VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Types of Volcanoes and and Volcanic Eruptions

MOUNTAIN AND VOLCANO

Parts of Volcano

Most Essential Learning Competency 1:

Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic erruption (S9ES-IIIa-26)

Specific Task:

Differentiate a mountain from a volcano.

Did you know that...

Most of the active volcanoes in the world are in the countries that lie along the PACIFIC RING OF FIRE.
This area has frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

What is a mountain?

A natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly to a summit, and attaining an altitude usually
greater than 2,000 feet (610 meters)

Mt. Pulag (Benguet) Mt. Ulap (Itogon, Benguet) Mt. Arayat (Pampanga)

What is a volcano?
  It is an elevated landform with an opening at the topmost called crater, from where lava and
other rock fragments, gases, steam, ash, heat and other volcanic material are expelled.
 It is typically a coned shaped hill or mountain formed by the extrusion of lava or ejection of rock
fragments from a vent.
 It is derived from the Roman God of Fire, VULCAN
 The study of volcanoes is called VOLCANOLOGY

Taal Volcano Mount Pinatubo Kanlaon Volcano

FAMOUS VOLCANOES IN THE PHILS.

 Mayon Volcano
 Taal Volcano
 Kanlaon Volcano
 Bulusan Volcano
 Smith Volcano
 Hibok-Hibok Volcano
 Pinatubo Volcano
 Musan Volcano

Parts of a Volcano
1. Summit - it is the highest point of a volcano

2. Slopes or Flanks - are the sides of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent.

3. Base - it is the lowest part, bottom, or supporting layer.

 Magma Chamber - is like a storage compartment for magma.

 Conduit - a vertical tube which sometimes called "pipe" that connects the magma chamber to
the vent of the volcano.
 Throat - Entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash.
 Vent - An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape.
 Crater - Mouth of a volcano - surrounds a volcanic vent.
 Lava - Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools.
 Ash - Fragments of lava or rock smaller than 2 mm in size that are blasted into the air by volcanic
explosions.
 Ash Cloud - A cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions.
 Pyroclastic material - another name for a cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air,
and vapor.
 Magma-semi-molten rock underneath a volcano.

TYPES OF VOLCANO

Based on Structure and Activity

Most Essential Learning Competency 1:

Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption (S9ES-IIIa-26)

Specific Tasks:

1. Describe the types of volcanoes based on structure and activity.

2. Differentiate between active and inactive volcanoes and give examples of each type which are found
in the Philippines.
Types of Volcano Based on Structure

Note: Structure refers to the shape of the cone of the volcano.

Shield Volcano

Shape: a broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides.

Materials: Lava flows from vent, spreading across the wide structure; and usually has side vents

- The lava does not shoot up high, but instead, the lava just drifts down the side of its crater.

- Are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano.

Mauna Loa (Hawaii) Mauna Kea (Hawaii)

Cinder Cone Volcano

Shape: Conical shape, very steep

Materials: Volcanic ash (Cinder) which adds on to the size of a volcano. Nearby soil becomes very gentle.

- They have a steep slope, wide crater and are the most abundant of the three major volcano types.
- The volcanic explosions of cinder cones are short-lived and look like a spectacular fountain show of
fiery lava ejected high in the air.

Mt. Paricutin (Mexico) Smith Volcano (Cagayan)

Composite Volcano

Stratovolcano

Shape: Tallest among the three types of volcanoes

Materials: Combination of lava and volcanic ash, making the combination very sticky

- Are large, nearly perfect sloped structures formed from alternate solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits.

- Stratovolcanoes are the most dangerous volcanoes.

- When they erupt, an area of the summit may collapse that may form a larger crater.

- Most volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire are stratovolcanoes.

Mayon Volcano (Albay) Mt. St. Helens (Washington)

Types of Volcano Based on Activity

Note: Volcanic activity refers on the record of eruptions.

ACTIVE VOLCANO

INACTIVE VOLCANO
EXTINCT VOLCANO

PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology) is the Philippine national institution
dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as
other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in
support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development.

According to PHIVOLCS, our country has more than a hundred volcanoes as of 2013.

Active Volcanoes

- Are those volcanoes that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10,000
years ago based on analyses of their materials.

- There are 23 active volcanoes in the Philippines.

Did you know that...

Indonesia has the highest number of active volcanoes in the world,

followed by Chile, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Ethiopia, Philippines.

Famous Volcanoes in the Philippines

1. MAYON VOLCANO in Albay is most active volcano in the Philippines. It has 50 historical eruptions

2. TAAL VOLCANO in Batangas has 33 historical eruptions (January 12, 2020)

3. KANLAON VOLCANO in Negros Island has 26 historical eruptions

4. BULUSAN VOLCANO in Sorsogon has 17 historical eruptions

5. SMITH VOLCANO in Cagayan has 6 historical eruptions

6. HIBOK-HIBOK VOLCANO in Camiguin has 5 historical eruptions

7. PINATUBO VOLCANO in Zambales has 3 historical eruptions

8. MUSUAN VOLCANO in Bukidnon has 2 historical eruptions

Mauna Loa (Hawaii) Note: The largest active volcano in the world.

Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) Note: The most active volcano in the world.

Inactive Volcanoes
- Are those that have not erupted for the last 10,000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents
of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies.

- However, these volcanoes have potential to erupt.

- They are referred also as DORMANT or POTENTIALLY ACTIVE.

- Mt. Tagapo (Rizal), Mt. Apo (Mindanao), and Mt. Catmon (Lanao del Norte) are the examples of Inactive
Volcanoes in the Philippines.

Mt. Apo (Davao) Note: The largest volcano in the Philippines.

Mauna Kea (Hawaii) Note: The tallest volcano in the world.

Extinct Volcanoes

- Are those volcanoes that haven't erupted for tens of thousands of years and aren't expected to erupt again.

- A volcano that have NO magma supply and NO record of eruption.

- Mt. Butay (Camiguin Island), and Mt. Talomo (Mindanao) are considered as Extinct Volcanoes.