AL/2019/02/E-I,II -2-

AL/2019/02/E-I,II -3-
Part A – Structured Essay Do not
Answer all four questions on this paper itself. write
(Each question carries 10 marks) anything
here.
01. a) Consider the first ten elements of the periodic table. Write the relevant chemical symbol of
the element that best fits the following descriptions.
(i)
I. Having an electron that experiences effective nuclear charge as same as its
nuclear charge : …H…………………
II. Having the very least oxidation state : …C…………………
III. Having the highest electronegativity : …F…………..(3 x 3 = 9)

(ii) Write the chemical formula of the compounds formed by the element identified in
question (II) above with the elements in question (I) and (III) separately.
CH4 , CF4 ( 3 + 3 = 6)
(iii) Identify the compound that has the central atom with higher electronegativity among the
compounds you have written in question (ii). State the reasons for its higher
electronegativity.
CF4 however the hybridization and the charge of central atom be same, oxidation state
in CF4 is greater that is (+4) therefore with increase of oxidation state electronegativity
increases ( 3 + 3 = 6)
b) Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) disproportionates in alkali medium at room temperature and forms
two oxyanions of chlorine with oxidation numbers +1 and +5.
(i) Write the chemical formula and IUPAC name of the anion formed by the oxyanion in
aqueous state with +5 oxidation state.
ClO͞3 Chlorate ion OR ClO͞3 Chlorate(V) ion (3+3=6
(ii) Draw all the possible resonance structures for the anion in (i) above

(-)
O O O

Cl Cl Cl
(-)
O O (-) O O O (C) O
(A) (B)
(-) (-)
(+) O
O O

Cl Cl Cl
(-) (-) (-)
(+)
O O O O(+) O
(D)
O
(F) (-)
(E) ( 4 x 6 = 24)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II -4-
(iii) Draw the relevant resonance hybrid for the above (ii) anion and describe the relative Do not
write
contribution of the above (ii) structures for the resonance hybrid anything
here.
1 -
Since (A), (B), (C) has less charge separation than (D), (E), (F) among the /3
O
resonance structures they are comparatively stable than (D), (E), (F) and
Cl
equally stable so only (A), (B), (C) contribute for drawing the resonance
hybrid (3 + 3 = 16) O O 1/3-
/3-

(iv) Compare the bond lengths and bond angles of the anion drawn in part (i) above with
relevant reasons.(quantitative values are not needed)
Central Cl atoms has 4 repulsion units, all three terminal atoms are identical. All three
(O – Cl) bond lengths are same. Therefore all three (O – Cl – O) bond angles are
identical ( 3 + 3 = 6)
(v) Draw the stable Lewis structure for HClO2
H – O – Cl = O (6)
(vi) Consider the Chlorine atom and the oxygen atom joined with hydrogen in the lewis
structure of HClO2 and fill the following table in appropriate manner.
Fact Cl O

Hybridization sp3 sp3

Electron pair geometry Tetrahedral Tetrahedral

Geometrical shape of the molecule Angular Angular

Oxidation number +3 -2

( 2 x 8 = 16)
c) Arrange the following species in the increasing order of the character given in the
parenthesis
(i) F, Cl and Br (Electron affinity)
Br < F < Cl
(ii) CH4, NH3 and NF3 (Dipole moment)
CH4< NF3< NH3
(iii) CF4, CBr4 and CCl4 (Electronegativity of C)
CBr4< CCl4< CF4
(iv) Na+(g), Mg2+(g) and Al3+(g) (Hydration enthalpy)
Na+(g)< Mg2+(g) < Al3+(g)
(v) CH3OH, NaCl and I2 (strength of interaction formed with water molecules)
I2 < CH3OH < NaCl ( 3 x 5 = 15)
 AL/2019/02/E-I,II -5-
02. (a) When white solid A was strongly heated, basic oxide B and colorless gas C were obtained. Do not
write
Gas C did not change the colour of acidified K2Cr2O7 solution. When A was reacted with anything
here.
dil.HCl, solution D was obtained. Solution D gave white precipitate E with (NH4)2C2O4
solution. Precipitate E is insoluble in dil.Acetic acid solution. The substance obtained in the
reaction of A with con.HCl gave Orange-red (brick red) flame in flame test.
i. Identify the species from A to E.
A –CaCO3
B – CaO
C- CO2
D- CaCl2
E -CaC2O4 ( 5 x 2 = 10)

ii. Write the balanced ionic equation for the thermal decomposition reaction of solid
state E at 1000 ºC
CaC2O4 → CaO + CO2 + CO (3)
∆

iii. A bleaching agent was obtained in treatment of B with water followed by passing
of diatomic gas X2 under cold conditions.
1. What is the chemical symbol of X?
X - Cl (3)
2. Identify the bleaching agent
CaCl2. Ca(OCl)2.Ca(OH)2 OR bleaching powder (3)
3. Write the balanced chemical equation for obtaining the bleaching agent.
3Ca(OH)2+ 2Cl2→ CaCl2. Ca(OCl)2.Ca(OH)2 (3)

iv. Give the variation trend of the thermal stability, by considering the similar
compounds formed by all the elements in the same group of element present as
catioon in compound A.
BeCO3< MgCO3< CaCO3< SrCO3< BaCO3 (3)
State the reasons for this variation.
Here no change in anion but cation varies, no change in cationic charge, but
cationic size varies as Be2+< Mg2+< Ca2+< Sr2+< Ba2+ therefore their ability to
polarize the anion decreases. Therefore polarization of compound decreases
covalent character decreases and ionic character increases. Therefore thermal
stability increases (6)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II -6-
v. Plot the boiling point variation trend of hydrides of elements in the same group of X Do not
write
anything
here.

