University of La Salette, Incorporated

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Dubinan East , Santiago City-3311, Philippines
A.Y 2022-2023

I. Competencies
1. Determine the truth value of propositions
2. Illustrate different types of tautologies and fallacies
3. Apply the Rules of Replacement and Rules of Interference to construct logical
equivalence.

II. Instructional Materials and other Resources

Books:
De Guzman, Danilo. General Mathematics: for Senior High School. 1st ed., Mutya, 2016
Dimasuay, Lynie. General Mathematics: for Senior High School. Rev. ed,. C&E, 2021

III. Instructional Procedures

Day 1: November 21-22, 2022

Topic: Truth Value
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Eliciting prior knowledge
The teacher will now present a quotation and the task of the student is to answer the
following questions.
“OH, WHAT A TANGLED WEB WE WEAVE WHEN FIRST
WE PRACTICE TO DECEIVE” - Sir Walter Scott
Essential Questions:
1. Have you got into a tangle of lies when you did not tell the truth?
2. Is telling a lie easier than telling the truth?
3. How can you say that someone is telling the truth or lies?
2. Setting of learning goals and contextualizing learning
Objectives:
a. define basic terms of the truth value
b. formulate truth table in each proposition.
c. manifest excellence in answering the truth value of propositions.
Essential Question:
a. Why do we need to learn the truth value?
Transfer of task:
Cite the importance of learning truth value.
B. INTERACTION
1. Development of knowledge
The teacher will now introduce the basic terminologies of truth value
Truth Value of a compound statement can readily be tested by means of a chart or table known
as truth table
Truth table of the types of the types of propositions:

Conjunction: Disjunction: Disjunction: Conditional

p q p ∧q (exclusive) (inclusive) :
T T T p q p q p q
T F F T T T T T T
F T F T F T F T F
F F F F T F T F T
F F F F F F
 Bicondition Negation:
al: p ∼p
p q T F
T T F T
T F
F T
Questions:
F
1. How will we identify thatF a conjunction is true in the statement?
Ans: It said that conjunction has a true value if p and q are BOTH true.
2. How will we identify that an exclusive disjunction is true in a statement?
Ans: It said that disjunction has a true value if p and q are BOTH true.
3. How will we identify that an inclusive disjunction is true in a statement?
Answer: If there is both or exactly one true in a statement.
4. How will we identify that a conditional is true in a statement?
Ans: the conditional will be false if the structure is T- F =False
5. How will we identify that a biconditional is true in the statement?
Ans: It said that the biconditional is true if p and q are BOTH true and BOTH false.
6. How can we identify that a negation is true in a statement?
Ans: If p is true then negation is false, if p is false then negation is true.
Important notes: Process of starting the truth table:
Truth table will always start 1. Start with p and q table
with the p and q. 2. Negation inside the parenthesis
p q 3. Parenthesis
T T 4. Negation of the parenthesis
T F 5. Main operation
F T
F F
Example of applying the truth table in each symbol:
1. ( p ∧q) →∼ p
p q ( p ∧q) ∼p ( p ∧q) →∼ p
T T T F F
T F F F T
F T F T T
F F F T T
Process:
a. Let’s identify the types of operation the problems. Conjunction, negation and
conditional
b. What is the first thing we need to do? Start with p and q
c. Do we have negation inside the parenthesis? None
d. Do we have a parenthesis in the problem? Yes, the ( p ∧q)
e. What column are we going to base? First and second column
f. Do we negation outside the parenthesis? Yes, the ∼ p
g. What column are we going to base? The first column
h. Can we know proceed on the main operation? Yes
i. What is our main operation? ( p ∧q) →∼ p
j. What column are we going to based? The third and fourth column
2. Exploration of content and skills
“Activity 1: Find me”
A. Fill in the Blank:
Direction: Fill the missing value in the truth table.
p q p ∧q p ∨q p →q p ↔q ∼p
T F T
F T F T
F F T
 T T T T

