Volcano

- What is a volcano?
A volcano is a geological formation on the Earth's surface that results from the accumulation and
eruption of magma and volcanic ash. It is essentially a vent or opening in the Earth's crust through which
molten rock, ash, and gases are expelled. Volcanoes can be found all over the world, and they come in a
variety of shapes and sizes. Some volcanoes are cone-shaped, while others are shield-shaped or fissure
vents. Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct, and they can have a significant impact on the
environment and the surrounding communities. Volcanic eruptions can cause earthquakes, tsunamis,
and ashfall, which can have devastating effects on the environment and the people living nearby.

-What are the components / things inside a volcano? The following

are the components or things found inside a volcano:

 Magma chamber: This is a large underground pool of molten rock that feeds the volcano.
 Conduit: A conduit is a channel or pipe that connects the magma chamber to the surface of the
volcano. This is the path through which molten rock and volcanic gases travel during an eruption.
 Vent: This is the opening at the surface of the volcano through which magma, ash, and gases are
expelled during an eruption.
 Crater: The crater is a bowl-shaped depression at the top of the volcano that is formed by the
collapse of the volcano's summit during an eruption.
 Fumaroles: These are vents or openings in the volcano that emit steam and other gases.
 Pyroclastic flow: A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving, superheated cloud of gas and volcanic
material that flows down the side of the volcano during an eruption.
 Lava flow: This is the molten rock that flows out of the volcano during an eruption.
 Ash cloud: This is a cloud of ash and dust that is expelled from the volcano during an eruption
and can travel for long distances.
 Tephra: Tephra refers to the volcanic material that is ejected from the volcano during an
eruption, including ash, rock fragments, and pumice.

- Types There are three main types of volcanoes:

Shield Volcanoes: These are broad, gently sloping volcanoes that are built up over time by many layers of
hardened lava flows. Shield volcanoes are typically not very explosive and are often found in areas where
there is a lot of volcanic activity, such as Hawaii.

Cinder Cone Volcanoes: These are small, steep-sided volcanoes that are made up of loose, cinder-like
volcanic rock fragments. They are usually formed by short-lived eruptions that eject volcanic ash and
cinders into the air, which then fall back to the ground to form the cone-shaped volcano.

Composite or Stratovolcanoes: These are large, steep-sided volcanoes that are made up of alternating
layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, and other volcanic debris. They are the most explosive of the three
types of volcanoes and are capable of producing explosive eruptions that can be very destructive. Some
well-known stratovolcanoes include Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount St. Helens in the United States, and
Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.f Volcanoes

- Definition of Active and Inactive Volcanoes (Give examples)

Active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted recently or are expected to erupt in the near future.
They are currently showing signs of volcanic activity such as increased seismic activity, gas emissions, or
changes in the shape of the volcano. Active volcanoes are considered to be dangerous and can pose a
significant threat to nearby communities

Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are volcanoes that are not currently erupting and are not
expected to erupt in the future. They may have erupted in the past, but they are currently dormant and
show no signs of volcanic activity. Inactive volcanoes are often used for tourism and can be a popular
attraction for visitors.

The Philippines is home to a number of active volcanoes due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Some examples of active volcanoes in the Philippines are:

Mayon Volcano in Albay

Taal Volcano in Batangas

Mount Kanlaon in Negros Island

Mount Bulusan in Sorsogon

Mount Hibok-Hibok in Camiguin Island

Mount Pinatubo in Zambales

Mount Apo in Mindanao

Mount Banahaw in Quezon and Laguna

Some examples of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines are:

Mount Banahaw in Quezon and Laguna

Mount Isarog in Camarines Sur

Mount Makiling in Laguna and Batangas

Mount Matutum in South Cotabato

Mount Malindig in Marinduque

Mount Cagua in Cagayan

Mount Balatukan in Misamis Oriental

- Recent volcanic eruptions in the world and in Ph (pls include Yung sa Mayon last year ata yon)

Here are some recent volcanic eruptions that have occurred in the world and in the Philippines:

World:

La Soufrière, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Erupted on April 9, 2021, and is still ongoing as of May
2021.

Fagradalsfjall, Iceland - Erupted on March 19, 2021, and is still ongoing as of May 2021.

Mount Etna, Italy - Erupted on February 16, 2021, and is still ongoing as of May 2021.

Mount Sinabung, Indonesia - Erupted on March 2, 2021, and is still ongoing as of May 2021.

Philippines:

Taal Volcano - Erupted on January 12, 2020, and again on July 1, 2021.

Mayon Volcano - Erupted on January 13, 2018.

Mount Bulusan - Erupted on June 10, 2021.

Kanlaon Volcano - Erupted on December 27, 2020.

Mount Pinatubo - Erupted on June 15, 1991, one of the most destructive eruptions in the Philippines'
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