_ncpZXe t{]m{KmapIƒ°p≈

]cnjvIcn® aebmfw ]mTy]≤Xn

skaÿ 1 ˛ 6
-(2017 AUvanj≥ apX¬)

Restructured Syllabi for Under Graduate Programmes in

Malayalam
Semester I-VI
(2017 Admissions Onwards)

almflmKm‘n k¿∆Iemime
{]nbZ¿in\n ln¬kv, AXncºpg
tIm´bw

Mahatma Gandhi University

Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha
Kottayam
 {]kvXmh\
2017- ˛ 18 A[yb\h¿jw apX¬ \S∏m°m≥ Dt±in®v ]cnjv ° cn®v
Xømdm°nbn´p≈ _ncpZXe aebmfw ]mTy]≤XnbmWnXv. Cu ]mTy]≤Xn
Xømdm°p∂Xn\v k¿∆hn[ klmbhpw ]n¥pWbpw \¬Inb almflmKm‘n
k¿∆IemimebpsS _lpam\s∏´ sshkv Nm≥ke¿, t{]m˛sshkv Nm≥ke¿,
cPnkv{Sm¿ F∂nhtcmSpw kn≥Unt°‰v AwKßtfmSpap≈ IS∏mSpw IrX⁄Xbpw
ChnsS tcJs∏SpØp∂p.

almflmKm‘n k¿∆IemimebpsS aebmfw ^m°¬‰n AwKßfpsSbpw

t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv AwKßfpsSbpw hnhn[ tImtfPpIfnse aebmf
A[ym]IcpsSbpw Iq´mb ]cn{iaØns‚ ^eamWv Cu ]mTy]≤Xn. a‰v
k¿∆IemimeIfnse A[ym]Icpw hnZKv≤cpw Cu kwcw`Øn¬
klIcn°pIbpw klmbn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. F√mhtcmSpap≈ \µnbpw
kvt\lhpw Adnbn°p∂p.

aebmfw
^m°¬‰n & t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv
almflmKm‘n k¿hIemime
 BapJw
almflmKm‘n k¿∆Iemimebn¬ _ncpZXeØn¬ tNmbvkv _bvkvUv s{IUn‰v
skaÿ k{ºZmbw \nehn¬ h∂Xv 2009˛emWv. ]n∂oSv ka{Kamb Hcp ]mTy]≤Xn
]cnjvIcWw \S∏nem°p∂Xv Ct∏mgmWv. CXn\nsS _n. lrZbIpamcn IΩojs‚
\n¿t±i{]Imcap≈ sNdnb ]cnjvIcW߃ \S∂n´p≠v. AX\pkcn®p≈ ]cnjvImcw
Xs∂bmWv Ct∏mgpw hcpØnbn´p≈Xv. 2017 AUvanj≥ apX¬ \S∏m°m\pt±in®mWv
Cu ]mTy]≤Xn Xømdm°nbn´p≈Xv.

]cnÿnXn hn⁄m\hpw a\pjymhImihpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ Hcp tIm¿ tImgvkv

A©mw skaÃdn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´p≠v F∂XmWv Cu ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬ hcpØnbn´p≈
{][m\s∏´ Hcp am‰w. kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS \n¿t±isØ ]n¥pS¿∂v bq.Pn.kn.
\¬Inbn´p≈ \n¿t±iamWv Cu am‰Øn\p]n∂n¬. aebmfØns‚ h¿Øam\Ime
Ahÿsb a\ nem°m≥ Dt±in®psIm≠v \memw skaÃdn¬ tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkmbn
B[p\nI aebmf`mj tN¿Øn´p≠v. amXr`mjsb°pdn®p≈ A`nam\w hnZym¿∞nIfn¬
Dd∏n°m≥ Cu tImgvkv DXIpsa∂mWv IcpXp∂Xv.

\memw skaÃdnse tIma¨tImgvkpIfn¬ D≠mbncp∂ aebmf cN\m`mK߃

Hgnhm°n ]Icw KZycN\bpsS hnhn[`mh߃ Dƒs°mffp∂ ]mT߃ tN¿Øn´p≠v.
tamU¬ 2 _n.G. Ncn{XhnZym¿∞nIƒ°v kmlnXyhpw Ncn{Xhpw, `mjbpw B[p\oIo
IcWhpw F∂ c≠v tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv BWv \n¿t±in°p∂Xv. \nehnep≠mbncp∂
kmlnXyNcn{Xw tImgv k n\v ]IcamWnXv . tamU¬ 2 aebmfw t{]m{Kmanse
sXmgne[njvTX tImgvkpIfnepw ImenIamb ]cnjvIcW߃ hcpØnbn´p≠v.

F√m tImgvkpIfpw kaImenIam°n AhXcn∏n°phm≥ {ian®n´p≠v. G‰hpw

]pXnb Z¿i\ ]≤XnIfmWv ]mTy]≤Xn cq]oIcWØn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xv. F¶nepw
F√mhißsfbpw Dƒs°m≈m≥ Cu ]mTy]≤Xn°v Ign™n´p≠mhpw F∂p IcpXp∂n√.
IqSpX¬ ]cnjvIcW߃ XpS∂phcp∂ h¿jßfn¬ hcptØ≠XmWv.

`mjbpw kmlnXyhpw BgØn¬ ]Tn°p∂Xn\pw amXr`mjm`napJyw

D≠m°p∂Xn\pw k¿§tijnbpw BkzmZ\tijnbpw DW¿Øp∂Xn\pw DXIpwhn[amWv
]mTy]≤Xn Xømdm°nbn´p≈Xv . DZmØamb PohnXZ¿i\hpw aqeyt_m[hpw
hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ cq]s∏SpØpI F∂Xpw Cu ]mTy]≤XnbpsS e£yamWv.

Bdmw skaÃdn¬ Dt±in®n´p≈ t{]mPŒv B skaÃdnse ]co£Iƒ°papºv

ka¿∏n®ncnt°≠XmWv. {]_‘cN\bv°v s]mXphmb Hcp coXnimkv{Xw
D≠mbncn°p∂Xv \√XmWv . AØcsamcp \n¿t±iw cq]oIcn°m≥ DSs\Xs∂
{iant°≠XmWv.

k¿∆Iemime \n¿t±in®n´p≈ P\m[n]XycoXnbneqsS inev]ime kwLSn∏n®v

A`n{]mb ka\zbw cq]s∏SpØnbmWv Cu ]mTy]≤Xn Xømdm°nbn´p≈Xv .
k¿∆Iemime ^m°¬‰nbpw aebmfw t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokpw tN¿∂p
Xømdm°nbn´p≈ Cu ]mTy]≤Xn A°mZanI kaqlØn\papºn¬ ka¿∏n°p∂p.

aebmfw
^m°¬‰n & t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv
almflmKm‘n k¿hIemime
 D≈S°w

1. {]kvXmh\

2. BapJw

3. tImgvkv hnhc߃ 5

4. tamU¬ 1 tIma¨ tImgvkv ]mTy]≤Xn 11

5. tamU¬ 1 _n.G. aebmfw, tIm¿ tImwπnsa‚dn ]mTy]≤Xn 18

6. tamU¬ 2 tIma¨ tImgvkv ]mTy]≤Xn 84

7. tamU¬ 2 _n.G. aebmfw, tIm¿ tImwπnsa‚dn shmt°jW¬

]mTy]≤Xn 91

8. tamU¬ 2 _n.G. Ncn{Xw, tImwπnsa‚dn aebmfw ]mTy]≤yXn 133

A\p_‘w 137

]cnÿnXn]T\hpw a\pjymhImi]T\hpw tImgvkv

]mTy]≤XnbpsS Cw•ojv cq]w (3,4 samUyqƒ HgnsI)
 tImgvkv hnhc߃

tamU¬ 1 _n.F.aebmfw ]mTy]≤Xn

am¿°v
skaÿ

FIvtÃW¬
s{IUn‰v
tImgvkv

Ct‚W¬
tImgvkv tImgvkv
tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw
tImUv C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

ML1CCT01 IYmkmlnXyw tIma¨ 4 4 20 80

aWn°q¿
ML1CRT01 \ho\IhnX tIm¿ 4 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
I ML1CMT01 aebmf]T\Øns‚ tImwπnsa‚dn 4 20 80
3
coXnimkv{Xw aWn°q¿
ML1CMT02 \mSIhpw kn\nabpw tImwπnsa‚dn 4 20 80
3
aWn°q¿
ML2CCT02 IhnX tIma¨ 4 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML2CRT02 aebmfIhnX FgpØ—≥ tIm¿ 4 4 20 80
apX¬ Ihn{Xbw hsc aWn°q¿
II ML2CMT03 B[p\nI temIIhnX tImwπnsa‚dn 4 20 80
3
aWn°q¿
ML2CMT04 t^mIvtem¿ hn⁄m\w tImwπnsa‚dn 4 20 80
3
aWn°q¿
ML3CCT03 ZriyIemkmlnXyw tIma¨ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML3CRT03 tIcfkwkvImcw˛]q¿hL´w tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
III ML3CMT05 Hcp FgpØpImc≥/ tImwπnsa‚dn 4 3 20 80
FgpØpImcn ˛am[hn°p´n aWn°q¿
SC3CMT01 kwkvIrXw˛ Poetry, tImwπnsa‚dn 6 20 80
4
Rhetorics & Basics of aWn°q¿
Grammar

5
 am¿°v

FIvtÃW¬
s{IUn‰v
tImgvkv

Ct‚W¬
tImgvkv tImgvkv
tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw
skaÿ

tImUv C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

ML4CCT04 aebmfKZycN\Iƒ tIma¨ 5 4 20 80

aWn°q¿
ML4CRT04 tIcfkwkvImcw˛DØc tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
L´w aWn°q¿
ML4CMT06 B[p\nI aebmf`mj tImwπnsa‚dn 4 20 80
IV 3
aWn°q¿
SC3CMT02 kwkvIrXw -Prose, tImwπnsa‚dn 6 20 80
4
Vrutha, Alankara, aWn°q¿
Theories of Poetics &
Grammar
ML5CRT05 ]cnÿnXnhn⁄m\hpw tIm¿ 4 4 20 80
a\pjymhImi]T\hpw aWn°q¿
ML5CRT06 kmlnXyaoamwk tIm¿ 6 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML5CRT07 sNdpIY t\mh¬ tIm¿ 6 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
V ML5CRT08 `mjmimkv{Xw tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
Hm∏¨ tImgvkv Hm∏¨ 4 3 20 80
ML5OPT01 ]{X{]h¿Ø\w aWn°q¿
ML5OPT02 am[ya]T\w
ML5OPT03 Ne®n{XmkzmZ\hpw
Xnc°YmcN\bpw
ML6CRT09 tIcfobZriyIe tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML6CRT10 {]mNo\kmlnXyw tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML6CRT11 KZykmlnXyw tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
\ncq]Ww aWn°q¿
ML6CRT12 hymIcWw, tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
VI `mjmNcn{Xw aWn°q¿
tIm¿ CeIvSohv 5 4 20 80
CeIvSohv

ML6CBT01 aebmfØnse aWn°q¿

kv{XocN\Iƒ
ML6CBT02 am[yahn⁄m\obw
ML6CBT03 kwkvImc]T\w
ML6PRT01 t{]mPIvSv t{]mPIvSv 1 20 80

6
 tImgvkv hnhc߃

tamU¬ 2 _n.F.aebmfw ]mTy]≤Xn

am¿°v
skaÿ

FIvtÃW¬
s{IUn‰v
tImgvkv

Ct‚W¬
tImgvkv tImgvkv
tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw
tImUv C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

ML1CCT07 IY t\mh¬ tIma¨ 5 4 20 80

aWn°q¿
ML1CRT01 \ho\IhnX tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML1VOT01 ]ckyIebpw ]cky`mjbpw shmt°jW¬ 5 20 80
I (tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
4
aWn°q¿
ML1VOT02 {]km[\]cnNbw shmt°jW¬
(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv)
ML1CMT02 \mSIhpw kn\nabpw tImwπnsa‚dn 5 20 80
4
aWn°q¿
ML2CCT08 IhnXbpw \mSIhpw tIma¨ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML2CRT02 aebmfIhnX FgpØ—≥ tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
apX¬ Ihn{Xbw hsc aWn°q¿
ML2VOT03 ]ckyhpw Bibhn\nabhpw shmt°jW¬ 5 20 80
II (tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
4
shmt°jW¬
aWn°q¿
ML2VOT04 tIm∏n FUn‰nwKv
(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv)
ML2CMT04 t^mIvtem¿ hn⁄m\w tImwπnsa‚dn 5 20 80
4
ML2VOT05 tPWenkw e£yhpw shmt°jW¬ aWn°q¿
Ncn{Xhpw (tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
ML3CRT03 tIcfkwkvImcw˛]q¿hL´w tIm¿ 5 4 20 80
aWn°q¿
ML3VOT06 ]ckyhpw amt\Pvsa‚v shmt°jW¬ 5 20 80
(tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
4
XXzßfpw aWn°q¿
ML3VOT07 {]km[\hpw shmt°jW¬
(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv)
III aebmfkmlnXyhpw
ML3CMT05 Hcp FgpØpImc≥/ tImwπnsa‚dn 5 20 80
4
FgpØpImcn ˛am[hn°p´n aWn°q¿

ML3VOT08 MS Word & Pagemaker shmt°jW¬ 5 20 80

(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv&
4
tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
aWn°q¿

7
 am¿°v
tImgvkv

FIvtÃW¬
tImgvkv tImgvkv

Ct‚W¬
tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw
skaÿ

s{IUn‰v
tImUv C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

ML4CRT04 tIcfkwkvImcw˛DØcL´w tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80

ML4VOT09 Zriy{imhy shmt°jW¬ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
\ham[ya{]h¿Ø\w (tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
ML4VOT10 D]\ymkcN\ shmt°jW¬
(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv)
IV ML4VOT11 Photoshop, Corel Draw & shmt°jW¬ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv&
DTP
tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
ML4OJT01 OJT Project & Report shmt°jW¬ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
(tIm∏nFUn‰nMv&
tIm∏n ssd‰nMv)
ML5CRT05 ]cnÿnXnhn⁄m\hpw tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
a\pjymhImi]T\hpw
ML5CRT06 kmlnXyaoamwk tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
ML5CRT07 sNdpIY t\mh¬ tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
ML5CRT08 `mjmimkv{Xw tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
V
Hm∏¨ tImgvkv Hm∏¨ 4 20 80
ML5OPT01 ]{X{]h¿Ø\w
ML5OPT02 am[ya]T\w 5 aWn°q¿
ML5OPT03 Ne®n{XmkzmZ\hpw
Xnc°YmcN\bpw
ML6CRT09 tIcfob ZriyIe tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
ML6CRT10 {]mNo\kmlnXyw tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
ML6CRT11 aebmf\ncq]Ww tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
ML6CRT12 hymIcWw `mjmNcn{Xw tIm¿ 5 aWn°q¿ 4 20 80
VI tIm¿ CeIvSohv 20 80
4
CeIvSohv

ML6CBT01 aebmfØnse
kv{XocN\Iƒ 5 aWn°q¿
ML6CBT02 am[yahn⁄m\obw
ML6CBT03 kwkvImc]T\w

8
 tImgvkv hnhc߃

tamU¬ 1 _n.tImw tIma¨ tImgvkv

am¿°v

tImgvkv

FIvtÃW¬
tImgvkv tImgvkv
tImgvkns‚ t]cv

Ct‚W¬
kabw
skaÿ

s{IUn‰v
tImUv C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

IYbpw IhnXbpw 4
ML1CCT05 tIma¨
aWn°q¿
4 20 80
I

BflIY, teJ\w 4
II ML2CCT06 tIma¨
aWn°q¿
4 20 80

tamU¬ 2 _n.Fkvkn tIma¨ tImgvkv

am¿°v

FIvtÃW¬
tImgvkv
tImgvkv tImgvkv
Ct‚W¬

tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw

skaÿ

tImUv C\w
s{IUn‰v

(BgvNbn¬)

ML1CCT09 IY IhnX tIma¨ 5 4 20 80

I aWn°q¿

ML2CCT10 KZy]cnNbw tIma¨ 5 4 20 80

II aWn°q¿

9
 tamU¬ 2 _n.tImw tIma¨ tImgvkv
am¿°v

FIvtÃW¬
tImgvkv
tImgvkv tImgvkv

Ct‚W¬
tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw
skaÿ

s{IUn‰v
tImUv C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

ML1CCT11 IY, IhnX, \mSIw tIma¨ 5 4 20 80

I aWn°q¿

ML2CCT12 KZyw, tIma¨ 5 4 20 80

II bm{XmhnhcWw aWn°q¿

tamU¬ 2 _n.F.lnkv‰dn tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv

am¿°v

FIvtÃW¬
tImgvkv s{IUn‰v

Ct‚W¬
tImgvkv
tImgvkv tImUv tImgvkns‚ t]cv kabw
skaÿ

C\w
(BgvNbn¬)

ML3CMT07 kmlnXyhpw tImwπnsa‚dn 5 20 80

4
Ncn{Xhpw aWn°q¿
III

ML4CMT08 `mjbpw tImwπnsa‚dn 5 20 80

4
IV B[p\nIoIcWhpw aWn°q¿

10
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIma¨ tImgvkv

1˛4 skaÃdpIƒ

_n.F./_n.Fkvkn.

skaÿ 1 ˛IYmkmlnXyw
skaÿ 2 ˛IhnX
skaÿ 3 ˛ZriyIemkmlnXyw
skaÿ 4 ˛aebmfKZycN\Iƒ

_n.tImw

skaÿ 1 ˛IYbpw IhnXbpw

skaÿ 2 ˛BflIY, teJ\w

11
 _n.F./_n.Fkvkn.
skaÿ 1 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CCT01

IYmkmlnXyw

]T\e£y-߃

1. kmam\yamb kmlnXy]cnNbhpw hmb\m`ncpNnbpw BkzmZ\tijnbpw

hf¿ØnsbSp°pI
2. aebmfIYmkmlnXyØn¬ kw`hn°p∂ `mhpIXz]cnWma߃ Xncn®dnbpI
3. ImeL´Øns‚ s]mXp{]hWXIfpw DZmØamb PohnXho£Whpw FgpØn¬
{]ISamhp∂Xv A\p`hn®dnbpI

]mT-]p-kvXIw ˛ bq-Wn-thgv-kn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww.

JWvUw H∂v ˛ sNdp-IY
1. ]qh-ºgw ˛ Imcq¿
2. `qan-bpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒ -˛ ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿
3. IS¬ -˛ Sn. ]fl-\m-`≥
4. s]cp-a-g-bpsS ]nt‰∂v ˛ Fw.Sn hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿
5. am\m-©nd sSÃv ˛ hn.sI. F≥
6. Xcn-ip-\new ˛ am[-hn-°p´n
7. B¿°-dnbmw ˛ k°-dnb
8. Hmtcm Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS D≈nepw ˛ kmdm-tPm-k^v
9. XncpØv ˛ F≥.-F-kv am[-h≥
10. taml-a™ ˛ sI. B¿ aoc
11. A·n ˛ knXmc Fkv.
12. _ncn-bmWn ˛ k-t¥mjv G®n-°m\w
13. tamZ-ÿn-c-\mbv Aßv hkn∏q ae-t]mse ˛ F-kv. lcojv
14. {]mWntemIw ˛DÆn B¿.
15. Nne kz]v\-ß-fn¬..... koXme£van-bpsS IdpØ apSn-bng ˛ Cµptat\m≥

JWvUw c≠v ˛ t\mh¬

BSpPohnXw ˛ _-\ym-an≥

klmbI{KŸ-߃
1. sNdp-IY C∂se C∂v ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥
2. sNdp-IYm{]ÿm\w ˛ Fw. ]n. t]mƒ
3. sNdp-IY hm°pw hgnbpw ˛ tUm. sI.-Fkv chn-Ip-am¿
4. t\mh¬ kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ s{]m^-. sI.Fw Xc-I≥

12
 _n.F./_n.Fkvkn.
skaÿ 2 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CCT02

IhnX
]T\ e£y-߃

1. kmam\yamb IhnXmkmlnXy]cnNbhpw hmb\m`ncpNnbpw

ImhymkzmZ\tijnbpw hf¿ØnsbSp°pI
2. aebmf IhnXmkmlnXyØn¬ kw`hn°p∂ `mhpIXz]cnWma߃ Xncn®dnbpI
3. ImeL´Øns‚ s]mXp{]hWXIfpw DZmØamb PohnXho£Whpw FgpØn¬
{]ISamhp∂Xv A\p`hn®dnbpI

Ihn-X-Iƒ

1. amwk-\n-_-≤-a-√-cmKw ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥
(eo-e-bnse 47 apX¬ 74 hsc-bp-ff 28 t«mI-߃)
2. kvt\l-kp-µ-c-]m-X-bn-eqsS ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n {io[-c-ta-t\m≥
"IpSn-sbm-gn-°en' se Ah-km\ JWvUw
3. H‰-bv°n-cn-°m≥ ]Tn®p Ign™p Rm≥ ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn
4. tImgn ˛I-S-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvW≥
5. ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥
6. ap≈≥ ]∂n ˛ sI.Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈
7. XncpØv ˛ ]n.]n. cma-N-{µ≥
8. ]nd-°mØ aI\v ˛_m-e-N-{µ≥ Np≈n-°mSv
9. arK-in-£-I≥ ˛ hnP-b-e£van
10. BSn-bmSn Ae™ ac-ß-tf.... ˛ A≥h¿ Aen
11. I¬hoSv ˛ hn.Fw. KncnP
12. Bg-߃ AS-®n´ ]pg˛ Fk.v tPmk^v
13. kvamcIw ˛ hocm≥Ip´n
14. Ip´-Ωm≥ ˛ Fw. B¿. tcWp-Ip-am¿
15. \mj-W¬ tPym{K^n ˛Fkv. IÆ≥
16. sh‰nes®√w ˛ Sn.]n. cmPo-h≥
17. ]gb NneXv ˛ ]n. cma≥
18. tKmXºp inev]w ˛ IhnX _me-Ir-jvW≥
19. Ip∂n-a-Wn-Iƒ ˛ Ip™p-Æn-°-hn-X-Iƒ
(I-d‚ v_pIvkns‚ 2004 Pqsse FUn-j≥ "Ip™p-Æn-°-hn-X-'I-fn¬ \n∂v 460, 463, 464,
465, 466, 469, 490, 491 {Ia-\-º-dp≈ Ihn-X-Iƒ)

]mT-]p-kvXIw ˛ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cWw

13
 _n.F./_n.Fkvkn.
skaÿ 3 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3CCT03

Zriy-I-em-km-lnXyw
]T\e£y߃
1. tIc-f-Øns‚ kº-∂-amb Zriy-Iem]mc-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn®v Ip´n-Iƒ°v
Adnhv \¬Ip-I.
2. kn\na t]mse-bp≈ Zriy-I-e-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI.

JWvUw H∂v ˛ kwkvIrX \mS-Iw.

aebmfimIp¥fw \mema¶w˛G.B¿ cmPcmPh¿Ω

Ducp-`wKw ˛ `mk≥ ˛Im-hmew \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°-cpsS X¿P-a
(hnjvIw`w Ign™v _etZhs‚ kw`mjWw apX¬ Ahkm\w hsc)

JWvUw c≠v˛ B´-°Y

\f-N-cnXw (H∂mw Znhkw)˛ DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ (XpS°w apX¬ ""F∂pw-sNm-√n-IvJ-K-

]Xn ]d-∂w-_tc t]mbva-d-™m≥''(-\memw cwK-Øns‚ Ah-km-\w) hsc-)

JWvUw aq∂v ˛ Xp≈¬

IeymWkuK-‘nIw (io-X-¶≥ Xp≈¬) ˛ Ip©≥ \ºym¿

(XpS°w apX¬"{iocma-Zm-ks‚ hwti P\n-°-bm¬ ]mcw \n\°palw-`m-h-˛
anßs\' hsc-bp≈ `mK-߃)

JWvUw \mev˛ ae-bm-f-\m-SIw

"1128 ¬ ss{Iw 27' ˛ kn.sP. tXmakv.

JWvUw A©v ˛ kn\na

kn\n-a-bpsS kmwkv°m-cnI {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ßsf kq£va-X-e-Øn¬ hni-Ie\w

sNøp∂ tUm. ]n.-Fkv cm[m-Ir-jvWs‚ kn\n-am-]-T-\-߃ ˛ 5 teJ-\-߃.

]mT-]p-kvXIw

1. JWvUw 1,2, 3 tN¿Øp-sIm≠v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ ]pkvX-Iw.

2. 1128 ˛¬ ss{Iw 27 ˛ kn.sP tXmakv
3. kn\na: tZiw-, kwkvIm-cw, Ncn-{Xw˛ tUm. ]n.-Fkv cm[m-Ir-jvW≥

14
 _n.F./_n.Fkvkn.
skaÿ 4 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4CCT04

aebmfKZycN\Iƒ

aebmf KZyØns‚ i‡nbpw km[yXbpw a\ nem°m≥ ]cym]v X amb

teJ\ßfmWv ChnsS ]T\hnjbw. H∏w Hm¿Ω°pdn∏pIfneqsS FgpØpImscbpw
FgpØpImsc cq]s∏SpØnb kaqlsØbpw Xncn®dnbp∂Xv Fßs\sb∂v
a\ nem°m≥ km[n°p∂p.
1. teJ\߃
]pkvXIw ˛ bqWnthgvkn‰n {]kn≤oIcWw
1. ImfnZmk\pw ImeØns‚ Zmk≥˛ tPmk^v ap≠t»cn
2. amXr`mjbnte°pho≠pw˛ F≥.hn.IrjvWhmcnb¿
3. `qanbn¬ GIm¥Xbv°pam{Xambn HcnSan√˛ knbm‰n¬ aq∏≥
4. hm°pIfpsS hnkvabw ˛ Fw.Sn.hmkptZh≥ \mb¿
5. amdp∂ aebmf kwkmc`mj˛Sn._n. thWptKm]me∏Wn°¿
6. \ΩpsS ASp°f Xncn®p]nSn°pI˛ kmdmtPmk^v
7. aebmfnbpsS cm{XnIƒ˛ sI.kn. \mcmbW≥
8. sNssº sshZy\mY`mKhX¿ kwKoXØnse knwl\mZw ˛Cµncmtat\m≥
9. Cuizc]n≈sb Btcm¿°p∂p˛ ]n.sI. cmPtiJc≥
10. {]ImiØns‚ Bbncw XShdIƒ ˛ Poh≥ tPm_v tXmakv
11. ]pcnIw˛sUkva≠v tamdnkv
12. chnh¿Ω˛ hnPbIpam¿ tat\m≥

2. A\p`hw, BflIY
]®hnc¬ ˛Zbm_mbn (Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw, 2015)

15
 _n.tImw
skaÿ 1 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CCT05

IYbpw Ihn-Xbpw
]mT]p-kvXIw ˛ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv

]T\e£y-߃
1. kmam\yamb kmlnXy]cnNbhpw hmb\m`ncpNnbpw BkzmZ\tijnbpw
hf¿ØnsbSp°pI
2. aebmfkmlnXyØn¬ kw`hn°p∂ `mhpIXz]cnWma߃ Xncn®dnbpI
3. ImeL´Øns‚ s]mXp{]hWXIfpw DZmØamb PohnXho£Whpw FgpØn¬
{]ISamhp∂Xv A\p`hn®dnbpI
IY-Iƒ
1. Ddq_v ˛C-‰m¿kn-bnte°v XncnsI t]mIp∂ h≠n.
2. H.hn hnP-b≥ ˛ Im‰p ]d™ IY
3. Fw. apIp-µ≥ ˛Z¬ln 1981
4. kn.hn {iocm-a≥ ˛ NnZw-_cw
5. F≥. {]`m-I-c≥˛ adp-]n-dhn
6. kp`mjv N{µ≥ ˛ Xev]w
7. t{Kkn˛ Xo®m-apWvUn
8. kn.-Fkv N{µnI ˛ ¢n\n-°en FIvkv]tb¿Uv
9. Abva\w tPm¨ ˛ ISn-°p∂ AΩ®nbpw sIm®paIƒ B≥knbpw
10. C. kt¥mjv Ipam¿ ˛ tN°
11. Sn.hn sIm®p-_mh ˛ ASp-°f
10 Ihn-X-Iƒ
1. ssa\mI-irwKw ˛ CS-t»cn
2. ISp° ˛ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿
3. ]mSp∂ ]nim-Nn\v ˛ Un. hn\-b-N-{µ≥
4. hnf°p sImfpØq hnf°p sImfpØq ˛ kmhn{Xn cmPo-h≥
5. CjvS-ap-Sn-°m-b¬ ˛ Ipco-∏pg {ioIp-am¿
6. th\-en¬ Hcp-]pg ˛ tdmkv tacn.
7. ssI°-e-Øp-Wn-Iƒ ˛ hnPne Nnd-∏mSv
8. \mb-I-Sn°pw kq£n-°pI ˛ I¬∏‰ \mcm-b-W≥
9. tXmcm-ag ˛ d^o°v Al-ΩZv
10. ine-Isf ]qhp-I-fm-°p-hm≥ ˛ ]n. cma≥

16
 _n.tImw
skaÿ 2 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CCT06

Bfl-I-Y, teJ\w
e£yw.
aebmf KZyØns‚ kuµcyhpw i‡nbpw Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbpw hn[ap≈
teJ\ßfmWv Cu skaÃdnse ]T\ hnjbw. hyXykv X taJeIƒ ]Tn°p∂
hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v ]e hnjbßsfbpw amXr`mjbn¬ kao]n°phm≥ Ignbpsa∂
t_m[yw CXphgn e`yam°m\mIpw.

1. ]mT`mK߃

1. DØpwK kvt\ltKm]pcw˛Iev∏‰ \mcmbW≥

2. FXn¿hm°pIƒ˛imcZ°p´n
3. alm\S≥˛ NnZw_ckvacW˛_meN{µ≥Np≈n°mSv
4. A\p-Ps‚ `mcy˛ efnXmw-_nI A¥¿P\w
5. C¥ybnse kzXzt_m[hpw `mjm at\m`mhhpw˛]n.Fw. Kncojv
6. Acßnepbcp∂ kv{Xoi_vZ߃˛ kPnX aTØn¬
7. am[yakwkv°mcw˛P\IobXbpw P\{]nbXbpw˛ kn.Fkv. sh¶ntSizc≥.
8. km[pP\]cn]me\kwLhpw ]pebalmk`bpw˛ ]n.tKmhnµ]n≈

]mT]pkvX-Iw˛ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cWw

2. Bfl-I-Y

I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Fs‚ Pohn-Xw-˛-s]m-°p-S≥

17
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn

tIm¿, tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkpIƒ

1-˛6 skaÃdpIƒ

18
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkpIƒ

H∂mw skaÿ

tIm¿

\ho\IhnX

tImwπnsa‚dn

aebmf]T\Øns‚ coXnimkv{Xw
\mSIhpw kn\nabpw

19
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 1 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CRT01

\ho\IhnX
]Tt\mt±iy߃

1. aebmf IhnXbnse hyXykvX `mhpIXz]cnWXnIƒ a\ nem°pI.

2. {]tabØnepw Imhy`mjbnepap≠mIp∂ \hamb am‰ßfnse cmjv{Sob t_m[yhpw
emhWyhnNmchpw Xncn®dnbpI.
3. ]cnÿnXn, ZfnXv, kv{Xo, \yq\]£m\p`hßfpsS Bhnjv°cWØneqsS
km[yamIp∂ _lpkzckz`mhw a\ nem°pI.
4. kaImenIIhnXbnse ]eabpsS ]pXpabpw Imhy`mjbpsS kcfXbnse
Kl\Xbpw ssk_¿ FgpØns‚ km[yXbpw Dƒs°m≈pI.
5. hna¿i\mflI ]p\¿hmb\bpsS ]pXp]mT߃ IhnXm]T\Øn¬ {]k‡amWv
F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bpI.

samUyqƒ H∂v

Imev]\nI `mhpIXzØns‚ IS∂phchv, `mh\mkº∂Xbpw ]ZkuIpamcyhpw

kwKoXmflIXbpw {]IrXnt{]ahpw CSXnßnb Iev]\m]cXIƒ, _Z¬[mcbmbn
IS∂ph∂ ZfnXv FgpØns‚ km[yX.
1. BflKoXw ˛ Nߺpg IrjvW]n≈
2. \nanjw ˛ Pn. i¶c°pdp∏v
3. ImWp∂osemc£chpw F∂ ]m´v ˛ s]mbvIbn¬ Ipamc KpcptZh≥
(10 aWn°q¿)
samUyqƒ c≠v

am\hnIXbpsS CgbSp∏ßfpw kvt\lkwL¿jßfpsS i‡nZu¿_eyßfpw

BJym\mflIambn AhXcn∏n® IhnXIƒ. tIcfob {]IrXnbpsS kuµcymflI
Kl\XIƒ. Xo{h`mh\mflIXIfn¬ \n∂v kmaqlnI PohnXØns‚ ]cp°\\p`h
ßfntebv°p Imepd∏n® IhnXIƒ.
4. Ibv∏-h-√cn ˛ sshtem∏n≈n {io[ctat\m≥
5. IdpØ sN´n-®n-Iƒ ˛ CSt»cn tKmhnµ≥\mb¿
6. aZn-cm-in-bn¬ Hcp kmbm”w ˛ F≥.-hn.-Ir-jvWhm-cy¿
(10 aWn°q¿)
samUyqƒ aq∂v

B[p\nI PohnXØns‚ IepjXIƒ, kzXzkwL¿j߃, _nw_Iev]\Ifnse

hyXykvXX, `mjbnse ]co£WmflIX, Zp¿{KlX, IdpØlmkyw, \Kcm\p`hw,
sNm¬°mgvNIfpsS km[yXIƒ, A\mYXzw, Ae®n¬, \nehnfn˛ChtbmSp ]£w tNcp∂
emhWym\p`hØns‚ IhnXIƒ.
7. ]q°mXncn°ms\\n°mhXnt√ ˛ Aø∏∏Wn°¿
8. tImgn ˛ ISΩ\n´ cmaIrjvW≥

20
 9. taLcq]≥ ˛ B‰q¿
10. ho´ntebv°p≈ hgn ˛ Un. hn\bN{µ≥
11. aoc ]mSp∂p ˛ k®nZm\µ≥
12. AØmgw ˛ F. Aø∏≥
13. {Um°pf ˛ _meN{µ≥ Np≈n°mSv
14. CjvSapSn°mb¬ ˛ Ipco∏pg {ioIpam¿
(25 aWn°q¿)
samUyqƒ \mev

]eabpsS ]mTambn amdnb IhnX. ]cnÿnXn, kv { Xo, ZfnXv ]£ßƒ

{]k‡amIp∂p. Imhy`mjsb kw_‘n® apJy[mcm k¶ev]\ßfpsS Agn®p]WnIƒ,
Ncn{XØnse au\sØ `mjyam°nb cN\Iƒ, DØmcm[p\nIXbpsS kzc
sshNn{Xy߃, kcfXbpsS [z\nkm{µXsb Dƒ°\am°p∂ hyXykvXX, tªmsKgpØv,
ssk_¿ CSØns‚ A]cntab km[yX, ImgvN]cX, Xm¬°menIX.
15. sIm®nbnse hr£ßƒ ˛ sI.Pn. i¶c∏n≈
16. hn¬]{Xw ˛ hnP-b-e£van
17. Imt‰ ISte ˛ ]n.]n.cmaN{µ≥
18. kvt\lw ˛ hn.Fw. KncnP
19. sXm´p sXm´p \S°ptºmƒ ˛ hocm≥ Ip´n
20. \o AdnbpI ˛ Fw._n. at\mPv
21. ssI°eØpWnIƒ ˛ hnPne Nnd∏mSv
22. ap≈p-Iƒ am{Xw _m°n-bm-Ip∂ IS¬ ˛ skdo\
(25 aWn°q¿)

klmbI{KŸßƒ

1. IhnXm kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ tUm. Fw. eoemhXn

2. B[p\nIXbpsS a[ym”w ˛ \tc{µ{]kmZv
3. B[p\nIXbpsS Nph∂ hm¬ ˛ \tc{µ{]kmZv
4. Imev]\nIX ˛ _n. lrZbIpamcn
5. aebmf IhnXm ]T\߃ ˛ k®nZm\µ≥
6. ]pXpsamgn hgnIƒ ˛ B‰q¿ chnh¿Ω
7. s]mbvIbn¬ A∏®≥
IogmfcpsS hntamNI≥ ˛ sI.Fw. se\n≥
8. s]¨hgnIƒ ˛ sI.Pn. i¶c∏n≈
9. B[p\nIX aebmf IhnXbn¬ ˛ F≥. APbIpam¿
10. apZnX˛aebmfØnse ZfnXv s]¨ IhnXIƒ ˛ Fw._n. at\mPv (kamlcWw)
11. bph IhnX°q´w (BapJw) ˛ tUm. sI. Fw. thWptKm]m¬
12. A£chpw B[p\nIXbpw ˛ C.hn. cmaIrjvW≥
13. \thm∞m\ aebmf IhnX ˛ Fkv. cmPtiJc≥
14. CSs]SepIƒ, kmlnXyw,
kn≤m¥w, cmjv{Sobw ˛ ]n.]n. cho{µ≥
15. B[p\nI aebmf IhnXbnse
kv{Xo]£ kao]\߃ ˛ KoX
16. FgpØΩam¿ ˛ KoX
17. t]mÃv tImtfmWnb¬ aebmf IhnX ˛ tUm. cmPp h≈n°q∂w

21
18. FgpØv: IcpØpw hnizmkhpw ˛ tUm. kn. B¿ {]kmZv
19. IhnXbnse ÿeIme߃ ˛ tUm. F. Achnµm£≥
20. knw_enkw aebmf IhnXbn¬ ˛ sI.Fw. thWptKm]m¬
21. aebmf IhnX B[p\nIXbpw
]mcºcyhpw ˛ Fw.B¿. cmLhhmcnb¿
22. ]Xn‰m≠ns‚ IhnX ˛ Ggmt®cn cmaN{µ≥
23. ]T\Øn\p kzoIcn°p∂ IhnIfpsS kºq¿Æ IrXnIfpsS AhXmcnIIƒ

22
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 1 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CMT01

aebmf]T\Øns‚ coXnimkv{Xw
]T\e£yw, ]T\k{ºZmbw
aebmf`mjm]T\Øns‚bpw aebmfkmlnXy]T\Øns‚bpw hnhn[
coXnimkv{Xßsf kmam\yambn ]cnNbs∏SpØpI F∂XmWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw.
aebmf ]T\amXrIIfneqsSbmhWw coXnimkv{XN¿® ]ptcmKant°≠Xv. aebmf
]T\ßfpsS sshhn[ykar≤n hniZoIcn°p∂ a´nemhWw A[ym]\w. ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬
kqNn∏n°p∂ IrXnIƒ, k¶ev]\߃, {]ÿm\߃ F∂nhsb∏‰n eLp{]_‘߃
Xømdm°m≥ hnZym¿∞nItfmSp \n¿t±in°mw. \mep samUyqfpIfmbn ]T\]≤Xn
hn`mh\w sNbvXncn°p∂p. AXn¬ kqNn∏n®ncn°p∂ hnjb߃ Hmtcm∂pw hniZambn
]Tn°m≥ Dt±in®n´n√. kmam\y]cnNbw am{Xw aXn.

samUyqƒ 1
`mjmkmlnXy]T\Øns‚ hgnIƒ, D]mZm\߃
aebmf`mjm]T\w: hymIcWw˛`mjmimkv{Xw˛`mjmNcn{Xw˛\nL≠p hn⁄m\w
aebmfkmlnXy]T\w: kmlnXy\ncq]Ww˛kmlnXyNcn{Xw˛kmlnXy kn≤m¥ßƒ˛
aebmfamXrIIƒ ap≥\n¿Ønbp≈ kmam\y AhtemI\w.

samUyqƒ 2
`mjmt`Z߃
hmsamgn/hcsamgn˛aebmfØnse aebmf߃˛tZiw, h¿Kw, hwiw, enwKw, PmXn,am[yaw
F∂nh ASnÿm\am°n `mjbv°p≠mIp∂ t`Z߃˛amdns°m≠ncn°p∂ aebmfw.
UnPn‰¬ bqKØnse aebmfw
am[ya aebmfw˛A®Sn, UnPn‰¬ am[ya߃ XΩnep≈ hyXymkw˛tdUntbm, sSenhnj≥,
kn\na, ]ckyw, C‚¿s\‰v F∂nhbnse aebmfw.
aebmf]T\Øn\p≈ klmb{KŸßƒ
B\pImenI߃˛KthjW{]kn≤oIcW߃˛aebmf{KŸkqNn, UnPn‰¬
D]mZm\߃˛ Cet{ŒmWnIv {]kn≤oIcW߃.

samUyqƒ 3
aebmfkmlnXyNcn{X߃: kmam\y]cnNbw
kmlnXyNcn{XßfpsS aebmf amXrIIƒ˛FgpØ—s\°pdn®v tIcfkmlnXy
Ncn{XØnepw ssIcfnbpsS IYbnepap≈ ]cma¿ißfpsS XmcXayhmb\.
kaImenI aebmfkmlnXy{]ÿm\߃
IhnX˛ sNdpIY˛ t\mh¬˛ \mSIw˛ BflIY˛ tIs´gpØmflIY˛ PohNcn{Xw˛ k©mc
kmlnXyw˛D]\ymkw˛\ncq]Ww.
`mjmkmlnXy]T\ßfnse ]pXnb {]hWXIƒ
kwkvImc]T\w˛ hn¿Ø\]T\w˛ kmlnXyNcn{Xhn⁄m\obw˛ ]uckvXyhmZw˛
tImf\nb\¥chmZw˛ZenXv hmZw˛kv{XohmZw˛]cnÿnXnhmZw˛am¿Ivknb≥ Z¿i\hpw
`mjmkmlnXy]T\hpw

23
samUyqƒ 4
hniZ]T\w
1. D]]mZ\w˛ G. B¿. cmPcmPh¿Ω
(kmlnXykmlyØnse D]]mZ\w F∂ Jfiw)
2. \njv]£\ncq]Ww˛Ip´n°rjvWamcmcv
(\njv]£\ncq]Ww F∂ {]_‘w, sXcs™SpØ {]_‘߃,
tIcfkmlnXyA°mZan, Xriq¿, 1990.
3. aebmft∏Sn˛ kv°dnb k°dnb
(aebmfw XmbvthcpIƒ ]pXp\mºpIƒ˛FUn. kn.Pn.cmtP{µ_m_p,
]n.Fw.Kncojv, Z£nW, sNss∂)
klmbI{KŸßƒ
1. kmlnXyØns‚ kz`mhw, Fw. ANypX≥, ]m›mXykmlnXyZ¿i\w,
Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw, 2004.
2. kmlnXy]T\w, sI.F≥. FgpØ—≥, sXcs™SpØ {]_‘߃,
tIcfkmlnXy A°mZan,1990.
3. AhXmcnI, Fw.Sn.hmkptZh≥\mb¿, \ΩpsS kmlnXyw, \ΩpsS kaqlw,
hmeyw 1, tIcfkmlnXyA°mZan, 2002.
4. XmcXaykmlnXy]T\Ønse ]pXnb hnImk߃, sI. Aø∏∏Wn°¿,
XmcXaykmlnXyw: ]pXnb Imgv®∏mSpIƒ tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v, 2005.
5. Kp≠¿´pw aebmfhymIcWhpw, F≥. B¿. tKm]n\mY]n≈, ]mThpw ]T\hpw,
Un.kn._pIvkv, 2001.
6. kmlnXyhpw Ncn{Xhpw,, shfpØm´v tIih≥, Xm]kw, hmeyw 1 e°w 1
XmcXay]T\kwLw.
7. eoemXneIhpw `mjmNcn{Xhpw sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿ aebmfw : am‰hpw
hf¿®bpw, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw.
8. sNdnb aebmfØns‚ henb IqSpIƒ, APp sI. \mcmbW≥, amXr`qan
BgvN∏Xn∏v, Unkw_¿ 4, 2016.
9. hmK¿∞hnNmcw, Fkv.Kp]vX≥\mb¿, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v 2003.
10. tIcfkmlnXyNcn{Xw, D≈q¿, tIcf k¿hIemime
11. ssIcfnbpsS IY, F≥.IrjvW]n≈, Un.kn._pIvkv.
12. IhnXmkmlnXyNcn{Xw, Fw. eoemhXn, tIcfkmlnXyA°mZan,1980.
13. ]m›mXy kmlnXyZ¿i\w, Fw. ANypX≥, Un.kn._pIvkv, 2004.
14. aebmf`mjmNcn{Xw, Fkv. hn. thWptKm]≥ \mb¿,
amfp_≥ ]ªnt°j≥kv, 2004.
15. B[p\nIm\¥c kmlnXykao]\߃, kn.sP. tPm¿÷v (FUn) _p°v thw,
Xriq¿.
16. aebmfkmlnXyNcn{X߃, kºm ]n.sI. ]ctaizc≥ \mb¿ {SÃv, 1994.

