⑦

Acidification of from atmosphere

② Earth's Ocean :
Magnetic field diverts Electrically charged uptake of Co2
1
particles towards its
poles coming from space Reacts with
form ICarbonic Acid
-

water to .

Magnetic field motion in the

* : Molten Iron Amicale
of Causing decrease in making it
carbonate ion -

of earth
core

difficult for marine to

calcifying organisms ;abr
-

Aurora
*
concept .

Coral Calcium carbonate

② Mixed
Bleaching -

farming -

Rearing of animals + Cultivation

of crops &
Acidification ofin cloud &
affectswater seeding
Ocean
'

crops grown simultaneously formation

Mixed
Cropping 2 /more
acidified phytoplankton
-
-
-

Truck
farming Mainly / only vegetables
to a produce less DMS
Dimethylsulfide majority of
- -
-

distance that truck cover

sulphur in
atmosphere is from
Marketing a can oceans

Based
overnight ⑧ Cloud condensation
seeding Artificial adding
.

nuclei ( silver iodide act to combine

③ Ocean Currents factor catalyst as
:
Affecting water
droplets for
) rain
*
Salinity :
*
Planetary winds
* * Pressure
Density :

* Coriolis force Rotation

Physiography
* -

*
Temperature Difference Equator water
is
higher in :

than Middle latitude level

Due to
heating .
←

° O

O o

O ⑨ Savannah
O O 1
Regions
Grasslands
* Warm to hot in all seasons
Onshore
in winds
Alternate A wet season
Dry
* -

Inland wetlands
⑨ Wetlands India
- Inland Area
of offshore
of Land Less
Rainfall Dry
* * season
_

:
-
coastal is more than coastal
longer
↳
I pically
*
Gujarat :

of Wetlands .

wetlands

+ Ramsar Convention :
Hr
* Montreux Record :
☆ wet Onshore
⑤ walls ↳
Deep Gorges
-

: Narrow
valley steep rocky
with ,
Day offshore
.
-

b/w hills & Mountains

eg
Indus
Gorge.

⑥ U Turn River Courses :

1 Brahmaputra ;
Kosi

River
shifting ④
theircourses Man and
Biosphere Program + Biosphere Reserves
I
I
Indian National Man and Management by
concerned state/ UT
committee
Biosphere
financial Assistance
.

central Gout
& )
by
⑥0:40 ) 0:10

Dw → In World Network
☐

☐
Panna critical
Tiger
-

Habitat
Under WLPA ,
1972

MAB ICC 50
years
0000
- -

'
Abuja Nigeria,
-

2021
-
① 5
country Biosphere
Reserve Mura Drava Danube ④ The slope central
Highlands of India
of
-
-
-

"

¥¥^
Austria, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia
*
Hungry ,
are
from Southwest to Northeast

④ eg .
Son , Chambal Tributaries

of Gaya
④

Dibrusaikhowa
ooo
ooo
•

Manas Naooomeri Dining

Patkai
Namdapha
saramati
peak
• • • •
•

Raimona Orang Kaziranga

•
•
Temenglong
NORRER •
Keibul
⑨ Important fishing Lamfao
•Dampa
Grounds .

• Blue Peak

⑨ Theories coal formation

of India ④ Contour
Blending :
Soil conservation in
Hilly
① ②
Drift Theory
-

Insitu Areas
•

Ash content
High → stones Similarly Terrace
fusion
High Ash
Temperature to slow down farming
low content
sulphur flow of
water .

④ Soil
Types . in India ⑧ Seed
Replacement Rate % of of : area sown out

in the
of/ crop planted
the total area
season

by using certified quality seeds other farm

than

saved seeds .

② 10 channel Separates
Andaman
from
Degree
-

Nicobar .

India & Maldives

8.
Degree
Channel -

separates
④ Gondwana coal
④
Tiger Reserves
-

Kadarma , Jharkhand -
Mica
In News .

