǩnjǕǩǨǜǛǘNjǘǓǗǏǡǜǘǛǚǏǎǗǏǏǖǏǐǎǝǍǘ ǟǘǑǩǒǗNJǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩnjcǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǘǖǎǘǖǏ ǠǘǔǘǕǦǡǝǜǦǙǘǎǔǚNJǢǏǗnjcǜǘǗǎǏǚǏnjǝNJcǘǔǘǗǗǥǏǙǏǚǏ
ǚǘǎǘǖ ǒc ǎǏǚǏnjǗǏǓ ǡǏǖ ǒc ǙǚǏǔǚNJǛǗǥ  ƼǏǖ ǗǏ ǖǏǗǏǏ ǔǘǗǠNJ<-<cnjǏǔNJǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǕǨNjǘnjǗǘǘǜ ǙǕǏǜǥnjǘnjǛǏǟǡNJǛǜǩǟǔǘǖǙǕǏǔǛNJǒǎǏǗǜǒǡǗǥǒcǙǘǚǒǛǝǗ
ǜNJǖǍǎǏǘǗǒǗǏǝǖǒǚNJǨǜNJcǙǥǜNJǨǜǛǩǚNJǑnjǒnjNJǜǦǛǩǘǗǒ ǚǏǛǜNJnjǚǒǚǘnjNJǗǡǝǜǦǗNJǎǛǜǚǘǏǗǒcǙǘ ǔǝǒcǙǘǠnjǏǜǝǒcǙǘǞNJǔǜǝǚǏƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǒǔNJǔǘǓnjǘǑǍǘǗǔǒ
njǛǏǜNJǔǒǛǜǚǏǖǩǜǛǩNjǥǜǦnǍǘǚǘǎǘǖ~ƲǖǏǗǗǘǙǘǧǜǘǖǝ NjǏǕǏǗƷǘǔǚǘǖǏǎnjǝǟǧǜNJǐǏǓǚǏǛǜǘǚNJ ǠǏǕǘǛǜǗǘǛǜǒǗǏǜǍǘǚǒǑǘǗǜNJǕǦǗǘǓǔǕNJǎǔǏǔǒǚǙǒǡNJǙǚǘǜǒ
njcǗǒǟǚǏǎǔǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJƪcǏǛǕǒ ǗNJǏǛǜǦǏǣǏnjǏǚNJǗǎNJǚNJǛǙǘǕǘǐǏǗǗNJǩ njǘǙǘǛǜNJnjǕǏǗNJnjǏǚǜǒǔNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǘNjǢǒnjǔǒǜǘ
ǒcǛǜǚǘǩǜǛǩǜǘnjǏǛǦǖNJǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǥǏLJǜǘǐǏcǷǙǏǚ njǘnjǜǘǚǘǖǧǜNJǐǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǘNjǤǏǖNJ ǏǛǜǦǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǛǜNJǚǘǍǘǒcǗǘnjǘǍǘ njcǚǘǕǒǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘǑǎǏǛǦ
njǥǓǘNjǤǏǔǜǔǘǜǘǚǥǓǎǏǖǘǗǛǜǚǒǚǝǏǜǗNJǛǔǘǕǦǔǘǒǗǥǖ ǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǏǗǗǘǍǘǔcǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǘǖǝǛǘǛǜǘ ǗǏǘǐǒǎNJǗǗǘnjǥǛǜǝǙNJǏǜǎǏǚǏnjǘ ǜǘǗǔǘǛǚǏǐǒǛǛǒǚǘnjNJǗǘ
ǖǘǐǏǜNjǥǜǦǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖnjcǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏǛǔǘǓ ǚǘǗǥǎnjǘǚNJƹǚǒǜǘǖǡǜǘǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǏ ƬǙǚǘǡǏǖǒcǛNJǖǎǘǖǗNJǟǘǎǒǜǛǩǛcǘǔǚǝǐNJǨǣǏǓǛǚǏǎǘǓ
ǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǑNJǛǜǚǘǓǔǏ ǑNJǗǒǖNJǏǜǗǏnjǥǍǘǎǗǘǏǖǏǛǜǘnjcǍǕǝNjǒǗǏ njcǜǏǟǐǏǘǜǗǘǢǏǗǒǩǟǗǏǚNJǑǎǏǕǦǗǘǛǜǒǒcǗǏǛǕǒǩǗǗǘǛǜǒ
ƼǘǖǝǙǘǡǏǖǝǘǗǗǏnjcǜǘǓƼNJǚǝǛǏǔǘǜǘ ɭ T  
%
  ǎnjǘǚNJǑNJǛǙǒǗǘǓǔǒǚǙǒǡǗǘǍǘǛǘǛǏǎNJǎNJǏǣǏǒcǘNjǚNJǣǏ ƮǘǖǒcǍǘǚǘǎǛǜNJǚǘǏǒcǗǘnjǘǏǔǒǚǙǒǡǒcǎǏǚǏnjǘcǷnjǛǏ
ǚNJǩnǎǏǚǏnjǗǩ~ ǔNJǔǎnjNJǏǍǘǛǘǛǏǎNJǙǘǧǜǘǓǔǗǒǍǏ ǒǖǏ B   ǗǘǗNJǛǏnjǏǚǘǑNJǙNJǎNJnjǜǘǚǥǛǝǖǏǕǒǛǎǏǕNJǜǦǏǍǘǛnjǏǜ ǒǎǏNJǕǦǗǘǙǚǒǍǗNJǗǘǒcǛǘǛǜǥǔǘnjNJǗǘǙǚǒǧǜǘǖǗǒǡǜǘǗǏ
ǏǜǛǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǏǘNjǤǩǛǗǏǗǒǏƿǘǑǩǒǗǎǘǖNJǛǘǡǒǗǒǕǛǏNjǏ   &J % , ǕǥǖǒcǘǜǚNJǎǗǥǖcǷǗNJǓǎǩǔǝǎNJǛǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǜǦǘǔǗNJ ǒǖǒǜǒǚǝǏǜǎǚǝǍǘǏǗǏǑNJǛǜǒǜǛnjǏǜǒcǗǏǙǘǚǜǒǜnjǒǎ
NjǒǑǗǏǛnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏcǷǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǒǓǚǏǛǜǘǚNJǗǡǒǔnjcnǖǘǛǔǘnj ǒcǘǙǝǛǜǒnjǒǟǗǒǐǏǝǚǘnjǗǩǙǘǕNJƹǘǎnjǏǚNJǗǎǘǓcǷǔǝǟ ƼNJǔǐǏǏǛǜǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǙǘǍǚǝǐǏǗǥnjcǍǘ
Ǜǔǘǖ~ǎǝǟǏǔNJǖǏǚǗǥǓnjǔǝǛǗǥǓǎǒǑNJǓǗǏǚǛǔǒǓƽcǔǘǍǘ ǗǩNJcǛNJǖNJǧǜNJǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩǙǏǚǏ ǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǔǘǗǜǏǔǛǜǒcnjǗǝǜǚǏǗǗǒǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjNJǟǘǑǩǓ
ǗǏNjǥǕǘǜNJǔǘǓǖǏǡǜǥnjǎǘǟǗǘnjǕǏǗǗǘǓǞǚNJǗǠǝǑǛǔǒǖǒ ǔǒǎǥnjNJǏǜǜǏǖǛNJǖǥǖǖǘǛǜǒǔǔcǘǛǜNJǕǦǗǥǖǡNJǛǜǩǖǧǜǘǓ ǛǔǘǍǘǎǘǖNJƬcǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓcǷǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǏǚǟǗǒǓǛnjǏǜ Ǘǘ
ǒcǒǜNJǕǦǩǗǛǔǒǖǒǞǒǕǦǖNJǖǒ#ƷǘnjcƶǘǛǔnjǏǧǜǘǔǘǚǚǝǙ ǖNJǕǏǗǦǔǘǓǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǝǛNJǎǦNjǥǜNJǔǘǓǟNJǚNJǔǜǏǚǗǘǓǎǕǩ ǘǗǒcǕǝǡǢǏǎǕǩǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔNJǒcǗǒǔǜǘnjcǛnjǩǜNJǩǛnjǩǜǥǟ
ǠǒǩǔǘǗǔǝǚǏǗǠǒǩǜǏǚǙǔǒǓǎǝǟǍǕNJǖǝǚNJNJcǜǝǜnjcƼNJǚǝǛǏ ƼNJǚǝǛǥƻcǜǘǓǚNJǑǗǒǠǏǓǡǜǘnǍǘǛǙǘǎǛǔǒǓ~ǎǘǖnjǥǍǕǩǎǒǜ ǗǘǛǗǏǛǝǗǏǜ ǒǑǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓǖǘǐǗǘnjǥǓǜǒǗNJǜǏǚǚNJǛǝ
ǖǘǐǗǘǝǛǜǚǘǒǜǦnjǛǏǙǘǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǖǝnjǔǝǛǝƼǏǖNjǘǕǏǏ ǛǔǚǘǖǗǥǖǛNJǚNJǏǖcǷǒǕǒnjǥǚNJǐNJǩǛǦǩǑǥǔǘǖǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓ ǒcǑNJǘǎǗǘǙǚǘnjǏǎNJǜǦǙǘǎnjǏǎǘǖǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǘNjǣǏǙǒǜ NJcǒǑ

340 
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ
ǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǓǚǝǛǛǔǒǓ

ɮ 

B  

< E- @G?>


ɮ

ǛǙNJǕǦǗǒnjǒǎǏǗǔǝǛǘǡǏǔǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓǙǘǕǝǙǕǘǣNJǎǒcǷǎNJ
ǒcǑNJǡǏǖNjǘǕǦǢǏ#ƲcǜNJǔǐǏǗǏǙǚǒǗǝǐǎǏǗǗǘǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥ
ǛǘǙǚǩǐǏǗǥǒcǖǏǐǎǝǛǘNjǘǓNJǗǜǚǏǛǘǕǦǛcǔNJNjǒǗǏǜǘǖnjǥ
ǟǘǎǒǜǗNJǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǝǨǜNJǕǏǍǔǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJǏǜǛǩnjcǍǘǛǜǒ
ǗǝǨ ǔǘǜǘǚǘǓǔNJǔǜNJǔǘnjǘǓǗǏǜ ǛǜǘǕǦǐǏǕǘǍǒǡǗǘǘǗNJ
ǛǘǙǚǒǔNJǛNJǏǜǛǩǛcǔǝǟǗǏǓ ǝǨǜǗǘǔnjNJǎǚNJǜǗǘǓ NJcǔNJǖǒǗ
ǕǘnjǔǘǘNjǤǏǎǒǗǩǏǜǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘnjǏǚǟǒcǗǒǑǎǘǖNJǗǘǒcǔǝǟǗǨ
ǛcǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓƻǔǚǘǖǗǥǏǚNJǑǖǏǚǥǔǝǟǗǒǒcǘǜǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǏ ǗNJǑǎNJǗǒǩNJǜǜǚNJǔǠǒǘǗǥǔǘǜǘǚǥǏnjǑǚǥnjNJǕǒǛǚǏǎǝǚNJǑ
ǛǜǘǕǘnjǘǓǗNJnjǘǎǩǜǗNJǖǥǛǕǦǘcƵǏƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏǝcǔǘǜǘǚǘǍǘ ǚǝǢNJǕǒǏǏNJǍǚǏǛǛǒnjǗǥǖǒǞǘǚǖNJǖǒǔǚǒǡNJǕǒǘcǛǏNjǏǑNJ
ǜǘǐǏǗǒǡǏǍǘǧǜǘǍǘǗǏNjǥǕǘǒNjǘǛǜǘǕǘnjNJǕǛǩǘǗnjcǚǏǛǜǘ NjǥnjNJǩǙǘǚǘǓǎNJǐǏǘcǎǘǕǐǗǘǖǒǛǙǘǕǗǏǗǒǒǞǝǗǔǠǒǒƲǟ
ǚNJǗǏnjǙǕǘǜǗǝǨǙǚǒǖǥǔNJnjǢǏǖǔcǏǍǘƴNJNjNJǗǘǗǝ ǧǙǘǟNJǗNJǡNJǕNJǛǦǛcƶǝǑǏǩƭǝǍǍǏǗǟNJǓǖNJnjcƫǒǕǦNjNJǘƾǚǧǗǔNJ
ƮǒNJǕǘǍǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjǜǘǐǏǙǚǘǎǘǕǐNJǏǜ ƭǏǚǒ  ǚNJǛǠnjǏǕNJǙǥǢǗǥǖǠnjǏǜǔǘǖƱNJǟǒƿNJǎǒǎǛǜNJ
ǛǩnjcǟǘǑǩǓǛǔǘǖǎǘǖǏǗǒǑǏǍǘǡNJǛǜǒǡǗǘǚǏǢǏǗnjcǔǒǚǙǒ ǕNJǝnjǩǎNJǜǦǙǘǛǕǏǧǔǘǗǘǖǒǡǏǛǔǘǍǘǔǚǒǑǒǛNJcǍǘǎNJ
ǡǏ ǑǎǏǛǦNjǘǓǕǏǚ NJcǎǏǚǏnjǘǝǐǏǗǏǙǚǒǛǜǚǘǓǔNJNJcǗNJǎ NJcǜǏǙǏǚǦǙǚǒǢǕǘǘǜǚǏǑnjǕǏǗǒǏ
ǛǜǚǘǓǔNJƬcǗǏǓcǷǛǙNJǕǦǗǩǛcǛNJǗǝǑǕǘǖNJcǕǏǛǜǗǒǠNJǒǎǏǜ ƹǚNJnjǎNJǗǏǔǘǜǘǚǥǏǖǝǎǚǥǏǚǝǛǛǔǒǏNJǚ
njǗǒǑǘǙǒǚNJǩǛǦǗNJǔNJǖǒǗ ǔǒǚǙǒǡǛǗǘnjNJǙǘǎǎǏǚǐǒnjNJǏǜ ǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥcǷǜNJǔǒǏǔNJǔƯnjǍǏǗǒǓƪǛǛƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǚǘǎ
ǎǏǚǏnjǘ ƬcǔǝǟǗǏǏǛǜǦǜNJǔǘǓnjNJǐǗǥǓNJǜǚǒNjǝǜǟǝǎǘǐǏ ǛǔǒǓcǷǒcǚNJǗǦǢǏǝǔNJǑǥnjNJǕǒnjcǔNJǡǏǛǜnjǏNjǘǕǏǏnjǏǚǗǘ
ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǍǘǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjNJǔNJǔNjNJǚǗNJǩǛǜǘǓǔNJNJcnjcNjǘǕǦǢǘǓ ǍǘǘNjǚNJǑǠNJǗNJnǜǒǟǝǨ~NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǔǘǜǘǚǝǨǎǏǕNJǨǜ
ǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǔǘǓǖǘǐǗǘǙǒǛNJǜǦǒcǐǏǗǣǒǗǒcǠnjǏǜǘǡǔǒǎNJ ƹǏǜǏǚǀǝǖǜǘǚǒǕǒƹǏǜǏǚƶǏǚǔǕǒƹǏǚnjǥǓǙǚNJnjǎNJǗNJ
ǎNJǐǏǒcnƶǏǎǗǘǍǘǑǖǒǩ~ƹǚǒǧǜǘǖǘcǙǚǒǛǝǜǛǜnjǒǒǖNJǛǜǏǚ ǛǜNJǚǘǛǜǒǕǏǜǙǘǎǎNJǕǛǩǜNJǔǒǛǘNjǕNJǑǗǝNJǜǜǚNJǔǜǒnjǗǘǛǜǒ
ǛǔǘǓǛcǝǕǒǠǥǗǏǎǘǍNJǎNJǜǦǛǩǘǔǗNJǔNJǔǒcǗNJnjǏǚNJǗǎǏǚǏ NJcnjǜǘǚǘǓǎǏǚǐǒǜǛǩǛǘǑǎNJnjNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǝǗǏǞǘǚǖNJǖǒ
ǛǜǘǚNJǗNJǘǚǒǏǗǜǒǚǘnjNJǗǥǗNJǛnjǏǜNJcǘǗǛnjǏǜǒǜǍǎǏǟǘǡǏǜ NJcǔNJǔǒǖǒǜǘNjǘǕǏǏǜǘǗǔǒǖǒǖNJǜǏǚǒǩǖǒǒǛǙǘǕǦǑǝǩǛnjǏǜ
ǖNJǕǘǛǘǘNjǚNJǑǝǩǛǦǛcǙǚǏǎǛǜNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǖǒǘcǞNJǛNJǎǏƾNJǛNJǎ ǞNJǔǜǝǚǥǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǩǖNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǘnjƷǏǎNJǚǘǖǘǗǘǛǜNJǏǜǛǩ
ǐǏǙǚǏǎǏǕǦǗǘǎǏǑNJnjǝǒǚǘnjNJǗǑNJNjǘǚǙǕNJnjǗǘǙǚǏnjǚNJǣNJ ǕǨNjǒǖǥǖNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘǖƫǚǘǎǛǔǘǍǘǔǘǜǘǚǥǓnjcǧǜǘǖǎǘǖǏ
ǏǜǛǩnjcǑǎNJǗǒǏǒcǕǒǢǦǛǜǏǔǕǘNjǕǘǔǒnjcǣǒǙǠǏǗNJǖǏǔNJǨǜ ǔNJǔǚNJǑǒcǙǚǒǛǩǍNJǏǜǗNJnjǏǚǗǘǛǜǦǒǟǘNjǣǒǖǙǚǒǗǠǒǙNJǖ