24
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 1 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CMT02

\mS-Ihpw kn\n-a-bpw.
Ht´sd kmPm-Xy-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb c≠v Iem-cq-]-ß-fmWv
\mS-Ihpw kn\n-a-bpw. Ccp-I-em-am-[y-a-ßfpw Imem-Im-e-ß-fmbn \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p-∂p. IemNcn-{X-]-c-amb At\z-jWØneq-sStb AXn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ [mc-W-bp-≠m-hp-
I-bp≈q. AtX-k-abw kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hni-I-e-\w Hgn-hm-°m-\p-am-hn-√. AXp-
sIm≠v cwK-`m-jbpw Ne-®n-{X-`m-jbpw thdn´v a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-ap-≠v. ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ kmln-
Xy-hn-Zym¿∞n-If
- m-bX
- n-\m¬ `mjbpw kmln-Xy-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w-IqSn ]cn-KW - n-®mWv ]mTy-
]-≤Xn Xøm-dm-°nbn-´p≈Xv. Cu kml-Nc - yw IW-°n-se-SpØv _ncp-ZX
- e-Ønse hnZym¿∞n-
Iƒ°p-th≠n \mev tamUyq-fp-I-fmbn \mS-Ihpw kn\n-abpw F∂ tImgvkv {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-
°p-∂p. BZysØ c≠p tamUyq-fp-Ifn¬ \mS-Ihpw aq∂pw \mepw tamUyq-fp-Ifn¬ kn\n-
abpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p∂p F¶nepw aq∂masØ tamUyq-fn¬ kn\n-abv°v \mS-I-Øn¬\n-
∂p≈ hyXn-cn-‡-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ Nne-Xp-IqSn kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. {]kvXpX
hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Ccp-am-[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂Xm-Wv.-

tamUyqƒ H∂v
Acßv, cwK-]m-Tw, bh-\-\m-S-I-k-¶-ev]w, ]m›m-Xyhpw ]uc-kvXy-hp-amb hnhn-[-
\m-S-I-th-Zn-Iƒ, Ac-ßnse \qX\ ]co£-W-߃, C¥y≥ \mS-I-thZn˛kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-
߃, _wKm-fn, -I-∂S \mS-I-th-Zn-Iƒ,sX-cp-hp-\m-S-I-߃,\mS-Iw, {]I-S-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬˛
dn®m¿Uv sj”¿, dn-bm-en‰n tjm

hni-Z-]-T\w
I¿W-`mcw (G-Im-¶-\m-S-Iw)˛`m-k≥˛hnh¿Ø\w˛hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥\-ºq-Xn-cn.
B¿.-bp.-B¿-˛-Im-d¬ Nms]Iv˛hnh¿Ø\w˛Fw.-tXm-akv amXyp
lb-h-Z-\-˛-Kn-cojv I¿Wm-Sv-˛-hn-h¿Ø\w˛tPm¿Pv tPm¨ kn

tamUyqƒ c≠v
ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-thZn˛BZy-Im-e-\m-S-I-߃, kwKo-X-\m-S-Iw, \m-tSmSn \mS-I-߃,
C-_vks‚ kzm[o-\w, sI.-]n.-F.-kn. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn, kv{Xo-]-£-\m-S-I-thZn

hni-Z-]-T\w
adn-bm-Ω-˛-sIm-®o-∏≥X-c-I≥
B a\p-jy≥ \o Xs∂-˛-kn.sP.tXm-akv
{]nb-s∏´ Ahn-hm-ln-X≥-˛-]n.-Fw.-XmPv

tamUyqƒ aq∂v
kn\n-a, Zriy-]m-Tw, Ne-®n-{X-`m-j XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. sam-≠mjv XpS-
ßnb FUn-‰nMv k{º-Zm-b-߃.A`n-\bw,t{]-£-I≥,-kw-KoXw (_m-lyhpw B`y-¥-c-hpw)
XpS-ßnb LS-Iß - f
- n¬ \mS-IØ- n¬\n-∂p≈ hyXncn-‡k - h
- n-ti-jX
- I
- ƒ.kn\n-abpw kmln-
Xy-hpw,-kn\nam kmln-Xyw,A-\p-Ie - v]\
- w,-temI-kn-\n-a˛ Nm¿fn Nm]vfn≥,Iptdm-kh - ,ln®vtIm-
°v XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsSkw`m-h-\, C-¥y≥kn-\na˛dmbv, L´Iv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\.

25
{]tXy-I-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ne-®n-{X-߃
sk≥{S¬ tÃj≥˛hmƒ´¿ kmekv
C‚¿hyq-˛-ar-Wmƒ sk≥
{]tXyI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Xnc-°-Y-
ss_kn-°nƒ Xohvkv-˛-hn-t‰m-dntbm Un kn°m

tamUyqƒ \mev
ae-bm-f-kn-\na XpS-°hpw hf¿®bpw Iem-Nn-{X-߃,a-[y-h¿Øn-kn-\n-a,-P-\-{]n-b-
kn-\na
{]tXyI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ne-®n-{X-߃
Fen-∏-Ømbw ˛A-Sq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
Xqhm-\-Øp-ºn-Iƒ ˛]-fl-cm-P≥
{]tXyI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Xnc-°Y
sk√p-tembvUv ˛I-a¬

klmbI{KŸßƒ
\mSIw
Ac-ßns‚ hI-t`-Z-߃-˛-k-PnX aT-Øn¬ Un.-kn.-_pIvkv tIm´bw
Acßp apX¬ A{`-]mfn hsc-˛-tUm.-kn_p tamS-bn¬ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xn-cp-h-
\-¥-]pcw
B¿.-bp.-B¿-˛-Im-d¬ Nms]Iv hnh.-Fw.-tXm-akv amXyq,-am-fq-_≥ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
I¿W-`m-cw-˛-`m-k≥ hnh:hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥\-ºq-XncntI-cf kmlnXy A°m-Zan,Xr-»q¿
XmPns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ \mS-I-߃˛]n.-Fw.-Xm-Pv,-tI-cf kmlnXy A°m-Zan,Xr-»q¿
\mS-I-Z¿∏-Ww-˛-F≥.-F≥ ]n≈.F≥.-_n.-F-kv.-tIm-´-bw.
\mS-Ihpw kn\n-abpw ˛tUm.-tPm-kv.-sI.-am-\p-h¬ ]m∏n-dkv _pIvkv
ae-bm-f-\m-SIw {]mcw-`-kz-cq-]w,-tUm.-am-Xyp.-sP.-ap-´-Øv,]m-∏n-dkv _pIvkv tIm´bw
ae-bm-f-\m-SIw kao-]-\-ßfpw km[y-X-I-fpw-˛-F-Un.-tUm.-hn[p \mcm-b¨ hnZzm≥ ]n.-Pn.-
\m-b¿ kvamcI Kth-j-W-tI{µw ,a-e-bm-f-hn-`m-Kw,-bq.-kn.-tIm-f-Pv,-B-eph
adn-bm-Ω-˛-sIm-®o-∏≥X-c-I≥ \mj-\¬ _p°v Ãmƒ tIm´bw
ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{Xw,Pn i¶-c-∏n-≈,-tI-c-f-km-lnXy A°m-Z-an,-Xr-»q¿
kn.-sP-bpsS \mS-I-߃ \mS-I-hn-h¿Ø-\-߃˛kn.-sP.tXma-kv,tI-c-f-km-lnXy A°m-Z-
an,-Xr-»q¿
cwKm-h-X-c-Ww-˛-Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿,-tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw.
cwK-{]-th-iw-˛-ssh°w N{µ-ti-J-c≥\m-b¿,tI-c-f-kw-Ko-X-\m-SI A°m-Z-an.
Theatres of Independence-Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker,Oxford University Press

kn\na
Acßp apX¬ A{`-]mfn hsc-˛-tUm.-kn_p tamS-bn¬ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-
¥-]pcw
Hcp kn\na Fß-s\-bp-≠m-Ip∂p˛sI.-sI.-N-{µ≥ Nn¥ ]_vfntj-gvkv.-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
IYbpw Xnc-°-Y-bpw-˛-tUm.-B¿.-hn.-Fw.-Zn-hm-I-c≥.-H-eohv ]_vfn-t°-j≥
ImgvN-bpsS Aim-¥n-˛-tUm.hn cmP-Ir-jvW≥,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ-˛-hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Xnc-°-Y-bpsS coXn-im-kv{Xw-˛-kam:]n.-Fw.-_n-\p-Ip-am¿,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-
¥-]pcw
\jvS-\m-bn-I-˛-hn\p G{_-lmw,-Nn¥ ]_vfn-tj-gvkv,-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw

26
]Xn-s\m∂p Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ˛A-Sq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥,-Un.-kn.-_pIvkv tIm´-bw.
ae-bm-f-kn-\n-a-bp-sS-I-Y-˛-hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥, amXr-`qan _pIvkv.
ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abpw kmln-Xy-hpw-˛-a[p Cd-h-¶-c,-Un.-kn. tIm´-bw.
ad-°m-\m-hmØ ae-bm-f-kn-\n-a-Iƒ-˛-hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥,- Nn¥ ]_vfn-tj-gvkv,-
Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
temI-kn-\n-a-bpsS Ncn-{Xw˛ tNe-ßm´v ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥,-I-d‚ v _pIvkv
kn\na apX¬ kn\na hsc-˛-tUm.APp.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W≥&sNdn tP°-_v,- F≥.-_n.-F-kv.-
tIm-´-bw.
kn\n-abpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-hpw-˛-hn.-sI.-tPm-k-^v.-kmw-kvIm-cnI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-h-Ip∏v
tIc-f-k¿°m¿.
Beginning Film Studies Andrew Dix,Viva Books
Cinema Studies -Susan Hayward,Routledge
Novels into Film-George Bluestone,The John Hopkins Press

27
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkpIƒ

c≠mw skaÿ

tIm¿

aebmfIhnX˛FgpØ—≥ apX¬
Ihn{Xbw hsc

tImwπnsa‚dn

B[p\nI temIIhnX
t^mIvtem¿ hn⁄m\w

28
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 2 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CRT02

ae-bmf IhnX-˛Fgp-Ø-—≥ apX¬ Ihn-{Xbw hsc

]pkvX-I-Øns‚ t]cv : Imhy-am-eyw
a≤-y-Imew apX¬ Ihn-{Xbw hsc-bp≈ IhnXm kmln-X-y-]-T\w. Zri-y-I-em-km-ln-
Xyw Hgn-®p-≈h ]mT-`m-K-ß-fmbn tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p.

samU-yqƒ H∂v
Fgp-Ø-—≥-˛-In-fn-∏m´pIrXn-Iƒ-˛-`m-j, ssien, aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w, `‡n-
km-ln-Xyw F∂ \ne-bn¬-˛-km-aq-l-y-hn-a¿i-\w-˛-h-©n-∏m´v{]ÿm-\w-˛-k-z-cq]w ˛ cm-a-]p-c-
Øp-hm-cy¿, IptN-eh
- rØw h©n-∏m-´v˛ \º-ym-cpsS {ioIr-jvWN - c
- nXw aWn-{]-hm-fw--˛`
- ‡
- nbpw
XXz-Nn-¥bpw Imh-yß- f
- n¬-˛F
- g
- p-Ø—
- \
- p-ti-jw-˛]
- q-¥m-\w-˛A
- ¿tWm-kp]mXncn, Nmhd Ipcym-
t°m-k-®≥ F∂n-h-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ-˛-am-e-∏m-´p-Iƒ-˛-Jmkn apl-Ω-Zv.

]mT-`m-K-߃
1. A≤-ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Bc-W-y-Im-WvUw-˛FgpØ—≥
""-cm-a\pw ambm-th-j-sØ-ss°-s°m-s≠mcp Ima-cq-]nWw amco-Nm-kpcw'' apX¬
""NntØ-tXm-∂p-I-bp-an-√-⁄m-\-an-√m-bvI-bm¬'' h-sc.
2. -Ip-tN-e-hr-Øw-˛cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-c-y¿-
""-sI-evt]m-sS-√m-P\
- ߃°pw...'' apX¬ ""B\-µt- Km-]I
- p-am-c≥ Ir]-sN-tøWw'' hsc.
3. ]pØ≥ ]m\ ˛A¿tÆmkp]mXncn˛]{¥≠mw]mZw
4. Bflm\pXm]w ˛ ]Zw 5 ˛Nmhd Ipc-ym-t°m-k-®≥ ""A·n°mbv sh´s∏Spw
hr£imJIƒ Xs∂'' apX¬ ""P]sØ ImgvNsh®p'' hsc
5. aplvbn±o≥ame˛A√mØncpt]cpw apX¬ Zo≥Xm≥ hnfnt®mh¿ hsc

samU-yqƒ c≠v
ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS kwI-a-W-L-´w-˛-sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿°-f-cn-˛-kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ-˛-sh-◊Wn
{]ÿm-\w-˛-]m-c-º-c-y-Øns‚ \ncm-I-c-Ww, {]ta-bw, {]Xn-]m-Z-\w, Imh-y-cq-]-߃ XpS-ßn-b-
h-bn¬ h∂ ]cn-h¿Ø-\w-˛-I-hn-Iƒ, IrXn-Iƒ-˛-Ihn ]pjv]-am-ebpw XpS¿c-N-\-I-fpw, ap‡-
I-߃, ]®-a-e-bm-fw.

]mT-`m-K-߃
1) A©p ap‡-I-߃

i) ]qsa-tØ-se-gp-t∂-‰n-cp∂p ˛ ]qt¥m-´-Ø—≥
ii) ImSt√ \ns‚ `¿Øm-hn\p ˛ sh◊Wn al≥
iii) \∂m-bp-t≈m-c-e-¶m-c-hp-a-Ise ˛ Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥
iv) F´m-s≠-Ønb tamcp-sas‚ inht\ ˛ HSp-hn¬ Ip™n-°r-jvW-ta-t\m≥
v) Atømbo shbn¬sIm≠p sh¥p-cpIn hmSo-Sp∂p ˛ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp

2) aqeq-cns‚ Ihn-cm-am-b-W-Ønse t«mIw aq∂p apX¬ Ggp-hsc

3) Ip≠q-cns‚ ]m°-\m-cnse ]Xn-s\m∂mw t«mIw apX¬ Ccp-]-Øn-\m-ep-h-sc.

29
tamU-yqƒ aq∂v
ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse `mhp-I-X-z-]-cn-Wm-a-Øn\v hgn-sX-fn® IrXn-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬
ae-b-hn-em-kw, Bk-∂-a-c-W-Nn-¥m-i-XIw F∂o IrXn-Iƒ˛ Imev]-\n-IX Bcw-`w-˛-B-Z-y-
Ime hnem-]-Im-h-y-߃, {]mk-hm-Zw, tIc-f-h¿Ω {]ÿm-\w˛ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω {]ÿm-\w-˛-
Im-h-y-ho-£-Ww-˛-a-e-bm-f-Ønse alm-Im-h-y-{]-ÿm-\w˛ \ntbm-¢m-knIv {]h-W-X-Iƒ, {][m-
\-s∏´ IrXn-Iƒ

]mT-`m-K-߃
Hcp hnem]w˛hn.kn._meIrjvW∏Wn°¿˛H∂p apX¬ ]{¥-≠p-h-sc-bp≈ t«mI-߃.
tIi-hobw ˛sI.kn.tIih]n≈ H∂mw k¿§w-˛-
""\mb-I-\mbv hmWm-\n-µn-cm-\µ Iµfw'' apX¬
""tIh-em-\µ kmcmflm tIi-h≥ t¢i-\m-i-\≥'' hsc.

tamU-yqƒ \mev
Imev]-\nI {]h-W-X-Iƒ ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬-˛-I-hn-{Xb Ihn-X-˛-J-WvU-Im-h-y-߃,
hnh¿Ø-\-߃, sNdp-I-hn-X-Iƒ XpSßn Ihn-{Xb Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\w-˛-hn-e-bn-cp-
ج-˛-cm-jv{Sob kmaq-lnI Ne-\-߃ Ihn-X-bn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm-[o-\w.

]mT-`m-K-߃
eoe-˛Ipamc\mim≥ (BZ-ysØ 24 t«mI-߃)
]\n-\o¿∏qhv˛ D≈q¿
-Xncq¿- -s]m-∂m-\n-∏pg˛h-≈-tØm-ƒ

klmbI{KŸßƒ
1. aebmf IhnXmkmlnXyNcn{Xw˛ tUm.Fw. eoemhXn
2. ssIcfnbpsSIY˛ F≥. IrjvW]n≈
3. a[yImeaebmfw˛]n.hn. thembp[≥]n≈
4.B[p\nI aebmfkmlnXyNcn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS˛tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
5.kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS˛tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
6. tIcfkmlnXyNcn{Xw˛D≈q¿
7. Imhy`mjbnse {]iv\߃˛FUn. tZiawKew cmaIrjvW≥
8. EXp]cnh¿Ø\w˛sI.]n.i¶c≥,
9. ]gbIrXn ]pXnb hmb\˛ FUn. ayqkvtacn tPm¿÷v
10. FgpØ—\pw Imehpw˛tNe\m´v ANypXtat\m≥˛ hnh: tUm.Fw.eoemhXn
11. FgpØ—s‚ Ie ˛]n.sI._meIrjvW≥
12.D≈qcns‚ IhnXzw˛N{µtiJc≥ \mb¿ kn.sI.
13. Bim≥IhnX Hcp ]T\w˛tPmk^v ap≠t»cn
14.ImhyIe Ipamc\mim\neqsS ˛]n.sI._meIrjvW≥
15. h≈tØmƒ \hbpKØns‚ Ihn˛Xmbm´v i¶c≥

30
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 2 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CMT03

B[p\nI temI-I-hnX
]T-\-e-£y-߃

1. hnhn-[-cm-Py-ß-fnse `mj. kwkvIm-cw, kuµ-cy-imkv{Xw F∂n-h-bpsS sshhn-[y-

sØ-∏‰n kmam-\y-amb [mc-W-bp-≠m-°p-I.
2. B[p-\n-IX kaq-l-Ønepw kmln-Xy-Ønepw Fßs\sbms° {]h¿Øn-®n´p-≠p-s≠∂v
At\z-jn-°p-I.
3. sImtfm-Wn-b¬ i‡n-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂ cmPy-ß-fnse kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb
kml-N-cy-ßfpw Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ cq]-s∏´ Ihn-X-bp-sSbpw Imhy-]-≤-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kz`m-
hßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.
4. ]m›mXy sImtfm-Wn-b¬ i‡n-If - psS IS-∂p-hc - hv Hmtcm \m´n-ep-ap-≠m-°nb kmwkvIm-
cn-Ihpw kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb Ne-\-߃ hni-I-e\w sNøp-I.
5. {][m-\-s∏´ Imhy-{]-ÿm-\-ßfpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.
6. ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬ a‰p \mSp-I-fnse IhnXIfpsSbpw Imhy-]-≤-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kzm[o\w
Xncn-®-dn-bp-I.
kmam\y]T\w
samUyqƒ 1
B[p\nI-X-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI kml-N-cyw˛ bp‡n-t_m-[w, hy‡n-t_m-[w,
⁄mt\m-Zb - w˛ b{¥-hX
- vIc
- W
- w, \K-ch- X
- vIc
- W
- w, B[p-\n-Io-Ic- W
- w˛ ]Sn-™m-d≥ bqtdm∏v˛
kmwkvIm-cn-I-cm-jv{So-b-km-l-N-cyw˛ sImtfm-Wn-b-en-kw˛ bqtdm-∏ns‚ A[o-i-Xzw˛ \mkn-
kw, ^mkn-kw, temI-a-lm-bp-≤-߃˛ h≥i-‡n-I-fpsS Bhn¿`m-hw˛ B[p-\n-I-Xm-hmZw
D∂-bn-°p∂ {]iv\ß - ƒ˛ ]m›mXyIhn-Xm-{]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ˛ anÃn-kn-kw, knw_en-kw, k¿dn-
b-en-kw, Cta-Pn-kw˛ hSt° Ata-cn-°, Bkvt{S-en-b, Im\U˛ Ihn-X-bpsS ]e hgn-Iƒ.

samUyqƒ 2
Ing-°≥ bqtdm-∏v˛ kmwkvIm-cn-I-cm-jv{So-b-km-l-Ncyw˛ em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°-bnse
kv]m\njv tImf-\n-Iƒ˛ kv]m\njv B`y-¥-c-bp-≤hpw Ihn-X-bpw˛ tem¿°, s\cqZ,
GRvP¬ tKm¨km-ekv-˛ bqtdm-]y≥˛ em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°≥ Ie¿∏p-Iƒ˛ saÃntkm Imhy-
imkv{Xw, skkm¿ hsbtlm˛ {]Xn-I-hn-X, \n°-t\m¿ ]m¿d˛ t]m¿®p-Kokv tImf-\n,
{_ko¬˛ kmwkvIm-cnIhyXym-khpw Ihn-X-bpw.

samUyqƒ 3
B{^n-°bpw sImtfm-Wn-b¬ A[n-\n-th-i-hpw˛ {^©v tImf-\n-Iƒ˛ {^mt¶m-
t^m¨ kmln-Xyw, s\{Kn-‰yq-Uv, skk-b¿, skMvtLm¿, entbm¨ Uma-kv˛ Cw•o-jv
tImf-\n-Iƒ˛ s\{Kn-‰yq-Uns‚ hna¿i-\w, thmsf tkmbn¶˛ t]m¿®p-Kokv tImf-\n-Iƒ˛
Ihn-X-bpsS cmjv{So-bw, AK-Ãnt\m s\t‰m˛ IdpØ Ihn-X-bpsS sshhn-[y-߃.

samUyqƒ 4
Gjy-bpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I-ssh-hn-[yw˛ C{k-tb-ens‚ cq]-h-XvI-c-Ww, {]mtZ-inI
lo{_p Ihn-X, blqZ Aan-®m-bn˛ ]me-kvXo≥ {]iv\w, sa“qZv Z¿ho-iv˛ at[y-jy≥ Ad_v
Ihn-X, AtUm-Wnkv˛ C¥y˛]mIn-ÿm-≥ kwkvIm-c-hn-\nabw, `mj, tZiw, Ihn-X-˛ Pm∏-
\o-kv, ssN\o-kv, sImdn-b≥ kwkvIm-c-ßfpw Ihn-Xbpw.
31
hntij]T\w ˛ IhnXIƒ

bqtdm∏v

jm¿ev t_msZ-te¿ ({^m≥kv)

A¬_m-t{Xmkv˛ awK-em´v cmL-h≥

Uªnbp _n tb‰vkv (Ab¿e-≠v˛ Cw-•-≠v)

Bc-Wy-lw-k-߃˛ _me-N-{µ≥ Np≈n-°mSv

sdbv\¿ acnb dn¬t° (s_mlo-an-b˛ Hm-kv{Sn-b)

Ab¬°m-c≥˛ sI. cma-Ir-jvW-hm-cn-b¿

s^¿Wmt≠m s]t mh (t]m¿®p-K¬)

\mep Ihn-X-Iƒ˛ ]n. cma≥

s_¿tXmƒSv s{_lvXv (P¿Ω-\n)

kvac-W˛ B¿. cma-N-{µ≥

ado\ skzs‰bvh (d-jy)

I≠p-ap-´¬˛ A\nX Xºn

GRvP¬ tKm¨km-ekv (kvs]-bn≥)

acn-®-h¿s°-Xn-tc˛ sNdn-bm≥ sI. sNdn-bm≥

s‰mamkv {Sm≥kvt{Sm-a¿ (kzo-U≥)

CW-Iƒ˛ ]n. ]n. cma-N-{µ≥

hnkzmhm knwt_mgvkvI (t]m-f-≠v)

cN-\-bpsS B\-µw˛ _nµp IrjvW≥

hSt° Ata-cn°
hmƒ´v hn‰vam≥ (bp. Fkv. F.)
bqtdm-∏v˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

tem¿Wm t{Imkn-b¿ (Im-\-U)

Ifn˛ Dam cmPohv

B-kvt{S-en-b
PqUnXv ssd‰v
{]amWw˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

sXt° Ata-cn°

skkm¿ hsbtlm (s]-dp)

Hcp shfpØ I√n\p apI-fnse IdpØ I√v˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥
32
\n°-t\m¿ ]m¿d (Nn-en)
hb- \p hymbmaw sIms≠¥p t\´w?˛ sI Pn i¶-c-∏n≈

tPmh I{_m¬ Un satem-s\t‰m ({_ko¬)

temI-Øns‚ A‰w˛ s\√n-°¬ apc-fo-[-c≥

v\ns°m-fmkv Kntb≥ (Iyq-_)

hnev°m≥ ]‰ptam?˛ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿

B{^n°

entbm-t]mƒUv skZ¿ skMvtLm¿ (sk-\-K¬)

Idp-ºn˛ ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-{µ≥

thmsf tkmbn¶ (ss\-Po-cn-b)

cm{Xn˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

AK-Ãnt∂m s\t‰m (Aw-tKm-f)

hnS˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

sUsdIv hm¬tIm´v (shÃv C≥Uokv)

_e-X-{¥w˛ hn. apk-^¿ Al-ΩZv

Gjy
AtUm-Wnkv (kn-dn-b)
IØp-Iƒ˛ Fw. F. AkvI¿

blqZm Aan-®mbn (C-{k-tb¬)

Fs‚ AΩ-tbmSv-˛ sI. hn. Xºn

audnZv A¬ _¿KuXn (]-e-kvXo≥)

hymJym-\-߃˛ DÆn B¿.

c_o-{µ-\mY SmtKm¿ (C-¥y)

A`n-k-c-Ww˛ Un. hn\-b-N-{µ≥

^bvkv Al-aZv ^bvkv (]m-In-ÿm≥)

tNmc-bpsS aWw˛ ]n. sI. ]md-°-Shv

jp¥mtcm Xm\n-Imh (P-∏m≥)

v\oem-Im-i-tØ°p t\m°p-tºmƒ˛ Sn. Sn. {]`m-I-c≥

eo ko bßv (sIm-dn-b)
Fs‚ IqS-∏n-d-∏p-Iƒ°p th≠n˛ A≥h¿ Aen

]mT]pkvXIw˛bqWnthgvkn‰n {]kn≤oIcWw

33
klm-b-I-{KŸ-߃

ae-bmfw

1. AkvI¿, Fw. F., AtUm-Wn-kns‚ Xnc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ

2. _me-N-{µ≥ Np≈-°m-Sv, _me-N-{µ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sns‚ Ihn-Xm-]-cn-`m-j-Iƒ
3. apk-^¿ Al-Ω-Zv, hn., apdn-hp-I-fpsS s]Æn\v: ^e-kvXo≥˛ Cdm°v s]¨I-hn-X-Iƒ
4. cmL-h≥, awK-em-´v (hnh.), {^©v Ihn-X-Iƒ
5. cma-Ir-jvW≥, tZi-aw-K-ew (hn-h.), temI-I-hnX: Nne GSp-Iƒ
6. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (hnh.), ]e-temI IhnX
7. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (hnh.), aq∂mwtemI IhnX
8. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (FUn.), em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ IhnX

ENGLISH

1. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlance, Modernism: A Guide to European

Literature 1890-1930
2. Childs, Peter., Modernism
3. Chinweizu, Onwuchekwa Jemie etc. (edi), Toward the Decolonization of African
Literature: African Fiction and Poetry and Their Critics
4. Geddes, Gary. (edi.), Twentieth Century Poetry and Poetics
5. Giles, Steve. (edi.). Theorizing Modernism
6. Kalu, Anthonia, C., The Rienner Anthology of African Literature.
7. McClatchy, J. D. (edi.), The Vintage Book of Contemporary World Poetry.
8. Nicholls, Peter. Modernisms: A Literary Guide
9. Patke, Rajeev S. Postcolonial Poetry in English.
10. Rainey, Lawrence (edi.), Modernism: An Anthology
11. Vicuña, Cecilia and Ernesto Livon-Grosman (edi.), The Oxford Book of Latin
American Poetry: A Bilingual Anthology

34
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 2 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CMT04

t^mIvtem¿ hn⁄m-\w(Folkloristics)

]T-\-e£yw
t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w F∂ _lp/A¥¿-hn-⁄m-\ t- a-Je - sb ]cn-Nb - s
- ∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈
{iaamWv Cu tImgvkv. Ncn-{Xw, kwkvImcw F∂o hyh-lm-c-ßsf hna¿i-_p≤ym t\m°n-
°m-Wp-hm≥ hnZym¿∞n-Isf CXp t{]cn-∏n-°pw. {]mtZ-in-I-N-cn-{X-]-T-\-Øns‚bpw ka-Im-
en-I-kw-kvIm-c-]-T-\-Øn-s‚bpw ssk≤m-¥n-I-k-ao-£-Iƒ ]n≥]-‰n-s°m≠v t^mIvtem¿
hn-⁄m\w C∂v hnI-kz-c-am-bn-´p-≠v. ae-bm-fn-bpsS ]mc-ºcy Adn-hp-cq-]-ß-sfbpw
⁄m\aWvU-eØnse ]pØ≥]p-Xp-a-I-sfbpw tN¿Øp ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I -F-∂-XmWv
Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw.

]T-\-]≤Xn
\mev samUyq-fp-I-fmbmWv Cu tImgvkv hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t^mIvtem¿
hn⁄m-\w AYhm t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w F∂ hn⁄m-\-ta-J-esb s]mXpsh ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I-bmWv H∂mw samUyq-fn¬. t^mIvtemdns\ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm-\-]-T-\-{K-Ÿ-
ßsf Bkv]Zam-°nbmhWw A[ym-]-\hpw A[y-b-\-hpw. hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb t^mIvtem¿
cq]-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv c≠mw samUyqƒ. {]mtZ-inIamb t^mIvtemdpIsf
DZm-l-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-thWw Hmtcm P\p-kn-s\bpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv/]cn-N-b-s∏-tS-≠-
Xv. Cu samUyq-fns\ ap≥\n¿Øn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Assk≥sa‚ v, skan-\m¿ F∂nh
\¬Ip-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. ^o¬Uv h¿°v, hmsam-gn-ti-J-cWw F∂o {]{In-b-bn-eqsS
Ah¿ {]mtbm-KnI Adn-hp-Ifpw t\Spw.
aq∂mw samUyqƒ GXm\pw t^mIvtem¿ amXr-II - f
- psS ]T-\a
- m-Wv. AXn¬ \mS≥]m-
´v, \mtSm-Sn-°-Y, \mtSm-Sn-\m-SIw XpS-ßn-bh Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. \memw samUyq-fnep≈Xv
t^mIvtem¿ kw_-‘n-bmb ]T-\-te-J-\-ß-fm-Wv. t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Ønse ssk≤m-¥nI
kao-£Iƒ, hyXykvX -co-Xn-im-kv{X-߃ F∂nh a\- n-em-°m≥ {]kvXp-X- te-J-\-߃
klm-bn-°pw.

samUyqƒ H∂v:
t^mIvtem¿hn⁄m-\w (Folkloristics) F∂ hn⁄m\taJ-e-bpsS DZ-bw- ˛
t^mIvtem¿ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ \n¿∆-N-\-߃ -˛- t^mIvtemdns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, [¿Ω-
߃- ˛- t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ tI-cfhgn-Iƒ, hn`n∂ amXr-I-Iƒ- ˛- t^mIvtemdpw ka-
Im-enIkwkvImc]T-\-hpw.

samUyqƒ c≠v:
t^mIvtem¿ P\p- p-Iƒ: \mS≥]m-´v ˛ \mtSmSn°Y ˛ \m-tSmSn\mSIw ˛ B-Nm-cm-
\p-jvTm-\-߃ ˛- \m-tSm-Sn-hn-izmkw ˛ \m-S≥\rØw- ˛- D-’-hm-tLm-j-߃ -˛- \m-S≥I-fn-
Iƒ˛\mtSm-Sn-ss°-th-e- ˛- \m-´p-`-£-Ww- ˛ -\m-´p-ssh-Zyw -˛- A¿_≥tem¿ ˛ πm‚ vtem¿ ˛
Ct°m-tem¿ -˛- ]p-Xp-sNm-√p-Iƒ -˛ ^m≥kv t^m°v ˛ ssk_¿ t^m°v.
(tUm.- cm-L-h≥ ]ø-\mSns‚ t^mIvtem¿, tUm.- Fw.hn hnjvWp-\-ºq-XncnbpsS \m-tSmSn
hn⁄m-\o-bw, tUm. kn.-B¿. cmP-tKm-]m-es‚ t^m-Ivtem¿ kn≤m-¥-߃, tUm.-F≥ `‡-
h-’-e-sdÕn F-Un-‰p sNbvX t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w: kn≤m-¥-X-ew F∂o ]pkvX-I-ßsf

35
Ah-ew-_-am°n thWw H∂pw c≠pw samUyq-fp-I-fpsS A[ym-]-\hpw A[y-b-\-hpw)

samUyqƒ aq∂v
t^mIvtem¿ amXr-I-IfpsS khn-ti-j-]-T\w

1. Irjn-∏m-´p-Iƒ: s]m∂pw Xncp-hSn ]mh-bv°, A∏m \ΩsS Ipº-f-ssØ,

IÆn-ep-Æn-°Ænamß F∂o sNdp-]m-´p-Iƒ
(adn-bmΩ tPm¨ (B-th.), amWn-°w-s]-Æv, am\pjw {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww, Nß-\m-ti-cn)
2. kpµ-cb-£nt°meØns‚ ]m´nse "kpµ-cn-am¿ X∂psS kpµ-c-cq]w .......
inh-\psS ]mZ-ØmtW' F∂ `mKw.
(IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n-≈, ]tS-\n, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw)
3. IS-a-‰Øp IØ-\msc Ipdn-®p≈ \m-tSm-Sn-°-Y
(sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Æn, sFXn-ly-am-e (A[ymbw 72), Id‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´bw)
4. Im°m-cn»n \mSIw: H∂mw cwKw
(Pn `m¿§-h≥]n-≈, Im°m-cn-»n\mSIw, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw)
5. hS-°≥]m´v: Nnd-°¬ X-ºp-cm\pw Ad-bv°¬ _o-_nbpw
(tUm.- sI.- {io-Ip-am¿ (k-am.), tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xriq¿)
(apIfn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]m´pamXr-I-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w N¿® sNtø-
≠p-∂h: \mS≥]m-´p-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, {]mtZ-in-I-t`-Z-߃, IYm-Km\w F∂ P\p-
kv, ]m´ns‚ sI´p-ap-d, ]m´nse {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ßfpw I¿ØrØz-ßfpw.
kpµ-c-b-£n-t°m-e-Øns‚ ]m´p]T-\-tØmsSm∏w ]S-bWn F∂ A\p-jvTm-
\sØbpw AXns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ hnhn[ tIme-ß-fpsS cwKm-h-X-c-W-ßsfbpw ]‰n a\- n-
em-°-Ww.
\mtSm-Sn-°-Y-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ, hn`n∂cq-]-߃ (]p-cm-hr-Øw, sFXnlyw XpS-
ßn-b-h) F∂n-h N¿® sNbvXp-sIm-≠m-hWw IØ-\m-cpsS IYbnte°p {]th-in-t°-≠-
Xv. IY-bpsS kuµ-cyXe-sØ-t∏mse {][m-\-amWv AXns‚ cmjv{So-bhpw.
\mtSm-Sn-\m-SI
- ß
- fpsS s]mXpkz`mhw, Dƒ∏n-cn-hp-Iƒ F∂nh N¿® sNø-Ww. Fkv.
sI. \mb¿ cNn® tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃ F∂ {KŸsØ CXn-\mbn D]-Po-hn-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. sk°p-e¿ \mtSmSn\mSIw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Im°m-c-insb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øp-tºmƒ AXnse lmkyw, {]mtZ-in-I-X, kmaq-ly-hn-a¿i\w F∂o Xe-ßfpw ]cn-K-
Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v)

samUyqƒ \mev
t^mIvtem¿ hnNn-¥-\-߃

1. ae-\m-´n-emXn: Ip´-\m-S≥ hmsamgn CXn-lmkw F∂ IrXn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI ˛

tUm.-kvI-dnb k°-dnb
(ae-\m-´n-emXn: Ip´-\m-S≥ hmsamgn CXn-lmkw, tUm. tPmk^v kvIdnb (F-Un.),
tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq-´v, 2015)
2. kv{Xo: {]Ir-Xnbpw kwkvIr-Xn-bpw ˛ tUm.- tkm-a≥ IS-eq¿
(t^mIvtem-dns‚ kuµcyimkv{Xw, Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv, Xncp-h-¥-]pcw, 2011)
3. Xpf-kn-bpsS ]cn-Wma {]{In-b ˛ tUm.- sI.- Fw. -`-c-X≥
(t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥w, {]tbm-Kw, F^v.-F-^v.-Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿, 2011)
4. AΩ I√nepw ap≈nepw tamfv Ieym-W-∏-¥-en¬ ˛ tUm. -sI. Fw A\n¬
(tIcf t^mIvtem¿, tUm.- cm-L-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv (F-Un.), F^v.-F-^v.-Fw. ]ªn-t°-
j≥kv, ]ø∂q¿, 1997)

36
 5 s]¨{]Xn-tcm-[-߃ \mS≥]m´p-I-fn¬ ˛ tUm.- k-Pn-X sI.- B¿
(Zfn-X-a-£-c-kw-bp-‡w, ]cn[n ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, 2012)

klmbI {KŸ-߃

1. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, t^mIvtem¿, 1997, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.

2. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, tIcf t^mIvtem¿ (F-Un.), 1997, F^v. F^v Fw
]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿.
3. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, t^mIvtem-dn\v Hcp ]T-\-]-≤Xn, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Uan,
Xr»q¿
4. Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xn-cn, \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-bw, 1997, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´bw
5. Fw.-hn.-hn-jvWp-\-ºq-Xncn, t^mIvtem¿ Nn¥-Iƒ, 2005, ]q¿Æ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
tImgn-t°m-Sv.
Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿, hS-°≥]m-´p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bm-e, 1982, h≈-tØmƒ
hnZym-]o-Tw, ipI-]p-cw.
6. sI. Fw. A\n¬, t^mIvtem¿ P\p v cmjv{Sobw, 2004, ]m∏n-tbm¨, tImgn-t°mSv.
7. kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]me≥, tKm{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ, 2001, \m´dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-{µw,
Xr»q¿, 2001
8. kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]me≥, t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥ßƒ, 2007, tIc-f-`mjm
C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
9. F≥. `‡-h-’-e-sdÕn (F-Un.), t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w: kn≤m-¥-Xew, 2004, Id‚ v
_pIvkv, tIm´bw
10 F≥. APn-XvIp-am¿, 2005, t^mIvtemdpw kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]Whpw: XXzhpw
{]tbm-Khpw, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw
11. Fw.-Fw. {io[-c≥, t^mIvtem¿ kao-]-\-ßfpw km≤y-X-Ifpw, 2015, ae-bmf ]T-\-
K-th-jW tI{µw, Xr»q¿
12 sI. Fw. `c-X≥, t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw, 2011, F^v F^v Fw
]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿
13 APp sI \mcm-b-W≥, tIc-f-Ønse _p≤-aX ]mc-ºcyw \m´-dn-hp-I-fn-eqsS, 2005,
Id‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´bw
14 APp sI \mcm-b-W≥, t^mIvtem¿ ]mT-߃ ]T-\-߃, 2012,
kmln-Xy-{]-h¿Ø-I -k-l-I-c-W- kw-Lw, tIm´-bw.
15 Fkv. sI.\mb¿, tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn \mS-I-߃, 1964, aZn-cmin
k¿∆-I-em-im-e, a{Zmkv
16 Hcp-kwLw teJ-I¿, kwkvIm-c-]-T\w, 2007, ae-bmf ]T-\-kw-Lw, Id‚ v _pIvkv,
tIm´bw
17. _n chn-Ip-am¿, Nq´p-]-S-b-Wn, 2010, sdbn≥t_m _p°v ]ªn-tj-gvkv, sNß-∂q¿
18. IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈ , ]tS\n, 1993, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.
19. kPnX sI. B¿., Zfn-X-a-£-c-kw-bp-‡w, 2012, ]cn[n ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.
20. adn-bmΩ tPm¨ (B-th.), amWn-°w-s]-Æv, am\pjw {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww,
Nß-\m-ti-cn
21. ]n. hk-¥-Ip-am-cn, t^mIvtemdnse kv{Xokz-Xz-\n¿Ωn-Xn, 2000,
F^v.-F-^v.-Fw., ]ø-∂q¿.

37
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkpIƒ

aq∂mw skaÿ

tIm¿

tIcfkwkvImcw ˛ ]q¿hL´w

tImwπnsa‚dn

Hcp FgpØpImc≥/FgpØpImcn ˛am[hn°p´n

38
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 3 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3CRT03

tIcfkwkvImcw˛ ]q¿∆L´w
tIcfob kaqlØns‚ cq]oIcWhpw ]cnWmahpw kmwkvImcnI {]{InbIƒ
F∂ \nebn¬ ]T\hnt[bam°pIbmWv tImgvkns‚ e£yw. Ncn{Xhn⁄m\Øns‚
km[yXIfpw AdnhpIfpw D]tbmKs∏SpØptºmƒ Xs∂ kmwkvIcnI {]{Inb F∂
BibØn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ins°m≠mWv tImgvkv hn`mh\w sNbvXn´p≈Xv.
A¥¿ssh⁄m\nI kao]\Øn¬ A[njvTnXamb hnjb]cnWmacoXn
t_m[\{IaØns‚ ASnkYm\ambn kzoIcnt°≠XmWv. kwkvImcsØ {]{Inb F∂
\nebnepw Ncn{XhkvXpXIsf kmwkvImcnI _‘߃ F∂ \nebnepw ]cnKWn°p∂
]T\]≤XnbmWv ]n≥XpStc≠Xv.
tamUyqƒ H∂v
{]mNo\ XangIw F∂ kmwkvImcnI ÿm\w˛ tKm{XkwkvIrXn˛ alminem
hin„ßfpw ]g¥angv ]m´pIfpw˛hocbpKhpw hocmcm[\bpw˛ XnWIƒ: kmwkvImcnIhpw
kuµcy]chpw `qanimkv{X]chpamb kqN\Iƒ˛ Im¿jnI kwkvIrXn˛]Xn‰p∏Ønse
cm{„obNcn{Xw˛aXkwkvIrXn˛_u≤,ssP\, {_m“W aX߃ BZyIme
hntZi_‘߃˛ hntZi_‘Øns‚ kz`mhw ]´Ww DXvJ\\w˛kwhmZ߃˛blqZ,
ss{Ikv X haX߃˛ tIcfw F∂ kmwkv I mcnI taJe˛`qanimkv { X]camb
khntijXIfpw tIcf kwkvImchpw
tamUyqƒ c≠v
Im¿jnIhXv I cWhpw BcymKa\hpw˛]pXnb kmwkv I mcnI ]cnkcw˛
{_m“W{Kma߃ ˛t£{XtI{µoIrX kaqlw F∂ Bibw˛ AXns\Xnscbp≈
hna¿i\߃˛ kmwkvImcnI ]cnkcw˛t£{XtI{µnX kaqlw F∂ BibØns‚
{]m[m\yhpw {]k‡nbpw ˛s]cpamƒhmgvN˛Ducmf¿, Imcmf¿, ASnbmf¿˛
I®ßƒ˛kwkvImcnI ka\zbw F∂ k¶ev]Øns‚ ASnÿm\w˛h¿ØI kwL߃˛
\q‰ph¿kwL߃˛ Z£ntW¥y≥ `‡n{]ÿm\w˛t£{XIeIƒ:IqØv, IqSnbm´w˛
aebmf`mjbpsS cq]oIcWw :kmwkvImcnI ]cnkcw tIcfob ssh⁄m\nIXbpsS
cq]s∏S¬˛ tPymXn»mkv{Xw, KWnXw, sshZyw XpSßnb taJeIƒ.
tamUyqƒ aq∂v
a[yIme kaqlw: \mSphmgnIfpw kzcq]ßfpw P∑nØhpw acpa°Ømbhpw˛
`mjbpsS hf¿®˛ ]m´pw aWn{]hmfhpw˛BeØq¿ aWn{]hmfw˛ KZyhnImkw˛ I®hS
_‘ßfpw kwkv I mc]cnWmahpw˛AßmSnIfpw Aºeh´hpw˛thWmSv , sIm®n,
tImgnt°mSv ˛ amam¶w˛tchXn ]´Øm\w˛kwKoXw, Nn{XIe, hmkvXphnZy˛ `mjm]cnWma
Øns‚ kmaqlymSnØd˛FgpØ—≥.
tamUyqƒ \mev
]m›mXy A[n\nthiw˛t]m¿®pKokv BKa\w˛ kmaqXncn˛ Ip™menacbv°m¿˛
DZbwt]cq¿ kp∂ltZmkv˛aXw˛tImf\oIcWw F∂ \nebn¬˛Iq\≥Ipcniv kXyw˛
U®v, {^©v BKa\߃˛kmwkvImcnI ^e߃˛XncphnXmwIq¿, sIm®n˛{_n´ojv
A[n\nthihpw sNdpØp\nev]pIfpw˛]g»nbpw thepغnbpw˛IpdnNy
Iem]߃˛sslZcmenbpw Sn∏pkp¬Øm\pw˛ Ad_naebmfw˛ B[p\nIoIcWØns‚
{]mcw`w˛]m›mXy_‘ßfpw ssh⁄m\nI \hoIcWßfpw˛tlm¿Øqkv
ae_mdn°kv.

39
klmbI{KŸßƒ
1.Ip™≥]n≈, CfwIpfw, 2005, CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈bpsS sXcs™SpØ IrXnIƒ,
A¥m-cmjv{S tIcf]T\tI{µw, tIcfk¿∆Iemime, Xncph\¥]pcw.
2.KtWiv sI.F≥. 1991 tIcfØns‚ C∂seIƒ, kmwkvImcnI {]kn≤oIcWhIp∏v,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
3.tKm]meIrjvW≥, ]n.sI. 1991 tIcfkmwkvImcnI Ncn{Xw, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
4.KwKm[c≥ Sn.sI. 2007 tIcfw kwkvImchpw Ncn{Xhpw, Imen°‰v k¿∆Iemime,
tImgnt°mSv.
5.\mcmbW≥, Fw.Pn. Fkv. 2003 tIcfNcn{XØnse ASnÿm\ ineIƒ,
]q¿Æ]ªntjgvk,v tImgnt°mSv.
v6.\ºqXncn∏mSv, C.Fw.Fkv. 1996, tIcfw aebmfnIfpsS amXr`qan, Nn¥ ]ªntjgvkv,
Xncph\¥]pcw
7.{io[ctat\m≥, F.,2008 tIcfNcn{Xw, Un.kn_pIvkv,tIm´bw.
8.{io[ctat\m≥, F.,2008 tIcfkwkvImcw Un.kn_pIvkv,tIm´bw.
9.cmLhhmcy¿, cmP≥Kpcp°ƒ, 1991, tIcfNcn{Xw, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw, ipI]pcw.
10.cmLhhmcy¿, Fw.B¿. 1990, tIcfobX Ncn{Xam\߃, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw,
ipI]pcw.
11.cmLhhmcy¿, Fw.B¿., 1997, a[yImetIcfw:kºØv, kaqlw
kwkvImcw,Nn¥]ªntjgvkv, Xncph\¥]pcw.
12.hk¥≥ Fkv.sI., 2005, tIcf kwkvImc Ncn{X \nL≠p, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
13.kvIdnbm k°dnb (FUn), 1991 DZbwt]cq¿ kp∂ltZmkns‚ Imt\m\Iƒ, C¥y≥
C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v {InÃy≥ ÃUokv, Hmim\mau≠v tIm´bw.
14._meIrjvW≥, ]n.sI. 2007, PmXnhyhÿbpw tIcf Ncn{Xhpw, Un.kn_pIvkv, tIm´bw.
kp{_“Wy≥, F≥, 2005,kwLIme `cWkwhn[m\w, Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw
15.cmaN{µ≥, ]pXpt»cn, 2007, tIcfNcn{XØnse ASnÿm\ ineIƒ, tIcf`mjm
C≥Ãn‰yq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw.
16.\ºqXncn, F≥.Fw. 2003, tIcf kwkvImcw, AIhpw ]pdhpw, Imen°‰v k¿∆Iemime,
tImgnt°mSv.
17.tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v- ˛-- abqcinJ, tIcf`mjm C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw
18.tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v ˛A\¥Xbnte°p≈ ]mX, Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw
19.tKmhnµ∏n≈ ]n.˛ssh⁄m\nIhnπhw Hcpkmwkv I mcnINcn{Xw, tIcf`mjm
C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw

40
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 3 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3CMT05

Hcp Fgp-Øp-Imc≥ / Fgp-Øp-Imcn ˛ am[-hn-°p´n

kzmX-{¥y-Øn-s‚bpw k¿§m-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw Bhnjv°mc߃ sIm≠v ae-bm-f-
km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ Xs‚ km∂n[yw AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Ønb am[-hn-°p-´nsb a\- n-em-°pI. kzXzm-
hn-jvIm-c]
- c
- a
- mb {]tXy-IX
- I
- ƒ, Xpd-∂p-]d®nens‚ i‡nZu¿_-ey-߃, Imev]\ - n-IX
- bpw
Imev]-\n-Im`mhhpw sIm≠v k¶o¿Æ-amb BJym-\-co-Xn-Iƒ, A\p-`h I¿Xr-Xz-Øns‚
`n∂-h-gn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh a\- nem°pI.

samUyqƒ H∂v
IY ˛ hnj-bw ˛ BJym\w ˛ kzmX{¥yw ˛ ]co-£-W-߃ ˛ A\p-`-h-I¿Xr-Xzw.
1. {]`mXw
2. NXp-cwKw
3. AΩ
4. temIw Hcp Ih-bn-{Xnsb \n¿Ωn-°p-∂p.
5. tImemSv
6. ]£n-bpsS aWw.

samUyqƒ c≠v
IhnX ˛ Cw•ojv `mjm am[yaw ˛ `mh IhnX ˛ Imev]-\nI / AIm-ev]-\nI Xe-߃ ˛
G‰p-]-d-®n¬ ˛ kzXzm-hn-jvIm-c-Ønse sshcp-≤y-߃
1. GI-apJn
2. {]Ir-Xnbpw ]pcp-j\pw
3. XS-hp-Imcn
4. IrjvW≥
5. bm A√mlv
6. a[y-h-bkv
7. L\iymw
8. I¬°-´-bnse th\¬
9. hm°p-Iƒ, ]£n-Iƒ

3. samUyqƒ aq∂v
t\mh¬ ˛ t\mh-se‰v ˛ Fgp--Øp-coXn ˛]cnanXnIƒ˛hnjbw ˛ kmaq-ly-]-cX
1.- am-\kn
2.- A-h-km-\sØ AXnYn
3.- \-jvS-s∏´ \oemw-_cn

4.- sam-Uyqƒ \mev

Bfl-IY ˛kzXz-t_m[w ˛ Xpd-∂p-]-d-®n¬˛ kzmX-{¥yw ˛ IY-bm-I¬˛BJym\coXn
1.I¿°SIw (h¿j-߃°p ap≥]v)
2.Ip‰-hn-kvXmcw
3._mey-Im-e-kva-c-W-Iƒ.
4.Fs‚ IY (\mbmSnbpsS Ip´n, Is≠Øn°gn™n´n√mØ `qJfiw, ÿnchpw

41
 `{Zhpamb Hcp kvt\lØn\p th≠n, {ioIrjvW≥˛kv{XobpsS ]pcpj≥,
A‘ImcØns‚ c≠ma[ymbw F∂nh am{Xw)
klmb {KŸ-߃

1. am[-hn-°p´n IY-Iƒ ˛ hmeyw I & II ˛ Un.-kn.-_pIvkv tIm´-bw.

