MODULE 2B: HISTORICAL

DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY: ANCIENT TIME 


Science, Technology and Society


Mathematics and Physics Department 

Adamson University

 After reading and doing the tasks in this module, you
should be able to

• Describe the technology and its development during the

ancient time

• Identify the characteristics of what is considered

Objectives
 science in the ancient period

• Name some prominent ancient technologies and the

people behind them

• Make a diagram showing the primary drivers of ancient

science and technology
 If you could go back to ancient
Warm-Up
 time, what civilization would
you visit? Why?
Discussion

 • process by which a society or
Civilization
 place reaches an advanced stage
of social and cultural development
and organization.
•the society, culture, and way of life
of a particular area. (Oxford
Dictionary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39QpE02xEK8
(1) Stable food
supply.


image source : https://bit.ly/2kB1uSb

Goran tek-en/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0

 Mesopotamian: Tigris & Euphrates Chinese: Huang He, Yangtze
River
Indus/ Harappan: Indus River
Valley


Egyptian: Nile River

(2)Social structure.
(3)System of
government.


Egyptian Social Structure


 CUNEIFORM HEIROGLYPHICS

Code of Hamurabi

(4)Highly developed
written language.

Pyramid Texts

Epic of Gilgamesh

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hammurabi 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pyramid_text_Teti.jpg 



(5) Religious system.

Ziggurat Pyramid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggurat 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza 




•A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the

behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they
(6) Highly developed accept, generally without thinking about them, and
culture.
 that are passed along by communication and
imitation from one generation to the next.
(7) Advances in
technology.


https://sites.google.com/site/ishikag610/home/the-calendar-and-the-system-of-irrigation



 STONE BRONZE IRON
AGE AGE AGE

(7) Advances in
technology.


https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Hand-axe-Lower-Paleolithic-12-MYA-Olduvai-Gorge-British-Museum_fig5_28
79729

https://www.catawiki.com/l/27008973-bronze-age-celtic-bronze-decorated-spear-head-23x45x180-mm

https://www.catawiki.com/l/10165029-ancient-celtic-iron-age-period-iron-socketed-spearhead

Greek
Civilization
(1200 BCE)


• Philosophy and Science

• Art, Literature and Theatre
• Politics and Democracy
Greek Civilization
(1200 BCE)


“natural events have

non-supernatural causes.”
 • Inductive
reasoning –
knowledge of
nature must be
Greek Civilization based on
evidence and
(1200 BCE)
 logic

Plato and Aristotle

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg
The only good is knowledge and
the only evil is ignorance.
-Socrates
 • Aristarchus of Samos - Proposal of a
heliocentric model of the solar system
Greek Civilization • Erathosthenes – calculated the
circumference of the Earth
(1200 BCE)
 • Hippocrates – description of diseases
and medical conditions
• Euclid- concepts of definition, axiom,
theorem, and proof
• Archimedes – hydrostatics, lever,
summation of infinite series, accurate
approximation of Pi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnTWppUrzY4

 Public works
• Public baths
Roman • Temples
Civilization (700 • Bridges

BCE)
 • Forums
• Marketplaces
• Aqueducts

https://www.crystalinks.com/romescience.html 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermae 

 Innovations
Roman • Arch
Civilization (700 • Cement
BCE)
 • Baked brick
 Prehistoric time
Survival = Ancient time
Basic needs
Stable supply of food (storage)
Social needs emerge
Conclusions
 Intellectual Inquiry
Religion → Logic → Practitcal
Application