ǡǜǘǧǜǘǎǘǖƹǘǛǔǘǕǦǔǝǐǏǒcǘǗǒNjǘǕǦǢǏNJǛǛǘǠǒǒǚǝǨǜ ƷǘǏǛǜǦǝcǧǜǘǓǗǏǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǛǜǒǒcǙǏǡNJǕǦ
ǛǩǛcǗǏǐǒǕǥǖǒǙǘǖǏǣǏǗǒǩǖǒǜǘǒcǜǝǜǙǚǘǟǘǐǒǓǖǘ ǗǥǓǘǜǜǏǗǘǔƯǛǕǒnjcǙǏǚnjǥǏǙǘǛǜǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǒǏǍǘǎǥǔǚǒǜǒǔǒ
ǐǏǜǙǘǜǏǚǩǜǦǛǩnjcǎǘǍNJǎǔNJǟǛNJǚNJǓǍNJǚNJǐNJǗǍNJǚ#ƪcǧǜǘ ǘǡǏǗǦǙǏǡNJǕǒǕǒǛǦǘcǜǘǖǔNJǔǘǓǝcǗNJǛǗǏnjǘǑǎǏǚǐNJǗǗǥǓ
ǙǚǘǛǜǘǎǘǖǠǏǕǒǔǘǖǘNjǚNJǣǏǗǗǥǓnjǘnjǗǝǜǚǦǒcǛǜǘǙǚǘ ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔǔNJǔǘǗǗǘǚǘnjǒǜǘcǛǏNjǏǑNJǩnjǒǜǦǛǏNjǩǙǘǔNJǑNJǜǦ
ǠǏǗǜǗǘǚǏǢNJǨǣǒǓǑNJǎNJǡǒǛnjǘǏǍǘǟǘǑǩǒǗNJ ǜǘǛǏǍǘǎǗǩǏǍǘnjǔǝǛǑNJǖǏǜǗǘǝǜǘǗǡǒǕǛǩNJcNJǖNjǒǠǒǒcǷ
ƼǚǝǎǗǘ ǝǎǏǚǐNJǜǦǛǩ ǘǜ ǛǘNjǕNJǑǗNJ ǑNJ ǝǍǘǖǘǗǒǕǒǛǦƷǘǝnjǥǍǕNJnjǗǝǨǚǘǕǦnjcǏǍǘnjǘǛǙǒǜNJǗǒǒ
ǔǘǕǦǠǏnjNJǜǦǧǜǝǔǗǒǍǝǔǘǜǘǚNJǩǗNJǡǒǗNJǏǜǛǩǛcǎǚǝǍǘǍǘ ǛǥǍǚNJǕNJǗǏǔǚǒǜǒǔNJ ǒǗǛǜǒǜǝǜǔǘǜǘǚǘǓnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒǙǚNJǔ
ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǎǘǖNJnjcǍǘǚǘǎǏcǷǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjNJƻǝǜǩǍǒǗNJ 1 ǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǝǖǏǚ  NJc njǕNJǛǜǦ Ʋc ǛǏǍǘǎǗǩ ǕǨNjǘǓ ǑNJǔNJǑǡǒǔ
njcƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǏƷǘnjǛǩǏǍǘNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJNjǥǕNJnjǥǑǘnjǘǖ ǑǗNJǏǜǡǜǘǏǛǕǒǘǗNjǝǎǏǜǛǕǒǢǔǘǖǛǒǕǦǗǘǟnjNJǛǜNJǜǦǛǩ
ǙǚǘǜǏǛǜǘǖǛǙǏǔǜNJǔǕǏǖƮǘǖǐǏnjcƼNJǚǝǛǏǙǚNJǔǜǒǡǏǛǔǒ ǒcnjǥǛǘnjǥnjNJǜǦǛǩǜǘǙǚǒǎǝǜǒcǙǏǚǏǞǚNJǑǒǚǝǩǔǕNJǛǛǒǔNJ
ǗǏǑNJǖǏǜǏǗƲcǧǜǘǜǙǝǜǦǘǜǧǔǛǠǏǗǜǚǒǡǗǘǛǜǒǔcǗǘǗǛǙǏǔǜNJ ǛNJǖǒǙǚǏǎǕǘǐNJǜǒcǛNJǖǒnjǛǏǘǜNjǏǚǝǜƪcnjcǛǕǝǡNJǏǗǏǛǘ
ǔǝǕǩǚǗǘǛǜǒcǷǗǒNjǘǕǦǢǏǗǒǖǏǗǦǢǏǔNJǔǧnjǘǕǨǠǒǩǛǘ ǍǕNJǛǒǩǙǚǘǛǜǘǛǙNJǕǩǜǔNJǔǛǘǐǍǕǒǗǏNjǘǛǔǚǏNjƻǝǜǩǍǒ
njǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǑNJǙǘǛǕǏǎǗǨǨǡǏǜnjǏǚǜǦnjǏǔNJcǷ ǗNJƽǐǏǟǘǜǩNjǥǙǘǧǜǘǖǝǛǘǡǏǜNJǗǒǏǎǏǚǏnjNJǛcǔǒǚǙǒǡǘǖ
ǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǓǗǘǒcǔNJǖǏǗǗǘǓǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǔNJǐǏǜǛǩǗǏǜǘǕǦǔǘǡǚǏǑnjǥǡNJǓǗǘǝǖǏǛǜǗǥǖnjcǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǘǓ
ǗǘǒcǖǒǚǘnjǘǓƻcǘǎǗǘǓǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǧǜǘǑNJǔǘǗǗNJǩǚǏNJǔǠǒǩ ǛǒǜǝNJǠǒǒǗǘǒcǡǝǜǦNjǘǕǏǏǗNJǎǏǐǗǥǖ

342 
p" p  
. ' 

ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnj ƱNJNjǏǕǒǗcƲƯ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ ƶǏǏǚǘnjǒǡcƶƭ ƷNJǔNJǑNJǗǒǏǐǒǕǒǣǏǖ ƻǏnjNJǗcƸƭnƶNJǕǥǏƴǘǚǏǕǥ~ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƪƶnƵƯƻ~ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲǍǘǚǩƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJǞǘǜǘ ƻcƵNJǗǍǏcƫƻƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƾǘǜǘƴǚǒǛǜǒNJǗNJƺǒǟǜǏǚǛNJ ƻc%RMWWE;SSH *PMGOV 
Ƕc8%80-21SRS ǁǏǚǜǥǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǛǜǒnjcǎǚǏnjǗǏǚǝǛ ǐǒǕǒǣǗNJǩǙǘǕǒǜǒǔNJnjcƻƻƻƺǔNJǔ ƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔǒǓǖǝǑǏǓǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘ ƻcƬǒǎǥǒcNjǥǜǘnjǥǏǔNJǚǜǒǗǥƺǘǛ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ǘǜǖNJǕNJǎǘnjǏǕǒǔNJƶƹǘǑǗNJnjNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJNJǚǟǒnjnƸNjǕǏǎǏ lc6SGLE8SQFEP%VGLMXIGXIRƶǝǑǏǓ ƻclc+c2EXOIZMGMYW
4EVXRIVW
ȣc  Ǜ ǛǔǘǖǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǏƶƴǗǖNJǍƭǚǘǛ ǛǚǏǎǛǜnjǘǝǙǚNJnjǕǏǗǒǩǕǨǎǦǖǒ Ƕ ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJƶcƹǚǘǍǚǏǛǛƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǩ Ǜǒǒ<:--cnjǏǔNJƺǒǛǝǗǔǒƮǚǏǑǎǏǗ ƻcưǝǚǗNJǕnƷǒnjNJ~ȣc ǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǔǗǒǍNJǙǕǨǛƻc ǗǏǗǒǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǘnj~ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƼǘǖNJǛNJƶNJǓǏǚNJǞǘǜǘ
ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚƼǘǜNJǗƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnj ǖNJǗǒcƴǗǏNjǏǕǦǛ  ƶƺƸƻƻƹLJƷǛ Ǜ ǛǔǘǍǘNJǕǦNjǘǖNJnjǘǛǙǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǗǥǏ ƻcƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǡǏ ƻcƷNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗNJǩǍNJǕǏǚǏǩ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ
Ƕc8%80-21SRS ƱNJNjǏǕǕǘcƻljƲnjNJǗǘnjcƬƷƶNJǔǛǒ ƶǒǕǦǡǒǔcƶƲƱNJǘǗǏǐǦǏƲǛǜǘǚǒǩ ƻǏnjNJǗcƸƭ ƺǘǛǙǒǛǒǐǒǕǥǟǎǘǖǘnj ǛcǙǘǎǕǒǗǗǒǔNJnjcǗNJǜǝǚNJǕǦǗǝǨnjǏ ǛǔǒǓǖǝǑǏǓ ƪǚǖǏǗǒǒǐǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻc1SWXP](VSWW *PMGOV Ǟǘǜǘ
ȣc  Ǜ ǖǘnjcƹƷ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎ ǒcǔǝǕǦǜǝǚNJƸǡǏǚǔǒƾǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǒǒ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJƶƹǚǘǍǚǏǛǛ ǕǒǡǒǗǝǛcǙǚǒǕǘǐǏǗǒǏǖǔNJǚǜǥǙǝǜǒ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻƻƻƺ~ȣcƻc ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƫǘǚǒǛNJƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒ ƫǏǗNJƿǘǛǔǒǗǍNJlc6SSQ
ƪǣǏǙǔǘnjcƯƪ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏ ǡǏǛǜnjǘƶƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏNJǚǟǒ ƻƹNjƵǒǔǒƺǘǛǛǒǒǛ ƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǛ ǠǏǛNJǚǛǔNJǍǘǙǘǛǘǕǦǛǜnjNJǶcǍǍ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǐǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻƻƻƺ~ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƷNJǚǘǎǒǠǔǘǍǘ ƻcƾǘǜǘƴǒǚǒǕǕNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJ ƻc2MGSPEW,IRHIVWSR *PMGOV 
ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƶƲǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƪǔNJǎǏ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƪǔNJǎǏǖǒǒ ƶǒǕǦǡǒǔcƶƲƹǘNjǏǚǏǍNJǖƹǒǗǏǍǒ ƻǖǒǚǗǘnjNJcLJƻƹǘNjǏǚǏǍNJǖƸǗǏǐ ƶƲǑǎNJǗǒǏƪƻcƻǝnjǘǚǒǗNJ ƻcƹǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǘǜǔǚǥǜǔNJ ȣcƻc ƻc7YRHV]4LSXSKVETL]1EXLMEW ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ
ǖǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƻƻƻƺǛ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƻƻƻƺǛ ǒcƶǏǑǏǗǒƵƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘƵǏǗǒǗ ǛǔǘǍǘǘǑǏǚNJƵƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘƵǏǗǒǗ Ƶc NJǚǟǒnjƶǝǑǏǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛ ƻcưǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ %TMX^ *PMGOV  NJǚǟǒnjƫǘǚǒǛNJƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ
ƫǒǕǒNjǒǗcƲljƷNJǚǘǎǗǘǏǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjǘ ƱNJNjǏǕǦǢNJǗǛǔǒǓcƭƫƮNJǡNJcƹǚǘǏǔǜ ǍǚNJǎǛǔǘǏǘǜǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǛ ǍǚNJǎǛǔǘǏǘǜǎǏǕǏǗǒǏǛ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ǛǜnjNJnƭNJǚNJǐ~ ƻƻƻƺ~ȣcƻcNJǚǟǒnj 'c.EWSR4EVMW *PMGOV  ƻc(/*VIHVMO0MRKI *PMGOV  ƻcƾǘǜǘƬǕNJǎǒǛǕNJnjNJ
ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJcƶǒǚǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ ƺǘǛǛǒǩȣc ƶǒǕǦǡǒǔcƶƲ ƽǢNJǔǘnjcLjƻƮǏǚǏ ƻǖǘǕǒǠǔǒǓcƬƭƺǝǛǦǒǑNjǩǗNJǩƶ ƻǝǛǕǘnjcƬƬƹNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒǎǚǏnjǗǏǍǘ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƶNJǚǔNJƭǝǚNJǚǒƵNJǜnjǒǓǛǔǒǓǖǝǑǏǓ ƻclc7XIZIR,SPP%VGLMXIGXW ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƲǍǘǚǩǁǒǚǔǒǗNJ ƴǘǡǏǜǔǘnjNJ
