GOVERNMENT POLYTECHIC

COLLEGE PALAKKAD

MINIPROJECTREPORT
Water level indicator

HEADOFDEPT PRESENTEDBY
C.KBINDHU JITHIN K.S

GUIDEDBY
RAVINDRAN K

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

2021-2022

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
COLLEGE PALAKKAD

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project entitled “ Water level indicator ”
is a bonafide record of the project work done by JITHIN K.S secondyear
ElectronicsEngineering,GovernmentPolytechnicCollege,Palakkad.In
partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of Diploma in
ElectronicsEngineering under the Directorate of Technical Education,
Kerala state during theyear2020-2021.

Place: Palakad
Date: Staff-In-Charge

Head of the Department

ExternalExaminer InternalExaminer

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we thank the God Almighty for showering his
blessing upon
usandforgivingustheauspicesandgracetomaketherightdecision
withdignity.

We owe our sincere thanks to Mrs.Seema K N , Principal, Govt

PolytechnicCollege,Palakkad forgrantingthepermissiontodo this project.

We are pleased our indebtedness to Mrs. C K Bindhu, Head of the

Department,DepartmentofElectronicsEngineering,GovtPolytechnicColl
ege,Palakkadforhergracious encouragement.

Weareobligedtotheteachingstaffandnon-
teachingstaffforbeinghelpfulandco-operative during the period of
project. We extend our heartfelt thankful to parents,friends andwell
wishesfortheir support andtimelyhelp.

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
COLLEGE,PALAKKAD

THE VISION
“To be a centre of excellence in engineering education for
providingvaluableresourcestoindustriesand society.”

THE MISSION
• Providingqualityeducationinengineeringandtechnology.
• Involving in the development of societythrough
technologytransferentrepreneurship andindustryinteraction.
• Toincludesocialresponsibilityandethicalvaluesamongstudentsthrou
ghvalueof education.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

THE VISION
“Tobeacentreofacademicexcellenceimpartingnecessaryknowledgeandski
llsinthe field of Electronics to enable students for higher education,
employment andentrepreneurship.”

THE MISSION
• GroomingthestudentswithstrongfoundationofElectronicsEngineer
ingandfacilitating
theimpartingknowledgeandtrainingforcurrentandadvancedtechnol
ogyinthefieldof Electronics.
• Providingfacilitiestostudentsforfamiliarizingwithemploymentand
entrepreneurshipopportunities.

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 Abstract

A Water Level Indicator is used to detect and indicate the water level in
an overhead tank or any other water container. In this paper, we
investigated the design of a water level sensor device using Arudino
UNO, that can detect the level of water in a water storage system. An
ultrasonic sensor is used to generate ultrasonic waves, a water sensor to
detect the water level, LEDs to signify the importance of different water
levels, PC to observe the levels of water. We indicated a green LED for
safe water level, one red LED for about to reach max level and two red
LEDs for maximum water level. This circuit is efficient and can be used
for any application involving the levels of any liquid.

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 o Index

 STANDARDISATION OF LABORATORIES………7
 INTRODUCTION……………………… ……..……9
 WORKING…………………………………...………10
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM………………… ……………11
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED…………………………12
 APPLICATIONS & USES OF WATER
LEVELINDICATOR…………………………………19
 ADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL INDICATOR..20
 DISADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL
INDICATORS…………………………………… .21
 PRICE LIST……………………………………....… .22
 CONCLUSION…………………………….. ..……23
 REFERENCE…………………………………………24

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STANDARDISATION OF LABORATORIES

Special dedicated team should be formed for sorting, organizing and

sustaining theorganized work culture at the machine shop. The 5s team
works on the
Japaneseprincipleoforganization,whichhavebeensuccessfullyimplemente
datvariousshopfloors around theworld.The5pillarsoforganization that
weaimatare:

SORT(SEIRI)

Sortmeansthatyoumoveallitemsfromtheworkplacethatarenotneededforcurr
ent Machineshopactivities.

SETINORDER(SEITION)

Setting in order whatever has been “sorted”. Labeling and marking

down requireditems of usage. Creating designated areas for frequently
used tool and arrangingthemso thattheyareeasytofind.

SHINE(SEISO)

Cleaning up after the work is over. Putting tools and used material back
in theirdesignated place, the way they were “set in order”. Cleaning the
workplaces, so astoavoid anyhazardous materialsspills
andotheraccidents atworkplace

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 Q(SEIKETSU)

Standardizewhateverhasbeenachievesofarusingthefirstthreepillars.Marki
ngita part of the daily routine and setting aside time to sort, set in order,
and shinerepeatedly.

SUSTAIN(SHITSUKE)

Sustaining is maintaining the clean and organized work environment

over a longperiod of time toenhanceproductivity.

Oncethefirsttwopillarsareimplementedduringtheinitialsessionsofthelabor
atory,thirdtofirstpillarsshouldbemadearegularactivitybeforecommencem
ent

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Introduction

When water level increases and touches the sensor, the Red LED will glow
indicating that there is water within the tank. As the water level continues to rise
and reaches half the tank, Yellow LED will glow. When the water is going to be
fill, the Green LED will glow. When the water in the tank rises to full an alarm
is made by the buzzer as an indication that the tank is full.

Generally, water stored in overhead tank is wasted due to over flow ,when the
tank is full. Water level alarm using micro-controllers like 8051 and AVR are
shown in previous articles.This article shows simple circuits of water level
indicator with alarm.

