READINGS IN

PHIL.
HISTORY
BY:
JOSHUA LIANN ESCALANTE
HE WHO CONTROLS THE PAST,
CONTROLS THE FUTURE;
HE WHO CONTROLS THE
PRESENT CONTROLS THE PAST
HISTORICAL
REVISIONISM
HISTORICAL DEFINITION

REVISIONISM
HISTORICAL DEFINITION

REVISIONISM
In historiography, historical revisionism is the reinterpretation of a
historical account/document.

It usually involves challenging the orthodox (established, accepted or

traditional) views held by professional scholars about a historical
event or timespan or phenomenon, introducing contrary evidence, or
reinterpreting the motivations In dramatic cases, revisionism
involves a reversal of older moral judgments.
IS HISTORICAL
REVISIONISM
GOOD OR BAD?
HISTORICAL
DENIALISM
HISTORICAL DEFINITION

DENIALISM

Historical negationism, also called denialism, is falsification or

distortion of the historical record. It should not be conflated with
historical revisionism, a broader term that extends to newly
evidenced, fairly reasoned academic reinterpretations of history.
HISTORICAL DEFINITION

DENIALISM
In attempting to revise the past, illegitimate historical revisionism
may use techniques inadmissible in proper historical discourse, such
as presenting known forged documents as genuine, inventing
ingenious but implausible reasons for distrusting genuine
documents, attributing conclusions to books and sources that report
the opposite, manipulating statistical series to support the given
point of view, and deliberately mistranslating texts.
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DENIALISM
Holocaust denial is a form of genocide denial
HOLOCAUST drawing on antisemitic conspiracy theories that
DENIAL asserts that the Nazi genocide of Jews, known as the
Holocaust, is a myth, fabrication, or exaggeration.

W Most Holocaust deniers want to wash away the stain of Nazism

H
in an attempt to make Nazism an acceptable political
alternative today. Many have present and past ties with hate

Y
groups and are trying to shed that image by masquerading
themselves as seekers of historical truth, rather than
merchants of bigotry. Holocaust denial is an important tool for

? anti-Semites.
 HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DENIALISM
It involves controversial content in
JAPANESE HISTORY government-approved history
textbooks used in the secondary
TEXTBOOK CONTROVERSIES education (junior high schools and
high schools) of Japan.
The controversies primarily concern the nationalist right efforts to whitewash
the actions of the Empire of Japan during World War II.

WHITE
WASHING
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DENIALISM

JAPANESE HISTORY
TEXTBOOK CONTROVERSIES

WHITE
WASHING
 HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DENIALISM
It involves controversial content in
JAPANESE HISTORY government-approved history
textbooks used in the secondary
TEXTBOOK CONTROVERSIES education (junior high schools and
high schools) of Japan.
The controversies primarily concern the nationalist right efforts to whitewash
the actions of the Empire of Japan during World War II.

WHITE This pertains to the act of intentionally hiding or

covering up vices, crimes, or scandals by means of
WASHING biased investigation.
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DENIALISM
Another serious issue is the constitutionality
of the governmentally-approved textbook
JAPANESE depictions of World War II, Japanese war
crimes, and Japanese imperialism during the
HISTORY
first half of the 20th century. The history
TEXTBOOK textbook controversies have been an issue of
CONTROVERSIES deep concern both domestically and
internationally, particularly in countries that
were victims of Imperial Japan during the war.
HISTORICAL
DISTORTION
HISTORICAL DEFINITION

DISTORTION

According to Cristobal (2019), historical distortion occurs when

historical accounts or narratives are changed to suit a personal agenda.
It involves disinformation and lies to change history.
HISTORICAL DEFINITION

DISTORTION
Altering history by teaching manipulated stories, facts, and data is a
means of promoting specific ideologies and agendas. This can be
achieved by creating events that did not happen, altering events that
did happen, or omitting events altogether. Over time, knowledge of the
truth will die with those who lived or witnessed it, and the alternate
version will be universally accepted as true.
HISTORICAL HOW IT WORKS

DISTORTION
Distorting history is an effective method of erasing events from the
minds of the population, of glorifying events and people in support of
state ideals, and vilifying events and people in conflict with state
ideals. Presenting history in a way that supports the agenda of the
state, and reinforcing it through the public education system and the
media can be used to control the perceptions of the populace in ways
that prevent dissent and promote nationalism.
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION

Indian history is distorted to the level that their

INDIA textbooks in schools call people like Tipu Sultan who
openly massacred Hindus the 'First Freedom Fighter'

Indian textbooks also overexaggerate certain

"heroes" as if making them superhuman.
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION
History books in India also glorify and romanticize
INDIA their invaders such as for the case of the Brits.

