University of La Salette, Incorporated

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Dubinan East, Santiago City-3311, Philippines
A.Y 2022-2023

I. Competencies
1. Illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous)
2. Distinguish between a discrete and continuous random variable.
3. Finds the possible value of a random variable.
4. Illustrates a probability distribution for discrete random variable and its properties.
II. Instructional Materials and other Resources
Books:
Lim, Yvette et al. Statistics and Probability for Senior High School. Sibs 2016
Bataller, Ramil. Math Activated: Yourself and Our World, Statistics and Probability.
Salesian books 2016
III. Instructional Procedures
Day 1: January 4-5, 2023
Topic: Random Variable
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Eliciting prior knowledge
The teacher will group the students into six groups. The task of each group is to toss
dice 5 times and write the outcomes in a sheet of paper. The students will answer the
following questions.
a. How do you feel after doing your activity?
b. What are the outcomes after tossing the dice?
c. How many 1 appears in the possible outcomes?
d. How many 2 appears in the possible outcomes?
e. Can someone tell us all the possible outcomes?
2. Setting of learning goals and contextualizing learning
Objectives:
a. define the basic terms of random variable
b. enumerate examples of random variable.
c. differentiate between discrete and continuous variable.
d. Enumerate real life examples involving random variables.
e. Practice solidarity by working with the groupmates.
Essential Question:
a. Why do we to study random variable?
Transfer of task:
Cite examples that random variable is needed.
B. INTERACTION
1. Development of knowledge
The teacher will now explain the basic terms of random variable.

Random variable is a variable whose values depend on the outcomes of an experiments.

It is a function that maps the outcome of an experiment to real numbers. A random variable
is usually denoted by an uppercase letter of the English Alphabet.
Other examples of random variables are:
A the sum of number that turn up when a pair of dice is tossed.
B the distance leaped in meters by a long jumper in a competition.
W length of time in minutes that scheduled airplane flight is delayed
X numbers of correct answer a students get in a 10-item true or false test.
Y length of time it takes a swimmer to complete a 100-meter freestyle race.
Z number of defective items in a sample of 10 production items randomly selected
from a manufacturing process.
 Kinds of Random Variables:
Discrete random variable Continuous random variable
countable Measurable
Can take only integer values and never Continuous data can take any value
include fractions or decimals including decimal points (within a range)
Example: Example:
Number of students in class A person’s height
Examples:
1) The number of cars sold at a dealership during a given month.
a. Is it countable? Yes
b. Now, what kinds of random variable is presented? Discrete
2) The amount of lemonade in jug.
a. Is it countable? No
b. Now, what kinds of random variable is presented? Continuous
2. Apprenticeship
“Activity 1: Give me an example”
Direction: Give two examples of a discrete random variable and continuous random
variable
Possible Answers:
Discrete random variables Continuous random variables
1) Number of students 1) Temperature of a
that are present in person
class. 2) Height of my
2) Number of children in classmate
a family 3) Hours spent in
3) The sum of heads in 4 answering an
flips of a coin. assignment.
C. INTEGRATION
1. Assessment
Directions: Write D if discrete and C if it is continuous random variable.
1) The time it takes to run a race. Ans: C
2) Outcomes of tossing a coin. Ans:D
3) Time to finish a test. Ans: C
4) The sum of the patients in a hospital. Ans: D
5) The quantity of defective bubs in a box of 10. Ans: D
6) Percentage of marks obtained by a student. Ans: C
7) Height. Ans: C
8) Weight. Ans: C
9) Amount of sugar in a coffee. Ans: C
10) Length of the cord of a circle. Ans: C
2. Valuing/Synthesis of the lesson
Guide question:
a. Why is it important to learn random variable?
3. Summary and conclusion
a. What do we mean by random variable?
Random variable is a variable whose values depend on the outcomes of
an experiments.
b. What are the difference of discrete and continuous random variable?
Kinds of Random Variables:
Discrete random variable Continuous random variable
countable measurable
 Can take only integer values and
never include fractions or
decimals
Example:
Number of students in class
Continuous data can take any
value including decimal points
(within a range)
Example:
A person’s height

