INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION
Drug Is a Substance Used in The Diagnosis Prevention and Treatment of Disease.

WHO DEFINITION
a drug is any substance or product that is used or intended to be modify or explore physiological systems or pathological status for the benefit
of the recipient

PHARMACOKINETICS
Pharmacokinetic is the study of the absorption distribution metabolism and excretions of drugs is what the body does to body.

PHARMACODYNAMICS
Pharmacodynamics is the study of effect of the drug on the body and their mechanism of action is what the drug does to the body.

THERAPEUTICS
Deals with the use of drug in the prevention and treatment of disease.

TOXICOLOGY
Toxicology deals with the adverse effect of drug and also the studying of poisons that is detection prevention and treatment of poisoning.

CHEMOTHERAPY
chemotherapy is the use of chemicals of the treatment of infection the term now also includes the use of chemical compound of treat
Medicinary.

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FACTOTRS AFFECTING ON ACTION OF DRUG
There are several factors related to individual and their environment

Age - young human being formula is different according to older

young formula – child dose =age(years)/age +12 X adult + dose

SEX: - The hormonal effect and smaller body size may influence drug response is women specially care is necessary while

BODY WEIGHT: -The recommended those is calculating for mellitus build for the person the close has to be calculate individual

• The source of the drug could be natural or synthetic

NATURAL RESOURCES: DRUG CAN BE OBTAINED FORM

• Plant- example atropine, morphine, quinine, digoxin

• Animal- example insulin, heparin antitoxic sera
• Mineral – example: - Magnesium, Sulphate, aluminium, hydroxide
• Microorganism- example antibacterial agent are obtained from some bacteria fungi with that have a penicillin, cephalosporin,
tetracycline
• Human- example some drugs are obtained from blood immunoglobins

SYNTHETIC SOURCES: -most drugs are now synthesized example ;quinolone amepqrazole,sulphonamide, Pancuronium many drugs are
obtained by cell culture .Example, urokinase

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 NON STEROIDS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS)

INTRODUCTION:
Non steroids anti-inflammatory drugs are medicines that are widely used to relive pain reduce inflammation bring down a high temperature.
they are often use to relieve symptoms of headache painful periods pain and strain cold and flu and arthritis.

CLASSIFICATION
NON SELECTIVE CYCLOOXYGENASE (COX) INHIBITORS

GROUP DRUGS
Salicylic acid Aspirin

Propionic acid Naproxen, Ibuprofen ,Ketoprofen, Oxaprozin , And Flurbiprofen.

Anthranillic acid Mefenamic acid

Oxicam derivatives Piroxicam and tenoxicam

Aryl-acetic derivative Diclofenac and acelofenac

Pyrazolone derivatives Phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone.

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Sr.no Name Dose/route Mechanism of action Indication contraindication Adverse Nurses responsibility
of drug

1 Aspirin TDS/Oral Inhibit the activity of Analgesic Aspirin Pregnancy Abdominal or • Asses the pt. for signs of
the enzymes now is a good analgesic breastfeeding stomach pain, bleeding (petechial
called cyclooxygenase and relieve pain of children12 years cramping or ecchymosis, bloody or black
(cox) which leads to inflammatory children with flu burning, black or stool, bleeding gums)
the formation of origin like symptoms teary stool, • Daring adequate fluids while
prostaglandin that hypersensitivity Change in taking aspirin
causes inflammation to salicylate GIT consciousness, • Advice pt. to avoid alcohol
swelling pain and bleeding vitamin K difficulty in when prescribe high dose of
fever deficiency breathing, aspirin
convulsion • Baby aspirin is preferred for
acute or prophylactic
management of heart
disease

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 DRUG USED IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

DRUG USED IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.

Bronchial asthma characterised by dyspnoea and where due to increase resistance to flow of also through the bronchi Bronchospasm
mucosal congestion and oedema result in present to virus stimuli like dust allergies cold air infections and drug.