ƼcƻǶ ƹǏǚǏǒǑǎ ƴNJǕǖǥǔǘnjNJcƬƷƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ njǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏ ƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǚǏǛǙǝNjǕǒǔNJǗ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJƬǥǙcƻƹNj ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ NJǚǟǒnjƼNJǜǦǩǗǥƻǔǘǚǎǝǕǒ ƻclc,MKLWQMXL%VGLMZI0MFVEV]
ƫǒǕǒNjǒǗcƲljƻǜNJǜǦǒƹǒǛǦǖNJƬǘǛ ǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘǛǏǕNJƶƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜ ǚNJƻǜǚNJǗǒǠǥǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƵƻǜǚǘǓ ǛǔǒǓǠǏǗǜǚǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǞǘǕǦǔǕǘǚNJ ƲǖǙƪǔNJǎǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjƵc ƻcƻǘNjǚNJǗǒǏƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗǥ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƵǨǎǖǒǕǥƴǚNJǛǒǕǘnjǘǓ ǞǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƷNJǚǘǎǒǠǔǘǍǘ ƻclcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƬǒǗǘǍǚNJǎǘnj SJ'SRKVIWW
ǙǘǖǒǗNJǗǒǩǘcǟǝǎǘǐǗǒǔǏƵƲǛǔǝǛ Ǜ ǒǑǎNJǜƵǏǗǒǗǍǚNJǎǛǔǘǏǘǜǎǏǕǏǗǒǏ Ǜ ƻƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗNJǩƼǚǏǜǦǩǔǘnj ǂǘǚNjNJǗǞǘǜǘƪǗǎǚǏǩljǍǝNjǛǔǘǍǘ ƻc,32/%NJǚǟǒnjƶNJǚǔNJƭǝǚNJǚǒ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƮǝNjǘǛNJǚǛǔǒǓ ƻcƾǘǜǘƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJƹNJǙǏǚǗǘǍǘ
Ǜǜnjǘ ƴǒNjǒǚǏnjcƬƶ ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏ Ǜ ƻǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏ ǛǔNJǩǍNJǕǏǚǏǩ ƻcƻǘNjǚNJǗǒǏƻǜǏǙNJǗNJƵǒǙǍNJǚǜNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƯnjǍǏǗǒǩƪǛǛNJǞǘǜǘ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƸǕǦǍǒƻǏnjNJǗǞǘǜǘ ƻclc.SWI9PPSE(EZIX ǞǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ƫǘǎǧcƪƫƱǒǗǒǗNJcƸƪƴǘǛǏǗ ǛǜnjǘƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJǒcǏǍǘǚǘǕǦ ƷNJǣǘǔǒǗNJcƶƬ ƮNJǡǗǥǏǙǘǛǏǕǔǒc ƪƺƿƲ;33(ǕǝǡǢǏǏǶc 'cƭNJNjǏcƺƶƴNJǚǏǕǦǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ LjǚǒǩƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJ ƶǒǟNJǧǕǩƵǘǜNJǚNJNJǍǏǗǜǛǜnjǘ%/+ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƶǒǟNJǒǕNJƴǚǥǖǘnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ǔǘnjcƪLjƹǘǙǘnjcƬƪ ƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǘǗǗǘǏ njcǞǘǚǖǒǚǘnjNJǗǒǒǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ ƭǚNJǎǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƺǘǛǛǒǒǛǏǚǏ ƪnjǜǛǘǛǜƷƻcƶNJǕǒǗǒǗƻƹNj njǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƶƭǘǛǝǎNJǚ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗ ƻcƾǘǜǘLjǚǒǩƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJƹNJǙǏǚǗǘǍǘ 8SFMR *PMGOV  ƻclc7XYHMS7/0-1NJǚǟǒnjƬǕNJ
ǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǒǑǎǏǚǏnjNJǒcǙǕǘǜ ǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǥǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǙǘǖNJ ǎǒǗǥ<-<cǷǗNJǡNJǕNJ<<cnjǏǔNJnjccǜ ƺǘǛǛNJƺNJǔǏǗǗǏƻƹNjǛ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǏNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦ ǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘǓǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǎǚǏǩƪǛNJǎǘnjNJ ƻƼǏNJǜǚNJǕǦǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƶǒǟNJǒǕNJƴǚǥǖǘnjNJ ǎǒǖǒǚNJƶǘǍǝǗǘnjNJ
ǗǒǠǔǘǏǖNJǛǜǏǚǛǜnjǘƶƲǗǛǜǒǜǝǜ ǜǏǚǒNJǕNJǖǧǔǛǙǏǎǒǠǒǓǶ ƼcƭǘǚǘǎNJǒcǗǘnjǥǏǜǒǙǥǙǘǛǏǕǏ ƻǝǛǕǘnjcƬƬƸǡǏǚǔǒǙǘǒǛǜǘǚǒǒ ǛǜnjǘƪǔNJǎǏǖǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƻƻƻƺ ƺǘǛǛǒǒ ƻcƻǝǛǕǘnjNJcƪƬƻǕNJnjǒǗNJcƼƪ ǒǖcƪƪcƫNJǟǚǝǢǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ƷNJǛǕǏǎǒǩǛ ǍǘǎǘnjƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔƹNJǚǜǗǏǚƷƹ ǗǒǓcƯƲcƴǒǚǒǡǏǗǔǘ?ǒǎǚAƶ ǎǚǏnjǗǏǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJƻƹNj 'c ƻcƻǘNjǚNJǗǒǏƯǕǏǗǥƵǘǙǩǕǘ ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚƻǝǛǕǘnjƵƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǗǥƺNJNjǔǒǗǘǓǞǘǜǘ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲnjNJǗNJƮǥǚǔǒǗNJǐǝǚ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƷNJǚǘǎǒǠ
ƫǚǘǗǘnjǒǠǔNJǩcƷƷ ƹNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒNJǚǟǒ Ǜ ƹǚǘǍǚǏǛǛƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǩ ƼǒǙƪƾcƶNJǚǔǛNJǛ 'cƻǖǘǕǏǗǛǔǒǓǍǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩƻǏǚǍǏǩ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻƻƻƺ~ ǔǘǍǘlcƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓ
ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƶǘǛǔnjǥnjcǜƼƪǚǟǒ ƴǒǚǒǡǏǗǔǘcƯƲƺǝǛǛǔǒǓǛǜǒǕǦ ƷNJǣǘǔǒǗNJcƶƬ ƶǘǛǔǘnjǛǔǒǓNJǚǟǒ ƻǝǛǕǘnjcƬƬƹNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒǎǚǏnjǗǏǍǘǚǝǛ ǖǝǑǏǓǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔǙǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǖNJǚǔNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJǞǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩ ǁǘNjNJǗNJl:MRGIRX:IVKEMR ƻclc0SRHSR7XERWXIH%MVTSVX ȣcƻc ƲǕǦǩƽǜǔǒǗlc/EXWYXSWLM7EWEOM
ǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƶǘǛǔnjǥǶǍǍƶ ƹǘǒǛǔǒnjǥǚNJǐǏǗǒǩǗNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǓ ǜǏǔǜǘǚƵǏnjƴǏǔǝǢǏnjƻƹNjƴǘǕǘ ǛǔǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJƶƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻ ǒǑǛǏǚǒǒnƹNJǖǩǜǗǒǔǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƷǒǔǒǜǥljnjǏǓǗNJ *PMGOV ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjcƪƬƺǝǛǛǔǘǏ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ %WWSGMEXIW
ƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ<<-cnjǏǔǛ ǛNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǛǜǒƷNJǚǘǎǗǘǛǜǦǒcǗNJ Ǜ  ƻƻƻƺ~ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƭǚNJǐǎNJǗ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ(MVO9LPMK *PMGOV  ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍNJ
ƫǚǨǛǘnjNJcƬƭƹǘƸǕǘǗǏǠǔǘǓǑǏǖǕǏ ǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǘǛǜǦƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǎǚǏnjǗǏ ƷǘnjǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǶcƹǘǎ ƻǝǛǕǘnjcƬƬƹǝǜǏnjǥǏǑNJǖǏǜǔǒ ƻcƾǘǜǘƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚNJƵNJǚǒǘǗǘnjNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǛǔǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƶ ƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǞǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ ǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘǒcǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJ ǚǏǎƷƻcƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNjǝǚǍ ǘcǛǏnjǏǚǏƺǘǛǛǒǒǒcƷǘǚnjǏǍǒǒƻƹNj ǞǘǜǘƫǘǚǒǛNJƮǖǒǜǚǒǏnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǚǜǏǖNJƫǏǕǏnjǒǡNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻc ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJǐǝǚǗNJǕnƱǘǎǡǒǓ~ ƻcƾǘǜǘƬǒǔǜǘǚNJǁǏǚǗǥǢǘnjNJ
