SSM College of Engineerin1

SSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DIVAR, PARIHASPORA PATTAN
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT
GROUP NO. 1802
“SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF A MULTI-STOREY
BUILDING WITH FLOATING COLUMNS USING
ETAB”
Submitted by
AAQIB FAROOQ 7683
TASADUQ ROUFF 7653
MOHUMMAD YAMEEN BHAT 7671
HISHMA ZAHOOR 7645
SSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
VALIDITY CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled “SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF
MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH FLOATING COLUMN
USING ETABS” submitted by GROUP NO. 1802 is an Authentic
work carried out by them our supervision and guidance.
This is certifying that the above mentioned students have completed

their project successfully and its acceptance in its present form.
Submitted by
Aaqib Farooq 7683
Tasaduq rouff 7653
Mohummad yameen bhat 7671
Hishma Zahoor 7645
PRINCIPAL HEAD OF DEPARTMENT INTERNAL GUIDE

ER. Shabina Masoodi DR. Ghulam Mohi-ud-din R
Declaration
We hereby declare that this project report on “seismic analysis of a

multi-storey building with floating column using etabs”
submitted by group no.1802 to department of civil engineering, is a
result of team work under the supreme guidance of dr. Ghulam
mohi-ud-din rather.
We further declare that this project is not a copy work, as it

has not been submitted anywhere else for this purpose.
Aaqib Farooq 7683
Tasaduq rouff 7653
Mohummad yameen bhat 7671
Hishma Zahoor 7645

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebted to our

elite guide Dr. Ghulam Mohi-ud-din Rather and mentor Dr.
Sagadevan R. under whom guidance this project has been
completed successfully. We are fortunate enough to get the
invaluable opportunity of doing project under the able guidance of
our esteemed and erudite. We are thankful for his persistent interest,
constant encouragement, vigilant supervision and critical
evaluation. His encouraging attitude has always been a source of
inspiration for us. His helping nature, invaluable suggestions and
scholastic guidance are culminated in the form of present work.
Finally, by no means least, we thank Almighty Allah for all the

things Allah has given us and for the things to be given in future.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Analysis and Design of structure
 Objectives
 Positioning and orientation of columns
 Positioning of beams
 Methodology
 Results of analysis
 Design
 Comparison with conventional building
 Foundation
 Conclusion
 References
SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH FLOATING COLUMN USING ETABS
ABSTRACT
In Present scenario buildings either commercial or residential of
higher occupancies need a wide amount of space for parking at
ground floor levels, for the parking space needs the columns
shouldn’t be spaced nearly. Avoiding of columns will impact severe
effect on the performance of the building. To avoid this type of
Performance failure of structures, Floating columns are introduced
in Buildings. The Floating columns are mainly laid and supported
over the beams. In recent days, the floating columns are also using
for structural appearance of buildings. To avoid the structural failure
due to Floating Columns whenever there is a sudden impact of
seismic waves occurs, it should be analyzed for seismic loads before
its construction. In our design work, the floating columns are
analyzed for seismic zone – V using ETABS Software and is
compared with the building with and without floating column for
Base Shear, Time Periods, Storey Displacements, Storey drifts of
each floor, as per IS Codal Recommendations.
1|Page
Chapter1
INTRODUCTION
Many urban multistorey buildings in India today have open first
storey as an unavoidable feature. This is primarily being adopted to
accommodate parking or reception lobbies in the first storey.
Whereas the total seismic base shear as experienced by a building
during an earthquake is dependent on its natural period, the seismic
force distribution is dependent on the distribution of stiffness and
mass along the height. The behavior of a building during
earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and
geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces are carried to the
ground. The earthquake forces developed at different floor levels in
a building need to be brought down along the height to the ground
by the shortest path; any deviation or discontinuity in this load
transfer path results in poor performance of the building. Buildings
with vertical setbacks (like the hotel buildings with a few storey
wider than the rest) cause a sudden jump in earthquake forces at the
level of discontinuity. Buildings that have fewer columns or walls in
a particular storey or with unusually tall storey tend to damage or
collapse which is initiated in that storey. Many buildings with an
open ground storey intended for parking collapsed or were severely
damaged in Gujarat during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake. Buildings
with columns that hang or float on beams at an intermediate storey
and do not go all the way to the foundation, have discontinuities in

the load transfer path.
What is floating column
A column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from

foundation level and transferring the load to the ground. The term
floating column is also a vertical element which (due to
architectural design/ site situation) at its lower level (termination
Level) rests on a beam which is a horizontal member. The beams in
turn transfer the load to other columns below it.
There are many projects in which floating columns are adopted,

