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Government of
Government of Tripura
Tripura
CULTIVATION
CuLTIVATION
TECHNIQUES OF PAPAYA
TECHN]QUESOFPAPAYA
I
I
I
>

A Technical
A Technical Bulletin
Bulletin from
from :.'
Horti. Research Complex,
Complex,
Nagicherra, West
Nagicnerra, West Tripura.
Tripura.
 PAPAYA
PAPAYA

(§_at
(ire .i. <.=_a.pflRE)
mean)
Papaya isis one
Papaya oneofofthe
thepopular
popularfruit
fruitcrop
cropofofTripura,
Tripura. ltIt isis grown
grown inintropical
tropicaland
and
subtropical area.
subtropical area. Itlt i8
is now
now recognized
recognized as
as highly
highly nutritive,
nutritive, economic
economic and
and

My M p important medicinal
important medicinal crop.
crop.
Papaya fruit
Papaya fruit isis
being consumed
being as fresh
consumed as fresh
and
and ripe
ripe as well as
as well as
vegetable inin Tripura.
vegetable Tripura. Very
Very
few farmers
few are cultivating
farmers are cultivating
papaya inin Tripura
papaya Tripura due
due to
to
prone of
prone of viral
viral and
and fungus
fungus
diseases. These
di§ease§. These diseases
can
can be controlled by
be controlled by
following suitable planting
following suitable planting
season, nursery
Season, nursery andand

orchard management
orchard managementwith
with some
sometechnical
technicalknowhow
knowhow && special
special care.
care. ItIt has
has
long been
long been known
known &
&cultivated
cultivatedininhome
homegardens
gardens because
because itit is
is one
one Of
of the few
the few
fruits which
fruits which isisavailable
availablethroughout
throughout the
the year,
year, gives
gives quick
quick return.
return.

l____.____.__.______a
Species 8"“ °"'""a's =
Species and Cultivar§
.
Papaya belongs
Papaya belongs toto the
the family
family Caricaceae.
Caricaceae. '
Carica papaya
Can.ca is the
papaya is the `only
only species grown
species grown
for edible
for edible fruits
fruits ,of
,Qfthe
the48
48species
species known
known
in Caricaceae.
in Caricaceae.

I Culiiva
Cvlfivars -' A I r;
1 ) Washington
1) Washington :: Itlt is
is distinguished
distinguished
by purple
by purple rings
rings at
at the
the riods
nods && dark
dark
purple petiols. Fruit
purple petio[s. Fruit isis medium
medium to to
large sized,
large sized, round
round to to ovate,
ovate, anan
individual fruit
individual fruit weight
weight 2.5
2.5 kg.
kg,

2)
2) Coorg
Coorg Honey
Honey Dew
Dew :: AAdwarf
dwarf ,,
heavy bearerr
heavy bearer, the
the fruits
fruits are almost
are almost
oblong. ItIt isis Gynodioecious.
oblong. Gynodioecious,

3)
3) Pusa
Pusa Dwarf
Dwarf :: Suitable
Suitablefor
forareas
areas where the winds
where the winds are
are common,
common. ltIt isis
Dioecious.
Dioecjous.

4)
4) Pusa
PHsa Majestic
Majestic :: Plants bear fruits
Plants bear fruits ofof medium
medium size.
size. (1.25
(1.25 toto 1.50
1.50 kg).
kg).
Fruits have
Fruits good storage
have good storage quality.
quality. Tolerant
Tolerant toto virus
virus && resistant to
resistant to
nematode.
nematode.

5)
5) Pusa Nanha :: AA dwarf
Pusa Nanha dwarf variety,
variety, well
well suited
suited for
forkitchen
kitchengarden
garden or
or pot
pot
cultivation.
cultivation.
 6)
6) Taiwan
Taiwan : :This
"s isisgynodioecious
gynodioecious
variety with
variety with blood
blood red
red coloured
coloured
flesh and
flesh good taste.
and good taste.
Surya and
Surya and Honey
Honey dew
dew are also notable
are also notable
cultivar of
cultivar of papaya.
papaya.

I Soil : I I ‘j
A high fertile soil with good drainage is
A high fertile Soil with good drainage is
most desirable
most desirable forfor successful
successful papaya
papaya
I cultivation. The
cultivation. The plant
plant grows
grows well
well in
in
I sandy loam
sandy loam soil
soil having
having PH
PH between
between 6.5
6,5
I to 7.
to7.

