A REPORT

ON
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN
OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OF MRS. MINA NEPALI,
POKHARA METROPOLITAN CITY-30 ,KASKI, NEPAL

Prepared By:
Er. SUNI MOHAN POUDEL
NEC REG NO.: “6424”
INTRODUCTION
The Purpose of this report is to summarize design assumptions, methodology and follow up of codes
and standards, the design criteria and practices that have been used in structural analysis and design
calculations of the Residential Building. These criteria form the basis of structural calculation for
various structural components of the building to conform IS Code Standards.
The occurrence of earthquake is frequent in Nepal. This is because Nepal lies in the Himalayan
range where continental tectonic plates collide causing Indian plate to sub duct with Eurasian plate.
This has caused built up of tremendous strain energy causing abrupt failure of rock masses along the
faults, which in their turn cause earthquakes.
Nepal has already witnessed large earthquakes causing heavy loss of life and property. The
earthquakes of the recent one in 2015 have proved how severely earthquake hits the structures. It is
believed that the medium earthquake occurs in Nepal in every 50 years and major earthquake occurs
in an interval of 100 years. Although it cannot be predicted when it occurs but it is certain that when
it occurs the severity of damage will be significant.
Like many urban areas in developing countries, Pokhara Metropolitan City’s risk is increased
significantly basically in regard to earthquake hazard. Uncontrolled development process, poor
design and construction practice has further increased the seismic vulnerability. If a large earthquake
hits the area, it will cause heavy loss of life and properties. So it is highly recommended to design
and construct the structures in cities like Rampur with due consideration to the seismic load to
minimize the structural damage and reduce the casualties when a large earthquake hits the area.
In view of this, the design and detailing of the mentioned building has been conducted with due
consideration of the earthquake load and its summary has been presented herewith.
1. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS BY SOFTWARE

Structural analysis of this building has been made by ETABS 2015 Software, 3-Dimensional models
has been prepared for each parts with the dimension shown in the drawings. Concrete grade M20 has
been used for all the structural members. Centre-line dimensions are followed for analysis and
design. Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience. For analysis purpose,
the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly larger moment in columns and
also to take into account the reversibility of seismic load. Seismic loads will be considered acting in
the horizontal direction (along either of the two principal directions) and not along the vertical
direction, since it is not considered to be significant. The design seismic force has been applied and
automatically distributed by the software at various floor levels.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING
General Features:
Project :- Residential Building of Mrs. Mina Nepali
Location :- Pokhara Metropolitan City, Ward No. 30, Kaski
Plinth Area :- Around 582 Sqft
Architectural features:
Type of Building :- Residential Building
Number of Floors :- G+2floors with Stair Cover
Height of Storey :- 3.05m
Total Height of the Building :- 9.15m from ground level
Wall and Partition :- Masonry Walls

Structural features
 Structural System :- RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type :- Isolated Footing
Columns :- Square (300mmX300mm) or Refer to the Structural
Drawings
Beams :- Main Beam: Rectangular 230mmX380mm
Refer to the Structural Drawings
Slab :- 125mm thick
Geotechnical features
Soil Type :- Medium Soil (Soil type – II)
Seismic Zone :- V (as per IS 1893:2002, part-1)
Allowable bearing capacity :- 120KN/m2
Subgrade Modulus :- 6000KN/m3 (For 50mm Settlement)
Footings :- Isolated, Refer to the Structural Drawings for dimensions
Materials
Grade of concrete :- M-20 Grade of Concrete for all the Structural Members
Grade of steel :- Fe-500 (elongation >14.5%)
Unit weight of concrete :- 25 kN/m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity, Ec :- 5000 √fck
Modulus of elasticity for Steel, Es :- 200 KN/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio :- 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar
Cover to Reinforcement
Footings (Bottom, and Top) 50mm
Footing (Sides) 75mm
Columns 40mm
Beams 32.5mm or bar diameter whichever is greater
Slabs 20mm or bar diameter whichever is greater
Stairs (Waist Slab/Folded) 20mm
Water Tank walls and Slab 30mm

2. DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS

The structural calculation of this building shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and
regulations of the Government of Nepal, and its referral to any other standards. A summary of the
codes and standards in used in structural analysis and design have been listed below;
 IS 875 (part I):1987, Code of practice for design loads in Building and structure – Dead
loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
 IS 875 (part II):1987, Code of practice for design loads in building and structure –Imposed
loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
 IS 1893 (Part I):2002, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure Bureau of Indian
standards, New delhi,1986
 IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice
 IS 13920:1993, Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic
Forces – Code of Practice
 NBC 105:1994, Nepal National Building Code
 IS 4326:1993 Earthquake Resistant Construction of Buildings
 IS 1084:1985 Design and Construction of Shallow foundation in soils (Other than Raft, Ring
and Shell)
 IS 1904:1986 Design and Construction of Foundations in soils General Requirement
 IS 2950:1981 Design and Construction of Raft Foundation
  IS 8009:1976 Calculation of Settlement of Shallow Foundation
 IS 3370-Part I-IV for water retaining Structures
 IS 1905 Code of practice for Structural use of masonry
 SP 20 Explanatory Hand Book on Masonry code
 SP 22 (S&T) 1982 Explanatory Handbook on codes for earthquake
 SP 24 Explanatory Handbook on IS-456
 SP 34 (S&T) Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing
 SP 16 Handbook on Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456:1978

3. GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

Design Loads
Assessment of loads on the structural system has been based on IS 875 (part I and II):1987 and IS
1893 (part I):2002. The former code of practice is for design loads (dead and imposed loads) on
building and structures other than earthquake loads, while the latter explicitly describes design
earthquake load on the building structure.
Dead Loads:
Following unit weight of materials have been considered for the calculation of dead loads:
Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]
Materials Unit Weight(γ)
Reinforced Cement Concrete 25.00 KN/m3
Plain Cement Concrete 24.00 KN/m3
Brick Masonry 19.00 KN/m3
Cinder Filling in Toilets 8.00 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Screeding and Punning) 23.00 KN/m3
Cement Sand Plaster 20.00 KN/m3
Floor Finishing (Marble) 26.00 KN/m3

This chapter provides property information for materials, frame sections, shell sections, and links.

1. Materials
Table 1 - Material Properties - Summary
Unit
E Design
Name Type ν Weight
MPa Strengths
kN/m³
Fy=500 MPa,
HYSD500 Rebar 200000 0 76.9729
Fu=545 MPa
M20 Concrete 22360.68 0.2 24.9926 Fc=20 MPa
2 Frame Sections

Table 2 - Frame Sections - Summary

Name Material Shape
Beam Concrete
M20
230x380 Rectangular
Column Concrete
M20
300x300 Rectangular

3 Shell Sections
Table 3 - Shell Sections - Summary
Total
Design Element
Name Material Thickness
Type Type
mm
Slab125 Slab Shell-Thin M20 125

Wall and Slab Load Calculation

Wall Load
Thickness Density Opening Floor Height Beam Depth Height Load
m KN/m3 %age m m m KN/m
0.23 19 No opening 3.05 0.380 2.675 11.68
0.23 19 30% 3.05 0.380 2.675 8.176
0.125 19 No opening 3.05 0.380 2.675 6.35
0.125 19 30% Opening 3.05 0.380 2.675 4.445
Slab Load
Floor Finish 1.0KN/m2

Live Loads
The details of imposed loads acting on the floors and roof of the building are also evaluated from the
type of building and type of occupancy, the details of which are also tabulated below: The
considered live load on floor at various locations are as followings:
Roof (Accessible) 1.50 KN/m2
Roof (Inaccessible) 0.75 KN/m2
 Toilets and Bathrooms 2 KN/m2
Bed rooms 2 KN/m2
Corridors, Passages, lobbies and Staircases 3 KN/m2
including fire escapes

Percentage of live load to be taken for calculating seismic weight =25% for live load intensity upto 2
and including 3.0 KN/m2 and 50% for live load intensity above 3.0 KN/m2. [Table 8, IS: 1893
(part1)-2002].

