Basics of Internet

CONTENTS

MENTOR Sarfraz Malik

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Internet: What is internet?

Basics of Internet Internet:

The internet is a global network of interconnected
computers and servers that allows devices to
communicate with each other and access information
and services.

What internet is made-up of?

The internet is made up of a series of networks that are
connected by various technologies, such as cables,
satellite, and wireless connections.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Internet vs Intranet

Basics of Internet Internet:

The internet is a global network of networks that
allows people to communicate and access information
from all over the world.

Intranet:
An intranet is a private network that is only accessible
to a specific group of people, such as an organization
or company. It is used to share information and
resources within that group.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Intranet vs Extranet

Basics of Internet Intranet:

An intranet is a private network that is only accessible
to a specific group of people, such as an organization
or company. It is used to share information and
resources within that group.

Extranet:
Just like intranet, extranet is a private network that
allows secure communication and access to authorized
external parties. It is typically used to share
information or resources with partners, customers, or
other groups outside a company's internal network.
Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik
 INTERNET

Basics of Internet How do we connect to internet? DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

is a type of broadband
There are various ways to connect to internet connection that
the internet, including broadband (such uses telephone lines to
transmit data at high speeds.
as DSL or cable), mobile data (through a
cellular network), and satellite.
How to access information over the internet?
To access information and services on the internet, you
need a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, or Safari) and an internet connection.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Who invented the internet?

Basics of Internet The World Wide Web (WWW) was developed by Tim
Berners-Lee at CERN (the European Organization for
Nuclear Research) in 1990.

It uses hypertext to
markup text documents
so they can be searched
and displayed by other
users on the internet.

Photo: Mr. Tim Berners-Lee

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 WorldWideWeb
(First Web Browser)
Developed by
Basics of Internet Tim Berners-Lee
World’s first web
browser.

Photo: Mr. Tim Berners-Lee

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Basics of Internet • It is an international organization that develops and

maintains standards for the World Wide Web.
• It was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the
inventor of the World Wide Web.
• It is headquartered in Massachusetts, United States.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

Basics of Internet A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is like an address for a

specific page or file on the Internet.
Just like how you need an address to find a house or a
store, you need a URL to find a specific page or file on the
Internet.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Structure of URL

Basics of Internet …

https://shop.studyriver.com/css-books/science-book/

Sub File
Sub- Domain Top-level Name/Slug/Arti
Protocol Directory/
Domain name Domain cle Permalink
Category

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Domain Name vs URL

Basics of Internet Domain Name:

A domain name is the address of a website that is used to
identify the location of a website on the internet. It is the
string of characters that is typed into a web browser's
address bar to access a website.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator):

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the complete
address of a web page or file on the internet. It includes
the domain name, as well as additional information
about the location of the file or page on the server.
Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik
 IP (Internet Protocol)

Basics of Internet IP: IP Stands for Internet Protocol.

IP is referred as person’s identity over the internet.
Example of an IP Address: 192.168.10.1
Current IP Version (IPv4)
Upcoming IP Version (IPv6)

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is
Basics of Internet the standard communication protocol used for
transmitting data over the Internet and other computer
networks.
• It is a set of rules that define how computers
communicate with each other and exchange
information.
• Without TCP/IP, it would be difficult for devices on
different networks to communicate with each other,
and the Internet as we know it would not exist

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Other Protocols: Telnet | FTP

Basics of Internet TELNET:

TELNET (Teletype Network) is a network protocol that
allows a user to remotely access and control another
computer or device over a network.

FTP:
File Transfer Protocol allows us to transfer files between
two different computers on the Internet.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Other Protocols: HTTP | HTTPS

Basics of Internet HTTP:

HTTP Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP is
a protocol for fetching resources such as HTML documents
(web pages).

HTTPS:
HTTPS is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). It is used for secure/encrypted
communication over a computer network, and is widely
used on the Internet.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik

 Other Protocols: SMTP

Basics of Internet
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
It is a protocol that is used to send email messages
between servers.
When you send an email, your computer connects to your
email server and sends the message to the server using
SMTP. The server then uses SMTP to forward the message
to the recipient's email server.

Computer Notes by Sarfraz Malik