4. Meta-cognition
Essential Questions:
a. Is it important to learn random variables?
b. How will this topic help you in your daily life?
5. Assignment
“COMPLETE THE TABLE”
Direction: Complete the table below. Try tossing two coins at the same time. Do this
repeatedly (4 times) then write the possible outcomes. Write how many head and a
tail will be show up in tossing them.
Trials Outcomes Number of heads Number of tails
1
2
3
4
Teacher remarks:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
Prepared by:
Hannah Lauren S. Juan

Team member:
_______________________________
 Day 2: January 5-6, 2023
Topic: Random Variable
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Eliciting prior knowledge
The teacher will call two students to present their assignment.
Possible answer:
Trials Outcomes Number of heads Number of tails
1 HT 1 1
2 TH 1 1
3 HH 2 0
4 TT 0 2
Essential questions:
a. Were you able to complete the table? If yes, how? If no, why?
b. Will you able to find the values of the random variable? If yes, how? If
no, why?
c. In your own words how will you describe a random variable? How do
you find the possible values of a random variables?
2. Setting of learning goals and contextualizing learning
Objectives:
a. Recall the kinds of random variables.
b. Find the possible outcomes of discrete and continuous random
variables.
c. Manifest excellence in answering the possible outcomes of discrete and
continuous random variables.
Essential Question:
a. Why do we to study about finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
Transfer of task:
Cite the benefits of finding the possible outcomes of a random variable.
B. INTERACTION
1. Development of knowledge
The teacher will recall the kinds of random variables.
Kinds of random variables:
Discrete random variable Continuous random variable
countable measurable
Can take only integer values and never Continuous data can take any value
include fractions or decimals including decimal points (within a range)
Example: Example:
Number of students in class A person’s height
Steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable:
1. Determine the possible outcomes.
2. Represent each variable
3. Determine the sample space
Examples:
1. Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable representing
the of tails that occur. Find the values of the random variable Y.
a. What are the possible outcomes?
b. What is the probability that a tail appeared in the possible outcomes?
c. What is the probability that a head appeared in the possible outcomes?
d. Who wants to try completing this table?
 2. Find the possible values of the random variable if
𝑍 = 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙.
Solution:
𝑍 = (𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0 𝑡𝑜 100) 𝑜𝑟 {𝑥/0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 100}
2. Apprenticeship
“Activity 1: It’s your time to shine”
Direction: Answer the following questions.
a. What do we mean by possible outcomes?
b. How will you find the possible outcomes of a random variable?
C. INTEGRATION
1. Assessment
A. Direction: Find first the sample space, possible outcomes and write the
possible values of the given problem.
1. Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from the box
containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of the random
variable z”

Solution:
Let 𝐵 = 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠, 𝑅 = 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝑆 = {𝑅𝑅, 𝑅𝐵, 𝐵𝑅, 𝐵𝐵}
Possible Outcomes Variable Z (Number of blue
balls)
RR 0
RB 1
BR 1
BB 2
𝑍 = {0,1,2}
B. Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. If two coins are tossed, which is not a possible value of the random
variable for the number of tails?
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3
2. Which of the following is a true statement?
a. The random variable could not be zero.
b. Random variable can only have one value
c. Random variable does not depend on the outcomes of an
experiment.
d. The values of a random variable can be zero.
3. You decide to conduct a survey of families with two children. You are
interested in counting the number of girls (out of 2 children)
a. Yes, it is random variable and its values can be 1 or 2.
b. Yes, it is random variable, and its values can be 0, 1 or 2.
c. Yes, it is random variable, and its values can be 2 or 4.
d. No, it is not a random variable since it is not random.
4. A set of numerical value assigned to sample space is called:
a. random experiment c. random variable
b. random sample d. random process
5. Which of the following is an example of continuous random variable?
 a. Quantity of the defect Christmas light in 3 boxes.
b. Temperature of a covid patient.
c. Number of students that are late in class.
d. Friday night attendance at a cinema
2. Valuing/Synthesis of the lesson
Guide question:
a. What is the significance of finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
3. Summary and conclusion
a. What is the difference of discrete and continuous random variable?
Kinds of random variables:
Discrete random variable Continuous random variable
Countable measurable
Can take only integer values and Continuous data can take any value
never include fractions or decimals including decimal points (within a range)
Example: Example:
Number of students in class A person’s height
b. What are the steps in finding the possible outcomes of random
variable?
Steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable:
1. Determine the sample space.
2. Represent each variable
3. List the possible sample space
4. Meta-cognition
Essential Questions:
a. Is it important lo learn how to find the possible values of a random
variable?
5. Assignment
Direction: Answer the following questions:
a. How do we define the probability distribution of a discrete and
continuous random variable?
b. How do you find the probability of a discrete random variable?
c. How do you find the probability of a continuous random variable?
Teacher remarks:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________.
Prepared by:
Hannah Lauren S. Juan
Team member:
________________________________