[Climate : q --------5
' ---—----ifII p it
Papayagrows
Papaya growswell
well inin sun,
sun, warm
warm && humid
humid climate.
climate. The
The plant
plantcan
can be
be grown
grown
to elevation
to elevation of
of 1000
1000 m
in above the sea
above the level but
sea level can't withstand
but can't withstand frost.
frost. Ideal
Ideal
temperature for
temperature for papaya
papaya isis between 25
between 25 to
to 30
30 degree centigrade. Temp.
degree centigrade. Temp.
bellow 10
bellow 10 degree centigrade inhibits
degree centigrade inhibits growth,
growth, maturity
maturity and
and ripening
ripening of
of fruits.
fruits.
Dry climate
Dry climate during
during flowering
flowering often
often causes sterility, while
causes sterility, while dry
dry climate
climate during
during
fruit maturity
fruit maturityadds
adds to
tothe
the sweetness of fruit,
sweetness of fruit.
| Propagation : I
Papaya isis generally
Papaya generally grown
grown from
from seeds.
seeds. Papaya
Papaya seeds have aa tendency
seeds have tendency to to
loss their
loss their viability
viability very
veryfast
fast within
within 60-90
60-90 days.
days. Being
Being cross
cross pollinated,
pollinated, the
the
plants raised
plants raised from
from seed
seed may
may have
have aa mixed
mixed heritance
heritance with
with wide
widevariability.
variability.
Freshly extracted
Freshly extracted seed show low
seed show low germination
germination due
due to
to presence
presence Of of sarcotesta
sarcotesta
which act
which act as
as inhibitor.
inhibitor.The
Theseed
seedarearecleaned
cleaned with
withsaw
saw dust
dust or ash of
or ash of cattle
cattle
dung to
dung tQ remove
remove the mucilaginous coating
the muci!aginous coating and
and dried
dried inin shade.
shade,

5eed|i"9 mfl"a9em@"I "

Papaya seedling
Papaya seedling raised
raised inin polythene
polythene bags
bags stands
stands after transplanting better
after transplanting better
than those
than raise in
those raise in seedbeds. Seedling can
seedbeds. Seedling can be
beraised
raisedinin perforated
perforated polythene
polythene
bags ofof 20
bags 20 cm
cm xx 15cm size ofof 150
15cm size 150 toto200
200gaiige
gaugefilled
filled with
with equal
equal proportion
proportion
( 111:1) of top soil, FYM and sand. Germination takes place within 10 to 20
( 1 :1:1) of top soil, FYM and sand. Germination takes place within 10 to 20
days after
days after sowing
sowing depending
depending upon
upon the
the prevailing
prevailing temp.
temp. Seeds
Seedsare
aresown
sowninin 11
cm depth.
cm depth. Generally
Generally the
the seedling
seedling become
become ready for transplanting
ready for transplanting inin about
about
45 to
45 to 60
60 days.
days.

Sept.-Oct. planting
Sept.-Oct. planting isis generally done inin the
generally done the region
region where
where rainfall
rainfall isis heavy and
heavy and
virus problem
virus problem is
is acute
acute in
in rainy
rainyseason. During monsoon
season. During monsoon season
season (( June-July)
June-July)
planting of seedling can be done in tilla land.
planting of seec}ling can be done in ti!la land.

I Planting = 1%it
Pits of
Pits 45cm X
of 45cm X 45cm
45cm X45
X45 cm
cm sizes
sizes are
are to
to be
be made
made at
at required
required distance
distance
which should bebe filled
which should filled with
with top
top soil
soil alongwi{h
alongwith 2020 kgkg ofofFYM
FYM and
and 11 Kg
Kg
neemcake. twoYseedling§
neemcake. Two seedlings (( Dicecious
Dioecious var.}
var.) should
should bebe planted
planted inin each pit
each pit
and single
and single seedling
seedling planting
-planting for
for Gynodioecious
Gynodioeciousline line(Var.)
(var.) followed
followed by
by light
light
irrigation mixed
irrigation mixed with
WithCaptan
Captan @2@2 gm ginper
per lit
litwater.
water,
 The planting
The planting density
density depends on the
depends on the number
numberofoffactors
factorslike
likecul{ivars
cultivars to
to be
be
grown, soil
grown, soil type and the
type and the rainfall
rainfall pattern of the
pattern of locality.
the locality.