Iron &
Dharwar Karnataka
,
-

Manganese * Valmiki
*
simplepal Odisha
-

④ Rabi crops -
B M W L P G
-
G-am
' + Ranthambore
linseed
- I \
Pulses
1
Barley Mustard wheat
Srivilliputhur Megamabi
* -

'
Sown in Winter ; Harvested in
Spring TN
Buffer for Periyar TR
-

* Buxa
④ Thunder Sound caused by lightning w.is
-

:
.

tiger spotted after 23g

temperature
's

sudden increase in and

pressure * Manas - Massive
spike
Expansion of sonic shock from
wave
Air creates a
◦ to 48

⑧ Coral
Reefs
Atlas in India
① Mountains

f p
④ Kerch Strait ③
1
Sea
of Azov &
Black Sea

④
⑧ Tropical
cyclones
0 0

⑤ lakes in India
Artificial
.

( Karnataka)
④ Golan Heights * Kodaikanal
UP ( son bhadra)
A Govind Vallabh Pant
Sagar largest
-

*
-

Dhebar Lake
Udaipur 2ⁿᵈ largest
*
Dead Sea .
-

" "

③ Caspian Sea - TARIK .

⑧ Rivers
of India
* Vamsadhara

"
"

◦ Red Sea -
DESSEY
00 iE

Gulf
"
"
◦
countries .
-

QU Books
"
"

Persian Iraq
E Gulf QUBOKS + Iran +
-

00
④ Glaciers in

India

⑤ living Roof Bridges Meghalaya

-
- Khasi Tribe
Trees Areca Palm Trunks
of fig ;
Built Rubber
using
Also built in
Nagaland
*

Nongsriat Bridge : Double Decker living

root
Bridge ⑧ No
official Definition of Major Minerals

Mineral (
⑤
in Mines and
Development and Regulation)
Act .

⑧
④ Saline soils : Arid ,
semi Arid ,
waterlogged and
④
1 swampy
areas

Large portion of Ma , K &

Mg
:
Infertile
*
Gypsum helps in
reducing soil salinity

① Landforms Associated ④
with Deserts .

0
Deflation
* Hallows
Butts
*
Yardage 0
*

* Wadi *
Canyon "◦
Kal Baisakhi
/ Blossom showers
ffMango
④ Sinking wells :
Hole bored to a
depth of permanent
water
supply .

Artesian wells : water rises

automatically under
1
the
pressure of
a column
of water ⑨
g Great Artesian
to the
ground surface
.

Basin Australia
of
⑨ Flood Meadows : Natural areas
of grasslandnot
.

Lived livestock when

saturated
pastures for
as

with water .

Water Meadows : created and maintained by

↳ people river channels

Continuously irrigated through
↳ Nutrient rich silty soils
,

If Meadows reduce
impact of
seasonal
flooding .

④
togs
-
Mist
wet
DIY 1

Warm air Current contact

On Mountains -

rising
the
warm air meets
with cold currents
a
cold
I surface .

⑨
More Dense less Dense

④ Conduction : heated gets heated

Land
slowly
I 1

Upper layers contact lower

layers
convection Vertical
heating of Atmosphere
:

↳
confined dense
•

:
only
to
Troposphere air
air
particles
no -
no mass

Mo 'mediun
Advection
1
:
Transfer of heat
through horizontal
Loo movement
of
air
⑤ Atlantic Meoidonial Overturning
*

g.Diurnal
.

Circulation ( A Thermohaline)
,

winds in middle latitude I cold water sinks -

Due to
Density

ofvertical relatively
( Poles ) <
is
Horizontal
warm water

f-
m o re
movement air
_
cold Water
Tropics
than movement ' warm water

important upwelling
.
a-

collapse /
weakens
→
If it

\ Part AMOC
Gulfstream -

of less
RainfallEl will
Affect Nino-
be
Newfoundland
&
'
lolling over Europe & N America
.
⑤ Renewable Energy country Attractive Index . 590 National family Health
Survey .
5 MOHFW
.
-

3ʳᵈ ↳ Nodal
by EY → India phase I : / Agency
-

22 states Us
-

Intel Institute
Phase I 14 States / lots of
⑤ Bolivia lithium Reserves
:
has
largest identified Population sciences

in Salar de
Uyuui Salt
flats * TFR - 2. ◦
from 2.2

Prevalence Rate increased

Afghanistan may have
largest unmapped contraceptive
*

↳ currently using
%
of
women
lithium reserves *
Full
Immunization improved
⑤ Rare Earth Metals : 15 Lanthanides * Institutional Birth increased
a
Scandium
Underweight
*
High Density yttrium
* Children :
stunting +
Wasting +

Point Declined
*
High Melting China ↳
producing
-

94%
Overweight increased
-

*
High conductivity 1
Running .
↳
Breastfeeding improved
.