Day 3: January 6-7, 2023

 Topic: Probability of Discrete Random Variable
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Eliciting prior knowledge
The teacher will provide the possible outcomes of 3 coins tossing at the same
time. The task of the students is to answer the following questions.
1. Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable representing
the of tails that occur. Find the values of the random variable Y.
𝑆 = (𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝐻)
𝑌 = {0,1,2,3}
Essential questions:
a. How many are the possible outcomes?
b. How many one tail appears in the possible outcomes?
c. How many two tail appears in the possible outcomes?
d. How many three tails appears in the possible outcomes?
e. How many none tails appears in the possible outcomes?
2. Setting of learning goals and contextualizing learning
Objectives:
a. Recall how to find possible outcomes of discrete random variable.
b. Solve the probability distribution of a discrete random variable.
c. Solve the mean of a discrete random variable.
d. Manifest excellence in answering the probability and mean of a discrete
random variable.
Essential Question:
a. Why do we to study the probability and mean of a discrete random
variable?
Transfer of task:
Cite the benefits of learning the probability and mean of a discrete random
variable.
B. INTERACTION
1. Development of knowledge
The teacher will discuss the basic terminologies of probability of discrete random
variable and recall the steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable.
The probability distribution of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is a list of each
possible value of 𝑋 together with the probability that 𝑋 takes that value in one trial
of the experiment.
The probabilities in the probability distribution of a random variable X must
satisfy the following two conditions:
1. Each probability 𝑃(𝑥) must be between 0 and 1: 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of all the possible probabilities is 1: ∑𝑃(𝑥) = 1.
Steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable:
1. Determine the sample space.
2. Represent each variable
3. List the possible sample space
Examples:
1. A fair coin is tossed twice. Let 𝑋𝑋 be the number of heads that are
observed.
a. Construct the probability distribution of 𝑋𝑋.
b. Find the probability that at least one head is observed.
 Solution:
a. .
Possible values of 𝑋 𝑋 = {0 , 1 , 2}
Sample space 𝑆 = {ℎℎ, ℎ𝑡, 𝑡ℎ, 𝑡𝑡}
Equally likely outcomes for this 𝑋 = 0 𝑡𝑜 {𝑡𝑡},
experiment: 𝑋 = 1 𝑡𝑜 {ℎ𝑡, 𝑡ℎ}, 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑋 = 2 𝑡𝑜 ℎℎ.
Probability of X
𝑋 0 1 2
𝑃(𝑥) 0.25 0.50 0.25
Questions:
c. How do we get the probability of 0? 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25
d. How do we get the probability of 1? 2 ÷ 4 = 0.50
e. How do we get the probability of 2? 2 ÷ 4 = 0.25
f. Do we satisfy the first condition of the probability? Yes
If yes, why? Since of P(x) is less than 1
g. Do we satisfy the second condition of the probability? Yes
If yes, why? Since the summation of P(x) is equal to 1
f. “At least one head” is the event 𝑋 ≥ 1 , which is the union of the
mutually exclusive events 𝑋 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 2 .
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 1) = 𝑃(1) + 𝑃(2)
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 1) = 0.50 + 0.25
𝑃 (𝑋 ≥ 1) = 0.75
2. Apprenticeship
“Activity 1: It’s your time to shine”
Direction: Solve the following problem with a complete solution and box your final
answer.
1. Let X denotes the number of heads that will appear in tossing three coins.
Find 𝑃 (𝑥 ≥ 2) and 𝑃(𝑥 < 1).
Solution:
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}
𝑋 = (0,1,2,3)
𝑋 0 1 2 3
𝑃(𝑥) 1 3 3 1
8 8 8 8
𝑃 (𝑥 ≥ 2) = 𝑃(𝑥 = 2) + 𝑃 (𝑥 = 3)
3 1 4 1
𝑃 (𝑥 ≥ 2) = + = 𝑜𝑟
8 8 8 2
𝑃 (𝑥 < 1) = 𝑃 (𝑥 = 0)
1
𝑃 (𝑥 < 1) =
8
C. INTEGRATION
1. Assessment
Direction: Solve the following problem with a complete solution and box
your final answer.
a. The number of students entering in the canteen at any given hour is
represented by a random variable X.