especially above the ground floor, where transfer girders are
employed, so that more open space is available in the ground floor.
These open spaces may be required for assembly hall or parking
purpose. The transfer girders have to be designed and detailed
properly, especially in earth quake zones. The column is a
concentrated load on the beam which supports it. As far as analysis
is concerned, the column is often assumed pinned at the base and is
therefore taken as a point load on the transfer beam. ETABS and
SAP2000 can be used to do the analysis of this SEISMIC
ANALYSIS OF A MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH
FLOATING COLUMN USING ETABS type of structure. Floating
columns are competent enough to carry gravity loading but transfer
girder must be of adequate dimensions (Stiffness) with very
minimal deflection. Looking ahead, of course, one will continue to
make buildings interesting rather than monotonous. However, this
need not be done at the cost of poor behavior and earthquake safety
of buildings. Architectural features that are detrimental to
earthquake response of buildings should be avoided. If not, they
must be minimized. When irregular features are included in
buildings, a considerably higher level of engineering effort is
required in the structural design and yet the building may not be as
good as one with simple architectural features. Hence, the structures
already made with these kinds of discontinuous members are

endangered in seismic regions. But those structures cannot be
demolished, rather study can be done to strengthen the structure or
some remedial features can be suggested. The columns of the first
storey can be made stronger, the stiffness of these columns can be
increased by retrofitting or these may be provided with bracing to
decrease the lateral deformation.
Some pictures showing the buildings built with floating

columns:
Objectives
1. The objective of the present work is to study the behavior of

multistory buildings with floating columns under earthquake
excitations.
2. The main objective of this project is to understand the building
design, forces that acts on the building during its intended time
period and various other aspects of the building design.
3. To study and learn E-TABS software.
4. To analyze and design G+5 building using E-TABS software.
5. To prepare the 3D model of the structure using E-TABS
Software for detailed.
6. Analysis and design.
7. To understand the parameters that influence design for beams,
columns, slabs and other structural components.
8. To design structural components like beam, column, stairs and
slabs manually.
Analysis and Design of structures
Any type of structure, may it be building, bridge, dam, aqueduct etc.

Involves two main processes 'Analysis' Followed by 'Design'.
ANALYSIS
This process involves understanding the forces that will act on the
structure during its intended life time and the response that the
structure will give to these forces, which will be in the form of
deflections and deformations. The process of analysis gives the
results in the form of moments, shear forces, axial forces,
deformations, deflections, and displacements etc. of the various
components of the structure. In general analysis of a structure
conveys us how a structure will behave under the Influence of
external loads and its self-weight.
Design:
After obtaining the results from the analysis about the behavior of
the building, the process of designing is initiated. In designing we
calculate the amount of steel, grade of concrete to be used, and

dimensioning of the various components of the structure to with
stand the forces effectively that are obtained using the analysis
process and limit them with the prescribed limits as per the relevant
codes.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE’S USED IN

TRAINING
ETABS 2018:
ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story

building analysis and design. Modeling tools and templates, code-
based load prescriptions, analysis methods and solution techniques,
all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of
structure. Basic or advanced systems under static or dynamic
conditions may be evaluated using ETABS. For a sophisticated
assessment of seismic performance, modal and direct-integration
time-history analyses may couple with P-Delta and Large
Displacement effects. Nonlinear links and concentrated PMM or
fiber hinges may capture material nonlinearity under monotonic or
hysteretic behavior. Intuitive and integrated features make
applications of any complexity practical to implement.
Interoperability with a series of design and documentation platforms
makes ETABS a coordinated and productive tool for designs which

range from simple 2D frames to elaborate modern high-rises. The
innovative and revolutionary new ETABS is the ultimate integrated
software package for the structural analysis and design of buildings.
Incorporating 40 years of continuous research and development, this
latest ETABS offers unmatched 3D object based modelling and
visualization tools, blazingly fast linear and nonlinear analytical
power, sophisticated and comprehensive design capabilities for a
wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic displays, reports,
and schematic drawings that allow users to quickly and easily
decipher and understand analysis and design results. From the start
of design conception through the production of schematic drawings,
ETABS integrates every aspect of the engineering design process.
Creation of models has never been easier - intuitive drawing
commands allow for the rapid generation of floor and elevation
framing. CAD drawings can be converted directly into ETABS
models or used as templates onto which ETABS objects may be
overlaid. The state-ofthe-art SAP Fire 64-bit solver allows
extremely large and complex models to be rapidly analyzed, and
supports nonlinear modelling techniques such as construction
sequencing and time effects (e.g., creep and shrinkage). Design of
steel and concrete frames (with automated optimization), composite
beams, composite columns, steel joists, and concrete and masonry
shear walls is included, as is the capacity check for steel