nfhjpepiy
HF

HI

(5)
HBr
HCl
Ijiul;L
vi. When gas C was heated with coke, it was reduced to produce a diatomic gas.
1. Identify the diatomic gas
CO (3)
2. Mention two uses of the above diatomic gas.
redeucing agent in iron extraction
methanol, formic acid production
water gas production
production of chemical and drugs
to colour meat (any two x 2 = 4)

(b) dil HCl(aq)

Brown coloured gas (B)
NaOH(aq)
Colourless solid (A) Colourless basic gas (C)

Heating Inert diatomic gas (D)

Nor any solid residue has been obtained in continuous heating
i. Identify A,B,C,D
A – NH4NO2 B- NO2
C- NH2 D – N2 (4 x 3 = 12)

ii. Write balanced chemical equation regarding the obtaining of B,C,D from A.
2NH4NO2 + 2HCl → 2NH4Cl + NO + NO2 + H2O
NH4NO2 + NaOH → NaNO2 + NH3 + H2O
NH4NO2→ N2 + 2H2O (3 x 3 = 9)
∆

iii. Solution L has been obtained when gas B reacted with diatomic gas (M2) and
water. The concentrated L is a viscous liquid.
1. Identify M2 and L
M2 : O2 L : HNO3 (2 x 3 = 6)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II -7-
2. Write balanced chemical equation corresponding to the production of L Do not
4NO2 + O2 +2H2O → 4HNO3 (3) write
anything
here.
3. Write the balanced chemical equation for the photochemical reaction of L.
4HNO3→ 4NO2 +O2 + 2H2O (3)

4. Write the balanced chemical equations for the oxidation of Carbon and Sulfur
by L with appropriate conditions.
C + 4 conHNO3 → CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
S + 6 conHNO3 → H2SO4+ 6NO2 + 2H2O (2 x (2+1) = 6)

5. Write one balanced chemical in which L acts as base

HNO3 + H2SO4→ NO2+ + HSO4- + H2O (3)

6. L can be obtained from less stable compound Q, without using any other
reagents
i. Identify Q
HNO2 (3)
ii. Write the balanced chemical reaction for the formation of L from Q
3HNO2 → HNO3 + 2NO + H2O (3)
iii. What type of reaction in which L forms from Q
Disproportionation (3)

iv. Draw the Lewis structures of Q and L.

(+)
O=N –O–H
O=N– O–H
(Q) (2 x 3 = 6)
O (L)
03. a) O + O
H
CH3 – C –CH3 + I2 CH3 – C –CH2I + HI͞

The above reaction takes place via following three steps

+OH
O
Step I – CH3 – C – CH3 + H+ CH3 – C – CH3 (Slow step)
+OH OH

Step II – CH3 – C – CH3 CH3 – C = CH2 + H+ (Fast step)

OH O
Step III – CH3 – C = CH2 + I2 CH3 – C –CH2I + HI (Fast step)

(i) if k is the rate constant and R is the rate of reaction,Write the rate equation for
this reaction.
R = k [CH3COCH3] [H+] (5)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II -8-
(ii) What is the overall order of this reaction? Do not
write
1+1=2 (5) anything
here.

(iii) What is the order with respect to I2? State the reason for your answer.
zero (5)
I2 does not participate in the rate determining the step (5)

(iv) State the role of H+ in the above reaction. Give reason.

Catalyst (5)
It participates in the reaction and obtained at the end of the reaction without
any change in amount or chemically (5)

(v) What is the conclusion that can be made from (iv) above?
Catalyst can change the rate order (5)

(vi) Draw relevant graph for the variation of concentration of CH3COCH3 vs time,
and also draw a graph for the variation of log(rate) vs log [CH3COCH3] while
concentrations of all other reactants are kept constant.
log (Rate)
[CH3COCH3]

Time log [CH3COCH3]

(5 + 5 = 10)
(b) At 127 °C, 0.02 mols of gas P was kept in a rigid vessel of volume 2 dm3. Gas P
dissociated as given below in the presence of solid catalyst.
2P(g) Q(g) + 2R(g)
The following graph shows the variation of concentration of P(g)
[P] / mol dm-3

0.020

0.015

0.010

0.005
time / s
5 10 15 20
AL/2019/02/E-I,II -9-
(i) Write the rate equation by considering p and k as rate order and rate constant Do not
write
respectively. anything
R = k [P(g)]p (5) here.

(ii) Deduce the value of p by giving reasons

p = 1, Time required for the reactant’s concentration to become half of its initial
amount/ half life time of reaction is a constant (5 + 5 = 10)

(iii) What is the half life time of the reaction?