𝑋 40 50 60 70 80
 𝑃(𝑥) ?

Find the probability that:

a. 40 students enter in the canteen
Solution:
𝑃𝑥 (40) = 40 ÷ 300
𝑃(𝑥 = 40) = 0.1
b. 50 students enter in the canteen
Solution:
𝑃𝑥 (50) = 50 ÷ 300
𝑃(𝑥 = 40) = 0.2
c. 60 students enter in the canteen
Solution:
𝑃𝑥 (60) = 60 ÷ 300
𝑃(𝑥 = 40) = 0.2
d. 70 students enter in the canteen
Solution:
𝑃𝑥 (70) = 70 ÷ 300
𝑃(𝑥 = 40) = 0.2
e. 80 students enter in the canteen
Solution:
𝑃 (𝑥 = 80) = 80 ÷ 300
𝑃(𝑥 = 80) = 0.3
f. At least 50 students enter in the canteen
Solution:
𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 50) = 𝑃(𝑥 = 50) + 𝑃 (𝑥 = 60) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 70) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 80)
𝑃 (𝑥 ≥ 50) = 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.9
2. Valuing/Synthesis of the lesson
Guide question:
a. What is the significance of learning the probability of a discrete
random variable?
3. Summary and conclusion
a. What do we mean by the probability of a discrete random variable?
The probability distribution of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is a list
of each possible value of 𝑋 together with the probability that 𝑋 takes
that value in one trial of the experiment.
b. What are the conditions of a probability distribution of a random varible
x must have?
The probabilities in the probability distribution of a random
variable X must satisfy the following two conditions:
1. Each probability 𝑃(𝑥) must be between 0 and 1: 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of all the possible probabilities is 1: ∑𝑃(𝑥) = 1.
b. What are the steps in finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
Steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable:
1.Determine the sample space.
2.Represent each variable
3.List the possible sample space