ƬǏǚǏǣNJǍǒǗcƬƬƷNJƻǏnjǏǚǗǘǓƮnjǒ njcǚǝǛǛǔǘǖǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǏ<:---cǷǗNJǡNJǕNJ 8%80-2 ƼǒǙƪƾcƶNJǚǔǛNJǛ ƻcƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƾǘǜǘLjǕǒǒƫǥǡǔǘnjǘǓ ƻcƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǘǏǜnjǘǚǡǏǛǜnjǘ ȣcƵc ǞǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ǗǏƶƼǒǙǘǕǒǜƼnjNJƴǝǢǗǏǚǏnj <<cnjǏǔNJƶƭNJǕNJǚǜǛ ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjcƪƬ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ƼǚǝǎǘǕǨNjǘnjcƶƪ ƵǨǎǒǑNJǑNJNjǘ ǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔnƹNJnjǕǘnjǛǔ~ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍcƶlj ƻc;MOM%VUYMXIGXYVEǞǘǜǘƭǏǗ ƻƻƻƺƬǥǙcƶƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƲnjNJǗNJƵǝǗǍǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲnjNJǗNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJ
ǒcƴǘǛ ƴǕNJǝǍǝƶǝǓǐNJcƲnjNJǗǘnjcƪƬƺNJǙ ǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƭǚNJǐǎNJǗǛǔǘǏǑǘǎǡǏ ǚǘǖǁNJǛǜǗǘǏǙǚǘǛǜǚNJǗǛǜnjǘnjǕNJǛǜǦ ƻcƷǘnjNJǩǔǘǕǕǏǔǠǒǩnjǒǎǘnj ưǒǕǒǣǏǘǙǥǜǙǩǜǒǕǏǜǗǏǓǚNJNjǘǜǥ ǗNJǎǒǩƴǘǙǘǛǘnjNJǞǘǜǘLjǚǒǩ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjǍǚǝǙǙǥnƼǒǟǒǓǡNJǛ~
ƭNJNjǏcƺƶƴNJǚǏǕǦǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏ ǙNJǙǘǚǜcƪƭ?ǒǎǚAƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNjǝǚǍ ǛǜnjǘƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ ǒcǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǘǛǜǦnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒƶ ƻNJǗǔǜƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍNJǒcǏǍǘǘǔǚǏǛǜǗǘ ǗNJǎǙǚǘNjǕǏǖǘǓǐǒǕǒǣNJƶƭǘǛ ƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƪǗǎǚǏǩƭǘǑNJǔNJ
ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƶƲǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƪǔNJǎǏ 8%80-2Ǜ ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjcƪƬƻǘǔǚǘnjǒǣNJƺǝǛ ƷǘnjǘǏǒǑǎNJǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘǛ ǛǜǏǓƻƹNjƵǒǜƪ ƹǕǨǢNJǚNJ ǗNJǝǡǗǘǜǏǟǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǒǑǎnjǘǛǜǚǘ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƶǝǑǏǩǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǘ ƻcƾǘǜǘƮǖǒǜǚǒǩǁǏNjNJǗǏǗǔǘ ƻc7IFEWXMIR0EYIV *PMGOV Ǟǘǜǘ
ǖǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƻƻƻƺǛ ƴǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǒcǞǘǚǖNJnjcǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǓ ǛǔǘǍǘǛǏnjǏǚNJƶƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜ ƼǥǎǖNJǗcƵƬƲǑNjNJƮǘǖƮnjǘǚǏǠ ǙǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǘǜǔǚǥǜǔNJǏ ǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǓǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒǒǒcǛǝǎǘǛǜǚǘǏ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǍǘǒǛǔǝǛǛǜnjNJnƭNJǚNJǐ~ǞǘǜǘLjǚǒǩ ƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƬNJǕǏǚǒǒƴǝǑǗǏǠǘnjǘǓ
ƭǗǏǎǘnjǛǔǒǓcƫƬƮǘNjǚǘnjǘǕǦ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏcƬǘǕǡǘǔcLjƹ?ǒǎǚA Ǜ ưǒǕǘǓǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚƺǘǛǛǒǒǛc ƻcƻǕNJnjǒǗNJcƼƪƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗƼǘǗ Ǘǒǩ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǜǘǗNJƶNJǕǦǠǏnjNJ ƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲnjNJǗNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƻǏǚǍǏǩƶǒǢǒǗNJ
ǛǔNJǩcLJƮƬǘǔǚǝǍƪǚǟNJǗǍǏǕǦǛǔNJƶ ƶƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜǛ ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjcƪƬƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjNJcƯƪ ǙǘǏǍǘǎǥƶƹǚǘǍǚǏǛǛ ƶƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜƻcǞǘǜǘ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƹǘǕǝǩǗǛǔǒǓcƴljƮNJǡǒǜǏǖǗǥǏǛǜǘ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻclc1G&VMHI'LEVPIW6]ER
ƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ ƴǚNJǛǒǕǘnjNJcƵƪ ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǏǎǘǖNJ ƲǑNjǩǗNJǩǕǒǜǝǚǍǒǩǔǗǒǍNJǘcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ƼǚNJǎǒǠǒǩǛ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƻNJnjǒǗNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǚǘǗǥǗNJǏǖǗǥǟǎNJǡǒcnjǥǍǘǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻc*SVKIQMRH%VGLM1IHME %VGLMXIGXW
ƭǘǚǗǘǛǜNJǏnjcƾƾƭǚNJNjNJǚǦcƲLJ ƽǡǏNjǗǘǏǙǘǛǘNjǒǏǎǕǩnjǝǑǘnjƶ ǒǑNjǏƶƸǙǘǕǘǛ ƽǢNJǔǘnjcLjƻ ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲnjNJǗNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǘ ƻcƬǘǕǡǘǔcLjƹƲnjNJǗǘnjNJcƯƴ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǎNJǡǒƻƹNjƲǑǎǜnjNJ ƻcƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍcƶljưǒǕǒǣǏ *PMGOV NJǚǟǒnjƷǒǔǒǜǥƪǛNJǎǘnjNJ ƻclc+YMR¬IIX4SXMR
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘǚǝǛǛǔǘǍǘ ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻ ƸǚǞǒǗǛǔǒǓcƬƹƵǘǍǒǔNJǔǚNJǛǘǜǥ ǛǜnjǘƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJ ǗNJǚǘǎǗǥǏ njNJƼNJǚNJǗǜNJǛƹǝǜǏnjǥǏnjǙǏǡNJǜǕǏǗǒǩ ƴNJǠǗǏǕǦǛǘǗcƺƪƵǏNjǏǎǏnjcLjƻ ƶƸcƬǘǕǦǞƻc ǘǙǥǜǙǩǜǒǕǏǜǗǏǓǚNJNjǘǜǥǗNJǎǙǚǘ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǜǘǗNJƻǏnjNJǛǜǦǩǗǘnjNJ %VGLMXIGXIW
ǛǏnjǏǚNJcƭǚNJNjNJǚǦcƲLJƸcǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ƴǚNJǛǘnjǛǔǒǓcƶƬƴǝǚǛǒǛǜǘǚǒǒǚǝǛ ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǗǥǏǗǘnjǏǕǕǥƹǏǜǚǘǑNJ ǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒǒcǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗǗǥǏǙǚǘNjǕǏ ǍǚNJǞNJƬƪcƻǘǕǕǘǍǝNjNJƻƹNjƲǑǎNJ ƴǘǗǛǜǚǝǔǠǒǒǒcǞǘǚǖNJnjcǛǘnjǏǜ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƾǚNJǗǠǒǛǔǘƲǗǞNJǗǜǏ NjǕǏǖǘǓǐǒǕǒǣNJƶƭǘǛǗNJǝǡǗǘ ƻcƾǘǜǘƮǏǗǒǛNJƺǘǖǘǎǒǗNJ ƻc(SYK/IVV *PMGOV Ǟǘǜǘ
NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƶƷNJǝǔNJ ǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǁƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏ njǘǎǛǔƴNJǚǏǕǒǩǛ ǖǥ ƵƱǗNJǗǒǏǛ ǗǒǏǔǗǒǍǘǙǚǘǎNJnjǠNJƪǗǎǚǏǩƲnjNJǗǘ ǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƶƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜ ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjcƪƬƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǜǏǟǗǒǡǏǛǔǘǏǒǑǎnjǘǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǗǘǓ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛǏǩƷNJǚǘǎǒǠ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗǘnjNJ
ƭǝǗǗcƭƹ ƴNJǚǍǘǙǘǕǦǏcǷƸǗǏǍNJƶ ǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƹǏǜǚǘǍǚNJǎ ƹǏǚǏ ƸǚǞǒǗǛǔǒǓcƬƹ ƭǚǒǢǒǗNJcƲƯƼǒǙǘ ƾǒǕǘǛǘǞǘnjcƮƬƻNJǖǘNjǥǜǗǘǛǜǦǚǝǛ njNJ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƭǚNJǐǎNJǗǛǔǘǏǑǘǎǡǏ ǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒǒǒcǛǝǎǘǛǜǚǘǏǗǒǩ ǔǘǍǘǞǘǜǘƯǕǏǗǥƴǏǗǝǗǏǗNJǍǏǗǜ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjǍǚǝǙǙǥnƼǒǟǒǓǡNJǛ~
ƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ ǒǑǎ ƴǚNJǛǘnjǛǔǒǓcƶƬLJǗǠǒǔǕǘǙǏ ǕǘǍǒǩǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǍǘǔǝǕǦǜǘnjǘǍǘǑǘǎ ǛǔǘǍǘǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjNJcƺǝǛǛǔNJǩǖǥǛǕǦ ƻcƪǕǦǖNJǗNJǟnƶǘǜǒnjǥǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǛǜnjǘƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘƻc ǞǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ Ǜǜnjǘ4LSXS<4VIWWǞǘǜǘƴǒǚǒǕǕNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ƭǝǗǗcƭƹ ƹǘǗǒǐǗǏǓƹǏǡǘǚǏƶ ǎǒǩǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥƮǏǚǏ ǡǏǛǜnjNJƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJƹǏǜǚǘǑNJ ȣc NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~ƻƹNjƵǒǜƪcƺǏǓǗ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƻc,32/% ƻNJǕǦǗǒǔǘnjNJ ƻclc%PZEV%EPXS*SYRHEXMSR
ƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ njǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƻƹNjƻƪƼƲƻDŽ njǘǎǛǔƹǏǜǚƭƽǛ ƿNJǗƶNJǍǘǖǏǎǘnjcƻƸƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ NjǘǜƵǕ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjcƪƬƺǝǛǛǔǘǏ ƻc2MGSPEW:SPPQIV *PMGOV Ǟǘǜǘ ƻcƪǕǦǖNJǗNJǟnƶǘǜǒnjǥǚǝǛǛǔǘǓ %PZEV%EPXSQYWIIXNJǍǏǗǜǛǜnjǘ%/+
ƭǝǗǗcƭƹ ƴNJǚǍǘǙǘǕǦǛǔǒǓǘǑǏǚǗǥǓ Ǜ ƹǏǚǖǒǕǘnjǛǔNJǩcƪƫƴǚǏǛǜǦǩǗǛǔǒǓ ǚNJǛǘnjǏǜǛǔǘǍǘNJnjNJǗǍNJǚǎNJnjcǜƶ ƻcƹǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǘǜǔǚǥǜǔNJǏ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƭǚNJǐǎNJǗ ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƵǘǐǔǒǗNJNJǍǏǗǜǛǜnjǘ NJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~ƻƹNjƵǒǜƪcƺǏǓǗ ƻcƾǘǜǘƺǘNjNJƹǧǚǒǢNJlc*%8
ǔǚNJǓƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ ƴǝǕǦǜǝǚNJǎǏǚǏnjNJcǷǎǏǚǏnjǘnjcǔǝǕǦ ǎǘǖnjcǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǏƺǝǛǛǔǘǍǘƻǏnjǏǚNJ ƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜ NJǕǦǖNJǗNJǟnƶǘǜǒnjǥǚǝǛǛǔǘǓNJǚǟǒ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ǛǔǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ 4LSXS<4VIWW NjǘǜƵǕǙǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǘǜ ǞǘǜǘƻǏǚǍǏǩƴǘǕǡǒǗNJ
ƮNJǕǦcƵƬƻǜNJǚǒǗǗǥǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗ ǜǝǚǏƼǏǑǒǛǥǖǏǐǎǗNJǝǡǙǚNJǔǜ <-<cǷǗNJǡNJǕǘƿƿnjǏǔNJ ƪǚǟNJǗ ǁǏǔNJǕǘnjcƪƴƹǘǚǏǔǏƴǘǔǢǏǗǦǍǏ ǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ~ƻƹNjƵǒǜƪcƺǏǓǗNjǘǜ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƺǏǖǒǑǘnjNJ ƻclc3/3+VSYT ƻclc%PPER;I\PIV/MQSR&IVPMR ǔǚǥǜǔNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǎǚǏǩƪǛNJǎǘnjNJlc8IR
ǗǥǏǠǏǚǔnjǒƸǕǘǗǏǠǔǘǓǍǝNjǏǚǗǒǒc ǔǘǗǞǏǚǏǗǠǒǒǶcǛǏǗǜǩNjǚǩ ǍǏǕǦǛǔƹǚNJnjǎNJƻǏnjǏǚNJǛ ƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘǛ Ƶc ƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘLjǚǒǩƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJ NJǚǟǒnj *PMGOV  ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ *SPH)RKMRIIVMRKlc%JSPHLSYWIW
ƱǘǎǡǒǓȣcǶ cǍƶ ƹǘǎǤǩǙǘǕǦǛǔǒǓcƻƻƹǘƻǝǟǘǗǏ ǂǘnjǛǔNJǩƼƪǕǏǔǛǏǓƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǎǚǏǩƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnjNJ ƻcƴǚǨǡǔǘnjNJcƶƪcƪNjNJǔǝǖǘ ƯnjǍǏǗǒǩƪǛǛNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘLjǚǒǩƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJǞǘǜǘ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗNJǩNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnjcǔǝǕǦǜǝǚ ƵNJǗǍǏcƫƻ ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖǘǜǖNJǕNJ ǒcƻǏnjǏǚǗǘǓƮnjǒǗǏƶƲǛǔǝǛǛǜnjǘ ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ
ǒǗǜǏǚǦǏǚǥƯǔNJǜǏ ƷǘnjǥǓǛǜǒǕǦǙǚǘǏǔǜǘnjǔNJǖǏǗǗǥǟ njNJcƷƪƽcǛǜǏǗƷǘnjǘǍǘƲǏǚǝǛNJǕǒ ƻcƪǍǏǗǜǛǜnjǘ%/+ ƹǏǜǚNJƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘLJǚnjǏƪNjNjNJǎǒ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ
ǗǘǖǕNJǗǎǢNJǞǜǏnjǥǑǘnjǥǛǘnjǚǏǖǏǗ ǎǘnjǏǕǒǔNJƶƹǘǑǗNJnjNJǜǏǕǦǗNJǩǔǗǒ Ǜ ǚǒǗNjǝǚǍ8%80-2Ǜ ǒcǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǟǎNJǡǘǛǘNjǗǩǔǘnjǒcǑNJ ǖNJƲǛǜǘǚǒǩǍǘǚǘǎNJƬǘǛǔǚǏǛǏǗǛǔNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƴǒǚǒǕǕNJƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƺǘǖNJǗNJƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjNJ lc/EVE[MX^GEVPJFEKKI *PMGOV 
ǗǘǛǜǒƶNJǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǖǏǐǎǝǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǓ ǍNJǙǕǨǛǛ ƹǘǕǝǩǗǛǔǒǓcƴljƮNJǡǒƼǏǖǗǥǏǛǜǘ ǂǘnjǛǔNJǩƼ ƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ǍǘǚǘǎǎǘǖǘnjcƹǘǎǚǏǎƬcƻǜǘǚǒ ƲǛǜǚǥƶǐǝǚǗNJǕ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ lc)VMG4EGI%VGLMXIGXI ƻc1MGLEIP(&IGO[MXL *PMGOV 
ǔǘǗǞǏǚǏǗǠǒǒǁǏǟǒǩƬNJǕNJǢǛǔǒǓ ƵǒǛǏǗǔǘcƵƶ ƮǏǚǏnjǘnjcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝ ǚǘǗǥǗNJǏǖǗǥǟǎNJǡǒcnjǥǍǘǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍǒcƹǏǜǚƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjƯǔNJǜǏ ƻƹNjƶƭcƻǜǚNJǔǝǗƼNJNjƿƿ nƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǒcǛǜǚǘǒǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘ~ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJNJǍǏǗǜǛǜnjǘ%/+ ƻcƭǘǛǝǎNJǚǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ ǞǘǜǘƹǘǕNJƽǘǚǔǘǕNJlc4IXIV*SVFIW
ǖǝǑǏǓǙǘǎǘǜǔǚǥǜǥǖǗǏNjǘǖ ǚǏƶcƻǜǚǘǓǒǑǎNJǜǛ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǎNJǡǒƶƻƹNjƲǑǎ ǚǒǗNjǝǚǍ8%80-2Ǜ ƻcƹǘǕǝǩǗǛǔǒǓcƴljƮNJǡǒ ȣc ƻcƾǘǜǘLjǕǒǒƫǥǡǔǘnjǘǓ ǒǛǜǘǚǒǒƻNJǗǔǜƹǏǜǏǚNjǝǚǍNJ ƻclc4VIFYMPXlc9VFMTIHME
G ƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓcƬƭnƷNJǠǒǘǗNJǕǦǗǥǓ ǜnjNJƶƸƬǘǕǦǞ ǂǘnjǛǔNJǩƼƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǘǚǥƫǏǕǘǝ ƼǏǖǗǥǏǛǜǘǚǘǗǥǗNJǏǖǗǥǟǎNJǡǒcnjǥ ƻcưǝǚǗNJǕnƻǘnjǏǜǛǔNJǩǧǜǗǘ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƻcƾǘǜǘƶǒǟNJǒǕNJƻǜǏǙNJǗǘnjNJ ƻclc972EXMSREP4EVO7IVZMGI
ƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘƷǘnjǥǏǖNJ ǛǜǒǕǦ~njcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǏƺǘǛǛǒǒƶ ƹǚNJǓǛƽƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJnjcǎǏǚǏnjǏ ǛǘnjǥƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNjǝǚǍ8%80-2 ǍǘǎNJǛǜǚǘǒǜǦ ǛǘNjǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǏǎNJǡǒ ǍǚNJǞǒǩ~ȣcƻc ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻc)VMG;MXXQER *PMGOV  ƻclc>IGG%VGLMXIGXIR
ǜǏǚǒNJǕǥǒcǘǜǔǚǥǜǒǩ?ǛNjǘǚǗǒǔǗNJǝǡ ƻǘnjǙNJǎǏǗǒǏǛ ƶƫǏǚǜǏǕǦǛǖNJǗǗƶǏǎǒNJƶǘǛǔNJǝ G ƶƻƹNjƲǑǎǜnjNJƶƸcƬǘǕǦǞ ƻcǶƾǘǜǘƾǏǎǘǚNJƻNJnjǒǗǠǏnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJƶǝ ƻcƾǘǜǘƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJǞǘǜǘ ƻc(ERMIP.SPMZIX *PMGOV Ǟǘǜǘ
ǗǥǟǛǜNJǜǏǓcƺǘǛNJǔNJǎNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓcƬƭƮǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǥǓǎǘǖ Ǜ ǂǘǚNjNJǗƯƸǜǑNJnjǘǎǛǔǘǍǘNjNJǚNJǔNJ ƻc ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƸǔǏLJǛǘǗƵǒǗǎǖNJǗlc8LEQ

ǒcǛǜǚǘǒǜǗNJǝǔƷƲƲcǜǏǘǚǒǒǒcǒǛǜǘ ƲǛǜǘǚǒǩǒcNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻƹNjƺǘǛǛNJ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏƬǑǍǕǩǎǒǑ ǔcǍǘǚǘǎǝǛNJǎǝǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǐǒǕǒǣǏ ƻcƾǘǜǘƬNJǕǏǚǒǩƹǕǘǜǗǒǔǘnjNJ NJǚǟǒnjnƿƿƻǏǗǡǝǚǒƴǚǘǔǘǎNJǓǕ~ ƻcƾǘǜǘƶǘǚǒǛNJƵǝǒƫǚNJǗǐǏ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƸǕǏǍNJƴNJǚǕǛǘǗNJ :MHIK¨VH%VOMXIOXIV
ǚǒǒNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒcǍǚNJǎǘǛǜǚǘǒǜnjNJA ƺNJǔǏǗǗǏƻƹƫǛ <<-cnjǏǔNJnjcǜcƹǘǎǚǏǎƪƹǏǜǚǘ njcǒǗǎǝǛǜǚǒNJǕǦǗǝǨǧǙǘǟǝcƹǚǘǏǔǜ ƻcƾǘǜǘƪǗǎǚǏǩƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƾǏǎǘǚNJƻNJnjǒǗǠǏnjNJ NJǍǏǗǜǛǜnjǘ6c:MSPPIX ƻcƶǝǑǏǓǑNJǙǘnjǏǎǗǒǔƪƻcƹǝǢ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ
ƬǥǙǶƶƻƹNjƴǘǕǘ ƶNJǔǘnjǏǠǔǒǓcƲƬƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJǚǝǛ njǘǓƶƴǝǡǔǘnjǘǙǘǕǏǛ ƺǘǛǛǒǩȣc'Ƕ ǞǘǜǘƾǏǎǘǚNJƻNJnjǒǗǠǏnjNJ ƻcưǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ ƻcƹǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǘǜǔǚǥǜǔNJǞǘǜǘ ǔǒǗNJǞǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJƻNJnjǒǗNJ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJǞǘǜǘƪǕǏǔǛǏǩ
