EXCRETION

136. Which of the following molecules is the most toxic to the cells? ( 4 )

1) NaCl 2) Urea 3) Uric acid 4)Ammonia

137. Liver (largest gland) is both secretory and excretory organ. It secretes bile. Which of the following are
major excretory products of bile? ( 3 )

1) Degraded and steroid hormones 2) Vitamins and drugs

3) Bilirubin and biliverdin 4) Cholesterol

138. Most of excretory products of bile ultimately pass out along with ( 2 )

1) Urine 2) Digestive wastes 3) Urea 4) Sweat

139. I. The human skin posseses sweat and sebaceous glands which eliminate some wastes in their secretion.

II. Sweat is waxy protective secretion having sterols, hydrocarbons and fatty acids

Ill. Sebum is an aquous fluid having NaCl, lactic acid, urea, amino acids, glucose

Which one of the above statement is correct? ( 1 )

(a) Only I (b) II and Ill (c) Only II (d)landll

140. In uremia, artificial kidney is used for removing accumulated waste products like urea by the process
called- ( 4 )

(a) Micturition (b) Haemolysis (c) Ureolelism (d) haemodialysis

141. In artificial kidney dialysing fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except ( 4 )

(a) Na+ (b) Water (c) Glucose (d) Nitrogenous wastes

142. Kidney stone is produced by ( 2 )

(a) Deposition of sand particles (b) Crystallization of Ca-oxalate

(c) Precipitation of protein (d) KCI or NaCl

143. The glomerular capillaries cause filtration of blood through ____ layers - ( 3 )

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6

144. The GFR/day in a healthy adult is - ( 2 )

(a) 5L (b)180L (c) 200 L (d) 20 L

145. Juxtaglomerular apparatus, a special sensitive cellular region is formed in - ( 4 )

(a) PCT and OCT

(b) PCT and DCT at the location of their contact

(c) PCT and loop of Henle at the location their contact

( d) DCT and afferent arteriole at the location of their contact

146. Of the filtrate, nearly how many of it is reabsorbed by the renal tubules? ( 2 )

(a) 5% (b) 99% (c) 50% (c) 25%

147. Mammals have the ability to produce ______ urine ( 2 )

(a) Hypotonic (b) Hypertonic (c) Isotonic (d) Alkaline

148. Which one plays an important role in counter current mechanism? ( 4 )

(a) Vasa recta (b) PCT (c) Loop of Henle (d) a and c

149. Under normal conditions which one is completely reabsorbed in the renal tubule? ( 4 )

(a) Urea (b) Uric acid (c) Salts (d) Glucose

150. Which substance below would probably have the lowest reabsorption rate? ( 3 )

(a) Glucose (b) Amino acids (c) Urea (d) Potassium

151. Which group possess excretory structures known as protonephridia? ( 1 )

(a) flatworms (b) earthworms (c) insects (d) vertebrates

152. Which group possess excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules? ( 3 )

(a) earthworms (b) flatworms (c) insects (d) jellyfish

153. The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule ( 4 )

(a) results from active transport.

(b) transfers large molecules as easily'as small ones.

(c) is very selective as to which sub protein sized molecules are transferred .

(d) is mainly a consequence of blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus

154. Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of ( 2 )

(a) Earthworm (b) cockroach (c) frog (d) man.

155. Which of the following statements is correct? ( 4 )

(a) The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

(b) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water.

(c) The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes.

(d) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water

156. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized ( 4 )

(a) In kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver

(b) In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys

(c) In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile

(d) In the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

157. Amount of CO2 eliminated by lungs per minute in human ( 2 )

1) 18 litres 2) 200 ml 3) 1.5 litres 4) 25-30 litres

158. Glycosuria and Ketonuria indicates ( 2 )

(a) Diabetes insipidus (b) diabetes mellitus (c) Diapedisis (d) Uremia

159. NaCl which is carried by DL of Vasa recta is retuned to interstitium of medulla through the wall of

1) AL of Henle’s loop 2) DL of Henle’s loop ( 3 )

3) AL of Vasa recta 4) PCT.

160. Column of Bertini are ( 3 )

1) Renal pyramids, formed by medulla 2) Renal pyramids, formed by cortex

3) Renal columns, formed by cortex 4) Renal columns, formed by medulla.