Seismic Load Calculation

The site location is on high seismic risk as per seismic hazard map of Nepal. Equivalently it is on
Zone-V (IS seismic hazard map). SEISMIC COEFFICIENT METHOD (Static Analysis) has been
adopted in earthquake load estimation and distribution.
Design Base Shear V B=Cd ×W (For Static Case)
Design horizontal Seismic Coefficient as per 6.4.2 IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002] Cd=CZIK
Where,
C= Basic Seismic Coefficient.
Z = Zone Factor 1 for Seismic Zone Pokhara
I = Importance Factor 1.0
R = Response Reduction Factor 5 for SMRF
T a=¿ 0.075 ×h 0.75 (7.6.2, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002]. For RC Frame building without brick infill panel
0.09 h
or
√Dx ,y
h = Height of building (m)
Dx,y = Total Length of the Building in X & Y- Direction
W = Seismic Weight of Building, that includes total Dead load plus appropriate amount of live load.
[7.4, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].

LOAD COMBINATION USED ACCORDING TO NBC

1.5(DL+LL)
1 DL + 1.3LL + 1.25EQX
1 DL + 1.3LL - 1.25EQX
1 DL + 1.3LL + 1.25EQY
1 DL + 1.3LL - 1.25EQY
1 DL + 1.25 EQX
1 DL - 1.25 EQX
1 DL + 1.25 EQY
1 DL - 1.25 EQY
0.9DL+1.25EQX
0.9DL-1.25EQX
0.9DL+1.25EQY
0.9DL-1.25EQY
SERVICEABILITY LOAD COMBINATION
(DL+LL)
(DL+RLL+EQX)
(DL+RLL-EQX)
(DL+RLL+EQZ)
(DL+RLL-EQZ)
(DL+EQX)
(DL-EQX)
(DL+EQZ)
(DL-QZ)
 4. SEISMIC DATA

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqx according to IS1893
2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = X
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z=0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I =1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

6.4.5]
=2.5 =2.5
g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
X 0.46 1686.8873 151.8199
Applied Story Force

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.15 49.4177 0
Story2 6.1 77.0147 0
Story1 3.05 25.3875 0
Base 0 0 0

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eqy according to IS1893
2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Y
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z=0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I =1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

6.4.5]
=2.5 =2.5
g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
Y 0.518 1686.8873 151.8199

Applied Story Forces

Fig: Earthquake Lateral forces in Y- direction

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9.15 0 49.4177
Story2 6.1 0 77.0147
 Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story1 3.05 0 25.3875
Base 0 0 0

Table 1:- Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ Sum UX Sum UY Sum UZ
sec
Modal 1 0.518 0.0004 0.8289 0 0.0004 0.8289 0
Modal 2 0.46 0.8782 0.0017 0 0.8786 0.8306 0
Modal 3 0.403 0.0105 0.0398 0 0.8891 0.8705 0
Modal 4 0.209 0.0004 0.0872 0 0.8895 0.9577 0
Modal 5 0.199 0.0717 0.0004 0 0.9612 0.9581 0
Modal 6 0.173 0.0049 0.0001 0 0.9661 0.9581 0
Modal 7 0.146 0.0014 0.0318 0 0.9674 0.9899 0
Modal 8 0.139 0.0318 0.0021 0 0.9992 0.992 0
Modal 9 0.13 0.0008 0.008 0 1 1 0

Table 2 :- Centers of Mass and Rigidity

Cumulative Cumulative
Diaphrag Mass X Mass Y XCM YCM XCCM YCCM XCR YCR
Story X Y
m kg kg m m m m m m
kg kg
Story1 D1 87110.32 87110.32 5.9509 2.1141 87110.32 87110.32 5.9509 2.1141 5.6723 2.0676
Story2 D2 66063.91 66063.91 5.6696 2.194 66063.91 66063.91 5.6696 2.194 5.7054 2.0793
Story3 D3 18840.41 18840.41 3.9624 2.2772 18840.41 18840.41 3.9624 2.2772 4.4122 2.0809
Check for maximum storey displacement and Maximum Drift Ratio
As per Cl.no 7.11.1 of IS 1893-2002, the story drift in any storey due to specified design lateral
force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.
Therefore, Maximum storey displacement and Maximum Storey Drift ratio for all storied are
checked as defined in clause 7.11.2, IS 1893-2002.
Maximum Storey displacement along X-Direction=

