MHF4U Advanced Functions Solving Trigonometric Equations and Identities
6.3 Trigonometric Identities
Definition (Identity): An identity is where an equation is always true for all values. This means
that if you substitute the same value on the left and an
ride side of the equation, the two sides will
produce the _______________
Same value Fight
Are all Equations an Identity?
An equation is not necessary an identity. For something to be an equation, it must simply include
an equal sign. The statement 5𝑥 + 9 = 2𝑥 is an example of an equation, but it is not an identity. This is
because the two sides are equal only when 𝑥 = −3. An identity is true if the two sides are equal no matter
what value you substitute.
Let’s substitute 𝑥 = −3 into both sides of the equation 5𝑥 + 9 = 2𝑥
LS: 5(−3) + 9 RS: 2(−3)
= −15 + 9 = −6
= −6
Both sides equal to −6 when we substitute 𝑥 = −3. However other values don’t work. If we use other
values such 𝑥 = 1. The left side does not equal to the right side as shown below
LS: 5(1) + 9 RS: 2(1)
= 14 =2
Quotient Identities Reciprocal Identities Pythagorean Identities
5¥
tan 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 =
긃 sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 그
soso.co#
긃
tarixtls.no
2
cot 𝜃 = sec 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 =
ㅗ
tan 𝜃 = csc2 𝑥 = Hate
at O
The Goal of Solving Trigonometric Identities
While working encountering trigonometric equations, it may not be obvious at first glance that
whether the equation is an identity. For example, the following below is an identity
1 − sin 𝑥 cos 3𝑥
=
sec 𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥
God body
The _____________ of solving trigonometric identities is to ______________________ manipulate _____
Age
until both sides are __________________. (they Look identity)
both sides
are or ________
que
MHF4U Advanced Functions Solving Trigonometric Equations and Identities
Proper Form and Communication While Solving Identities
• While working on identities you CAN NOT set an equal sign between the two mathematical
expressions. In doing so you are stating that they are equal thus defeating the purpose of showing
that they are equal
• To indicate which side you are working on, write “LS =” or “RS =”
• You may work on both sides
• When you get both sides to match up, write “LS = RS”
General Guidelines
Guidelines are to help you if you get stuck or provide you a nudge in a possible direction.
1. Convert everything to ____________________
She and ____________________.
Come
degree cost
2. For quadratic trigonometric expressions (trig terms with 2 or higher i.e., sin2 𝑥)
Tan"
a. 2 2
Use Pythagorean identity, cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 1, and its variations at x
sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos2 𝑥
cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥
It is common practice to replace the 1 with the cos2 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 or vice versa
b. Factor - difference of squares, special square trinomials, and common factoring
(athfit2ab.tt
squaetinomialdi.ca cos2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ + sin2 θ = (cos θ + sin θ)2 Special
sin2 θ − tan2 θ = (sin θ + tan θ)(sin θ − tan θ)
dfe aceotsquaoest n rusedj enoefsqua.es
Death)
3. Get everything that doesn’t appear and keep what appears on the other side of the equation
Example. 1 + sin2 𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 + 2 sin2 𝑥
Do not get rid of sin2 𝑥 because it appears on both sides. We can either rid of the 1 on the left
side OR the cos2 𝑥 on the right, but not sin2 𝑥 because it appears on both sides of the equation.
4. If one side looks like the other but flipped over, multiply by the conjugate
Example. sin 𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥
=
1 − cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
1+cos 𝑥
If we start on the left side, we multiply by the conjugate 1+cos 𝑥
i.e,
sin 𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥
×
1 − cos 𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥
MHF4U Advanced Functions Solving Trigonometric Equations and Identities
Prove the following identities
1 + sec 𝑥
a) cos2 𝑥 + 1 = 2 cos2 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 b) = csc 𝑥
tan 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
네 RS = 2ccst Sin" 1 + t
LS.co (Sex
-
迎 R.se
sina.LU
L.SE
tcossctsir.sc
= ( 053C
S쯚 +
Sin =
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邕美蒸in
는
R.SL.s.RS
LS =
灐貳
>
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msn.jo#=
=
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"
滋一
c) sin2 𝛽 + 2 cos 𝛽 − 1
2
sin 𝛽 + 3 cos 𝛽 − 3
=
1
1 − sec 𝛽 smxtslhXCOSX-coosec.pt d) (sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥)2 =
1 − sin 𝑥
1 + sin 𝑥
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tan x) (Sea -
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MHF4U Advanced Functions Solving Trigonometric Equations and Identities
A2 5-
tan 𝛼 sec 𝛼 + 1
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=
= -
sec 𝛼 − 1 tan 𝛼
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g) sin(5𝑥) = sin 𝑥 (cos2 2𝑥 − sin2 2𝑥) + 2 cos 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 h) 1
= cos 2𝛼
1 + tan 𝛼 tan 2𝛼
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2 05 22 t.SE.RS
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