10 s (5)

0.693
(iv) If the half life time of the reaction is given by t 1/2 = 𝑘
, then find the value of
rate constant k.
0.693
t 1⁄ =
2 k

0.693
k = 10 s
(4 + 1 = 5)

k = 0.0693 s-1 (4 + 1 = 5)

(v) Find the pressure inside the vessel, if 25% of the initial amount of P has
dissociated. Assume that volume of the catalyst shall be neglected.
2P(g) → Q(g) + 2R(g)
Initial 0.02 mol - -
25
Reacted x 0.02 mol
100
0.005 mol
Final 0.015 mol 0.0025 mol 0.005 mol (10)
By assuming ideal behavior,
PV = nRT (5)
-3 3 -1 -1
P x 2 x 10 m = 0.0225 mol x 8.314 J K mol x 400 K (4 + 1 = 5)
P = 3.741 x 104 N m-2 (4 + 1 = 5)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 10 -
04. (a) A, B, C and D are structural isomers with molecular formula C4H11N. They form E, F, G Do not
write
and H respectively when treated with NaNO2/ HCl. All these four products reacted with anything
PCl5 and given off white fume. Only A exhibited optical isomerism among A, B, C and here.

D. Compound B has same skeletal carbon arrangement as in A. Immediate turbidity is

observed when H is treated with ZnCl2/con.HCl.
i. Draw the structures of A, B, C and D in the boxes given below. (Stereoisomeric
forms are not necessary)
A B
CH3CH2CH–CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
NH2

C D CH3
CH3CH–CH2NH2
CH3 – C – NH2
CH3 CH3

(6 x 4 = 24)
ii. Draw the structure of compound among E, F, G and H that can exhibit
stereoisomerism.
H
CH3 – CH2 – C – CH3
OH
(6)
iii. Product obtained by the dehydration of compound in (ii) above using con.H2SO4
also shows stereoisomerism. Draw stereoisomeric forms of ptroducts obtained in
dehydration.

CH3 CH3 H CH3

C=C C=C
H H CH3 H (2 x 6 = 12)
cis trans

No marks is expected for naming cis and trans

(b) Consider the following reaction scheme O
C – CH3 OH

P i. C – C ≡ C – CH3
CH3MgBr
CH3C ≡ C – H Dry ether
+
CH3
Q ii.H2O

Br

C – CH2CH2CH3
R
CH3
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 11 -
Compound P formed int his reaction is a strong base. R gives hydrogen gas in the Do not
write
reaction with sodium. Draw the structures of P, Q, and R in the boxes given below. anything
here.

P R OH Q
C – CH2CH2CH3
CH3 C ≡ C – MgBr CH4
CH3

( 3 x 6 = 18)
(c) Write the major products that can be obtained in the reactions given below.

1. CHO CHO
CH3COCl
dry AlCl3
COCH3

2. R2O2 /
CH3CH = CH2 HBr CH3CH2–CH2Br

3.
CH3CH = CH2 con. H2SO4 CH3CH – CH3

OSO3H

CH2 –CH – CH3 CH = CH – CH3

4.
OH con. H2SO4
Δ
O
5. 1) LiAlH
CH3CH = CH – C – OH CH3CH = CH – CH2OH
2) H2O

6.
Na+O–
C6H5N2+Cl- C6H5OH/ NaOH
N=N
0-5ºC

7. CH2 = CH – CH2Cl CH2CH = CH2

Dry AlCl3

CH3–CH=NH–N
CH3CHO 1) 2, 4 DNP NO2
8.
2) dehydration
NO2

(8 x 5 = 40)
 AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 12 -
05. (a)
i. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)
Initial pressure 2P P (03)
Pressure decrease 2x x (03)
Equilibrium pressure (2P - 2x) (P – x) 2x (03)
At equilibrium
2P – 2x = 24 kPa ………..(1) (03)
P – x = 12 kPa ……….(2) (03)
(2P – 2x + P – x + 2x ) = 104 kPa
3P – x = 104 kPa ………(3) (03)
(3)-(2) → 2P = 92 kPa
P = 46 kPa (03)
Partial pressure of O2 = (P-x) = 12 kPa (02+01)

PO2(g) = XO2(g) x PT
12 kPa = XO2(g) x 104 kPa (03)
XO2 = 3/26 OR 0.115 (03)

ii. Partial pressure of SO3(g) = 2x

P – x = 12 kPa
46 kPa – x = 12 kPa
x = 34 kPa (03)
/ 2x = 34 x 2 = 68 kPa (02+01)
2
(𝑃𝑆𝑂3(𝑔) )
𝐾𝑝 = 2 (02+01)
(𝑃𝑆𝑂2(𝑎𝑞) ) ×𝑃𝑂2(𝑔)
(68𝑘𝑃𝑎)2
𝐾𝑝 = (24𝑘𝑃𝑎)2 (02+01)
×12𝑘𝑃𝑎
kp = 6.689 x10-4 Pa-1 (02+01)

iii. Kp = Kc (RT)Δn (03)

Δn = (-1) (03)
𝐾𝑐
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑅𝑇 (03)
Kc = kp x RT
Kc = 6.689 x10-4 Pa-1 x 2500 J mol-1 (02+01)
Kc = 1.673 mol-1 m3 (02+01)

2
(𝑃𝑆𝑂3(𝑔) )
iv. 𝑄𝑝 = 2
𝑡
(02+01)
(𝑃𝑆𝑂2(𝑎𝑞) ) ×(𝑃𝑂2(𝑔) )
𝑡
(80𝑘𝑃𝑎)2
𝑄𝑝 = (70𝑘𝑃𝑎)2 ×(20𝑘𝑃𝑎) (02+01)
Qp = 6.53 x10-5 Pa-1 (02+01)

