COURSE OUTLINE: PRELIMS

1. INTRODUCTION TO NURSING INFORMATICS FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF INFORMATICS

2. COMPUTERS IN NURSING ● management processing
3. GRACE - HUMANOID ROBOT
4. ROBIN, THE ROBOT
5. DEXTER - SURGICAL ROBOT
6. PILLO
7. PARO
8. CARLO
9. CYBERKNIFE
10. ROOMIEBOT
11. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
REFERENCE BOOK
COMPUTERS IN NURSING
Video: Role of Computer in Nursing
INTRODUCTION TO NURSING
USES OF COMPUTERS IN NURSING
INFORMATICS ● manage information in patient care
● monitor the quality of care
● evaluate the outcomes of the care
Videos to watch:
● communication
- What is Nursing Informatics?
● assessing resources
- Nursing Informatics Overview
● interacting with patients on the WWW

WHAT IS INFORMATICS? MAJOR HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF

● informatics comes from the french word NURSING AND COMPUTER
informatique, which means computer science ● six time periods
● informatics is defined as computer science + ○ from prior to 1960s to post 2000
information science ● four major nursing areas
● used in conjunction with different disciplines ○ nursing practice
● it denoted an application of computer science and
○ nursing administration
information science to the management and
processing of data, information, and knowledge in ○ nursing education
○ medical informatics ○ nursing research
○ nursing informatics ● standards initiatives
○ pharmacy informatics, etc. ○ nursing practice
● “a combination of computer science, information ○ nursing data
science, and nursing science designed to assist in
○ healthcare standards
the management and processing of nursing data,
information and knowledge to support the practice ● significant landmark events
of nursing and the delivery of nursing care.” ● major landmark milestone chart
● nursing informatics is the use of computer ●
technology to support nursing, including SIX TIME PERIODS
○ clinical practice
○ administration 1950s (PRIOR TO 1960s)
○ education ● computer industry grew
○ research
● nursing profession is undergoing major changes
● image of the nursing profession was improving
THE FRAMEWORK OF NURSING INFORMATICS
● nursing practices and services were expanding in
DATA scope and complexity
● discrete entities that are described objectively ● number of nurses was increasing
without interpretation ● computers were initially used in healthcare facilities
● example: 120/80 for basic business office functions
● used punch cards to store data and card readers to
INFORMATION read computer programs, sort and prepare data for
● data that are interpreted, organized, or structured processing
● example: 120/80 mmHg (normal BP) ● use of paper tapes in teletypewriters to print

KNOWLEDGE
1960s
● are information that has been synthesized so that
interrelationships are identified and formalized ● use of computer technology in healthcare settings
● example: A blood pressure reading above 120/80 began to be questioned
mmHg can be considered as hypertensive. Thus, ○ Why computers?
change in the client’s lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.) is ○ What should be computerized?
necessary. ● nursing practice standards were reviewed and
nursing resources were analyzed
This framework results in decisions that guide practice.

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 ○ What areas of nursing should be protocols, to browse the internet and search
automated? worldwide
○ nurses’ station - was viewed as the hub of
information exchange, the appropriate 2000s
center for the development of computer ● TORRID pace of hardware and software
application development
● computer technology advanced ○ HARDWARE - physical components of the
● number of healthcare facilities increased machine itself
● introduction of cathode ray tube (crt) terminals and ■ basic hardware - electronic
online data communication circuits, microchips, processors,
● hospital information system (his) was developed and the motherboard itself inside
○ primarily to process financial transactions the computer housing.
and serve as billing and accounting ○ SOFTWARE - general term applied to the
systems instructions that direct the computer’s
hardware to perform work.
1970s ■ purposes:
● translates human
● 1970s language into machine
● integration of computers in nursing language
● nurses recognized computer’s potential for ● packaged or stored
improving the documentation of nursing practice, software makes
the quality of patient care computer an economical
● large community health agencies developed their work tool
own computer-based management information ■ note:
systems (MISs) ● programs - organized
○ public health was benefited through instruction sets
information for specific program funds and ● package - set of related
reimbursements of patient services programs
(MEDICARE, MEDICAID)

