EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE – Week 2

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade:_______________

Level: ________________ Date: ________________
Section: _________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Lesson: Minerals and Rocks

Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the three main categories of rocks,
and the origin and environment of formation of common minerals and rocks.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

The learners shall be able to make a plan that the community may use to conserve
and protect its resources for future generations. The learners will be able to classify rocks into
igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic (S11/12ESIb-10).

Specific Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to

1. Classify and describe the three basic rock types;
2. Establish relationships between rock types and the origin and environment of
deposition/formation;
3. Understand the different geologic processes involved in rock formation.

Background information for Learners:

Review:
Rocks are aggregate of minerals. It can be composed of single mineral (e.g. Quartzite, a
metamorphic rock composed predominantly of Quartz) or more commonly, as an aggregate of two
or more minerals. A mineral name can be used as a rock name (e.g. Gypsum Rock which is composed
predominantly of the mineral Gypsum (CaSO4).

Rock Classifications - Rocks are classified on the basis of the mode of formation. The three rock types
are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

1. Igneous rocks- rocks that are formed from the solidification of molten rock material (magma or
lava). Molten rock material can solidify below the surface of the earth (plutonic igneous rocks) or at
the surface of the Earth (volcanic igneous rocks). Minerals are formed during the crystallization of
the magma. Note that the rate of cooling is one of the most important factors that control crystal
size and the texture of the rock in general.
2. Sedimentary rocks- These are rocks that formed through the accumulation, compaction, and
cementation of sediments. They generally form at surface or near surface conditions.
3. Metamorphic rocks- rocks that form from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks) through the process of metamorphism. Metamorphism can
involve changes in the physical and chemical properties of rocks in response to heat, pressure, and
chemically active fluids. They are commonly formed underneath the earth through metamorphism.

The Rock Cycle:

The rock cycle illustrates how geologic processes occurring both at the surface and
underneath the Earth’s surface can change a rock from one type to another.

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 Activity 6: The Rock Cycle

Instruction: On a separate sheet of paper using the “The Rock Cycle” diagram explain how the three
types of rocks are formed and how are they connected with each other.

Activity 7: Concept Mapping

Instruction: Use the concept map template below and form the proper connections between
concepts about the types/ classification of rocks. Use the concepts in the word box in this
activity. (Use art materials in making your concept map)

Template (Concept Map)

Word Box

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Lesson: Exogenic Processes (Erosion and Deposition)

Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of geologic processes that occur on the
surface of the Earth such as weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

The learners make a simple map showing places where erosion may pose risks in the
community. The learners explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and
deposited elsewhere (S11/12ES-Ib- 12).

Specific Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Identify the different agents of erosion and deposition;
2. Describe characteristic surface features and landforms created and the processes that
contributed to their formation.

Background information for Learners:

TRY THIS:
Prepare a tray containing sand. I challenge you to think of as many ways as you can
move the sand from one end of the tray to the other. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY/PRACTICE:
WEATHERING VS. EROSION

1. Weathering— the disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near the Earth surface
2. Erosion— the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent such as water, wind,
or ice
3. Weathering occurs in situ, that is, particles stay put and no movement is involved. As soon as the
weathering product starts moving (due to fluid flow) we call the process erosion.
4. Weathering, erosion/transportation, and deposition are exogenic processes that act in concert,
but in differing relative degrees, to bring about changes in the configuration of the Earth’s surface.

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 Activity 8: Annotated sketch of areas of erosion and deposition

Procedure:
1. Use a map to locate a river or coastline nearest to your community. (A satellite image from Google
Earth of the lower and middle course of Agno River may be used for this activity or generate a
picture of your locality from Google Maps.

2. Identify locations of erosion and deposition by making an annotated sketch of the river or coast.
(use symbols/legends)

3. Explain how the different erosional and depositional features may have formed.

4. Predict how the river/coast may change shape in the future.

5. Identify areas susceptible to fluvial/coastal erosion. (use symbols/legends)

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