Qp = 6.53 x10-5 Pa-1 Kp = 6.689 x10-4 Pa-1

Kp > Qp (03)
The equilibrium would shift in forward direction
so as to balance Kp (03)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 13 -
v. Equilibrium constant with respect to standard pressure
2
68×103 𝑃𝑎
( 5 )
1×10 𝑃𝑎
𝐾𝑝 = 2 (01)
24×103 𝑃𝑎 12×103 𝑃𝑎
( ) ×( )
1×105 𝑃𝑎 1×105 𝑃𝑎

kp = 66.89 (01)
5(a): 80 marks

(b) i. ∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 = ∑∆H products −∑∆H reactants (10)

𝜃
∆𝐻𝐶 = (7 × −400𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 + 8 × −300𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) − (−200𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 )
−1 −1

(10+01)
∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 = −2800 + −2400 + 200
= −5000𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 (02+01)

OR
C7H16(l) + 11O2(g) 7CO2(g) + 8H2O(l)
7 x -400kJmol-1
-200kJmol-1 8 x -300kJmol-1
(10 x (01+01)= 20)
7C(s) + 8H2(g) + 11O2(g)
∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 + (−200𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ) = 7 × −400𝐾𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 + 8 × −300𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
(01+01)
∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 = −2800 + −2400 + 200
= −5000 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 (01+01)
OR
Mathematical method and Enthalpy level diagrams also acceptable

ii. M C7H16 = 12 x 7 + 1 x 16
= 100 gmol-1 (02+01)
Energy released during the combustion of C7H16 100g or 1mol = 5000 kJ.
(02+01)
Energy released in the combustion of C7H16 200g or 2mol = 10000 kJ. (02+01)
10
Energy released to the surrounding = 10000 × 100 = 1000𝑘𝐽 (02+01)
Therefore energy needed to vaporize the water = 10000 – 1000 = 9000kJ (02+01)
9000 𝑘𝐽
Amount of vapourized water = 45 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 = 200 𝑚𝑜𝑙 (02+01)
Mass of water = 200 mol x 18 g mol-1 (02+01)
=3600 g
=3.6 kg (02+01)
iii.
1. Volume of O2 used in one inspiration
21 16
= 100 × 500𝑐𝑚3 − 100 × 500𝑐𝑚3 (02+01)
= 25𝑐𝑚3 (02+01)
Volume of O2 used in one day for inspiration
= 25cm3 x 15 x 60 x24
= 540 000 cm3 (02+01)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 14 -
Amount of O2 used in one day for inspiration
𝑃𝑉 1×105 𝑃𝑎×540000×10−6 𝑚3
𝑛𝑂2 = 𝑅𝑇 = 8.314𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 𝑘 −1 ×298𝑘
(02+01)
= 21.796 mol (21.6 – 21.8) (01)

C6H12O6(s)+ 6O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) (01+01)

/ combusted nC6H12O6 = 1/6 x 21.796 mol
= 3.63mol (3.6 – 3.63) (02+01)

Energy released by the combustion of glucose in a day

= 2800kJ mol-1 x 3.63 mol (01)
= 10164kJ (10080 – 10164) (02+01)
5(b): 70 marks

06. (a) i. CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(aq) ⇌ CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq) (01+01)

Ka 
CH COO H O 
3

( aq ) 3

( aq )

CH COOH  3 ( aq )
(01+01)

CH COO   H O  (
3

( aq ) 3

( aq ) (02)
ka  C  H O   2
3 ( aq ) (02)

kaC  H O  3

( aq )

pH   log H O  10 3

( aq ) (02)

pH   log10 KaC (02)

pH   log10 KaC  2
1

pH  1
2   log10 ka  1 2 log10 C (02)
pH  1
2 pka  1 2 log10 C

ii. pH  1
2  (5  0.3010)  12  log10 101 (02)
pH  2.3495  0.5  2.8495 (02)

iii. When 10cm3 added

25
Initial n CH3COOH  0.1moldm3  dm3 (01+01)
1000
= 25 x10-4mol (01+01)

added nNaOH  0.1moldm3 

10
1000
dm3 (01+01)

= 10 x10-4 mol. (01+01)

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COO Na (aq) + H2O(l)
- +

(01+01)
-4 -4
Initial 25x10 mol 10 x10 mol (01+01)
Reacted 10x10-4mol 10 x10-4mol
Final 15 x10-4mol - 10 x10-4mol (01+01)
Solution contains both weak acid and weak acid – strong base salt therefore it is a buffer
solution
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 15 -
pH  pka  log10
ConjugateBase (02)
acid 
10  10 4 moldm3 15  10 4 moldm3
pH  5  0.3010  log10  (01+01)
35  10 3 35  10 3
pH = 5 – 3010 + log102/3
pH = 5 – 0.3010 + log102 – log103
pH = 5 – 0.3010 + 0.3010 – 0.4771
pH = 4.5229. (02)

At the moment of addition of 30.0cm3 NaOH(aq)

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COO-Na+(aq) + H2O(l)
Initial 25x10-4mol 30 x10-4mol (01+01)
-1 -4
Reacted 25x10 mol 25 x10 mol
Final - 5 x10-4mol 25 x10-4mol (01+01)
pH of resultant solution is determined by the remaining NaOH(aq)
NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
5  10 4 mol
[OH-(aq)] = (01+01)
55  10 3 dm3
= 9.1x10-3moldm-3

pOH   log10 OH (aq )  (02)

pOH   log10 9.1103 (02)

pOH = 3 - log109.1
pOH = 3 – 0.9590
/pH = 14- (3-0.9590)
pH = 11.9590 (02)