CLASSIFICATION

 BRONCHODILATORS
1. Sympathomimetic - salbutamol, terbutaline
2. Methyl anthers – theophylline, aminophylline

 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DISEASE- Systemic- Glucocorticoids-Inhalation-Betamethasone

 SALBUTAMOL
Sympathomimetic or allergic drug trade name Aerolin drug that stimulate beta adrenergic receptors.it is used as bronchodilator’s to
receive asthma and emphysema

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 Name of Dose/route Mechanism of indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nurses responsibility
drug action

Salbutamol BD/inhalation Salbutamol and It is used as a Contraindications Dizziness fast  Monitor patient Airway,
tetracycline are bronchodilator to in patient with Heartbeat administrators of oxygen
selective B2 relieve a stomach hypersensitivity of palpitation  Assess lung sound, pulse rate,
against. Chronic Bronchitis a drug patient who nervousness blood pressure before drug
This stimulant B2 and emphysema having mouth administration and during peak
receptors in the cancer of medication
bronchial mucosa  Observe fore paradoxical
and cause spasm and withhold
Broncho dilation medication notify physician if
condition occurs
 Administer oral medication
with meals to minimise gastric
irritation

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NAME OF DOSE MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NUSRES RESPOMSIBILITY
DRUG /ROUTE ACTION

Verapamil Orally 80 Inhibit ca++ ions  Sick sinus  Assess cardiac  CNS  The critical care nurse is
to 120 mg in flex across cell syndrome status  headache responsible for imitating
membrane during  Heart block  blood pressure,  anxiety and maintain the newest
cardiac D  hypertension  pulse,  depression type of administration of
polarization  cardiogenic  respiration rate,  drowsiness continuous verapamil
produces Intravenous infusions
shock  hepatic studies  CV oedema
relaxations of  the nurses monitoring and
 severe heart during a long  Bradycardia
coronary vascular evolution of the desired
failure. treatment  Hypotension
smooth muscles and adverse effects held to
dilate coronary  Health education  AV block the team titrate the
arteries decrease  therapeutic  nausea dosage according to the
SA node response  vomiting patient response
conclusion dilate decreases. constipation  monitor BP very carefully
peripheral  Anginal pain with concurrent doses of
arteries decreases anti-hypertensive

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 CORTICOSTEROIDS

INTRODUCTION
Corticosteroid are hormones produced intake cortex of the adrenal gland they are gluco-corticoid, mineralocorticoid and a small amount of

androgen cortisol is major gluco-corticoids while aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid.

• Short acting- Hydrocortisone

• Intermediate- Prednisone, methyl prednisolone.

• Long- Dexamethasone, Betamethasone

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 Drug Route/dose Mechanism of action Indication Contradiction Adverse effect Nurses responsibility
name

Nitro- Adult IV 5mg It is act as a  It is used to  Hypersensitivity CNS  Assess pain duration
glycerine child IV 0.25 vasodilator and treat angina  Severe anaemia  Headache time
0.5 Decrease preload in people who  Increase  Flushing  Orthostatic BP pulse
mg/kg/minute with asteroid which have coronary intracranial  Dizziness rise BP after
artery disease administration
are responsible for pressure
 Hypertensive CVS  Evolution
decreasing left  Cerebral
crisis  Hypotension therapeutic response
ventricular end  Congestive
haemorrhage
decrease prevention
 Tachycardia
diastolic pressure heart failure
 Cardiopathy
of angina pain
 Collapse
Systemic vascular  Constructive  Assess for pain
Resistance dilate pancreatitis GI -monitor liver
coronary arteries  Nausea function studies
improve blood flow  Vomiting -monitor renal
through coronary function studies
vascular diabetes -Assess for allergic
reaction
-check the oedema

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NAME OF DOSE/ MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES
DRUG ROUTE ACTION RESPONSIBILITY

BD/ Prevent inflammatory Seasonal  Hypersensitivity  Anxiety  Monitor

Beta Oral by suppression of perminal symptomatic drug.  Hypotension respiratory
methadone migration of polymorph -allergies  Severe cardiac  nausea, vomiting function test
nuclear leucocytes vasomotor disease asthma  Monitor Blood
fibroblast and increased rhinitis nasal  bacterial and fungal  cough test
capillary polyps, chronic infection  Bronchitis  Monitor Renal
Betamethasone inhibits steroid  viral infection  muscles test
the release of mediator dependent mouth throat lung bronchospasm.  Asses for allergic
of inflammation .it asthma reaction.
prevent bronchospasm. prevention of
exercise included
asthma.

