BREATHING AND GASES EXCHANGE

1. A limit of gaseous exchange of respiratory membrane between alveoli and pulmonary blood is known as
(a) Partial pressure (b)Alveolar air (c) Diffusing capacity (d) Inspired air ( )
2. Select the correct sequence for the process of expiration. ( )
(a) Alveoli --. Bronchi --. Trachea --. Pharynx--. Nasal cavities --. Internal nares --. External nares.
(b) Alveoli--. Bronchi--. Trachea--. Larynx--. Pharynx--. Internal nares--. Nasal cavities--. External nares.
(c) Bronchi--. Alveoli--. Trachea--. Pharynx--. Larynx--. Internal nares--. Nasal cavities--. External nares.
(d) Bronchi--. Alveoli--. Trachea--. Internal nares--. Larynx--. Pharynx--. Nasal cavities--. External nares.
3. When diaphragm of man is completely dome shaped in it indicates. ( )
(a) end of expiration and beginning of inspiration. (b) beginning of expiration and end of inspiration
(c) hyperpnea (d) dyspnea
4. The structure which does not contribute to the breathing movements in mammals is ( )
(a) ribs (b) larynx (c) diaphragm (d) intercostal muscles
5. In a typical multicellular animal, the circulatory system interacts with various specialized surfaces in order to
exchange materials with the exterior environment. Which of the following is not an example of such an
exchange surface? ( )
I. skin II. intestine Ill. muscle IV. lung V. kidney
(a) I and II are correct (b) II and IV are correct (c) Only Ill is correct (d) IV and V are correct
6. Adult human RBCs are enucleated. Which of the following statement(s) is/are most appropriate explanation
for this feature? ( )
(I) They do not need to reproduce (II) They are somatic cells
(Ill) They do not metabolize (IV) All their internal space is available for oxygen transport
(a) only (I) (b) (I), (Ill) and (IV) (c) (II) and (Ill) (d) only (IV)
7. Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because
of: ( )
(a) lnspiratory Reserve Volume (b) Tidal Volume
(c) Expiratory Reserve Volume (d) Residual Volume
8. A person suffer's punctures in his chest cavity in an accident, without any damage to the lungs. its effect
could be ( )
(a) Reduced breathing rate (b) Rapid increase in breathing rate
(c) No change in respiration (d) Cessation of breathing
9. What structure do RBCs move through single file? ( )
(a) artery (b) arteriole (c) capillary (d) venule
10. Which of the following muscles are involved in forceful expiration? ( )
(a) Abdominal and diaphragm muscles (b) External intercostal and diaphragm muscles
(c) Abdominal and internal intercostal muscles (d) External and internal intercostal muscles
11. A disease characterised by accumulation of fluid with dead WBCs occupying most of the air space in
alveolar sac is ( )
(a) Pneumonia (b) Bronchitis (c) Emphysema (d) Bronchial asthma
12. Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because: ( )
(a) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume.
(b) pressure in the alveoli increases.
(c) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure.
(d) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes.
13 A person with a tidal volume of 450 ml, a vital capacity of 4,000 ml, and a residual volume of 1,000 ml would
have a potential total lung capacity of ( )
(a) 1,450 ml. (b) 4,450 ml. (c) 5,000 ml. (d) 5,450 ml.
14. Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure. This most
probably relates to which of the following? ( )
(a) the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air
(b) the overproduction of surfactants
(c) the incomplete development of the lung surface
(d) inadequate production of surfactant
15. The oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right by all the following except: ( )
(a) Increased carbon dioxide (b) Increased pH
(c) Increased temperature (d) Presence of 2, 3 DPG
16. Identify the incorrect statement: ( )
(a) The larynx, rings in the wall of trachea and the epiglottis are cartilaginous
(b) A negative intrapleural pressure will help in keeping the lungs inflated
(c) An airtight thoracic chamber is essential as we can directly alter the pulmonary volume
(d) The conducting part of the airway warms, humidifies and filters the air reaching the exchange site
17. Which of the following is entirely made up of cartilage? ( )
(a) Nasal septum (b) Larynx (c) Glottis (d) Trachea
18. Glottis is an opening in the floor of ( )
(a) Mouth (b) Trachea (c) Pharynx (d) Diaphragm
19. The form of energy used in respiration is : ( )
(a) Chemical (b) Electrical (c) Mechanical (d) Radiant
20. The affinity of Hb for 02 is ( )
(a) Decreased in metabolizing tissue (b) Increased at higher body temperature
(c) Increase at higher than normal 2, 3 DPG levels (d) Decreased at more basic than normal pH
21. If a person inhale normally without any extra effort after a forceful exhalation. Which pulmonary volumes
will be inhaled : ( )
(a) TV+ IRV+ ERV (b) TV+ FRC (c) TV+ IRV (d) TV+ ERV
22. Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 ml and 1000 ml, respectively. What will be
his Expiratory Capacity if the Residual Volume is 1200 ml? ( )
(a) 1500 ml (b) 1700 ml (c) 2200 ml (d) 2700 ml
23. The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is known as : ( )
(a) Total Lung Capacity (b) Expiratory Capacity
(c) Vital Capacity (d) lnspiratory Capacity
24. Total percentage of O2 transported by haemoglobin or RBC is - ( )
(a) 3% (b) 97% (c) 49% (d) 100%
25. Besides RBC blood plasma also carries 0 2 in solution. The percentage is - ( )
(a) 3% (b) 97% (c) 49% (d) 25%
26. Co2 is transported - ( )
(a) By RBC (b) As bicarbonates (c) In a dissolved state through plasma (d) All
27. The majority of co2 is transported as - ( )
(a) Carbonates (b) Bicarbonates (c) Carbaminohaemoglobin (d) Dissolved state in blood
28. A section of an alveolus with a pulmonary capillary indicates the presence of major layers constituting
diffusion membrane- ( )
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 10
29. Match the columns - ( )
Column' 1 Column II
1. Tidal Volume A 2500 - 3000 ml of air
2. lnspiratory reserve volume B. 1000 ml of air
3. Expiratory reserve volume C. 500 ml of air
4. Residual volume D. 3400 - 4800 ml of air
5. Vital capacity E. 1200 ml of air
(a) 1 - C, 2 - D, 3 - 8, 4 - A, 5 - E
(c) 1 - C, 2 -A, 3 - D, 4 - E, 5 - 8
(b) 1 - C, 2 -A, 3 - 8, 4 - E, 5 - D
(d) 1 - E, 2 -A, 3 - 8, 4 - E, 5 – D
30. Additional muscles for forceful breathing are - ( )
(a) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
(b) Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
(c) Diaphragm and abdominal muscles
(d) External and internal intercostal muscles
31. How much amount of air is inspired or expired per minute during normal breathing by an adult man?
1. 500 ml 2. 1000 - 1100 ml 3. 6000 -8000 ml 4. 2500 - 3000 ml ( )
32. Select the correct statement. ( )
1) Expiration occurs due to contraction of external intercostal muscles.
2) Intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration.
3) Inspiration occurs when atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.
4) Expiration is initiated due to contraction of diaphragm.
33. The ventilation movements of the lungs in mammals are governed by ( )
1) muscular walls of lung 2) diaphragm
3) intercostal muscles 4) both (b) and (c)
34. Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans? ( )
1. Cigarette smoking may not lead to inflammation of bronchi.
2. Centre present in the pons region of the brain called pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the
respiratory rhythm centre.
3. Workers in grinding and stone breaking industries may suffer about Emphysema.
4. About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino haemoglobin
35. When a person breathes normally, the amount of air left in his lungs after normal expiration is represented
by ( )
(1) ERV (2) RV (3) VC (4) FRC
36. About seven percent of carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs ( )
(a) As carbamino compounds through RBC (b) In a dissolved state through the plasma
(c) As bicarbonate ions through RBC (d) As bicarbonate ions through the plasma
37. Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen. ( )