High Natural Reserves

Child
⑤ Thorium
*
marriage
declined -
West
Bengal &
India has Bihar highest
largest
:
reserves
d- Women
Uranium : India
empowerment prevalent
produces 2%
of world ↳ 79% have bank accounts
↳
.

↳
In
crystalline rocker
⑥ Dhrians
70%
:
Moving / Shifting of sand dunes
of India deposits in Jharkhand

9- KazakStan Chai ⑥ National Multidimensional

of uranium World supply )
.

Poverty Index
High Grade Uranium Deposit only in * NITI
Aayog .

Athabasca
Region of Canada Measures
poverty multiple dimensions
-

across
.

550 Earthquake severity Health

{
severity of
µ
Indicators
-

I 12

Measured on Mercalli scale -

earthquake
&
shaking Education
\
(1-12) Its
and
effect on
people Standard
of living
environment
Richter Multidimensional
of Population
scale * Around as #
it is Poor
↳
Magnitude
-
how
powerful Bihar -
Max .
→ 50%
↳ eg 5 is ten times
log scale
I to 10
-
- .

Poverty Criteria : £47 /

day
Cities
*
powerful
-

more

than 4 . £32 /
day
-

Village
5④ Geysers
Hot
spring Healthy
+
Nutrition : 376% Households
deprived .

Fountains water
+
Geothermal
of Hotsteam
*

natural spring ④
occurringheated Aliabet Is Gulf of Kham bat
, Gujarat
&
superheated
.

water due to oil Reserves

*
spout upto height
of Mahdi Is
-

Largest freshwater Is Aisam

groundwater
.

a
-

✓
beneath A District
of 150m from part of New Moore Is ; suderbawr
.

← In
the earth
any
Bay of Bengal ; IchhamatiRiver
.

earth ↳ A
Thermal / Valcauic
*
Region Dissolved minerals
Raimaugal
←
.

of medicinal value ⑥
570 Dalmatian coast is a
type of submergence
coast
G. Western coast America £
of
North & South

580 Periodic labour force

Survey : 2019 -202°
0
3ʳᵈ &
Annually
*
by MS0
Report
a-

→ labour
force Participation Rate -
_
""
of employed +

* Worker
Population Ratio N◦.ofunemployed_
*
Unemployment Ratio .
Total
Population
④ ⊕

08

④ Chenab River :
Himachal and Jfk

↳ Third, Sonal
Tributary -
Marusudar (
Biggest) ,

↳ Also known
Bhat Mallah

as Chandra
Bhaga .

River Chandra and

Bhaga merges in key by
Imp . Dams : Pakal Did i Rate

④ Shola Forest India ,

-

Temperate forest ⊕ _ ≤↳ Polar

High Altitudes Evergreen ecosystem -

subtropical
Nilgiri & Palani Hills Tamilnadu Kerala
-

Karnataka Equatorial
Main role
-

*
is Conservation
of water
④
Kayak Backwaters
of
Malabar Coast
-

⑨ Duars
floodplains of Sikkim &
Alluvial
⑦
:
month → full moon
a time
Tides µ
a
-

↳
High organic content Darjeeling New Moon

Thick soil cover Diurnal Tide

↓
cycle
Uniform year
round low tide
rainfall 1

in
high tide -11
Tea
plantations ;
Timber a
day.
☐

Karewas : Thick
deposits of glacial clay .
I
↳ Kashmir fossils
:
of mammals
Bugyals↳ Alpine Pasture / Meadows
⑧ Drainage Patterns
:
land
3000m to 4000m
Himalayan
↳ Inhabited
-

by Bhatia 's .

④ Shivalik Mountains :

Southern
slope is steep
Northern
slope
is
gentle
*
Thickly forested from North East to
Nepal
↳ Decreases to West
from Nepal
Due to
precipitation
.
 ⑦
④

④ Rocks