connections and base plates. Models may be realistically rendered,
and all results can be shown directly on the structure.
Comprehensive and customizable reports are available for all
analysis and design output, and schematic construction drawings of
framing plans, schedules, details, and cross-sections may be
generated for concrete and steel structures. ETABS provides an
unequalled suite of tools for structural engineers designing
buildings, whether they are working on one-story industrial
structures or the tallest commercial high-rises. Immensely capable,
yet easy-to-use, has been the hallmark of ETABS since its
introduction decades ago, and this latest release continues that
tradition by providing engineers with the technologically advanced,
yet intuitive, software they require to be their most productive.
Autocad 2018
All the drawing and detailing works for this training were done by
making use of AutoCAD 2007, developed by M/s. AUTODESK,
USA. As such, this is the pioneering software in CAD. AutoCAD is
a vector graphics drawing program. It uses primitive entities such as
lines, poly-lines, circles, arcs and text as the foundation for more
complex objects. AutoCAD’s native file format, DWG, and to a
lesser extent, its interchange file format, DXF has become the
standards for interchange of CAD data.
Chapter2
MODELLING IN ETABS
2.1 Importing of floor plan from Auto cad
Steps to import and trace
1. In order to import your DWG, you will need to use the full
version of AutoCAD (not LT).
2. Make sure all elements in the CAD drawing are exploded prior to
import; if the program finds Blocks it will return an error. It is also
good practice to clean up the file of any unnecessary
layers/elements irrelevant to structural plans
3. Elements in layers "0" or "Def points" will not be imported.
4. The DWG cannot be open in a CAD program.
5. Use File > Import > DXF/DWG File of Architectural Plan.
6. Choose coordinates, story level in the model to be imported,

scale, location and options to elements to be neglected when
creating centre lines as explained above. Maximum distance
between parallel lines is very important specially when creating

walls, this value should be set to approximately the maximum wall
thickness or beam width in the plan.
7. Layers can be turned on and off in order to facilitate tracing of

elements.
2.2 Position and orientation of columns
Following are some of the guiding principles which help in

deciding the column positions Positioning of column:
1. Columns should preferably be located at or near the corners of a

building, and at the intersections of beams/walls
2. Select the position of columns so as to reduce bending moments

in beams.
3. Avoid large span of beams.
4. Avoid larger centre-to-centre distance between columns.
5. Edge and corner columns to be located at minimum distance from

property line so that footing can avoid eccentricity.
Orientation of columns:
Normally, columns provided in a building are rectangular with

width of the column. not less than the width of the supported beam
for effective load transfer. Restriction on the width of column
necessitates the depth of column to be larger to get the desired load
carrying capacity. This leads to the problem of orientation of such
rectangular columns for which the following important points
should be noted:
1. The axis of bending is a traverse axis perpendicular to the plane

of bending.
2. The plane of bending is a plane of the frame or a member in

which loads and longitudinal axis lie and in which deflection profile
can be seen.
3. The unsupported length of the member is the length of the

member contained in the plane of bending. The effective length of
the column is a function of unsupported length.
4. The major axis of bending x-x is taken as an axis bisecting the

depth of the column or in other words the depth of the column is
contained in the plane of bending.
5. The properties viz. moment of inertia, deflection, stiffness are

calculated about the axis of bending.
Position of columns and the column layout so obtained is shown in the

figures:
2.3 Positioning of beams:
Following are some of the guiding principles for positioning of

beams:
1) Beam shall normally be provided under the walls or below a

heavy concentrated load to avoid this load directly coming on slabs.
2) Avoid larger spacing of beams from deflection and cracking

criteria (the defection varies directly with the cube of the span and
inversely with the cube of the depth i.e. L3/D', consequently
increase in span L which result in greater deflection for larger span
3) Spanning of slabs: This is decided by supporting arrangements.

When the support is only on opposite edges or only in one direction,
then the slab act as one way supported slab. When the rectangular
slab is supported along its four edges it acts as a one-way slab when
Ly/Lx<2.
Chapter 2
1. After studying the architectural plan carefully. The structure

layout i.e. column layout and beam layout of each floor is drawn in
AUTOCAD.
2. A building model is created with all the necessary specifications

such as beam dimensions, column dimensions, slab thickness,
loading etc. the building specifications are as follows:
Overall height of building = 18m
Beam dimensions = 300x300 mm
Column dimensions 400x400, 300x300 mm
Slab thickness 150mm
Grade of concrete (M30)
Grade of steel = fe500
Soil type 2
Seismic zone = 5th