Spacing- 2m
Spacing- 2m XX 2m
2m for
for tall
tall variety
variety == 2500
2500 plants/hac
plants/hac

1.5m
1.5m x
x 1.5m
1.5m for
fordwarf
dwarfvariety=4400
variety=4400 plants/hac
plants/hac

I Removal of unwanted plants : F‘ 3

With proper
With proper management
management and
and care the papaya
care the plants start
papaya plants start flowering
flowering 4-7
4-7
months after
months after planting.
planting. At
At flowering
flowering stage,
stage, excess
excess plants
plantsare
are to
to be
be removed
removed
keeping only
keeping only one plant in
one plant in each pit and
each pit and maintaining
maintaining a
a female
female :: male
male plant
plant
ratio of 10 : 1 in case of dioecious line.
ratio of 10 : 1 in case of dioecious line.

| Manuring : II
The papaya
The papaya crop
crop isisvery
veryheavy
heavyfeeder.
feeder. The
The following
following doses of nutrients
doses Of nutrients per
per
fruiting season
fruiting season per plant isis required
per plant required as below-
as below-

i)i) FYM
FYM - 10 kg
10k8
ii)
ii) Neem cake
Neemcake - 1 kg
1kg
iii) Urea
iii) Urea - 600
600 gmgin
SSP
SSP ~ 1400 8in
1400 gm
MOP
MOP - 700gm
700gm
The inorganic fertilizers
The inorganic fertilizers shoulcl
should be
be given
given inin six
six Split
split doses
doses (( once
once inin two
two
months) during
months) during vegetative
vegetative growth
growth and
and flowering
flowering stage.
stage, For
For better
better growth
growth ofof
fruit 11 oror 22 spraying
fruit spraying of of Zns04
ZnSO4@@5gm/lit
5gm/lit water
waterand
andBorax
Borax@@ 11 gin/lit
gm/lit water
water
during vegetative
during growth and
vegetative growth and flowering
flowering stage.
stage.

llrrioativn =
Protective irrigation
Protective irrigation islsrequired
required in
inthe
thefirst
firstyear
yearof
ofplanting.
planting,Inlnthe
thesecond
secondyear
year
when the
when the plants areladen
plants are ladenwith
withfriiits,
fruits, irrigation
irrigation atat 10
10 days
days interval
interval inin winter
winter
and atat 55 days
and daysinterval
interval inin summer
summerisisneeded
neededtilltill harvesting
harvesting ofoffruits.
fruits.

1.
J. Weed
Weedcontrol
¢o»fro/.- Eljminate
Eliminate weeds as they
weeds as they compete
competefor
fornutrients,
nutrients, light
light
and water
and water and
and can
can harbor
harbor pest
pest and
and also
also vector
vector of
of diseases.
diseases.

2.2. Bud removing

Bwdi memawhg- Auxiliary
-Auxiliaryshoots
shootsororbuds
budshave
havetotobe
be cutoff
cut off as they
as they
absorb nutrients.
absorb nutrients.
3.
3. Shedding
Sfreddingofofleaves
/eaves --Older
Older leaves
leaves should
should bebe eliminated,
eliminated, they
they cancan
act as
act as hest
host for
for pest
pest and
and diseases.
diseases,

4.
4, Fruit
Fmi'!removing
remowhg. -WhenWhen 2-3 2-3 fruits
fruits grow
grow inin the
the same
same pedicel,
pedicel, itit isi§
recommended toto keep
recommended keep only
only one one fruit.
fruit. Care should be
Care should be taken
taken while
while
removing the extra
removing the extrafruits
fruits inin the
the pedieel*
pedicel.
5.
5. Support - Staking should
§appch -Staking should be
be provided
provided when
when the
the bearing
bearing isis more
more and
and
heavy.
heavy.