1980s
● nursing informatics became a specialty, experts
enter the field
● use of computers in nursing became revolutionary
● computer architecture advanced; computer-based
patient record systems (CPRSs)
○ mainframe of HISs emerged with nursing
subsystems
○ order entry from kardex; results reporting,
vital signs, narrative nurses’ notes
● discharge planning systems - were developed and
used as referrals to community health care facilities
in the continuum of care
● microcomputers or personal computer emerged
○ more accessible, affordable and usable
○ nurses create their own applications
1990s
● computer technology became an integral part of
healthcare settings, practice and nursing profession
● the nursing profession became actively involved in
promoting NI.
● 1990s brought smaller and faster computers;
laptops and notebooks, to the bedside and all work
settings
● workstations and local area networks (LANs) were
developed for hospital units and wide area networks
(WANs) for linking care across healthcare facilities
● 1992 - NI was approved by ANA as a new nursing
specialty
○ demands for ni expertise increased
● 1995 - internet has moved mainstream with e-mail
(e-mail), file transfer protocol (ftp) and the www
● advancement in mobile technology
○ wireless tablet computers, personal digital
assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, voice
over internet protocols (VoIP)
● critical care and home health care unit has
increasingly partnered with information technology
(TELENURSING)
● The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was enacted.
○ streamline healthcare transactions and
reduce costs.
○ electronic collection and reimbursement
○ standardized transactions and code sets
for privacy and confidentiality (2004).
● Recommended healthcare providers to use
PROVIDER or PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER (PIN)
GRACE - HUMANOID ROBOT
● Humanoid robot Grace, developed by Hanson
Robotics and designed for the healthcare market to
interact and comfort the elderly and isolated people,
especially those suffering during the coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic
WHAT ARE HUMANOIDS?
● Humanoid robots are robots that resemble and act
like humans.
WHAT CAN GRACE DO?
● Recognize Different Languages
● Identify Gender
● Speaks Three Languages
● Recognize Human Emotions
● Gathers Data

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● Talk Therapy ● an emotion characterized by feelings of tension,
● Provide various uplifting activities worried thoughts, and physical cues and changes
● Companionship such as shaking and increased blood pressure.
● measures Responsiveness ● anxiety is not the same as fear
● Takes Temperature and Pulse
HOW DOES IT WORK?
HOW DOES IT WORK? ● Omnidirectional Wheel System
● Hanson Robotics ● Collect Data
○ provides the robotics platform ● Analyze Facial Expression
● SINGULARITY NET’S (SNET) ● Memory Recall
○ enables the robot to interact with users, ● Tailored Conversation
converse with them, and respond to their ● Reacts Naturally
needs
HOW DOES IT BENEFIT GERIATRIC AND
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS PEDIATRIC PATIENTS?
● collar-length brown hair ● Elders
● dressed in a blue uniform ○ Therapies like robotic interventions may
● frubber have a beneficial influence on the lives of
● 48 major facial muscles older people suffering from
● asian features neurodegenerative illnesses.
● thermal camera and sensor ● Children
○ Robin entertains children by playing
interactive games and telling humorous
stories and jokes.
○ Robin establishes an empathic connection
and acts as an actual peer via emotional
dialogues.

IMPLICATIONS
● Companionship
● Assistance
● Real-time Analysis
● Satisfaction
● Efficiency

DEXTER - SURGICAL ROBOT

● DEXTER is a new system that can be easily
draped and operated in a sterile environment,
IMPLICATIONS allowing surgeons and their operating teams to
● Grace’s resemblance to a healthcare professional quickly toggle between robotic and manual modes
and capacity for social interaction is aimed at as needed
relieving the burden of frontline hospital staff
overwhelmed during the pandemic
● data collection and administration system
● deliver effective and more efficient care to patients

ROBIN, THE ROBOT

● first emotionally intelligent hospital robot.
● product of a vision to help children overcome
medical stress backed with long-term psychological
research done by experts in the field.
● Robin’s software algorithm allows it to perform
real-time analysis of children’s emotions and
respond on the spot.
● Its slick design and cheerful voice appeal to children
and instantly gain their trust. HOW DOES IT WORK?
● Hanson Robotics
○ provides the robotics platform
● SINGULARITY NET’S (SNET)
○ enables the robot to interact with users,
converse with them, and respond to their
needs

FEATURES OF DEXTER

DEXTERITY
● two robotic instrument arms augment the surgeon
through the articulation and precision of their
instruments.