Step-1: Defining of property
Here we had first defined the material property by selecting define

menu material properties. We add new material for our structural
components (beams, columns, slabs) by giving the specified details
in defining. After that we define section size by selecting frame
sections as shown below & added the required section for beams,
columns etc.
Beam details
Beam No. Size `
Beam 1 300x300mm
Column details
Column No. Size
Column 1 300x300mm
Column 2 400x400mm
Slab details
Property Thickness
1-way 150mm
2-way 150mm
Step-2: Assigning of property
After defining the property, we have to draw the structural

components using command menu > Draw line for beam for beams
and create columns in region
Step-3: Assigning of Supports
By keeping the plan at the base of the structure and selecting all the
columns supports are assigned by using assign menu > joint\frame
>Restraints (supports) >fixed.
3d +2d view of g+5 building with floating column

3d+2d view of g+5 conventional building
Step-4: Defining of loads
The loads in ETABS are defined as using static load cases command
in define menu. In the Load Cases dead load of wall (230mm thick)
8KN/m, floor finish of 2KN/m2 was defined. All the live loads on
slabs were defines as per 15 875 (part 2):1987.
Wall load calculation:
Wall load = thickness of wall x height of wall x unit of material

used Wall load=0.23x2.45x19.2 Wall load=9.8KN/m
For outer wall deduction of 15% is made (for windows opening)

Outer wall load= 8KN/m
Elevation of model showing assigned wall loads
3d elevation of model showing assigned wall load
Dead load
Dead loads, also known as permanent or static loads, are those that
remain relatively constant over time and comprise, for example, the
weight of a building’s structural elements, such as beams, walls,
roof and structural flooring components. Dead loads may also
include permanent non-structural partitions, immovable fixtures and

even built-in cupboards. Dead loads comprise the weight of the
structure or other fixed elements before any live loads are taken into
consideration. Live loads are added to the dead load to give the total
loading exerted on the structure.
Floor finish = 2 kN/m2 (as per IS 875 part 1)
Total floor load = 2 kN/m2
Plan of model showing assigned dead loads on slab

3d-model showing assigned dead loads on slab

Live Load
They are also known as imposed loads and consist of all loads other
than the dead loads of the structure. The standard values are
stipulated in IS875:1987 (part II). The live loads considered are
given in table. The assigned live load on ground floor in E-tabs will
be as shown in the figure
AREA LIVE LOAD (KN/m^2)
All rooms 3
Toilet and bathroom 3
Corridors, passages, stair cases 4
SCOPE
1. This standard (Part 2) covers imposed loads'" (live loads) to be

assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads specified
herein, are minimum loads which should be taken into consideration
for the purpose of structural of buildings.
2. This Code does not cover detailed for loads incidental to

construction cases of vibration, such as acceleration from cranes,
like. Such loads shall be dealt in each case.
Plan of model showing assigned live loads on slab

3d-model showing assigned live loads on slab
Step-5: Assigning of wind loads
Wind loads are defined and assigned as per IS 875-1987 PART 3 by

giving Basic wind speed Vb(m/s), Windward Coefficient(Cp),
Leeward Coefficient(Cp), Terrain Category, Structure Class, Risk
Coefficient (K1 factor) and Topography (K3 factor). Following
values of wind exposure parameters are taken in our case.
SCOPE
1. This standard gives wind forces and their effects (static and
dynamic) that should be taken into account when designing
buildings, structures and components thereof.
2. It is believed that ultimately wind load estimation will be made

by taking into account the random variation of wind speed with time
but available theoretical methods have not matured sufficiently at
present for use in the code. For this season, static wind method of
load estimation which implies a steady wind speed, which has
proved to be satisfactory for normal, short and heavy structures.
However, a beginning has been made to take account of the random

nature of the wind speed by requiring that the along-wind or drag
load on structures which are prone to wind induced oscillations, be
also determined by the gust factor method and the more severe of
the two
estimates be taken for design.
A large majority of structures met with in practice do not however,

suffer wind induced oscillations and generally do not require to be
examined for the dynamic effects of wind, including use of gust
factor method, Nevertheless, there are various types of structures or
their components such as some tall buildings, chimneys, latticed
towers, cooling towers, transmission towers, guyed masts,
communication towers, long span bridges, partially or completely
solid faced antenna dish, etc, which require investigation of wind
induced oscillations.
3. This code also applies to buildings or other structures during

erection/construction and the same shall be considered carefully
during various stages of erection/construction. In locations where
the strongest winds and icing may occur simultaneously, loads on
structural members, cables and ropes shall be calculated by
assuming an ice covering based on climatic and local experience.
4. In the design of special structures, such as chimneys, overhead

transmission line towers, etc, specific requirements as specified in
the respective codes shall be adopted in conjunction with the
provisions of this code as far as they are applicable.
Basic wind speed Vb ( m/s) 39

