Values or good moral values once they are habitually practiced, they turned into virtues.

• First of all, do you have any idea as to what values is different from virtues? So when we say
values, ito yung principles or standard nacinoconsider natin as important or desirable while
kapag virtues ito naman yung mga qualities that are considered to be good or desirable sa isang
tao. So ibig sabihin nito, kapag values subjective ito kasi ang isang tao can decide what is
important to him or her then kapag virtue ito ung mga qualities that are universally accepted
kasi it has high moral value. That’s why kapag napractice na natin yung pagkakaroon ng good
moral values then nag turn na siya into virtues.

If one wants to know the origin of the term “VALUE”, it may be stated very firmly that the term “VALUE”
comes from the Latin word “VALERE” which means “to be of worth”.

• It means that Value has to do with how much something is worth. Like sa pera, nakikita
natin kung ano ang halaga nito sa ating araw-araw na pamumuhay dahil kung wala
tayong pera, hindi natin mabibili yung gusto natin diba.

In fact, it is difficult to define values, for they are as comprehensive in nature as our human life.

• Kasi diba kapag tinanong kunyari tayo what is values, hindi natin alam if about ba to sa bagay na
vinavalue mo or sa characteristic ng tao at kung mapapansin natin iba-iba yung nagiging meaning
nito. Sinasabi nga sa dictionary na value is that which renders anything useful, worthy or
estimable. It is price, worth or importance of a thing. So kahit nagkakaiba-iba man tayo ng
meaning dito ang point pa rin nito is yung pagbibigay halaga natin sa anumang bagay.

Value is also an abstract term which is commonly regarded as an economic conception, as what John
Dewey said, “Value means primarily, to price, to esteem, to appraise, to estimate.

• So ibig sabihin nito na in economics we can also use the term value kasi diba sa law of supply and
demand mapapansin natin na kapag vinavalue ng mga tao yung specific things makikita natin na
tumataas ang demand at bumababa naman ang supply. Sinabi rin nga ni John Dewey na ang value
ay isang act in which people cherish something and yung judgement ng tao ay nagbabago based
sa value ng mga bagay in which cincompare siya ng mga tao sa ibang bagay. Like diba kapag
bumibili tayo kunyari ng cheese, diba kalimitan tumitingin tayo sa mga prices nila kasi iba-ibang
brand nagkakaiba ng prices and ung pinipili ng karamihan is yung mura and yung iba naman binibili
nila kung ano yung masarap na cheese kahit mahal man ito. Now that we have idea about sa iba’t
ibang meaning ng values, let’s talk about naman ang human values which is one of the important
lessons na dapat nating malaman in our Ethics subject.

A. Human Values

Human values are the virtues that guide us to take into account human element when one interacts with
one other human being. They are our feelings for the human essence of others.

• As what we said earlier, yung values is yung principle natin na we consider as important kasi diba
tayong mga tao we use this as a guide para kapag nakikipag interact tayo sa ibang tao ay
naeensure natin na maiiwasan natin yung hindi pagkakantindihan na if we didn’t follow yung
principles na yon may chance na ma misunderstood tayo ng ibang tao and minsan nga
 nagkakaroon ng sama ng loob sa isa’t isa. Sabi nga sa Golden Rule na “Do to others as you would
have them do to you” so kung may respeto ka sa ibang tao then rerespetuhin ka rin nila at kapag
naman niyabangan mo sila yayabangan ka rin nila. Thus, we can say that yung human values is
kailangan nating gamitin or iexecute ng ayos kasi nakakaapekto to sa bonding, comforting, and
reassuring with other people.

1. Types of Human Values

The following human values are just some of those values that have nearly unanimous agreement
as to the importance of them. These would include sanctity of human life, peace, and human dignity, just
to mention a few.

The following human values are just some of those values that have nearly unanimous agreement
as to the importance of them. These would include sanctity of human life or yung sinasabing ang life nating
mga tao is sacred and a gift from God na kailangan nating irespect at protektahan, peace, and human
dignity, just to mention a few.

Moral Values

Moral values help us distinguish between what’s right and wrong, good or bad for you as well as society.

Isa na nga sa type ng Human Values ay ang Moral Values, so through moral values maiidentify
natin kung ano nga ba ang tama at mali, ano yung mga bagay na dapat at hindi nating gawin, at ano yung
maling bagay na kailangan natin itama na makakatulong sa ating pagkatao at pati na rin sa ating society.
Ngunit alam naman nating ang tao ay kahit alam na niyang mali ay ginagawa pa rin kung kaya’t napupunta
ang tao sa maling landas. Kaya dapat natin laging tandaan na huwag tayo padalos dalos magdesisyon
because it will not affect our own self kundi maapektuhan rin nito yung mga tao sa paligid natin.
Moral values are principles that govern our lives and beliefs that make us realize the importance of life,
the goals that we want to attain or accomplish in life
So ayun nga, dahil nalalaman natin kung ano ang tama at mali because of moral values, yung mga
taong bukas sa pag-iisip ay na rerealize nila ung importance ng ating buhay, at ano yung mga bagay na
kailangan nating ma achieve sa buhay as a creation of God. Kung kaya’t masasabi natin na yung values are
anything that motivates people which they really care about kasi nasa bawat tao ang desisyon kung anong
bagay ang kanilang gugustuhing iapply sa buhay. Examples nga ng moral values ay integrity,
determination, loyalty, truthfulness, honesty, giving respect to each other that should be applied sa ating
mga buhay.
2. Types of Moral Values (Kathy Slattengren, 2018)

Everybody wants to lead a happy and a good life. But achieving one is not just a personal or
individual practice of the moral values, but being good to oneself and living moral values with other selves.