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 GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS

INTRODUCTION
Drug acting on the gastrointestinal system drug used in peptic ulcer and hyperacidity (acid peptic disease). we common in the present days
that we fall of tention and anxiety peptic ulcer due to an imbalance between acid pepsin secretion and mucosal defence factor.

CLASSIFICATION

1.Drug that neutralize gastric acid, antacid, MGOH2, ALCOH3

2.Drug that reduce gastric acid secretion
a) H2receptors blockers- cimetidine, ranitidine
b) Proton pump inhibitors –omeprazole
c) Muscarinic antagonists – pirenzepine
d) Ulcer protective – sucralfate, bismuths compound
3.Others drugs – carbenoxolone cisapride prostagland.

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 NAME OF ROUTE/ MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICA ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES
DRUG DOSE ACTION TION RESPONSIBILITY
Pantoprazole Oral IV/ BD Inhibits histamine Gastroesophage Hypersensitivity 1. Headache • Assess patient
IV 40mg and H2 receptors al reflux disease to drug or class 2. Insomnia general condition
site in the gastric severe excessive or component 3. Diarrhoea • Monitor input and
patient, oxyntic esophagitis. 4. Rash output chart
cells, which inhibits Ellison 5. Tachycardia • Advise patient to
gastric acid syndrome ulcer 6. Abdominal pain avoid alcohol and
secretion. with 7. Fever food that may cause
These drug helicobacter 8. pneumonia and increase GI
competively inhibits pylori. irritation
the action of • Avoid fasting and
histamine on H2 spicy food
receptors and these • Advice the patient
by reduce gastric se to take anti emetic
creation before one hour
exposure to
conditions causing
motion sickness or
before travelling

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 DIURETICS

INTRODUCTION

Kidney and execratory of our body severe the important function and excretion of waste product regulation of fluid volume and
electrolyte contact of the extracellular fluid.

CLASSIFICATION
1. High efficacy diuretics: Furosemide, Bumedantic Piretanide
2. Moderate efficacy diuretics: thiazide, benzothiazides- chlorothiazide moderate efficacy diuretics:
 potassium sparing diuretics
 triamterene Amiloride, spironolactone
 acetazolamide, Methazolamide
 osmotic diuretics
 mannitol

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NAME OF MECHANISM ROUTE/ INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES
DRUG OF ACTION DOSE RESPONSIBILITY
Furosemide It is loop ORAL/ OD  Pulmonary  Hypersensitivity  Auto Toxicity  Monitor daily
diuretic s used oedema  Anuria  Hyper Uraemia weight
to treat  Ascites  Breast feeding  Acute Hypovolemia intake and output
hypertension  Hypertension  Hypoalbuminia co  Potassium Depletion ratio
oedema  Congestive heart morbid illness  Allergies  Amount of location
Promotes failure  Severe renal impairment and oedema
diuresis by  Cirrhosis’s of  Hypotension  Lungs sound
blocking liver  Skin turgor and
tubular  Renal disease mucous membrane
reapportion of  Notify health care
sodium and professional if
chloride in the thirst, dry mouth
proximal distal lethargy weakness
tubule as well hypotension or
as in the thick oliguria occurs
ascending loop  Monitor BP and
of Henle pulse before and
during
administration

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 OPIOIDS

INTRODUCTION
Opioids analgesics: analgesics is a drug which relieve pain without loss of conscious, analgesic only afford symptomatic relief form
without affecting this cause