Three circuits were shown here are simple and built using transistors, 555
timer and ULN2003 IC. First let us build a water level alarm using simple
transistors.

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 Working

 The circuit is designed to indicate three levels of water stored in the

tank: low but not empty, half and full but not overflowing.
 When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an
indication that the tank is completely empty.
 When water level increases and reaches M2, the contacts M1 and
M2 get shorted as water acts as a conducting medium between M1
and M2.
 This will turn on the transistor Q1 and the Green LED starts to glow.
As the water level continues to rise and reaches half the tank, M3
will come into contact with water and receives a small voltage from
M1.
 As a result, Q2 is turned on and Yellow LED will glow. When the
water in the tank rises to full tank, M4 is also shorted with M1 and
both Q3 and Q4 will turn on.
 The Red LED glows and also an alarm is made by the buzzer as an
indication that the tank is full and the water pump or motor can be
turned off.

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Circuit Diagram

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Components Required

 BC548 transistors-Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4
 Resistors R1,R2,R3,R4-2.2kohms
 R5, R6 ,R7 – 100 ohm
 Led – Red(LED3) , Green(LED1) , Yellow(LED2)
 Metal Contacts – M1,M2,M3,M4.

Transistor:-A solid-state electronic device that is used to control the flow of

electricity in electronic equipment and usually consists of a small block of a
semiconductor (such as germanium) with at least three electrodes.
BC548
The BC548 is a general-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor commonly
used in European and American electronic equipment. It is notably often the
first type of bipolar transistor hobbyists encounter and is often featured in
designs in hobby electronics magazines where a general-purpose transistor is
required.

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Resistors:- A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of
electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific
voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

2.2k 100 ohm

LED:-LED, in full light-emitting diode, in electronics, a semiconductor

device that emits infrared or visible light when charged with an electric
current.

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Buzzer:-

The vibrating disk in a magnetic buzzer is attracted to the pole by the

magnetic field. When an oscillating signal is moved through the coil, it
produces a fluctuating magnetic field which vibrates the disk at a
frequency equal to that of the drive signal.

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PCB:-
Printed circuit board
A printed circuit board, or PC board, or PCB, is a non-conductive material
with conductive lines printed or etched. Electronic components are
mounted on the board and the traces connect the components together to
form a working circuit or assembly.

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Connecting wire:-
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on
a circuit to another because electricity needs a medium through which it
can move. Most of the connecting wires are made up of copper or
aluminum.

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Switch:-

Battery:-

The Hi Watt 9V battery is an affordable, reliable, dedicated low-power

solution to provide sufficient energy to your circuit. Ideally used in
circuits with low power consumption so that it can work for longer
durations.

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Applications & Uses Of Water Level Indicator
The uses of a water level indicator include the following applications:

 Can be used in water tanks to control water levels

 Automatically turn ON/OFF pumps
 Can be used in factories, commercial complexes, apartments, home,
 Fuel tank level gauging
 Oil tank level control
 High & low-level alarms
 Pool water level control
 Life station switches
 Leachate level control
 Cooling tower water level control
 Sewage pump level control
 Remote monitoring liquid
 Water level control
 Pump controller
 Stream level monitoring
 Sump pump

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  Tsunami warning and sea level monitoring
 Process batch control & monitoring
 Irrigation control

Advantages Of Water Level Indicators

1. Power Saver
Living in an age where we need to be more conscious of the energy that we use, a
water level controller is ideal at saving power. Normally, regulating water levels can
consume electricity and wastewater. However, with automatic controllers, the
electricity usage is limited as well as less water needed to regulate supply.

2. Money Saver
A water level controller helps save money by limiting the waste of water and
electricity. These devices accurately regulate how much energy is used to protect
against any unnecessary water/electricity usage. Over time, the money saved is quite
substantial.

3. Automatic

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Another notable advantage with these devices is that they regulate on their own.
Eliminating manual operations with a timer switch, the frustrations of manual
monitoring water tanks are minimized. Water levels are maintained at the
appropriate levels thanks to the automatic operations of these devices.

4. Water Maximization
On average, water pumps are used more during midday. A water level controller can
maximize the water usage provided during midday while automatically lessening the
water usage at night. This results in an appropriate level of water at all times being
maintained, while providing you with the maximum use of your water at the
appropriate times.

5. Reliable Electronic Design

Addressing the durability problems found in earlier designs, the solid-state
electronics in the newer models help to eliminate them. Not only do they help to
eliminate the durability issues, but they also create considerable savings of the life
span of the unit with an advanced modular design. In order to minimize problem
areas of these designs, the only moving parts are the relays. These relays are easily
replaced and tested by any skilled operator or electrician while being an inexpensive
part.

Disadvantages of Water Level Indicators

 Water level controls need to be replaced every 3 years
 The rust, foul and deteriorate
 Electronics are usually built separately
 More difficult installation
 Most float switches are outdated
 No LED indicator lights

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  No Warranty or Guarantee

Price list
Sl COMPONENTS COMPONENTS QUANTITY TOTAL
N COST COST

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 o

1 BC548 transistor 10 4 40

Resistors-
2 3 4 12
2.2kohms
Resistors
3 2 3 6
100 ohms

4 LEDs 2 4 8

TOTAL:- 66

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 CONCLUSION:-
The water level indicator is the best electronic starter device
indicating the water level and saves water correspondingly. The led
blinks according to their level of water reaches to them and indicates
the buzzing sound to stop pouring when it reaches its final limit.

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 Reference:-
 www.electronishub.com

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