2. If¿tImSv hmkp-tZ-hs‚ Ah-Xm-cn-I-tbmSv IqSnb am[-hn-°p´nbpsS
IY-Iƒ, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
3. Fw.-cm-Po-hvIp-am-dns‚ ]T-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb am[-hn-°p-´n-bpsS IY-Iƒ ˛
kºq¿Æw, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
4. Fs‚ sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ ˛ am[-hn-°p´n ˛ amXr-`qan _pIvkv
5. sI´n-bn´ tImemSv ˛ am[-hn-°p´n ˛ Un.-kn.-_pIvkv, tIm´-bw.
6. hnjmZw ]q°p∂ ac-߃ ˛ am[-hn-°p´n ˛ kn\m-dntbm {]kv, Xr»q¿
7. kv{Xo]¿∆w ˛ tPm¨ {_n´mkv ˛ knØmc _pIvkv, Imb-¶pfw
8. am[-hn-°p-´n-bpsS {]W-b-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ ˛ Henhv ]ªn-tjgvkv
9. Ia-em-Zm-kns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ hnh¿Ø-\w, ]T\w ˛
F{_-lmw, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
10. i-co-c-Øn\v F{X Nnd-Ip-Iƒ (F-Un.)- F-{_-lmw, F®v & kn tIm´-bw.
11. Ia-em-Zm-kns‚ {]W-b-I-hn-X-Iƒ (hn-h.)- F-{_lmw, taL _pIvkv,
Nme-°p-Sn.
12. s]Æp-sIm-Ønb hm°p-Iƒ, imc-Z-°p-´n, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
13. F-gp-Øp-Im-cn-I-fpsS am[-hn-°p´n (F-Un.), kpP kqk≥ tPm¿÷v,
\mj-W¬ _pIvÃmƒ, tIm´-bw.
14. am[-hn-°p´n°Y-Iƒ ˛ s]¨hm-b\ (F-Un.) tUm.-an\n {]km-Zv,
Henhv ]ªn-tj-gvkv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.
15. Cc´ \mhp≈ a{¥-hm-Zn-\n, am[-hn-°p´n ]T-\߃, ayqkvtacn tPm¿÷v,
ssIcfn _pIvkv, IÆq¿, 2017
16. \jvS-s∏´ \mWbw (F-Un.) tUm.-kn-ÿ t\mb¬ tdmkv,
\mj-W¬ _pIvkv kv‰mƒ, tIm´-bw.
17. DS¬ IS∂v Bflm-hn-te-bv°v, ayqkv tacn tPm¿÷v, am[yaw BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v,
Pqsse 2013.
18. A£-chpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw, C-.hn.cma-Ir-jvW≥
19. Npgn-Iƒ, Nn∏n-Iƒ ˛ tUm.-hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW≥
20. hk-¥-Øns‚ Hcp Nn√, {Kojva-Øns‚bpw, ayqkv tacn tPm¿÷v, P\-bpKw
HmW-∏-Xn-∏v, 2011
21. amXr-`qan BgvN∏-Xn-∏v, `mjm-t]m-jnWn F∂n-h-bpsS am[-hn-°p-´n-
]-Xn-∏p-Iƒ, 2009.
22. kv{Xo, kzXzw, kaqlw˛am[hn°p´n ]T\߃, C.hn.cmaIrjvW≥, ]q¿Æm
]ªnt°j≥kv, tImgnt°mSv.
23. s]sÆgpXp∂ PohnXw, F≥.sI.cho{µ≥, amXr`qan _pIvk,v tImgnt°mSv.

42
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkpIƒ

\memw skaÿ

tIm¿

tIcfkwkvImcw ˛ DØcL´w

tImwπnsa‚dn

B[p\nI aebmf`mj

43
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 4 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4CRT04

tIcfkwkvImcw˛ DØcL´w
samUyqƒ H∂v:
A[n\nthihpw B[p\oIcWhpw˛B[p\nIcWØnse B¥csshcp≤y߃˛
{_n´ojv `cW ]cnjv I mcßfpw \mSphmgnØhpw˛PmXn_‘ßfpsS ZrVoIcWw
˛Nm∂m¿ Iem]w˛ PmXnhncp≤Xbpw anj\dn{]h¿Ø\ßfpw˛ae_m¿ Iem]߃˛
1921˛ XncphnXmw Iqdnsebpw sIm®nbnsebpw ]cnjvIcW߃˛ kzmXnXncp\mƒ˛
a[yh¿KØns‚ cwK{]thiw ˛tXm´w Irjn˛B[p\nI hn⁄m\Øns‚ cq]s∏S¬˛
B[p\nI KZyw, imkv{Xw XpSßnbhbpsS hf¿®.

samUyqƒ c≠v
\thm∞m\w˛\thm∞m\Øns‚ kmaqlymSnØd˛Cw•ojv hnZym`ymkw˛
A®Sn˛s]mXp afieØns‚ cq]oIcWw˛ ]pXnb kmlnXyP\p pIfpsS Bhn¿`mhw˛
`mjmt]mjnWn k`˛`mjm ]cnjv ° cWw˛kapZmb ]cnjv I cW {]ÿm\߃˛
Fkv.F≥.Un.]n.˛F≥.Fkv..Fkv., tbmKt£a k`, ]n.B¿.Un.Fkv.,km[pP\ ]cn]me\
kwLw˛Iogmf \thm∞m\hpw AXns‚ ]cnanXnIfpw˛ssh°w, Kpcphmbq¿, ]menbw
kXym{Kl߃, t£{X{]thi\w, IeIfnse ]cnWma߃˛bp‡nhmZ{]ÿm\hpw
bp‡nt_m[Øns‚ hym]\hpw˛cmPmchnh¿Ω˛anjWdn{]h¿Ø\hpw hn⁄m\
hym]\hpw˛ ⁄m\ \nt£]w, [\z¥cn XpSßnb amknIIƒ.

samUyqƒ aq∂v
\thm∞m\Øns‚ XpS¿®Iƒ˛ \nh¿Ø\{]tjm`w˛I¿jI {]ÿm\߃/
kac߃˛ P∑nhncp≤˛km{aPyXzhncp≤ apt∂‰ßƒ˛tZiob {]ÿm\w˛knhn¬ \nba
ewL\w˛ DØchmZ{]t£m`Ww˛Izn‰n¥ym kacw˛]p∂{]˛hbem¿˛Iøq¿˛Icn sh≈q¿˛
sFIytIcf {]ÿm\w˛tIcf kwÿm\ cq]oIcWw˛\thm∞m\ kmlnXyw˛
{KŸimem{]ÿm\hpw B[p\nIhn⁄m\Øns‚ hym]\hpw˛ am\hhmZw ssh⁄m
\nI ]{X{]h¿Ø\w˛ tIkcn.

samUyqƒ \mev
1957˛H∂mw a{¥nk`˛I¿jI _‘_n√pw hnZym`ymk _n√pw˛hntamN\
kacw˛]pXnb cm{„ob _‘ßfpsS cq]oIcWw˛Kƒ^v IpSntb‰w ˛tIcftamU¬:
anIhpIfpw ]cm[o\XIfpw˛Im¿jnI taJebpsS XI¿®bpw k¿∆okv taJebpsS
hf¿®bpw˛CSXv Xo{hhmZ{]ÿm\w˛Iebnse ]cnh¿Ø\߃ ssh⁄m\nI,
kwLS\Iƒ˛imkv{XkmlnXy]cn£Øv, tIm.`m. C≥Ãyq´q´v,B[p\nIXm{]ÿm\w˛
am[yaßfpsS hym]\w˛\ham[yaßfpw kwkv I mckzcq]hpw˛BtKmfhXv I c
Ww˛DØcm[q\nIkaqlhpw DØcm[p\nI kwkvImchhpw˛ hnhn[ ho£W߃
˛\hkmaqlnI {]ÿm\߃.

44
klmbI{KŸßƒ
KtWiv, sI.F≥. 1991 tIcfØns‚ C∂seIƒ, kmwkvImcnI {]kn≤oIcWhIp∏v ,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
tKm]meIrjvW≥, ]n.sI., 1991 tIcfØns‚ kmwkvImcnI Ncn{Xw, tIcf`mjm
C≥Ãn‰yq´v Xncph\¥]pcw.
KwKm[c≥ Sn.sI. 2007 tIcfw kwkvImchpw Ncn{Xhpw, Imen°‰v k¿∆Iemime
tImgnt°mSv.
\ºqXncn∏mSv, C.FwFkv., 1992k tIcfw kaqlhpw cm{„obhpw, Nn¥]ªntjgvkv,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
tKmhnµ∏n≈, ]n. 2004, tIcf\thm∞m\w am¿IvknÃv hojWØn¬, Nn¥]ªntjgvkv,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
{io[ctat\m≥,G, 2008 tIcfkwkvImcw, Un.kn._pIvkv tIm´bw.
{io[ctat\m≥ F. 2008, tIcfNcn{Xw Un.kn_pIvkv, tIm´bw.
]n≈ G.sI. 2988, tIm¨{K pw tIcfhpw, {]`mXv _pIvkv Xncph\¥]pcw.
\ºqXncn∏mSv C.Fw.Fkv. 1987, IΩyqWnÃv ]m¿´n tIcfØn¬, Nn¥]ªntjgvkv
Xncph\¥]pcw.
hk¥≥, Fkv.sI, 2005, tIcfNcn{XkwkvImc\nL≠p, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
Xncph\¥]pcw.
]Wn°¿ sI.F≥. 2004 ae_m¿ Iem]w {]`pXzØn\pw cmPXzØn\pw FXnsc,
Un.kn_pIvkv tIm´bw.
hnPb≥ Fw.F≥(FUn.) 2001, \ΩpsS kmlnXyw \ΩpsS kaqlw, tIcf kmlnXy
A°Zan, Xriq¿.
`mkvIc\pÆn, ]n.]sØmºXmw \q‰m≠nse tIcfw tIcfkmlnXy A°mZan Xr»q¿
t]m°¿, ]n.sI. 2002 B[p\ntImØcXbpsS tIcf ]cnkcw, \jW¬ _pIvÃmƒ
tIm´bw.
{ioIpam¿ Sn.Sn., Fkv. kµo]v (FUn), 2006 IY CXphsc:tIcf hnIk\ kw`mh\Iƒ,
Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw.
hnPbIpam¿ tat\m≥, 2004, chnh¿Ω, tIcf efnXIem A°mZan, Xr»q¿.
KtWiv sI.F≥. 2006 tIcfw C∂v \msf, tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv tImgnt°mSv
tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v- ˛-- abqcinJ, tIcf`mjm C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw
tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v ˛A\¥Xbnte°p≈ ]mX, Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw
tKmhnµ∏n≈ ]n.˛ssh⁄m\nIhnπhw Hcpkmwkv I mcnINcn{Xw, tIcf`mjm
C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw
tPm¿÷v sI.Fw., kmlnXy hn⁄m\hpw, hn⁄m\kmlnXyhpw kmlnXy{]h¿ØI
klIcWkwLw, tIm´bw 1983.
^nen∏v tPm¨ (tUm), `mjman{ikmlnXyw kØbpw LS\bpw, aebmfhn`mKw, tZhamX
tImtfPv , IpdhneßmSv, 2001.
sk≥ Fkv. F≥. kp_cmø∏ _n.hn. ,imkv{Xw C¥ybn¬ Hcp kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw
(hmeyw H∂v) hnjvWp\mcmbmW≥ \ºqXncn,Pn. sI. tat\m≥, kn.Pn. cmaN{µ≥\mb¿
sI.Fw. ]flPsI.Fkv . dmWm{]Xm]≥ (hnh¿ØI¿) tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
˛Xncph\¥]pcw, 1984
sk≥ Fkv. F≥. kp_cmø∏ _n.hn. imkv{Xw C¥ybn¬ Hcp kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw (hmeyw
c≠v ) dmWm{]Xm]≥, ]n‰n. `mkv ° c]Wn°¿, _n.kpKXIpamcn (hnh¿ØI¿)
tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v ˛Xncph\¥]pcw, 1984.

45
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 4 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4CMT06

B[p-\n-I-a-e-bm-f-`mj

19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØmsS hym]-I-am-bn-Øp-S-ßnb B[p-\n-I-tem-I-t_m-

[-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-`mj Hcm-[p-\n-I-`m-j-bmbn ]cn-W-an-®-Xns‚ hgn-Iƒ
At\z-jn-°p-I-bmWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw. `mj-bpsS ka-Im-enI hf¿®bpw sh√p-hn-
fn-Ifpw IqSn a\- n-em-°m≥ Dt±-in-®p-sIm-≠mWv tImgvkv cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
samUyqƒ I
\thm-∞m-\hpw amXr-`mj F∂ k¶-ev]\ - h
- pw-˛h
- n-hn[ kap-Zm-b]
- c
- n-jvIc
- W
- {- ]-ÿm-
\-ßfpw amXr-`m-j-bpw-˛-B-[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ amXr-`m-j-bpsS ]¶v ˛ anj-\-dn-amcpw
ae-bm-f-Øns‚ hnIm-khpw ˛ A®-Sn, ]{X-am-kn-I-Iƒ, KZyw.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. \m´p-`m-jm-hn-Zym-`ymkw ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿a
(F.-B-dns‚ Xnc-s™-SpØ {]_-‘-߃ ˛ cRvPn-a, amΩq-Sv, Nß-\m-t»cn).
2. ae-bm-f-`m-j-sb-°p-dn®v ˛ B¿®v Uo°≥ tImin
(anj-\-dn-a-e-bm-f-K-Zy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ˛ kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏-f-fn, F≥.-_n.-F-kv.).
3. BIm-i-\o¥w ˛ Kp≠¿´v
(tIc-tfm-Xv]-Ønbpw a‰pw ˛ FUn: kvIdnbm k°-dn-b, Un.-kn. _pIvkv).
samUyqƒ II
A®-Sn-bp-sSbpw ]{X-am-kn-II
- f
- p-sSbpw {]Nm-ct- ØmsS hym]-Ia
- m-bn-Øo¿∂ ]pXnb
BJym-\-cq-]-߃ ˛ t\mh¬, IY, bm{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww, \ncq-]Ww apX-em-bh ˛ ]mT-]p-kvX-
I-°-Ω-‰nbpw tIc-f-h¿a hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm\pw ˛ B[p\n-I-tem-I-t_m-[w, ssh⁄m-
\n-IX F∂n-hbpw ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpw.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. Cµp-te-J-bnse 18˛mw A[ym-bw,
2. Zzmc-I-˛-th-ß-bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b-\m¿.
3. `mjm-I-hnX ˛ kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥.
samUyqƒ III
hn⁄m-\-`mj F∂ \ne-bn¬ ae-bm-f-Øns‚ hf¿®. imkv{Xw, Ncn-{Xw, cm{„-
X{¥w apX-emb hnj-b-߃ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ \nL-≠p, kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw apX-em-b-h. D∂-
X-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw ae-bm-fhpw ˛ ae-bm-f-]-T\w _ncp-Z-˛-_n-cp-Zm-\-¥-c-˛-K-th-j-W-X-e-ß-fn¬.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. tIc-fo-b-Kp-cp-Ip-e-߃ ˛ F.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿
(AΩ-h-gn-t°-cfw ˛ tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-°m-Zan).
2. [qa-tIXp ˛ A∏≥X-ºp-cm≥
(sXc-s™-SpØ {]_-‘-߃ ˛ A∏≥X-ºp-cm≥, tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Zan).
3. i_vZ-Xm-cm-h-en-bpsS hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-]-cX ˛ Sn.-_n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿
(`mjm-temIw ˛ Un.-kn. _pIvkv.)

46
samUyqƒ IV
ae-bm-f-`m-jm-]-T\w ˛ Ncn-{Xw, kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw apX-emb hnj-b-ßfpw ae-bm-
f-hpw-˛-`-c-W-`m-j-˛-tIm-S-Xn-`m-j-˛-en-]n-]-cn-jvI-c-Ww-˛-Un-Pn-‰¬ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw ae-bm-f-
Øns‚ hf¿®-bpw.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS cq]-h-XvI-cWw: hkvXp-X-Ifpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw
˛ sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿ (`mj km-lnXyw hna¿i\w, Id‚ v_p-Ivkv, tIm´bw).
2. D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ymkw ˛ sI. tkXp-cm-a≥ (ae-bm-f-Øns‚ `mhn, amXr-`qan).
3. hn°n-]o-Un-bbpw ae-bm-fhpw ˛ hn.-sI. BZ¿iv.

klmbI{KŸßƒ

1. aebmfØns‚ `mhn˛ sI. tkXpcma≥

2. amXr`mjbv°pth≠nbp≈ kacw˛ ]n.]hn{X≥
3. `mj\ho\ ]T\hgnIƒ˛(FUn) kn_ptamSbn¬
4. a\ ns‚ A]tImf\oIcWw ˛ KqKn hm XntbmwKn
5. G.Bdns‚ sXcs™SpØ {]_‘߃
6. \ΩpsS `mj˛ C.Fkv.Fkv.
7. C\n hmb\ C hmb\ ˛ hn.sI.BZ¿iv

47
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, Hm∏¨ tImgvkpIƒ

A©mw skaÿ

tIm¿
]cnÿnXn hn⁄m\hpw a\pjymhImi]T\hpw
kmlnXyaoamwk
sNdpIY, t\mh¬
`mjmimkv{Xw
Hm∏¨
]{X{]h¿Ø\w
am[ya]T\w
Ne®n{XmkzmZ\hpw Xnc°YmcN\bpw

48
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5CRT05

]cnÿnXnhn⁄m\hpw a\pjymhImi]T\hpw
Z¿i\w
1. ]cnÿnXn imkv{XØns‚bpw ]T\Øns‚bpw {]m[m\yw X¿°an√mØXmWv.
2. A`wKpchnIk\Øns‚ BhiyIXbmWv a\pjyhwiØns‚ `{Zamb `mhnbpsS
Xmt°m¬
3. C∂pw \ne\nev°p∂ aeo\oIcW{]iv\ßfpw Jcamen\y\n¿Ωm¿÷\hpw
]cnÿnXn A[x]X\hpw kmºØnI Dev]mZ\tijnbpw cm{„kpc£mhnjbßfpw
BtKmfXm]\hpw Hmtkm¨]mfnIfpsS timjWhpw ssPhsshhn[yØnep≈
\„hpw F√mw Xs∂ \sΩ ]mcnÿnXnI hnjbßfpsS {]k‡n
t_m[ys∏SpØp∂p.
4. 1992˛¬ dtbmhn¬ \S∂ sFIycm{„k`bpsS ]cnÿnXn˛hnIk\ktΩf\hpw
2002˛¬ sPmlm\kv _¿Kn¬ \S∂ A`wKpchnIk\sØ∏‰nbp≈ temIktΩf\hpw
\ΩpsS {i≤sb ]cnÿnXn t\cnSp∂ \ioIcWhn]Ønte°v Xncn®phnSp∂p.
5. hfsc hy‡amb HcpImcyw, ]mcnÿnXnI hnjbßsf°pdn®p≈ A⁄X Hcp
temI]uc\pw sh®p]pe¿Øm≥ ]mSn√ F∂XmWv.
ssPh sshhn[yØns‚ ImcyØn¬ hfsc kº∂amb Hcp cm{„amWv C¥y. ]eXcw
hn`h߃ Cu sshhn[yØn¬ \n∂pw \ap°v e`yamWv.

F∂m¬ temIamsIbp≈ IW°\pkcn®v 1.7 Zie£w PohPmeßsf am{Xta

imkv{Xw h¿§oIcn®v thdn´v hnhcn®n´p≈q. C\nbpw Hcp]mSv PohPmeßsf h¿§o
Icnt°≠Xmbn´p≠v. Chsb√mw Xs∂ ex-situ, in-situ {Iaßfn¬ kwc£n°m\p≈
{iaßfpw \S∂phcp∂p≠v. Cu kmlNcyØnemWv C¥yt]mep≈ ssPhsshhn[y
kº∂amb cmPyßfn¬ _u≤nIkzØhImi\nba߃ {]k‡amIp∂Xv. KW]camb
D]tbmKkhntijXIfp≈ arKßsfbpw kkyßsfbpw kq£v a mWp°sfbpw
kwc£n°p∂Xn\p th≠nbmWnXv.
hmkÿe\ioIcWhpw Du¿÷t{kmX pIfpsS AanXD]tbmKhpw ]mcnÿnXnI
aen\oIcWhpw IqSnt®¿∂v Hcp]mSv PohPmeßsf `qanbn¬ \n∂v XpS®p \o°nbn´p≠v.
XpS¿∂pw Hcp]mSv PohPme߃ kao]`mhnbn¬ A{]Xy£amIpsa∂ `ojWnbpw
\ne\n¬°p∂p. CusbmcpkmlNcyØn¬ t]mepw \ΩpsS ]mTy]≤XnIfn¬
]mcnÿnXnI]T\߃°v th≠{X Du∂¬ e`n®n´n√. CXp IW°nseSpØpsIm≠mWv
D∂XhnZym`ymkØns‚ F√mXeßfnepw ]cnÿnXn ]T\w Hcp ASnÿm\hnjbambn
Dƒs∏SpØWsa∂v _lp kp{]owtImSXn bq.Pn.kn°p \n¿t±iw \¬Ip∂Xv.
CXns‚ NphSp]nSn®mWv C¥ybnse F√m k¿∆IemimeIfnepw tImtfPpIfnepw
Bdpamkw ssZ¿Lyap≈ ]cnÿnXn ]T\tIm¿samUyqƒ tImgvkv \n¿∫‘ambpw
D≠mbncn°Wsa∂v bp.Pn.kn. \njvI¿jn°p∂Xv.
a\pjymhImi]T\w Dƒs∏sS A©v samUyqfpIfmWv ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬ D≠mhpI.
BZyc≠v samUypfpIƒ bq.Pn.kn.\n¿t±i߃ A\pkcn®p≈ ]cnÿnXn ]T\amWv.
XpS¿∂p≈ c≠v samUyqfpIƒ AXXp sFOnI]mTyhnjbßfpambn _‘s∏SpØn
hnIkn∏ns®Spt°≠XpamWv. A©masØ samUyqƒ a\pjymhImisa∂ hnjbsØ
A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂p.

49
e£y߃
1. ]cnÿnXn]T\hpw, ]cnÿnXnI kw`hßfpw F¥psIm≠v, Fßs\
DcpØncnbp∂psh∂v At\zjn°m\pw AXn¬ KthjWw sNøm\pw hnZym¿∞nIsf
t{]m’mln∏n°p∂p; k¶o¿Æamb ]mcnÿnXnIhnjbßsf°pdn®v kz¥amb
Xocpam\ßfnseØm≥ Bhiyamb hna¿i\mflIhpw {InbmflIhpamb hniIe\
IgnhpIƒ cq]oIcn°m\pw hnIkn∏n°\pw CØcw ]T\߃ hnZym¿∞nIsf
klmbn°p∂p. CXphgn ]cnÿnXn t_m[yap≈ ]pXnb Xeapdsb (D]t`m‡m°ƒ,
sXmgnemfnIƒ, \nba\n¿ΩmXm°ƒ) hm¿sØSp°m≥ km[n°pw.
2. XßfpsS Xocpam\ßfpw {]hrØnIfpw Fßs\ ]cnÿnXnsb _m[n°p∂psh∂v
hnZym¿∞nIsf t_m[h¬°cn°m\pw ]cnÿnXnI{]iv \ ßsf ]cnlmcn°m\pw
Bhiyamb ⁄m\hpw I¿Ω]cn]mSnIfpw CXphgn hnIkn∏ns®Sp°m\mIpw.
A`wKpchpw BtcmKyIchpamb ]cnÿnXn`mhnbnepw \ne\n¬°p∂Xn\pth≠n
kv]„amb aqeyt_m[߃ hnZym¿∞nIfn¬ hf¿ØnsbSp°m\pamIpw.
3. a\pjy\pw ]cnÿnXnbpw XΩnep≈ ASnÿm\]camb _m‘hw hnZym¿∞nIfn¬
Bib]cambn Dd∏ns®Sp°m\pw AXphgn {]IrXntbbpw {]IrXnhn`hßtfbpw
kwc£n°pI F∂ ZuXyØns‚ {]k‡n Ahcnte°v ]I¿∂p sImSp°m\pw BIpw.
4. ]cnÿnXn ]cn]me\w Hcp kmaqlnI ISabmsW∂ t_m[w hnZym¿∞nIfn¬
hf¿ØnsbSp°m\mIpw.

samUyqƒ 1
bqWn‰v ˛1 ]cnÿnXn]T\Øns‚ _lphn⁄m\ob kz`mhw
\n¿∆N\߃˛km[yXIfpw {]m[m\yhpw˛ kmaqlnIAht_m[Øns‚ BhiyIX˛
2 aWn°q¿
bqWn‰v ˛2 {]IrXnZØ hn`h߃
]p\cp≤cn°mhp∂Xpw A√mØXpamb hn`h߃˛{]IrXnZØhn`hßfpw
A\p_‘{]iv\ßfpw
F)h\hn`hw˛D]tbmKhpw AanXNqjWhpw˛ h\\ioIcWw˛acwsh´¬˛J\\w˛
AWs°´pIfpw Ah aqew ImSpIƒ°pw BZnhmknIƒ°pw D≠mIp∂ {]iv\߃ (tIkv
]T\w).
_n) Pehn`h߃˛ D]cnXe Pet{kmX pIfpsSbpw `qK¿`Pet{kmXkpIfpsSbpw D]
tbmKhpw AanX D]tbmKhpw˛{]fbw˛hcƒ®˛PekwL¿jw˛ AWs°´pIƒ: KpW߃,
tZmj߃ (tIkv ]T\w)
kn)[mXphn`h߃˛D]tbmKhpw NqjWhpw [mXphn`hßfpsS J\\hpw D]tbmKhpw
kr„n°p∂ ]mcnÿnXnI `hnjyØpIƒ (tIkv ]T\w).
Un) `£yhn`h߃˛ Irjn aqeap≠mIp∂ temI`£yhyXnbm\ßfpw {]iv\ßfpw˛
AanXamb ]p¬ta®n¬˛ B[p\nIIrjnbpsS A\¥c^e߃˛ hfßfpw
IoS\min\nIfpw aqeap≈ {]iv\߃˛ sh≈s°´v˛PeehWXzw(tIkv ]T\w)
C)Du¿÷hn`h߃˛ hn¿≤n®phcp∂ Du¿÷ BhiyIX˛]p\cp≤cn°mhp∂Xpw
A√mØXpamb Du¿÷t{kmXkpIƒ˛ _Z¬ Du¿÷t{kmX pIƒ (tIkv ]T\w)
F^v) a¨ hn`h߃˛ aÆv hn`hamIptºmƒ˛aÆv A]I¿jn°¬ a\pjyt{]cnX
aÆnSn®n¬˛ acph¬°cWw (tIkv ]T\w)
{]IrXn hn`hkwc£WØn¬ hr‡nIfpsS ]¶v
Xpeyhn`hhn`P\hpw \ne\n¿Ømhp∂ PohnXssienIfpw 10 aWn°q¿
bqWn‰v 3 ]cnÿnXnhyqlw˛]cnÿnXn hyqlw F∂ Bibw˛AXns‚ LS\bpw
{]h¿Ø\hpw ˛Dev ] mZI¿, D]t`m‡m°ƒ, hnLSo`hn∏n°p∂h¿˛]cnÿnXn
hyqlØnse Du¿÷ Hgp°pIƒ ˛]cnÿnXnhyqlØns‚ XpS¿®Iƒ˛`£y®ßeIƒ˛

50
`£yheIƒ˛]mcnÿnXnI]ncanUpIƒ: XcwXncnhpIƒ, KW߃, khntijkz`mh
߃ h\]cnÿnXn hyqlØns‚ LS\bpw {]h¿Ø\hpw 6 aWn°q¿

samUyqƒ ˛2
bqWn‰v˛1 ssPhsshhn[yhpw ssPhsshhn[y kwc£Whpw˛{]mcw` AhXcWw˛
C¥ybpsS ssPh˛`qanimkv { Xh¿§oIcWw˛ ssPhsshhn[yØns‚ aqeyw˛
D]t`mKtI{µnXhpw DXv∏mZ\ tI{µnXhpamb D]tbmK߃˛kmaqlnIhpw [m¿ΩnIhpw
{InbmflIhpamb aqeykm[yXIƒ˛C¥yHcp _rlZv sshhn[ycmPyw F∂
\nebn¬˛ssPhsshhn[yØns‚ Xo®qfIƒ(Hotspot)˛ ssPhsshhn[yw t\cnSp∂
`ojWnIƒ˛ Bhmkÿe\ioIcWw˛ A\[nIrX h\yarKth´bmS¬˛
a\pjy˛h\yarKkwL¿j߃˛ C¥ybn¬ hwi\mi`ojWn t\cnSp∂ arKßfpw
]£nIfpw kkyßfpw 8 aWn°q¿
bqWn‰v 2˛ ]cnÿnXnaen\oIcWw ˛ \n¿∆N\߃˛aen\oIcWØns‚ ImcW߃,
`hnjyØpIƒ, \nb{¥W \S]SnIƒ: hmbpaen\oIcWw, Peaen\oIcWw, aÆv aen\o
IcWw, kap{Zaen\oIcWw, i–aen\oIcWw, Xm]aen\oIcWw, BWhA]IS߃.
Jcamen\y\n¿Ωm¿÷\w˛\mKcnIhpw hymhkmbnIhpamb amen\yDev]mZ\Øns‚
ImcWhpw `hnjyØpw \nb{¥W\S]SnIfpw˛amen\y\nhmcWØn¬ hy‡nIfpsS ]¶v
(aen\oIcW tIkv ]T\w).
Zpc¥\nhmcWw˛{]fbw, `qNe\w, Npgen°m‰v, aÆnSn®n¬. 8 aWn°q¿
bqWn‰v ˛3 ]cnÿnXnbpw kmaqlnIhnjbßfpw ˛Du¿÷t{kmX pIfpambn _‘s∏´
\mKcnI {]iv\߃˛ Pekwc£Ww˛agsh≈ kw`cWw˛ sh≈s°´v \nb{¥Ww˛
P\ßsf am‰n ]m¿∏n°epw ]p\c[nhmkhpw˛Bi¶Iƒ {]iv\߃ (tIkv ]T\w).
]mcnÿnXnI \oXnt_m[w˛ hnjbßfpw ]cnlmckm[yXIfpw˛ Imemhÿm
hyXnbm\w˛BtKmfXm]\w˛Aæag˛ Hmtkm¨]mfnIfpsS \miw˛ BWhA]ISßfpw
Zpc¥ßfpw (tIkv ]T\w)
D]t`mKkwkvImchpw amen\y]Zm¿∞ßfpw ˛]cnÿnXn kwc£W\nbaw ˛h\yPohn
kwc£W\nbaw˛h\kwc£W\nbaw˛ ]mcnÿnXnI \nba\n¿ΩnXnbpw \S∏nem°epw
˛{]iv\ßfpw s]mXpt_m[hqw 10 aWn°q¿.

tamUyqƒ 3
ImenI{]k‡hpw cm{„obNn¥ , kuµcyimkv{Xw, kmlnXyZ¿i\w, kmaqlnI
hnjb߃ F∂nhsb kzm[o\n°p∂Xpamb ]cnÿnXn t_m[w ˛2 teJ\߃
1. ]cnÿnXn kuµcyimkv{XØn\v Hcp apJhpc˛Sn.]n. kpIpamc≥
2. ]cnÿnXn emhWyimkv{Xw Hcp ZnimkqNnI ˛Un.hn\bN{µ≥
(Cu teJ\߃ lcnX\ncq]Ww aebmfØn¬ F∂ ]pkvXIØnep≠v)10 aWn°q¿.

samUyqƒ ˛4
]mcnÿnXnI kwthZ\hpw ]T\hpw 2 teJ\w
1. CZw \ aax ˛\tc{µ{]kmZv (lcnX\ncq]Ww aebmfØn¬)
2.t\m¿shbn¬ \n∂pw Hcp ]¿hXkvXhw˛Bjmtat\m≥ (Jm¬kbpsS PekvarXnIƒ)
10 aWn°q¿.
samUyqƒ˛5
a\pjymhImi߃
bqWn‰v ˛1 AhXcWw˛ A¿∞w˛Bibw˛Bibhn]peoIcWw
a\pjymhImit_m[Øns‚ aq∂pXeapdIƒ˛]ucmhImi߃, cm{„obmhImi߃,
kmºØnImhImi߃, kmaqlnImhImi߃,kmwkvImcnImhImi߃.

51
bqWn‰v ˛2
a\pjymhImißfpw sFIycm{„kwLS\bpw˛ sFIycm{„kwLS\bpsS
kw`mh\Iƒ˛sFIycm{„kwLS\bpsS {][m\s∏´ a\pjymhImikw_‘nbmb
ÿm]\߃˛bqs\kvtIm, bqWnsk^v, U_yqF®v. H., sF.F¬.H.˛kv{XoIsfbpw
Ip´nIsfbpw kw_‘n® {]Jym]\߃˛a\pjymhImisØ kw_‘n® km¿∆euInI
{]Jym]\߃˛ a\pjymhImi [mcWIfpw C¥ybpw˛C¥y≥ `cWLS\bpw
auenImhImißfpw˛kv { XoIfpsSbpw Ip´nIfpsSbpw AhImi߃˛]´nIPmXn
]´nIh¿§ a‰p ]nt∂m°kapZmb߃ ˛\yq\]£ kapZmb߃.

bqWn‰v ˛3
a\pjymhImihpw ]cnÿnXnbpw˛ip≤]cnÿnXne`yXmhImiw˛ s]mXpkpc£
AhImiw˛ hymhkmbnI aen\oIcW{]iv\߃
\hkmt¶XnIhnZyIfpambn _‘s∏´ A]ISkm[yXIfpw {]cntcm[\S]SnIfpw
kpc£m\S]SnIfpw ]p\c[nhmk\S]SnIfpw a‰pw
{]IrXnZØ hn`hkwc£Whpw a\pjymhImihpw˛\bcq]oIcWdnt∏m¿´pIƒ
(tIkv ]T\w)
]›naL´kwc£Whpambn _‘s∏´hnjb߃˛ KmUvKn¬ IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´v,
Ikv X pcncwK≥ IΩ‰n dnt∏m¿´v ˛`qK¿`Pehn`hßfpsS AanXNqjWw˛ aW¬
J\\w˛kap{Za’y_‘\{]iv\߃ 8 aWn°q¿
Ct‚W¬
^o¬Uv h¿°v ˛
1 {]mtZinIXeØn¬ km[mcW ImWs∏Sp∂ InfnIsfbpw {]mWnItfbpw kky
ßsfbpw Ipdn®p≈ ]T\w
2. eLp]cnÿnXnhyql]T\w˛Ipf߃,\ZnIƒ, aes©cnhpIƒ XpSßnbh
3. {]mtZinIamb ]mcnÿnXnI hnhctiJcWØn\pw t{ImUoIcWØn\pw th≠nbp≈
]T\bm{XIƒ˛ ]p¬taSpIƒ, Ip∂pIƒ, aeIƒ.
4.{]mtZinIambn aen\oIcn°s∏´ Hcp ÿetØ°v ]T\bm{X(\mKcnIw, {KmaoWw,
hyhkmb ÿm]\߃, IrjnbnS߃)
(^o¬Uv h¿°v 5 eIvN¿ aWn°pdn\p XpeyamWv)
A[yb\coXn
1. ¢mkv dqw ]T\hpw ^o¬Uv h¿°pw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv Cu ]mTy]≤Xn. 72
eIvN¿aWn°qdpIƒ Dƒs∏SpØn hn`mh\w sNbvXncn°p∂ 5 samUyqfpIƒ: BZysØ
2 samUyqfpIƒ A`ncpNn cq]oIcWØn\pw ASnÿm\ ⁄m\w B¿÷n°p∂Xn\pw
th≠nbp≈ 44 eIvN¿ aWn°qdpIfmWv. aq∂pw \mepw samUyqfpIƒ 20 eIvN¿
aWn°qdpIfneqsS A¥¿ssh⁄m\nIhnIk\w e£yanSp∂p. A©masØ samUyqƒ
8 eIv N ¿ aWn°pdpIfneqsS a\pjymhImiw F∂ BibsØ hniZoIcn°m≥
{Ias∏SpØnbn´p≈XmWv.
2. ¢mkv apdnIfn¬ \n∂pw ]pdtØ°pt]mbp≈ ^o¬Uv ]T\w F∂ LSIw
Ct‚Wens‚ `mKambn Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv CØcw ]T\bm{XIfpsS kaImenI
{]k‡nbnepw AXns‚ Imcy£aXbnepw D≈ Dd® hnizmkw sIm≠mWv. eIvN¿
¢m pItfmfw {]m[m\yw Ch A¿ln°p∂p. CØcw CSs]SepIfn¬ A[ym]I¿ shdpw
{]tNmZ\ ZmXm°fpw hymJym\ZmXm°fpw am{XamsW∂v FSpØp]dtb≠Xn√t√m.
3 Cu ]mTy]≤XnbpsS \SØn∏pambn _‘s∏´v bqWnthgvkn‰nIƒ°pw
tImtfPpIƒ°pw ]pdØp\n∂pw hnZKv[cpsS eIvNdpIfpw A\p_‘klmbßfpw
tXSmhp∂XmWv.

52
klmbI{KŸßƒ
]cnÿnXn-˛imkv{Xobho£Ww˛Hcp kwLwteJI¿
Ct°ms^an\nkw, Ct°mSqdnkw,am¿Ivknkw˛F≥.Fw. ]ntbgvk¨
lcnXZ¿i\w B[p\nIm\¥cIhnXbn¬ ˛kn.B¿ {]kmZv
lcnX\ncq]Ww aebmfØn¬ ˛Pn. a[pkqZ\≥
IYbpw ]cnÿnXnbpw˛Pn. a[pkqZ\≥
]cnÿnXn kuµcyimkv{XØn\v Hcp apJhpc˛ Sn.]n. kpIpamc≥

ENGLISH BOOKS

1. Bharucha Erach, Text Book of Environmental Studies for undergraduate Courses.

University Press, IInd Edition 2013 (TB)
2. Clark.R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford (Ref)
3. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T.2001 Environmental
Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House. Mumbai. 1196p .(Ref)
4. Dc A.K.Enviornmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(Ref)
5. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment (Ref)
6. Heywood, V.H & Watson, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment, Cambridge
University Press 1140pb (Ref)
7. Jadhav.H & Bhosale.V.M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya
Pub. House, Delhi 284p (Ref)
8. Mekinney, M.L & Schock.R.M. 1996 Environmental Science Systems & Solutions.
Web enhanced edition 639p (Ref)
9. Miller T.G. Jr., Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB)
10. Odum.E.P 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA 574p (Ref)
11. Rao.M.N & Datta.A.K. 1987 Waste Water treatment Oxford & IBII Publication
Co.Pvt.Ltd.345p (Ref)
12. Rajagopalan. R, Environmental Studies from crisis and cure, Oxford University
Press, Published: 2016 (TB)
13. Sharma B.K., 2001. Environmental Chemistry. Geol Publ. House, Meerut (Ref)
14. Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon, Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell
Science (Ref)
15. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules Guidelines, Compliances
and Stadards, Vol I and II, Enviro Media (Ref)
16. Trivedi R. K. and P.K. Goel, Introduction to air pollution, Techno-Science
Publication (Ref)
17. Wanger K.D., 1998 Environmental Management. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia,
USA 499p (Ref)
18. (M) Magazine (R) Reference (TB) Textbook

53
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5CRT06

kmln-Xy-aoamwk
]T-t\m-t±iyw
`mc-Xo-bhpw `mc-Xo-tb-X-c-hp-amb kuµ-cy-Z¿i-\-߃, kmln-Xy-kn-≤m-¥-߃ F∂n-h-
sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-⁄m\w t\SpI ˛ kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-Øn\v kmlnXy]T\ taJ-e-bn-
ep≈ {]m[m\yw ˛ Iesb kw_-‘n®pw k¿§m-fl-I-Xsb kw_-‘n®pw hyXykvX tI{µ-
ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-h∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ˛ Ahsb kzm[o-\n® XXz-Nn-¥-Iƒ, cmjv{So-b-t_m[w
XpS-ßn-bh \n¿≤m-cWw sNøpI ˛ AXn-ep-]-cn, ssk≤m-¥n-I-hy-h-lm-c-߃°v kmln-
Xy-]-T-\-Øn-ep≈ {]m[m\yw Xncn-®-dn-bpI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw.