CLASSIFICATION
1. Agonist: -
 natural opium alkaloids
 Morphine, codeine
 Synthetic opioids
 Semisynthetic opioids
 heroine
2. Antagonist: - Example-Naloxone Naltrexone
3. Mixed agonist – Antagonist. Ex- Pentatonic, Nalbuphine, Butorphanol, Morphine

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NAME OF ROUTE/DOSE MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES
DRUG ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Morphine IV/TDS Mechanism, of action-  Moderate  Hypersensitivity Morphine can • Assess pain and
morphine and other to severe  Addiction(Opioid) produce wide range location type
opioids produce their pain  Haemorrhage of adverse effect character intensity
effect by acting on  Bronchial Asthma Like nausea, give dose before
specific opioids Increase ICD vomiting, dizziness, pain
receptor abundant in Mental clouding,
• Monitored intake
CNS and opioid s respiratory
and output chart
receptor are mucus depression,
kappa (CK) and delta (s) constipation urinary • Check for
it is found that these retention, constipation
are families hypotension increase fluids
bulk in diet if
needed
• Monitor CNS
changes
• Assess respiratory
function test

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 BETA – LACTAM ANTIBODIES

INTRODUCTION
The B- lactam antibodies have a B – lactam rings penicillin’s Cephalosporin, Monobactam and Carbapenems are B-lactam

PENICILLIN
Sir alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 form penicillin nasturtium in 1942 penicillin was available for the therapeutic use
penicillin is now obtained from the fungus penicillin chrysogenum for therapeutic use.

CLASSIFICATION
1. Natural – penicillin g
2. Semisynthetic
 Acid Resistant – Penicillin
 Penicillin Resistant – Methicillin
 Aminopencilins – Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
 Antipseudomonal Penicillin: -
1. Carboxypensillin – Carbencillins
2. Vercidopencillin - Piperacillin

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 Name Of Route/ Dose Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nurses responsibility
Drug action
penicillin G Oral / The rigid cell wall  Respiratory tract  Hypersensitivity CNS- lethargy  Assess patient for previous
IM/IV/0.55 the bacteria infection to penicillin hallucination sensitivity reaction
mv BD/TDS protect the  Scarlet fever  Allergic reaction anxiety penicillin or cephalosporin
bacteria from NSIS  Epilepsy to depression cross sensitivity and
therefore cell wall  pneumonia chloramphenicol Twitching cephalosporin’s common
is essential for the  Skin and soft  Pregnancy coma seizures  Asses the patient for sign
survival of bacteria history of bone GI- nausea on inducing characteristic
tissue infection
peptidoglycan an marrow vomiting of wound urine sputum,
 Prevention of
important suppression diarrhoea, stool
compound of the rheumatic fever abdominal pain,
cell wall which  syphilis glossitis colitis
gives rigidity to cell CV- oliguria,
wall proteinuria
The synthetic of glomerular
this peptidognacin nephritis Renal
required enzyme tubular damage
called transported Hyperkalaemia,
base B-lactam alkalosis, fever
antibiotic inhibit

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 ANTIMALARIAL

INTRODUCTION

Malaria is cause by protozoa of genes plasmodium transmitted through the bite of female anopheles’ mosquito it is a major public health
problem. it is most of 200-500 million cases pf malaria including India. Occur throughout the word of which of malaria.

THE FOUR SEPCIES OF MALARIA PARASITE INCLUDE

1. P-falciparum- causes most severe form malaria with a low moderate fever
2. Plasmodium vivax – causes loss severe form malaria with low moderate fever
3. p-ovule – it is mostly seen in Africa cause middle type similar to p- vivavx but release can occur
4. p –malaria –it is also milder type similar to p- vivax with no exist thoracic cycle

CLASSIFICATION

1. Causal Prophylactics- Primaquine Phyrimethamine

2. Blood schizonticide -chloroquine Mefloquine Halofantrine
3. tissue schizonatacides used to prevent relapse – Primaquine
4. gametocide drug – Primaquine chloroquine