Fig: Story Displacement along X-direction

Figure: Story Displacement along Y-Direction

Figure: Story Drift along X-Direction

 Figure: Story Drift along Y-Direction

5. SUPPORT REACTION
Stor Joint Label Unique Name Load FX FY FZ
y Case/Combo kN kN kN
Base 1 90 UDCon2 3.1774 7.1483 170.5036
Base 30 91 UDCon2 3.4367 -7.1439 191.0558
Base 31 92 UDCon2 -1.1172 5.1275 337.2067
Base 32 93 UDCon2 -1.3656 -5.2664 372.0369
Base 33 94 UDCon2 1.6091 5.3619 354.7729
Base 34 95 UDCon2 2.0025 -5.5131 394.1438
Base 35 96 UDCon2 -0.4518 8.3464 291.8743
Base 36 97 UDCon2 -0.4555 -8.0333 342.2976
Base 37 98 UDCon2 -3.4753 7.8725 205.7367
Base 38 99 UDCon2 -3.3602 -7.8999 242.3293
 6. COLUMN DESIGN

COLUMN DETAILS  
SIZE OF  
COLUMN 300 300   NO AND SIZE OF BAR PROVIDED
 
PROVIDED  
GRID ETABS REINFORCEMEN MIN (0.8%
  OUTPUT T   No. DIAMETER No. DIAMETER CHECK)
2B GF 1577 1608 OK 8 16 - - 1.78 OK
  1F 1046 1256 OK 4 16 4 12 1.396 OK
2F 1005 1256 OK 4 16 4 12 1.396 OK
Fig: Bending moment (3-3) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)

Fig: Shear Force (2-2) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)

Fig: Axial Force for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Support Reaction for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Bending Moment (3-3) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Bending Moment (3-3) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Shear Force (2-2) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Shear Force (2-2) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Axial Force (2-2) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Axial Force (2-2) for load combination 1.5(DL+LL)
Fig: Longitudinal Reinforcement First Floor

Fig: Longitudinal Reinforcement Roof Floor

Fig: Longitudinal Reinforcement Stair Cover
Fig: Longitudinal Reinforcement Grid 1
Fig: Longitudinal Reinforcement along Grid 2
 Reinforcement details of column section

Grid Column ID Column Reinforcement

Location Size Up to First Second Third Floor
Floor Floor
1A,1B,1C,1D, C2 300 X 300 8-16mm dia 4-16mm dia 4-16mm dia
2A,2B,2C,2D 4-12mm dia 4-12mm dia
1F,2F C1 300 X 300 4-16mm dia 4-16mm dia 4-16mm dia
4-12mm dia 4-12mm dia 4-12mm dia

Reinforcement details of beam section (GF, FF & SF) both sides.

Beam Details
Grid Tie Beam
Beam ID Size of Beam Top Bar Bottom Bar
Through Extra
All Grid B0 225 mm X 300mm 3-12 mm dia 2-12 mm dia 3-12mm dia

Beam Details
Grid First and Second Floor Beam
Beam ID Size of Beam Top Bar Bottom Bar
Through Extra
All Grid B1 230 mm X 380mm 2-16mm dia 1-12 mm dia 3-12 mm

Beam Details
Grid Third Floor Beam
Beam ID Size of Beam Top Bar Bottom Bar
Through Extra
All Grid B2 230 mm X 380mm 2-16mm dia 1-12 mm dia 3-12 mm

8mm dia. Vertical Stirrups @100mm c/c up to L/4 from end supports and @ 150mm c/c at mid span.
Reinforcements for floor slab:

Thickness of slab = 125 mm

Along Short Span: 8 mm dia. bars@ 125 mm c/c with extra cut pieces upto L/3 from supports.

Along Long Span: 8 mm dia. bars@ 150 mm c/c with extra cut pieces upto L/3 from supports.

For all other details, Refer submitted Structural Drawing. It is recommended that the mix design of
concrete should be carried out to conform the desired strength as per IS 456-2000.