5. B.

REACTIONS OF Fe2+
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation
0.5M FeSO4 Appearance of deep FeSO4(aq)+ 2KOH(aq)  Fe(OH)2(s) + K2SO4(aq)
+ 2M KOH green precipitate in test or: Fe2+ + 2OH-  Fe(OH)2
tube.

0.5M FeSO4 Initially, the test tube FeSO4(aq) + 6NH3(aq)  [Fe(NH3)6]SO4(aq)

+ 2M NH4OH appears deep green or: Fe2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O  Fe(OH)2 + 2NH4+
precipitate, then the Fe(OH)2 + 6NH3  [Fe(NH3)6]2+ + 2OH-
precipitate dissolves to
create a colorless
solution.
Discussion: Initially, FeSO4 solution is light green, KOH and NH4OH solution are colorless.
- In experiment 1, slowly put 5 drops of 2M KOH solution into a test tube containing 10 drops of
0.5M FeSO4 solution, shake well. We observe the appearance of a deep green precipitate since the Fe 2+
cation reacts with two OH- anion to form a precipitate of deep green color Fe(OH)2.
- In experiment 2, slowly put 5 drops of 2M NH4OH solution into a test tube containing 10 drops of
0.5M FeSO4 solution, shake well. Initially, we observe a deep green precipitate, then precipitate
dissolves to form a colorless solution since in NH4OH solution, there is always an equilibrium: NH3 +

H2O   NH4+ + OH−. With the presence of NH3, the Fe2+ cation forms a complex with six NH 3
ligands to form a complex [Fe(NH3)6]2+.

7. FLAME TEST
Solution Dominant flame color Wavelength Frequency Photon energy
(nm) (s1) (J)
LiCl Red-Orange 622 4.82×1014 3.20×10-19

NaCl Yellow 587 5.11×1014 3.39×10-19

 KCl Blue-Violet* 455 6.59×1014 4.37×10-19

CaCl2 Orange 609 4.93×1014 3.26×10-19

BaCl2 Yellow-Green 577 5.20×1014 3.45×10-19

Discussion:
- Ionic compound's ions, usually cations, can be identified via the flame test. The flame test may be
used to determine which metals are present because each cation has specific flame color.
- In this case, we observe the flame color of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and BaCl2 to distinguish these
metals. Li+ has red-orange color, Na+ has yellow color, K+ has blue-violet color, Ca2+ has orange color,
and Ba2+ has yellow-green color.

*Note: In the experiment with KCl solution, the light of room affects our camera, and the color of
flame disappears very fast so we cannot take the photo exactly. But in fact, our group observed K+
cation with the blue-violet flame color.