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 NAME OF ROUTE/ MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
DRUG DOSE ACTION
chloroquine Oral /OD Inhibit parasite  Plasmodium Hypersensitivity retinal • Headache • Monitor liver studies
replication vizum Visual field • Seizures Weakling ALT AST
transpiration of DNA  Plasmodium abnormalities and • Acute Axillary bilirubin renal status
to RNA by forming Malaria myopathy Failure before exposure
complex with DNA of  Plasmodium Psoriasis monthly there after
• Hypotension
parasite analgesia vivax porphyria
Anorexia bon creatinine urine
antipyretics anti-
 Plasmodium output specific gravity
inflammatory
selum urinalysis
Chloroquine enter
into parasite and • Assessment status
inhibit the enzyme • Assess for blurring
polymerase after vision difficulty in
that toxic neme focusing
accumulate and • Headache
parasite membrane • dizziness
rapture and depth of
parasite

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 ANTI-BACTERIA

INTRODUCTION
Anti-tubercular – Tuberculosis is chronic granulomata’s disease cause by mycobacterium tuberculosis. in developing countries, it is a by
mycobacteria tuberculosis. it is a major public health problem after the spread of aids the problem has become more complex and tuberculosis
and mycobacterium ovium complex (mal) infection are more common and rapidity progress in this patient.

CLASSIFICATION
• First line drug – Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide
• Second line drug- Ethionamide, Thioacetazone, Para-amino Salicylic
• Tuberculocidal drug-isoniazid rifampicin

• Tubercostatic agent – Ethambutol, Ethionamide

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Name Of Route/Do Pharmacological Action/ Indication Contraindicatio Adverse Effect Nurses Responsibility
Drug se Mechanism Of Action n

Rifampicin IV/QID Rifampicin is rapidly  Pulmonary  Pulmonary  CNS -head  Monitor liver function test
bacterial to TB TB fatigue anxiety  Monitor renal test
Mycobacterium lepra  Meningoco  Diabetes  ENT-Visual  Monitor mental status
and is highly effectively a ccal  Porphyria disturbance  Assess for active TB
single of 15000 mg can carrier  Haemolytic  GI –nausea  Chest x ray
kill 90% of the lepracacilli  leprosy uremic vomiting  Sputum culture
Mechanism of Action syndrome diarrhoea  Blood culture
 Rifampicin binds to  Condition  Obtained PDD test
DNA dependent RNA that affects
polymerase and the kidney
inhibits RNA and the
synthesis blood
 Hypersensitivity to  Decrease
this product or blood
rifampicin active clotting
 Alcoholism
and liver
problem

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 ANTI-THYROID

INTRODUCTION

Thyroxin (T4) and Tri-iodothyronine (T3) are the hormone secreted by thyroid gland the other hormone caleutinin is secreted by the par

follicular cells

Synthesis storage and secretion iodine is taken up by thyroid cells and with the help of certain

CLASSIFICATION

1. Thracian drug –

o Propylthiouracil

o Methimazole

2. Iodine iodides – Radioactive Iodine

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 Name of drug Dose/ Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Adverse effect NURSES REPONSIBILITY
Route

Propylthiouracil 50 Mg Thyroid hormone act on  Preparation  Pregnancy  CNS-  monitor pulse BP

/ Oral specific receptors thyroid of  Breast feeding Drowsiness, temperature
receptors are present in thyroidecto  Hypersensitivit Fever, Headache  check for oedema
the nucleus T3 enter into my y  GI- NAUSEA indicates hypo
cell binds to the receptors  Thyrotoxico  jaundices vomiting thyroiditis
and T3 receptors T3 sis  HEPATITIS- liver  monitor T3 T4 which
complex moves to the
 Hyperthyroi failure are increased check
nucleus where it binds to
dism storm  DEATH serum TSH which is
DNA and regulates protein
synthesis both thyroxine  NEPHRITIS decreased.
 Assess free thyroxine
index which is
increased if dosage is
too low

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 ANTIBIOTICS

INTRODUCTION
Chemotherapy can be defined as the use of chemical in infection disease to destroy. micro- organism without damaging the host tissue.

