Chapter 04

Baseband communication:
In telecommunications, baseband is the range of frequencies occupied by
a signal that has not been modulated to higher frequencies.[1] Baseband
signals typically originate from transducers, converting some other variable
into an electrical signal.
For example:
The output of a microphone is a baseband signal that is an analog of the
received audio. In conventional analog radio broadcasting the baseband
audio signal is used, after processing, to modulate a separate RF carrier
signal at a much higher frequency.
A baseband signal may have frequency components going all the way
down to DC, or at least it will have a high ratio bandwidth.
A modulated baseband signal is called a passband signal, which
occupies a higher range of frequencies and has a much lower ratio
and fractional.

Carrier Communication:
In telecommunications, a carrier wave, carrier signal, or just carrier, is a
waveform (usually sinusoidal) that is modulated (modified) with an
information-bearing signal for the purpose of conveying information. This
carrier wave usually has a much higher frequency than the input signal
does.

Amplitude Modulation:
Amplitude modulation is a process by which the wave signal is transmitted
by modulating the amplitude of the signal. It is often called AM and is
commonly used in transmitting a piece of information through a radio
carrier wave. Amplitude modulation is mostly used in the form of electronic
communication.

Angle Modulation:
Angle modulation is a class of carrier modulation that is used in
telecommunications transmission systems. The class comprises frequency
modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), and is based on altering the
frequency or the phase, respectively, of a carrier signal to encode the
message signal.
s1 (t) = m(t) cos 2nfct s1 (t) = m(t) cos 2nfct s1 (t) = m(t) cos 2nfct s1 (t) = m(t) cos 2nfct

s1 (t) = m(t) cos 2pi fct

Amplitude A (t) linearly varies with m(t) amplitude modulation

Frequency linearly varies with m(t) frequency modulation
Phase ¢ (t) linearly varies with m(t) phase modulation

Frequency Modulation:
Frequency Modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave
by changing the instantaneous frequency of the wave. FM technology is
widely used in the fields of computing, telecommunications, and signal
processing.

Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning communication signals for
transmission. It encodes a message signal as variations in the instantaneous phase of a
carrier wave. Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation, together
with frequency modulation.

Phase modulation:
Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning
communication signals for transmission. It encodes a message signal as
variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. Phase modulation
is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation, together with
frequency modulation.