A©p samUyq-fp-I-fmWv Cu t]∏-dn-\p-≈Xv

samUyqƒ 1
Ihn-˛-Im-hyw-˛-I-hn-{]-Xn-`, cN-bn-Xm-hn-s‚bpw A\p-hm-N-I-s‚bpw ]£Øp \n∂p-
sIm-≠p≈ \n¿∆-N-\-߃ ˛ Ae-¶m-c-imkv{Xw ˛ Imhym-e-¶m-c-߃ F∂ k¶¬∏w ˛
{][m-\-s∏´ `mc-Xob Be-¶m-cn-I-∑m¿ ˛ hrØ-imkv{Xw ˛ {Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ßfpw kwkvIr-
X-hr-Ø-ß-fpw.
{Zmhn-U-Im-hy-imkv{Xw ˛ XnW-k-¶¬∏w ˛ kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-Xhpw `qan-im-kv{X-]-cn-
I¬∏-\-I-fp-ambn CW-ßnb Imhy-k-¶¬∏w.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v
Ae¶mc߃
D]a DXvt{]-£, cq]Iw (km-taym‡n hn`m-Kw)
cq]-Im-Xn-i-tbm-‡n, Dt√-Jw, hnti-tjm-‡n (A-Xn-i-tbm-‡n-hn`m-Kw)
kz`mthm‡n, A¿∞m-]-Øn, A¿∞m-¥-c-\ymkw (hmkvXthm-‡n-hn`m-Kw)
A\p-{]m-kw, ZznXo-bm-£-c-{]m-kw, BZn-{]mkw, baIw (i-_vZm-e-¶mc {]I-c-Ww)
hrØ-߃
hk-¥-Xn-e-Iw, aµm-{Imµ (k-a-hr-Ø-߃)
hntbm-Kn-\n, ]pjv]n-Xm{K (A¿≤-k-a-hr-Ø-߃)
`mjm-hr-Ø-{]-I-c-W-Øn¬ (hr-Ø-a-RvP-cn) ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ apgp-h≥ hrØ-ßfpw
(`m-jm-`q-j-Ww, hrØ-a-RvPcn F∂nh B[mc {KŸ-߃)
XnW-k-¶¬]w ˛ tUm. sI. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿
(C-¥y≥ kmln-Xy-kn-≤m¥w {]k-‡nbpw km[y-Xbpw F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ]Ømw
A≤ymbw, {]km: tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

samUyqƒ ˛2
ckw, ck-\n¿∆-N\w ˛ ck-kq{Xw ˛ ck-ßfpw ÿmbo-`m-h-ßfpw ˛ `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mSy-
im-kv{Xw, A`n-\-h-Kp-]vXs‚ hymJym\w ˛ i_vZ-i-‡n-Iƒ ˛ A`n-[- e-£W hyRvP\.
[z\n-k-¶¬∏w ˛ [z\n-t`-Z-߃ ˛ hkvXp-[z\n Ae-¶mc [z\n, ck-[z\n

54
hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v
\mSy-im-kv{X-Ønse ck-hn-Nmcw
(`m-c-Xob kmln-Xy-Z¿i-\w, NmØ-\mØv ANyp-X-\p-Æn. {]km: h≈-tØmƒ hnZym-]o-Tw)
i_vZm¿∞-{]-I-cWw (`m-jm-`q-j-Ww, F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω)
[z\n (Im-hy-]o-Tn-I, tPmk^v ap≠-ti-cn)

samUyqƒ ˛3
bh-\N- n-¥I
- f
- n¬em-cw-`n®v Imev]\
- n-IL
- ´- w-hs
- c-bp≈ {][m-\s
- ∏´ Imhy-Z¿i-\ß
- ƒ
hni-Z-ambn Cu samUyq-fn¬ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-I-Ww.
Imhyw, Imhy-{]-tbm-P-Iw, `mh-\, {]t_m-[m-fl-IX F∂nh kw_-‘n®v tπt‰m,
Acn-tÃm-´n¬ F∂n-h-cpsS Z¿i\w ˛ {SmP-Un, IYm¿kn-kv.
DZm-ØX ˛ temwKn-\k - v. Imhy-`m-jsb kw_-‘n®v Umt‚-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw. hneyw
th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ endn-°¬ _me-Uvkns‚ Ah-Xm-cnI
klm-b-I{KŸw :
]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥. {]km: Un.-kn. _pIvkv

samUyqƒ 4
A¥¿⁄m\w _\-UnIvt‰m t{Ims® ˛ amXyp A¿t\mƒUns‚ The Study of Poetry ˛
ip≤-I-em-hm-Zw. Ie Iebv-°p-th≠n ˛ HmkvIm¿ ssh¬Uv, hmƒ´¿ t]‰¿. am¿Ivkn-b≥
kuµ-cy-Z¿i\w ˛ ASn-Ød ta¬∏pc k¶¬∏w. dnb-en-kw, \mNz-d-en-kw. Sn.-F-kv. Fen-
b´v ˛ ]mc-º-cym-h-t_m-[hpw k¿K-{]-Xn-`bpw ˛ sshb-‡n-I-X-bn¬\n-∂p≈ hntam-N\w
˛ kmln-Xy-Ønse B[p-\n-I-Xm-hmZw ˛ AkvXn-Xz-Z¿i-\w, \ntj-[w, iq\y-Xm-hmZw F∂o
k¶-ev]-߃.
klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃
]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w, Fw. ANyp-X≥. {]km: Un.-kn.- _pIvkv
hniz-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i-\-߃, s\√n-°¬ apc-fo-[-c≥. {]km: Un.-kn. _pIvkv

samUyqƒ 5
DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-L´w ˛ LS-\m-hm-Zm-\-¥-c-Nn-¥-Iƒ ˛ `mjm-im-kv{Xhpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ LS-
\m-hmZw A]-\n¿Ωm-Ww, Nn”-hn-⁄m-\obw ˛ DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ temXym¿ t_m{Zn-bm¿,
s{^U-dnIv Pbnw-k¨ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS \n¿∆-N-\-߃ ˛ tImf-\n-b-\-¥c kmln-Xy-k-ao-
]-\-߃ ˛ kmln-Xy-Ønse ZenXv ]cn-ÿnXn kv{XohmZ kzXz ]cn-I-ev]-\-Iƒ ˛ ]pXnb
kuµ-cy-imkv{X \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ.
klm-b-{K-Ÿ-߃
B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmln-Xy-k-ao-]-\-߃, FUn: kn.-sP. tPm¿Pv. {]km: _p°vthw, Xriq¿
B[p-\n-Im-\-¥-c-X-bpsS tIc-fo-b-]-cn-k-cw, ]n.-sI. t]m°¿. Un.-kn. _pIvkv
DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX h¿Ø-am-\hpw hwim-h-en-bpw, sI.-]n. A∏≥, Un.-kn. _pIvkv

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃
1. \mSy-im-kv{Xw ˛`c-X-ap-\n. hymJym\w ˛sI.-]n.- \m-cm-bW ]njm-cSn
2. B\-µ-h¿≤\s‚ [z\ym-temIw. hymJym\w ˛kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xncn
3. ap≠-t»-cn-bpsS IrXn-Iƒ ˛ tPmk^v ap≠-ticn
4. C¥y≥ kmln-Xy-kn-≤m¥w {]k-‡nbpw km[y-Xbpw ˛
tUm. sI. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿
5. hrØ-a-RvPcn ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω
6. `mjm-`q-jWw ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

55
7. ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy -Z¿i\w ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥
8. ]m›mXykmlnXy XXz-imkv{Xw ˛ sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥
9. tIk-cn-bpsS kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-߃ ˛ tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈
10. Xnc-kv°mcw ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥
11. Ie-lhpw hnizm-khpw ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥
12. hniz-km-lnXy Z¿i-\-߃ ˛ s\√n-°¬ apc-fo-[-c≥
13. `mc-Xob kmln-Xy-Z¿i\w ˛ NmØ-\mØv ANyp-X-\pÆn

56
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5CRT07

sNdpIY, t\mh¬
K-Zy-km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚ h-f¿-®-bv-°v Im-c-W-am-b \n-ch-[n P-\- p-I-fn¬ sN-dp-I-Y-bp-sSbpw
t\m-h-en-s‚bpw ]-¶v˛K-Zy-km-lnXyØn-s‚ h-f¿-®-bp-sS hnhn-[ L-´-߃ ˛ an-j\-dn t\m-h-
ep-Iƒ ˛ ]-{X-am-kn-IIƒ ˛ ]-cn-`m-j-Iƒ ˛ hn-hn-[-`m-jm t\m-h-ep-I-fp-sSkzm-[o-\w ˛ N-cn-
{X-]-c-hpw kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hpam-b am-‰-߃ ˛ ]-co-£-W-߃˛k-amen-I km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ G-
sd N¿-®- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂ Z-enXv, kv-{Xo, ]-cn-ÿn-Xn F-∂n-h-bp-sS A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ
˛ k-a-Imen-I {]k-‡n Xp-S-ßn-b-h B-g-Øn¬ Nn-¥n-°m\pw A-t\z-jn-°m\pw hn-Zym¿-
∞nI-sf \-bn°p-I F-∂ e-£y-tØm-sS-bmWv Cu ]mTy-]≤-Xn X-øm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv.
sam-Uyq-ƒ˛1
B-ZyIm-e K-Zyw˛A-®-Sn˛hm-b\˛t\m-h¬ P-\p- v˛B-ZyIme t\m-h-ep-Iƒ ˛N-cn-{X t\m-h-
ep-Iƒ˛km-aqlnI t\m-h-ep-Iƒ˛Z-enXv ]cn-t{]£yw.
hn-i-Z-]T-\-Øn-\v
H.N-¥pta-t\m≥ ˛ C-µpteJ (]p-Xn-b-]-Xn∏v)
t]m-tØ-cnIp™-ºp ˛ k-c-kz-XohnPbw

sam-Uyq-ƒ˛2
B-[p\n-I a-ebmf t\m-h¬ ˛ t\m-h¬ c-N-\-bnepw k-t¶-X-Øn-epw h-∂ am-‰-߃ ˛ kv{Xo
ap-t∂-‰-߃ ˛ kv{Xo ]-£ c-N-\-Iƒ ]m-cn-ÿnXn-I kv{Xohm-Zw ˛ s]-sÆ-gp-Øn-s‚ kPo-
h km-∂n-[y-߃ ˛ enw-K-cm-{„o-bw ˛ Iogm-f {]-Xy-b-im-kv{Xw
hn-i-Z-]T-\-Øn\v
H.hn.hn-P-b≥ ˛ J-km-°n-s‚ C-Xn-lmkw
D-dq-_v ˛ an≠m-s∏Æv

sam-Uyq-ƒ˛3
B-[p-\n-Im\-¥-c a-ebmf t\m-h¬ ˛ B-tKm-f-h-Xv-Ic-Ww ˛ I-tºm-f-h-Xv-Ic-Ww ˛ B-Jym-
\-I-e-bp-sS Po-h≥ ˛ Iogm-f N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚ ]pXp-a ˛ ]m-cn-ÿnXn-IZ¿-i-\߃
hn-i-Z-]T-\-Øn\v
kmdm-tPmk-^v ˛ am‰mØn
]n. kp-tc-{µ≥ ˛ Pn-\-i-e-`-ß-fp-sS hoSv

sam-Uyq-ƒ˛4
IY˛kz-`mhw, kz-cq-]w˛DZb hn-Im-k-]-cn-Wm-a߃ B-ZyIm-e I-Y-Iƒ ˛ km-tcm-]-tZ-i-I-
Y-Iƒ ˛ \m-tSm-Sn-°-Y-Iƒ ˛ a-e-bm-f-sN-dp-I-Y-bp-sS kp-h¿W-Zi ˛ km-aq-ly-cm-{„o-b A-
¥¿-[m-c-Iƒ ˛ IY-bp-sS ]p-Xn-b-tem-Iw ˛ ]p-tcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xyw˛km¿-∆-eu-In-I-Z¿i-\w
˛ B-[p-\n-IX ˛ B-fl-\n-jvT-]-cam-b c-N-\-Iƒ ˛ A-kv-Xn-Xz-Z¿i-\w ˛ a-t\m-hn-⁄m-\o-bw
˛ Z-en-Xv ˛ kv{Xo ˛ ]-cn-ÿnXn-]-cn-t{]-£y-߃
1. tIk-cn ˛ D-fn-]n-Sn® ssI
2. sI.k-c-kz-Xn-bΩ ˛ caWn
3. e-fn-Xmw_n-I A-¥¿-P-\w ˛ amdm-e
4. Im-cq¿ ˛ tam-Xncw

57
5. XI-gn ˛ lm‚ v-_mKv
6. \-¥-\m¿ ˛ ]pXn-b a-\p-jy≥
7. tIm-hn-e≥ ˛ i-Ip\w
8. hn.sI.F≥ ˛ H-cp _°-‰v im-ap-h¬

sam-Uyq-ƒ˛5
B-[p\n-I {]-h-W-X-Iƒ ˛ B-fl-\n-jvTam-b kq-£v-amw-iw ˛ A-kv-Xn-Xz- Z¿i-\w ˛ _nw-
_mfl-Iam-b B-hn-jv-I-c-W-co-Xn ˛ `m-h-Imhyw ˛ Xo-£vWamb ssh-Im-cn-I-`m-hw ˛ ÿq-e-
Øn¬ \n-∂v kq-£v-a-Øn-te-°v

9. Fw.Sn ˛ Hm-t∏mƒ
10. am-[-hn-°p-´n ˛ ]-®-∏-´p-kmcn
11. tk-Xp ˛ ZqXv
12. ssh-im-J≥ ˛ \q¬-∏m-ew I-S-°p-∂-h¿°v
13. ]-fl-cm-P≥ ˛ Hm¿-Ω
14. k-°dnb ˛ I-\ym-Ip-amcn
15. C.l-cn-Ip-am¿ ˛ Zn-t\m-k-dn-s‚ Ip´n

sam-Uyq-ƒ˛6
B-[p-\n-Im\-¥-c km-ln-Xy-k-ao-]-\-߃ ˛ cq-]-]-cam-b k-¶-ev-]-\-߃ ˛ amdn-b tZ-i-Im-e-
߃ ˛ `m-hp-I-Xz-]-cam-b am-‰-߃ ˛ ]pXn-b k-ao-]-\-߃ ˛ B-Jym-\-cm-{„o-b-߃ ˛ssk-
_¿ c-N-\Iƒ
16. kn.A-ø-∏≥ ˛ D-®-bp-d-°-Øn-se kz-]v-\߃
17. A-bva-\w tPm¨ ˛ D-t´m]y
18. knXmc ˛ I-dp-Ø-Ip-∏m-b-°mcn
19. sI.tcJ ˛ Pp-dm-kn-Iv ]m¿°v
20. F-kv.l-co-jv ˛ B-Zw

klmbI{KŸßƒ

ImYnIs‚ ]Wn∏pc˛ Fw.Sn. hmkptZh≥\mb¿

sNdpIYm{]ÿm\w˛Fw.]n. t]mƒ
sNdpIY C∂se C∂v˛ Fw.ANypX≥
aebmfsNdpIYmkmlnXyNcn{Xw˛tUm.Fw.Fw._jo¿
IY BJym\hpw A\p`hkØbpw˛sI.]n. A∏≥
IYm¥c߃˛]n.sI. cmPtiJc≥
sNdpIY hm°pw hgnbpw˛tUm.sI.Fkv. chnIpam¿
F¥mWv B[p\nIX˛Fw. apIpµ≥
IYbpw ]cnÿnXnbpw˛ Pn. a[pkqZ\≥
IY B[p\nIXbv°ptijw˛Fw.sI. lcnIpam¿
IY Imew t]mse˛ F≥.iin[c≥
IY tXSp∂ IY˛F≥. {]`mIc≥
IYm]T\߃˛s{]m^. ]∑\ cmaN{µ≥ \mb¿
IYbpsS \q‰m≠v H∂mw hmfyw ˛ s{]m^.Fw.F≥. hnPb≥ (P\.FUn.)
kaImenI aebmfsNdpIY hgnbpw s]mcpfpw˛hnZzm≥ ]nPn\mb¿
kvamcIKthjWtI{µw, bp.kn.tImtfPv, Beph

58
temIØns‚ hm°v ˛ C.]n.cmPtKm]me≥
t\mh¬ kmlnXyw ˛ Fw.]nt]mƒ
t\mh¬ {]iv\ßfpw ]T\ßfpw ˛ ANyqX≥ Fw
t\mh¬ kmlnXyNcn{Xw˛ s{]m^. sI.Fw. XcI≥
aebmft\mhens‚ ASnthcpIƒ˛ s{]m^. . Xpºa¨ tXmakv
aebmft\mh¬ 19˛mw \q‰m≠n¬˛ tUm.tPm¿Pv Ccpºbw
Ncn{Xt\mh¬ aebmfØn¬ ˛I¬]‰ _meIrjvW≥
kn.hnbpsS Ncn{XmJymbnIIƒ˛Fw.sI. IrjvW≥
t\mh¬ kn≤nbpw km[\bpw ˛ ]n.sI. _meIrjvW≥
B[p\nIt\mh¬ Z¿i\߃ ˛ s{]m^. .sI.Fw. XcI≥
amdp∂ aebmft\mh¬˛ sI.]n. A∏≥
aebmf `mh\ aqeyßfpw k¶¬]ßfpw ˛sI.]n. A∏≥
t\mh¬ aebmfØn¬ XIgn apX¬ apIpµ≥ hsc˛ AtimI≥ sI.
{]Xy£hXvIcWw t\mhen¬ ˛hnemkn\n
t\mhentet°mcp InfnhmXn¬˛ hnemkn\n
tcmKØns‚ ]q°ƒ ˛hn.cmPIrjvW≥
au\w tXSp∂hm°v ˛hn.cmPIrjvW≥
kab{]hmlhpw kmlnXyIebpw˛ sI.]n. A∏≥
t\mh¬ t_m[hpw {]Xnt_m[hpw ˛FUn. ]n.sI.cmPtiJc≥
A‘\mb ssZhw ˛]n.sI cmPtiJc≥

59
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5CRT08

`mjmimkv{Xw
]T\e£y߃
1. `mjsb°pdn®pw `mjmimkv{XsØ°pdn®pw kmam\y [mcWIƒ cq]s∏SpØpI.
2. Bibhn\nab amXrI F∂ \nebnepw kmaqlnI kzXzNn”sa∂ \nebnepw `mjsb
kao]n°m≥ t{]cn∏n°pI.
3. `mjm]camb Imcyßfn¬ imkv{Xob kao]\w kzoIcnt°≠Xns‚ BhiyIX
t_m[ys∏SpØpI.
4. `mjmkw_‘amb AXnhmZßsf kaNnØXtbmsS kao]n°m≥ t{]cn∏n°pI.
5. `mjmimkv{XØns‚ ASnÿm\ ]cnKW\mhnjb߃ (kz\w, kz\naw, cq]naw,
hmIyw, A¿∞w, `mjmt`Zw, `mjm]cnWmaw) ]cnNbs∏SpØpI.
6. `mjbpsS D¤hw, hnImkw, ]cnWmaw F∂nhsb°pdn®v kmam\y[mcW
cq]s∏SpØpI.
7. hymIcWhpw `mjmimkv{Xhpw XΩnep≈ hyXncn‡X t_m[ys∏SpØpI
8. `mjbpsS km¿heuInI kz`mh߃ hnthNn®v {Kln°m≥ {]m]vXam°pI.
9. `mjmimkv{XØns‚ hnhn[ ]T\imJIfpsS {]k‡nbpw km[yXbpw kmam\yambn
]cnNbs∏SpØpI,
10. D]cn]T\Øn\p≈ Xm¬∏cyw P\n∏n°pI.

bqWn‰v ˛1
`mj˛ASnÿm\ hkvXpXIfpw h¿§oIcWhpw
`mj˛\n¿hN\w˛a\pjy`mjbpsSX\Xpkz`mh߃˛`mjbpsS BhnjvIcWcq]߃
˛ hcsamgn; hmsamgn˛hnhn[ `mjmk¶ev∏߃˛hyhlmc `mj; am\I`mj˛]p„`mj;
A]p„`mj˛Poh¬`mj;arX`mj˛tZiob `mj; A¥mcmjv { S`mj˛amXr`mj;
H∂mw`mj˛k¶c`mj;sh¶e`mj˛temI`mj; clky`mj˛ `mjmimkv{Xw˛Ncn{Xw˛
hnImkw (kmam\y[mcWIƒ)˛`mjmimkv{Xhpw hymIcWhpw ˛`mj˛Bibhn\nab
amXrI˛I£yIfpw tKm{Xßfpw˛{]mIrXI£y˛sshIrXI£y˛A]- { K- Y nX
I£y˛kwLSnXI£y˛ I£ymk¶ev]Øns‚ {]k‡n˛tKm{Xk¶ev]Øns‚
km[pX˛hnhn[tKm{X߃˛ {ZmhnU tKm{Xw.
]T\coXn.
`mjmimkv{XhnthIw, `mjmhtemI\w, ]q¿htIcf`mj(sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿)
`mjmimkv{XZr„nbneqsS, `mjmimkv{X]cnNbw(hn.B¿. {]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿)
tIcf`mjmhn⁄m\nbw (tUm.sI.tKmZh¿Ω) XpSßnb ]pkvXI߃
B[mcam°nbp≈ ]T\w, kwhmZw F∂nh D≠mIWw, `mjtbmSp≈ imkv{Xob
kao]\Øn\p Du∂¬ In´pw hn[ambncn°Ww ¢mkpIƒ. Bibhn\natbm]m[n
F∂ \nebnep≈ `mjbpsS {]h¿Ø\tØmsSm∏w kmaqlykzXzNn”sa∂
\nebnep≈ `mjbpsS ÿm\hpw th¿Xncn®p {Kln°m≥ tijnbp≠mIWw.
`mjmimkv{XØns‚ Bhn¿`mhhpw hf¿®bpw kw_‘ambn kmam\y[mcW
B¿÷n°m≥ klmbn°Ww. `mjIƒ XΩnep≈ tKm{X_‘sØ imkv{Xobambn
kao]n°m≥ t{]cn∏n°Ww.

60
bqWn‰v 2
kz\hpw kz\nahpw
kz\w˛k¶¬∏\w˛\n¿hN\w˛kz\hn⁄m\w˛]T\coXnIƒ˛Ahbhmkv ] Zw˛
{ihWmkv]Zw˛kz\`uXnIw˛D®mcWmhbh߃˛kz\h¿§oIcWØns‚
ASnÿm\w˛kz\h¿§oIcWw˛ hyRvP\w˛kzcw, am\kzc߃˛ eo\[z\nIƒ˛
kz\naw˛kz\naw F∂ k¶ev]Øns‚ {]k‡n˛\n¿hN\w˛kz\na \n¿Ætbm
]m[nIƒ˛hyXyb ]qcI_‘w˛ kzX{¥]cnh¿Ø\w˛aebmfØnse kz\na߃
]T\coXn
`mjmhtemI\w˛`mjmimkv { XhnthIw(sI.Fw.{]`mIchmcy¿) `mjmimkv { X
]cnNbw, kz\hn⁄m\w, D®mcWw \∂mh≥ (hn.B¿.{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿)
XpSßnb {KŸßƒ ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ ¢mkpIfpw kwhmZßfpw D≠mIWw.
kz\h¿§oIcWØn\p ]n∂nse ImcW߃ ikv{Xobambn Z¿in°m≥
t{]cn∏n°Ww. D®mcW{]{Inb imkv{Xobambn a\knem°p∂Xns\m∏w D®mcW
{]{Inbbv°p ]n∂nse kmaqly kzm[o\߃ th¿Xncn®p a\knem°m≥ IgnbWw.
kz\hpw kz\nahpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkw {]mtbmKnIambn a\knem°m\p≈ tijn
D≠m°Ww.

bqWn‰v 3
cq]hpw hmIyhpw
cq]naw˛k¶ev]\hpw \n¿hN\hpw˛cq]na hn`mK߃˛kzX{¥w, _≤w, iq\ycq]naw,
cn‡cq]naw, hntij cq]naw˛ hn_‘cq]naw˛ X\ncq]߃˛D]cq]߃˛
cq]m[njvTnXw˛ kz\nam[njvTnXw˛ hmIyw˛ k¶ev]\w˛ \n¿hN\w˛ hmIyXz
\n¿WbØn\p ]n∂nse ASnÿm\ hkv X pXIƒ˛ hmIym]{KY\ coXnIƒ˛
LS\mflI kao]\w˛tNmwkvInbpsS hmIyk¶ev]\w˛ A]{KY\coXn
(kmam\y[mcW)
]T\coXn
`mjmimkv { X]cnNbw(hn.B¿. {]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿), `mjmhtemI\w,
`mjmimkv { XhnthIw (sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿), `mjmimkv { Xw, kn≤m¥hpw
{]tbmKhpw aebmfØn¬ (F.]n. B≥{UqkpIp´n) hmIyLS\ (C.hn.F≥. \ºqXncn)
XpSßnb {KŸßƒ ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ ¢mkpIfpw kwhmZßfpw D≠mIWw.
]Zcq]oIcWØn\p ]n∂nse imkv{Xob am\Zfi߃ {Kln°m\p≈ tijn
hf¿ØnsbSp°Ww. `mjbnse hmIy߃ A\¥ambncn°ptºmgpw
hmIyLS\m]{KY\w imkv{Xobambn km[yamIp∂sXßs\sb∂ ImcyØn¬
[mcW Dfhm°Ww.

bqWn‰v 4
`mj: A¿∞w, kaqlw
A¿∞w˛k¶ev]\hpw \n¿hN\hpw˛A¿∞w ˛tImiobw˛hymIcWnIw˛
A¿∞Øns‚ e£Wßfpw LSIßfpw˛kmlNcym¿∞ hntijW߃˛
A¿∞afiew˛A¿∞{XntImWw˛ A¿∞]cnh¿Ø\\nba߃˛ A¿∞
]cnh¿Ø\ ImcW߃˛hy‡n `mj˛`mjmt`Zw˛`mj˛am\I`mj˛ `mjmt`Z
]T\coXn˛ ka`mjmwikoamtcJ˛ `mjmt`Z `q]Sw˛ tI{µtaJe˛ Ahin„taJe˛
kw{IWtaJe˛kmaqlnI`mjm hn⁄m\w˛ kmaqlnINc߃ (kmam\y[mcW)
]T\coXn
`mjmimkv { XhnthIw(sI.Fw.{]`mIchmcy¿) `mjmimkv { XZr„nbneqsS
`mjmimkv { X]cnNbw(hn.B¿. {]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿), `mjm¿∞w (Sn._n.

61
 thWptKm]me∏Wn°¿), A¿∞hn⁄m\w (thZ_‘p), kmaqly`mjmhn⁄m\w
(Djm\ºqXncn∏mSv) F∂o {KŸßƒ ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ ¢mkpIfpw kwhmZßfpw
D≠mIWw. A¿∞\n¿hN\Ønse k¶o¿ÆX {Kln°m\p≈ tijn hf¿Øp∂
hn[ambncn°Ww ¢mkpIƒ. A¿∞]cnWmaØns‚ cm{„obw hnthNn®p
a\knem°m≥ {]m]vXam°Ww. `mjmkq{XWØns‚ {]k‡nbpw cm{„obhpw
{Kln°m\p≈ tijn hf¿ØWw `mjmt`Zßsf kaNnØXtbmsS kao]n°m\p≈
Ignhv B¿÷n°Ww.

bqWn‰v 5
`mjm]cnWmaw, `mjmimkv{X]T\imJIƒ
kz\]cnWmaw˛kz\na]cnWmaw˛k‘n]cnWmaw˛hymIcWcq]]cnWmaw˛
]Z]cnWmaw˛ hmIy]cnWmaw˛]cnWmaw: tlXp°ƒ˛kh¿Æ\w˛ kZriyIev]\˛
BZm\w˛`mjmimkv{X]T\߃, imJIƒ˛ at\m`mjmhn⁄m\obw˛
inip`mjm]T\w ˛lcnX`mjmimkv{Xw˛ hyhlmcm]{KY\w˛ {]tbmKhn⁄m\w
F∂nhsb °pdn®p≈ kmam\y[mcW
]T\coXn
`mjmimkv { XhnthIw (sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿),`mjmimkv { XZr„nbneqsS,
`mjmimkv{X]cnNbw(hn.B¿.{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿), `mjbpw a\»mkv{Xhpw
(sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿), Adnhpw `mjbpw (]n.Fw. Kncojv ) , `mjmimkv { Xw
kn≤m¥hpw {]tbmKhpw aebmfØn¬ (F.]n. B≥{UpkvIp´n), `mjm]T\߃
(kn.F¬. B‚Wn), ]g»ntcJIfnse hyhlmc `mjIƒ (tPmk^v kvIdnb), lcnX
`mjmimkv{Xw ({ioh’≥), A[nImchpw `mjhpw (]n.Fw. Kncojv) F∂o {KŸßƒ
ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ kwhmZßfpw ¢mkpIfpw D≠mIWw. `mjmhnImkhpambn
_‘s∏SpØn `mjm]cnWmasØ a\knem°m\p≈ tijn hf¿ØWw.
`mjmimkv{XØns‚ ]pXnb ]T\taJeIƒ kmam\yambn ]cnNbs∏Sm≥ IgnbWw.

klmbI{KŸßƒ

B≥{UqkpIp´n, F.]n, 2004, `mjmimkv{Xw kn≤m¥hpw {]tbmKhpw aebmfØn¬,

tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.
{]`mIchmcy¿, sI.Fw. 1999, `mjmhtemI\w, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw.
{]`mIchmcy¿, sI.Fw. 2002, `mjmimkv{XhnthIw, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw.
{]`mIchmcy¿, sI.Fw.1999, `mjbpw a\»mkv{Xhpw, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw.
{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿, hn.B¿, 2016, `mjmimkv{X]cnNbw, amfps_≥ ]ªnt°j≥kv
{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿, hn.B¿,1998, kz\hn⁄m\w, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.
{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿, hn.B¿,2009, D®mcWw \∂mhm≥, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.
{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿, hn.B¿, `mjmimkv{X\nL≠p, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.
{]t_m[N{µ≥ \mb¿, hn.B¿, aebmfw aebmfntbmfw, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.
C.hn. F≥. \ºqXncn, 1997, hmIyLS\, tIcf`mjmC≥Ãn‰yq´v.
thWptKm]me]Wn°¿ Sn._n., 1997, `mjm¿∞w, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
Kncojv, ]n.Fw., 2015, A[nImchpw `mjbpw sF._pIvkv.
Kncojv, ]n.Fw., 2012, Adnhpw `mjbpw , tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
tkmatiJc≥ \mb¿, `mjmt`Zhn⁄m\obw
Djm \ºqXncn∏mSv, kmaqly `mjmimkv{Xw, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
{ioh’≥, lcnX`mjmimkv{Xw,tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.
thZ_‘p, A¿∞hn⁄m\w, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v.

62
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 Hm∏¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5OPT01

]{X{]h¿Ø\w
Jfiw H∂v ˛
]{X{]h¿Ø\w˛BapJw˛Ncn{Xw˛`mcXØn¬˛tIcfØn¬˛]{X`mjbpsS
hnImk]cnWma߃ D≈S°w˛hm¿Ø, ^o®¿(kb≥kv, kvt]m¿Svkv, Ie,
kmlnXyw), t^mt´m^o®¿,A`napJw˛Hmtcm∂ns‚bpw coXn˛
khntijXIƒ˛ Xømdm°ptºmƒ {i≤nt°≠ kwKXnIƒ˛ amXrIm]T\w˛
cN\m]cnioe\w

Jfiw c≠v˛
i. hnhn[Xcw ]{X{]h¿Ø\ coXnIƒ˛C≥shÃntK‰ohv tPWenkw˛C‚¿s{]‰ohv
tPWenkw˛A{Kkohv tPWenkw˛sk≥tkjW¬ tPWenkw˛ Hm¨sse≥
tPWenkw-- ˛t^mt´m tPWenkw
ii. FUn‰nMv˛s]mXp XXz߃˛hnhn[Xcw {]kn≤oIcWßfpsS FUn‰nMv
FUn‰nMv hn`mKØnse HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw NpaXeIƒ FUn‰nMv hn`mKØns‚
{]h¿Ø\w˛NpaXeIƒ(ASnÿm\ [mcW)hnhn[ {]kn≤oIcWßfpsS
D≈S°Øns‚ ASnÿm\Ønep≈ XcwXncnhpIƒ
B[mc{KŸw˛ hm¿Ø˛tPmbn Xncpaqe]pcw

Jfiw aq∂v
sSenhnj≥ tPWenkw ˛ sSenhnj\p th≠n hm¿Ø Xbmdm°¬˛ dnt∏m¿´nMv˛
hm¿Øm[njvTnX ]cn]mSnIƒ˛hm¿Øm kwt{]jWw˛hm¿Øhmb\˛N¿®Iƒ
am[ya [m¿ΩnIX˛ \yqkv B¶dnMv˛t\m¨eo\nb¿ FUn‰nMv˛ssehv FUn‰nMv
(ASnÿm\ [mcW)
B[mc{KŸw˛Zriy`mj˛tIcf`mjm C≥ÃnSyq´v

Jfiw \mev
{]q^v hmb\˛Nn”߃˛lukvssÃepwssì jo‰pw
A®Sn˛eLpNcn{Xw˛hnhn[Xcw A®Snb{¥ßƒ˛jo‰vs^Uv Hm^vsk‰pw sh_v
Hm^vsk‰pw sUkvtŒm∏v ]ªnjnMv(ASnÿm\ [mcW)
t]∏¿ AfhpIƒ˛F4, sUΩn, {Iu¨, ^pƒkvIym]v, eoK¬XpSßnbh

63
klmbI {KŸßƒ
tIcf]{X{]h¿Ø\Ncn{Xw˛]pXp∏≈ncmLh≥
]{Xhpw ]{X{]h¿Ø\hpw ˛cmtPjv sI. Fcptaen, Nn¥m ]ªntjgvkv, Xncph\¥]pcw
hrØm¥]{X{]h¿Ø\w˛kztZim`nam\ncmaIrjvW]n≈
aebmf]{X`mj hnImk]cnWma߃ hn.]n.kpss_¿, tIcf {]kv A°mUan
hm¿ØbpsS in¬∏ime˛F≥.F≥. kXy{hX≥, tIcf {]kv A°mUan
hm¿Ø ˛1,2,3 hmey߃˛tPmbn Xncpaqe]pcw, tIcf`mjm C≥ÃnSyq´v
]{XI¬∏\˛tPmkv ]\®n∏pdw
Zriy`mj˛sI. Fkv. cmPtiJc≥, tIcf`mjm C≥ÃnSyq´v
{]n‚nMv sSIvt\mfPn ItºmknMv˛ tIcf`mjmC≥ÃnSyq´v
The Journalists handbook- M.V.Kamath
Style in Journalism -Orient longman
News Writing -George A Hough

64
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 Hm∏¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5OPT02

am[ya]T\w

a‰v ]T\taJeIƒ Xncs™SpØh¿°mbn hn`mh\w sNøp∂XmWv

Hm∏¨tImgv k v , `mjbpsSbpw kwkv I mcØns‚bpw h¿Øma\Imekz`mhw
t_m[ys∏SpØm≥ klmbIamWv am[ya]T\w F∂ tImgv k v . am[ya]T\Øns‚
A\¥amb km[yXIƒ ]cnNbs∏SpØns°mSp°pIbmWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw.
samUyqƒ H∂v
A®Sn am[yaw˛`mj˛am[yaw ˛_lpP\am[yaw. A®SnbpsSbpw ISemkns‚bpw Ncn{Xw
˛am\hkwkvImcØn¬ h∂ am‰w. C¥ybn¬ A®SnbpsS XpS°w˛ aebmfØnse A®Sn˛
BZyIme {]kn≤oIcW߃˛aebmf ]{X{]h¿Ø\Ncn{Xw˛BZyImeamknIIƒ˛
`mjbpsSbpw kmlnXyØns‚bpw hf¿®bn¬ A®Snam[yaØns‚ kw`mh\˛hm¿Ø˛
LS\˛hm¿ØbpsS DdhnSw˛dnt∏m¿´nwKv˛FUn‰nwKv˛hm¿ØbpsS XcwXnchv˛ FUn‰nwKv
˛]{X{]h¿ØI\v D≠mbncnt°≠ KpW߃˛]{X{]h¿Ø\w t\cnSp∂ sh√phnfnIƒ.
samUyqƒ c≠v
tdUntbm{]t£]WØns‚ Ncn{Xw˛C¥ybnse tdUntbm{]t£]Ww˛ kzmX{¥y
]q¿∆L´w ˛]t´¬ tIÿbpKw˛IemkmlnXytaJeIfn¬ tdUntbm \¬Inb kw`mh\˛
tdUntbm {]t£]WØnse kzmIcy]¶mfnØw.
samUyqƒ aq∂v
sSenhnj≥˛Ncn{Xw ˛hnhn[L´ßƒ˛hn⁄m\hnt\mZhnhchn\na am[yaw ˛t{_mUv
ImÃnwKv sSenImÃnwKv Iº\nIƒ˛`mjbpsS am\IoIcWw˛\ham[ya߃˛samss_¬,
tkmjy¬ aoUnb˛tªmKv C˛am[ya߃
klmbI{KŸßƒ
am[yaßfpw aebmfkmlnXyhpw˛Fw.hn.tXmakv
aebmf sSenhnj≥Ncn{Xw˛Sn.sI.kt¥mjvIpam¿
Zriy`mj˛sI.Fkv.cmPtiJc≥
sSenhnj≥ tPWenkw˛hn.cmPtKm]m¬
am[ya]T\߃˛FUn. ]∑\ cmaN{µ≥ \mb¿
P\{]nbkwkvImcw˛jmPntP°_v

65
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 5 Hm∏¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML5OPT03

Ne®n{XmkzmZ\hpw Xnc°YmcN\bpw
samUyqƒ 1
Ne®n{XIebpsS Bhn¿`mhhpw hnImk]cnWmaßfpw˛hnhn[ Ne®n{XKWßfpw
khntijXIfpw˛\yqthhv \ntbmdnbenkw, Ahm¥vKm¿Uv apXembh˛Ne®n{XmkzmZ\w,
kao]\߃, {]amW߃, ankv˛F≥˛ko≥ (Mise-en-scence) Xnbdn
˛Nn”hn⁄m\obhpw Ne®n{X]T\hpw ˛P\{]nb kwkvImchpw P\{]nb
kn\nabpw˛Ne®n{XØns‚ cm{„ob,kmaqlnI, kmwkv I mcnI Xe߃˛UnPn‰¬
kmt¶XnIXbpw kn\nabpw
tamUyqƒ˛2
Ne®n{XIebpsS kmt¶XnI LSI߃˛Omb{KlWØns‚ kmt¶XnIXbpw
kuµcyXeßfpw˛Zriyhn\nabØns‚ ASnÿm\LSI߃˛ i–w kn\nabn¬˛
Ne®n{X`mjbn¬ i–Øns‚ km[yXIƒ˛ kwKoXhpw kn\nabpw
˛Nn{Xk∂nthiØns‚ ASnÿm\kn≤m¥ßƒ, {]m[m\yw, Iem]camb D]tbmKw˛
Iemkwhn[m\hpw kn\nabpw˛A`n\bw kn\nabn¬˛icoc`mjbpsS {]m[m\yw˛
AhmNnI Bibhn\nabw kn\nabn¬
tamUyqƒ 3
Xnc°mYm cN\˛ ASnÿm\ {]amWßfpw kn≤m¥ßfpw ˛\mSIobLS\˛tπm´v, IY,
knt\m]vknkv,{So‰vsa‚ v IYm]m{XcN\˛ IYm]m{XPohNn{Xw˛\mbI≥, {]Xn\mbI≥,
D]IYm]m{X߃˛{Xo BŒv kn{SmIv N ¿ (Three Act Structure) BŒv h¨ Sp,
{Xo˛kwL¿jØns‚ hnImk]cnWma߃, tπm´v t]mbn‚ v a‰pw˛ kam¥c
BJym\coXnIƒ˛knt\m]nknkv cN\, ko≥ Hu´v sse≥, Xnc°Y, cN\, kw`mjW
cN\, cwK]›mØew Imehpw ˛Xnc°Ymt^m¿am‰pIƒ, kv{In]v‰nMv, tkm^vSv shb¿,
jq´nßv kv{In]v‰v, tÃmdn t_m¿Uv
samUyqƒ 4
t\m¨ ^n£≥ (Nonfiction) kv{In]v‰v cN\ ^n£\pw t\m¨^n£\pw˛t\m¨^n£≥
KW߃˛tUmIyqsa‚dn cN\bpsS ASnÿm\ ]mT߃˛dnk¿®v, hnjb kzoIcWw,
s{]mt∏mk¬, {So‰vsa‚ v˛\mSIob LS\bpsS {]m[m\yw sa‰^dpIfpw Zriy_nw_ßfpw˛
BJym\Ønse hf¿®bpw am‰ßfpw˛ Ia‚dn Fgptºmƒ {i≤nt°≠h˛ tdUntbmbv°v
th≠n FgpXptºmƒ˛C‚¿s\‰v D≈S°hpw cN\bpw˛{]mYanI ]mT߃.

klmbI{KŸßƒ
1.temIkn\na˛hnPbIrjvW≥, Un.kn._pIvkv
2.C¥y≥ kn\na˛ kn.F^v. tXmak,v Un.kn_p°v
3.aebmfkn\na˛hnPbIrjvW≥, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
4.How to read a film- Kames Monaco-Oxford university
5.Visual communication-Paulmartin Lerter- Wads Worth
6.How to study televisin-Keith selby and Roncowdery _macmillan
7.Screenplay-Syd Ffield-Dell Trade Paper
8.The Tools of screen writing -David Howardan Edward Mablay-St Martins Grift
9.Writing Great Screen Plays for Film and TV- Dona Cooper-Macmillan USA
10.Media Analysis Techniques-Arthur Asa, Berger-Sage

66
 tamU¬ 1 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, CeIvSohv tImgvkpIƒ

Bdmw skaÿ

tIm¿
tIcfobZriyIe
{]mNo\kmlnXyw
KZykmlnXyw, \ncq]Ww
hymIcWw, `mjmNcn{Xw

CeIvSohv
aebmfØnse kv{XocN\Iƒ
am[yahn⁄m\obw
kwkvImc]T\w

67
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CRT09

tIc-fo-b-Zr-iy-Ie
]T-\-e£yw
tIc-f-Ønse Zriy-I-e-I-f-[n-Ihpw cq]-s∏-´n-cn-°p--∂Xv kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw kwKo-X-
Øn-s‚bpw Xmf-ssh-hn-[y-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb \rØ-\m-Sy-ß-fp-sSbpw \nd-∏-In-´m¿∂Xpw
Aeu-In-I-Om-b -]p-e¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb Blm-cy-`w-Kn-b-sSbpw ]n≥_-e-Øn-emWv. tI-h-e-
amb hnt\m-tZm-]m[n F∂ Xe-Ønepw aX-]-c-amb A\p-jvTm-\-sa∂ Xe-Ønepw Ch
kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Cu Zriy-I-e-I-fn-se√mw Xs∂ Ac-ßn-s\m∏w t{]£-
I\pw {]m[m\yw ImWmw. CØcw Iem-cq-]-ßfpsS kmaq-ln-I-{]-k-‡n. Iem-]-c-X,
kmln-Xy-aqeyw kwKo-Xw, Acßv XpS-ßnb LS-I-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ \nco-£-W-ßfpw
]T-\-ßfpw tIc-fo-b-Zr-iy-Ie F∂ ]T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ß-fm-Wv.

bqWn‰v ˛ 1

\m´-cßpw \mS≥ Iem-cq-]-ßfpw ˛ kmaq-lnI sFIy-Øns‚ krjvSn-Iƒ ˛ hnt\m-Z-]cw

˛ A\p-jvTm-\-]cw ˛ hc-Ifpw h¿Æ-ßfpw ˛ {]IrXnh¿Æ-߃ ˛ \ne-sØ-gp-Øp-Iƒ ˛
apJ-a-d-Iƒ ˛ h¿Øp-f-\r-Ø-߃ ˛ ]pcp-j-tI-{µo-IrXw ˛ ]pe-hrØw ˛ ]qc-°fn ˛ ]cn-
N-ap-´p-Ifn ˛ kv{XotI-{µo-IrXw ˛ apSn-bm´w ˛ IpS-aq-Øp-Ifn ˛ Nc-Sp-]n-∂n-°fn ˛ Xncp-
hm-Xn-c-°fn ˛ am¿§w-Ifn ˛ H∏\

hniZ-]-T\w
]mTw
Imcn-cpƒ \nd-samØ Xncp-apSn sXmgp-t∂≥ (Ifw-]m´v) tUm.-Fw.-hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn
(Xo-bm´pw Aø-∏≥IqØpw ˛t]-Pv-˛67)
hkv{Xm-]-l-cWw (Xncp-hm-Xn-c-°-fn) a®m´v Cf-b-Xv. (kºq¿Æ-Ir-Xn-Iƒ)
]Xn-aq-∂mw -]mZw (am¿§w-I-fn) tUm.-Np-Ωm¿ Nq≠¬, tUm. tP°∫v sh≈n-bm≥
(am¿§w-Ifn B´-{]-Im-cw )

bqWn‰v ˛ 2

¢mknIv Iem-]m-c-ºcyw ˛ Acßpw A`n-\-bhpw ˛ BwKnIw hmNnIw Blmcyw ˛ \S≥

˛ t{]£-I≥ ˛ \mSy-[¿Ωn ˛ temI-[¿Ωn ˛Iq-Sn-bm´w IY-Ifn ˛ Xp≈¬

hniZ-]-T\w
IY-Ifn ˛ Ncn{Xw ˛ A`n-\-b-k-t¶-X-߃ ˛ B´-°YIƒ
Xp≈¬ ˛ Ncn{Xw ˛ Hm´≥ ˛ inX-¶≥ ˛ ]d-b≥ ˛ Xp≈¬°-Y-Iƒ

]mTw
\nhm-X-I-hNImetI-b-h[w (B´-°Y) ˛ ( amXte, \ni-ab ama-I-h-N\w apX¬ \nhm-
XI-h-Nt\ h[n-∏-Xn∂p km[p-bXv\tbm-Ky-an∂p km[tb Phm¬ hsc) tIm´-bØp
Xºp-cm≥

68
IptN-e-hrØw (B´°Y) ˛ (Zm\-hm-cn-ap-Ip-µs\ km\µw I≠o-Sm≥ apX¬ ]pjvv-I-c-hn-
tem-N\m Xz¬Ir-]m-Im-c-tW\ hsc)- ap-cnßq¿ i¶-c≥ t]m‰n.
\f-N-cnXw (Hm´≥Xp-≈¬)
(XpS°w apX¬ Cßns\ ]e-hn-[-ap-’-h-tLmjw Xnßn\ tamZm¬ I≠-c-b-∂w)
Ip©≥ \ºn-bm¿

bqWn‰v ˛ 3

\mtSm-Sn-cw-K-I-e-Iƒ ˛ kaqlw ˛ ]pcm-hrØw ˛ s]mcpƒ ˛ sXøw ˛ apSn-tb‰v ˛ ]S-bWn

˛ Imfn-bq-´v ˛ apJ-a-d-Ifpw apJ-sØ-gpØpw ˛ \mS≥ AWn-b-e-߃ ˛ ]mf-t°m-e-߃ ˛
Inco-S߃ ˛ \S≥ t{]£-I≥ ˛ kaq-l-]-¶m-fnØw ˛ ]m´v ˛ hmZy-߃

hniZ-]-T\w
apJm-h-c-W-Øns‚ \c-hwihn-⁄m\w ˛ tUm. kn. B¿. cmP-tKm-t]m-e≥
(tKm{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ t]Pv ˛ 63)

]mTw

_∏n-cn-b≥tXm‰w ˛ sXøØns‚ tXm‰w ˛ (sXøw t]Pv ˛252)

kam-l-cWw : tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
awK-f-ss`-chn ˛ ]Sb-Wn-∏m´v ˛ (]tS\n ˛ IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈)

bqWn‰v ˛ 4

\mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃ ˛ N-cn{Xw ˛ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃ ˛ sh≈cn \mSIw ˛ ]S-b-Wn-

bnse hnt\m-Z-\m-S-I-߃ ˛ s]mdm´p \mSIw ˛ Im°m-cn-»n-\m-SIw ˛ Nhn-´p-\m-SIw

hniZ-]-T\w

Im°m-cn-»n-\m-SIw : Ifn-Ø´pw B´-®n-´bpw tUm. F¬. tXma-kp-Ip´n

(Im°m-cn-»n-\m-SIw ]W-bn¬ cmL-h-°p-dp∏v t]Pv ˛ 97)

]mTw
Im°m-cn-»n-\m-SIw ( cwKw H∂v ˛ \mSv ˛ Im°m-Øn-am-cpsS cwK-{]-thiw apX¬ KW-
]Xnsb Im°m≥ kvXpXn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc) Im°m-cn-»n-\m-SIw ]W-bn¬ cmL-h-°p-dp∏v
i¿°-c-°pSw (hnt\m-Z-\m-S-I-w) (]tS\n ˛ IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈ t]Pv ˛126)
klmbI{KŸßƒ

1. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, t^mIvtem¿, 1997, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.

2. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, tIcf t^mIvtem¿ (F-Un.), 1997, F^v. F^v Fw
]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿.
3. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, t^mIvtem-dn\v Hcp ]T-\-]-≤Xn, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Uan,
Xr»q¿
4. Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xn-cn, \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-bw, 1997, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´bw
5. Fw.-hn.-hn-jvWp-\-ºq-Xncn, t^mIvtem¿ Nn¥-Iƒ, 2005, ]q¿Æ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
tImgn-t°m-Sv.