Windward Coefficient (Cp) 0.8
Leeward Coefficient (Cp) 0.5
Terrain Category 2
Structure Class C
Risk Coefficient (K1 factor) 1
Topography (K3 factor) 1
Wind forces acting on joints of the structure
Seismic loading
Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake

engineering which means application of an earthquake-generated
agitation to a structure. It happens at contact surfaces of a structure
either with the ground or with adjacent structures, or with gravity
waves from tsunami.
Seismic loading depends, primarily, on:
1. Anticipated earthquake's parameters at the site - known as seismic

hazard
2. Geotechnical parameters of the site.
3. Structure's parameters
4. Characteristics of the anticipated gravity waves from tsunami (if

applicable).
Sometimes, seismic load exceeds ability of a structure to resist it

without being broken, partially or completely Due to their mutual
interaction, seismic loading and seismic performance of a structure
are intimately related.
Step-6: Assigning of seismic loads
Seismic loads are defined and assigned as per IS 1893: 2016 by

giving zone factor, soil type, and response reduction factor,
importance factor and time period is calculated manually using
following expression
0.09 h
T a=
√d
Following seismic factors are assigned in our case
Zone factor 0.36 (zone v)

Soil type 2nd
Response reduction factor 5
Importance factor 1
Time period 0.37(in x-dir), 0.286(in y-dir)
METHOD OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and the calculation

of the response of a building structure to earthquake. It is a part of
the process of structural design, earthquake engineering or structural
assessment in region where earthquake is prevalent. A building has
the potential to ‘wave back and forth during an earthquake (or even
a severe wind storm). This is ‘fundamental mode’ and is the lowest
frequency of building response. most building, however higher
modes of response, which are uniquely activated during earthquake
Effects of design earthquake loads applied on

structures can be considered in two ways, namely:
a) Equivalent static method, and
b) Dynamic analysis method. In turn, dynamic analysis can be

performed in threeways, namely:
1) Response spectrum method,
2) Modal time history method, and
3) Time history method.
 Response Spectrum Method

A response spectrum is plot of a curves which represent peak or

steady state response i,e displacement velocity, acceleration of
SDOF system subjected to specified earth quake ground motion and
its time period or frequency. Response spectrum describes the
maximum or peak response of SDOF system to a Particular input
motion dependent on damping ratio. SDOF system response is
evaluated by time domain or frequency domain analysis for a given
time period of a system, maximum response is taken. This process is
repeated for all range of possible time period of SDOF system. Final
plot with system time period on X – axis and response quantity on
Y-axis is the required response spectra pertaining to specified
damping ratio and input ground motion. Same process is carried
with different damping ratio to obtain overall response spectra
Step-7: Assigning load combination
Design of the structures would have become highly expensive in

order to maintain either serviceability and safety if all types of
forces would have acted on all structures at all times. Accordingly,
the concept of characteristics loads has been accepted to ensure at
least 95 percent of the cases, the characteristic loads are to be
calculated on the basis of average/mean load of some logical
combinations of all loads mentioned above. IS 456:2000, IS
875:1987 (Part-V) and IS1893(Part-I):2002 stipulates the
combination of the loads to be considered in the design of the
structures. The different combinations used are:
S.NO Un factored factored

DL+LL 1.5(DL+LL)
2 DL+LL+WLX 1.2(DL+LL+WLX)
3 DL+LL-WLX 1.2(DL+LL-WLX)
4 DL+LL+WLY 1.2(DL+LL+WLY)
5 DL+LL-WLY 1.2(DL+LL-WLY)
6 DL+LL+EQX 1.2(DL+LL+EQX)
7 DL+LL-EQX 1.2(DL+LL-EQX)
8 DL+LL+EQY 1.2(DL+LL+EQY)
9 DL+LL-EQY 1.2(DL+LL-EQY)
10 DL+EQX 1.5(DL+EQX)
11 DL-EQX 1.5(DL-EQX)
12 DL+EQY 1.5(DL+EQY)
13 DL-EQY 1.5(DL-EQY)
14 DL+EQX (0.9DL+1.5EQX)
15 DL-EQX (0.9DL-1.5EQX)
16 DL+EQY (0.9DL+1.5EQY)
17 DL-EQY (0.9DL-1.5EQY)
Step-7: Analysis
The structure was analyzed as ordinary moment resisting space

frames in the versatile software E-tabs 2018. Joint coordinate
command allows specifying and generating the coordinates of the
joints of the structure, initiating the specifications of the structure.