Pasture and J'Ouvert were the first to identify that microorganism could destroy other micro- organisms enlish the factor of moderate
chemotherapy.

CLASSIFICATION
1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis – Penicillin, cephalosporin.

2. Damage cell membrane – Polymyxins, Nystatin

3. Bind to ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis.

4. Inhibit DNA gyrase

5. Inhibit DNA functions

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 ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM

INTRODUCTION
An antibacterial may have a narrow or broad spectrum of activity.

1. Narrow spectrum
• Penicillin g- effective mainly against gram +ve
• Aminoglycosides-effective mainly against gram-ve

2. Broad spectrum
Tetracycline - chloramphenicol

Broad spectrum antibiotics are also called because in addition to suppression of gram +ve and gram –ve bacteria

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 SULPHONAMIDE

INTRODUCTION

Sulphonamides are first effective antibacterial agent to be used systemically in man. They were introduced by domgk in 1935 and in the
next few years

CLASSIFICATION
1. Short acting – Sulfisoxazole
2. Intermediate – sulfamethoxazole
3. Long acting – Sulfamethoxypyridazine
4. Poorly absorbed - sulfasalazine
5. Topical – Sulfacetamide, Mafenide, silver.

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NAME OF DOSE/ MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
DRUG ROUTE ACTION ON

Silver TDS /oral Silver sulfadiazine  Skin infection  Hypersensitivit Bleeding gums  Monitor any new or
sulfadiazine disrupts bacteria by  Otitis media y cough or increase skin reaction at
damaging the cell  Wound  Burns hoarseness fever the site of application
membrane and the infections  Ulceration with or without including rash burning
cell wall rather than  Otitis media  Pregnancy chills painful or itching pain and necrosis
by inhibiting folic externa  Nursing difficulty  Report any suspicious skin
acid synthesis  major burns mothers urination reaction to the physician
Silver sulfadiazine  Allergies to bruising or  Be alert of sign of
has a wide spectrum sulpha weakness or leukopenia, including fever
of bactericidal yellow skin or sore throat and sings of
activity against both eyes infection
gram positive and
gram negative
organism’s

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 HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES

INTRODUCTION
Millions of women the world uses a hormonal contraceptive thus making them on the mostly widely prescribed drugs when properly

used they are the most effective spacing methods of contraceptives.

CLASSIFICATION
1. Combined hormonal contraceptives

Oral – monophasic, Biphasic

Parental – injection.

2. Progestin – only contraceptives

Oral – Minipill

Parental – IM injection

3. post-coital contraceptives

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 INSULIN

INTRODUCTION
Insulin is a hormone created by pancreas that controls the amount of glucose in blood streams at any given moment. it also helps store
glucose in liver fat and muscle finally, it regulates body metabolism of carbo hydrate fats and protein.

TYPES OF INSULIN
• FAST ACTING INSULIN

a) RAPID ACTING INSULIN ANALOGS: - These take between five and fifteen minutes to have an effects assuming that rapid acting insulin
analog last for hour is a safe general rule
b) REGULAR HUMAN INSULIN: - The inset of regular human insulin is between 30 min and hour its effect on blood sugar last around eight
hours

• INTERMEDIATE ACTING

a) NPH HUMAN INSULIN: - these takes between one and two hours to onset and reaches its peak within 4 to 6 hours and it van last overs
12 hours in some cases
b) PREMISXED INSULIN: -this is a mixture of NPH with a fast acting insulin and its effects are a combination of the intermediate and rapid
acting insulins.
c) LONG ACTING INSULIN: - While long acting insulin is slowly to reach the blood stream and has a relatively low peak, it has a stabilizing
effect on blood sugar that can last for most of the day

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NAME OF PHARMACOLOGICAL DOSE / MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSES RESPOSIBILITY
DRUG ACTION ROUTE ACTION EFFECT