4. Meta-cognition
 Essential Questions:
a. Why is it important lo learn the probability of discrete random
variable?

5. Assignment
Direction: Answer the following questions:
a. What is the mean formula of discrete random variable?
b. What is the formula being used in standard deviation of discrete
random variable?
c. What is the formula being used in variance of a discrete random
variable?
Teacher remarks:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________.
Prepared by:
Hannah Lauren S. Juan
Team member:
________________________________
 Day 4: January 7-8, 2023
Topic: Summative for Random Variable
A. INTRODUCTION
1. Eliciting prior knowledge
The teacher will group the student into six groups. Every member of the groups
has a role. The group must choose 1 member to answer the question and
he/she will not allow to answer the other questions. Simply, One member per
questions.
The questions are:
1. What are the two kinds of random variable?
2. Differentiate the two kinds of random variable in one word.
3. Give an example of a continuous random variable.
4. Given an example of discrete random variable.
5. What is the first step in finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
6. What is the second step in finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
7. What is the third step in finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
8. What are the conditions that must satisfy in the probability distribution
of a random variable X?
2. Setting of learning goals and contextualizing learning
Objectives:
a. Recall the basic terms of a random variable.
b. Recall the two kinds of random variable.
c. Recall the steps on how to find the possible outcomes
d. Recall the on how to the probability of a random variable.
e. Practice solidary in working with the groupmates.
Essential Question:
d. Why do we need to recall the lessons about a random variable?
Transfer of task:
Cite the significance in learning a random variable.
B. INTERACTION
1. Development of knowledge
The teacher will recall the lessons about the random variable.
Random variable is a variable whose values depend on the outcomes of an
experiments.
Kinds of random variables:
Discrete random variable Continuous random variable
Countable measurable
Can take only integer values and Continuous data can take any value
never include fractions or decimals including decimal points (within a
range)
Example: Example:
Number of students in class A person’s height
Steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable:
1. Determine the possible outcomes.
2. Represent each variable
3. Determine the sample space
 The probability distribution of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is a list of each
possible value of 𝑋 together with the probability that 𝑋 takes that value in one trial
of the experiment.
The probabilities in the probability distribution of a random variable X must
satisfy the following two conditions:
1. Each probability 𝑃(𝑥) must be between 0 and 1: 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of all the possible probabilities is 1: ∑𝑃(𝑥) = 1.
2. Apprenticeship
“Activity 1: C or D”
Direction: Write the C if continuous and D if Discrete.
1. Planets of the earth. Ans: D
2. Stars in the space. Ans: C
3. Temperature of a person that has fever. Ans: C
4. The weight of a single finished cigarette. Ans. C
5. The number of girls inside a classroom. Ans. D
C. INTEGRATION
1. Assessment
Direction: Solve the following problems with a complete solution and box
your final answer.
1. You are supposed to testing two components a detective(D) and non-
defective(N). Find the possible values, outcomes, and probability distribution
of the said experiment.
2. A basket contains of 10 red balls and 4 white balls. If three balls are taken
form the basket one after the other. Determine the possible values,
outcomes, and probability distribution of the random variable. R represents
red ball and w represents white balls
2. Valuing/Synthesis of the lesson
Guide question:
a. What is the significance of learning random variable?
3. Summary and conclusion
a. What do we mean by a random variable?
Random variable is a variable whose values depend on the outcomes
of an experiments.
b. What is the difference of discrete and continuous random variable?
Kinds of random variables:
Discrete random variable Continuous random variable
Countable measurable
Can take only integer Continuous data can take any
values and never include value including decimal points
fractions or decimals (within a range)
Example: Example:
Number of students in A person’s height
class
c. What are the steps in finding the possible outcomes of a random
variable?
Steps in finding the possible outcomes of random variable:
1. Determine the possible outcomes.
2. Represent each variable
3. Determine the sample space
 d. What do we mean by the probability of a discrete random variable?
The probability distribution of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is a
list of each possible value of 𝑋 together with the probability that 𝑋
takes that value in one trial of the experiment.
e. What are the conditions of a probability distribution of a random
variable x must have?
The probabilities in the probability distribution of a random
variable X must satisfy the following two conditions:
1. Each probability 𝑃(𝑥) must be between 0 and 1: 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of all the possible probabilities is 1: ∑𝑃(𝑥) = 1.
4. Meta-cognition
Essential Questions:
a. Why is it important to learn random variable?
5. Assignment
Direction: Answer the following questions:
a. What is the mean formula of discrete random variable?
b. What is the formula being used in standard deviation of discrete
random variable?
c. What is the formula being used in variance of a discrete random
variable?
Teacher remarks:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________.
Prepared by:
Hannah Lauren S. Juan
Team member:
________________________________