Alam naman nating gusto nating mabuhay ng masaya, tahimik at magkaroon ng magandang
buhay ngunit makakamit natin ito kung pinapractice natin yung moral values natin kasi kapag na attain na
natin ito sa ating buhay then magkakaroon tayo ng magandang relasyon with other people. Hindi lang
sarili natin ang mag bebenefit nito kundi pati na rin yung ibang tao kasi nga sinabi natin kanina na kapag
kabutihan ang ginagawa mo sa ibang tao ay ganoon rin ang gagawin nila sayo. Kapag naman ginawaan ka
ng kasamaan, kabutihan pa rin ang ibabalik mo may kasabihan ngang kapag binato ka ng bato, batuhin
mo ng tinapay kasi at the end of the day, they will still realize that mali yung ginagawa nila and
makokonsensya sila sa mga masasamang bagay na ginawa nila sa iyo.

a. Acceptance: having an objective attitude towards others’ ideas and practices that differ from
your own.

• So ibig sabihin nito na kapag kapag iba yung pananaw natin sa mga sinasabi ng ibang tao, we must
learn how to accept those things kasi kapag wala tayong acceptance, magkakaroon pa ng
maraming pagtatalo at diskurso.

b. Compassion: understanding the suffering of others or self and wanting to do something about
it.

• So through compassion, we tend to be concern with other people especially if may sakunang
nangyari no in which we show our kindness, generosity, and sympathy for people na
naapektuhan.

c. Courage: willingness to do difficult things.

• Kapag may courage tayo we tend to conquer our fear kahit na alam nating painful, grievous,
difficult or dangerous yung mga situations. Kapag may courage ka hindi ka basta susuko sabi nga
ni Maya Angleou na “Courage is the most important of all virtues because without courage, you
can’t practice any other virtue consistently.”

d. Equality: believing everyone deserves equal rights and to be treated with respect.

• Ibig sabihin nito na we must treat every people equally or pantay pantay kasi diba we all know
naman na there are people who discriminate other people because of their religion, gender at
kung ano-ano pa. We must stop this no because hindi naman natin ikasisikat at ikayayaman yung
panghuhusga sa kapwa natin.

e. Fairness: acting in a just way, sharing appropriately

• Pinaparating nito na we must be free from self-interest, prejudice, favoritism kumbaga dapat kung
may batas tayong sinusunod, walang exemption once na nalabag natin ito.

f. Generosity: willingness to give resources, help or time to others.

• Makikita natin tong Generosity kapag may unos tayong naranasan like kapag may mga
nasalantang bagyo, or nung sumabog ang bulkang taal, maraming mga Pilipino ang nagbigay ng
mga relief goods at kung ano-ano pa.

g. Honesty: being truthful and sincere.

• Makikita natin yung honesty ng isang tao kapag talagang totoo at mula sa puso yung mga sinasabi
niya kasi yung honesty it deals with our words and kung may honesty tayo mapakikita natin yung
sincerity natin as a person.

h. Integrity: sticking to your moral and ethical principles and values.

• Kung sa Honesty it deals with our words, ang integrity naman it deals with our actions, like sa
politics no, makikita natin yung honesty ng politiko kapag hindi lang sila puro salita kundi ginagawa
rin nila at walang halong pagka “plastic” yung term natin.

i. Kindness: being considerate and treating others well.

• Yung kindness ng tao is nakikita natin kapag may malasakit tayo sa kapwa at hindi tayo humihingi
ng kahit anong kapalit kumbaga mula sa puso yung pagbibigay natin ng tulong lalo na sa mga
nangangailangan.

j. Perseverance: persisting in a course of action, belief or purpose.

• Napapakita natin ito kapag may bagay tayong gusto ma achieve, like kahit hirap na hirap na tayo
or may mga taong pumipigil, hindi tayo susuko bagkus ay mas maiinspire tayong ma achieve ang
mga bagay na iyon.

k. Politeness: using good manners, acting in socially acceptable ways.

• Pag sinabi nating politeness, ito ay kung paano natin itreat ung iba sa kung ano nga ba ang tamang
pag approach or paginteract like sa simpleng pagsabi ng Thank you, excuse me, napapakita na ito
ng politeness.

l. Respect: showing consideration for the worth of someone or something.

• Same din siya sa politeness, we show good manners sa iba like diba yung pagmamano natin at
pagsabi ng “po” at “opo” sa mga nakakatanda na pinapakita natin na vinavalue natin sila kasi yun
na ung nakagawian sa culture natin

m. Responsibility: being reliable in your obligations.

• Katulad nating mga estudyante, we must be responsible sa pag-aaral para makamit natin ang mga
mithiin natin sa buhay. Katulad din ng ating mga leaders, kailangan nila maging responsable sa
pagtulong at pagpapaunlad ng ating bayan.

n. Self- control: staying in control of your words and behavior.

• Kahit punong-puno na tayo sa isang tao dahil sa masasama niyang ginagawa sa ating buhay,
kailangan nating kontrolin ang bawat kilos at salitang ating gagawin o gagamitin dahil sabi nga sa
2 Timothy 6:7, “For God gave us a spirit not of fear but of power and love and self-control”.

These are just few among other moral values that we can share to others, we strive or desire for
or the subjective appraisal on something/someone as in some way good; something that everyone
will believe, and look and die for.