BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING:

What is troubleshooting? It is the process of analyzing the behavior or operation of a faulty

circuit to determine what is wrong with the circuit. It then involves identifying the defective
component(s) and repairing the circuit.

Depending on the type of equipment, troubleshooting can be a very challenging task. Sometimes
problems are easily diagnosed and the problem component easily visible. Other times the
symptoms as well as the faulty component can be difficult to diagnose. A defective relay with
visual signs of burning should be easy to spot, whereas an intermittent problem caused by a high
resistance connection can be much more difficult to find.

It includes basic testing and faults diagnosis in electrical systems, various tools and their
applications, replacement of different passive components e.g. fuses, lamps and lamp holders,
switches, cables, cable connectors, electromagnetic relays.

In an electric power system, a fault or fault current is any abnormal electric current. For
example, a short circuit is a fault in which current bypasses the normal load. An open-circuit
fault occurs if a circuit is interrupted by some failure. ... In a "ground fault" or "earth fault",
current flows into the earth.

Types of Faults

 Open Circuit Faults. These faults occur due to the failure of one or more conductors. ...
 Short Circuit Faults. ...
 Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults. ...

Symmetrical faults are those faults which involve with all the three phase. it simply means that
symmetrical faults affect all the three phases. On the other side, unsymmetrical faults are
those faults in which either one or two phase involve. In unsymmetrical faults the three phase
lines become unbalanced.