6.
6, Fruit growth
F#u/-i growthand and harvesting - The fruits
harvesfi'ng -The fruits take
take 130
130 -165
-165 days
days to
to
reach maturity
reach maturity depending
dependingononcultivar
cultivararid
and prevailing
prevailing temp.
temp. during
during the
the
course of fruit
course of fruit development. The fruit
development. The fruit should
should be han/ested indMdually
be harvested individually
by
by hand picking.
hand picking.
 Productive lire and fruit new =
The profitable
The profitable productive
productive life
lifeof
ofpapaya
papaya is
is 33 years,
years, provided
providedthe
the crop
crop
is well
is well managed.
managed. Thereafter
Thereaifer the
the trees become too
trees become too tall
tall and
and uneconomical.
uneconomical.
The fruit
The fruit yield
yield of
ofpapaya
papaya varies
varies widely
widely according
according to variety, soil,
to variety, soil,climate
climateand
and
management
management Of of the
the orchard. On an
orchard. Cm an average each plant
average each plant of
of improved
improved varieties
varieties
bear 20
bear 20 -40 -40 fruits
fruits weighing
weighing 40-75
40-75 kg
kg in
in one
one fruiting
fruiting season.
season. On On an
an average
average
yield ofof60-75
yield 60-75tons
tonsper
perhectare
hectare may
may be
be expected
expected inin aa season from an
season from an orchard
orchard
of papaya.
Of papaya.

; Pest and diseases :

Pest and q I
1 ‘ ‘

1.1. Damping
Damping off - causalorgan'ism-Pythium
off -causal organism-Pythium aphanidermatum
aphanidermatum and and
Phytophthora
Ptryfophrf]ora palmivora._
pa/mj`vora..Causes
Causes rotting
rotting of
of seedling
Seedling ininthethe nursery.
nursery,

Control
Control -- Before
Before sowing
sowing the
the seeds should be
seeds should be treated
treated with
with fungal
fungal
culture
culture of of Trichoderma viride (3-4gmlkg
Triehoderma viride seed) or
(34gm/kg seed} Captan (3gm/kg
or Captan (3gm/kg seed) to
seed) to
protect the
protect the newly
newly emerging
emerging seedlings.
seedlings,
Drenching the
Drenching the seedling
seedling with
with Ridomil
Ridomil MZMZ oror Carzate
Carzate @ @ lmlllit
1ml/lit water
water
or Bavistin
or Bavistin @2gm/lit
@2gm/lit water
water gives good protection.
gives good protection.
2. Collar
2. Collar rot
rot and stem
stem rot
rot`.:
Causal ®rgan`ism
Causal organism Pyfhlum
Pythium aphanidermatum,
aphanjdermatum, Phytophfhora
Phytophthora
parasitica.
parasitica.

Water logging and

Water loggjng and bad
bad drainages
drainages are are the
the major
major €ontribiiting
contributing factors
factors
for this
for this disease.
disease. TheThe leaves
leavesfromfrom top
top side
sideoneonefound
founddrooping
drooping yellowing
yellowing and
and
then they
then they fall
fall off.
off. Rotting
Rotting of ofplants
plants and tree trunks
and tree trunks ultimately
ultimately fall
fall down.
down.
Control -Seed
Control - Seedtreatment
treatmentwithwithThiram
Thiram or or Captan
Captan @ @ 2gm/kg
2gmlkg of of seed.
seed.
Application Of
Application of Trichoderma
l.richQderma virideviride (15gm/plant}
(15gmlplant) mixed mixed withwith FYM
FYM should
should bebe
applied around the
applied around the root
root zone
zoneatatthethetime
timeofofplanting.
planting. Drenching
Drenching the the soil
soil with
with
Ridomil MZ
Ridomil MZor or Carbendazim
Carbendazim @ @ 1gm/lit
1gm/lit water
water or bordeaux mixture
or bordeaux mixture (1%)
(1%) or or
Blitox (3gm/litre)
Blitox (3gm/litre) gives good protection
gives good protection at at 10~15 days interval
10-15 days interval ..
3. Anthracnose
3, A#iferacnose .': CausalCausal organism~
organism- Colletotrichum
Co//eto!richum spp. spp. ItIt affects
affects
the leaves, flowers
the leaves, flowers and and fruits
fruits as
as aa result
result they
they fall
fall off
off prematurely,
prematurely. Itltcancan be be
managed by
managed by spraying
spraying Carbendazjm
Carbendazim@@1gm/lit 1gmllit water
waterororDifolton
Difolton @@ 2gm/lit
2gm/lit
water.
water.