3. Apprenticeship:
“Activity 2: Think!”
Direction: Identify the truth value of the given p and q. Write T if true and F if false.
1. ∼ q ↔( p ∨q )
Answer:
Ans:
p q ( p ∨q) ∼q ∼q ↔( p ∨q )
T T T F F
T F T T T
F T T F F
F F F T F

C. INTEGRATION
1. Assessment
A. Truth table
Direction: Construct the truth table of the symbols give:
1) ( p ∧ q)↔ ( p ∨ q)
Ans:
p q q ( p ∧ q) ( p ∨q) ( p ∨ q) ( p ∧ q)↔ (p ∨ q)

T T F F F T F
T F T T T F F
F T F F T F F
F F T F F T F

A. Valuing/Synthesis of the lesson

● Why do we need to learn the truth table? How is this important in our life?
B. Summary and conclusion
Truth Value of a compound statement can readily be tested by means of a chart
or table known as truth table.
Truth table of types of propositions:
p q p ∧q p ∨q p⊻q p →q p ↔q ∼p
T T T F T T T F
T F F T T F F F
F T F T T T F T
F F F F F T T T

C. Meta-cognition
Essential Questions:
● What is purpose of truth table?
● How do we start truth table?
● How does truth value help you in your life?

D. Assignment
a) Directions: Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1) What is conditional proposition?
2) What are the five types of conditional propositions? Write the meaning and its
symbols.

Teacher remarks:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
Prepared by:
Hannah Lauren S. Juan