Ƕ ǛǔǘǍǘǗNJǚǘǎǗǘǍǘǐǒǕǒǣNJƶƲǑǎNJ ƺǝǛǛǔǘǏǎǏǚǏnjǩǗǗǘǏǑǘǎǡǏǛǜnjǘ 8SXERƴNJǜNJǕǘǍnjǥǛǜNJnjǔǒnjcǀƮ ƻƷǒǐǏǍǘǚǘǎǛǔǒǓǍǘǛǝǎNJǚ ƻƻƻƺ~ȣcǶƻcǶ LjǚǒǩƹNJǕǦǖǒǗNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƻǏǚǍǏǩƵǏǘǗǜǦǏnjNJ ƷNJǚǘǎǒǠǔǘǍǘ
ưǒǕǒǣǏnjcƺǘǛǛǒǒnjǏǔƿƿƪǚǟǒǜǏǔ ǜǏǕǦǛǜnjǘƪƷƻƻƻƺǛ ƹǚǘǒǑnjǏǎǏǗǒǩǗNJǚǘǎǗǥǟǖNJǛǜǏǚǘnj %VX4PE]ƶ ǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǟǝǎǘǐǏǛǜnjǏǗǗǥǓǖǝǑǏǓ ƻcưǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻclc/SRXMS
ǜǝǚNJǒcǛǘǠǒNJǕǦǗNJǩǒǛǜǘǚǒǩcƻǘǛǜ ǒcnjǏǔǘnjǥǏǜǚNJǎǒǠǒǒcƻǘǛǜǒcǘǜnj ƻcƹǘǡǜǘnjNJǩǘǜǔǚǥǜǔNJcǏ ƻƻƻƺ~ȣcƻc ǞǘǜǘƯǕǏǗǥƹǏǜǦǔǘ 'c*SVKIQMRH%VGLM1IHME ƻclc%PPER;I\PIV
ƽǒǕǦǩǖƫǚǝǖǞǒǕǎƫǕǧǚƺǝNjǕƶ ǚǏǎƫǘǎǧcƪƫƶƻǏnjǏǚǗǥǓǙNJ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ ǐǝǚǗNJǕnƪǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚNJƻƻƻƺ~ ƻcƶǝǑǏǓNJǚǟǒǜǏǔǜǝǚǥ *PMGOV ǞǘǜǘƲǕǦǒƲnjNJǗǘnjNJ ƻcƾǘǜǘƸǕǏǍNJǂǝǚǘnjNJ
ƼǚǒǔnjNJǎǚNJǜNJǛ ǕǘǖǗǒǔǛ ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ȣcƻc ǒǖcƪƬcǃǝǛǏnjNJ ƻcƪǚǟǒnjƮǖǒǜǚǒǩƮǚǘǑǎǏǠǔǘǍǘ
ƻcƾǘǜǘƷǒǔǘǕNJǩƶNJǕǒǗǒǗNJ ƻc7XIZI'EHQER *PMGOV 

344 
p
 "

ƪNJǕǜǘƪǕnjNJǚ ƫǘǜǜNJƶNJǚǒǘ ƭǏǜǠǏǚƸǜǜǘ ƱNJNjǝǍNJLJǎǝNJǚǎ ƴǘǚǘNjǦǒǗNJƲǚǒǗNJ ƶNJǔNJǚǏǗǔǘƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƸǕǜNJǚǐǏnjǛǔǒǓƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnj ƺǘǖNJǗǘnjƹNJnjǏǕ ƼNJǚNJǗƮǏǗǒǛ ǁǏǚǜǔǘnjNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJ
 ƫǚNJǓǕǘnjǛǔNJǩƷNJǜNJǕǒǩ ƭǒǗǑNjǝǚǍƶǘǒǛǏǓ ƱNJnjNJǚǒǗNJƲǚǒǗNJ ƴǘǚǘnjǒǗƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗǶ ƶNJǔǘnjǏǠǔǒǓƲnjNJǗ ƸǕǦƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƺǘǙǏǜƲnjNJǗ ƼNJǜǕǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ǁǏǟǘnjƪǗǜǘǗ
ƪNjNJǕNJǔǘnjNJƷNJǜNJǕǦǩ ƫǚNJǗǔǝǑǒƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ  ƱNJǓǠǏnjƫǘǚǒǛ ƴǘǛǖǏǚǒǎǒƻǙǒǚǒǎǘǗ ƶNJǔǘnjǛǔǒǓƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƸǖǏǕǦǡǏǗǔǘLjǚǒǓ ƺǘǛǛǒƪǕǦǎǘ ƼnjǏǚǛǔǘǓƵǏnj 
ƪNjǚNJǖǘnjƾǫǎǘǚ ƫǚǘǎNJǡƼNJǜǦǩǗNJ ƭǕNJǑǥǡǏnjƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnjǶ ƱNJǙǘǕǦǛǔNJǩƶNJǚǒNJǗǗNJ ƴǘǛǜǫǕǘnjƹǏǜǚ ƶNJǔǛǒǖǘnjƹǏǜǚ ƸǙNJǚǒǗƾǏǎǘǚ ƺǘǛǛǒƴNJǚǕ ƼǏǚǫǟǒǗƪǚǜǏǖ ǁǒǔNJǗǘnjNJƯǕǏǗNJ
ƪnjnjNJǔǝǖǘnjLjǚǒǓ ƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƭǘǍǘǕǦƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƱnjǏǚǏnjƲnjNJǗ  ƶNJǕNJǟǘnjƻǏǚǍǏǓǶ ƸǙǘǕǘnjǗǒǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƺǘǝƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƼǏǚǏǣǏǗǔǘƹNJnjǏǕ ǁǒǚǔǒǗƲǍǘǚǦ
 Ƕ ƭǘǑNJǔƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƱǏǕǒǔǖNJǗƺǘǑNJ ƴǘǡNJǗǘnjƲǍǘǚǦ ƶNJǕǨǜǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ  ƺǘǧƵǨǎnjǒǍƶǒǛnjNJǗǎǏǚ ƼǒǟǘǗǏǗǔǘljǗ ǁǘNjNJǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ
ƪǎNJǖǘnjǒǡƪǗǎǚǏǓ Ƕ ƭǘǕǘnjNJǗǘnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƱǘǕǘǜǘnjNJƷNJǜNJǕǒǩ ƴǘǢǕǩǔǘnjƬNJǕǏǚǒǓ ƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƸǚǞǒǗǛǔǒǓƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnj Ƕ ƼǘǕǛǜǘǓƵǏnj ǁǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓƴǘǚǗǏǓ
ƪǓǑǏǗǖNJǗƹǒǜǏǚ ƫǚǘǎǛǔǒǓƲǘǛǒǞ ƭǘǕǘnjǒǗƪǗǜǘǗ ƲnjNJǗǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƴǚNJǖǛǔǘǓƲnjNJǗ ƶNJǖǘǗǜǘnjƻNJnjnjNJ ƸǛǘǔǒǗƲǍǘǚǦ ƺǝNjNJǗǏǗǔǘƫǘǚǒǛ ƼǘǗƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ǂNJǕǖǒǗƲnjNJǗ
ƪǓǔNJǑǩǗƭǚǒǍǘǚ ƫǚǘǓǏǚƶNJǚǛǏǕǦ ƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJƲǚǒǗNJ ƲnjNJǗǘnjƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƴǚNJǛǗǘNjNJǏnjƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƶNJǚǔǘnjǗǒǔǘnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƸǛǜǏǚǖNJǗƷNJǜNJǗ ƺǝNjǕǏnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƼǘǚǘƭǏǗǚǒ ǂNJǕǩǙǒǗƾǏǎǘǚ
ƪǓǚNJǙǏǜǘnjƵǏnjǘǗ ƫǚǘǗǘnjǒǠǔNJǩƪǗǗNJ ƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJƸǕǦǍNJ ƲnjNJǗǘnjƬǛǏnjǘǕǘǎ ƴǚNJǛǘnjǛǔǒǓƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƶNJǛǜǏǚǘǙǝǕǘƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƸǜǜǏǗƬǒǕǦǍǏǕǦǖ ƺǝǎǗǏnjƵǏnj ƼǘǚǢǒǗNJƷNJǎǏǐǎNJ ǂNJǗǒǗƼǏǘǎǘǚ
ƪǔǛǏǕǦǚǘǎƴǛǏǗǒǩ ƫǝǎNJǗǘnjƹNJnjǏǕ ƭǘǕǘnjǒǗNJƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJ ƲnjNJǗǡǒǔǘnjƹNJnjǏǕ ƴǚNJǛǝǕǒǗƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƶNJǢǔǘnjƾǏǕǒǔǛ ƹNJnjǕǒǔǘnjNJƪǕǕNJ ƺǝǎǘǕǞƹǘǕ ƼǚǏǑǒǗǒƮǘǖǏǗǒǔǘ ǂNJǗǒǗNJƸǕǦǍNJ
ƪǔǛǫǗǘnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ƫǝǎǏǗǗNJǩƸǕǦǍNJ  ƲǑǖNJǔǘnjNJƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩ ƴǚǏǖǏǚƶNJǚǒǩ ƶǏǎǩǗǘnjƵǏǘǗǒǎ ƹNJnjǕǒǡǏǗǔǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƺǝǎǘǖǒǗǘƪǎǚǒNJǗ ƼǚǒǞǘǗǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ǂNJǚǝǗƿNJǗǛ
ƪǔǛǫǗǘnjƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƫǝǓǗǘnjǛǔǒǓƬNJǎǒǖ ƭǘǕǘǛǘnjƲǕǦǩ ƲǔǘǗǗǒǔǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƴǚǒǗǛǔǒǓƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƶǏǏǚǘnjǒǡƶNJǚǔǶ ƹNJǕǕNJǎǒǘƪǗǎǚǏNJ ƺǝǛNJǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƼǚǘǠǔǒǓƷǘǓ ǂNJǜǚǘnjƺǘǖNJǗ
ƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǘnjƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƫǝǕǍNJǔǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƭǘǕǘǛǘnjƹNJǗǜǏǕǏǓǖǘǗ ƲǕǦǒǗƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƴǚǝǍǕǩǔƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƶǏǓǏǚƪǎǘǕǦǞ ƹNJǕǕNJǛǖNJNJLjǟNJǗǒ ƺǝǟǕǩǎǏnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƼǚǘǢǏnjLjǚǒǓ ǂNJǟǘnjǛǔNJǩƱǒǗNJǒǎNJ
ƪǕǦNjǏǚǛƳǘǑǏǞ ƫǝǕǕǏLJǜǦǏǗƵǝǒ ƭǘǕǦǠƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ƲǖǑƺǧǓ ƴǚǥǕǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƶǏǓǏǚƺǒǡNJǚǎ ƹNJǗǒǜǔǘnjƸǕǏǍ ƺǩNjǛǔǒǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƼǚǝǝƶǒǧǕǏ ǂNJǢǔǘnjƲǍǘǚǦ
ƪǗǎǘƼNJǎNJǘ ƫǝǗǒǗƲnjNJǗ ƭǘǗǛNJǕǏǛƯǕǏǗNJ ƲǖǑǁNJǚǕǦǑ ƴǚǥǖǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƶǏǓǏǚNjǏǚǍƪnjǍǝǛǜǒǗ ƹNJǗǡǏǗǔǘƼNJǜǦǩǗNJ ƻNJNJǚǏǕNJǓǗǏǗƪǚnjǘ ƼǚǝǢǒǗǦǢƪǗǎǚǒǛ ǂNJǢǔǘnjNJƷǒǔNJ
ƪǗǎǚǏǏnjƬNJǎǒǖ ƫǝǚǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ  ƲǣǏǗǔǘƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƴǝNjǚǒǔƻǜǧǗǕǒ ƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjƻǏǚǍǏǓǶ ƹNJǙǏǚǗǥǓƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƻNJNJǚǏǕNJǓǗǏǗƺǏǓǗǘ ƼǝǖNJǚǔǒǗƶǒǟNJǒǕ ǂnjNJǍǏǗǢNJǓǎǜƬNJǕǦǜǏǚ
ƪǗǎǚǏǏnjƵǏǘǗǒǎ ƫǥǔǘnjƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƭǘǚǎǨǢǒǗƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƴNJNjǕǝǔǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƴǝǎǒǖǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ  ƹNJǚǝǛǗǒǔǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƻNJNJǚǒǗǏǗLJǕǒǏǕǦ ƼǝǙǘǕǏnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ǂnjǒǎǔǘnjǛǔǒǓƸǕǏǍ
ƪǗǎǚǏǏnjǛǔǒǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƬNJǓǕǦƹǏǜǚ ƭǘǚǦǔǒǓƶNJǔǛǒǖ ƴNJǍNJǗǛǔǒǓƶNJǚǔ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƸǕǐNJǛ ƶǏǕǒǔƹNJǢNJǏnjNJƶNJǚǒǩǶ ƹNJǛLJǚǒǔ ƻNJnjNJǗǏǠƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƼǝǚǔǘnjǛǔǒǓƻǜNJǗǒǛǕNJnj ǂǏǛǜǘǙNJǕǘnjƻǏǚǍǏǓ
ƪǗǎǚǘǙǘnjLjǚǒǓ ƬNJǚǕNJǖǘnjNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJ ƭǘǚǩǒǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƴNJǕǒǗNJƸǕǦǍNJ ƴǝǑǏǖNjNJǏnjƼǘǜNJǗ  ƹNJǛǜǏǚǗNJǔƫǘǚǒǛ ƻNJnjǏǕǦǏnjƪǗǜǘǗ ƽǜǔǒǗƲǕǦǩ ǂǏǟǜǏǕǦƾǏǎǘǚ