ANXIETY CONSISTENCY

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 ● a surgical robot that integrates into existing ● Can load with up to 4 weeks worth of medication
laparoscopic setups and workflows. and dispense into a small cup on the prescribed
time.
● Alert family members and use voice cues if
FLEXIBILITY medication is not being taken right on time.
● sterile surgeons can switch between laparoscopic ● Video calls and carry out medication order- refill
and robotic surgery within 20 seconds. orders.
● 400 video about healthy eating habits
VERSATILITY ● Answering medical questions
● Provide weather report, nutritional information and
● a multi-functional robot that docks and de-docks
reminders
quickly, and moves readily between operating
● healthcare q & a
rooms.
● user recognition
● telemedicine interface
COMPATIBILITY ● smart devices
● an open platform compatible with all laparoscopic ● secure storage
instruments, generators and 3D imaging systems. ● syncs wirelessly
● auto refill
CAPABILITY ● intelligent platform
● Full robotic endoscope control ensures a stable
and controlled image. HOW DOES IT WORK?
● mobile app
FULLY ARTICULATED SINGLE-USE INSTRUMENTS ● wearables
● robotic aid for long and complex surgical tasks ● caretaker interface
● secure data
FULL ROBOTIC ENDOSCOPE CONTROL ● When it's time for a dose, Pillo will call out until the
● endoscope controlled via surgeon console right person comes up to the screen for facial
identification before the meds are dispensed—a
valid security measure if there are kids around.
ERGONOMIC DESIGN
● an ergonomic console to elongate surgeons’ CHARACTERISTICS OF PILLO
careers ● art voice
● secure storage & dispensing
FUTURE PROOF AND INNOVATION FRIENDLY ● mobile notification via pillo mobile app
● a modular platform that supports all instruments and ● wireless sync
innovation ● facial recognition
● accommodating preferences and innovation ● intelligent platform

IMPLICATIONS FEATURES
● simplified ● hd camera
● more cost-effective surgical robot ● tamper proof casing
● supports ergonomic posture ● 7'' touch screen monitor
● control, precision, comfort ● pill dispensing
● health and wellness question
PILLO ●
●
unlimited profiles
videoconferencing
● Humanoid robot Grace, developed by Hanson ● lithium ion backup battery
Robotics and designed for the healthcare market to ● wi-fi support
interact and comfort the elderly and isolated ● emotions
people, especially those suffering during the
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic

TROUBLES WITH MEDICATION MANAGEMENT

● Humanoid robots are robots that resemble and act
like humans.

STORY BEHIND PILLO

● June 2016
● Its creators -- co-founders Emanuele Musini, Aiden
Feng and James Wyman.
● Comes from a personal experience of one founder
after his father passed away because he had
trouble adhering to his medication regimen. The
founder thought that, what if there was a ‘someone’
there with him, right there? That’s what they were
trying to accomplish.
PILLO DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
● The covid 19 Q&A with up-to-date information about
the coronavirus
● COVID-19 in home self assessment
● Telemedicine with doctor and caretakers
● Social connections between family and members
● Medication dispenser and follow up

CARLO
TARGET AUDIENCE ● Cold Ablation Robot Guided Laser Osteotome.
● regularly- medicated adults ● The world's first medical, tactile robot that can cut
● caretakers of adults bones contact-free and autonomously with cold
● health enthusiasts laser technology.

WHAT CAN PILLO DO? FEATURES

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 ● Autonomous IMPLICATIONS
● Digital ● Improve the standard of care
● Limitless ● Improving social engagement
● Gentle ● Reducing negative and behavioral symptoms
● Intelligent
● Safe
● Agile CYBERKNIFE
HOW DOES IT WORK? CYBERKNIFE SYSTEM
● The surgeon carries out the preoperative planning ● The CyberKnife System is a non-invasive treatment
on the basis of data from a CT scan and feeds it for cancerous and non-cancerous tumors and other
into CARLO’s navigation system. conditions where radiation therapy is indicated.
● An intuitive app guides the surgeon and technical
staff through CARLO’s initialization step by step
● The robot then performs the operation
independently. If anything does not go as planned,
the physician merely has to touch the robot gently
and the system stops immediately

HOW DOES IT WORK?