At the moment of addition of 24.95cm3,

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COO-Na+(aq) + H2O(l)
Initial; 25x10-4mol 24.95x10-4mol (01+01)
Reacted 24.95x10-1mol 24.95 x10-4mol
Final 0.05 x10-4mol - 24.95 x10-4mol (01+01)
Even now also the solution acts as buffer
pH = pka + log10 (conjugate base)/ (acid)
24.95  10 4 0.05  10 4
pH  5  3010  log10  (02)
49.95  10 3 49.95  10 3
24.95
pH = 5 – 0.3010 + log10
0.05
pH = 5- 0.3010 + log10 4.99 x102
pH = 5- 0.3010 + 2+ 0.6981
pH = 7.3971 (02)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 16 -
pH after the addition of 25.05 cm3 NaOH(aq) (at end point)
CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COO-Na+(aq) + H2O(l)
Initial; 25x10-4mol 25.05 x 10-4mol (01+01)
-1 -4
Reacted 25x10 mol 25 x 10 mol
Final - 0.05 x10-4mol 25 x10-4mol (01+01)

Since solution has an excess of NaOH(aq) therefore pH is determined by that

NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
-
5  10 6 mol
[OH (aq)] = (01+01)
55  10 3 dm3
[OH-(aq)] = 9.1 x 10-5 mol dm-3
pOH   log10 OH (aq )  
pOH   log10 9.1105 (02)
pOH = 5 – 0.9590
pH = 14- (5-0.9590)
pH = 9.9590 ≈ 10 (02)

iii. At equivalence point

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COO-Na+(aq) + H2O(l) (01+01)
pH is determined by the hydrolysis of so formed salt or conjugate acid
CH3COO-Na+(aq) → CH3COO-(aq) + Na+(aq)
CH3COO-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CH3COOH(aq) + OH-(aq) (01+01)

 kb 
CH COOH OH  3 ( aq )

( aq )

CH COO  3

( aq )
(01+01)

CH COO   OH 

3

( aq )

( aq ) (02)

Kb.S  OH   2
( aq )

( Kb.S )  OH  
1
2
( aq ) (02)

 log OH    log ( Kb ) 

 log10 ( S )
1 1

10 ( aq ) 10
2 2
(02)
pOH   1 2 pkb  1 2 log10 S
But. pkw  pH  1
2 ( pkw  pka)  1 2 log10 S (02)
 pH  1
2 pka  1 2 pkw  1 2 log10 S

Concentration of salt or conjugate base at equivalence point

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COO-Na+(aq)

25x10-4mol 25 x10-4mol 25x10-4mol (01+01)
25  10 4 mol
[CH 3 COO  Na (aq ) ] 
50  10 3 dm 3
[CH3COO-Na+(aq)] = 5 x10-2 mol dm-3 (01+01)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 17 -
/ pH = ½ pka + ½ pkw + ½ log10S
pH = ½ x 4.6990 + ½ x 14 + ½ x log105 x 10-2 (02)
pH = 2.3495 + 7 – 1 + ½ x 0.6990
pH = 2.3495 + 7 + 0.3495 – 1
pH = 9.6990 – 1
= 8.6990 (02)

iv. pH

11.9_

9.9

8.7

7.4

2.8

Volume of NaOH(aq) added

Marking of axis (02)

Correct shape (03)
Marking of pH (5 x 01 = 05)

v. Phenotphthalein (03)
because it has its pka value included with in the range of sudden pH change near
equivalence point (03)
6(a): 106 marks

(b)
i. For the precipitation of MS
Ksp ≤ IP (02)
Ksp = [M+(aq)] [S2-(aq)] (01+01)
1.6 x10-24 mol2 dm-6 = 0.1 mol dm-3 x [S2-(aq)] (01+01)
1.6 x10-23 mol dm-3 = [S2-(aq)] (01+01)

ii. H2S(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + HS-(aq) ……….. ka1 = 9.1 x10-8 mol dm-3 (01+01)
HS-(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + S2-(aq) …………ka2 = 1x10-19 mol dm-3 (01+01)
(1)+(2) = H2S(aq) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + S2-(aq) . K = ka1 x kb2 (01+01)
2
+ 2−
[𝐻(𝑎𝑞) ] [𝑆(𝑎𝑞) ]
𝐾= (01+01)
[𝐻2 𝑆(𝑎𝑞) ]
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 18 -
2
+
[𝐻(𝑎𝑞) ] ×1.6× 10−23 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3
-8 -3
9.1 x10 mol dm x 1x10 -19
mol dm =
-3
0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3
(01+01)
9.1× 10−28
𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑑𝑚−6 = [H+(aq)]2
1.6× 10−23
/ [H+(aq)] = 7.6 x10-3moldm-3 (01+01)
pH = - log10[H+(aq)] = -log107.6 x 10-3 (7.54 x 10-3) (01+01)
pH = 2.1 (02)
iii. For the precipitation of NS
Ksp ≤ IP (02)
Ksp = [N2+(aq)] [S2-(aq)] (01+01)
6.3 x10-18 mol2 dm-6 = 0.1 mol dm-3 x [S2-(aq)] (01+01)
6.3 x 10-17mol dm-3 =[S2-(aq)] (01+01)

iv. To precipitate NS
+ 2 𝐾[𝐻2 𝑆(𝑎𝑞) ] 9.1× 10−28 𝑚𝑜𝑙 3 𝑑𝑚−9
[𝐻(𝑎𝑞) ] = 2− ] 6.3× 10−17 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3
(01+01)
[𝑆(𝑎𝑞)

