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TFI3I3– Pemodelan Simulasi

SISTEM

DDW, LTD

Teknik Fisika – Fakultas Teknik Elektro

MATERI PEMBELAJARAN
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KOMPONEN DAN SIFAT SISTEM

PARAMETER DAN VARIABEL SISTEM

 CAPAIAN PEMBELAJARAN
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Mampu mengidentifikasi jenis, komponen, dan variabel Sistem (CLO 1)

• Mahasiswa mampu mengidentifikasi komponen sistem
• Mahasiswa mampu menentukan parameter dan variabel sistem
 Apa itu sistem ? 4

System is a part of some potential reality where we are concerned with space-time effects and
casual relationships among parts of the system.

System: A collection of entities (people, parts, messages, machines, servers, …) that act and interact
together toward some end.
(Schmidt and Taylor, 1970)

A system is a set of objects or elements that interact to achieve a specific goal .

Systems are arranged hierarchically, so every system is a super system for systems contained within
it and a subsystem for systems containing it.

System is more than the sum of it's parts; its properties emerge from the relationship among its parts
and from the system's relationship to its environment.

All systems are more or less similar.

 Bagaimana mendefinisikan sistem ?
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Defining a system requires setting boundaries separates system from

rest of the universe makes the system a closed world
 Apa yang dilakukan sistem ?
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The function of a system is to convert information, energy, or

materials into a planned outcome or product for use within the
system, outside the system or both.
Apa itu Hirarki Sistem 7

dan Sub-Sistem ?
 Tipe-tipe Sistem 8

Open Systems Closed Systems

Open systems interact with their
environment, have dynamic
interaction of components, and
can be self-regulating.
Closed systems have fixed
relationships among system
components and no interaction with
the environment. Not really of
concern to IT.
 Tipe-tipe Sistem 9

Human organizations are open systems; boundaries are permeable, continually engage in
importing, transforming, and exporting matter, energy, information, and people; Human
organizations are at the high end of the complexity scale due to these characteristics.
 Klasifikasi Sistem 10

Jangka Waktu

• Diskrit
• Kontinyu
• Hybrid
 Klasifikasi Sistem 11

Kompleksitas

• Physical
• Conceptual
• Esoteric
Klasifikasi Sistem 12
 Kompleksitas Sistem 13

• Jumlah komponen yang terkoneksi

• Tipe/sifat komponen
• Jumlah interaksi
• Kekuatan interaksi
• Tipe/sifat interaksi
a. Statik atau dinamik
b. Searah atau dua arah
c. Interaksi terbatas atau tanpa batas
 Apa komponen dasar 14

dari suatu sistem ?

• Goal
• Environment
• Control
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Feedback
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SIFAT SISTEM

• Equifinality
• Balance
• Change and adaptability
• Non-summative
• Interdependence and independence
• Boundary and environment
• Interface
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SIFAT SISTEM

Equifinality
The principle by which a
system can get to the same
end (or goal) from various
routes.
That is the same inputs can
result in the same outputs
by different processes.
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SIFAT SISTEM

Balance
A system must maintain
balance or homeostasis if it is
to survive.
In order to avoid entropy (the
fate of a closed system) the
system must engage in
regulation and control as well
as the management of its
position in the super-system.
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SIFAT SISTEM

Change and Adaptability

In order to survive in a changing environment, the
system must be adaptable.
3 types of structural change that a system goes through:
1. PROGRESSIVE SEGREGATION is moving toward less interdependence.
2. PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIZATION is moving toward more interdependence.
3. PROGRESSIVE (DE)CENTRALIZATION is when one subsystem becomes more
important to the system.
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SIFAT SISTEM

Non-summative
Non-summative is the assertion that the system is a separate
entity which is greater than the mere sum of its parts.

“Design is not just what it looks like and feels

like. Design is how it works.” –Steve Jobs
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SIFAT SISTEM

Interdependence and independence

INTERDEPENDENCE
That is, a change in one part
of the system will result in a
change in another part of the
system (propagation of
change).
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SIFAT SISTEM

Interdependence and independence

INDEPENDENCE
Independence is where a particular part of
the system has some responsibility for some
functionally related activity.
Ideally system components should be
independent with respect to each other,
while being highly interdependent internally.
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SIFAT SISTEM

Boundary and Environment

Boundary
The boundary of a system consists of features which
define and delineate the system.

Environment
The environment is everything that does not belong to
the system, yet still interacts with the system .
The system is inside the boundary the environment is
outside the boundary.
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SIFAT SISTEM

Interface
The area of contact between one
system boundary and another is called
an interface.

For example, in Ireland counties have

boundaries which are traversed by
roads. The roads could be considered
as interfaces which permit counties to
interact.
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PARAMETER DAN VARIABEL

SISTEM
Parameter
Value or quantity that cannot be
controlled

Variable
Quantity or item controlled by the
decision maker
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(1) Goals--examine clarity-ambiguity, simplicity-diversity, localisation-

global

(2) Degree of interdependence of parts of the system

(3) Degree of internal structural differentiation--examine simple to

highly complex, centralised to decentralised
Analisis sistem terdiri
dari 6 bagian:
(4) Degree of vulnerability to outside pressure (i.e. client/community
control)

(5) Time perspective

(6) Stability and resistance to change

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Data Flow
Diagram
The primary tool to illustrate
the system’s processes or
functions and the flow of
data between the processes.
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The DFD consists of

• Context diagram --> Level number 0

• Processes --> numbered rounded
boxes.
• External entities --> rounded boxes
• Data Stores --> open boxes
• Data flows --> arrows
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Ways To Study A
System
State of a system:
Collection of variables and their values
necessary to describe the system at that time
• Might depend on desired objectives, output
performance measures
• Bank model: Could include number of busy
tellers, time of arrival of each customer, etc.