Member incidence command is used to specify the members by
defining connectivity between joints. The columns and beams are
modelled using beam elements. Member properties have to be
specified for each member. From the analysis, maximum design
loads, moments and shear on each member was obtained. From
these values, we design the structure.
Deformed 3d view after analysis

Revised deformed 3d view after analysis
Deformed 3d view of conventional building after

analysis
Deformed 2d view after analysis
Step-9: Design
Once after the analysis is over design of the structural elements was
done as per IS 456:2000 guidelines. For this go to Design menu
>concrete design >select design combo. After this again go to
design menu >concrete frame design >start design check of
structure then ETABS performs the design for every The aim of
structural design is to achieve an acceptable probability that the
structure being designed will perform the function for which it is
created and will safely withstand the influence that will act on it
throughout its useful life. These influences are primarily the loads
and the other forces to which it will be subjected. The effects of
temperature fluctuations, foundation settlements etc. should be also
considered. The design methods used for the design of reinforced
concrete structures are working stress method, ultimate load method
and limit state method. Here we have adopted the limit state method
of design for slabs, beams, columns and stairs. In the limit state
method, the structure is designed to withstand safely all loads liable
to act on it through its life and also to satisfy the serviceability
requirements, such as limitation to deflection and cracking. The
acceptable limit of safety and serviceability requirements before
failure is called limit state. All the relevant limit states should be
considered in the design to ensure adequate degrees of safety and
serviceability. The structure should be designed on the basis of most
critical state and then checked for other limit states.
The design of a structure must satisfy three basic requirements:
• Stability –
To prevent overturning, sliding or buckling of the structure, or part

of it, under the action of loads.
• Strength –
To resist safely the stresses induced by the loads in the various

structural members.
• Serviceability –
To ensure satisfactory performance under service load conditions

which implies providing adequate stiffness and reinforcement to
contain deflections, crack widths and vibrations within acceptable

limits, and also providing permeability and durability.
Design value of beams/ columns in 2d

Design value of beams/ columns in 3d
Results of Analysis
Shear force and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used
in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural
design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment
at a given point of a structural element such as a beam. Shear force
diagrams of structure are shown below
Bending moment diagram of whole 3d structure
Bending moment diagram of 2d plan

Shear force diagram of 2d plan
Comparison of two buildings with and without floating

column
Here for this Case Study, we have considered a G+5 Storey

Building with and without Floating Columns. The Building was
analyzed for the Seismic experiences by introducing the floating
columns concept and the test results were compared with the
Normal Building. The Building was located in the Earthquake Zone
– V as per the Seismic Zoning Map of India and the Soil Structure
Considered was Moderate (Zone – II) as per IS Code. As the Load
from the Floating Column acts as a point load, the section properties
of the lower stories needs to be increased. So for that either we have
to change the section properties or material properties of section.
But here in this case study, we haven’t modified the material
properties of the Building, instead of changing the material
properties we changed the section properties of building.
Model A
Model B
Two Models in the same plan are considered to analysis the

Building for seismic analysis.
 Model – A: Normal Building
 Model – B: Building with Floating Columns
Preliminary Data of Building

No. of stories G+5

Height of Each Storey 3m
Height of bottom Storey 3m
Column Dimensions (300x300), (400x400) mm
Beam Dimensions (300x300), (450x300) mm
Thickness of Slab 150mm
Thickness of Outer Wall 230mm
Thickness of Inner Wall 115mm
Seismic Zone and Factor V, 0.36
Type of Soil Medium II
Importance Factor 1
Response reduction Factor 5
Live Loads onto Slabs 3Kn/m^2
Floor finish onto Slabs 2Kn/m^2
Grade of Concrete M30
Grade of Steel Fe500
EXPERIMENTAL RESULUTS
Base Shear:
Base shear is an estimate of the maximum expected lateral force on

the base of the structure due to seismic activity.
Base Shear check is an important check to be confirm that the Etabs

model is Accurate for Applied Loading.
The variation in base shear due to introduction of floating columns

in base at different locations are tabulated in Table 1
The Base Shear is about to increase by 2.86% - 3.75% for Model
Model X-DIRECTION BASE Y-DIRECTION BASE

SHEAR (kN) SHEAR (kN)
MODEL-A 1330.12 1364.93
MODEL-B 1380.07 1403.99
–B, when compared to Model–A
TABLE 1 BASE SHEAR FOR MODELS

Time Period of Earthquake:
The time taken by the wave to complete one cycle of motion is

called period of the earthquake wave. In general, earthquake
shaking of the ground has waves whose periods vary in the range
0.03-33sec.The variation in Time Periods due to introduction of
floating columns in Building at different locations are tabulated in
Table 2.
The Time Periods is about to decrease by 0.50% - 1.10 for Model –