161. Presence of which of the following conditions in urine is indicative of Diabetes Mellitus ( 2 )
1. Uremia and Renal Calculi 2. Ketonuria and Glycosuria
3. Renal Calculi and Hyperglycaemia 4. Uremia and Ketonuria
162. Which one of the following characteristics is common both in human and adult frog? ( 4 )

A. Four chambered heart B. Internal fertilization

C. Nucleated RBCs D. Ureotelism

163. Which of the following is not a part of a nephron? ( 2 )

A. Glomerulus B. Malpighian tubules

C. Malpighian body D. Both b & c

164. Select the wrong statement from the following regarding ammonotelism. ( 2 )

A. NH3 is more toxic than urea and uric acid.

B. In fishes, NH3 is excreted through kidneys as ammonium ions.

C. NH3 is readily soluble in water.

D. Excretion of NH3 needs excess of water.

165. In nephron, a minute vessel of peritubular capillary network runs parallel to Henle’s loop forming

A. Afferent arteriole B. Efferent arteriole ( 4 )

C. Glomerulus D. Vasa recta

166. The vessel that takes blood away from the glomerulus is ( 3 )

A. Renal artery B. Renal vein

C. Efferent arteriole D. Afferent arteriole

167. The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through three layers in a sequence of

A. Endothelium → Basement membrane → Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule ( 1 )

B. Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule → Endothelium → Basement membrane

C. Basement membrane → Endothelium → Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule

D. Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule → Basement membrane → Endothelium

168. Amount of glomerular filtrate formed daily is ( 4 )

A. 125 ml B. 180 ml C. 125 ltr D. 180 ltr

169. Select the true statements regarding Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion ( 2 )

a. Tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate

b. Tubular secretion adds glucose and amino acids to blood

c. Tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate

d. Tubular reabsorption removes nitrogenous wastes from blood

A. a & b are correct B. a & c are correct

B. b & c are correct D. b & d are correct

170. Countercurrent system of kidney includes mainly ( 1 )

A. Henle’s loop & vasa recta B. PCT & DCT

C. Glomerulus D. Collecting duct

171. In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolarity highest? ( 2 )

A. End of proximal convoluted tubule

B. Tip of the loop of Henle

C. End of distal convoluted tubule

D. Beginning of distal convoluted tubule

172. Match the following columns ( 3 )

Column I Column II

a. Delivers blood to glomerulus 1. Loop of Henle

b. Carries urine to pelvis 2. Afferent arteriole

c. Collects filtrate from Bowman’s capsule 3. Collecting duct

d. Maintain high osmolarity in medullary 4. Proximal convoluted tubule

interstitium

A. a-4 b-3 c-2 d-1

B. a-3 b-1 c-4 d-2

C. a-2 b-3 c-4 d-1

D. a-2 b-3 c-1 d-4

173. How much times concentrated urine is generally produced by human kidney than the initial filtrate

formed? ( 3 )

A. 2 times B. 3 times C. 4 times D. 6 times

174. Angiotensinogen is activated to angiotensin by the action of ( 3 )

A. Aldosterone B. Rennin C. Renin D. ANF

175. A person passes much urine and drinks much water but his blood glucose level is normal. This may be due
to ( 2 )

A. Reduction of insulin secretion from pancreas

B. Reduction of vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary

C. Fall in glucose concentration in urine

D. Increase in secretion of glucagon

176. Accumulation of urea in blood is called ( 1 )

A. Uremia B. Ketonuria C. Glycosuria D. Hyperglycemia

177. Which of the following statements is wrong in relation to haemodialysis? ( 4 )

A. The dialyzing unit contains a coiled cellophane tube surrounded by dialyzing fluid

B. The dialyzing fluid has same composition of blood plasma except the nitrogenous wastes

C. The cleared blood is pumped back to the body after adding anti-heparin to it

D. Blood drained from a convenient vein is pumped into dialyzing unit after adding an anticoagulant
178. Which of the following is not an accessory excretory organ in human? ( 3 )

A. Skin B. Liver C. Heart D. Lungs

179. Defaecation is ( 4 )

1) Involuntary process 2) voluntary process 3) mass peristaltic movement4) B & C

180. How many times can human urine be concentrated in counter-current mechanism? ( 1 )
1) Four times 2) Five times 3) Three times 4) Two times