Insulin Decrease blood IV/ 5-10  Hypersensitivity  Type -1  Blurred Fasting blood glucose also
glucose directly units per to promote diabetes vision by inj may be draw into
increase blood hour mine cresol mellitus mouth. identify treatment
pyruvate and lactose  Decrease blood  Type 2  JNIF by effective
glucose by diabetes flushing
transport of mellitus rashes
glucose into  Insulin is  urticarial
cells and the used in strophe
conversion of combination  swelling
glucose to with  rashes.
glycogen sulfonylurea
in children 7
year.

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 LEPROSY

INTRODUCTION

Leprosy caused by mycobacterial leprae is a chronic infection disease effecting skin mucous membrane and nerves does not grow
an artificial.

Drug used in Leprosy

 SULFONES – DAPSONE
 RIFAMPICIN
 CLOFAZIMINE
 ETHIONAMIDE AND PROTIONAMIDE

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 MACROLIDES

INTRODUCTION
Macrolide is class of antibiotics characterized by their large lactone ring structures and by their growth-inhibiting (bacteriostatic) effects
on bacteria. Macrolides are usually administered orally, but they can be given parenterally. These drugs are valuable in
treating pharyngitis and pneumonia caused by streptococcus in persons sensitive to penicillin. They are used in treating pneumonias caused
either by mycoplasma species or by legionella pneumophila (the organism that causes legionnaire disease); they are also used in treating
pharyngeal carriers of corynebacterium diphtheria, the bacillus responsible for diphtheria.

CLASSIFICATION

1. Antibacterial spectrum – erythromycin

2. Miscellaneous
 Antibiotic – Spectinomycin, clindamycin
 Glypopeticle - vancomycin

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DRUG MECHANISM ROUTE INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT Nurses responsibility
NAME OF ACTION

Clindamycin Clindamycin is a Oral/Topical • Anaerobic Clindamycin is • Nausea • Assessment

semisynthetic
infection contraindicate in • Vomiting History taking on
antibiotic of the
group of the • Dental individual with a • Diarrhoea allergies, asthma, etc.
parent compound infection history of • Physical
lincomycin .
• Abdominal pain
• Septic arthritis hypersensitivity to examination
• Hypersensitivity
• Staphylococcal preparations • Blood pressure
reaction
infection containing • systemic
clindamycin administration of
drugs

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 ANESTHESIA
INTRODUCTION

Anaesthesia are agents that bring about responsible loss of sensation they may general and local anaesthesia.

CLASSIFICATION

1. Inhalation
 Gases – nitrous oxide
 Liquids – ether
2. Intravenous
• Inducing agent – Thiopentone Sodium
• Dissociative anaesthesia retamine
• Neutrolephanalgesia – fentanyl droperidol

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 DRUG MECHANISM OF DOSE/ROUTE NDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECT NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
NAME ACTION
Diazepam Potentialities The BD/ IM/IV • Anxiety • Pregnancy • CNS – • Assess The Degree of
Action Of ABC • Acute Alcohol • Hypersensitivity DIZZINESS Anxiety What
Especially Limbic Withdrawal • Closed Angle • CONFUSION Precipitation Anxiety
System Reticular • Adjuvant In Glaucoma • HEADACHE Dilate
Formation Enhance Pre Seizures Disorder • ANXIETY • Monitor for adverse
– Sympathetic Inhibitor • FATIGUE reactions
• Observe patient
closely and monitor
vital signs when
diazepam is given
parenterally
• Do not breast feed
while taking this drug
without consulting
physician.

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SUMMARY
Drug book is all about the study of drug book consist of different drug which are used in different disease condition drug book consist of
information which include classification of drug. it also consists of information like mechanisms of action, adverse effect, indication,
contraindication, nurse’s responsibility.

CONCLUSION
Drug book is important to know the action side effect, mechanism of action, indication, contraindication etc. Drug book is beneficial to know
about its classification.

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