B, when compared to Model–A
Model–B Model–A
Storey Displacements:
Storey displacement is the lateral movement of the structure caused

by lateral force. The deflected shape of a structure is most important
and most clearly visible point of comparison for any structure. The
results variation of storey displacement due to different location of
floating columns are tabulated in table no 3.
The Storey Displacements are about to increase by 5.27% in Global

– X Direction and Reduced about 40.14% in Global – Y Direction
for Model – B when compared to Model – A
Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement
Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a
selected load case or load combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp9
Display Type Max story displacement Story Range All Stories
Modal Case Modal Top Story Story6
Mode Number 1 Bottom Story Base
Tabulated Plot Coordinates
Story Response Values

Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
Story6 18 Top 0.033 1.292E-04
Story5 15 Top 0.027 3.239E-04
Story4 12 Top 0.02 2.583E-04
Story3 9 Top 0.013 1.941E-04
Story2 6 Top 0.007 1.284E-04
Story1 3 Top 0.003 1.565E-04
Base 0 Top 0 0
Model A
Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement
Summary Description
This is story response output for a specified range of stories and a
selected load case or load combination.
Input Data
Name StoryResp9
Display Type Max story displacement Story Range All Stories
Modal Case Modal Top Story Story6
Mode Number 1 Bottom Story Base
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m mm mm
Story Response Values
Story6 18 Top 0.033 0.007
Story5 15 Top 0.027 0.006
Story4 12 Top 0.02 0.004
Story3 9 Top 0.013 0.003
Story2 6 Top 0.007 0.002
Story1 3 Top 0.002 0.001
Base 0 Top 0 0
Model B
Base Reactions
Base shear is the sum of the shear forces at the ground-storey

elements whilst the base reaction is the sum of the horizontal
reactions at the supports.
Base reactions of a multi-storey building in zone V
Foundation
Foundation is the lowermost structure in any building, it will

transfer the load from superstructure to the soil (substructure). There
would have been no need of foundation if the soil is good in shear.
The column would have been sufficient. But column punches
(settles or goes inside soil) because of a small perimeter. So, the
foundation is provided just to increase perimeter so that load is
distributed over a large area.
Types of Foundation
Shallows Foundations
Deep Foundations
Shallows Foundations-
Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground

surface; generally where the founding depth (Df) is less than the
width of the footing and less than 3m. These are not strict rules, but
merely guidelines: basically, if surface loading or other surface
conditions will affect the bearing capacity of a foundation it is

‘shallow’.
Shallows foundations are used when surface soils are sufficiently

strong and stiff to support the imposed loads; they are generally
unsuitable in weak or highly compressible soils, such as poorly-
compacted fill, peat, recent lacustrine and alluvial deposits, etc.
Shallow Foundation Types-
A-Isolated :- used to support single columns. This is one of the

most economical types of footings and is used when columns are
spaced at relatively long distances.
B-Combined :- usually support two columns, or three columns not

in a row. Combined footings are used when tow columns are so
close that single footings cannot be used or when one column is
located at or near a property.
Cantilever or strap footings :- consist of two single footings

connected with a beam or a strap and support two single columns.
This type replaces a combined footing and is more economical.
Continuous footings:- support a row of three or more columns.

They have limited width and continue under all columns.
Wall Footings:- are used to support structural walls that carry loads
for other floors or to support nonstructural walls.
Mat (Raft) footings (Thickened slabs):- consists of one footing

usually placed under the entire building area. They are used, when
soil bearing capacity is low, column loads are heavy single footings
cannot be used, piles are not used and differential settlement must
be reduced.
Raft foundations are used to spread the load from a structure over a
large area, normally the entire area of the structure. They are used
when column loads or other structural loads are close together and
individual pad foundations would interact.
A raft foundation normally consists of a concrete slab which

extends over the entire loaded area. It may be stiffened by ribs or
beams incorporated into the foundation.
Raft foundations have the advantage of reducing differential

settlements as the concrete slab resists differential movements
between loading positions. They are often needed on soft or loose
soils with low bearing capacity as they can spread the loads over a
larger area.
Deep Foundations-
Deep foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished
ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected by
surface conditions, this is usually at depths >3 m below finished
ground level. Deep foundations can be used to transfer the loading
to a deeper, more competent strata at depth if unsuitable soils are