69
6. sI. Fw. A\n¬, t^mIvtem¿ P\p v cmjv{Sobw, 2004, ]m∏n-tbm¨, tImgn-t°mSv.
7. kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]me≥, tKm{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ, 2001, \m´dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-{µw,
Xr»q¿, 2001
8. kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]me≥, t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥ßƒ, 2007, tIc-f-`mjm
C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
9. F≥. `‡-h-’-e-sdÕn (F-Un.), t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w: kn≤m-¥-Xew, 2004, Id‚ v
_pIvkv, tIm´bw
10 F≥. APn-XvIp-am¿, 2005, t^mIvtemdpw kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]Whpw: XXzhpw
{]tbm-Khpw, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw
11. Fw.-Fw. {io[-c≥, t^mIvtem¿ kao-]-\-ßfpw km≤y-X-Ifpw, 2015, ae-bmf ]T-\-
K-th-jW tI{µw, Xr»q¿
12 sI. Fw. `c-X≥, t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw, 2011, F^v F^v Fw
]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿
13 APp sI \mcm-b-W≥, tIc-f-Ønse _p≤-aX ]mc-ºcyw \m´-dn-hp-I-fn-eqsS, 2005,
Id‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´bw
14 APp sI \mcm-b-W≥, t^mIvtem¿ ]mT-߃ ]T-\-߃, 2012,
kmln-Xy-{]-h¿Ø-I -k-l-I-c-W- kw-Lw, tIm´-bw.
15 Fkv. sI.\mb¿, tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn \mS-I-߃, 1964, aZn-cmin
k¿∆-I-em-im-e, a{Zmkv
16 Hcp-kwLw teJ-I¿, kwkvIm-c-]-T\w, 2007, ae-bmf ]T-\-kw-Lw, Id‚ v _pIvkv,
tIm´bw
17. _n chn-Ip-am¿, Nq´p-]-S-b-Wn, 2010, sdbn≥t_m _p°v ]ªn-tj-gvkv, sNß-∂q¿
18. _n chn-Ip-am¿, A\pjvTm\Ie cwKmhXcWßfpw t^mIvtemdpw, 2008
tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.
19. IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈ , ]tS\n, 1993, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.
20. kPnX sI. B¿., Zfn-X-a-£-c-kw-bp-‡w, 2012, ]cn[n ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.

70
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CRT10

{]mNo\kmlnXyw

]Tt\mt±iy߃
1. aebmfØns‚ kzXzcq]oIcWL´sØ°pdn®v kmam\y [mcW B¿÷n°pI.
2. ]Zyw, KZyw, an{iw F∂oimJIfnep≈ {]mNo\ kmlnXyamXrIIsf
]cnNbs∏SpI.
3. kmlnXyamXrIIsf A°mesØ kaqlØns‚ kmwkvImcnI {]Xn\n[m\sa∂
\nebn¬ a\ nem°pI.
4. ]m´v, aWn{]hmfw F∂o kam¥c [mcIsf `mjm]chpw kmlnXy]chpambn
hnebncpØpI
5. {]mNo\ kmlnXyØn¬ D]cn]T\Øn\pw KthjWØn\pw Xm¬∏cyw
P\n∏n°pI.

]T\coXn kw_‘amb s]mXp \n¿t±i߃:-˛

1. Cu tImgvknse ]mT`mKßsf√mw AXXp IrXnIfpsS ImeL´Ønse `mjmNcn{X
Øn\pIqSn Du∂¬ \¬In ]Tn∏n°Ww.
2. IrXnIfpsS amXrIIƒ kmaqlnIhpw `mjm]chpw kmlnXy]chpamb khntij
XIƒ°v {]m[m\yw \¬In ]Tn°Ww.
Jfiw H∂v :˛ ]m´p{]ÿm\w˛BZyImeIrXnIƒ˛]pcmW]mcºcy߃ \m´psamgn
bnte°v˛]m´v˛cmaNcnXw,Xncp\ng¬ame,IÆ»IrXnIƒ.
hniZ]T\w : ]mT`mK߃
1. cmaNcnXw ˛ 104˛mw ]Sew atfimZcohnem]w
2. Xncp\ng¬ame ˛ `mKw1.15 Bd∑pf {KmaØns‚ AgIv
3. IÆ»cmambWw ˛ InjvIn‘mImfiw BZysØ 8 ]m´pIƒ

klmbI {KŸßƒ
1. Xangv an{i imJ˛kmlnXy Ncn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS ˛ FUn. tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
2. cmaNcnXw Hcp hna¿i\mflI ]T\w ˛ s{]m^. ]n.hn.IrjvW≥ \mb¿
3. cmaNcnXhpw {]mNo\ aebmfhpw ˛ tUm.F≥.B¿ tKm]n\mY]n≈
4. cmaNcnXhpw {]mNo\ `mjmhnNmchpw ˛ tUm.\Sph´w tKm]meIrjvW≥
5. Xncp\ng¬ame Hcp hna¿i\mflI ]T\w ˛ tUm.F≥.APnXvIpam¿
6. IÆ»cmambWw bp≤Imfiw(AhXmcnI) ˛ tUm.]pXpt»cn cmaN{µ≥
7. IÆ»∑mcpw FgpØ—\pw ˛ sI.C.\mcmbW]n≈
8. \ncWw ]m´pIhnIƒ ˛ tUm. tZiawKew cmaIrjvW≥
9. ]m´pIhnXIfpsS kmaqlnI {]k‡n ˛ tIcf`mjm C≥ÃnSyq´v
10. aebmf`mjm]cnWmaw
kn≤m¥ßfpw hkvXpXIfpw ˛ Xncp\√q¿ IcpWmIc≥
Jfiw c≠v :˛ {]mNo\ aWn{]hmfIrXnIƒ˛ktµiImhy߃, aWn{]hmf
Zo¿LImhy߃, an{iImhy߃

71
hniZ]T\w : ]mT`mK߃
1. DÆp\oen ktµiw ˛ ]q¿h`mKw 1 apX¬ 10hsc t«mI߃
2. Nt{µm’hw ˛ \memw `mKw˛ {]IrXnh¿Æ\
˛BZysØ 10 t«mI߃
3. DÆn®ncptXhoNcnXw ˛ BZysØc≠p]Zyhpw HcpKZyhpw

klmbI {KŸßƒ
1. aWn{]hmfIhnX
2. aebmf ktµiImhy߃ Hcp ]T\w ˛
3. Ima]qP
4. tIcf`mjbpsS hnImk]cnWma߃ ˛
5. {]ÿm\k]vXIw
6. aebmf `mjm Ncn{Xw (FUn.)
7. `mjm Nºp°ƒ
8. aebmfw am‰hpw hf¿®bpw
9. kwkvIrX an{i imJ˛
kmlnXy Ncn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS ˛
˛ tUm. ]n.hn.thembp[≥]n≈
tUm. Nº°pfw A∏p°p´≥ ]n≈
˛ tUm. sI.Sn. cmah¿Ω
s{]m^. CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈
˛ ]n.hn.IrjvW≥ \mb¿
˛ Fkv. hn. thWptKm]≥ \mb¿
˛ D≈q¿ Fkv. ]ctaizcø¿
˛ tUm. sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿
FUn. tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v

Jfiw aq∂v :˛ {]mNo\ KZyamXrIIƒ˛ imk\߃, `mjmIuSeobw, ZqXhmIyw,

Aw_cotjm]mJym\w XpSßnb BZyImeKZyIrXnIsf∏‰nbpw Ah cq]s∏´
kmwkvImcnI cm{„ob kmlNcyßsf∏‰nbpap≈ kmam\y]T\w
hniZ]T\w : ]mT`mK߃
1. imk\ amXrI˛Xcnkm∏≈n imk\w˛1
(tIcfNcn{XØns‚ ASnÿm\tcJIfmb imk\ßsf `cWaebmfØns‚ ]q¿hamXrI
F∂ \nebn¬ `mjm]cambn hnebncpØn ]Tn°Ww)
2. ZqXhmIyw KZyw (""FtSm ZqXm ]mfihIƒ°pw... apX¬ F‚cpfns®bvXm≥
hmkptZh¥ncphSn'' hsc˛ZqXhmIyw tIcfkmlnXy A°mZan 1989 ]pdw 55)
klmbI {KŸßƒ
1. `mjmKZyw˛kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS ˛ FUn. tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
2. tIcfNcn{XØns‚ ASnÿm\ tcJIƒ ˛ tUm. ]pXpt»cn cmaN{µ≥
3. aebmf `mjm Ncn{Xw(FUn.) ˛ Fkv. hn. thWptKm]≥ \mb¿
4. {]mNo\ aebmf KZyamXrIIƒ ˛ D≈q¿ Fkv. ]ctaizcø¿
5. aebmfw am‰hpw hf¿®bpw ˛ tUm. sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿
6. tIcf`mjbpsS hnImk]cnWma߃ ˛ s{]m^. CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈
7. a[yImeaebmfw ˛ tUm.]n.hn.thembp[≥ ]n≈
8. aebmf `mjmNcn{Xw FgpØ—≥ hsc ˛ tUm.sI.cXv\Ω
9. Travancore Archeological Series - T.A.Gopinadha Rao

Jfiw \mev :˛ ]m´ns‚bpw aWn{]hmfØns‚bpw ]n¬°mehnImkw

hniZ]T\w : ]mT`mK߃
1. cmambWw Nºp DZym\{]thiw ˛kXyw ht√m¿°pam]Øp... apX¬ ]cam¿t∞\
\na·atijwhsc (]Øp]Zyhpw Hcp KZyhpw)
2. `mjmss\j[w Nºp BZysØ 5 ]Zyhpw H∂masØ KZyhpw
3. IrjvWKmY˛A{IqcmKa\w˛Im¿apIn¬ h¿Æs\sIm≠ßp...apX¬ Nn¥n®p
thZ\ t]m°n\n∂m¿ hsc.

72
klmbI {KŸßƒ
1. kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS ˛ FUn. tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
2. a[yImeaebmfw ˛ tUm.]n.hn.thembp[≥ ]n≈
3. aebmf `mjm Ncn{Xw(FUn.) ˛ Fkv. hn. thWptKm]≥ \mb¿
4. tIcfkmlnXyNcn{Xw ˛ D≈q¿ Fkv. ]ctaizcø¿
5. aebmfw am‰hpw hf¿®bpw ˛ tUm. sI.Fw. {]`mIchmcy¿
6. tIcf`mjbpsS hnImk]cnWma߃ ˛ s{]m^. CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

Jfiw A©v :˛ eoemXneIw khntij ]T\w :- aWn{]hmfw˛e£Ww-, kzcq]N¿®,

hn`mK߃˛]m´v, \ºym¥angv˛ e£Ww
hniZ]T\w : ]mT`mKw
eoemXneIw H∂mw in¬∏w ˛CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈bpsS hymJym\w.

klmbI {KŸßƒ
1. eoemXneIw kmaqlnI `mjmimkv{XZr„nbn¬ ˛ tUm.Fkv.hn.j¨apJw
2. aWn{]hmfIhnX ˛ tUm. ]n.hn.thembp[≥]n≈
3. eoemXneIw kºq¿Æw(BapJ ]T\w) ˛ iqc\m´p Ip™≥]n≈
4. a[yIme aebmfw ˛ tUm. ]n.hn. thembp[≥]n≈
5. eoemXneIw kºq¿Æw (hymJym\w) ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈
6. aebmf k¿hIemime tPW¬ ˛hmeyw1 ˛ FUn.s{]m^. Fw.{io\mY≥
7. Poems of Love and War - A.K.Ramanujan
8. Early Manipravalam - A Study - Dr.K.Ramachandran Nair
9. Linguistic interpretation of Lilathilakam - A.R.Gopala Pillai

73
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CRT11

KZykmlnXyw \ncq]Ww
]T-\-e-£y-߃
KZykmlnXycwKØv \mgnI°√pIfmb Nne cN\IfneqsS
aebmf\ncq]WØns‚ A\p{Iaamb hf¿®sb°pdn®v hnZym¿∞nIfn¬
Aht_m[apfhm°pIbpw anI® \ncq]WamXrIIsfbpw KZycN\Isfbpw
]cnNbs∏SpØpIbpamWv ]T\e£yw. AtXmsSm∏w BflIYIƒ, Hm¿ΩIƒ,
A\p`h߃ F∂o kmlnXytaJebnse IrXnIfneqsS alØmb I¿ΩhgnIfpw
KZycN\mcoXnIfpw Xncn®dnbm\p≈ Ahkcsamcp°p∂p.

samUyqƒ ˛ H∂v
aebmfKZykmlnXyØn\v ASnØdbn´ {]mcw`L´\ncq]WamXrIIƒ, 19˛mw
\q‰m≠nse ssh⁄m\nI \thm∞m\ \ncq]Ww, ]{XamknIIfnse kmlnXy\ncq]Ww,
k¿§mflI\ncq]Ww
hniZ]T\Øn\v
1.kn.]n. ANypXtat\m≥ : hmb\°m¿ (kn.]n. ANypXtat\ms‚
kmlnXyhna¿i\w)
2.G.B¿.cmPcmPh¿Ω : a[yÿXocpam\w(G.Bdns‚
sXcs™SpØ {]_‘߃)
3.tIkcn F._meIrjvW]n≈ : kapZmbØnse hnjw Xo\nIƒ
(tIkcnbpsS kmlnXyhna¿i\߃)
4.Ip´nIrjvWamcm¿ : Ie PohnXsØ Fßs\ kv]¿in°p∂p
(Ie PohnXw Xs∂)
5.Fw.]n.t]mƒ : lmkyØns‚ Dev]Øn (ImhyZ¿i\w)
6. tPmk^v ap≠t»cn : Bims‚ koX (Bim≥-IhnX Hcp ]T\w--˛
ap≠t»cnIrXnIƒ hmeyw ˛2)
samUyqƒ c≠v˛
hyXykvXamb \ncq]WamXrIIƒ ˛ ]cnh¿Ø\hmZw,kuµcyhmZw,
Jfi\hna¿i\w, a\ximkv{X\ncq]Ww, am¿IvknÃv \ncq]Ww.

1.tUm.sI.`mkvIc≥\mb¿
2.kpIpam¿ Agot°mSv
3.C.Fw.Fkv.
4.Fw. eoemhXn
5. Ip‰n∏pg IrjvW]n≈
: `mjmIhnX([\yhmZw)
: Nߺpg aebmfkmlnXyØn¬ (caW\pw
aebmfIhnXbpw)
: h≈tØmƒ IhnXIfpw
tZiob{]ÿm\hpw (C.Fw.Fkns‚
sXcs™SpØ {]_‘߃)
: klys‚ aI\pw aIfpw (AarXaiv\ptX)
: IhnXbpw XØzNn¥bpw (kmlnXobw)

74
samUyqƒ aq∂v
\ho\hna¿i\w: hyXykvXamb kuµcyimkv{XØns‚bpw temIho£W
Øns‚bpw ASnÿm\Ønep≈ hna¿i\w, Zm¿i\nI kao]\w, AkvXnXzhmZ]camb
kao]\w, ssk≤m¥nI kao]\w, DØcm[p\nIX..
hniZ]T\Øn\v
1.]n.sI.cmPtiJc≥ : B[p\nIX/DØcm[p\nIX
c≠pkwhmZ߃ (GIm¥\Kc߃)
2.sI.]n. A∏≥ : aebmft\mhense c≠mw {]Xnk‘n
(amdp∂ aebmft\mh¬)
3.I¬∏‰ \mcmbW≥ : ho≠pw h∂q amºg°mew
(IhnXbpsS PohNcn{Xw)
4.]n. KoX : BcyamInepa\mcyamInepw
(BcyamInepa\mcyamInepw)
5.hn.sI.DÆnIrjvW≥ : ISΩ\n´°hnXIfnse {]hmk[z\nIƒ
(au\Øns‚ k¿KIm¥n)
6.C.]n.cmPtKm]me≥ : `mjbpsS IShpIƒ (kwkvImcØns‚ IpSnepIƒ)
samUyqƒ \mev ˛ kwkvImc]T\hpw kmlnXyhpw, Iogmf]T\w
hniZ]T\Øn\v
1.sI.sI.sIm®v : tIcfw ad∂ kmaqlnI]cnjvImcw
(hmb\bpsS ZfnXv ]mT߃)
2.{]Zo]≥ ]mºncnIp∂v : kmlnXyNcn{X߃ \nßtfmSp kwkmcn®Xv
(ZfnXv kuµcyimkv{Xw)
3.Fw.F≥.hnPb≥ : {]Xnk‘nbnemIp∂ tIcfob PohnXw
(Hfn®pISØnb Bbp[߃)
4._n. AtimIv : BflkzmX{¥yØns‚ alm{]hmNI≥
(KpcpZ¿i\w kaImeo\ PohnXØn¬)
5.sI.C.F≥ : sIm°pIpfn®m¬ Im°bmIptam?
(Idp∏ns‚ kuµcyimkv{Xw)
samUyqƒ A©v
KZyØns‚ hnhn[ Bhnjv I mc߃--˛ BflIY, bm{XhnhcWw, kv a cWIƒ,
A\p`hw
hniZ]T\Øn\v
1._n. lrZbIpamcn : hf¿®bpsS Nne ]ShpIƒ
(\µn]q¿∆w ˛ BflIY)
2.ju°Øv : lcnZzmcw
(lnamebw˛bm{XIfpsS Hcp ]pkvXIw˛
2˛mw A[ymbw)
3.F≥.F. \ko¿ : ImSns\ sN∂p sXmSptºmƒ
(ImSns\ sN∂p sXmSptºmƒ)
4.Un.hn\bN{µ≥ : Act߉߃ sNm√[nImc߃
(A\p`hw, Hm¿Ω, bm{X)
5.sI.B¿.aoc : hm°pIfpsS sR´n∏n°p∂ Xntcm[m\w
(agbn¬ ]d°p∂ ]£nIƒ)
6.Fkv. imcZ°p´n : s^bvkv_p°v : ]m´pw IYbpw ad∂hcpsS Nn√
(Rm≥ \n߃s°Xnsc BImisØbpw `qansbbpw
km£yw sh°p∂p. )

75
klmbI {KŸßƒ
aebmfkmlnXyhna¿i\w˛kpIpam¿ Agot°mSv
XnckvImcw˛sI.]n.A∏≥, Cw{]n‚ v sIm√w
IePohnXwXs∂˛Ip´nIrjvWamcm¿, amcm¿ kmlnXy{]Imiw, tImgnt°mSv
ap≠t»cn IrXnIƒ˛Id‚ v _pIvkv Xriq¿
kmlnXy\ncq]Ww ˛ sI.ZmtamZc≥
Ipekv{Xobpw N¥s∏Æpw D≠mbsXßs\˛ sP.tZhnI
tIkcnbpsS kmlnXyhna¿i\߃˛kmlnXy{]h¿ØI klIcWkwLw
]gbIrXn ]pXnb s]mcpƒ ˛tZiawKew cmaIrjvW≥
kºq¿Æ IrXnIƒ ˛Fw.F≥.hnPb≥, Id‚ v_pIvkv, Xriq¿
aebmfkmlnXyhna¿i\w˛ ]n.hn.thembp[≥ ]n≈

76
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CRT12

hymIcWw, `mjmNcn{Xw
]T\e£yw
aebmfhymIcWØnse ASnÿm\k¶ev ] \߃, D®mcWw, cq]{]Inb,
hmIyLS\ F∂nh a\ nem°n aebmfw {]tbmKn°m≥ {]m]vXcm°pI.
aebmf`mjbpsS Dev]Øn a\ nem°n `mj ]n∂n´ hgnIƒ Xncn®dnbpI, PohXv
`mjbmb aebmfw Ne\mflIamWv F∂Xn\m¬ hymIcWcq]ßfpsS
{]tbmKØnep≠mIp∂ ]cnWmaw a\ nem°pI. kmlnXy]T\Øn¬
hymIcW]T\Øn\p≈ {]m[m\yw t_m[ys∏SWw.

BapJw
hymIcW]T\Øn\v B[mc{KŸw A\nhmcyamWv . tIcf]mWn\obØnse
hymIcW XØzßfmWv ASnÿm\w. k‘n]T\Øn\v eoemXneIw aq∂mwinev]hpw
enwKhN\hn`‡nIƒ°v c≠mwinev ] hpw kzoIcn°Ww. `mjmNcn{X]T\Øn\v
]q¿∆tIcf`mj B[mcam°Ww.
samUyqƒ H∂v
hymIcWw F¥v, F¥n\v˛hymIcW]T\Øns‚ {]m[m\yw˛ [z\n, h¿Æw, A£cw,
en]n \n¿∆N\w˛aebmf A£c߃ h¿§oIcWhpw hnhcWhpw˛ D®mcWÿm\w,
D®mcW coXn, ip{Xnt`ZImcW߃˛ h¿ÆhnImcw, kwhrtXmImcw˛
i–hn`mKw˛hmNIw, tZymXIw˛ hn`mK߃˛k‘n˛ \n¿∆N\w˛h¿§oIcWw˛
eoemXneIØnse k‘nhn`P\w.
samUyqƒ c≠v
\mahn`mKw˛hniZ]T\w, enwKw˛hN\w˛hn`‡n˛ImcIw, {]XybßfpsS cq]w,
DZv`hNcn{Xw, {]tbmK[¿Ωw, hn`‡ym`mkw˛an{ihn`‡n, kamkhn`‡n,
\nKo¿ÆI¿ØrIw˛ X≤nXw, \ma[mXp,
samUyqƒaq∂v
{Inbmhn`mKw hniZ]T\w˛ Imew, {]Imcw, {]tbmKw, tIhew˛
{]tbmPIw˛ImcnXw, AImcnXw˛A\p{]tbmKw, kI¿ΩIw, AI¿ΩIw, ap‰phn\,
]‰phn\˛t]sc®w, hn\sb®w, \ntj[w˛{]XybßfpsS \njv]Øn˛
h¿Øam\Ime{]Xybw˛ Jne[mXp˛ AwKn{Inb˛ IrØv
samUyqƒ \mev
t`ZIw˛hn`P\w˛\n]mXw˛ Ahybw, kamkw˛XXv]pcpj≥, _lp{holn, Zzµz≥,
Ahybo`mh≥˛hmIyLS\˛Nq¿ÆnI, k¶o¿ÆhmIyw, AwKmwKnhmIyw˛]Z{Iaw˛
Nn”\w.
samUyqƒ A©v
`mjmNcn{Xw. aebmf]ZØns‚ \ncp‡n˛ tZikw⁄bpw `mjm
kw⁄bpw˛aebmf `mtjmev]ØnhmZ߃˛kwkvIrXP\yw˛kzX{¥hmZw, XangvP\yw,
an{i`mjmhmZw, L´hn`P\w˛ Icn¥angvImew, aebm◊°mew, aebmf°mew˛]m´p`mj,
aWn{]hmf`mj, {]mNo\aebmfKZyw˛anj\dnKZyw˛ imk\`mj, A\y`mjmkzm[o\w.
77
klmbI{KŸßƒ
tIcf]mWn\obw˛G. B¿.cmPcmPh¿Ω
]q¿htIcf`mj˛sI.Fw.{]`mIchmcy¿
eoemXneIw ˛ ]cn`mj˛CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈
aebmfhymIcWkn≤m¥ßƒ tIcf]mWn\obØn\p tijw˛ F≥.sI.tacn
aebmfhymIcWkao£ ˛ sI.Fw.{]`mIchmcy¿
`mjmhtemI\w ˛ sI.Fw.{]`mIchmcy¿
tIcf`mjmhymIcWw ˛ C.hn.F≥ \ºqXncn
tIcf]mWn\ob `mjyw ˛ kn.F¬. B‚Wn
hymIcWhnthIw ˛ F≥. F≥. aq Xv
ssIcfoi_vZm\pimk\w ˛ sI.kpIpamc]n≈
i_vZku`Kw ˛ ^m.tPm¨ Ip∂∏≈n
B[p\nI aebmfhymIcWw ˛ sI.Fkv.\mcmbW]n≈
hymIcW \nL≠p ˛ Cc©nbw chn

78
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ CeIvSohv tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CBT01

aebm-f-Ønse kv{Xoc-N-\-Iƒ
]T-\-e-£y-߃
ae-bm-f-Ønse kv{Xo-c-N-\-Isf ASnÿm-\-am-°n-s°m≠v tIc-f-Ønse kv{Xo-b-h-ÿ-Iƒ
hni-I-e\w sNøp-I.
Fgp-Ønse kv{Xo-I-¿XrXzw, km[y-X-Iƒ Ch Xncn-®-dn-bpI˛ `mj, BJym\w Ch-bn¬
Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂ hyXn-cn-‡-X-Iƒ Is≠-ØpI.
apJy-[mcmFgp-Øns‚(?) enwK-]-c-amb cmjv{So-b-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bpI.
aXw, IpSp_w, hnZym-`ymkw, am[yaw XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-߃ enwK-hn-th-N-\sØ Dev-]m-
Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xns\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI
Bflo-b-X,- cm-jv{So-bm-[n-Imcw XpS-ßn-b-h-bnse kv{XoIfpsS CSw hni-I-e\w sNøpI

samUyqƒ ˛ H∂v -˛ teJ\w

kv{Xohm-Z-]-c-amb \ncq-]-W-߃ apt∂m-´p-sh-bv°p∂ Bi-bm-Z¿i-߃ ˛ kmln-
Xy-Øns‚ ]p\¿hm-b-\-bnepw hna¿i-\-Ønepw k{Xo-hmZ kn≤m¥ßfpsS km[y-X-Iƒ˛
Ah-bpsS hyXy-kvXa - m-\ß
- ƒ ˛ Bfl-IY - I- f
- nse kv{Xo]-£hniI-e\Øns‚ {]k-‡n.
efn-Xmw-_nIm A¥-¿÷\w ˛ `m-cX - kv{XoI-fpsS ]Zhn bp-Kß
- f
- n-eqsS (ko-X a
- p-X¬
kXyh-Xn-hsc)
KoX ˛ ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS Imhy-`m-jy-߃ (tZ-h-Zq-Xn-Iƒ am™p-t]m-hXv)
Fkv. imc-Z-°p-´n ˛ kv{Xo kz¥w PohnXsagp-Xp-tºmƒ (s]¨hn-\n-a-b-߃)
samUyqƒ c≠v˛IY
s]¨I-Y-I-fnse kzXzm-hn-jvImcw ˛ IYm-c-N-\-bnse kv{Xo I¿Ør-Xz-Øns‚ khn-
ti-jXIƒ ˛ `mj, {]tabw, cq]-inev]w F∂n-h-bnse hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ
kc-kz-Xn-bΩ ˛ s]¨_p≤n
KoXm-ln-c-Wy≥ ˛ lrZ-b-]-c-am¿∞n
t{Kkn ˛ {`m¥v
N{µ-aXn ˛ CXm -C-hnsS Hcp sS°n
sI.-B¿ aoc ˛ Ben^v sebve
samUyqƒ aq∂v ˛IhnX
kvss{XW-I¿XrXzw ˛ B-hn-jvIm-c-Ønse sshhn-[yw˛ cN-\-bpsS cmjv{Sobw
_mem-a-Wn-bΩ ˛ hr≤-I-\yI
knÿ tacn _\o™ ˛ Bflm-hns‚ kvt\-l-KoX (H∂mw `mKw)
kpK-X-Ip-am-cn˛ ag-Øp≈n
KncnP ]n. ]mtX-°c ˛ sIm≠m´w
_nµp-Ir-jvW≥ ˛ ssZh-Øns‚ skm¥w
[\y Fw.-Un. ˛ {]Wbta.....
samUyqƒ \mev ˛ t\mh¬
]mcn-ÿn-XnI kv{XohmZ Bflo-b-X-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ˛ ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw {]Ir-
Xn-bp-sSbpw Nc-°p-h-Xv°-cWw ˛ `mj, BJym-\w XpS-ßn-b-h-bnse ]pXp-am-Xr-I-Iƒ.
km-dm- tPm-k^v˛-BXn- -

79
samUyqƒ A©v ˛\m-SIw
kv{Xo \mS-I-thZn ˛ Ac-ßnse ]pXp Ah-X-c-W-߃ ˛ s]¨a-bpsS `mjyw˛ DS-
se-gp-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ
Iew-Im-cn-bpsS IY ˛ sI.-hn.-{ioP
klm-b-{K-Ÿ-߃
1. -F-gp-Ø-Ω-Ωm¿ ˛KoX-˛ tI-c-f-`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v, Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
2. tZh-Zq-Xn-Iƒ am™p-t]m-h-Xv-˛- KoX
3.- ssk-_¿I-Y-I-fnse kv{Xo˛-kp\oX Sn.hn, tI-c-f-`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
4.- s^-an-\nkw˛ F≥ Pb-Ir-jvW≥(k-am-l-c-Ww), tI-c-f-`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
5. hnth-N-\-Øns‚ `n∂-ap-J-߃-˛-tI-c-f-imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn-jØv
6. kv{Xo]-£-am-[ya ]T-\-߃ ˛ tUm. ayqkv tacn tPm¿÷v
7. DS-e-[n-Im-cw-˛ -tUm. ayqkv tacn tPm¿÷v
8. -D-S¬ Hcp s\bvØv, Pn.- -D-jm-Ip-am-cn-˛Fkv.]n.kn.-Fkv
9. kv{Xobpw Bflo-b-Xbpw ˛ tUm. kn-ÿ t\mb¬ tdmkv, aoUnb _pIvkv
10. A]-c-`m-jy-߃-˛-tlm-a-am-en\n, I-d‚ v _pIvkv
11. sI.-B¿ aoc-bpsS IY-Iƒ , I-d‚ v _pIvkv
12. kpK-X-Ip-am-cn-bpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ , Un.kn. _pIvkv
13. ssZh-Øns‚ skm¥w˛ _nµp IrjvW≥
14. ]¨]n-d-hn˛ KncnP ]n. ]mtX-°-c˛sUn.kn _pIvkv
15. _\o™I-hn-X-Iƒ ˛ Un.kn. _pIvkv
16. kc-kz-Xn-b-Ω-bpsS kºq¿Æ-Ir-Xn-Iƒ
17. CXm ChnsS Hcp sS°n˛N-{µa-Xn˛ Un.kn _pIvkv
18. k{Xohm-Zw˛ sP.-tZ-hnI, Unkn._p-Ivkv.
19. s^an-\nkw Ncn-{X]-c-amb At\z-jWw ˛tUm.-Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn, {]-`mXv _pIvkv.
20. ae-bmf \mSIkv{XoNcn{Xw -˛ kPn-Xm-a-T-Øn¬, am-Xr-`qan
21. s]sÆ-gp-Xp∂ PohnXw ˛ F≥.-sI.-c-ho-{µ≥, am-Xr-`qan
22. apZnX˛ae-bm-fØ - nse Zfn-Xs
v ]¨I-hn-XI- f
- psS kam-lmcw ˛ Fw.-_n.-at- \mPv (k-am.)
23. \jvS-s∏´ \mWbw ˛ tUm.-kn-ÿ t\mb¬ tdmkv (F-Un.) Fkv.-]n.-kn.-F-kv.
24.-s]¨hn-\n-a-b-߃ ˛ tUm. F-kv.- im-c-Z-°p´n

80
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ CeIvSohv tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CBT02

am[yahn⁄m\obw

A®Sn apXep≈ am[ya߃ ]cnNbs∏SpIbpw h¿Øam\ImeL´Ønse

am[yakwkvImc coXn Xncn®dnbpIbpamWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw
samUyqƒ H∂v
`mj˛am[yaw˛hy‡nKXBibhn\nabw˛kmaqlnI Bibhn\nabw˛
A®SnbpsSbpw ISemkns‚bpw I≠p]nSnØw˛am\hkwkvImcØn¬ hcpØnb am‰w.
A®SnbpsS Ncn{Xw˛ BZyIme]{XamknIIƒ˛ am[yacwKsØ kv{Xokm∂n[yw˛ KZy
kmlnXyØns‚ hf¿®bn¬ ]{X߃ \¬Inb kw`mh\˛hm¿Ø˛ dnt∏m¿´nwKv ˛
FUn‰nwKv ]{X{]h¿Ø\w˛A®Snam[yaw t\cnSp∂ sh√phnfnIƒ.
samUyqƒ c≠v
{ihyam[yaw˛tdUntbm ˛Ncn{Xw˛hnhn[L´ßƒ˛C¥ybpsS hnIk\Øn¬
tdUntbm˛ \¬Inbkw`mh\˛IemkmlnXytaJebn¬ tdUntbm {]t£]WØns‚
ÿm\w˛hm¿ØmhnXcWkm[yX˛kzImcy]¶mfnØw˛F^v. Fw. tdUntbm˛ h¿Øam\
ImeL´Øn¬ tdUntbm {]t£]WØns‚ km[yX.
samUyqƒ aq∂v
Zriyam[yaw˛sSenhnj≥˛Ncn{Xw˛kzmImcy ]¶mfnØw˛hnt\mZhn⁄m\
hnhchn\nab am[yaw.˛t{_mUvImÃnwKv sSenImÃnwKvIº\nIƒ ˛D]{Klkwt{]£Ww
˛tI_nƒ Nm\¬˛ H._n.hm≥˛ X’abkwt{]jWw hm¿ØmNm\¬˛ Sn.hn.]ckyw˛
kwkvImckzm[o\w
samUyqƒ \mev
\ham[ya߃ ˛tkmjy¬ aoUnb˛hm¿ØmhnXcWØnse ]pXnb
{]hWXIƒ˛s]mXp t_m[cq]oIcWØn¬ am[ya߃°p≈ ]¶v˛ssk_¿ kwkvImcw
samUyqƒ A©v
hnhckmt¶XnIhnZy˛Iºyq´¿ kmam\y]cnNbw˛aebmfwtkm^v‰v shbdpIƒ,
aebmfw Un.‰n.]n.
klmbI{KŸßƒ
am[yaßfpw aebmfkmlnXyhpw˛Fw.hn.tXmakv
aebmf sSenhnj≥Ncn{Xw˛Sn.sI.kt¥mjvIpam¿
Zriy`mj˛sI.Fkv.cmPtiJc≥
amdp∂ temIw amdp∂ am[yatemIw ˛F≥.]n.cmtP{µ≥
am[ya]T\߃˛FUn. ]∑\ cmaN{µ≥ \mb¿
P\{]nbkwkvImcw˛jmPntP°_v

81
 _n.F.aebmfw
skaÿ 6 tIm¿ CeIvSohv tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML6CBT03

kwkv-Im-c-]T-\w
B-apJw
kw-kv-Im-cw F-∂ ]-Zw A-Sp-Ø-Im-ew h-scbpw kq-Nn-∏n-®n-cp∂-Xv k-aq-l-Øn-se I-e-Iƒ,io-
e-߃,h-g-°-߃ F-∂n-h-bp-sS k-hn-ti-j-kz-`m-hw F-∂ A¿-∞-Øn-em-Wv.s]m-Xp-hn¬
Hcp k-aq-lw Aw-Ko-I-cn-® \√ io-e-ß-fp-sSbpw s]-cp-am-‰-kw-ln-X-I-fp-sS-bpw L-S-\-sb-∂
\n-e-bn-emWv. Cu k-ao-]\-sØ tNmZyw sN-øp-Ibpw kw-kv-Imc-sØ hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b km-
aq-ln-I-{]-{In-b-I-fm-bn t\m-°n-°m-Wp-Ibpw A-h-bp-sS ]-cn-Wm-a-sØbpw A-h-bv-°p-≈n-se
A-[n-Im-c-_-‘-ß-sfbpw hn-i-Ie\w sNøp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂ ]T-\-ta-J-e-sb-∂ \n-e-bn-em-
Wv kw-kv-Im-c-]T\-sØ `m-h-\ sN-øp-∂-Xv.C-Xn-s‚ B-sI-Øp-I-sb∂-Xv kw-kv-Im-cw Ir-
Xyam-b k-Ø-bp-≈,Iq-Sn-°-e-cm-sX \n¬-°p-∂ km-aqln-I {]-tXy-I-X-I-fm-sW∂-Xv X-≈n-
°-f-bp-Ibpw kw-kv-Im-c-sa∂-Xv A-b-™Xpw ]-c-kv]-cw Iq-Sn-°-e-cp-∂-Xpam-b Nn-e {]-Xy-
b-im-kv{- X k-hn-ti-jX - I
- f
- m-sW-∂p hn-iZ- o-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p F-∂X - m-Wv.{]-[m-\a - mbpw
kmw-kv-Imcn-I ]T\-sØ Xm-sg-∏-d-bp-∂ hn-[-Øn¬ A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ømw.
1. kw-kv-Imc-sØ ]pXn-b Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn¬ hn-i-Ie-\w sN-øp-∂,A-Xn-\p-≈n-se A-[n-
Im-c-_-‘-ß-tfbpw {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X{]-tbm-K-ß-tfbpw \n¿-≤mc-Ww sN-øp-∂ B-
i-b-[m-c-sb-∂ \n-e-bn¬
2. N-cn-{X-sØbpw h¿-Ø-am-\-sØbpw {]-iv-\-h¬-°-cn-°p-∂ hn-j-b-sa-∂ \n-e-bn¬
3. ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-∂ P-\-X-bp-sS, enw-K-ß-fp-sS km-aq-ln-Im-[n-Im-c{]-tbm-K-sa-∂
\n-e-bn¬
4. hn-j-bm-¥-c_-‘w km-[y-am-°p-∂ co-Xn-im-kv-{X-sa-∂ \n-e-bn¬
Cu \n-e-bn¬ kw-kv-Im-c-]T\-sØ a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ h-gn-bmWv Cu kn-e-_kv.
JWvUw H∂v
kwkv-Im-c-]T-\w˛\n¿-∆-N-\-߃˛N-cn-{Xw.]-g-b-kw-kv-Im-chpw ]pXn-b kw-kv-Im-c-]T-\hpw
hn-i-Z-]T\w
sdbva-≠v hn-eyw-kv˛kw-kv-Im-c-hn-i-I-e\w (kw-kv-Im-c-\n¿-Ωn-Xn,
t{]m-{K-kv ]-ªn-t°-j≥-kv tIm-gn-t°mSv)
]n.tKm-hn-µ-∏n-≈˛kw-kv-Im-c-]T-\w˛]p-Xp-a,]-g-a,{]-k‡n (kw-kv-Im-c-]T-\w˛
N-cn-{Xw,kn-≤m-¥w,{]-tbm-Kw, a-e-bm-f-]T-\-kwLw)
]n.]n.c-ho-{µ≥˛kw-kv-Im-c-]T-\w H-cm-ap-Jw F-∂ Ir-Xn-bn-se B-Zy A-≤ymbw
JWvUw c≠v
kw-kv-Im-c-]T-\-Øn-s‚ hy-Xy-kv-X-ta-J-eIƒ˛am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ]m-c-º-cyw,am¿-Iv-kn-Ãn-X-c h-gn-
Iƒ˛A-ta-cn-°≥ {_n-´o-jv h-gn-Iƒ˛aq∂mw tem-I Nn-¥-Iƒ˛B-{^n-°≥ Nn-¥Iƒ ({]m-Y-
an- I - [ m- c - W Iƒ am- { Xw)kw- k v - I m- c - ] T- \ - Ø ns‚ hn- j - b - t a- J - e - I ƒ˛]- c n- I - e v - ] - \ Iƒ
(ASnÿm\ -[m-c-W-Iƒ am-{Xw){]-Xy-b-im-kv-{Xw˛tIm-Unw-Kv Uo-tIm-Unw-Kv˛]mTw˛hy-h-lm-
cw˛G-P≥-kn˛P-\-{]n-b-X˛kw-kv-Im-c-hy-h-km-bw˛am-[y-a-X˛Io-gm-fX˛t]m-kv‰v-sIm-tfm-Wn-b-
enkw
hn-i-Z-]T\w
]n.]-hn-{X≥˛kw-kv-Im-c-]T-\-Øn-s‚ aq-∂mw-tem-Ihgn
JWvUw aq∂v
hw-io-b-X,Pm-Xn,enw-K-]-Z-hn,i-co-cw,ssew-KnI-X
sP.tZ-hn-I˛A-]-Y-k-©m-cn-Wn˛I-d-ßn-\-S-∏p-Im-cnbm-b a-e-bm-fn-h-\n-X-sb-tØSn

82
 (]u-cn-bp-sS t\m-´-߃,H-en-hv,tIm-gn-t°mSv)
AP-bv tiJ¿˛Hm¿-Øn-Sp-tºmƒ tJ-Z-ap-≈n¬˛i-–hpw `m-j-Whpw s]m-bv-I-bn¬
A-∏®-s‚ ]m-´p-I-fn¬ ({]-Xy-£-c£m-ssZ-h-k-`m-]m-´p-Iƒ.
k-ºm.hn.hn.kzm-an,C.hn.A-\n¬)
Nn-©p kp-tc-{µ≥˛⁄m-\-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ cm-{„o-bw˛hm-sam-gn h-c-sam-gn
]mTß-sf ap≥-\n¿-Øn-bp-≈ hn-a¿-i-\-hmb-\ (D-dhpw I-\-hpw˛F-Un.Sn.]-hn-{X≥)
k-Pn-X.sI.B¿˛D-Æn-bm¿-® {]-Xn-\n-[m-\-Øn-s‚ {]-iv-\߃
(Xm]-kw tP¿-W¬˛hmeyw P-\p˛G-{]n-¬ 2012)
sI.sI.sIm-®v˛tIc-fw a-d-∂ k-aq-l-]-cn-jv-IcWw
tc-J cm-Pv˛Ip-Spw-_w k-Zm-Nm-cw k-aq-lw˛a-e-bm-f-kn-\n-a-bn-se Pm-Xn˛enw-K
th¿-Xn-cn-hpIƒ (Z-en-Xv kv{Xo C-Ss]-S-epIƒ)
JWvUw \mev
P-\-{]n-b-X,am-[y-a-cm-{„o-bw,]-c-kyw,km-lnXyw
]n.sI._m-e-Ir-jv-W≥˛F-¥m-sW-gp-Ø-—≥(F-gp-Ø—-s‚ I-e F-∂ ]p-kv-XIw)
]n.F-kv.cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥˛P-\-{]n-b-km-ln-Xyw˛I-ebpw I-®-h-Shpw
jm-Pn- tP°-_v ˛am-[y-a-ß-fp-sS kmw-kv-Imcn-I cm-{„obw
k-t¥m-jv am-\n-t®-cn˛]-ckyw Po-hn-Xhpw kw-kv-Im-chpw
tUm.sI.tKm-]n-\m-Y≥˛I-fn-∏m-´-ß-fp-sS cm-{„obw ({]-Xo-I-߃ ]-d-bp-∂Xv)

JWvUw A©v
tI-c-fo-b-X,\m-´p-Po-hn-Xw,]m-c-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ A-t\z-j-W߃
tUm.tIm-d-awK-ew \m-cm-b-W≥ \-ºq-Xn-cn˛\m-´pN-¥ (\m-´p-N-¥-Iƒ,Un.kn._p-Ivkv)
sI.F≥.K-tW-iv˛a-e-bm-f-kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ cq-]o-I-cWw (tI-c-f-k-aq-l-]T-\߃)
]n.tkm-a≥˛tZ-h-Zm-kn-Iƒ C√m-Ø tI-c-f-kw-kv-Imcw
hm-sam-gn ]T-\-ßfpw-Hm¿-Ω-I-fp-sS B-Jym-\-hpw˛jw-km-Zv lp-ssk≥
(B-Zy-`m-Kw am-{Xw)

klmbI{KŸßƒ
kwkvImc]T\w Ncn{Xw, kn≤m¥w, {]tbmKw ˛aebmf]T\kwLw, Id‚ v_pIvkv,tIm´bw
kaImenI kmlnXykn≤m¥w Hcp ]mT]pkvXIw ˛ cm[nI kn. \mb¿
ZfnXv ]T\w kzXzw,kwkvImcw,kmlnXyw˛{]Zo]≥ ]mºncnIp∂v
kwkvImc]T\w HcmapJw ˛ ]n.]n.cho{µ≥
B[p\nIm\¥c kmlnXykao]\߃ ˛ kn.sP.tPm¿÷v

83
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIma¨ tImgvkv

1˛2 skaÃdpIƒ

_n.F.

skaÿ 1 ˛IY,t\mh¬
skaÿ 2 ˛IhnXbpw \mSIhpw

_n.Fkvkn.

skaÿ 1 ˛IY,IhnX
skaÿ 2 ˛KZy]cnNbw

_n.tImw

skaÿ 1 ˛IY,IhnX,\mSIw
skaÿ 2 ˛KZyw,bm{XmhnhcWw

84
 _n.F. tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CCT07

IY, t\mh¬
IY-Iƒ

1. sI. kc-kz-Xn-bΩ ˛ tNme-a-c-߃

2. bp.F JmZ¿ ˛ NmØp-°p-´n-bpsS AΩ
3. Im°-\m-S≥ ˛ akv{Io-\m-kns‚ acWw
4. ]n. ]fl-cm-P≥ ˛ ssIh-cn-bpsS sXt°-b‰w
5. tkXp ˛ Zqc-°m-gvN-Iƒ
6. sshim-J≥ ˛\n-g¬ bp≤w
7. sI.]n cma-\pÆn ˛Fw.-Sn.]n
8. kn.hn _me-Ir-jvW≥ ˛a-°ƒ
9. AjnX ˛HØpXo¿∏p-Iƒ
10. hn.sP sPbnwkv ˛ {]Wtbm]-\n-jØv
11. {]nb F.-Fkv ˛ PmK-cqI
12. Atim-I≥ sNcp-hn¬ ˛ bp≤m-\-¥c hwi-߃

t\mh¬
t{]a-te-J\w -˛ ssh°w apl-ΩZv _-jo¿
]mT-]p-kvXIw ˛ IY-Iƒ, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cWw.

85
 _n.F. tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CCT08

Ihn-Xbpw \mS-Ihpw
Ihn-X-Iƒ

1. C\n bm{X ]d-™n-Ss´ ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

(Nn-¥m-hn-jvS-bmb koX ˛168 apX¬ 186 hsc 18 t«mI߃)
2. Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n
3. acn® Ip™p-߃ hcp-∂p-≠v. ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn
4. aI-t\mSv ˛ IS-Ω-\n´
5. hnj-{K-Ÿn˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥
6. {Kojvahpw IÆocpw ˛ F. Aø-∏≥
7. AXv ˛ ]n.]n cma-N-{µ≥
8. Xnc-kvImcw ˛ a[p-kq-Z-\≥ \mb¿
9. XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ˛ tcWp-Ip-am¿
10. πta-\-Ωmbn-- ˛"ISw' F∂ IhnX am{Xw ˛ sI.-B¿ tSmWn
11. Be-∏pg sh≈w ˛ A\nXm Xºn
12. acn®p t\m°p-tºmƒ ˛ d^oIv Al-ΩZv
13. HmSv tdmkm HmSv ˛ ]n.-F≥ tKm]o-Ir-jvW≥
14. ImØpin£n-°tW ˛ Fw.-Fkv _t\jv
15. πmhns‚ IY ˛ Fk.v Ite-jv.

\mSIw
Hmtcmtcm Ime-Ønepw ˛ {ioP sI.hn
]mT-]p-kvXIw Ihn-X-Iƒ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cWw.