+ 2
[𝐻(𝑎𝑞) ] = 1.4 × 10−11 𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑑𝑚−6
/ [H+(aq)] = 3.7 x10-6 mol dm-3 (01+01)
pH = -log10[H+(aq)] = -log103.7 x10-6 (02)
pH = 5.4 (02)
/ Minimum pH needed to for the precipitation of NS, pH = 5.4
/ Range of pH at which solution must be kept = 2.1 – 5.4 (02)

v. 3.7 x 10-6 mol dm-3 (01+01)

6(b): 44 marks
07. (a)
i. +3 (10)
ii. 1s22s22p63s23p63d3 (10)
iii. A = [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
B = [CrCl(H2O)5]Cl2
C = [CrCl2(H2O)4]Cl
D = [CrCl3(H2O)3] (4 x 05 = 20)
iv. A – hexaaquachromium(III) chloride
B - pentaaquachloridochromium(III) chloride
C – teteraaquadichloridochromium(III) chloride
D – triaquatrichloridochromium(III) (4 x 03 = 12)
v. nA : nCl− = 1 : 3 (02)
nB : nCl− = 1 : 2 (02)
nC : nCl− = 1 : 1 (02)
D has no chloride ions (02)
Since A, B, C and D are mixed 1 mol each
Total nCl− = (3 + 2 + 1) mol (02)
= 6 mol
/ Dried mass of [AgCl] ppt. = 6 mol x 143.5 g mol-1 (04+01)
= 861 g (04+01)
7(a): 70 marks
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 19 -
(b) i. 2Cl-(aq) →Cl2(g) + 2e (04+01)
ii. Au3+(aq) + 3e → Au(s) (04+01)
iii. Pt(s) | Cl2(g) | Cl-(aq),1moldm-3) || Au3+(aq,1moldm-3 | Au(s) (04+01)
iv. Eθcell = EθCathode – EθAnode (03)
0.14V = EθCathode – 1.36V (02+01)
EθCathode = (0.14 + 1.36) V = 1.5V (04+01)

v. reading decreases (02)

[Cl-(aq)] reduces,
[Au3+(aq)] reduces, electro motive force decreases
Part of EMF wasted in internal resistance (2 x 03 = 06)

vi.
I. Mg(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2e (04+01)
II. 2H2O(l) + 2e → H2(g) + 2OH- (aq)
OR 2H+(aq) + 2e → H2(g) (04+01)
III. Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg (aq) + 2OH (aq) + H2(g)
2+ -

OR Mg(s) + 2H+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + H2(g) (04+01)

IV. For the just formation of precipitate
Ksp ≤ IP (03)
Ksp(Mg(OH)2(s)) = [Mg2+(aq)][OH-(aq)]2 (02+01)
12 × 10-12 mol3 dm-9 = x × (2x)2 (02+01)
x = 1.442 × 10-4 mol dm-3 (02+01)

[OH-(aq)] = 2x = 2.884 × 10-4 mol dm-3 (02+01)

V = 100 × 10-3 dm3
n OH- = 2.884 × 10-4 mol dm-3 × 100 × 10-3 dm3 (02+01)
n OH- = 2.884 × 10-5 mol (02+01)
n OH- : n e = 1: 1 (02)
OR
[Mg2+(aq)] = 1.442 × 10-4 mol dm-3 (02+01)
V = 100 × 10-3 dm3
n Mg2+ = 1.442 × 10-4 mol dm-3 × 100 × 10-3 dm3 (02+01)
n Mg2+ =1.442 × 10-5 mol (02+01)
n Mg2+: n e = 1: 2 (02)

Passed electric quantity (Q) = 96500 C mol-1 × 2.884 × 10-5 mol

Q = It
965 × 2.884 × 10-3C = 100 × 10-3 A × t (02+01)
t = 27.83 s (02+01)

7(b): 80 marks
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 20 -
O
08. (a) CH3CH2CH2 – C – CH3 CH3CH2
CH – CH=N
NaBH4
CH3CH2

OH
CH3CH2CH2 – CH – CH3
NH2
Con HBr

Br
CH3CH2CH2 – CH – CH3 CHO
CH3CH2 – CH – CH2CH3
C2H5 OH/KOH

CH3CH2CH2 = CH – CH3 PCC

HBr(g)

Br Mg/ dry ether MgBr CH2OH

1) HCHO
CH3CH2 – CH – CH2CH3 CH3CH2 – CH – CH2CH3 CH3CH2 – CH – CH2CH3
2) H2O

(Compounds (except initial and final) 7 x 04 = 28)

(Reagents 8 x 04 = 32)
8(a): 60 marks
CH2OH
COO-Na+
(b) Y1 - X1 -

COOH
C ≡ C – CH3
CH2OH X2 -

COOH
Y2 -

X3 -
CH = CH – CH3
CH2OH NO2
COCl COBr
Y3 -
X4 - OR
CH – CH – CH3 NO2 NO2
Br Br
(Compounds7 x 04 = 28)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 21 -
R1 – dil H2SO4 (H )+