present near the surface.
Deep foundations are used when there are weak (“bad”) soils near
the surface or when loads are very high, such as very large
skyscrapers.
Deep foundations derive their support from deeper soils or bedrock.
Common Types of Deep Foundations are:
1 Pile foundations
2 Piers
3 Caissons
4 Compensated foundations
Raft Foundation
E-tabs results
Shell Assignments
Conclusion
In the Present study, an attempt has been made to compare the
seismic response of multi - storied building with floating columns
introduced at different locations of the Building. For this purpose a
Multi – Storied Building was considered for analysis point of view.
 From the results, the base shear for Model – B is quite just
High as compared to Model – A
 The Displacements for the Model – B is very high when
compared to Model – A because of its flexibility when the
Model is subjected to Earthquake excitations and Wind forces,
the Displacements in the building will increase.
 Storey Drifts are also lesser in Percentages for Model – A
when compared to Model – B.
 Time Period of execration is High for Model – B as the Time
Periods for the Model – A.
 Usage of ETABS software minimizes the time required for
analysis and design.
REFRENCES
[1]. Limit State Theory And Design Of Reinforced Concrete- Dr. V.
L. Shah and Dr. S. R.Karve
[2]. Theory of Structures- S Ramamrutham.
[3]. Limit State Design- Dr. Ramchandra
[4]. IS. 456: 2000, Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced Concrete -
Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[5]. IS: 875 (Part I) - 1987, Indian Standard Code of Practice for
Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) (Dead Loads) for Buildings
and Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[6]. IS: 875 (Part 2) - 1987, Indian Standard Code of Practice for
Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) (Imposed Loads) for
Buildings and Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[7]. IS: 875 (Part 3) - 1987, Indian Standard Code of practice for
design loads (other than earthquake) (Wind Loads) for buildings and
structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[8]. IS: 875 (part 4) – 1987, I Indian Standard Code of practice

for snow loads.
[9]. IS: 875 (part 5) – 1987, Indian Standard Code of practice for
load combinations.
[10]. IS 1893: 2016 , Indian Standard Code of practice for seismic

load.

SSM College of Engineerin1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SSM College of Engineerin1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DIVAR, PARIHASPORA PATTAN

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

This is certifying that the above mentioned students have completed

Aaqib Farooq 7683

Tasaduq rouff 7653

Mohummad yameen bhat 7671

Hishma Zahoor 7645

PRINCIPAL HEAD OF DEPARTMENT INTERNAL GUIDE

We hereby declare that this project report on “seismic analysis of a

We further declare that this project is not a copy work, as it

Aaqib Farooq 7683

Tasaduq rouff 7653

Mohummad yameen bhat 7671

Hishma Zahoor 7645

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebted to our

Finally, by no means least, we thank Almighty Allah for all the

and do not go all the way to the foundation, have discontinuities in

What is floating column

A column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from

There are many projects in which floating columns are adopted,

already made with these kinds of discontinuous members are

Some pictures showing the buildings built with floating

1. The objective of the present work is to study the behavior of

Analysis and Design of structures

Any type of structure, may it be building, bridge, dam, aqueduct etc.

calculate the amount of steel, grade of concrete to be used, and

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE’S USED IN

ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story

makes ETABS a coordinated and productive tool for designs which

shear walls is included, as is the capacity check for steel

2.1 Importing of floor plan from Auto cad

Steps to import and trace

3. Elements in layers "0" or "Def points" will not be imported.

4. The DWG cannot be open in a CAD program.

5. Use File > Import > DXF/DWG File of Architectural Plan.

6. Choose coordinates, story level in the model to be imported,

between parallel lines is very important specially when creating

7. Layers can be turned on and off in order to facilitate tracing of

2.2 Position and orientation of columns

Following are some of the guiding principles which help in

1. Columns should preferably be located at or near the corners of a

2. Select the position of columns so as to reduce bending moments

3. Avoid large span of beams.

4. Avoid larger centre-to-centre distance between columns.

5. Edge and corner columns to be located at minimum distance from

Normally, columns provided in a building are rectangular with

1. The axis of bending is a traverse axis perpendicular to the plane

2. The plane of bending is a plane of the frame or a member in

3. The unsupported length of the member is the length of the

4. The major axis of bending x-x is taken as an axis bisecting the

5. The properties viz. moment of inertia, deflection, stiffness are

Position of columns and the column layout so obtained is shown in the

2.3 Positioning of beams:

Following are some of the guiding principles for positioning of

1) Beam shall normally be provided under the walls or below a

2) Avoid larger spacing of beams from deflection and cracking

3) Spanning of slabs: This is decided by supporting arrangements.

1. After studying the architectural plan carefully. The structure

2. A building model is created with all the necessary specifications

Overall height of building = 18m

Beam dimensions = 300x300 mm