86
 _n.Fkvkn. tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CCT09

IY, IhnX
IY-Iƒ

1. sj¿eIv ˛ Fw.Sn hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

2. e©v ˛ hn.sI. F≥
3. a®-IsØ X®≥ ˛ sI.-B¿ aoc
4. {`a-W-]Yw ˛B\µv
5. PmthZv F∂ apPm-lnZv ˛ _\ym-an≥
6. \rØ-ime ˛ knXmc Fkv.
7. \mev]Xmw \º¿ ag -˛ sI.F sk_m-Ãy≥
8. Bcp-sStbm Hcp kJmhv ˛ sI tcJ
9. sdbn≥Un-b¿ ˛ N{µ-aXn
10. hn`m-hcn ˛ kpk-tajv Nt{µmØv
Ihn-X-Iƒ

1. IdpØ sN´n-®n-Iƒ ˛ CS-t»cn

2. ssIem-k≥ ˛ Ip-co-∏pg {ioIpam¿
3. C≥ Hu´v ˛ sI.-B¿ tSmWn
4. A¥ym-`n-emjw ˛ _me-N-{µ≥ Np≈n-°mSv
5. abn¬ ]oen-I-fpsS CS-hgn ˛ ]hn-{X≥ Xo°p\n
6. ]tdm´n ˛ cmLh≥ AtØmfn
7. A]-cn-NnXw ˛ hocm≥Ip´n
8. AΩsb Ipfn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ ˛ kmhn{Xn cmPo-h≥
9. ÃpU‚ vkv hm´¿I-f¿ ˛ _n\p Fw. ]≈n-∏mSv
10. t]mSm tamt\ Znt\-im˛ F.kn {iolcn

87
 _n.Fkvkn. tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CCT10

KZy]cn-Nbw
aebmf KZyØns‚ i‡nbpw km[yXbpw a\ nem°m≥ ]cym]v X amb
teJ\ßfmWv ChnsS ]T\ hnjbw. H∏w Hm¿ΩIpdn∏pIfneqsS FgpØpImcs\bpw
FgpØpImcs\ cq]s∏SpØnb kaqlsØbpw Xncn®dnbp∂Xv Fßs\sb∂v
a\ nem°m≥ km[n°p∂p.

1. teJ\߃

1. IhnXbpsS A\nhmcyX˛ _n cmPoh≥

2. aebmfw˛ `cW`mjbpw tImSXn `mjbpw˛ ]n.]hn{X≥
3. tIcfØn¬ dmWnam¿ D≠mbncpt∂m˛ sP. tZhnI
4. \mS≥ imkv{X kmt¶XnI ]mcºcyhpw B[p\nI \mKcnIXbpw˛ hn.F®v.Zncm¿
5. ⁄m\kv\m\w˛ hn.Sn. `´Xncn∏mSv
6. ]cnÿnXn kv{XohmZhpw aebmf kmlnXyhpw˛ tUm. an\n{]kmZv
7. tIcf \mSIw˛t{]£IcpsS ]cnWma Ncn{Xw˛ C.]n.cmPtKm]m-e≥
8. XmfØns‚ tKm]pc߃˛ sI.kn. \mcmbW≥
9. km[pP\]cn]me\ kwLhpw ]peb almk`bpw˛ ]n.tKmhnµ]n≈
10. hmb\bpsS _eX{¥w˛sI.C.F≥.

2. Hm¿Ω°pdn∏v

Poh]cy-¥w ˛ inlm_p±n≥ s]mbvØpwIShv

88
 _n.tImw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CCT11

IY, Ihn-X, \mSIw

IY-Iƒ

1. a-\pjy]p{Xn ˛ efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿P\w

2. ae-ap-I-fnse A_vZp≈ ˛ ]p\-Øn¬ Ip™-_vZp≈

3. lo{_p-hn¬ Hcp t{]a-te-J\w ˛ a[p-]m¬

4. ]dp-Zokm \jvSw ˛ kp`mjv N{µ≥

5. \q¬ ˛ \µ-Ip-am¿

6. -]IXa ˛ hn.-B¿ kp[o-jv

7. A\¥]fl-\m-`s‚ ac-°p-Xn-c-Iƒ ˛ jmln\ C.sI

Ihn-X-Iƒ

1. Acn-bn-√m-™n´v ˛ssh-tem-∏n≈n

2. hmbmSn ˛ CS-t»cn

3. tImhn-en\p ]pdsØ sNcn-∏ns‚ {]m¿∞\ ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

4. [\pjvtImSnbnse \ngepIƒ ˛ tZiawKew cmaIrjvW≥

5. `mK-hXw ˛ hnP-b-e£van

6. kpJ-Ime Io¿Ø\w ˛Un. kt¥mjv

7. tNm¿s∂men°p∂ apdn ˛inhZmkv ]pdtacn

\mSIw :

cmhpÆn ˛ ]n.-Fw. XmPv

]mT-]p-kvXIw ˛ 7 IY-Ifpw 7 Ihn-X-Ifpw tN¿Øv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww.

89
 _n.tImw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 tIma¨ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CCT12

KZyw, bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw
sXmgne[njv T nX t{]m{KmapIfn¬ ]Tn°p∂ _n.tImw hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v
KZycN\bn¬ kmam\yamb ]cnNbw \¬IpI F∂XmWv ]T\Øns‚ e£yw. H∏w
bm{XmhnhcWØns‚ sI´pw a´pw a\ nem°phm≥ CXp hgn km[n°Ww .

1. teJ\߃
1. IhnXbpsS A\nhmcyX˛ _n cmPoh≥
2. aebmfw˛ `cW`mjbpw tImSXn `mjbpw˛ ]n.]hn{X≥
3. tIcfØn¬ dmWnam¿ D≠mbncpt∂m˛ sP. tZhnI
4. \mS≥ imkv{X kmt¶XnI ]mcºcyhpw B[p\nI \mKcnIXbpw˛ hn.F®v Zncm¿
5. ⁄m\kv\m\w˛ hn.Sn. `´Xncn∏mSv
6. ]cnÿnXn kv{XohmZhpw aebmf kmlnXyhpw˛ tUm. an\n{]kmZv
7. tIcf \mSIw˛t{]£IcpsS ]cnWma Ncn{Xw˛ C.]n.cmPtKm]m-e≥
8. XmfØns‚ tKm]pc߃˛ sI.kn. \mcmbW≥
9. km[pP\]cn]me\ kwLhpw ]peb almk`bpw˛ ]n.tKmhnµ]n≈
10. hmb\bpsS _eX{¥w˛sI.C.F≥.

2. bm{XmhnhcWw
lna-h-gn-bnse _p≤-k-©m-c-߃˛ sI. _n. {]k-∂-Ip-am¿

90
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn

tIm¿, tImwπnsa‚dn, shmt°jW¬

tImgvkpIƒ

1-˛6 skaÃdpIƒ

91
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, shmt°jW¬, tImwπnsa‚dn
tImgvkpIƒ

H∂mw skaÿ

tIm¿

\ho\IhnX

tImwπnsa‚dn

]ckyIebpw ]cky`mjbpw
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
{]km[\]cnNbw (tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
\mSIhpw kn\nabpw
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)

92
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CRT01

\ho\IhnX
]Tt\mt±iy߃

1. aebmf IhnXbnse hyXykvX `mhpIXz]cnWXnIƒ a\ nem°pI.

2. {]tabØnepw Imhy`mjbnepap≠mIp∂ \hamb am‰ßfnse cmjv{Sob t_m[yhpw
emhWyhnNmchpw Xncn®dnbpI.
3. ]cnÿnXn, ZfnXv, kv{Xo, \yq\]£m\p`hßfpsS Bhnjv°cWØneqsS
km[yamIp∂ _lpkzckz`mhw a\ nem°pI.
4. kaImenIIhnXbnse ]eabpsS ]pXpabpw Imhy`mjbpsS kcfXbnse
Kl\Xbpw ssk_¿ FgpØns‚ km[yXbpw Dƒs°m≈pI.
5. hna¿i\mflI ]p\¿hmb\bpsS ]pXp]mT߃ IhnXm]T\Øn¬ {]k‡amWv
F∂p Xncn-®-dn-bpI.

samUyqƒ H∂v

Imev]\nI `mhpIXzØns‚ IS∂phchv, `mh\m kº∂Xbpw ]ZkuIpamcyhpw

kwKoXmflIXbpw {]IrXn t{]ahpw CSXnßnb Iev]\m]cXIƒ, _Z¬[mcbmbn
IS∂ph∂ ZfnXv FgpØns‚ km[yX.
1. BflKoXw ˛ Nߺpg IrjvW]n≈
2. \nanjw ˛ Pn. i¶c°pdp∏v
3. ImWp∂osemc£chpw F∂ ]m´v ˛ s]mbvIbn¬ Ipamc KpcptZh≥
(10 aWn°q¿)
samUyqƒ c≠v

am\hnIXbpsS CgbSp∏ßfpw kvt\lkwL¿jßfpsS i‡nZu¿_eyßfpw

BJym\mflIambn AhXcn∏n® IhnXIƒ. tIcfob {]IrXnbpsS kuµcymflI
Kl\XIƒ. Xo{h`mh\mflIXIfn¬ \n∂v kmaqlnI PohnXØns‚ ]cp°\\p`h
ßfntebv°p Imepd∏n® IhnXIƒ.
4. Ibv∏-h-√cn ˛ sshtem∏n≈n {io[ctat\m≥
5. IdpØ sN´n-®n-Iƒ ˛ CSt»cn tKmhnµ≥\mb¿
6. aZn-cm-in-bn¬ Hcp kmbm”w ˛ F≥.-hn.-Ir-jvWhm-cy¿
(10 aWn°q¿)
samUyqƒ aq∂v

B[p\nI PohnXØns‚ IepjXIƒ, kzXzkwL¿j߃, _nw_Iev]\Ifnse

hyXykvXX, `mjbnse ]co£WmflIX, Zp¿{KlX, IdpØlmkyw, \Kcm\p`hw,
sNm¬°mgvNIfpsS km[yXIƒ, A\mYXzw, Ae®n¬, \nehnfn˛ChtbmSp ]£w tNcp∂
ehWm\p`hØns‚ IhnXIƒ.
7. ]q°mXncn°ms\\n°mhXnt√ ˛ Aø∏∏Wn°¿
8. tImgn ˛ ISΩ\n´ cmaIrjvW≥

93
 9. taLcq]≥ ˛ B‰q¿
10. ho´ntebv°p≈ hgn ˛ Un. hn\bN{µ≥
11. aoc ]mSp∂p ˛ k®nZm\µ≥
12. AØmgw ˛ F. Aø∏≥
13. {Um°pf ˛ _meN{µ≥ Np≈n°mSv
14. CjvSapSn°mb¬ ˛ Ipco∏pg {ioIpam¿
(25 aWn°q¿)
samUyqƒ \mev

]eabpsS ]mTambn amdnb IhnX. ]cnÿnXn, kv { Xo, ZfnXv ]£ßƒ

{]k‡amIp∂p. Imhy`mjsb kw_‘n® apJy[mcm k¶ev]\ßfpsS Agn®p]WnIƒ,
Ncn{XØnse au\sØ `mjyam°nb cN\Iƒ, DØmcm[p\nIXbpsS
kzcsshNn{Xy߃, kcfXbpsS [z\nkm{µXsb Dƒ°\am°p∂ hyXykv X X,
tªmsKgpØv, ssk_¿ CSØns‚ A]cntab km[yX, ImgvN]cX, Xm¬°menIX.
15. sIm®nbnse hr£ßƒ ˛ sI.Pn. i¶c∏n≈
16. hn¬]{Xw ˛ hnP-b-e£van
17. Imt‰ ISte ˛ ]n.]n.cmaN{µ≥
18. kvt\lw ˛ hn.Fw. KncnP
19. sXm´p sXm´p \S°ptºmƒ ˛ hocm≥ Ip´n
20. \o AdnbpI ˛ Fw._n. at\mPv
21. ssI°eØpWnIƒ ˛ hnPne
22. ap≈p-Iƒ am{Xw _m°n-bm-Ip∂ IS¬ ˛ skdo\
(25 aWn°q¿)

klmbI {KŸßƒ

1. IhnXm kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ tUm. Fw. eoemhXn

2. B[p\nIXbpsS a[ym”w ˛ \tc{µ{]kmZv
3. B[p\nIXbpsS Nph∂ hm¬ ˛ \tc{µ{]kmZv
4. Imev]\nIX ˛ _n. lrZbIpamcn
5. aebmf IhnXm ]T\߃ ˛ k®nZm\µ≥
6. ]pXpsamgn hgnIƒ ˛ B‰q¿ chnh¿Ω
7. s]mbvIbn¬ A∏®≥
IogmfcpsS hntamNI≥ ˛ sI.Fw. se\n≥
8. s]¨hgnIƒ ˛ sI.Pn. i¶c∏n≈
9. B[p\nIX aebmf IhnXbn¬ ˛ F≥. APbIpam¿
10. apZnX˛aebmfØnse ZfnXv s]¨IhnXIƒ ˛ Fw._n. at\mPv (kamlcWw)
11. bph IhnX°q´w (BapJw) ˛ tUm. sI. Fw. thWptKm]m¬
12. A£chpw B[p\nIXbpw ˛ C.hn. cmaIrjvW≥
13. \thm∞m\ aebmf IhnX ˛ Fkv. cmPtiJc≥
14. CSs]SepIƒ, kmlnXyw,
kn≤m¥w, cmjv{Sobw ˛ ]n.]n. cho{µ≥
15. B[p\nI aebmf IhnXbnse
kv{Xo]£ kao]\߃ ˛ KoX
16. FgpØΩam¿ ˛ KoX
17. t]mÃv tImtfmWnb¬

94
 aebmf IhnX ˛ tUm. cmPp h≈n°q∂w
18. FgpØv: IcpØpw hnizmkhpw ˛ tUm. kn. B¿ {]kmZv
19. IhnXbnse ÿeIme߃ ˛ tUm. F. Achnµm£≥
20. knw_enkw aebmf IhnXbn¬ ˛ sI.Fw. thWptKm]m¬
21. aebmf IhnX B[p\nIXbpw
]mcºcyhpw ˛ Fw.B¿. cmLhhmcnb¿
22. ]Xn‰m≠ns‚ IhnX ˛ Ggmt®cn cmaN{µ≥
23. ]T\Øn\p kzoIcn°p∂ IhnIfpsS kºq¿Æ IrXnIfpsS AhXmcnIIƒ

95
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1VOT01

]c-ky-I-ebpw ]cky`mjbpw

samUyqÄ 1
F´mWv ]ckyw , k¦ev¸\§Ä, \nÀÆN\§Ä, kn²m´§Ä, ]ckyNn{Xw,B[p-\nI
]c-ky-kn-²m-´-§Ä
samUyqÄ 2.
F´mWv ]cky`mj. ]cky§fn D]tbmKn¡p¶ `mjbpsS \m\mhi§sf¸änbpff
]T\w. hyXykvX am[ya§fpw AhbpsS `mjbpw ]{Xw, tdUntbm sSenhnj³, ^nenw
CâÀs\äv F¶o am[ya§fnse ]cky \nÀ½mW¯nsâ kmt¦XnIXIfpw AhbpsS
am[ya `mjbpw.
samUyqÄ 3.
]cky \nÀ½mW¯nsâ aps¶mcp¡§Ä, KthjWw, hn{Ibmwiw, tIm¸n Nn´\w, tIm¸n
LS\, tIm¸n ssien, Iemwiw, te Hu«v aäv FÃm kmt¦XnIIfpw
samUyqÄ 4
]ckyIebnse kÀ¤mXvaIX. ]pXnb Bib§Ä F§s\ Is-¯mw, kÀ¤mXvaIX
F§s\ hfÀ¯nsbSp¡mw. sFUntbj³ sFUntbäÀ, {_bn³ tÌman§v F´v?v.
AXnsâ {]][m\yw AXv F§s\ {]mhÀ¯nIam¡mw.
samUyqÄ 5]ckytIm¸nbpw hnhÀ¯\hpw. hnhÀ¯\w kn²m´hpw {]tbmKhpw ]cky
tIm¸nbpw {]mtZinI`mjIfpw, ]ckytIm¸n hnhÀ¯\w sN¿pt¼mÄ {i²nt¡-h.
samUyqÄ 6 ]ckytIm¸n sSÌn§pw hniIe\hpw, tIm¸n sSÌn§v F¶m F´v?
AXnsâ {][m\yw,AXv F§s\ \nÀhln¡mw kn²m´§fpw {]tbmK§fpw

]mT]pkvXI§Ä
1 Want to be Copywriter? Sunanda Nag.
2 Copywriting in a Week - Robert Ashton (Holder and stughton)
3 A Technique for Producing Ideas - James Webb young ( Tata Me Graw Hill)
4 Ideate with June a Valladares - June A Valladares (Response Book)
5 ]ckyIe - kn²m´§fpw {]tbmKhpw - tPmkn tPmk^v
(Fkv]cmtâm]»nt¡j³kv, sIm¨n)
6 `mjbpw am[yahpw - hn.sI \mcmbW³ (tIcf `mjm C³Ênäyq«v )

klmbI{KÙ§Ä
1 On Advertising - David Oglivy
2 How to Advertise - Kenneth, Roman, Jane Maas (Rupa & Co)
3 The Languge of Advertising - Angela Goddard (Routiledge)
4 Contemporary Advertising - William F Aren. Courtland L Bove.
5 ]ckyw - sP hn hnf\new (tIcf `mjm C³Ênäyq«v)

96
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1VOT02

{]km-[\ ]cn-Nbw
]T-t\m-t±-iy-߃
1 ae-bm-f-Ønse {]km-[-\-Øns‚ Bcw-`hpw hf¿®bpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
2 ae-bmfKZyw cq]-s∏-´-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew a\-kn-em-°p∂p.
3 {]km-[\ - Ø
- ns‚ kmln-Xy-]c - hpw kmaq-ln-Ih
- p-amb {]m[m\yw Xncn-®d
- n-bp-∂p.
4 {]km-[-\-cwKsØ \ho\ {]h-W-X-Iƒ, kmt¶-XnIapt∂-‰-߃ Hm¨sse≥
{]km-[\w F∂nh ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
5 A®-Sn-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Hm¨sse≥ am[yaßfpsS km[y-X-Ifpw hni-
I-e\w sNøp∂p.
samUyqƒ 1 A®Sn ˛ Bcw-`hpw hf¿®bpw
A®-Sn-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw ˛ temI-Ønse BZy-Ime A®Sn ]cn-{i-a-߃ ˛ A®Sn `mc-X-
Ønepw tIc-f-Ønepw ˛ BZy-Ime {]h-W-X-Iƒ ˛ anj-W-dn-amcpw {]km-[-\hpw ˛
kn.-Fw.-Fkv, F¬.-Fw.Fkv, _mk¬an-j≥ ˛ t]m¿®p-Kokv anj-W-dn-am¿ ˛ sl¿Ω≥
Kp≠¿´v, s_©-an≥ s_bven, A¿tWmkv ]mXncn F∂n-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ `mc-X-Øn-
tebpw tIc-f-Øn-tebpw ap{Z-Wm-e-b-߃ ˛ tKmh ˛apwss_ ˛ ssh∏n≥tIm´˛Aº-g-°mSv
˛ tIc-f-hn-emkw ˛ tIc-f-an{Xw ˛ sk‚ v tXmakv {]kv ˛ hnZym-c-Xv\-{]` ˛ tIcf Iev]-
{Zpaw ˛ hnZym`n-h¿≤n\n ˛ am∂m\w sk‚ v tPmk^vkv {]kv ˛ kn.-Fw.-F-kv. {]kv ˛ BZy-
Ime {KŸ-߃ ˛ ae-bmf KZy-Øns‚ hf¿® ˛ tUm{Œo\ {InkvXo\ ˛ thtZm-]t- Ziw˛
tlm¿Øq-kv ae-_m-dn-°kv ˛ kwt£] thZm¿∞w ˛ thZ-X¿°w ˛ h¿Ø-am-\-]p-kvXIw ˛
Rm\-ap-Øp-am-e, sNdp-ss]-X-߃°v D]-Im-cm¿∞w Cw¢o-in¬\n∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb
IY-Iƒ ˛ ss__nƒ ]c`m-j-Iƒ.
samUyqƒ 2 BZy-Ime ]{X-am-kn-I-Iƒ
cmPy-k-am-Nmcw ˛ ]›n-tam-Zbw ˛ ⁄m\-\n-t£]w ˛ hnZym-kw-{Klw ˛ ]›n-a-XmcI ˛
tIc-tfm-]-Imcn ˛ kXy-\m-Z-Im-lfw ˛ tIc-f-N-{µnI ˛ kµn-„-hmZn ˛ ae-bmf at\m-ca ˛
amXr`qan ˛ Zo]nI ˛ cm{„o-b-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw kzmX-{¥y-k-a-chpw ˛
]{X-am-[y-a-ßfpw tIcf \thm-∞m-\hpw.
samUyqƒ 3 A®Sn am[y-a-ß-fpsS ka-Im-enI hnNmcw
Zn\-]{X߃ ˛ BgvN-∏-Xn-∏p-Iƒ ˛ amkn-I-Iƒ ˛ en‰n¬ amK-kn-\p-Iƒ ˛ BtcmKyw,
ImbnIw, bm{X, kn\n-a, hoSv, kv{Xo XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ amkn-I-Iƒ ˛ Nph¿]-
{Xn-I-Iƒ ˛ cm{„ob ˛ kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-I-fpsS apJ-]-{Xn-I-Iƒ. tIc-f-Ønse {]km-
[\w ˛ k¿°m¿ ˛ kl-I-cW ˛ kzIm-cy-{]km-[-I¿ ˛ kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw ˛ kmwkvIm-cnI
{]kn-≤o-I-cW hIp∏v ˛ k¿h-I-em-ime {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ ˛ kmln-Xy-{]-h¿ØI kl-
I-c-W-kwLw ˛ imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv ˛ `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v ˛ tIc-f- km-lnXy A°m-
Zan ˛ A-®Sn am[y-a-ßfpsS ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ˛ ]cn-ÿnXn {]iv\-߃.
samUyqƒ 4 C‚¿s\‰pw {]km-[-\hpw
sh_v amK-kn-\p-Iƒ ˛ C _p°p-Iƒ ˛ C tP¿W-ep-Iƒ ˛ C ]{X-߃ ˛ tªmKp-Iƒ ˛ kmaq-
lnI kº¿° am[y-a-߃ ˛ s^bvkv_p°v ˛ hmSvkB -v ∏v Ch-bpsS cq]-LS- \ ˛ hn\n-ab
-

97
-coXn {]km-[\ km[y-X-Iƒ F∂nh ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬, Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-ambn tªmKv Xøm-dm-
°p-∂p.
hni-Z]T\w
1. BZn-ap-{ZWw `mc-X-Ønepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw ˛ sI.-Fw. tKmhn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15
A[ym-b-߃
2. ]pkvX-I-\n¿ΩmWw ˛ 1, 2, 3 A[ym-b-߃, A\p-_‘w 3.
3. {]km-[-\-cw-KsØ t\´-߃, am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛
Fw.-hn.-tXm-akv, kmwkvIm-cnI {]kn-≤o-I-cW hIp-∏v.
4. ae-bm-fhpw C‚¿s\‰pw ˛ kp\nX Sn.-hn., en]n ]ªn-t°-j≥
5. ]pkvX-I-{]-km-[\w C¥y-bn¬ ˛ ]pkvXI {]km-[\w kmap-h¬ C{k-tb¬,
tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v.

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃
1. ]pkvXI{]km-[\w Hcp sh√p-hnfn ˛ Zo\m F≥ a¬tlm{Xm
2. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w tIc-fØn¬ ˛ tNe-ßm´v tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥.
3. s_©-an≥ s_bvenbpw a-e-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ tUm._m_p sNdn-bm≥, {]kn-≤o-
I-c-W-hn`mKw, alm-flm-Km‘n k¿∆-I-em-im-e.
4. ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ {]mcw-`kz-cq]w. Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥, tIcf kmlnXy
A°m-Z-an.
5. ]{X-I-ev]\ ˛ tPmkv ]\-®n-∏pdw
6. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-chpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw˛Fw.ANyp-X≥, kmlnXy
A°m-Zan.
7. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w `n∂-ap-J-߃. tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan.
8. kºq¿W ]{X-kw-hn-[m\w ˛ tPmbn Xncp-aqe]pcw.
9. ]{X-`mj ˛ tIcf {]kv A-°m-Zan.
10. ae-bmf A®Sn am[yaw `qXhpw h¿Ø-am-\hpw ˛ Fw. Pb-cmPv, amXr-`qan _pIvkv.
11. amdp∂ temIw amdp∂ am[y-at- emIw ˛ F≥.-]n. cmtP-{µ≥, amXr`qan _pIvkv.
12. tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-N-cn{Xw ˛ ]pX-p∏≈n cmL-h≥, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan.
13. hrØm¥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈
14. ae-bmf ]{X`mj hnIm-k] - c- n-Wm-aß
- ƒ ˛ hn.-]n.kpss_¿, {]kv A°m-Za
- n.
15. am[y-a-]-T-\-߃ ˛ FUn. ]∑\ cma-N-{µ≥.
16. ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
17. dh. tPm¿Pv amØ≥ IrXn-Ifpw ]T-\hpw ˛ tUm. kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏-≈n.
18. _pIvÃmƒPnb ˛ ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥.
19. ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ tUm.-F≥.-kmw, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv.
20. tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ kph¿Wm-≤ym-b-߃.
Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥ ˛ Id‚ v _pIvkv.
21. ssk_¿ ae-bmfw ˛ FUn. kp\oX Sn.-hn., Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xriq¿.
22. s_©-an≥ s_bven ˛ ae-bmfw A®-Sn-bpsS ]nXmhv
kmap-h¬ h¿Kokv, tUm. kmap-h¬ s\√n-ap-Iƒ, Id‚ v _pIvkv.
23. Fßs\ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ tªmKmw ˛ ]n.-Fw. _m_p-cmPv, Un.-kn. _pIvkv.
P\.-F-Un-‰¿ ˛ tUm. _n.-Sn. CIv_m¬
24. am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ B‚Wn \t√-]-d-ºn¬

98
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 1 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML1CMT02

\mS-Ihpw kn\n-a-bpw.
Ht´sd kmPm-Xy-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb c≠v Iem-cq-]-ß-fmWv
\mS-Ihpw kn\n-a-bpw. Ccp-I-em-am-[y-a-ßfpw Imem-Im-e-ß-fmbn \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p-∂p. IemNcn-{X-]-c-amb At\z-jWØneq-sStb AXn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ [mc-W-bp-≠m-
hp-I-bp≈q. AtX-k-abw kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hni-I-e-\w Hgn-hm-°m-\p-am-hn-√. AXp-
sIm≠v cwK-`m-jbpw Ne-®n-{X-`m-jbpw thdn´v a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-ap-≠v. ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ kmln-
Xy-hn-Zym¿∞n-If
- m-bX
- n-\m¬ `mjbpw kmln-Xy-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w-IqSn ]cn-KW - n-®mWv ]mTy-
]-≤Xn Xøm-dm-°nbn-´p≈Xv. Cu kml-Nc - yw IW-°n-se-SpØv _ncp-ZX
- e-Ønse hnZym¿∞n-
Iƒ°p-th≠n \mev tamUyq-fp-I-fmbn \mS-Ihpw kn\n-abpw F∂ tImgvkv {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-
°p-∂p. BZysØ c≠p tamUyq-fp-Ifn¬ \mS-Ihpw aq∂pw \mepw tamUyq-fp-Ifn¬ kn\n-
abpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p∂p F¶nepw aq∂masØ tamUyq-fn¬ kn\n-abv°v \mS-I-Øn¬\n-
∂p≈ hyXn-cn-‡-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ Nne-Xp-IqSn kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. {]kvXpX
hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Ccp-am-[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂Xm-Wv.-

tamUyqƒ H∂v
Acßv, cwK-]m-Tw, bh-\-\m-S-I-k-¶-ev]w, ]m›m-Xyhpw ]uc-kvXy-hp-amb hnhn-[-
\m-S-I-th-Zn-Iƒ, Ac-ßnse \qX\ ]co£-W-߃, C¥y≥ \mS-I-thZn˛kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-
߃, _wKm-fn, -I-∂S \mS-I-th-Zn-Iƒ,sX-cp-hp-\m-S-I-߃,\mS-Iw, {]I-S-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬˛
dn®m¿Uv sj”¿, dn-bm-en‰n tjm

hni-Z-]-T\w
I¿W-`mcw (G-Im-¶-\m-S-Iw)˛`m-k≥˛hnh¿Ø\w˛hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥\-ºq-Xn-cn.
B¿.-bp.-B¿-˛-Im-d¬ Nms]Iv˛hnh¿Ø\w˛Fw.-tXm-akv amXyp
lb-h-Z-\-˛-Kn-cojv I¿Wm-Sv-˛-hn-h¿Ø\w˛tPm¿Pv tPm¨ kn

tamUyqƒ c≠v
ae-bm-f\
- m-SI
- t- hZn˛BZy-Im-e\
- m-SI
- ß
- ƒ, kwKo-X\
- m-SI
- w, \m-tSmSn \mS-Iß
- ƒ, C-
_vks‚ kzm[o-\w, sI.-]n.-F.-kn. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn, kv{Xo-]-£-\m-S-I-thZn

hni-Z-]-T\w
adn-bm-Ω-˛-sIm-®o-∏≥X-c-I≥
B a\p-jy≥ \o Xs∂-˛-kn.sP.tXm-akv
{]nb-s∏´ Ahn-hm-ln-X≥-˛-]n.-Fw.-XmPv

tamUyqƒ aq∂v
kn\n-a, Zriy-]m-Tw, Ne-®n-{X-`m-j XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. sam-≠mjv XpS-
ßnb FUn-‰nMv k{º-Zm-b-߃.A`n-\bw,t{]-£-I≥,-kw-KoXw (_m-lyhpw B`y-¥-c-hpw)
XpS-ßnb LS-Iß - f
- n¬ \mS-IØ- n¬\n-∂p≈ hyXncn-‡k - h
- n-ti-jX
- I
- ƒ.kn\n-abpw kmln-

99
Xy-hpw,-kn\nam kmln-Xyw,A-\p-Ie
- v]\
- w,-temI-kn-\n-a˛ Nm¿fn Nm]vfn≥,Iptdm-kh
- ,ln®vtIm-
°v XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsSkw`m-h-\, C-¥y≥kn-\na˛dmbv, L´Iv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\.
{]tXy-I-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ne-®n-{X-߃
sk≥{S¬ tÃj≥˛hmƒ´¿ kmekv
C‚¿hyq-˛-ar-Wmƒ sk≥
{]tXyI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Xnc-°-Y-
ss_kn-°nƒ Xohvkv-˛-hn-t‰m-dntbm Un kn°m

tamUyqƒ \mev
ae-bm-f-kn-\na XpS-°hpw hf¿®bpw Iem-Nn-{X-߃,a-[y-h¿Øn-kn-\n-a,-P-\-{]n-b-kn-
\na
{]tXyI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ne-®n-{X-߃
Fen-∏-Ømbw ˛A-Sq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
Xqhm-\-Øp-ºn-Iƒ ˛]-fl-cm-P≥
{]tXyI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Xnc-°Y
sk√p-tembvUv ˛I-a¬

klmbI{KŸßƒ
\mSIw
Ac-ßns‚ hI-t`-Z-߃-˛-k-PnX aT-Øn¬ Un.-kn.-_pIvkv tIm´bw
Acßp apX¬ A{`-]mfn hsc-˛-tUm.-kn_p tamS-bn¬ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xn-cp-h-
\-¥-]pcw
B¿.-bp.-B¿-˛-Im-d¬ Nms]Iv hnh.-Fw.-tXm-akv amXyq,-am-fq-_≥ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
I¿W-`m-cw-˛-`m-k≥ hnh:hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥\-ºq-XncntI-cf kmlnXy A°m-Zan,Xr-
»q¿
XmPns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ \mS-I-߃˛]n.-Fw.-Xm-Pv,-tI-cf kmlnXy A°m-Zan,Xr-»q¿
\mS-I-Z¿∏-Ww-˛-F≥.-F≥ ]n≈.F≥.-_n.-F-kv.-tIm-´-bw.
\mS-Ihpw kn\n-abpw ˛tUm.-tPm-kv.-sI.-am-\p-h¬ ]m∏n-dkv _pIvkv
ae-bm-f-\m-SIw {]mcw-`-kz-cq-]w,-tUm.-am-Xyp.-sP.-ap-´-Øv,]m-∏n-dkv _pIvkv tIm´bw
ae-bm-f-\m-SIw kao-]-\-ßfpw km[y-X-I-fpw-˛-F-Un.-tUm.-hn[p \mcm-b¨ hnZzm≥ ]n.-Pn.-
\m-b¿ kvamcI Kth-j-W-tI{µw ,a-e-bm-f-hn-`m-Kw,-bq.-kn.-tIm-f-Pv,-B-eph
adn-bm-Ω-˛-sIm-®o-∏≥X-c-I≥ \mj-\¬ _p°v Ãmƒ tIm´bw
ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{Xw,Pn i¶-c-∏n-≈,-tI-c-f-km-lnXy A°m-Z-an,-Xr-»q¿
kn.-sP-bpsS \mS-I-߃ \mS-I-hn-h¿Ø-\-߃˛kn.-sP.tXma-kv,tI-c-f-km-lnXy A°m-Z-
an,-Xr-»q¿
cwKm-h-X-c-Ww-˛-Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿,-tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw.
cwK-{]-th-iw-˛-ssh°w N{µ-ti-J-c≥\m-b¿,tI-c-f-kw-Ko-X-\m-SI A°m-Z-an.
Theatres of Independence-Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker,Oxford University Press

kn\na
Acßp apX¬ A{`-]mfn hsc-˛-tUm.-kn_p tamS-bn¬ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-
\-¥-]pcw
Hcp kn\na Fß-s\-bp-≠m-Ip∂p˛sI.-sI.-N-{µ≥ Nn¥ ]_vfntj-gvkv.-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
IYbpw Xnc-°-Y-bpw-˛-tUm.-B¿.-hn.-Fw.-Zn-hm-I-c≥.-H-eohv ]_vfn-t°-j≥
ImgvN-bpsS Aim-¥n-˛-tUm.hn cmP-Ir-jvW≥,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ-˛-hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw

100
Xnc-°-Y-bpsS coXn-im-kv{Xw-˛-kam:]n.-Fw.-_n-\p-Ip-am¿,tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,Xn-cp-h-
\-¥-]pcw
\jvS-\m-bn-I-˛-hn\p G{_-lmw,-Nn¥ ]_vfn-tj-gvkv,-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
]Xn-s\m∂p Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ˛A-Sq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥,-Un.-kn.-_pIvkv tIm´-bw.
ae-bm-f-kn-\n-a-bp-sS-I-Y-˛-hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥, amXr-`qan _pIvkv.
ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abpw kmln-Xy-hpw-˛-a[p Cd-h-¶-c,-Un.-kn. tIm´-bw.
ad-°m-\m-hmØ ae-bm-f-kn-\n-a-Iƒ-˛-hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥,- Nn¥ ]_vfn-tj-gvkv,-
Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw
temI-kn-\n-a-bpsS Ncn-{Xw˛ tNe-ßm´v ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥,-I-d‚ v _pIvkv
kn\na apX¬ kn\na hsc-˛-tUm.APp.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W≥&sNdn tP°-_v,- F≥.-_n.-F-kv.-
tIm-´-bw.
kn\n-abpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-hpw-˛-hn.-sI.-tPm-k-^v.-kmw-kvIm-cnI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-h-Ip∏v
tIc-f-k¿°m¿.
Beginning Film Studies Andrew Dix,Viva Books
Cinema Studies -Susan Hayward,Routledge
Novels into Film-George Bluestone,The John Hopkins Press

101
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, shmt°jW¬, tImwπnsa‚dn
tImgvkpIƒ

c≠mw skaÿ

tIm¿

aebmfIhnX˛FgpØ—≥ apX¬
Ihn{Xbw hsc

tImwπnsa‚dn

]ckyhpw Bibhn\nabhpw
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
tIm∏n FUn‰nwKv (tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
t^mIvtem¿ hn⁄m\w
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tP¿Wenkw ˛ e£yhpw Ncn{Xhpw
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)

102
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CRT02

ae-bmf IhnX-˛Fgp-Ø-—≥ apX¬ Ihn-{Xbw hsc

]pkvX-I-Øns‚ t]cv : Imhy-am-eyw
a≤-y-Imew apX¬ Ihn-{Xbw hsc-bp≈ IhnXm kmln-X-y-]-T\w. Zri-y-I-em-km-ln-
Xyw Hgn-®p-≈h ]mT-`m-K-ß-fmbn tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p.

samU-yqƒ H∂v
Fgp-Ø-—≥-˛-In-fn-∏m´pIrXn-Iƒ-˛-`m-j, ssien, aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w, `‡n-
km-ln-Xyw F∂ \ne-bn¬-˛-km-aq-l-y-hn-a¿i-\w-˛-h-©n-∏m´v{]ÿm-\w-˛-k-z-cq]w ˛ cm-a-]p-c-
Øp-hm-cy¿, IptN-eh
- rØw h©n-∏m-´v˛ \º-ym-cpsS {ioIr-jvWN - c
- nXw aWn-{]-hm-fw--˛`
- ‡
- nbpw
XXz-Nn-¥bpw Imh-yß- f
- n¬-˛F
- g
- p-Ø—
- \
- p-ti-jw-˛]
- q-¥m-\w-˛A
- ¿tWm-kp]mXncn, Nmhd Ipcym-
t°m-k-®≥ F∂n-h-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ-˛-am-e-∏m-´p-Iƒ-˛-Jmkn apl-Ω-Zv.

]mT-`m-K-߃
1. A≤-ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Bc-W-y-Im-WvUw-˛FgpØ—≥
""-cm-a\pw ambm-th-j-sØ-ss°-s°m-s≠mcp Ima-cq-]nWw amco-Nm-kpcw'' apX¬
""NntØ-tXm-∂p-I-bp-an-√-⁄m-\-an-√m-bvI-bm¬'' h-sc.
2. -Ip-tN-e-hr-Øw-˛cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-c-y¿-
""-sI-evt]m-sS-√m-P\
- ߃°pw...'' apX¬ ""B\-µt- Km-]I
- p-am-c≥ Ir]-sN-tøWw'' hsc.
3. ]pØ≥ ]m\ ˛A¿tÆmkp]mXncn˛]{¥≠mw]mZw
4. Bflm\pXm]w ˛ ]Zw 5 ˛Nmhd Ipc-ym-t°m-k-®≥ ""A·n°mbv sh´s∏Spw
hr£imJIƒ Xs∂'' apX¬ ""P]sØ ImgvNsh®p'' hsc
5. aplvbn±o≥ame˛A√mØncpt]cpw apX¬ Zo≥Xm≥ hnfnt®mh¿ hsc

samU-yqƒ c≠v
ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS kwI-a-W-L-´w-˛-sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿°-f-cn-˛-kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ-˛-sh-◊Wn
{]ÿm-\w-˛-]m-c-º-c-y-Øns‚ \ncm-I-c-Ww, {]ta-bw, {]Xn-]m-Z-\w, Imh-y-cq-]-߃ XpS-ßn-b-
h-bn¬ h∂ ]cn-h¿Ø-\w-˛-I-hn-Iƒ, IrXn-Iƒ-˛-Ihn ]pjv]-am-ebpw XpS¿c-N-\-I-fpw, ap‡-
I-߃, ]®-a-e-bm-fw.

]mT-`m-K-߃
1) A©p ap‡-I-߃

i) ]qsa-tØ-se-gp-t∂-‰n-cp∂p ˛ ]qt¥m-´-Ø—≥
ii) ImSt√ \ns‚ `¿Øm-hn\p ˛ sh◊Wn al≥
iii) \∂m-bp-t≈m-c-e-¶m-c-hp-a-Ise ˛ Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥
iv) F´m-s≠-Ønb tamcp-sas‚ inht\ ˛ HSp-hn¬ Ip™n-°r-jvW-ta-t\m≥
v) Atømbo shbn¬sIm≠p sh¥p-cpIn hmSo-Sp∂p ˛ {io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp

2) aqeq-cns‚ Ihn-cm-am-b-W-Ønse t«mIw aq∂p apX¬ Ggp-hsc

3) Ip≠q-cns‚ ]m°-\m-cnse ]Xn-s\m∂mw t«mIw apX¬ Ccp-]-Øn-\m-ep-h-sc.

103
tamU-yqƒ aq∂v
ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse `mhp-I-X-z-]-cn-Wm-a-Øn\v hgn-sX-fn® IrXn-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬
ae-b-hn-em-kw, Bk-∂-a-c-W-Nn-¥m-i-XIw F∂o IrXn-Iƒ˛ Imev]-\n-IX Bcw-`w-˛-B-Z-y-
Ime hnem-]-Im-h-y-߃, {]mk-hm-Zw, tIc-f-h¿Ω {]ÿm-\w˛ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω {]ÿm-\w-˛-
Im-h-y-ho-£-Ww-˛-a-e-bm-f-Ønse alm-Im-h-y-{]-ÿm-\w˛ \ntbm-¢m-knIv {]h-W-X-Iƒ, {][m-
\-s∏´ IrXn-Iƒ

]mT-`m-K-߃
Hcp hnem]w˛hn.kn._meIrjvW∏Wn°¿˛H∂p apX¬ ]{¥-≠p-h-sc-bp≈ t«mI-߃.
tIi-hobw ˛sI.kn.tIih]n≈ H∂mw k¿§w-˛-
""\mb-I-\mbv hmWm-\n-µn-cm-\µ Iµfw'' apX¬
""tIh-em-\µ kmcmflm tIi-h≥ t¢i-\m-i-\≥'' hsc.

tamU-yqƒ \mev
Imev]-\nI {]h-W-X-Iƒ ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬-˛-I-hn-{Xb Ihn-X-˛-J-WvU-Im-h-y-߃,
hnh¿Ø-\-߃, sNdp-I-hn-X-Iƒ XpSßn Ihn-{Xb Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\w-˛-hn-e-bn-cp-
ج-˛-cm-jv{Sob kmaq-lnI Ne-\-߃ Ihn-X-bn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm-[o-\w.

]mT-`m-K-߃
eoe-˛Ipamc\mim≥ (BZ-ysØ 24 t«mI-߃)
]\n-\o¿∏qhv˛ D≈q¿
-Xncq¿- -s]m-∂m-\n-∏pg˛h-≈-tØm-ƒ

klmbI{KŸßƒ
1. aebmf IhnXmkmlnXyNcn{Xw˛ tUm.Fw.eoemhXn
2. ssIcfnbpsSIY˛ F≥.IrjvW]n≈
3. a[yImeaebmfw˛]n.hn.thembp[≥]n≈
4.B[p\nIaebmfkmlnXyNcn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS˛tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
5.kmlnXyNcn{Xw {]ÿm\ßfneqsS˛tUm.sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v
6. tIcfkmlnXyNcn{Xw˛D≈q¿
7. Imhy`mjbnse {]iv\߃˛FUn. tZiawKew cmaIrjvW≥
8. EXp]cnh¿Ø\w˛sI.]n.i¶c≥,
9. ]gbIrXn ]pXnb hmb\˛ FUn. ayqkvtacn tPm¿÷v
10. FgpØ—\pw Imehpw˛tNe\m´v ANypXtat\m≥˛ hnh: tUm.Fw.eoemhXn
11. FgpØ—s‚ Ie ˛]n.sI._meIrjvW≥
12.D≈qcns‚ IhnXzw˛N{µtiJc≥ \mb¿ kn.sI.
13. Bim≥IhnX Hcp ]T\w˛tPmk^v ap≠t»cn
14.ImhyIe Ipamc\mim\neqsS ˛]n.sI._meIrjvW≥
15. h≈tØmƒ \hbpKØns‚ Ihn˛Xmbm´v i¶c≥

104
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2VOT03

]ckyhpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw

samUyqƒ 1
F¥mWv Bibhn\nabw. Bib hn\nabØns‚ {]m[m\yw. Bib hn\nab
coXnIƒ. hnImk]cnWmaNcn{Xw. Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kn≤m-¥-߃,-I-ΩypWnt°j≥ tamU-
ep-Iƒ,-B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-co-Xn-Iƒ,C≥{Sm t]gvkW¬ IΩyp-Wnt°j≥, C‚¿ t]gvkW¬
IΩyq-Wnt°j≥,-{Kq∏v IΩyq-Wnt°j≥,-amkv IΩyq-Wnt°j≥,-_l - p-P\
- am[ya-߃ ASn-
ÿm\ LS-I-߃,-_-lp-P-\-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS ^e-߃, _lp-P-\-am-[y-a-ßfpw ]c-kyhpw,
]ckyw Hcp t{]cWm-flI Bib-hn-\n-a-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬

samUyqƒ 2
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw ]c-ky-hpw,-B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-{]-Inb ]c-ky-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
∂sXß-s\,]c-ky-ktµißfpw Stern Model ,aq∂v kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßfpw Poh-N-cn-{Xw,
BJym-\w, \mS-Iw.,-am¿°-‰nßv IΩyq-Wnt°j≥kv, D]-t`m-‡mhpw ]c-kyhpw,D]-t`m-‡m-
hns‚ hnizm-k-߃,a-t\m-`m-h-߃,A-`n-cp-Nn-Iƒ,-a-t\m-`m-h-߃,s]cp-am-‰-߃, Xocp-am\w
FSp-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\.,tam´nthj≥,-Ip-Spw_Øns‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw kzm[o\-X.,-kmw-
kvIm-cnI kzm[o-\-߃.

samUyqƒ 3
]ckyßfnse k¿§m-flI Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw,-]-c-ky-ßsf al-Ø-c-am-°p∂ LS-I-
߃,-dn-tkm-W≥kv ssUa≥jy≥kv, sde-h≥kv sssUa≥jy≥kv,-]-c-ky-ktµicq-]o-I-
c-Ww,-{Intb‰ohv {_o^ns‚ {]m[m-\yw,-k¿§m-fl-I-X-bpsS ]¶v,-^mIvSv s_bvkvUv Xn¶n-
ßv,-hmeyp s_bvkvUv Xn¶n-ßv,t^m¿sÃ∏v {Intb-‰o-hv tamU¬,- s{_bn≥ tÃman-ßv,_nKv
sFUnb-bpsS cq]o-I-c-Ww,Bi-b-hn-]p-eo-I-c-W-Øns‚ kt¶X߃

samUyqƒ 4
]c-ky-ßf
- nse Zriy-Bi- b
- h
- n-\n-ab
- w-,Unsk≥, tem˛Hu´v,tIm-tºm-kn-j≥,-Zr-iy-_nw-
_-ß-fpsS k¿§m-flI D]-tbm-Kw.,-Nn-{X-cq-]-I-߃ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬,Nn-”-hn-⁄m-\o-bw,Nn”-
߃ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬, -an-sk≥-˛-ko≥,-cw-K-]-›m-Ø-ew,-cw-Kkma{Kn-Iƒ,thjhn-[m-\w,ta°∏v,-
A-`n-\bw Ch-bpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-ab km[y-X-Iƒ,-I-em-kw-hn-[m-\w, tÃmdn t_m¿Uv.

samUyqƒ 5
]ckyhpw BtKmfoIcWhpw ,amdp∂ temI{IaØn¬ ]ckycwKØv hcp∂
am‰ßƒ. ]pXnb kmt¶XnIIƒ ]ckycwKØv hcpØp∂ hnImk ]cnWma߃.
]c-ky-ßf - nse \ho\ Bi-bh - n-\n-ab km[y-XI
- ƒ,-sh_v temI-Ønse ]c-ky-߃,-ssh_v
ssk‰v ,ssat{Imssk‰v em≥Unßv t]Pkv,- Adword , Adsnse, Banners, Buttons, C-˛-sa-
bn¬ AUz-h¿ss´knßv,t- km-jy¬ao-Un-bb - psS hf¿®,-tkm-jy¬am¿°‰nßv km[y-XI - ƒ,.-
C‚-dm-IvSohv am[y-a-߃,-samss_¬ AUz-h¿ss´knßv,]pdw hmXn¬ ]c-ky-߃, hm]ym-
c-hm-Wn-PytafI-fpw ]c-ky-ßfpw tjm∏nßv amfp-Ifpw ]c-ky-ß-fpw.-kn-\n-a-]-c-ky-ßfpw
P\-{]n-b-X-bpw.
105
]mT]pkvXI߃
1. Mass communication in India - Keval J Kumar (Jaico Publishing House)
2 The Future of advertising Joe Cappo (Tata Mc Graw Hill)
3.Contemporary Advertising and Integrated marketing Communications-Arens,Weigold,
Arens (McGraw-Hill)
4.The Media of Mass communications -John Vivian (Pearson)
5._lpP\am[ya߃ ˛Fw hn tXmakv (`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v)
6. ]ckyIe: kn≤m¥ßfpw {]tbmKßfpw ˛tPmkn tPmk^v (Fkv]cmt‚m
]ªnt°j≥kv, sIm®n)

klmbI{KŸßƒ
1 The Fundamentals of Advertisemsing - John Wilmshurst, Adrian Mackay (
Bulterworht Heinemann)
2 am[yaßfpw B\pImenI kmaqlnI {]iv\ßfpw˛ sP hn hnf\new (tIcf `mjm
C≥Ãn‰yq´v)
3. ]ckyw-˛ sP hn hnf\new (tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v)
4.Zriyam[yaßfpw kwkvImchpw˛{]`mh¿Ω (sdbn≥t_m _p°v ]ªntjgvkv)
5.BtKmfh¬°cWw A¿∞w, hym]vXn, kn≤m¥w ˛FUn‰¿ : Fw F DΩ≥
(tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v)

106
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2VOT04

tIm∏n FUn-‰nwKv

]T-t\m-t±-iy-߃
]pkvX-I-\n¿am-W-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Adnhv e`n-°p-∂p.
FUn-‰nwKv F∂ Ie-sb-°p-dn®v kq£va-amb Ah-t_m[w B¿÷n-°p-∂p.
ap{Z-W-Øn¬ h∂n-´p≈ Imem-\p-kr-X-amb am‰-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
tIm∏nFUn-‰¿°v ]pkvX-I-\n¿Ωm-W-Ønepw ]pkvX-I-{]-km-[-\-Øn-ep-ap≈
{]m[m\yw a\-kn-em-°p-∂p.
]pkvX-I-\n¿am-W-Ønse ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

samUyqƒ 1
{KŸ-Øns‚ cq]-I-ev]\, Isø-gp-Øp-{]Xn ˛ FUn-‰nwKv ˛ tIm∏n FUn-‰-dpsS Npa-
X-e-Iƒ ˛ ssS‰n¬ t]Pv ˛ {KŸ-kqNn ˛ ASn-°p-dn∏v ˛ ª¿_v ˛ {]q^v Nn”-߃ ˛ {]q^v
Xncp-ج ˛ hnhn-[-bn\w {]q^p-Iƒ ˛ ssì jo‰v
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. ]pkvX-I-\n¿ΩmWw `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v (A-[ymbw 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 )
2. {]q^v doUnwKv Hcp Ie, Fkv.-]n.-kn.-Fkv (A-[ymbw 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

samUyqƒ 2
BZy-Im-e-ap-{Z-W-co-Xn-Iƒ ˛ se-‰¿ {]kv (dn-eo^v A®-Sn), entØm-{K^n (tπ-t\m-
{K-^n) t{Khn-b¿ (C‚m-•n-tbm) Ch-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
∂p. Un.-‰n.-]n.˛ t]Pv sk‰nwKv ˛ te Hu´v ˛ hnhn-[-bn\w t^m≠p-Iƒ ˛ t^mdw ˛ t^md-ß-
fnse t]Pv {Iao-I-cWw. Ih¿ Unssk-\nßv ˛ ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒ ˛ Hm^vsk‰v ˛
hnhn[Xcw Hm^vsk‰p-Iƒ ˛ If¿ A®Sn ˛ t^m¿ If¿ sk∏-td-j≥ ˛ Ce-t{Œm-WnIv
If¿ sk∏-td-j≥ ˛ t^mt´m Itºm-knMv ˛ kn.-‰n.-]n. ˛ hnhn-[-Xcw tπ‰p-Iƒ ˛ t]Pv
ta°∏v ˛ t]Ãv A]v ˛ kv{Sn∏nwMv ˛ ss_≥Unw-Kv˛ eman-t\-j≥.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. I√-®n¬\n∂v Iºyq-´-dn-te°v ˛ ]{X-temIw ]n.-sP. tPmjz
2. {]n‚nwKv A to Z ˛sI.sP. kmw Ip´n.