4. Papaya
4. mosaic/Rr+ig
Papaya mosai.a (Ring apo£
spot ¥irlfsj
virus) ..: Top
Top leaves
leaves begin
begin toto have
have aa
yellow mosaic
yellow mosaic in in the leaf blade
the leaf blade and
and green
green oily
oilystreaks
streaks appear
appear on on the stem
the stem
and petioles of
and petioles of yoiinger
younger leaves. This ring
leaves. This ring spot appears on
spot appears on flowers
flowers andand fruits.
fruits.
Control
Control -- When
When
raising the
raising the seedlings
seedlings cover
cover
the nursery
the nursery with
with nylon
nylon mesh
mesh
of suitable
of suitable size. Keep the
size. Keep the plot
plot
free of weeds
free of which may
weeds which may
harbor the
harbor the vectors.
vectors. Vectors
Vectors
can be
can be checked
checked by by spraying
spraying
of Rogor
of @2ml/lit water
Rogor @2ml/lit water oror
metasystox( 2ml/litre)
metasystox( 2ml/litre) at 10-
at 10-
15 days
15 interval speci@l]y
days interval specially
during summer
during summer and and rainy
rainy
season,
SGHSOTI.

5. Leaf
5, L®##curl
c##/of
ofpapaya : The
papaya ,. The disease
disease isi§ transmitted
transmittedbybythe
the vector
vector
white fly (Bemisia tabaci). Curling ,crinkling and deformation of the leaves is
white fly (Bemisia tabaci), Curling ,crinkling ancl deformation Of the leaves is
the symptom.
the symptom. apart
apart from
from curling
curling the
the leaves exhibit vein
leaves exhibit vein clearing
clearing and
and
thickening of
thickening of the
the veins.
veins, The
The affected
affected plants
plantsshow
showaa stunted growth.
stunted growth.

Control . -Spray
Control Spray ofof metasy§tox
metasystox(2(2ml/litre)
ml/litre)ororNuvacron
Nuvacron(0.5(0.5mlMtre)
ml/litre)
or Confidor (1.5 ml /litre) or Triazophos (1.5 ml/litre) to prevent the vector.
or Confidor (1.5 m! /litre) or Triazophos (1 r5 ml/litre) to prevent the vector.

6. Leaf
6. Leaf blight (CorynesporaGa58iioofa}
blight (Gorynespora cassiicola).I: The The d.isease
disease fiirst
first appear
appear
as small
as small discoloured
discoloured lesions which are
lesions which are irregularly
irregularlyscattered on the
scattered on the leaves.
leaves.

Control .- Disease
Control Diseasecan canbebecontrolled
controlledbyby Spraying
spraying ofof Dithane
Dithane M-45
M-45
starting from
starting from the
the appearance
appearance of of the
the symptoms.
symptoms.
Major Pests .' I I
1.
1. Aphids
Aphid§: :Act as vectors
Actas pests of
vectorspests of papaya
papaya ring spot virus and
ringspotvirus and mosaic.
mosaic.
Spray the
Spray systemic insecticides
the systemic as written
insecticides as written inin disease control.
disease control.

2.
2, Red
Redspider Mites :: Spider
spider Mites Spider mites
mites affects
affects the fruits by
the fruits by way
way of
of causing
causing
scarring which
scarring which reduce the market
reduce the market value
value of
of fruit.
fruit. Control
Control :: Spraying
Spraying of
of
phosphamidon (0.5
phosphamidon (0.5 ml
ml /litre)
llitre) or
or Dicofol
Dicofol (2ml/litre
(2ml/litre water)
water) reduce
reduce the
the
spider mites
spider mites population.
population.
3.
3. Root
Root knot nematodefffle/®j*deg##S
knot nematode (Meloidogyne Sp.)
Sp.j.': The symptoms
symptoms are the
are the
yellowing and
yellowing and then
then shedding
shedding ofof leaves,
leaves, premature
premature fruit
fruit drop,
drop, root
root
galling and finally death of the plant in severe cases of infestation.
galling and finally death of the plant in severe cases of infestation.

Control ::
Control

I)I) Application
Applicationofof2
2 tonlha
ton/ha of
of neem
neem cake
cake before
before planting
planting reduce
reduce
the incidence.
the incidence.

ll)
11) Application
Applicationof ofcarbofuran
carbofuran 3g3g@@20
20 kg
kg /ha
/ha in
in the field control
the field control
the nematodes.
the nematodes.

PL;a/i-snecy
PUD/l'S/7661 DYby .. Horti.
.' HOHII. Research
RESEBPCII Com|.lax,NHQICIWETTB,
COIHDIGX, Nagicherra,WESII
West
Tripura and PFIFIIIGCI
TFIDUF8 3l'lCI Printed ID\/
by $Ul'lQI"3|)I1iCS,
Sungrapnics, Agartala,
AQEIFIIHIEI, Ph.
PI). :I 2328469
2328469