Team member:
_______________________________
 Day 2: November 22-23, 2022
Topic: Conditional proposition
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Eliciting prior knowledge
The teacher will present symbols and connectives words used in propositions and the
student task is to identify what are the operations of proposition are given.
Direction: Identify what operations of propositions are given.
3) ∼
4) or
5) ↔
6) and
7) if and only if
8) ∧
9) if…then
10) not
11) ∨
12) →
Ans:
1) Negation 2) Disjunction 3) Biconditional 4) Conjunction 5) Biconditional
6) Conjunction 7) Conditional 8) Negation 9) Disjunction 10) Conditional
2. Setting of learning goals and contextualizing learning
Objectives:
a. recall the different symbols, types, and operations of proposition.
b. enumerate the forms of conditional propositions.
c. determine the p and q in a sentence.
d. manifest excellence in converting compound sentence into forms of conditional
proposition.
Essential Question:
a. Why do we need to learn conditional propositions?
Transfer of task:
Cite the significant in learning conditional propositions.
B. INTERACTION
1. Development of knowledge
After recalling the symbols, types and operations of propositions, the teacher will now
present the basic terms of conditional propositions.
How do we determine the p and q in a compound sentence?
1. Identify the connective words used in a statement.
2. p is the first simple compound sentence
3. q is the second compound sentence.
Examples:
#1. I amangry ∧Lornalose her phone.
Questions:
 What are the connective words that are being used? and
 What is the p in the sentence? I am angry
 What is q in the sentence? Lorna loses her phone.
#2. I love chicken nuggets∧I am hungry
Questions:
 What are the connective words that are being used? and
 What is the p in the sentence? I love chicken nuggets
 What is q in the sentence? I am hungry
#3. Roses are blue , violets are red
 Is there a connective word that is being used? none
 What is the p in the sentence? Roses are blue
 What is q in the sentence? Violets are red
 The five forms of conditional propositions:
Forms Meaning In symbols
Conditional if p thenq p →q
Converse if q then p q→ p
Inverse if not p then not q ∼ p →∼q
Contrapositive if not q thennot p ∼q → ∼ p
Biconditional p if ∧only if q p ↔q
Examples:
#1. I amangry ∧Lornaloses her phone .
● Conditional ( p →q )
If I am angry then Lorna loses her phone .
● Converse (q → p)
If Lorna loses her phone then I am angry
● Inverse (∼ p →∼q )
If I am not angry then Lorna did not lose her phone
● Contrapositive (∼q → ∼ p )
If Lorna did not lose her phone then I am not angry
 Biconditional p ↔q
I am angry if ∧only if Lorna loses her phone
#2. I love chicken nuggets∧I am hungry
● Conditional ( p →q )
If I love chicken nuggetsthen I am hungry .
● Converse (q → p)
IfI am hungry then I love chicken nuggets.
● Inverse (∼ p →∼q )
If I do not love chickennuggets then I amnot hungry .
● Contrapositive (∼q → ∼ p )
If I am not hungry then I do not love chicken nuggets.
 Biconditional p ↔q
I love chicken nuggetsif ∧only if I am hungry
#3. Roses are blue , violets are red
● Conditional ( p →q )
If roses are blue then violets arered .
● Converse (q → p)
Ifviolets arered thenroses are blue
● Inverse (∼ p →∼q )
If roses are not bluethen violets are not red .
● Contrapositive (∼q → ∼ p )
If violets are not red then roses arenot blue.
 Biconditional p ↔q
Roses are blue if ∧only if violetsare red
2. Apprenticeship
Activity: “p or q”
Direction: Find the p and q in the compound statement.
1. The Hudson is not a big river if and only if cruise ships will go on Hudson.
Ans: p=The Hudson is not a big river , q=Cruise ships will go on Hudson .
2. Hannah will eat apple if Natasha picks the apple in the tree.
Ans: p=Hannah will eat apple ,q=Natasha picks the apple∈the tree
3. I will pick a flower in the garden, or I will buy flower in the market.
Ans: p=I will pick a flower∈the garden , q=I will buy flower∈the market .
4. If I will sleep then Mom will get angry.
Ans: p=I will sleep ,q=Mom will get angry .
 5. Minsk is the capital of Belarus and Toronto is the capital of Canada.
Ans: p=Minsk is the capital of Belarus, q=Toronto is the capital of Canada .
C. INTEGRATION
1. Assessment
A. Construct the converse, inverse, and contrapositive.
Direction: Convert the following statement into converse, inverse, and
contrapositive.
Let:
p=I have a trust issue
q= All mendo is lie
Answer:
 Conditional ( p →q )
If I have a trust issue then all men do is lie
 Converse (q → p)
If all men do is lie then I have a trust issue
 Inverse (∼ p →∼q )
If I don ' t have trust issue then all men do not lie
 Contrapositive (∼q → ∼ p )
If all men do not lie then I don ' t have trust issue
 Biconditional
I have a trust issue if ∧only if all men do is lie .
B. Direction: Identify what forms of conditional is being used.
p= you will study , q= you will get a high grade .
1) If you will study then you will get a high grade . Ans: Conditional
2) If you will not get a high grade then you will not study Ans: Contrapositive
3) If you will not study then you will not get a high grade Ans: Inverse
4) If you have a high grade then you will study . Ans: Converse
5) Youhave a high grade if ∧only if you will study Ans: Biconditional

2. Valuing/Synthesis of the lesson

Guide questions:
● Why is it important to know the conditional proposition?
3. Summary and conclusion
How do we determine the p and q in a compound sentence?
 Identify the connective words used in a statement.
 p is the first simple compound sentence
 q is the second compound sentence.
The five forms of conditional propositions:
Forms Meaning In symbols
Conditional if p thenq p →q
Converse if q then p q→ p
Inverse if not p then not q ∼ p →∼q
Contrapositive if not q thennot p ∼q → ∼ p
Biconditional p if ∧only if q p ↔q

4. Meta-cognition
Essential Questions:
● Is it important to study conditional propositions?
● How will this lesson help you in your daily life?
5. Assignment
a) Directions: Answer the following questions in your notebook:
1. What are categorical propositions?
2. What are the 3 elements of categorical propositions? Give one example.
 3. What are the types of categorical propositions?
4. What are the four types of relations in the square of opposition?
b) Direction: Draw the square of opposition.

Teacher remarks:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
Prepared by:
Hannah Lauren S. Juan
Team member:
________________________________