107
samUyqƒ 3
IS-emkv ˛ Ncn-{X-hn-Nmcw ˛ ]m∏n-dkv ˛ hnhn-[-bn\w IS-em-kp-Iƒ ˛ \yqkv {]n‚ v,
ssh‰v {]n‚ v, am∏ventØm, B¿´v t]∏¿, ]m¿®v sa‚ v XpS-ßn-bh ˛ hnhn-[-Xcw t]∏¿ Af-hp-
Iƒ
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. IS-emkv ˛ A\p-_‘w 1 ]pkvX-I-\n¿ΩmWw `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

samUyqƒ 4
]pkvX-I-\n¿Ωm-W-Ønse ]pXp-a-Iƒ ˛ {]n‚ v Hm¨ Unam‚ v ˛ ISBN ñ hnhn-[-
bn\w ]pkvX-I-߃ kwhn-[m\w sNøp-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-߃ ˛ hnZym`ymk]c-
amb ]pkvX-I-ß-ƒ, A°m-Z-anIv Xew, imkv{X ˛ kmt¶-XnI hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-߃ ˛
\nL-≠p-°ƒ ˛ ]I¿∏-h-Imiw ˛ ]pkvX-I-hn-ev]\ ˛ ]ckyw, ]pkvX-I-ta-f. {]o]-ªn-t°-
j≥ ˛ {]km-[\ cwKsØ t\´-߃ ˛ hne-\n¿Wbw ˛ Hm¨sse≥ ]pkvX-I-߃ ˛
tªmKp-Iƒ.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. C\nhmb\ C hmb-\, Un.-kn._pIvkv, hn.-sI. BZ¿iv
2. UnPn-‰¬ sse{_dn, ]pkvXIw hnc¬Øp-ºn¬ ˛ C\n-hmb\ Chm-b\
3. ]pkvXI {]km-[\w˛kmap-h¬ C{k-tb¬ A\p-_‘w 4þISBN \¬Ip∂ coXn

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃
1. ]pkvX-I -{]-km-[\w, kmap-h¬ C{k-mtb¬
2. ]pkvXI \n¿amWw, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
3. {]n‚nMv sSIvt\mfPn Itºm-knMv, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
4. Kth-jWw {]_-‘-c-N-\-bpsS XXz-߃
5. _pIvÃmƒPnb ˛ ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ ˛ amXr-`q-an.
6. ]pkvX-Ihpw hmb-\bpw ˛ sI.-Fw. tKmhn, `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v.
7. ]pkvXIw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv ˛ hn.-sI. lcn-Zmkv, ]q¿W C≥Ãn-‰yq´v.
8. Fßs\ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ tªmKmw ˛ ]n.-Fw. _m_p-cmPv, Un.-kn. _pIvkv
9. ssk_¿ ae-bmfw ˛ kp\nX Sn.-hn.
10. \mem-anSw ˛ Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ FUn. sI. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ Un.-kn. _pIvkv.
11.An introduction to Book Publishing – D Raghavan.
12. Copy Editing – Judith Butcher
13. s_©-an≥ s_bven ae-bmfw A®-Sn-bpsS ]nXmhv, ˛- kmap-h¬ h¿§okv, tUm. kmap-
h¬ s\√n-ap-Iƒ

108
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2CMT04

t^mIvtem¿ hn⁄m-\w(Folkloristics)

]T-\-e£yw
t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w F∂ _lp/A¥¿-hn-⁄m-\ t- a-Je - sb ]cn-Nb - s
- ∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈
{iaamWv Cu tImgvkv. Ncn-{Xw, kwkvImcw F∂o hyh-lm-c-ßsf hna¿i-_p≤ym t\m°n-
°m-Wp-hm≥ hnZym¿∞n-Isf CXp t{]cn-∏n-°pw. {]mtZ-in-I-N-cn-{X-]-T-\-Øns‚bpw ka-Im-
en-I-kw-kvIm-c-]-T-\-Øn-s‚bpw ssk≤m-¥n-I-k-ao-£-Iƒ ]n≥]-‰n-s°m≠v t^mIvtem¿
hn-⁄m\w C∂v hnI-kz-c-am-bn-´p-≠v. ae-bm-fn-bpsS ]mc-ºcy Adn-hp-cq-]-ß-sfbpw
⁄m\aWvU-eØnse ]pØ≥]p-Xp-a-I-sfbpw tN¿Øp ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I -F-∂-XmWv
Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw.

]T-\-]≤Xn
\mev samUyq-fp-I-fmbmWv Cu tImgvkv hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t^mIvtem¿
hn⁄m-\w AYhm t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w F∂ hn⁄m-\-ta-J-esb s]mXpsh ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I-bmWv H∂mw samUyq-fn¬. t^mIvtemdns\ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm-\-]-T-\-{K-Ÿ-
ßsf Bkv]Zam-°nbmhWw A[ym-]-\hpw A[y-b-\-hpw. hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb t^mIvtem¿
cq]-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv c≠mw samUyqƒ. {]mtZ-inIamb t^mIvtemdpIsf
DZm-l-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-thWw Hmtcm P\p-kn-s\bpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv/]cn-N-b-s∏-tS-≠-
Xv. Cu samUyq-fns\ ap≥\n¿Øn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Assk≥sa‚ v, skan-\m¿ F∂nh
\¬Ip-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. ^o¬Uv h¿°v, hmsam-gn-ti-J-cWw F∂o {]{In-b-bn-eqsS
Ah¿ {]mtbm-KnI Adn-hp-Ifpw t\Spw.
aq∂mw samUyqƒ GXm\pw t^mIvtem¿ amXr-II - f
- psS ]T-\a
- m-Wv. AXn¬ \mS≥]m-
´v, \mtSm-Sn-°-Y, \mtSm-Sn-\m-SIw XpS-ßn-bh Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. \memw samUyq-fnep≈Xv
t^mIvtem¿ kw_-‘n-bmb ]T-\-te-J-\-ß-fm-Wv. t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Ønse ssk≤m-¥nI
kao-£Iƒ, hyXykvX -co-Xn-im-kv{X-߃ F∂nh a\- n-em-°m≥ {]kvXp-X- te-J-\-߃
klm-bn-°pw.

samUyqƒ H∂v:
t^mIvtem¿hn⁄m-\w (Folkloristics) F∂ hn⁄m\taJ-e-bpsS DZ-bw- ˛
t^mIvtem¿ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ \n¿∆-N-\-߃ -˛- t^mIvtemdns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, [¿Ω-
߃- ˛- t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ tI-cfhgn-Iƒ, hn`n∂ amXr-I-Iƒ- ˛- t^mIvtemdpw ka-
Im-enIkwkvImc]T-\-hpw.

samUyqƒ c≠v:
t^mIvtem¿ P\p- p-Iƒ: \mS≥]m-´v ˛ \mtSmSn°Y ˛ \m-tSmSn\mSIw ˛ B-Nm-cm-
\p-jvTm-\-߃ ˛- \m-tSm-Sn-hn-izmkw ˛ \m-S≥\rØw- ˛- D-’-hm-tLm-j-߃ -˛- \m-S≥I-fn-
Iƒ˛\mtSm-Sn-ss°-th-e- ˛- \m-´p-`-£-Ww- ˛ -\m-´p-ssh-Zyw -˛- A¿_≥tem¿ ˛ πm‚ vtem¿ ˛
Ct°m-tem¿ -˛- ]p-Xp-sNm-√p-Iƒ -˛ ^m≥kv t^m°v ˛ ssk_¿ t^m°v.
(tUm.- cm-L-h≥ ]ø-\mSns‚ t^mIvtem¿, tUm.- Fw.hn hnjvWp-\-ºq-XncnbpsS \m-tSmSn
hn⁄m-\o-bw, tUm. kn.-B¿. cmP-tKm-]m-es‚ t^m-Ivtem¿ kn≤m-¥-߃, tUm.-F≥ `‡-
109
h-’-e-sdÕn F-Un-‰p sNbvX t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w: kn≤m-¥-X-ew F∂o ]pkvX-I-ßsf
Ah-ew-_-am°n thWw H∂pw c≠pw samUyq-fp-I-fpsS A[ym-]-\hpw A[y-b-\-hpw)

samUyqƒ aq∂v
t^mIvtem¿ amXr-I-IfpsS khn-ti-j-]-T\w

1. Irjn-∏m-´p-Iƒ: s]m∂pw Xncp-hSn ]mh-bv°, A∏m \ΩsS Ipº-f-ssØ,

IÆn-ep-Æn-°Ænamß F∂o sNdp-]m-´p-Iƒ
(adn-bmΩ tPm¨ (B-th.), amWn-°w-s]-Æv, am\pjw {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww, Nß-\m-ti-cn)
2. kpµ-cb-£nt°meØns‚ ]m´nse "kpµ-cn-am¿ X∂psS kpµ-c-cq]w .......
inh-\psS ]mZ-ØmtW' F∂ `mKw.
(IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n-≈, ]tS-\n, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw)
3. IS-a-‰Øp IØ-\msc Ipdn-®p≈ \m-tSm-Sn-°-Y
(sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Æn, sFXn-ly-am-e (A[ymbw 72), Id‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´bw)
4. Im°m-cn»n \mSIw: H∂mw cwKw
(Pn `m¿§-h≥]n-≈, Im°m-cn-»n\mSIw, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw)
5. hS-°≥]m´v: Nnd-°¬ X-ºp-cm\pw Ad-bv°¬ _o-_nbpw
(tUm.- sI.- {io-Ip-am¿ (k-am.), tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xriq¿)
(apIfn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]m´pamXr-I-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w N¿® sNtø-
≠p-∂h: \mS≥]m-´p-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, {]mtZ-in-I-t`-Z-߃, IYm-Km\w F∂ P\p-
kv, ]m´ns‚ sI´p-ap-d, ]m´nse {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ßfpw I¿ØrØz-ßfpw.
kpµ-c-b-£n-t°m-e-Øns‚ ]m´p]T-\-tØmsSm∏w ]S-bWn F∂ A\p-jvTm-
\sØbpw AXns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ hnhn[ tIme-ß-fpsS cwKm-h-X-c-W-ßsfbpw ]‰n a\- n-
em-°-Ww.
\mtSm-Sn-°-Y-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ, hn`n∂cq-]-߃ (]p-cm-hr-Øw, sFXnlyw XpS-
ßn-b-h) F∂n-h N¿® sNbvXp-sIm-≠m-hWw IØ-\m-cpsS IYbnte°p {]th-in-t°-≠-
Xv. IY-bpsS kuµ-cyXe-sØ-t∏mse {][m-\-amWv AXns‚ cmjv{So-bhpw.
\mtSm-Sn-\m-SI
- ß
- fpsS s]mXpkz`mhw, Dƒ∏n-cn-hp-Iƒ F∂nh N¿® sNø-Ww. Fkv.
sI. \mb¿ cNn® tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃ F∂ {KŸsØ CXn-\mbn D]-Po-hn-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. sk°p-e¿ \mtSmSn\mSIw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Im°m-c-insb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øp-tºmƒ AXnse lmkyw, {]mtZ-in-I-X, kmaq-ly-hn-a¿i\w F∂o Xe-ßfpw ]cn-K-
Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v)

samUyqƒ \mev
t^mIvtem¿ hnNn-¥-\-߃

1. ae-\m-´n-emXn: Ip´-\m-S≥ hmsamgn CXn-lmkw F∂ IrXn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI ˛

tUm.-kvI-dnb k°-dnb
(ae-\m-´n-emXn: Ip´-\m-S≥ hmsamgn CXn-lmkw, tUm. tPmk^v kvIdnb (F-Un.),
tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq-´v, 2015)
2. kv{Xo: {]Ir-Xnbpw kwkvIr-Xn-bpw ˛ tUm.- tkm-a≥ IS-eq¿
(t^mIvtem-dns‚ kuµcyimkv{Xw, Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv, Xncp-h-¥-]pcw, 2011)
3. Xpf-kn-bpsS ]cn-Wma {]{In-b ˛ tUm.- sI.- Fw. -`-c-X≥
(t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥w, {]tbm-Kw, F^v.-F-^v.-Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿, 2011)
4. AΩ I√nepw ap≈nepw tamfv Ieym-W-∏-¥-en¬ ˛ tUm. -sI. Fw A\n¬
(tIcf t^mIvtem¿, tUm.- cm-L-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv (F-Un.), F^v.-F-^v.-Fw. ]ªn-t°-
j≥kv, ]ø∂q¿, 1997)
110
 5 s]¨{]Xn-tcm-[-߃ \mS≥]m´p-I-fn¬ ˛ tUm.- k-Pn-X sI.- B¿
(Zfn-X-a-£-c-kw-bp-‡w, ]cn[n ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, 2012)

klmbI {KŸ-߃

1. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, t^mIvtem¿, 1997, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.

2. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, tIcf t^mIvtem¿ (F-Un.), 1997, F^v. F^v Fw
]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿.
3. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\m-Sv, t^mIvtem-dn\v Hcp ]T-\-]-≤Xn, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Uan,
Xr»q¿
4. Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xn-cn, \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-bw, 1997, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´bw
5. Fw.-hn.-hn-jvWp-\-ºq-Xncn, t^mIvtem¿ Nn¥-Iƒ, 2005, ]q¿Æ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
tImgn-t°m-Sv.
Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿, hS-°≥]m-´p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bm-e, 1982, h≈-tØmƒ
hnZym-]o-Tw, ipI-]p-cw.
6. sI. Fw. A\n¬, t^mIvtem¿ P\p v cmjv{Sobw, 2004, ]m∏n-tbm¨, tImgn-t°mSv.
7. kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]me≥, tKm{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ, 2001, \m´dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-{µw,
Xr»q¿, 2001
8. kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]me≥, t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥ßƒ, 2007, tIc-f-`mjm
C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
9. F≥. `‡-h-’-e-sdÕn (F-Un.), t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w: kn≤m-¥-Xew, 2004, Id‚ v
_pIvkv, tIm´bw
10 F≥. APn-XvIp-am¿, 2005, t^mIvtemdpw kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]Whpw: XXzhpw
{]tbm-Khpw, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw
11. Fw.-Fw. {io[-c≥, t^mIvtem¿ kao-]-\-ßfpw km≤y-X-Ifpw, 2015, ae-bmf ]T-\-
K-th-jW tI{µw, Xr»q¿
12 sI. Fw. `c-X≥, t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw, 2011, F^v F^v Fw
]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿
13 APp sI \mcm-b-W≥, tIc-f-Ønse _p≤-aX ]mc-ºcyw \m´-dn-hp-I-fn-eqsS, 2005,
Id‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´bw
14 APp sI \mcm-b-W≥, t^mIvtem¿ ]mT-߃ ]T-\-߃, 2012,
kmln-Xy-{]-h¿Ø-I -k-l-I-c-W- kw-Lw, tIm´-bw.
15 Fkv. sI.\mb¿, tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn \mS-I-߃, 1964, aZn-cmin
k¿∆-I-em-im-e, a{Zmkv
16 Hcp-kwLw teJ-I¿, kwkvIm-c-]-T\w, 2007, ae-bmf ]T-\-kw-Lw, Id‚ v _pIvkv,
tIm´bw
17. _n chn-Ip-am¿, Nq´p-]-S-b-Wn, 2010, sdbn≥t_m _p°v ]ªn-tj-gvkv, sNß-∂q¿
18. IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈ , ]tS\n, 1993, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw.
19. kPnX sI. B¿., Zfn-X-a-£-c-kw-bp-‡w, 2012, ]cn[n ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.
20. adn-bmΩ tPm¨ (B-th.), amWn-°w-s]-Æv, am\pjw {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww,
Nß-\m-ti-cn
21. ]n. hk-¥-Ip-am-cn, t^mIvtemdnse kv{Xokz-Xz-\n¿Ωn-Xn, 2000,
F^v.-F-^v.-Fw., ]ø-∂q¿.

111
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 2 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML2VOT05

tP¿Wenkw e£yhpw Ncn-{Xhpw

samUyqƒ 1
tP¿Wen-k-Øns‚ e£yw,hn-Im-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃-˛-A-®-Snbpw BZy-Ime ]{X-am-kn-
IIfpw˛A-®Sn C¥y-bn¬˛ tIcf-Øn¬ s_©-an≥ s_bven,-sl¿Ω≥ Kp≠¿´v, XpS-ßn-
b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ.`m-c-Xob ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w kw£n]vX Ncn-{Xw, C¥y≥ kzmX-{¥y-
k-a-chpw ]{X-ßfpw, tZiobt\Xm°ƒ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ cwKØv, kzmX{¥ym\¥-c-]-{X{]-
h¿Ø-\w.-]n.-Sn.-sF, bp.-F≥.sF.,-{] v Iu¨kn¬, ]{X-GP - ≥kn-Iƒ, ASn-b¥- c
- m-hÿ
- bpw
]{X-ßfpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ka-Im-enI apJw, ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-cw-KsØ {]Xntema {]h-
W-X-Iƒ.
samUyqƒ 2
A®SncwKsØ ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒ ,t^m-t´m- tImw-t]m-kn-j≥, Un.‰n.]n., kn.Sn.]n-
,Hm^vsk‰v
samUyqƒ 3
tdUntbm {]t£]Ww-˛N - c
- n{Xw tdUntbm kmln-Xyw, {]`m-jW- w, \mSIw hnhn[ tdUntbm-
]-cn-]m-SnIƒ
samUyqƒ 4
sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿Wenkw. hm¿Øm Nm\-ep-Iƒ,hn-hn[ sSen-hn-j≥ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ
samUyqƒ 5
ssk_¿ tP¿Wenkw
]mT]pkvXI߃
1. `mc-Xo-b-]-{X-N-cn{Xw:Fw.-hn.-tXm-akv, tIcf-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
2.-am-[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-hpw, tIcf-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v
3.-sS-en-hn-j≥ tP¿Wenkw: cmP-tKm-]m¬
4.tdUntbm IYbpw Iebpw sI.-F.-_o\
5.-Kq-tKm-f-h¬°-cWw: ANypXv i¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿
6.-Zr-iy-hn-kva-b-temIw:Fw.-sI.-in-h-i-¶-c≥
7.ae-bmf sSen-hn-j≥ Ncn{Xw :tUm.-Sn.-sI. kt¥m-jvIp-am¿, {] v A°m-Zan

112
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, shmt°jW¬, tImwπnsa‚dn
tImgvkpIƒ

aq∂mw skaÿ

tIm¿

tIcfkwkvImcw ˛ ]q¿hL´w

tImwπnsa‚dn

]ckyhpw amt\Pvsa‚v XXzßfpw

(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
{]km[\hpw aebmf kmlnXyhpw
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
Hcp FgpØpImc≥/FgpØpImcn ˛am[hn°p´n
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
MS word & Page Maker
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)

113
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 3 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3CRT03

tIcfkwkvImcw˛ ]q¿∆L´w
tIcfob kaqlØns‚ cq]oIcWhpw ]cnWmahpw kmwkvImcnI {]{InbIƒ F∂
\nebn¬ ]T\hnt[bam°pIbmWv tImgv k ns‚ e£yw. Ncn{Xhn⁄m\Øns‚
km[yXIfpw AdnhpIfpw D]tbmKs∏SpØptºmƒ Xs∂ kmwkvIcnI {]{Inb F∂
BibØn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ins°m≠mWv tImgv k v hn`mh\w sNbv X n´p≈Xv .
A¥¿ssh⁄m\nI kao]\Øn¬ A[njvTnXamb hnjb]cnWmacoXn
t_m[\{IaØns‚ ASnkYm\ambn kzoIcnt°≠XmWv. kwkvImcsØ {]{Inb F∂
\nebnepw Ncn{XhkvXpXIsf kmwkvImcnI _‘߃ F∂ \nebnepw ]cnKWn°p∂
]T\]≤XnbmWv ]n≥XpStc≠Xv.
tamUyqƒ H∂v
{]mNo\ XangIw F∂ kmwkvImcnI ÿm\w˛ tKm{XkwkvIrXn˛ alminem
hin„ßfpw ]g¥angv ]m´pIfpw˛hocbpKhpw hocmcm[\bpw˛ XnWIƒ: kmwkvImcnIhpw
kuµcy]chpw `qanimkv{X]chpamb kqN\Iƒ˛ Im¿jnI kwkvIrXn˛]Xn‰p∏Ønse
cm{„obNcn{Xw˛aXkwkvIrXn˛_u≤,ssP\, {_m“W aX߃ BZyIme
hntZi_‘߃˛ hntZi_‘Øns‚ kz`mhw ]´Ww DXvJ\\w˛kwhmZ߃˛blqZ,
ss{Ikv X haX߃˛ tIcfw F∂ kmwkv I mcnI taJe˛`qanimkv { X]camb
khntijXIfpw tIcf kwkvImchpw
tamUyqƒ c≠v
Im¿jnIhXv I cWhpw BcymKa\hpw˛]pXnb kmwkv I mcnI ]cnkcw˛
{_m“W{Kma߃ ˛t£{XtI{µoIrX kaqlw F∂ Bibw˛ AXns\Xnscbp≈
hna¿i\߃˛ kmwkvImcnI ]cnkcw˛t£{XtI{µnX kaqlw F∂ BibØns‚
{]m[m\yhpw {]k‡nbpw ˛s]cpamƒhmgvN˛Ducmf¿, Imcmf¿, ASnbmf¿˛
I®ßƒ˛kwkvImcnI ka\zbw F∂ k¶ev]Øns‚ ASnÿm\w˛h¿ØI kwL߃˛
\q‰ph¿kwL߃˛ Z£ntW¥y≥ `‡n{]ÿm\w˛t£{XIeIƒ:IqØv, IqSnbm´w˛
aebmf`mjbpsS cq]oIcWw :kmwkvImcnI ]cnkcw tIcfob ssh⁄m\nIXbpsS
cq]s∏S¬˛ tPymXn»mkv{Xw, KWnXw, sshZyw XpSßnb taJeIƒ.
tamUyqƒ aq∂v
a[yIme kaqlw: \mSphmgnIfpw kzcq]ßfpw P∑nØhpw acpa°Ømbhpw˛
`mjbpsS hf¿®˛ ]m´pw aWn{]hmfhpw˛BeØq¿ aWn{]hmfw˛ KZyhnImkw˛ I®hS
_‘ßfpw kwkv I mc]cnWmahpw˛AßmSnIfpw Aºeh´hpw˛thWmSv , sIm®n,
tImgnt°mSv ˛ amam¶w˛tchXn ]´Øm\w˛kwKoXw, Nn{XIe, hmkv X phnZy˛
`mjm]cnWma Øns‚ kmaqlymSnØd˛FgpØ—≥.
tamUyqƒ \mev
]m›mXy A[n\nthiw˛t]m¿®pKokv BKa\w˛ kmaqXncn˛ Ip™menacbv°m¿˛
DZbwt]cq¿ kp∂ltZmkv˛aXw˛tImf\oIcWw F∂ \nebn¬˛Iq\≥Ipcniv kXyw˛
U®v, {^©v BKa\߃˛kmwkvImcnI ^e߃˛XncphnXmwIq¿, sIm®n˛{_n´ojv
A[n\nthihpw sNdpØp\nev]pIfpw˛]g»nbpw thepغnbpw˛IpdnNy
Iem]߃˛sslZcmenbpw Sn∏pkp¬Øm\pw˛ Ad_naebmfw˛ B[p\nIoIcWØns‚
{]mcw`w˛]m›mXy_‘ßfpw ssh⁄m\nI \hoIcWßfpw˛tlm¿Øqkv
ae_mdn°kv.

114
klmbI{KŸßƒ
1.Ip™≥]n≈, CfwIpfw, 2005, CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈bpsS sXcs™SpØ IrXnIƒ,
A¥m-cmjv{S tIcf]T\tI{µw, tIcfk¿∆Iemime, Xncph\¥]pcw.
2.KtWiv sI.F≥. 1991 tIcfØns‚ C∂seIƒ, kmwkvImcnI {]kn≤oIcWhIp∏v,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
3.tKm]meIrjvW≥, ]n.sI. 1991 tIcfkmwkvImcnI Ncn{Xw, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
4.KwKm[c≥ Sn.sI. 2007 tIcfw kwkvImchpw Ncn{Xhpw, Imen°‰v k¿∆Iemime,
tImgnt°mSv.
5.\mcmbW≥, Fw.Pn. Fkv. 2003 tIcfNcn{XØnse ASnÿm\ ineIƒ,
]q¿Æ]ªntjgvk,v tImgnt°mSv.
v6.\ºqXncn∏mSv, C.Fw.Fkv. 1996, tIcfw aebmfnIfpsS amXr`qan, Nn¥ ]ªntjgvkv,
Xncph\¥]pcw
7.{io[ctat\m≥, F.,2008 tIcfNcn{Xw, Un.kn_pIvkv,tIm´bw.
8.{io[ctat\m≥, F.,2008 tIcfkwkvImcw Un.kn_pIvkv,tIm´bw.
9.cmLhhmcy¿, cmP≥Kpcp°ƒ, 1991, tIcfNcn{Xw, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw, ipI]pcw.
10.cmLhhmcy¿, Fw.B¿. 1990, tIcfobX Ncn{Xam\߃, h≈tØmƒ hnZym]oTw,
ipI]pcw.
11.cmLhhmcy¿, Fw.B¿., 1997, a[yImetIcfw:kºØv, kaqlw
kwkvImcw,Nn¥]ªntjgvkv, Xncph\¥]pcw.
12.hk¥≥ Fkv.sI., 2005, tIcf kwkvImc Ncn{X \nL≠p, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
13.kvIdnbm k°dnb (FUn), 1991 DZbwt]cq¿ kp∂ltZmkns‚ Imt\m\Iƒ, C¥y≥
C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v {InÃy≥ ÃUokv, Hmim\mau≠v tIm´bw.
14._meIrjvW≥, ]n.sI. 2007, PmXnhyhÿbpw tIcf Ncn{Xhpw, Un.kn_pIvkv, tIm´bw.
kp{_“Wy≥, F≥, 2005,kwLIme `cWkwhn[m\w, Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw
15.cmaN{µ≥, ]pXpt»cn, 2007, tIcfNcn{XØnse ASnÿm\ ineIƒ, tIcf`mjm
C≥Ãn‰yq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw.
16.\ºqXncn, F≥.Fw. 2003, tIcf kwkvImcw, AIhpw ]pdhpw, Imen°‰v k¿∆Iemime,
tImgnt°mSv.
17.tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v- ˛-- abqcinJ, tIcf`mjm C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw
18.tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v ˛A\¥Xbnte°p≈ ]mX, Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw
19.tKmhnµ∏n≈ ]n.˛ssh⁄m\nIhnπhw Hcpkmwkv I mcnINcn{Xw, tIcf`mjm
C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw

115
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 3 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3VOT06

]ckyhpw amt\Pvsa‚ v XXzßfpw

F¥mWv AUz¿ssSknßv amt\Pvsa‚ v? XXzßfpw kn≤m¥ßfpw, ]cky I¿Ømhns‚
ÿm\w ]cky ÿm]\߃ ]cky GP≥kn {]h¿Ø\w kwLmS\w

samUyqƒ 2 ]ckyØns‚ πm\nwKpw Xocpam\߃ FSp°epw, πm\nwKv kv{Sms‰Pn,

am¿°‰nwKv πm≥, AssUz¿ssSknwKv πm≥.

samUyqƒ 3 am¿°‰nwKv t{]m{Kman¬ ]ckyØns‚ tdmƒ, IΩyqWnt°j≥ anIvkn¬

]ckyØns‚ ÿm\w. skbn¬kv s{]mtamj≥, I¨kyqa¿ s{]mtamj≥, ]ªnIv
dntej≥kv.

samUyqƒ 4 ]ckyØns‚ \n¿±njvS e£yßfpsS cq]oIcWw. hn]W\w Hcp \n¿±njvS

e£yw F∂ \nebn¬ ]pXnb D]t`mIvXm°fpw a‰v {_m≥UpIfpw e£ykZ v DAGMAR
kao]\w
samUyqƒ 5 ItºmfØns‚ khntijXIƒ, Itºmf Jfi\w, s]mknj\nwKv kt¶Xw,
]cky ktµi cq]oIcWw. {i≤bpw {KlWhpw. {_m≥Uv. {_m≥Uv CtaPv. {_m≥Uv
CIzn‰n. aoUnb kvtSmss‰Pn.

Text Books:

1. Advertising Management Rajeev Batra, John G Myers, David A A Aaker

(Person Education)

2. Advertising Management Concepts and Cases Manendra Mohan ( Tata - Mc

Graw Hill)

Reference:

1. Advertising Theory and Practice CH Sandage Vernon Fry Burger, Kim RotzzU
(AITBS Publishers)

2. Brand Positioning Subrots Sengupta (Tata Mc Graw Hill)

116
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 3 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3VOT07

{]km-[\
- hpw ae-bm-fk
- m-ln-Xyhpw
]T-t\m-t±-iy-߃
ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn\v A®Sn \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-
s∏-Sp-∂p.
BZy-Im-e-]-{X-am-kn-I-Iƒ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn\p \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ Xncn-
®-dn-bp-∂p.
tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI cm{„ob apt∂-‰-߃ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-{]-km-[-\-Øn\p
\¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.
ae-bm-f-Ønse {]km-[-\-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fmb IrXn-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sp-∂p.
samUyqƒ 1
A®-SnbpsSbpw ]{X-am-kn-I-I-fp-sSbpw {]Nmcw ˛ BZy-Ime {]km-[\ ]cn-{i-a-߃ ˛
tUm{Œo\ {InkvX ˛ kwt£-]-th-Zm¿∞w ˛ ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø-\-߃ ˛ tlm¿Øqkv
ae-_m-dn-°kv ˛ h¿Ø-am-\-]p-kvXIw ˛ sNdp-ss]-X-߃°v D]-Im-cm¿∞w ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-
Ønb IY-Iƒ ˛ anj-WdnamcpsS `mjm-t]m-j-W-{i-a-߃ ˛ \nL-≠p-°ƒ ˛ hymI-c-W-{K-
Ÿ-߃.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. hmg-ØShnπhw: Nmh-d-b-®\pw tIc-fob ap{Z-W-]m-c-º-cyhpw _pIvÃmƒPnb,
]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥, amXr-`qan _pIvkv.
samUyqƒ 2 ˛ ]{X-am-kn-I-Iƒ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn\p \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ˛ `mjm-
t]m-jnWn k` ˛ Ihn kam-Pw XpS-ßnb kmln-Xy-kw-L-߃ ˛ hnZym-hn-em-kn-\n, hnZym-
hn-t\m-Zn-\n, Ih-t\m-Z-bw, ckn-I-c-RvPn-\n, Ih-\-Iu-ap-Zn, `mjm-t]m-jn-Wn ˛ hnth-tIm-Z-
bw XpS-ßn-b-h ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn\p \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ˛ Zo]nI ˛ ae-bmf at\m-
ca ˛ amXr-`qan ]{X-߃ ˛ tIc-f-h¿Ω henb tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ ˛ ]mT-]p-kvXI IΩn‰n ˛
I≠-Øn¬ h¿Kokv am∏nf, kn.-]n. ANyq-X-ta-t\m≥, aq¿t°mØv Ipam-c≥, Ipam-c-\m-im≥,
ktlm-Z-c≥ Aø-∏≥, tIkcn. F. _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈ F∂n-h-cpsS `mjm-km-ln-Xy-ta-J-
e-I-fnse {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ˛ kmam-\y-]-cn-N-bw.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mb Ipam-c\m-im≥ ˛ tIc-f-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\w kph¿Wm-≤ym-b-߃
˛ Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥, Id‚ v _pIvkv.
samUyqƒ 3
kmaq-lnI ˛ cm{„ob{]iv\-ßfpw {]km-[-\hpw ˛ \thm-∞m\ ]cn-{i-a-߃ ˛ Abn-tØm-
®m-S\w, kzmX-{¥y-k-acw, Zfn-Xv, kv{Xo, ]cn-ÿnXn {]t£m-`-߃, `qk-a-c-߃ XpS-ßnbh
ae-bmf {]km-[-\-Øn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\w.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. tIc-f-Ønse ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw kzmX-{¥y-k-a-chpw. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-chpw ae-bmf
kmln-Xyhpw, s{]m^. Fw. ANyp-X≥, tIc-f- km-lnXy A°m-Zan.

117
 2. I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Fs‚ Pohn-Xw, It√≥ s]m°p-S≥, {Ko≥ _pIvkv.
samUyqƒ 4
{]km-[\ Ncn-{X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√p-Iƒ ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse {]km-[-\-N-cn{Xw Xncp-
Øn-°p-dn® kwc-`-߃ ˛ hnh¿Ø\ ]cn-{i-a-߃ ˛ BZy-Ime ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø-\-
߃, ]mh-߃, EtKz-Zw, KoXm-RvP-en ˛ Ch-bpsS hnh¿Ø\w ˛ kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw. P\-
{]nb kmlnXyw ˛ P\-{]n-b-hm-cn-I-Iƒ ˛ Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-kw, BSp-Po-hnXw XpS-
ßnb IrXn-Iƒ°v {]km-[\ Ncn-{X-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w ˛ kmam-\y-]-cn-N-bw.
hni-Z-]-T\w
1. ca-W≥ ˛ Nß-ºpg
2. B¬s°anÃv ˛ ]utem sImbvtem (X¿÷-a)
3. hmf-ao≥ Iev]n-°p-∂p, Rm≥ C—n-°p-∂p. ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥, _pIvkvÃmƒPnb,
amXr-`qan _pIvkv.
klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃
1. s_©-an≥ s_bvenbpw a-e-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ tUm._m_p sNdn-bm≥, {]kn-≤o-
I-c-W-hn`mKw, alm-flm-Km‘n k¿∆-I-em-im-e.
2. ae-bmf]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w. {]mcw-`-kz-cq]w . Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥.tIcf kmlnXy
A°m-Z-an.
3. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-chpw ae-bm-f-km-lnXyw ˛ Fw. ANyq-X≥, kmlnXy A°m-Z-an.
4. ]pkvX-I -{]-km-[\w, kmap-h¬ C{k-mtb¬.
5. Fs‚ \mSp-I-S-ج. kztZ-im-`n-am\n sI. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈. C≥^¿ta-j≥ ]ªnIv
dnte-j≥ hIp∏v, tIcf k¿°m¿.
6. BZn-ap-{ZWw `mc-X-Ønepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw, sI.-Fw. tKm]n. tIcf kmlnXy A°m-
Zan
7. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w tIc-fØn¬ ˛ tNe-ßm´v tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥.
8. s_©-an≥ s_bven ae-bmfw A®-Sn-bpsS ]nXmhv, kmap-h¬ h¿Kokv, tUm. kmap-
h¬ s\√n-ap-Iƒ
9. tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-N-cn{Xw ˛ ]pX-p∏≈n cmL-h≥, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan.
10. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w `n∂-ap-J-߃. tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan.
11. kºq¿W ]{X-kw-hn-[m\w ˛ tPmbn Xncp-aqe]pcw.
12. ]{X-`mj ˛ tIcf {]kv A-°m-Zan.
13. ae-bmf A®Sn am[yaw `qXhpw h¿Ø-am-\hpw ˛ Fw. Pb-cmPv, amXr-`qan _pIvkv.
14. amdp∂ temIw amdp∂ am[y-at- emIw ˛ F≥.-]n. cmtP-{µ≥, amXr`qan _pIvkv.
15. hrØm¥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈
16. tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-N-cn{Xw ˛ ]pX-p∏≈n cmL-h≥, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan.
17. ]{X-I-ev]\ ˛ tPmkv ]\-®n-∏pdw
18. ae-bmf ]{X`mj hnIm-k] - c
- n-Wm-aß
- ƒ ˛ hn.-]n.kpss_¿, {]kv A°m-Za
- n.
19. ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
20. dh. tPm¿Pv amØ≥ IrXn-Ifpw ]T-\hpw ˛ tUm. kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏-≈n.
21. _pIvÃmƒPnb ˛ ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥.
22. ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ tUm.-F≥.-kmw, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv.
23. tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ kph¿Wm-≤ym-b-߃. Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥ ˛ Id‚ v _pIvkv.
24. am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ B‚Wn \t√-]-d-ºn¬

118
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 3 tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3CMT05

Hcp Fgp-Øp-Imc≥ / Fgp-Øp-Imcn ˛ am[-hn-°p´n

kzmX-{¥y-Øn-s‚bpw k¿§m-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw Bhnjv°mc߃ sIm≠v ae-bm-f-
km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ Xs‚ km∂n[yw AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Ønb am[-hn-°p-´nsb a\- n-em-°pI. kzXzm-
hn-jvIm-c]
- c
- a
- mb {]tXy-IX
- I
- ƒ, Xpd-∂p-]d®nens‚ i‡nZu¿_-ey-߃, Imev]\ - n-IX
- bpw
Imev]-\n-Im`mhhpw sIm≠v k¶o¿Æ-amb BJym-\-co-Xn-Iƒ, A\p-`h I¿Xr-Xz-Øns‚
`n∂-h-gn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh a\- nem°pI.

samUyqƒ H∂v
IY ˛ hnj-bw ˛ BJym\w ˛ kzmX{¥yw ˛ ]co-£-W-߃ ˛ A\p-`-h-I¿Xr-Xzw.
1. {]`mXw
2. NXp-cwKw
3. AΩ
4. temIw Hcp Ih-bn-{Xnsb \n¿Ωn-°p-∂p.
5. tImemSv
6. ]£n-bpsS aWw.

samUyqƒ c≠v
IhnX ˛ Cw•ojv `mjm am[yaw ˛ `mh IhnX ˛ Imev]-\nI / AIm-ev]-\nI Xe-߃ ˛
G‰p-]-d-®n¬ ˛ kzXzm-hn-jvIm-c-Ønse sshcp-≤y-߃
1. GI-apJn
2. {]Ir-Xnbpw ]pcp-j\pw
3. XS-hp-Imcn
4. IrjvW≥
5. bm A√mlv
6. a[y-h-bkv
7. L\iymw
8. I¬°-´-bnse th\¬
9. hm°p-Iƒ, ]£n-Iƒ

3. samUyqƒ aq∂v
t\mh¬ ˛ t\mh-se‰v ˛ Fgp--Øp-coXn ˛]cnanXnIƒ˛hnjbw ˛ kmaq-ly-]-cX
1.- am-\kn
2.- A-h-km-\sØ AXnYn
3.- \-jvS-s∏´ \oemw-_cn

4.- sam-Uyqƒ \mev

Bfl-IY ˛kzXz-t_m[w ˛ Xpd-∂p-]-d-®n¬˛ kzmX-{¥yw ˛ IY-bm-I¬˛BJym\coXn
1.I¿°SIw (h¿j-߃°p ap≥]v)
2.Ip‰-hn-kvXmcw

119
 3._mey-Im-e-kva-c-W-Iƒ.
4.Fs‚ IY (\mbmSnbpsS Ip´n, Is≠Øn°gn™n´n√mØ `qJfiw, ÿnchpw
`{Zhpamb Hcp kvt\lØn\p th≠n, {ioIrjvW≥˛kv{XobpsS ]pcpj≥,
A‘ImcØns‚ c≠ma[ymbw F∂nh am{Xw)
klmb {KŸ-߃

1. am[-hn-°p´n IY-Iƒ ˛ hmeyw I & II ˛ Un.-kn.-_pIvkv tIm´-bw.

2. If¿tImSv hmkp-tZ-hs‚ Ah-Xm-cn-I-tbmSv IqSnb am[-hn-°p´nbpsS
IY-Iƒ, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
3. Fw.-cm-Po-hvIp-am-dns‚ ]T-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb am[-hn-°p-´n-bpsS IY-Iƒ ˛
kºq¿Æw, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
4. Fs‚ sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ ˛ am[-hn-°p´n ˛ amXr-`qan _pIvkv
5. sI´n-bn´ tImemSv ˛ am[-hn-°p´n ˛ Un.-kn.-_pIvkv, tIm´-bw.
6. hnjmZw ]q°p∂ ac-߃ ˛ am[-hn-°p´n ˛ kn\m-dntbm {]kv, Xr»q¿
7. kv{Xo]¿∆w ˛ tPm¨ {_n´mkv ˛ knØmc _pIvkv, Imb-¶pfw
8. am[-hn-°p-´n-bpsS {]W-b-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ ˛ Henhv ]ªn-tjgvkv
9. Ia-em-Zm-kns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ hnh¿Ø-\w, ]T\w ˛
F{_-lmw, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
10. i-co-c-Øn\v F{X Nnd-Ip-Iƒ (F-Un.)- F-{_-lmw, F®v & kn tIm´-bw.
11. Ia-em-Zm-kns‚ {]W-b-I-hn-X-Iƒ (hn-h.)- F-{_lmw, taL _pIvkv,
Nme-°p-Sn.
12. s]Æp-sIm-Ønb hm°p-Iƒ, imc-Z-°p-´n, Un.-kn.-_p-Ivkv, tIm´-bw.
13. F-gp-Øp-Im-cn-I-fpsS am[-hn-°p´n (F-Un.), kpP kqk≥ tPm¿÷v,
\mj-W¬ _pIvÃmƒ, tIm´-bw.
14. am[-hn-°p´n°Y-Iƒ ˛ s]¨hm-b\ (F-Un.) tUm.-an\n {]km-Zv,
Henhv ]ªn-tj-gvkv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.
15. Cc´ \mhp≈ a{¥-hm-Zn-\n, am[-hn-°p´n ]T-\߃, ayqkvtacn tPm¿÷v,
ssIcfn _pIvkv, IÆq¿, 2017
16. \jvS-s∏´ \mWbw (F-Un.) tUm.-kn-ÿ t\mb¬ tdmkv,
\mj-W¬ _pIvkv kv‰mƒ, tIm´-bw.
17. DS¬ IS∂v Bflm-hn-te-bv°v, ayqkv tacn tPm¿÷v, am[yaw BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v,
Pqsse 2013.
18. A£-chpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw, C-.hn.cma-Ir-jvW≥
19. Npgn-Iƒ, Nn∏n-Iƒ ˛ tUm.-hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW≥
20. hk-¥-Øns‚ Hcp Nn√, {Kojva-Øns‚bpw, ayqkv tacn tPm¿÷v, P\-bpKw
HmW-∏-Xn-∏v, 2011
21. amXr-`qan BgvN∏-Xn-∏v, `mjm-t]m-jnWn F∂n-h-bpsS am[-hn-°p-´n-
]-Xn-∏p-Iƒ, 2009.
22. kv{Xo, kzXzw, kaqlw˛am[hn°p´n ]T\߃, C.hn.cmaIrjvW≥, ]q¿Æm
]ªnt°j≥kv, tImgnt°mSv.
23. s]sÆgpXp∂ PohnXw, F≥.sI.cho{µ≥, amXr`qan _pIvk,v tImgnt°mSv.

