Introduction

In Mathematics, Differentiation can be defined as a derivative of a function with respect to an

independent variable. Differentiation, in calculus, can be applied to measure the function per unit
change in the independent variable.

Let y = f(x) be a function of x. Then, the rate of change of “y” per unit change in “x” is given by:

dy / dx

Oigin
Modern calculus was developed in Europe in the 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz (published separately, but at the same time), but elements of it appeared in
ancient Greece, then China, then the Middle East, and again in medieval Europe and India.

Some notations were introduced in ancient times that led to the calculus discussed in collective
discussion and integration methods. Determining volume and area is a goal of integral calculus,
found in the Egyptian Muscovy Papyrus (13th Dynasty, c.-1820 BCE); However, there are only
general instructions, no content about procedures, and the main elements of this topic.[5]

The Greek mathematician Eudas (c. 408–355 BC) used the finite method, which predates the
concept of limits in determining area and volume. Archimedes (c. 287–212 BC) expanded this
notion of heuristic fire, which is visible with the method of integral calculus.[6]

Later in the Chinese Liu Hui series of three materials, the permanent phase for the area product
of the circle is no.

In the Middle East Hasan ibn al-Haytham, in Latin al-Hayzen (c. 965 – c. 1040) formulated the
formula for the sum of functions to the fourth power. He used this sum to calculate the area of
the paraboloid, now known as the integral of the function.
In the fourteenth century Indian mathematicians gave a precise method like intercalation
applied to some trigonometric functions. Sangamgramar Madhav and the Kerala School of
Astronomy and Mathematics describe the content of calculus. A complete theory containing
this content is now known in the Western world as Taylor's theory. However, they "failed to
show the connection between the two, bringing separate concepts under internalization and
integration and making calculus a major problem-solving tool today".[10]

Calculus is used in physical sciences, actuarial science, computer science, statistics, engineering,
economics, business, medical science, demography, and other fields, where a problem can be
mathematically modeled and an optimal solution is required. Calculus can be used to determine
rate of change from rate of change and vice versa from rate of change, and often in solving
problems one is given and the other is determined.

Calculus has special uses in physics; All concepts of classical mechanics and electromagnetism
are related through calculus

Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism and Einstein's theory of general relativity are also
expressed in the language of calculus. Calculus is also used in chemistry to determine reaction
rates and radioactive decay

In medical science, calculus can be used to find the optimal branching angle of a blood vessel to
maximize blood flow. Calculus is used to derive dosing laws using decay formulas for the
elimination of a particular drug from the body. In nuclear medicine it is used to model radiation
transport in targeted tumor therapy.

Maximizing profit can be easily determined by calculating marginal cost and marginal revenue
using calculus in economics.
Calculus is also used to find approximate solutions to equations; In fact, this is the standard way
to solve endogenous equations and find square roots in most applications