R2 – conH2SO4, Con HNO3

R3 – PCl5 OR PBr3 (Reagents 5 x 03 = 15)

R4 - Pd /H2/BaSO4/ Quinoline(S) 8(b): 43 marks
R5 – Br2 or Br2/CCl4

(c) i. CH3 CH – CH3

(05)
OSO3H
O (03)
H –– O – S – O – H
O + HSO4- CH3 CH – CH3
CH3 CH = CH2 CH3 CH – CH3
(03) (03) OSO3H

(arrows 3 x 02 = 06)
OR
H2SO4 → HSO4- + H+ (02)
(03)
H+
+ HSO4- CH3 CH – CH3
CH3 CH = CH2 CH3 CH – CH2
(03) (03) OSO3H
(arrows 2 x 02 = 04)
ii. Rate of reaction propene < 2-methy lpropene
secondary carbocation is formed from propene
Tertiary carbocation is formed from 2-methyl propene
Stability of carbocation Tertiary > secondary.
Rate of reaction propene < 2-methyl propene
+ +
CH3 – C – CH3 < CH3 - C – CH3
(4 x 03 = 12)
CH3
O O O
iii. (05)
CH3 – C – CH3 < CH3 - C – H < H – C – H

- Since all three compounds have δ+C = Oδ- group polarization carbonyl carbon has partial
positive charge.
- CH3 groups have repulsion ability
- When number of CH3 groups join with carbonyl carbon increases
- Positive charge induced in it decreases.
- Therefore rate of reaction with nucleophiles decreases (5 x 02 = 10)

8(c): 47 marks
 AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 22 -
09. (a)
i. cations :- Cu2+, Mg2+
anions :- NO3-, SCN- (4 x 05 = 20)

ii. P – CuS
E – [Cu(NH3)4]2+
R – Mg(OH)2
X – NH3 (4 x 05 = 20)

iii. 8Al + 3NO3- + 5OH- + 2H2O → 8AlO2- + 3NH3 (05)

iv. NH4Cl(aq) → NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

NH4OH(aq) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) (05)
by the common ion effect of NH4+(aq) from NH4Cl(aq)
Ionization of NH4OH(aq) is highly reduced
therefore concentration of OH-(aq) reduces,
Ionic product of Mg(OH)2 decreases than its Ksp
therefore Mg(OH)2 is not precipitated due to high Ksp or lack of OH-(aq)
(5 x 05 = 25)
9(a): 75 marks

(b)
i. 5 CuS + 6 MnO4- + 28 H+ → 5 Cu2+ + 6 Mn2+ + 5 SO2 + 14 H2O (02)
5 FeS + 7 MnO4- + 36 H+ → 5 Fe3+ + 7 Mn2+ + 5 SO2 + 18 H2O (02)
5 ZnS + 6 MnO4- + 28 H+ → 5 Zn2+ + 6 Mn2+ + 5 SO2 + 14 H2O (02)
5 Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ → 5 Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4 H2O (02)
Fe3+ + 3NH4OH → Fe(OH)3 + 3 NH4+ (02)
2Fe(OH)3 →∆ Fe2O3 + 3H2O (02)
2Cu2+ + 2I- → 2 Cu+ + I2 (02)
2S2O32- + I2 → 2I- + S4O62- (02)

ii. Total amount of 𝑛𝑀𝑛𝑂4− for reaction = 6x + 7y + 6z (01)

Added 𝑛𝑀𝑛𝑂4− = 0.3 mol dm-3 x 200 x 10-3 dm3 (01)

= 0.06 mol (01+01)
Procedure: 01,
nFe2+ needed for the titration of 100 cm3 of resultant solution,
nFe2+ = 1 mol dm-3 x 25 x 10-3 dm3 (01)
-2
= 2.5 x 10 mol (01+01)
5 Fe + MnO4 + 8 H → 5 Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4 H2O
2+ - +

nMnO−4 : nFe2+ = 1 : 5 (01)

2.5 x 10−2 mol
/ Remaining nMnO−4 = (01)
5
-3
= 5 x 10 mol (01+01)
nMnO−4 3 -3
remained in 200 cm of resultant solution = 2 x 5 x 10 mol (01)
= 0.01 mol (01+01)
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 23 -
/ reacted nMnO−4 = (0.06 – 0.01 )mol (01)
= 0.05 mol
/ 6x + 7y + 6z = 0.05 mol (01)

Procedure: 02
Fe3+ + 3NH4OH → Fe(OH)3 + 3 NH4+
2Fe(OH)3 →∆ Fe2O3 + 3H2O
WFe O = 0.16 g
2 3
MFe = 160 g mol-1 (01)
2 O3
160 x 10−3 g
/ WFe =
2 O3 160 g mol−1
= 1 x 10-3 mol (01+01)
/ nFe3+ in 50 cm3 solution = 2 x 10 -3 mol
/ nFe3+ in 200 cm3 solution = 4 x 2 x 10 -3 mol (01+01)
/ nFeS in the sample = 8 x 10-3 mol
8 x 10−3 mol x 7
nMnO−4 reacted with FeS = (01)
5
= 11.2 x 10-3 mol (01+01)
Procedure: 03
2Cu2+ + 2I- → 2 Cu+ + I2
2S2O32- + I2 → 2I- + S4O62-
nI : nCu2+ = 1 : 2 (01)
2
nS2 O2−
3
: nI = 2 : 1 (01)
2
nS2 O2−
3
needed for the titration = 0.2 mol dm-3 x 30 x 10-3 dm3 (01)
-3
= 6 x 10 mol (01+01)
1
/ nI = 6 x 10 mol -3
x2 (01)
2
= 3 x 10-3 mol (01+01)
/ nCu2+ = 3 x 10-3 mol x 2 (01)
= 6 x 10-3 mol (01+01)
nCu2+ in 50 cm3 solution = 6 x 10-3 mol
nCu2+ in 200 cm3 solution = 4 x 6 x 10-3 mol (01)
= 2.4 x 10-2 mol (01+01)
/ nCuS = 2.4 x 10-2 mol
6
/ nMnO−4 reacted with CuS = 2.4 x 10-2 mol x (01)
5
= 2.88 x 10-2 mol (01+01)