ƪǗǒǛǒǖǘnjƵǏnj ƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƭǘǜǘǚǗƷNJǜNJǗǒǧǕǦ ƴNJǕǘǢǒǗƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ Ƕ ƶǏǕǦǗǒǔǘnjƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ƹNJǛǜǝǢǏǗǔǘƬNJǕǏǗǜǒǗ ƻNJnjǒǗƪǗǎǚǏǓ  ǂǒǗǎǕǏǚƺǝǎǘǕǦǞ
ƪǗǜǘǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƭǘǠǒǚǒǎǑǏƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ƴNJǖǏǚǘǗǁNJǚǕǦǑ   ƹǏǗǛǔǒǓƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƻNJnjǒǗǔǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǛǕNJnj ƽǢNJǔǘnjƷǒǔǒǜNJ ǂǒǢNJǕǘnjNJLjǕǒǩ
ƪǚǑNJǖNJǗǘnjƾǏǎǘǚ ƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjƾǏǎǘǚ ƭǚNJNjNJǚǦƲǍǘǚǦ ƴNJǗƵǝǒǛ  ƶǏǕǦǠǏǚƺǘǖNJǗ ƹǏǚnjǏǗǠǏnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ Ƕ ƽǢNJǔǘnjNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚNJ ǂǘǚNjNJǗƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNJ
ƪǚǗǎǜLjǚǒǓ ƬNJǛǒǕǦǏnjNJƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJ  ƴNJǚǒǏnjƪǚǜǝǚ  ƶǏǗǢǒǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƹǏǚǚǘƮǘǖǒǗǒǔ ƻNJnjǒǗǠǏnjƾǏǎǘǚ ƽǧǔǛǕǏǚƪǕǕNJǗ ǂǘǚǘǟǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ
ƪǚǙƿNJǗǛ ƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƭǚNJǛǛǘƹNJǛǔNJǕǦ ƴNJǚǒǏnjNJƴǛǏǗǒǩ ƴǝǑǗǏǠǘnjƻǏǚǍǏǓǶ ƶǫǚǔNJǜǜƭǕǏǗ ƹǏǜǚ- ƻNJnjǚNJǗƶǒǕNJ ƾNJǎǏǏnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ǂǘǢǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ
ƪǚǝǜǨǗǩǗƬNJNJǍǗ  ƭǚǒǍǘǚǩǗLjǚǒǓǶ ƴNJǚǕǛǏǗƭǏǗǚǒǟ ƴǝǑǦǖǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǶ ƶǏǚǔǕǒƹǏǜǏǚ ƹǏǡǫǗǔǒǗƲǕǦǩ ƻNJnjǚNJǛǘnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƾǏǎǒǗƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ǂǚǏǓNjǏǚƹǏǜǚ
ƪǚǟǒǙǘnjƪǗǜǘǗ ƬNJǛǗǏǠǘnjLjǚǒǓ  ƴNJǚǕǛǘǗƸǕǏǍ  ƶǒǑǒǗƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnj ƹǒNJǗǘƺǏǗǠǘ ƻNJǐǒǗǘnjNJƪǗǗNJ ƾǫǎǘǚǘnjƸǕǏǍ ǂǚǏǜǏǚƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ
ƪǚǟǒǙǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƬNJǜNJǍǒǗƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ƭǚǒǖǢǘǝƷǒǔǘǕNJǛ ƴNJǚǙƺNJǓǗǏ ƴǝǕǒǔǘnjƸǕǏǍ ƶǒǔƺǒǢNJǚ ƹǒǕǦǗǩǔƫǘǚǒǛ ƻNJǖNJǚǠǏnjNJƵǨǎǖǒǕNJ ƾǏǜǒǛǘnjNJƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩ ǂǜNJǔǏǗǢǗǏǓǎǏǚƪǗǎǚǏǓ
ƪǛNJǎǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƬǏǍǖNJǗƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ƭǚǘǙǒǝǛƬNJǕǦǜǏǚ ƴNJǡNJǕǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƴǝǚNjNJǜǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƶǒǔǝǕǒǗNJƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ ƹǒǣǝǔǏnjǒǡƲǍǘǚǦ ƻNJǖǘǍǘǚǘnjƬǒǜNJǕǒǓ ƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjƬNJǕǏǚǒǓ ǂǜǒǖNJǗƿNJǗǛ
ƪǛNJǎǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƬǏǕǒǡǔǒǗƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƭǚǝǑǏǗNjǏǚǍƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƴNJǢǔNJǚǘnjNJƵǨǎǖǒǕNJ ƴǝǚǏǗǗǘǓƶNJǔǛǒǖ ƶǒǕǒǗǒǛƲǍǗNJǜǒǓ ƹǕǘǜǔǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƻNJǖǘǓǕǘnjƮNJnjǒǎ ƾǒǕǒǙǙǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ǂǜǥǗǦǔǘnjNJƸǕǦǍNJ
ƪǛNJǎǘnjƷǒǔǒǜNJ ƬǏǗǏǠǒNJǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƭǝǕǒǏnjNJƶNJǚǒǩ ƴnjNJǚǏǗǍǒƮǐNJǔǘǖǘ ƴǝǛǜǘǎǒǏnjƫǘǚǒǛ ƶǒǗǔǏnjǒǡƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǒǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƻNJǗǎǘǖǒǚǛǔNJǩƲǚǒǗNJ ƾǕNJnjǒǗƮǧǗ ǂǝǔǢǒǗƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ
ƪǛNJǎǘnjNJƶNJǚǒǗNJ ƬǏǗǜǝǚǒƺǘNjǏǚǜ ƭǝǕǕǒǔǛǏǗƴǚǒǛǜǒNJǗ ƴnjǒǚǘƫǏǚǗNJǚ ƵNJNjNJǑǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƶǒǗǔǝǛƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƹǘǔǚǘnjǛǔǒǓƲǍǘǚǦ ƻNJǞǒǝǕǕǒǗƮNJǗǒǚ ƾǘǖǒǗƲnjNJǗ ǂǝǟǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ
ƪǛǛƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƬǏǚǏǣNJǍǒǗƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ƭǝǕǩǓǔǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƴǏǔǝǢǏnjƵǏnj ƵNJǍǝǜǒǗƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ƶǒǟNJǕǔǘnjƷǒǔǒǜNJ ƹǘǕǏǗǘnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ƻNJǞǚǘǗǘnjƲǍǘǚǦ ƾǘǖǒǗƲǍǘǚǦ ǃǏǍǕǘnjƲnjNJǗ
ƪǜNJǩǗǠƶNJǔǛǒǖ ƬǏǛǏǕǘnjNJƻnjǏǜǕNJǗNJ ƭǝǗƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƴǏǚǒǖǘnjƺǝǛǜNJǖ ƵNJǗǍǖNJǗƪǚǔNJǎǒǓ ƶǒǟǏǓǔǒǗƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƹǘǕǏǗǘnjNJƷNJǜNJǕǦǩ ƻǏnjNJǗƸǕǦǍNJ ƾǘǖǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ǃǏǜǒǗǒǗNJƪǗǗNJ
ƪǞǒǗǘǍǏǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƬǏǛǗǒǗƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƭǝǗǒǗNJLjǕǒǩ ƴǒǚǒǡǏǗǔǘƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ ƵNJǡǏǗǛLJǎnjǒǗ ƶǒǢǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓǶ ƹǘǕǒǛǛǔǒǓƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƻǏǎǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƾǘǖǒǡǫnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ǃǝǛǏnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ
ƪǟǖNJǜǘnjNJƪǗǗNJ ƬǏǛǗǒǗƵǏǘǗǒǎ ƭǝǗǗƭǏǗǚǒǟ ƴǒǚǢǘǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƵǏNjǏǎǏnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƶǒǩǎǑNJǔǒƿNJǩǘ ƹǘǕǝǩǗǛǔǒǓƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ƻǏǎǘnjƹNJnjǏǕ ƾǘǗǛǔNJǩƵǒǑNJ LJǓǑǏǗǢǜǏǓǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ
ƪǣǏǙǔǘnjƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƬǏǛǗǒǗǥNjǚNJǜǦǩ ƭǝǚNJǚǒƶNJǚǔ ƴǒǛǏǕǫnjƹNJnjǏǕ ƵǏNjǕǘǗưNJǗƫNJǜǒǛǜ ƶǘnjǡNJǗƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ƹǘǙǔǘnjƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƻǏǖǫǗǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƾǘǛǜǏǚƷǘǚǖNJǗ LJǙǢǜǏǓǗƶǒǟNJǒǕ
ƫNJnjǥǔǒǗƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƬǒǗǘǍǚNJǎǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƮNJǓǗǘnjƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƴǒǛǏǕǫnjƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƵǏnjǒǗǛǘǗƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƶǘǍǝǗǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƹǘǚǘǟǘnjǣǒǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƻǏǗNJǜǘnjƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƾǝǕǕǏǚƫNJǔǖǒǗǛǜǏǚ LjǍNJǓƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ
ƫNJnjǥǔǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƬǒǡNJǚƸǕǒnjǦǏ ƮNJǕǦƵǏnj ƴǕǏǓǗƺǘǖNJǗ ƵǏnjǒǜNJǗƲǛNJNJǔ ƶǘǐNJǏnjƫǘǚǒǛ ƹǘǚǜǖNJǗƮǐǘǗ ƻǏǚǘnjƬNJǕǏǗǜǒǗ ƿNJǎǒǎƱNJǟNJ LjǑNjNJǢǏnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ
ƫNJǔǝǗǒǗƭǏǗǗNJǎǒǓ ƬǒǢǗǏnjǛǔǒǓƬǛǏnjǘǕǘǎ ƮǏǐǝǚǔǘƪǚǜǏǖ ƴǕǏǗǠǏƵǏǘǞǘǗ ƵǏǐNJnjNJƲǕǦǩ ƶǘǗǍNJǓǜƪǗǗNJ ƹǚǒǗǛƫNJǚǜ ƻǒǕǒǗƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ  
ƫNJǗǂǒǍǏǚǝ ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƮǐǏǗǔǛǁNJǚǕǦǑ ƴǕǒǖǘnjƹǏǜǚ ƵǏǗǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƶǘǗǒǍǏǜǜǒƲǙǙǘǕǒǜ ƹǚǒǢǒǗƹNJnjǏǕ ƻǒǖǘnjƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƿNJǑNJǗǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ LjǑNjNJǢǏnjNJƯǔNJǜǏǚǒǗNJ
ƫNJǚǟǒǗƫǘǚǒǛ ƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚǘnjƬǩǡǏǛǕNJnj ƮǐǘǗǛǘǗƾǒǕǒǙ ƴǕǨǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ  ƶǘǗǞǏǚǚNJǗƸǍǨǛǜ ƹǝǎǘnjǔǒǗƬǛǏnjǘǕǘǎ ƻǒǖǘǗǘnjƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƿNJǓǗLJǓǔƹǒǜ ljnjǏǓǗƷǒǔǒǜNJ
ƫNJǚǟǒǗƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƬǘǑǗǏǛǏǗǛǔǒǓƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƮǘnjǍǝǡǒǠƪǚǜǏǖ ƴǗǩǑǏnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjƲnjNJǗ ƶǘǚǎNJǢǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƹǝǙǥǢǏnjNJƯǕǏǗNJ ƻǒǗǩnjǛǔǒǓƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƿNJǗƶNJǍǘǖǏǎǘnjƻǏǕǒǖ ljnjǏǓǗƸǕǏǍ
ƫNJǚǟǒǗƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƬǘǕǔǘnjƸǕǏǍ ƮǘǕǍǘǓƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƴǗǩǑǏnjƲnjNJǗ  ƶǘǚǎnjǒǗǘnjƪǚǔNJǎǒǓ ƹǝǢǔǒǗƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƻǔǘǔNJǗƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƿNJǚǒǜǘǗǘnjNJƴǛǏǗǒǩ ljǍǝNjǛǔǒǓƪǗǎǚǏǓ
ƫNJǢǔNJǏnjƼǒǖǝǚ ƬǘǕǘǢǒǗljǔǘnj ƮǘǕǍǘǓƼǒǖǘǞǏǓ ƴǘnjNJǕǦLjǚǒǓ ƵǏǘǗǒǎǘnjƺǘǖNJǗ ƶǘǚǏǜǜǒƵǝǒǎǐǒ  ƻǔǘǚǎǝǕǩƼNJǜǦǩǗNJ ƿNJǚǕNJǖǘnjƵǏǘǗǒǎ ljǔǘNjǛǏǗƪǚǗǏ
ƫǏǕǘnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ƬǘǕǦǞǏǗǑǘǗƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ƮǚǒǙǏljǗǒǛ ƴǘnjNJǕǦǡǝǔljǚǘǛǕNJnj ƵǏǘǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƶǘǚǘǑǘnjƪǚǛǏǗǒǓ ƹǝǢǔǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƻǔǝǚNJǜǘnjƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƿNJǡǒǩǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ljǗƿǏǕǦǖǝǜ
ƫǏǕǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƬǘǚǘǗǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ ƮǚǘǑǎǏǠǔǒǓƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƴǘǐǒǗƲnjNJǗ ƵǏǘǗǘnjƵǏǘǗǒǎ ƶǘǚǘǑǘnjƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƺNJǎǒǣǏnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƻǖǘǕǦǩǗǒǗǘnjNJƶNJǚǒǩ ƿǏǓǗǚǒǟǛǘǗǛƪǚǗǘ
ƫǏǕǘǍǘǕǘnjǛǔǒǓƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƬǚǒǑǏǗǎǘǚǙƶNJǎǏǕǘǗ ƮǝNjǒǗǗǒǔǘnjƾǏǎǘǚ ƴǘǑǕǘnjƴǒǚǒǕǕ ƵǏǘǗǘnjNJƬǏǚNJ ƶǘǢǔǘnjǒǡƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ƺNJǓǜƾǚǧǗǔƵǕǘǓǎ ƻǗǏǐǔǒǗƭǏǘǚǍǒǓ ƿǏǚǠƶNJǗǝǧǕǦ
ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƬǛǏnjǘǕǘǐǛǔǒǓƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ  ƴǘǑǥǚǦƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƵǏǚǖǘǗǜǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƶǝǚNJnjǛǔǒǓƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƺNJǗǗNJǔƲǚǒǗNJ  ƿǏǚǠǘǍƼǘǖNJǛ
ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƬǝǜǔǏƸǕǏǍ ƮǝNjǘǛNJǚǛǔǒǓƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƴǘǔǘǚǒǗƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƵǒNjǏǛǔǒǗǎƮNJǗǒǧǕǦ ƶǝǚNJǜǘnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƺNJǙǙNJǙǘǚǜƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚǶ ƻǘNjǘǕǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƿǒǍǏǚƺǘǖNJǗ
 ƬǥǢǔǒǗǎƾǚǒǎǚǒǟ ƮǝǎǒǗƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƴǘǕǕǒƷǒǔǘǕNJǓǶ ƵǒǛǏǗǔǘƵǏnj ƷNJNjǘǔǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƺNJǛǙǝǜǒǗƬNJǕǏǗǜǒǗ ƻǘNjǘǕǦǣǒǔǘnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ƿǘǕǕƻǜǒnjǏǗǶ
Ƕ ƭNJNjǏƺǝǞǒǗ ƮǝǗNJǏnjƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ  ƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƷNJǛǏǎǔǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƺNJǛǜǚǏǕǕǒƫNJǚǜǘǕǘǖǏǘ ƻǘǕǐǏǗǒǠǥǗƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƿǚǒǙǔǘƪǗǜǘǗ
 ƭNJnjǚǒǕǘnjNJƶNJǚǍNJǚǒǜNJ ƮǥǚǔǒǗƲnjNJǗ ƴǘǕǟNJǛƺǏǖ ƵǒǛǘnjǛǔǒǓƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ ƷǏǔǚNJǛǘnjƲnjNJǗ ƺǏnjǑǒǗƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƻǘǕǕǘǍǝNjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ƿǚǘǖǘnjƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ
ƫǏǕǘǝǛǘnjNJƪǛǩ ƭNJǍNJǚǒǗƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ƮǦǩǡǏǗǔǘƸǕǏǍ ƴǘǕǟǘǞƿNJǗǛ ƵǘǐǔǒǗƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƷǏǔǚNJǛǘnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ  ƻǘǕǘnjǠǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƿǚǝǣǫnjƷǒǔǒǜNJ
ƫǏǗǝNJƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƭNJǓǎNJǚƪǚǔNJǎǒǓ ƯǍǘǚǥǡǏnjƯǍǘǚ ƴǘǕǡǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƵǘǖNJǔǒǗNJƵNJǚǒǛNJ ƷǏǞǫǎǘnjƶǒǟNJǒǕ ƺǏǓǗƼǘǘǖNJǛ ƻǘǕǘnjǦǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƿǚǩǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ
ƫǏǗǝNJƵǏǘǗǜǒǓ ƭNJǓǛǝǖǘnjƪǛǕNJǗ ƯǐǔǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ Ƕ ƵǘǘǛƪǎǘǕǦǞ ƷǒǔǒǜǒǗƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƺǏǓǗNjǘǜƪǗNJǜǘǕǒǓ ƻǙǒǚǒǎǘǗǘnjƲǕǦǩ ƿǝǎƺǧǓǖǘǗǎ
ƫǏǚǎǩǏnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƭNJǕǒǡƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ  ƴǘǕǡǒǗNJƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩ ƵǘǙǩǕǘƴNJǚǕ ƷǒǔǘǕǦǛǔǒǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƺǏǙǒǗƲǕǦǩ ƻǜNJǕǒǗƲǘǛǒǞ ǀǏǗǠǒǙǏǚƪǗǜǘǗ
ƫǏǚǑǒǗǍƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƭNJǗǗǒNjNJǕƶNJǚǒǩ ƯǕǦǡǝǍǒǗƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƴǘǗǎǚNJǢǘnjƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ ƵǝǗǍǒǗƲnjNJǗ ƷǒǔǘǗǘnjƴǒǚǒǕǕ ƺǏǙǒǗNJƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ ƻǜNJǚǘǎǝNjǠǏnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ǀǝǖǜǘǚƹǏǜǏǚ
ƫǏǚǗNJǛǔǘǗǒƫǘǚǒǛǶ ƭNJǚǜǖNJǗƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƯǚǖǘǕNJǏnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƴǘǗǏnjNJƪǗNJǛǜNJǛǒǩ ƵǝǗǍǒǗƹNJnjǏǕ ƷǒǕǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƺǏǚǒǟƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƻǜNJǛǘnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ǁNJǗǍƭǧǚǒ
 ƭǏǍǏǕǕǘƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ  ƴǘǗǗǏǕǕƪǖǦǩǛ ƵǝǗǍǒǗNJƯǕǏǗNJ ƷǘnjǒǔǘnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƺǒǗNJǕǦǎǒƪǗǜǘǗǒǘ ƻǜǏǙǝǗƾǏǎǘǚ ǁNJǝǗǒǗƹNJnjǏǕ
ƫǏǜNJǗǔǝǚƪnjǍǝǛǜǒǗ ƭǏǕǑǒǛƶǘǎǚǒǛ ƯǛǏǗǒǗƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƵǝǗǍǒǗNJƵǒǕǒNJǗǗNJ ƷǘǚǢǜǏǓǗLjǚǒǓ ƺǘǍǝǕǏnjƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƻǜǘǐNJǚǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ǁNJǩǗǘnjƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ
ƫǒǕǒNjǒǗƲnjNJǗ ƭǏǕǦǖNJǗƶNJǚNJǜ ưǒǍNJǕǘnjƪǗNJǜǘǕǒǓ ƴǘǙǥǕǘnjNJƵNJǚǒǛNJ ƵǥǑǕǘnjƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjƲnjNJǗ ƺǘǎǐǏǚǛƺǒǡNJǚǎ ƻǝǑǎNJǕǏnjƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ ǁǏǕǦǠǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ
ƫǕǘǔƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ƭǏǗǒǛƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ ưǘǕǜǘnjǛǔǒǓƲnjNJǗǶ ƴǘǚNjǝǜƷNJǎǏǐǎNJ ƵǦnjǘnjǛǔǒǓƪǕǏǔǛNJǗǎǚ Ƕ ƺǘǐǗǏnjƾǏǎǘǚ ƻǝǚǒǔǘnjƬNJǛǒǕǒǓ ǁǏǚǏǙǔǘnjƮǖǒǜǚǒǓ
ƫǘǍǘǛǕǘnjǛǔǒǓƻǏǚǍǏǓ ƭǏǚNJǛǒǖǏǗǔǘƬNJǎǒǖ ưǝǔǘnjǛǔǒǓƻǜNJǗǒǛǕNJnj ƴǘǚNjǨǑǦǏƵǏ ƵǨǎnjǒǍƭǏǗǚǒǟ Ƕ ƺǘǑǏǗNjǏǚǍƪǕǏǔǛǏǓ ƻǝǛǕǘnjƬǕNJǎǒǖǒǚ ǁǏǚǗǒǟǘnjljǔǘnj
ƫǘǗǎNJǚǏǗǔǘƲǕǦǩ ƭǏǚǒƾǚǧǗǔ ƱNJNjǏǕǒǗƲnjNJǗ  ƶNJǑǥǚǒǗƬǒǔǜǘǚ ƸnjǡǒǗǗǒǔǘnjƴǘǗǛǜNJǗǜǒǗ  ƻǝǜǩǍǒǗƷǒǔǘǕNJǓ ǁǏǚǗǘnjƪǗǎǚǏǓ
ƫǘǗǒǞNJǠǒǓ ƵǝǔǘǖǗǒǔǘnjƭǏǚǖNJǗ  ƭǏǚǢǔǘnjǒǡƯnjǍǏǗǒǩ ƱNJNjǏǕǦǢNJǗǛǔǒǓƭǚǒǍǘǚǒǓ  ƶNJǓLJǚǗǛǜ ƸǕǛǘǙƽǒǕǦǩǖ ƺǘǔǒǠǔǒǓƯnjǍǏǗǒǓ ƼNJǚNJNjNJǚǒǗNJLjǕǒǩ ǁǏǚǗǘnjƮǏǗǒǛ

346 

You might also like