(a) Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of O 2.

(b) Partial pressure of CO2 can interfere with O2 binding with haemoglobin.

(c) Higher H+ conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.

(d) Low pCO2 in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.

38. If the thoracic wall of the lungs is punctured then ( )

A) The lungs get inflated.

B) The man dies as the lungs get collapsed.

C) The breathing rate decreases.

D) The breathing rate increases.

39. Which of the following represents a larger volume of air than is normally found in the resting tidal volume
of a human lung? ( )

A) Residual volume B) Inspiratory reserve volume

C) Expiratory reserve volume D) All of the above

40. The protein molecules that play a significant role in transport of respiratory gases are in ( )

A. Dissolved state in Plasma B. leucocytes

C. Lymph D. erythrocytes

41. Partial pressure of oxygen in the systemic veins is ( )

a) More than Alveoli b) More than systemic artery
c) Less than systemic artery d) Equals to systemic artery
42. The solubility of CO2 higher than that of O2 around ( )

a) 20 - 25 times b) 25- 35 times c) 35 - 45 times d) 45- 55 times

43. Which of the following representation is correct? ( )

a) VC - RV = TLC b) TV + FRC = VC c) IC + FRC = TLC d) All of these

44. What is homology between alveoli of lungs and villi of intestine in mammals ( )

A) Have rich supply of blood vessels and lymph ducts

B) Have ciliated epithelium.

C) Provide a large surface area.

D) Are suited for diffusion of gases.

45. 20 mm Hg Percentage saturation of O2 is ( )

1. 60 % 2. 90 % 3. 30% 4. 100 %