nMnO−4 reacted with ZnS = 0.05 mol – ( 1.12 x 10-2 + 2.88 x 10-2 ) mol (01)
= 0.01 mol (01+01)
5
/ amount of ZnS = 0.01 mol x 6 (01)
-3
= 8.33 x 10 mol (01+01)
nCuS = 2.4 x 10-2 mol
nFeS = 8 x 10-3 mol
nZnS = 8.33 x 10-3 mol
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 24 -
WFeS = 8 x 10-3 mol x 88 g mol-1 (01)
= 0.704 g (01)
WCuS = 2.4 x 10-2 mol x 95.5 g mol-1 (01)
= 2.292 g (01)
WZnS = 8.33 x 10-3 mol x 97 g mol-1 (01)
= 0.808 g (01)

0.704 𝑔
W%FeS = 4𝑔
x 100
= 17.6% (02)

2.292 𝑔
W%CuS = 4𝑔
x 100
= 57.3% (02)

0.808 𝑔
W%ZnS = 4𝑔
x 100
= 20.2% (02)

9(b): 75 marks
10. (a)
For new syllabus

X1 – glucose / sucrose / sugar

X2 – coconut oil / plant fat / animal fat
X3 – sea water
X4 – CaCO3/ lime stone
P1 – CH3OH
P2 – C2H5OH
P3 – CH3COOH/ vinegar
P4 – Bio diesel
P5 – Glycerol / Glycerine / propane-1,2,3-triol
P6 – soap
P7 – NaOH
P8 – Cl2
P9 – con.NaCl / Brine solution
P10 – bleaching powder;/ Ca(OCl)2.Ca(OH)2.CaCl2.2H2O
P11 – Ca(OH)2
P12 – CaO
P13 – CO2
P14 – NH4Cl
P15 – NaHCO3
P16 – Na2CO3
P17 – CaCl2 (21 x 03 = 63)

10(a): 63 marks
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 25 -
For old syllabus
X1 – coke/ C
X2 – Haemetite / Fe2O3
X3 – coconut oil / plant fat / animal fat
X4 – sea water
X5 – CaCO3/ lime stone
P1 – stainless steel
P2 – Fe
P3 – slag/ Ca(AlO2)2/ CaSiO3
P4 – Glycerol / Glycerine / propane-1,2,3-triol
P5 – soap
P6 – NaOH
P7 – Cl2
P8 – Ca(OH)2
P9 – CaO
P10 – con.NaCl / Brine solution
P11 – bleaching powder;/ Ca(OCl)2.Ca(OH)2.CaCl2.2H2O
P12 – CO2
P13 – NH4Cl
P14 – NaHCO3
P15 – Na2CO3
P16 – CaCl2 (21 x 03 = 63)

10(a): 63 marks

(b) i. Photochemical smog (05)

ii. PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate), PBN (Peroxybenzyl nitrate), Aldehyde, Methyl nitrate
(3 x 03 = 9)
iii. NO2 + hv → NO + O
O + O2 + M → O3 + M (2 x 03 = 6)
(M → Third body that absorbs energy in gaseous state) (02)

iv. affects the respiratory system (cough, asthma),

Irritation in nose
Diminishes eye sight, irritation in eyes
Food scarcity is resulted as plant growth and photosynthesis is affected
(any 3x 04=12)
v. Fixing catalytic converter to vehicles
Using alternative fuel/ alternative technology in motor vehicle industry
Tuning the fuel – air ratio in internal combustion enegines
(3 x 04 = 12)

vi. Advantage: no side effects in purification process

Drawback: cannot use the water purified by this method for a long term
(2 x 03 = 6)

10(b): 52 marks
AL/2019/02/E-I,II - 26 -
(c)
i. D/ Structure of D/ / 2-methylbut-2-ene / isoprene (02)

–– CH2 CH2 ––

C =C (05)

CH3 H

ii. C/ Structure of C / Terepthallic acid

G/ Structure of / ethylene glycol (02)
O O
–– O – CH2CH2 – O – C –– –– C –– (05)

Terellene (02)

iii. F / Structure of F (2)

F F
(04)
–– C –– C ––

F F n
Reason: having high amount of halogen (F) (02)

iv. B/ Structure of B / formaldehyde

E/ Structure of E/ phenol (02)
NaOH(aq) OR H2SO4(aq) OR acid/base catalyst (02)

v. A/ Structure of A / Styrene (02)

H H
–– C –– C –– (05)

H 10(c): 35 marks