PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

LESSON 8: SUBJECTS/RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY AND SAMPLING

TECHNIQUES

Contents:
1. Subjects/ Respondents of the Study
2. Sampling Techniques
3. Probability Sampling
4. Non-Probability Sampling
_____________________________________________________________________________________

SUBJECTS/RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

 Subjects are persons or animals investigated in the study.
 Respondents are providers of information needed in the study, elicited orally or in
writing.

Sometimes research subjects are referred to as human subjects, research participants or study
volunteers.

Who would be your participants? Know your own study and set criteria on who would be
able to provide answer for answering your questions for the research.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
 Explain what sampling technique will be used in your study; why you will
use it; and what procedure will be followed to carry out the technique.
“Paano ang pagkuha nyo ng mga participants nyo?”

2 MAJOR SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

 Probability Sampling
 Non-Probability Sampling

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 A Probability Sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form
of random selection.
 In order to have a random selection method, you must set up some process or
procedure that assures that the different units in your population have equal
probabilities of being chosen.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

1. Simple Random Sampling
2. Stratified Random Sampling
3. Systematic Random Sampling
4. Cluster Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling

 the simplest form of random sampling
 It is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population)
 Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual
has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process
Stratified Random Sampling
 sometimes called proportional or quota random sampling
 It involves dividing your population into homogeneous subgroups and then
taking a simple random sample in each subgroup.

Example:

Scholar
Students
Grade 11
Voucher
SHS Students
Students
Paying
Grade 12
Students
Systematic Random Sampling
 Sample members from a larger population are selected according to a
random starting point but with a fixed, periodic interval.
 Choosing a sample size through a systematic approach can be done quickly. .

Example:
(Students in a class) N = 54
(Wanted no. of respondents in a class) Want n =15
N/n = 54/15 = 3.6 =4
Select a random number from 1-4 = 3
Start with #3 and take every 4th unit.
 Cluster Random Sampling
 Also known as Area Sampling
 It is a method that makes the most of groups or clusters in the population
that correctly represent the total population in relation to the characteristic
that is wished to be measured.
 Characteristic often used to define clusters is geography.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the odds of any
member being selected for a sample cannot be calculated.
 it relies on the subjective judgement of the researcher.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

1. Convenience Sampling
2. Purposive Sampling

Convenience Sampling
 Sometimes called accidental sampling, opportunity sampling or grab
sampling.
 This involves collecting a sample from somewhere convenient to you: the
mall, your local school, your church

Purposive Sampling
 also referred to as a judgmental or expert sampling
 The main objective of a purposive sample is to produce a sample that can be
logically assumed to be representative of the population.