● TRUE ROBOTIC DELIVERY PRECISION
○ It delivers high-energy x-rays or photons
with the use of a linear accelerator (linac).
○ It precisely detects and targets tumors by
moving around the patient.
● REAL-TIME MOTION SYNCHRONIZATION
IMPLICATION/ HOW THIS TECHNOLOGY HELPS ○ With its motion adaptive delivery
● Low risk task technology, the CyberKnife System
● assist in surgery enables smaller treatment margins around
● user-friendly system the tumor.
● short hospitalization time
IMPLICATIONS
● CyberKnife aids the nursing profession in two ways.
PARO ○ It aids nurses in the care for cancer
● therapeutic robot patients in such a way that the process of
● used primarily in care facilities radiation therapy becomes more efficient.
● analyze the specific disorder ○ therapy becomes more efficient. 2. Since
the side effects are less severe, it allows
WHAT CAN PARO DO? nurses to better promote the health of the
● reduce stress client
● stimulates interaction
●
●
improving relaxation
improves the socialization ROOMIE BOT
● Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR)
HOW DOES IT WORK? ● Developed by Start-up Roomie Instituto de
● Tactile Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores
● temperature del Estado hospital
● light ● Small propane gas tank on wheels
● posture sensor
● audition
● IMPROVE SOCIALIZATION
● LIFTS MOOD
● STIMULATES INTERACTION
● REDUCE PATIENT DISTRESS

HOW DOES ROOMIE BOT WORK?

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 ● Intel® MovidiusTM Vision Processing Unit (VPU)
● 8th Gen Intel® NUCs
● Intel® RealSenseTM cameras.
● LCD Panel with antimicrobial shield
● Vital sensors including oximeters.
● Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems
● Visual compute
● Mapping capabilities
WHAT CAN ROOMIE BOT DO?
● Direct physician to a patient
● Get temperature, blood oxygen level, medical
health record
● Interact with high-risk COVID patients
● Bedside video calls
● stand-up MRI is a new model of the classic MRI
machine. Rather than lying still on a flat surface,
you get to stand up, sit down or lean
MAIN PARTS/ COMPONENTS OF MRI MACHINE
MAGNET
● The biggest and most important components of the
MRI system
RADIO FREQUENCY COIL
● are the antenna of MRI system that transmit the RF
signal and receive the return signal

IMPLICATIONS GRADIENT COIL

● high-quality patient care ● generates the images of the soft tissues of the
● streamlined clinical workflows body.
● safe work environment

MONITO
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ● For the image formation process and the user
(MRI) interface
● is a technique that uses a magnetic field and
radiowaves to create detailed images of the organs
and tissues within the body

BRIEF HISTORY OF MRI

● development of MRI was based on the discovery of
nuclear magnetic resonance
● scientist Raymond Damadian created an alternative
non-intrusive way to see within the human body
using magnets
● in 1997, his first successful MRI scan took place

BREAKTHROUGH
● The fundamental finding that led to the development
of the MRI was made by Raymond Damadian,
Scientist, who found that aberrant cancer cells had —----------------- END OF THE TRANSES —----------------
longer relaxation times than normal cells. He
became aware of the prospect of using his
imagined human-sized scanner for disease
diagnosis as a result of his discoveries.
● As medical imaging plays a bigger role in cancer
detection and prevention, as well as cancer and
other ailment diagnosis, MRI technology is currently
advancing. By distinguishing between healthy tissue
and malignant cells, MRI technology can assist
doctors in making a medical diagnosis.

TYPES OF MRI

OPEN MRI
● For patients who may feel uncomfortable in
enclosed spaces (claustrophobia), this is a very
convenient option.

EXTREMITY MRI
● Similar to a closed MRI, it will study the limbs in
detail. The difference here is that it is specially
customized for our extremities (arms & legs)

CLOSED MRI
● As compared to a standard MRI, this has the ability
to produce a magnetic field double the conventional
value. Thus, detailed images can be created in a
lesser period of time

UPRIGHT MRI

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