120
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 3 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3VOT08

MS Word & Page maker

Module 1
1. Introduction to word processing
Entering with keyboard
Formatting text
Cutting, copying & pasting
Selecting text
With mouse & keyboard
2. Editing text
Auto correct- spell check & grammar check, undo& redo
Text formatting
Changing case, drop caps, coloring & highlighting text, adding special characters,
bullets & numbering.
3. Document formatting
Paragraph formatting
Alignment, line spacing
Indentation
Tabs, using the ruler
Margins & page orientation
Page break
Headers & footers
Page numbering
4. Advanced page layout in word
Borders, box, shading, page fills & back ground

Module 2
5. Table & columns
Creating tables
Inserting tables from the menu & tool bar, drawing tables
Manipulating tables
Selecting tables elements, inserting & deleting columns & rows, adjusting table
properties, mering & splitting cells
Formatting table contents
Mathcalculation
6. Drawing & graphics tools

121
 Working with shapes, auto-shapes and wordart, adding graphics to your documents,
inserting a picture, importing pictures from scanners & cameras, chats & diagrams
7. Printing word documents
Using print preview
8. Mailmerge

Notes
1. The course ‘MS Word & page maker’ is a practical course.
2. Practical examination to be conducted by the university
3. A record of a minimum 10 pages maker and MS Word work must be done by a
student .
4. Ten hours for Seminar/ tests.
5. Students strength for practical batch shall be 8. Each practical batch must be
supervised by a course teacher.

122
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, shmt°jW¬, tImwπnsa‚dn
tImgvkpIƒ

\memw skaÿ

tIm¿

tIcfkwkvImcw ˛ DØcL´w

tImwπnsa‚dn

Zriy{imhy\ham[ya{]h¿Ø\w
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
D]\ymkcN\ (tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
Photoshop, Corel Draw & DTP
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
OJT Project & Report
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)

123
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 4 tIm¿ tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4CRT04

tIcfkwkvImcw˛ DØcL´w
samUyqƒ H∂v:
A[n\nthihpw B[p\oIcWhpw˛B[p\nIcWØnse B¥csshcp≤y߃˛
{_n´ojv `cW ]cnjvImcßfpw \mSphmgnØhpw˛PmXn_‘ßfpsS
ZrVoIcWw˛Nm∂m¿ Iem]w˛ PmXnhncp≤Xbpw anj\dn{]h¿Ø\ßfpw˛ae_m¿
Iem]߃˛ 1921˛ XncphnXmw Iqdnsebpw sIm®nbnsebpw ]cnjv I cW߃˛
kzmXnXncp\mƒ˛ a[yh¿KØns‚ cwK{]thiw ˛tXm´w Irjn˛B[p\nI
hn⁄m\Øns‚ cq]s∏S¬˛ B[p\nI KZyw, imkv{Xw XpSßnbhbpsS hf¿®.

samUyqƒ c≠v
\thm∞m\w˛\thm∞m\Øns‚ kmaqlymSnØd˛Cw•ojv hnZym`ymkw˛
A®Sn˛s]mXp afieØns‚ cq]oIcWw˛ ]pXnb kmlnXyP\p pIfpsS Bhn¿`mhw˛
`mjmt]mjnWn k`˛`mjm ]cnjv ° cWw˛kapZmb ]cnjv I cW {]ÿm\߃˛
Fkv.F≥.Un.]n. F≥.Fkv..Fkv., tbmKt£a k`, ]n.B¿.Un.Fkv.,km[pP\ ]cn]me\
kwLw˛Iogmf \thm∞m\hpw AXns‚ ]cnanXnIfpw˛ssh°w, Kpcphmbq¿, ]menbw
kXym{Kl߃, t£{X{]thi\w, IeIfnse ]cnWma߃˛bp‡nhmZ{]ÿm\hpw
bp‡nt_m[Øns‚ hym]\hpw˛cmPmchnh¿Ω˛anjWdn{]h¿Ø\hpw hn⁄m\
hym]\hpw˛ ⁄m\ \nt£]w, [\z¥cn XpSßnb amknIIƒ.

samUyqƒ aq∂v
\thm∞m\Øns‚ XpS¿®Iƒ˛ \nh¿Ø\{]tjm`w˛I¿jI {]ÿm\߃/
kac߃˛ P∑nhncp≤˛km{aPyXzhncp≤ apt∂‰ßƒ˛tZiob {]ÿm\w˛knhn¬ \nba
ewL\w˛ DØchmZ{]t£m`Ww˛Izn‰n¥ym kacw˛]p∂{]˛hbem¿˛Iøq¿˛Icn sh≈q¿˛
sFIytIcf {]ÿm\w˛tIcf kwÿm\ cq]oIcWw˛\thm∞m\ kmlnXyw˛
{KŸimem{]ÿm\hpw B[p\nIhn⁄m\Øns‚ hym]\hpw˛ am\hhmZw ssh⁄m
\nI ]{X{]h¿Ø\w˛ tIkcn.

samUyqƒ \mev
1957˛H∂mw a{¥nk`˛I¿jI _‘_n√pw hnZym`ymk _n√pw˛hntamN\
kacw˛]pXnb cm{„ob _‘ßfpsS cq]oIcWw˛Kƒ^v IpSntb‰w ˛tIcftamU¬:
anIhpIfpw ]cm[o\XIfpw˛Im¿jnI taJebpsS XI¿®bpw k¿∆okv taJebpsS
hf¿®bpw˛CSXv Xo{hhmZ{]ÿm\w˛Iebnse ]cnh¿Ø\߃ ssh⁄m\nI,
kwLS\Iƒ˛imkv{XkmlnXy]cn£Øv, tIm.`m. C≥Ãyq´q´v,B[p\nIXm{]ÿm\w˛
am[yaßfpsS hym]\w˛\ham[yaßfpw kwkvImckzcq]hpw˛BtKmf
hXvIcWw˛DØcm[q\nIkaqlhpw DØcm[p\nI kwkvImchhpw˛ hnhn[
hojW߃˛\hkmaqlnI {]ÿm\߃.

124
klmbI{KŸßƒ
KtWiv, sI.F≥. 1991 tIcfØns‚ C∂seIƒ, kmwkvImcnI {]kn≤oIcWhIp∏v ,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
tKm]meIrjvW≥, ]n.sI., 1991 tIcfØns‚ kmwkvImcnI Ncn{Xw, tIcf`mjm
C≥Ãn‰yq´v Xncph\¥]pcw.
KwKm[c≥ Sn.sI. 2007 tIcfw kwkvImchpw Ncn{Xhpw, Imen°‰v k¿∆Iemime
tImgnt°mSv.
\ºqXncn∏mSv, C.FwFkv., 1992k tIcfw kaqlhpw cm{„obhpw, Nn¥]ªntjgvkv,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
tKmhnµ∏n≈, ]n. 2004, tIcf\thm∞m\w am¿IvknÃv hojWØn¬, Nn¥]ªntjgvkv,
Xncph\¥]pcw.
{io[ctat\m≥,G, 2008 tIcfkwkvImcw, Un.kn._pIvkv tIm´bw.
{io[ctat\m≥ F. 2008, tIcfNcn{Xw Un.kn_pIvkv, tIm´bw.
]n≈ G.sI. 2988, tIm¨{K pw tIcfhpw, {]`mXv _pIvkv Xncph\¥]pcw.
\ºqXncn∏mSv C.Fw.Fkv. 1987, IΩyqWnÃv ]m¿´n tIcfØn¬, Nn¥]ªntjgvkv
Xncph\¥]pcw.
hk¥≥, Fkv.sI, 2005, tIcfNcn{XkwkvImc\nL≠p, tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
Xncph\¥]pcw.
]Wn°¿ sI.F≥. 2004 ae_m¿ Iem]w {]`pXzØn\pw cmPXzØn\pw FXnsc,
Un.kn_pIvkv tIm´bw.
hnPb≥ Fw.F≥(FUn.) 2001, \ΩpsS kmlnXyw \ΩpsS kaqlw, tIcf kmlnXy
A°Zan, Xriq¿.
`mkvIc\pÆn, ]n.]sØmºXmw \q‰m≠nse tIcfw tIcfkmlnXy A°mZan Xr»q¿
t]m°¿, ]n.sI. 2002 B[p\ntImØcXbpsS tIcf ]cnkcw, \jW¬ _pIvÃmƒ
tIm´bw.
{ioIpam¿ Sn.Sn., Fkv. kµo]v (FUn), 2006 IY CXphsc:tIcf hnIk\ kw`mh\Iƒ,
Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw.
hnPbIpam¿ tat\m≥, 2004, chnh¿Ω, tIcf efnXIem A°mZan, Xr»q¿.
KtWiv sI.F≥. 2006 tIcfw C∂v \msf, tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv tImgnt°mSv
tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v- ˛-- abqcinJ, tIcf`mjm C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw
tPm¿Pv Koh¿Kokv tPmk^v ˛A\¥Xbnte°p≈ ]mX, Un.kn._pIvkv, tIm´bw
tKmhnµ∏n≈ ]n.˛ssh⁄m\nIhnπhw Hcpkmwkv I mcnINcn{Xw, tIcf`mjm
C≥kv‰nSyq´v, Xncph\¥]pcw
tPm¿÷v sI.Fw., kmlnXy hn⁄m\hpw, hn⁄m\kmlnXyhpw kmlnXy{]h¿ØI
klIcWkwLw, tIm´bw 1983.
^nen∏v tPm¨ (tUm), `mjman{ikmlnXyw kØbpw LS\bpw, aebmfhn`mKw, tZhamX
tImtfPv , IpdhneßmSv, 2001.
sk≥ Fkv. F≥. kp_cmø∏ _n.hn. ,imkv{Xw C¥ybn¬ Hcp kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw
(hmeyw H∂v) hnjvWp\mcmbmW≥ \ºqXncn,Pn. sI. tat\m≥, kn.Pn. cmaN{µ≥\mb¿
sI.Fw. ]flPsI.Fkv . dmWm{]Xm]≥ (hnh¿ØI¿) tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v
˛Xncph\¥]pcw, 1984
sk≥ Fkv. F≥. kp_cmø∏ _n.hn. imkv{Xw C¥ybn¬ Hcp kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw (hmeyw
c≠v ) dmWm{]Xm]≥, ]n‰n. `mkv ° c]Wn°¿, _n.kpKXIpamcn (hnh¿ØI¿)
tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v ˛Xncph\¥]pcw, 1984.

125
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 4 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4VOT09

Zriy-{imhy \h-am-[y-a-{]-{h¿Ø\w
samUyqƒ 1
tdUntbm Hcp hm¿Øm am[y-a-sa∂ \ne-bn¬, tdUntbm hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw Adn-hn\pw
hn⁄m-\-Øn\pw, tdUntbm hm¿Ø, tdUn-tbm-Nn-{Xo-I-c-Ww,-tSm°v tjmIƒ, A`n-ap-J-
߃, tdUntbmt-{im-Xm-°ƒ, tdUntbm cN\ `mjbpw ssienbpw, hnhn[ tdUntbm ]cn-
]m-Sn-I-fpsS (t\m¨ ^n£-W¬) kv{In]v‰v cN\, tdUntbm tP¿Wenkw,
tdUntbm \h-X-cwKw, F^v. Fw. tdUntbm, tdUntbm tPm°n, ]pXnb D≈S-°-
߃,tdUntbm kwKo-Xw, PnwKnwƒkv, tdUntbm kmt¶XnIX kmam\y ]cn-Nbw
samUyqƒ2
sSen-hn-j≥ am[y-a-{]-{h¿Ø-\w, HmUntbm hnjz¬ LS-I-߃, sSen-hn-j≥ hm¿Øm-c-N-
\,-sS-en-hn-j≥ `mj,ssien, hnhn[ sSen-hn-j≥ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, Ah-Xc
- W
- ]
- c
- a
- mb {]tXyIX-
Iƒ, hnhn[ sSen-hn-j≥ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS (t\m¨ ^n£-W¬) kv{In]v‰v cN\, dnt∏m¿´nßv,
ho-Untbm tPm°n-bn-ßv, B¶-dn-ßv, \yqkv doUnßv,-\yqkv s{]mU-£≥, t{]m{Kmw
s{]mU£≥, Hm.-_n.-hm≥, s{]mU£≥ I¨t{Smƒ dqw, \yqkv ^vtfm¿, t{]£I ]¶m-fn-
Øw, tSm°v tjmIƒ, \yqkv ssehv, ae-bm-f-Ønse hnhn[ sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-Iƒ ,ae-
bmf sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿Wen-k-Øns‚ ka-Im-enI apJw.sSen-hn-j≥ kmt¶XnIX kmam\y
]cn-Nbw
samUyqƒ3
\h-am-[y-a-߃, \h-am-[y-a-tP¿Wen-kØns‚ {]tXyIX-Iƒ, \h-am-[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p-
≠m-bn-cnt°≠ Ign-hp-Ifpw kvIn√p-I-fpw, Hm¨sse≥ tP¿Wen-kw,tªmKp-Iƒ -{]-[m\
\yqkv t]m¿´-ep-Iƒ, Hm¨sse≥ \yqkv t]∏dpIƒ, tP¿Wep-Iƒ, ]ocn-tbm-Un-°¬kv,\h-
am-[y-a-c-N-\, aoUnb FØn°vkv Hm^v ssk_¿ tP¿Wen-kw, Hm¨sse≥ t]Pv
Unssk\nßv,HTML/XML,ae-bm-fØ - nse Hm¨sse≥ tP¿Wen-kw,ssk_¿ BIvSn-hn-kw,-
\-h-am-[y-a-`mj, Fkv.-Fw.-Fkv `mj, tImUp-`m-j-Iƒ (kvssaenIƒ, Ctam-´n-t°m-Wp-Iƒ,
XpSßnbh),tkm-jy¬ aoUn-b-bpsS hf¿®bpw kzm[o-\-hpw.-km-{º-Zm-bnI ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-
\hpw \h-am-[y-a-ßfpw.sh¿Nz¬ dnbm-en-‰n, ssk_¿ temIsØ A`n-{]mb cq]o-I-c-Ww.
tkmjy¬ aoUnb tP¿Wen-kw.

Text Books:
1.Writing for Television Radio and New Media:(8th Edition)Hillart, Robert Belmont,
Wadsworth Pub.
2.Broadcast News Writing , Reporting and producing (4th Edition) White. Ted.Oxford
.Focal press
3.Radio and TV Journalism :Shrivastava
klmbI{KŸßƒ
sS-en-hn-j≥ tP¿Wenkw: cmP-tKm-]m¬
tdUntbm IYbpw Iebpw sI.-F.-_o\
-Kq-tKm-f-h¬°-cWw:ANypXv i¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿
-Zr-iy-hn-kva-b-temIw:Fw.-sI.-in-h-i-¶-c≥
ae-bmf sSen-hn-j≥ Ncn{Xw :tUm.-Sn.-sI. kt¥m-jvIp-am¿, {] v A°m-Zan

126
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 4 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4VOT10

D]-\ym-kc
- N
- \
]T-t\m-t±-iy-߃
D]-\ym-k-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ D¤-h-sØ-°p-dn®pw hnIm-k-sØ-°p-dn®pw hy‡-amb
Adnhv \¬Ip-I.
D]-\ym-k-c-N-\bv°v Bh-iy-amb ASn-ÿm-\-hym-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v kq£va-amb
[mcW tIm∏n FUn-‰¿°v D≠m-Ip-I.
D]-\ym-kc
- N
- \
- b
- psS ASn-ÿm-\X
- X
- z-ßsf°pdn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w D≠m-°p-I.
hnhn[ D]-\ym-k-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

samUyqƒ 1 tIm∏n FUn-‰n-ßn-\m-h-iy-amb ae-bmfw

A£-c-am-e, h¿Æhpw A£-chpw, D®m-c-Ww, D®m-c-Wm-hm-b-h-߃, D®m-cW coXn-Iƒ,
D®m-cW
- i
- p-≤n, kzc-hy-RvP\
- ß
- ƒ, kwk¿§w (k-am-\m-£c - w, k‘y-£c - w, Iq´-£c
- w) en]n-
Iƒ, D]-en-]n-Iƒ, en]n-]-cn-jv°-c-W-{i-a-߃, hmsam-gn, hc-samgn, `mjm-t`-Z-߃.

samUyqƒ 2
D]-\ym-k-c-N-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ XXz-߃, \n¿∆-N-\-߃, D]-\ym-k-im-J-bpsS D¤hhpw
hnIm-kh - pw, hnhn-[X
- cw D]-\ym-kß
- ƒ ˛ Bfl-\njvTw, hkvXp-\njvTw, D]-tZ-i]
- c
- w, hnt\m-
Z-]-cw, ssh⁄m-\nIw ˛ BJym\w, h¿Æ\w hnh-cWw, D]-]m-Z-\w.

samUyqƒ 3 D]-\ym-k-c-N-\-bpsS L´-߃

hnj-b-Øns‚ kz`mhw, cq]-I-ev]-\, GXp-Xcw hmb-\-°msc e£y-am-°p∂p. cN\mX{¥-
߃, `mj, Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw tIm∏n FUn-‰dpw, BapJw, ]q¿∆-]-£-߃, kn≤m-¥-]-
£w, km[I _m[I L´-ß-ƒ, kn≤m¥ ÿm]\w, D]kw-lm-cw.

samUyqƒ 4 hni-Z-]-T\w
1. `mjm-]T - \- Ø
- ns‚ {]k-‡n ˛ tUm. F≥. tKm]n-\m-Y≥\m-b¿ (hm-°ns‚ k©m-cw)
2. ae-bm-fs - sien ˛ Ip´n-°r-jW
v a- m-cm¿ (Ie PohnXw Xs∂)
3. `mjm-ip-≤n-sb-∏‰n ˛ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn (hn-⁄m-\s - sI-cf- n, 2003, Unkw-_¿)
4. amXr-`mjm \∂m-hm≥˛ s{]m^. ]∑\ cma-N{- µ≥\m-b¿ (\√ `mj)
D]-\ym-kØ - nse ]pXnb {]h-WX - I- ƒ kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-Nb
- s
- ∏-SW - w.

klm-b-I-{KŸ-߃
1. tIcf ]mWn-\obw ˛ G.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω.
2. B[p-\nI `mjm imkv{Xw ˛ tUm. sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿
3. ae-bm-f-ssien ˛ Ip´n-°r-jvW-am-cm¿
4. sX‰n-√mØ ae-bmfw ˛ ]∑\ cma-N-{µ≥\m-b¿
5. sX‰pw icnbpw ˛ ]∑\ cma-N-{µ≥\m-b¿
6. \√ ae-bmfw ˛ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xncn
7. kmln-Xy-kmlyw ˛ G.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

127
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 4 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4VOT11

PHOTOSHOP, COREL DRAW& DTP

Module 1
1. Getting started with Photoshop
Opening as existing file
The Photoshop program window, title bar, menu bar, the options bar, images window,
image title bar, the navigator palette, color palette, layers palette, screen modes,
the toolbox, guidelines for working with toolbox, creating a new file, saving files,
reverting files, closing files.
2. Working with images & colors
Bitmap & vector images, file types for various purposes (RGB,CYMK), opening
recently used files images sizes
Changing the images size, image resolution, changing the resolution.
Editing photographs from our own albums & images
Scanning images, rotating images, cropping, hiding instead of cropping , canvas
size, color modes, file formats, setting the current foreground & background colors,
color picker palette, eye- dropper tool, swatches palette.
3. Making sections
Selection tools
Marquee selection tools, lasso tools ( polygonal lasso tool, magnetic lasso tool,
magic wand too, grow & similar commands, moving a selection, editing selections,
filling a section, transforming selections, inverting a selection.

Module -2
4. Painting & editing tools
Painting tools painting tool options, paintbrush tool, brushes palette, creating a
new brush, undo, history brush tool, art history brush tool, gradient tool, paint
bucket tool.
Drawing tools
Drawing basic geometric shapes, custom shape tool.
Editing tools
Blur tool, sharpen tool, smudge tool, clone stamp tool, pattern stamp tool.
Toning tools
Dodge tool, burn tool.
Eraser tools

128
 Eraser tools, background eraser tool, magic eraser tool, slice tool.
5. Layers
Layer palette
Working with layers, creating a new layer, selecting , hiding / showing, deleting,
sorting, repositioning , merging, linking and transforming layers, layers effects,
rotating skewing, flipping & distorting layers
6. Type
Creating types, changing the types settings, converting point types to paragraph
type, warping types , styles, converting type layers to standard layers, the types
selection
7. Filters
The filter menu, artistic filters, pixelate filters, render filter, sketch filters, stylize
filters & customer filters
Module 3
8. Core IDRAW Basics
Getting started with core1DRAW
Creating a new file
The core1DRAW Screen
Title bar, menu bar, standard tool bar, work area and printable pages, property
bar, page counter bar, color palette, toolbox ,status bar
Drawing basic geometric figures
Drawing lines, drawing ellipse and circles, drawing rectangles and squares, drawing
polygons
Saving and closing a file, opening an existing Corel drawing views
Normal view, full screen preview, Simple wireframe view, draft view and Zoom
The view Manager-Creating a view
9.Drawing and Selecting
Getting familiar with the Toolbox
Getting started with the Project
Selecting an object, resizing an object, moving changing the shape of an object,
combining two objects, skewing an object, drawing a polygon, welding the objects,
blending two objects, drawing a curved line, drawing straight lines, continuing a
line, changing the view mode, the art is tic media tool, rotating an objects, the fill
toolflyout, filling an object with single colour, artistic media tool in spray mode.

Module 4
10.Working with Text
The text tool
Artistic text, paragraph text
Converting from one Text type of Another
Formatting text

129
Changing the font size of the text, arranging objects, ordering the objects,
changing the font applying bullets, decorating the text, webdings.
The text editor
Opening the editor, Changing the alignment, changing the type style, spell &
grammer checking of the text, replacing the text, editing characters, kerning text,
formatting individual characters
11.Working the images
Bitmap and Vector Images, Resizing, rotating, skewing & cropping an image,
importing and exporting images Resizing, moving, rotating and skewing an
image.
12.Page Layour and Background
Changing the page size(paper type & dimensions)changing the page layout,
changing the page back ground page frame.
Module 5
13 DTP
Familiarizing different types of outputs (laser printer output, flexography,
photographic print etc 10DTP work incorporating PageMaker, Corel DRAW and
Photoshop.
10.hours for Seminar/Tests
A record of a minimum of DTP work work must be done by a student
Practical examinations to be conducted by the University.
Reference
1.Jennifer Ackerman Kettell, Guy Hart-Davis and Curt Simmons, 2003,
Microsoft Office 2003: The complete Reference, Tata MCGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited –NewDelhi
2.Office 2003, 2005, dreamtech Press-NewDelhi.
3.Scott Basham, 2009, Pagemaker in Easy steps, dremtech Press-New Delhi.
4.Dawn Erdos, 1995, Teach yourself Core IDRAW, BPB publications-New
Delhi.
5.Stephen Copestake, 1998, CoreIDRAW, Complex Computer Publishing.
6.Adrienne Thommy 2004, photoshop, Firewall media-Newdelhi.
7.Deke MC Clelland, 2005, Photoshop, Wiley eastern-dreamtch India Pvt.LLtd.
Note
1.The course MS Word & Pagemaker is a practical course
2.Practical examinations to be conducted by the University.
3.A record of a minimum 10 page maker and MS Word work must be done by a
student.
4.Then hours for seminar /tests.
5.Students strength for practical batch shall be 8 each practical batch must be
supervised by a course teacher.

130
 _n.F.aebmfw tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 4 shmt°jW¬ tImgvkv
(tamU¬ 2 tIm∏nssd‰nwKv & tIm∏nFUn‰nwKv)
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4OJT01

ON THE JOB TRAINING,

PROJECT AND REPORT

Model II BA Malayalam Vocational students should submit a project report

pertaining to the conduct of on the job training (as it is a part of Vocational Course
VII)containing a detailed account of the various stages of the project work. The
basic facts/documents used for the project work must be attached along with the
report. The basic facts/documents used for the project work must be attached along
with the report. The basic facts/documents are to be determined in accordance with
the vocation content. For copy editing these documents are the body of the matter
before editing and the ideas and models etc. used for copying writing. The teacher
concerned will decide on the topic of the project and will evaluate the project. The
grade for this course must be submitted to the University along with the internal
assessment of the Fourth semester.

131
 tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xn
tIm¿, Hm∏¨, CeIvSohv tImgvkpIƒ

5,6 skaÃdpIƒ

tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤XnbpsS
5,6 skaÃdpIfnse tImgvkpIƒ
tamU¬ 1 teXpXs∂bmWv

tamU¬ 2 ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬ 4˛mw skaÃdn¬

OJT t{]mPŒv D≈Xn\m¬ Bdmw skaÃdn¬
thsd t{]mPŒv C√.

132
 tamU¬ 2 _n.F. lnÃdn°p≈
aebmfw ]mTy]≤Xn
tImwπnsa‚dn tImgvkpIƒ

3, 4 skaÃdpIƒ

skaÿ 3
kmlnXyhpw Ncn{Xhpw
skaÿ 4
`mjbpw B[p\nIoIcWhpw

133
 _n.F.lnÃdn tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 3 tImwπnsa‚dn aebmfw tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML3CMT07

kmln-Xyhpw Ncn-{Xhpw

kmln-Xyhpw Ncn-{Xhpw XΩn-ep-ff hn\n-a-b-_‘w k¶o¿W-am-Wv. {]Xn-^-e-\-hm-

Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu _‘w hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ {]h-WX ae-bm-f-Øn¬ kmam\yw
{]_-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥ Hcp Ncn-{X-bm-Ym¿Yyw ap≥Iq´n D≠v F∂m-W-Xns‚
ho£-Ww. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXp kmln-XysØ c≠mw-Xc - Ø
- n-te°p am‰p-∂p. Ncn{Xw kmln-
Xy-Ønepw kmlnXyw Ncn-{X-Ønepw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚, ]e-t∏mgpw {]I-S-a-√m-Ø, hgn-
Iƒ At\z-jn-°p-∂-XmWp IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-sa∂ k¶-ev]-Øn-emWv Cu tImgvkv cq]-I-
ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kzX-{¥-]-Z-hn-bmWv Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-h-ßsf Bg-
Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-sX∂ ImgvN-∏mSpw ]pe¿Øp-∂p-≠v. Xmc-X-tay\ Zo¿L-amb Ime-
b-f-hnse kmlnXyw ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp s]mXp-Nn{Xw \evImt\
tImgvkvsIm≠p km[n-°q.

samUyqƒ I
ae-bmfw kmln-Xy-`m-jb - mbn cq]-s∏-Sp∂ kml-Nc
- yw-˛k
- w-kvIr-Xh
- p-am-bp-ff h¿[n®
hn\n-a-b-_-‘w-˛-]m-´v, aWn-{]-hm-fw, \mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ F∂o kmln-Xy-[m-c-Iƒ-˛-K-Zy-Øns‚
Ah-ÿ-˛-`m-jm-Iu-S-eo-bw, {_“m-WvU-]p-cmWw apX-em-b-h-˛-`-‡n-{]-ÿm-\hpw {]mtZ-in-
I-`m-j-I-fpsS hnIm-k-hpw-˛-I-Y-I-fn, Xpf-f¬ F∂o X\-Xp-Zr-iy-I-e-Ifpw kmln-Xy-hpw-˛-
\m-´p-cm-Py-߃, P∑n-hy-h-ÿ, t£{X-tI-{µn-X-Po-hn-Xw, PmXn-L-S\ Ch a[y-Im-e-km-ln-
Xy-Ønepw Iem-cq-]-ß-fnepw Fßs\ {]h¿Øn-®p-sh-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nb kmam-\y-[m-c-W-˛-ssh-
tZ-in-I-_-‘-߃-˛-`m-j-bnse kzm[o-\w-˛-A-d-_n-a-e-bm-fw, ]pØ≥]m-\, Nhn-´p-\m-S-Iw.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. hnZp-c-hmIyw ˛ Fgp-Ø-—≥ (alm-`m-cXw Infn-∏m´v DtZym-K-]¿hw, ‘Nn¥n-®p-
[r-X-cm-{„≥ hnZp-c≥ Xs∂ t\m°n’ F∂p apX¬ ‘DØcw ]d-bmsX
t]mbm-c-tßm-tcm-Zn-°n¬’ hsc).
2. ⁄m\-∏m\ ˛ ]q¥m\w (‘Ime-an-∂p-I-en-bp-K-a-√tbm’ apX¬ Ah-km\w
hsc).
3. IncmXw Hm´≥Xp-f-f¬ ˛ Ip©≥\-ºn-bm¿ (‘tLmWn-Ø-Sn-bs\ t\m°n-b
-b-s®mcp’ apX¬ Ah-km\w hsc).

samUyqƒ II
{_n´ojv B[n-]Xyhpw \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-hpw-˛-A-[n-\n-th-iw-˛-B-[p-\n-I-
X. tIc-f\- t- hm-∞m-\w-˛h
- y-XykvX ho£-Wß
- ƒ. anj-\d - n-{]-h¿Ø-\ß- ƒ-˛k - a- p-Zm-b]
- c
- n-jvI-
c-W{- ]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ˛-sImtfmWn-b¬ B[p-\n-IX- . A®-Snbpw B[p-\n-IX - b
- pw-˛]- p-Xnb kmln-
Xy-cq-]-߃-˛-K-Zy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®-˛-Po-h¬-˛-]p-tcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-{]-ÿm-\-߃-˛-\m-
S-Ihpw kmaqlnI-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw-˛-tZ-io-b-{]-ÿm-\hpw kmln-Xyhpw˛sF-Iy-tI-c-f-k-a-c-
߃-˛-km-ln-Xy-\n-cq-]-W-Øns‚ hf¿®bpw sshhn-[y-hpw-˛-Im-ev]-\n-I-˛-b-Ym-X-Y-{]-ÿm-\-
߃.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. NWvUm-e-`n-£pIn ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

134
 2. \Ω-sfm∂v ˛ sNdp-ImSv

samUyqƒ III
C¥ybpsS kzmX-{¥y-{]m-]vXn-˛-Xn-cp-˛-sIm®n kwtbm-P-\w-˛-tI-c-f-∏n-d-hn-˛-H∂mw tIc-
f- a-{¥n-k-`-˛-Im¿jn-I-_-‘-_n¬-˛-hn-tam-N-\-k-a-cw-˛-B-[p-\n-IXhmZw-˛-A-`y-kvX-hn-Zycpw
sXmgn-en-√m-bva-bpw-˛-km-ln-Xy-Ønse ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒ-˛-A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-˛-\-Ivk¬{]-
ÿm-\ß - ƒ-˛P- \- Iob kmwkvIm-cn-It- h-Zn-˛K
- ƒ^v IpSn-tb-‰w-˛k
- zm-X{- ¥ym-\¥
- c
- k
- a
- q-lØ
- nse
{]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw {]iv\-ßfpw˛Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bpsS {Ita-W-bp-ff XI¿®bpw CXc
sXmgn¬ta-J-e-I-fpw.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. taml≥Zmkv Km‘nbpw \mYpdmw tKmZvtkbpw ˛ F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿
2. s\√p-Ip-Øp-Imcn ]mdp-hns‚ IY ˛ CS-t»cn
3. t]mØv ˛ F≥.-F≥. I°mSv
4. IS¬Øo-cØv ˛ H.-hn. hnP-b≥

samUyqƒ IV
BtKmfo-I-c-Ww, kmº-ØnI DZm-c-h-XvI-c-Ww-˛-B-[p-\n-Im-\-¥-c-km-ln-Xyw-˛-{]-hm-
khpw ae-bm-fn-k-aq-l-hpw-˛-ÿq-e-cm-{„o-b-Øn¬\n∂p kq£va-cm-{„o-b-Øn-te°v ˛ Zfn-Xv,
kv{Xo, ]cn-ÿn-Xn, BZn-hmkn Pohn-Xhpw kmln-Xym-hn-jvIm-c-ß-fpw-˛-enw-K-]-Z-ho-t_m-[w-
˛-hn-h-c-km-t¶-Xn-IhnZy, \h-am-[y-a-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS kzm[o\w ˛ Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bpsS
XI¿®-˛-{]m-tZ-in-I-N-cn-{Xw-˛-{]m-tZ-in-IX kmln-Xym-hn-jvIm-c-ß-fn¬-˛-A-\p-`-h-sa-gpØv ˛
tIs´-gp-Xnb Bfl-I-Y-I-fpsS {]k-‡n.
hni-Z-]-T\w:
1. sIm®n-bnse hr£-߃ ˛ sI.-Pn. i¶-c-∏n-ff
2. IdpØ Xpf-Iƒ ˛ kmdm-tPm-k^v
3. ]¥n-t`m-P\w ˛ kt¥mjv G®n-°m\w
4. I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Fs‚ PohnXw (FUn: Xml-am-Smbn) ˛ s]m°p-S≥

klm-bI-{K-Ÿ-߃
tIi-h≥ shfp-Øm´v ˛kmln-Xyhpw Ncn-{X-hpw, amXr-`q-an,- tImgnt°mSv.
C.-Fw.-F-kv.˛tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`q-an, Nn¥, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.
{io[-c-ta-t\m≥, F.˛ tIc-f-N-cn-{Xw, Un.-kn.-_n., tIm´-bw.
tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥, ]n.-sI.˛tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-N-cn-{Xw, `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,
Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.
IrjvW-]n-ff, F≥.˛ ssIcfnbpsS IY, Un.-kn.-_n., tIm´-bw.

(Ipdn∏v: henb Ime-b-f-hnse kmln-Xy-N-cn-{Xm-\p-`-h-߃ Dƒs°m-f-fn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ ]mTy-

]-≤X - n-bm-Wn-Xv. kvIoanse {][m\ k¶-ev]\- ß
- sf ASn-ÿm-\s- ∏-SpØn hnZym¿Yn-
I- s f- s °m≠v Assk≥sa‚ v / tSw t]∏¿ Fgp- X n- ° mw. Nne hnj- b - ß ƒ
{Kq∏vh¿°mbn \n¿t±-in-°mw. Ah-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ B¥-cn-Ia - q-ey-\n¿Wbw
\S-Ømw.)

135
 _n.F.lnÃdn tamU¬ 2
skaÿ 4 tImwπnsa‚dn aebmfw tImgvkv
tImgvkv ttImUv
ImUv : ML4CMT08

`mjbpw B[p-\n-Io-I-c-Whpw
(hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\m-bp-ff teJ-\-߃ am{Xw)

samUyqƒ I
1. B[p-\n-I-a-e-bm-f-`mj ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿a.
2. `mjm-[y-b\w ˛ sI. Ip©p-Æn-cm-P (`mjm-K-th-jWw).
3. ae-bm-f-ssien ˛ H∂mw A[ymbw ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv.
4. tNmdn-s‚bpw hb-dn-s‚bpw ]n∂mse ˛ sI.-F≥. Fgp-Ø-—≥ (apØpw ]hn-ghpw).

samUyqƒ II
1. ]®-a-e-bmfw ˛ A∏≥ Xºp-cm≥ (sXc-s™-SpØ {]_-‘-߃ ˛ kmlnXy A°m-Zan).
2. hymI-c-W-]-T\w ˛ sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿ (sXfnhpw shfnhpw ˛ ]q¿W).
3. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS ae-bmfw ˛ C.-Fw.-F-kv. (sXc-s™-SpØ {]_-‘-߃ ˛ kmlnXy
A°m-Zan).
4. KW-]-Xnbpw apcp-I\pw ˛ Iev]‰ \mcm-b-W≥ (Ihn-X-bpsS Poh-N-cn{Xw ˛ amXr-`qan).

samUyqƒ III
1. `mjbpw `mj-Whpw ˛ Fkv. Kp]vX≥\m-b¿ (hmK¿Y-hn-Nmcw ˛ `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v).
2. ssien F∂ ioew ˛ thWp-tKm-]m-e∏ - W
- n-°¿ (NnX-dn-t∏mb knwl-\mZw ˛ kmlnXy
A°m-Zan).
3. A[n-Im-chpw `mjbpw ˛ ]n.-Fw. Kncojv (A[n-Im-chpw `mj-bpw, ]m∏n-tbm¨).
4. heym-∏-bpsS ioe-°pS ˛ Fw.-F≥. Imc-t»cn (\oXn-tX-Sp∂ hm°v ˛ Un.-kn.-_n.).

samUyqƒ IV
1. ae-bm-f-t∏Sn ˛ kvIdnbm k°-dnb, aebmfw XmbvthcpIƒ ]pXp\mºpIƒ, Z£nW,
sNss∂
2. ae-bm-fk
- w-c£
- Ww F¥n-\v, Fßs\ ˛ tPm¿Pv Ccp-ºbw (ae-bm-fhpw ae-bm-fnbpw).
3. `mjbpw aq∂mw-tem-Ihpw ˛ ]n.-]h
- n-{X≥ (`mj: \ho-\]
- T
- \
- h
- g
- n-Iƒ-˛b
- p.-kn. tImtfPv).

klmbI{KŸßƒ
1. aebmfØns‚ `mhn˛ sI. tkXpcma≥
2. amXr`mjbv°pth≠nbp≈ kacw˛ ]n.]hn{X≥
3. `mj\ho\ ]T\hgnIƒ˛(FUn) kn_ptamSbn¬
4. a\ ns‚ A]tImf\oIcWw ˛ KqKn hm XntbmwKn
5. G.Bdns‚ sXcs™SpØ {]_‘߃
6. \ΩpsS `mj˛ C.Fkv.Fkv.

136
 A\p_‘w

]cnÿnXn]T\hpw a\pjymhImi]T\hpw
tImgvkv ]mTy]≤XnbpsS Cw•ojv cq]w
(3,4 samUyqƒ HgnsI)

137
 CORE MODULE SYLLABUS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & HUMAN
RIGHTS
FOR UNDER GRADUATE COURSES OF ALL BRANCHES
OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Vision
The importance of environmental science and environmental studies cannot be
disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. Continuing
problems of pollution, solid waste disposal, degradation of environment, issues like
economic productivity and national security, Global warming, the depletion of ozone layer
and loss of biodiversity have made everyone aware of environmental issues. The United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janerio in 1992 and
World Summit on Sustainable Development at Johannesburg in 2002 have drawn the
attention of people around the globe to the deteriorating condition of our environment. It is
clear that no citizen of the earth can afford to be ignorant of environment issues..
India is rich in biodiversity which provides various resources for people. Only about 1.7
million living organisms have been described and named globally. Still many more remain
to be identified and described. Attempts are made to conserve them in ex-situ and in-situ
situations. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become important in a biodiversity-rich
country like India to protect microbes, plants and animals that have useful genetic properties.
Destruction of habitats, over-use of energy resource and environmental pollution have
been found to be responsible for the loss of a large number of life-forms. It is feared that a
large proportion of life on earth may get wiped out in the near future.
In spite of the deteriorating status of the environment, study of environment have so far
not received adequate attention in our academic programme. Recognizing this, the Hon’ble
Supreme Court directed the UGC to introduce a basic course on environment at every
level in college education. Accordingly, the matter was considered by UGC and it was
decided that a six months compulsory core module course in environmental studies may
be prepared and compulsorily implemented in all the University/Colleges of India.
The syllabus of environmental studies includes five modules including human rights. The
first two modules are purely environmental studies according to the UGC directions. The
second two modules are strictly related with the core subject and fifth module is for human
rights.
Objectives
• Environmental Education encourages students to research, investigate how and
why things happen, and make their own decisions about complex environmental
issues by developing and enhancing critical and creative thinking skills. It helps to
foster a new generation of informed consumers, workers, as well as policy or
decision makers.

• Environmental Education helps students to understand how their decisions and

actions affect the environment, builds knowledge and skills necessary to address
complex environmental issues, as well as ways we can take action to keep our
environment healthy and sustainable for the future. It encourages character building,
and develop positive attitudes and values.

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 • To develop the sense of awareness among the students about the environment and
its various problems and to help the students in realizing the inter-relationship
between man and environment and helps to protect the nature and natural resources.

• To help the students in acquiring the basic knowledge about environment and the
social norms that provide unity with environmental characteristics and create
positive attitude about the environment.
SYLLABUS
4 credits 72 hrs
Module I
Unit 1 : Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
Definition, scope and importance (2 hrs)
Need for public awareness.
Unit 2 : Natural Resources :
Renewable and non-renewable resources : Natural resources and associated
problems.
a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies.
Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal
people.
b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water,
floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems.
c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting
and using mineral resources, case studies.
d) Food resources : World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems,
water
logging, salinity, case studies.
e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable
energy sources,
use of alternate energy sources, Case studies.
f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil
erosion

and desertification

• Role of individual in conservation of natural resources.

• Equitable use of resources for sustainable life styles. ( 10

hrs)

Unit 3: Ecosystems
• Concept of an ecosystem

• Structure and function of an ecosystem

• Producers, consumers and decomposers

• Energy flow in the ecosystem

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 • Ecological succession

• Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.

• Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the given

ecosystem:- Forest ecosystem
( 6 hrs)
Module II
Unit 1: Biodiversity and its conservation

• Introduction

• Biogeograhical classification of India

• Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and
option values.

• India as a mega-diversity nation

• Hot-sports of biodiversity

• Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts

• Endangered and endemic species of India

( 8 hrs)

Unit 2: Environmental Pollution

Definition
Causes, effects and control measures of: -
a. Air pollution

b. Water pollution

c. Soil pollution

d. Marine pollution

e. Noise pollution

f. Thermal pollution

g. Nuclear hazards

• Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and

industrial wastes.

• Role of an individual in prevention of pollution

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 • Pollution case studies

• Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. (8

hrs)

Unit 3: Social Issues and the Environment

• Urban problems related to energy

• Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management

• Resettlement and rehabilitation of people: its problems and concerns, Case

studies

• Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions

• Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion , nuclear
accidents and holocaust, Case studies

• Consumerism and waste products

• Environment Protection Act

• Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

• Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act

• Wildlife Protection Act

• Forest Conservation Act

• Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation

• Public awareness
(10 hrs)

Module – V
Unit 1- Human Rights– An Introduction to Human Rights, Meaning, concept and
development, Three Generations of Human Rights (Civil and Political Rights;
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights).
Unit-2 Human Rights and United Nations – contributions, main human rights
related organs - UNESCO,UNICEF, WHO, ILO, Declarations for women and children,
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Human Rights in India – Fundamental rights and Indian Constitution, Rights for
children and women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Castes and
Minorities
Unit-3 Environment and Human Rights - Right to Clean Environment and Public
Safety: Issues of Industrial Pollution, Prevention, Rehabilitation and Safety Aspecto f

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New Technologies such as Chemical and Nuclear Technologies, Issues of Waste
Disposal, Protection of Environment
Conservation of natural resources and human rights: Reports, Case studies
and policy formulation. Conservation issues of western ghats- mention Gadgil
committee report, Kasthurirengan report. Over exploitation of ground water resources,
marine fisheries, sand mining etc.
(8 Hrs)

Internal: Field study

• Visit to a local area to document environmental grassland/ hill /mountain

• Visit a local polluted site – Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural Study of

common

plants, insects, birds etc

• Study of simple ecosystem-pond, river, hill slopes, etc

(Field work Equal to 5

lecture hours)

REFERENCES

1. Bharucha Erach, Text Book of Environmental Studies for undergraduate Courses.

University Press, IInd Edition 2013 (TB)

2. Clark.R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford (Ref)

3. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T.2001 Environmental

Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House. Mumbai. 1196p .(Ref)

4. Dc A.K.Enviornmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(Ref)

5. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment (Ref)

6. Heywood, V.H & Watson, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment, Cambridge
University Press 1140pb (Ref)

7. Jadhav.H & Bhosale.V.M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya

Pub. House, Delhi 284p (Ref)

8. Mekinney, M.L & Schock.R.M. 1996 Environmental Science Systems & Solutions.
Web enhanced edition 639p (Ref)

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 9. Miller T.G. Jr., Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB)

10. Odum.E.P 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA 574p (Ref)

11. Rao.M.N & Datta.A.K. 1987 Waste Water treatment Oxford & IBII Publication
Co.Pvt.Ltd.345p (Ref)

12. Rajagopalan. R, Environmental Studies from crisis and cure, Oxford University
Press, Published: 2016 (TB)

13. Sharma B.K., 2001. Environmental Chemistry. Geol Publ. House, Meerut (Ref)

14. Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon, Essentials of Ecology, Blackwell

Science (Ref)

15. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules Guidelines, Compliances

and Stadards, Vol I and II, Enviro Media (Ref)

16. Trivedi R. K. and P.K. Goel, Introduction to air pollution, Techno-Science

Publication (Ref)

17. Wanger K.D., 1998 Environmental Management. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia,
USA 499p (Ref)

18. (M) Magazine (R) Reference (TB) Textbook

Human Rights
1. Amartya Sen, The Idea Justice, New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2009.

2. Chatrath, K. J.S., (ed.), Education for Human Rights and Democracy

(Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, 1998)

3. Law Relating to Human Rights, Asia Law House,2001.

4. Shireesh Pal Singh, Human Rights Education in 21st Century, Discovery

Publishing House Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi,

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 5. S.K.Khanna, Children And The Human Rights, Common Wealth

Publishers,1998. 2011.

6. Sudhir Kapoor, Human Rights in 21st Century,Mangal Deep Publications,

Jaipur,2001.

7. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report

2004: Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World, New Delhi: Oxford

University Press, 2004.

SIX MONTHS COMPULSORY CORE MODULE COURSE IN

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES & HUMAN RIGHTS : FOR
UNDERGRADUATES
Teaching Methodologies
The core Module Syllabus for Environmental Studies includes class room teaching and
Field Work. The syllabus is divided into five modules covering 72 lectures. The first two
modules will cover 44 lectures which are class room based to enhance knowledge skills
and attitude to environment. The third and forth is based on subject related environmental
studies which will be covered in 20 lecture hours and would provide student a
multidisciplinary knowledge on environmental issues in relation with the core subject.
Human rights is also included in the fifth module and 8 lectures are set apart for that. Field
study is one of the most effective learning tools for environmental concerns and is purely
for internal evaluation. This moves out of the scope of the text book mode of teaching into
the realm of real learning in the field, where the teacher merely acts as a catalyst to interpret
what the student observes or discovers in his/her own environment. Field studies are as
essential as class work and form an irreplaceable synergistic tool in the entire learning
process.

• Course material provided by UGC for class room teaching and field activities be utilized.

• The universities/colleges can also draw upon expertise of outside resource persons for
teaching purpose.

• Environmental Core Module shall be integrated into the teaching programmes of all
undergraduate courses.

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