"India is the only major civilizational country where you are

systematically taught to hate your heritage and glorify the
invaders who came to destroy it. And this ( absurdity ) is called
"secularism".
Tareh Fatah (Pakistani-Canadian journalist)
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION
"The Philippines was rich when the peso-dollar
PHILIPPINES exchange was 2:1, in 1950-1960's"
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION
"The Philippines was rich when the peso-dollar
PHILIPPINES exchange was 2:1, in 1950-1960's"

This was not the case, Filipino exporters were

disincentivized. The Philippines became import-
dependent due to the cheaper imported products.
With this, the Philippines was unable to develop an
export industry, going against the misconception.
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION
The Super Typhoon Yolanda Disaster on November 8,
PHILIPPINES 2013
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION
The Super Typhoon Yolanda Disaster on November 8,
PHILIPPINES 2013

The past administration covered up what happened during the

Haiyan/Yolanda disaster. The incompetence and disastrous
response from the government was shown through the massive
failures in rescue, relief, recovery and rehabilitation efforts that
persisted in the next 2 years after the incident.
HISTORICAL EXAMPLE

DISTORTION
The Exaggeration of the Marcos administration's
PHILIPPINES achievements as well as the claiming of false
projects.

Although there were some that were true, claims such as the Bangui
Windmill Farm in Ilocos Norte being one of Marcos' projects where
in fact it was in fact a project by the NorthWind Power
Development Corp. and received funding from the World Bank.
 "There were not that many Human Rights
MARTIAL LAW Violations during the Ferdinand Marcos's
Martial Law in the Philippines."
HISTORICAL
DENIALISM

"There were not that many Human Rights

MARTIAL LAW Violations during the Ferdinand Marcos's
Martial Law in the Philippines."

The denial, belittling or justification of Martial Law abuses

based on anti-communism, real or perceived can be considered
as a form of historical denialism.
HISTORICAL
DENIALISM
MARTIAL LAW
HISTORICAL
DISTORTION
MARTIAL LAW
IS HISTORICAL
REVISIONISM
GOOD OR BAD?
IS HISTORICAL
REVISIONISM
GOOD OR BAD?
The ideal of historical revisionism is to find the truth in a past
occurrence, complete historical panoramas, and enrich the way we
view the events that have shaped our current reality. As long as the
historiographic objective is to know and interpret history better, it can
be a valuable epistemic tool.
WHY IS IT
IMPORTANT TO
REMEMBER HISTORY?
WHY IS TSISMIS MORE
ATTRACTIVE TO
FILIPINOS THAN
HISTORY?
 REVISIONISM

H
Is intended to clarify, and further improve
our understanding of our past using new
found data that supports or contradicts
previous records.

HISTORICAL

DENIALISM / NEGATIONISM
Is denying/negating certain parts in history.
Mostly pertains to the whitewashing of
certain historical events.
H
DISTORTION

HISTORICAL Is intended to distort or change parts

in history with an agenda. This could
be to serve the agenda of a political
figure or even an entire country.
HISTORY PLAYS AN IMPORTANT
ROLE IN: ISOLATION OF PEOPLE,
IN SEGREGATION OF PEOPLE &
IN TARGETTING OF PEOPLE
READINGS IN
PHIL.
HISTORY
BY:
JOSHUA LIANN ESCALANTE
M
MARTIAL LAW
Martial law involves the temporary substitution of
military authority for civilian rule and is usually
invoked in time of war, rebellion, or natural
disaster. When martial law is in effect, the
military commander of an area or country has
unlimited authority to make and enforce laws.