ENERGY SYSTEMS

BIOMASS , BIO FUEL & BIOGAS

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PRESENTING : ANDERSON FRANCIS & ANA-LEAH JOHNATHAN

 BIOGAS
What is Biogas ?
Biogas is a gas combination predominantly
composed of methane, carbon dioxide, and
hydrogen sulphide that is created from raw
materials such as agricultural waste, manure,
municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green
waste, and food waste. It is a renewable source
of energy.

Biogas is produced by microorganisms

that undergo anaerobic respiration,
such as methanogens and
sulfate-reducing bacteria. Biogas can
apply to both natural and industrial gas.
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 Advantages of biogas :
● It’s eco-friendly

● Upgrading biogas biomethane (also known as RNG)

● To fuel vehicles

Downside To biogas :
● Even after purification and compression, contaminants remain in biogas, it can
corrode your engines and that can lead to high maintenance cost.
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● Production is a temperature-sensitive procedure, it’s affected by the weather

 BIOMASS
What is biomass ?

Biomass energy is obtained from organic

matter. It’s a renewable and sustainable
source of energy that may be used to generate
electricity and other types of power. Manure,
forest debris, scrap lumber, mulch, sewage,
some crops, and various types of waste
residue are examples of common resources
that may be utilized to create biomass fuel.It’s
quite possible to generate energy from organic
matter. One technique of harnessing energy
from organic matter is by producing biomass
energy.
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 Advantages of biomass:

● Renewable form of energy - organic materials used to

produce it are never-ending

● Dependency on fossil fuels is reduced - by utilizing natural

materials to deliver power, there’ll be little to no interest in
non-renewable assets such as coal and gas

● Carbon neutral - biomass energy takes care of itself since

its a natural part of the carbon cycle compared to fossil
based sources (oil, natural gas, coal)
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 Disadvantages of biomass :
● Deforestation - uncontrolled biomass production

● Inefficient compared to fossil fuels - biomass energy may be natural in many ways but
it doesn’t get close to the efficiency of fossil fuels.

● Costly - biomass plants are incredibly expensive

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 Biofuel
What is biofuel ?
Biofuels originate from plants as they make
their own food through the process of
photosynthesis. Some of the best plants used in
biofuel extraction include corn, soy, sunflower,
sorghum, and wheat. Animals such as
herbivores like the domesticated cattle are
primary consumers and, therefore, biofuel is got
from their waste – mostly plant material.Biofuel
is any fuel that is obtained directly from plant or
animal materials, also known as biomass, and
generates bioenergy.
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Both biofuel and fossil fuel produce
emissions which include carbon dioxide,
hydrocarbons and NOx, however plants are
used as biofuels so they act as a carbon
sync and produce O2 from CO2 while
growing and as it is being burnt in an
engine it releases the CO2 that it
consumed back into the atmosphere so
there is no net carbon emissions.However
most commercial biofuels are not 100%
B20 which is a common commercial
biofuel consists of 20% biofuel and 80%
diesel. Although it's just 20% it reduces
new Co2 bring introduced and burns much
cleaner.Biofuel is a fuel that is produced
over a short time span from biomass(any
matter that was once alive), rather than by
the very slow natural processes involved in
the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil.
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 Advantages of biofuel :
● Renewable energy source - clean fuel and environmentally friendly

● Low cost - most biofuels are easy to produce the process and the cost is inexpensive

● Cleanest fuel - biofuels do not release a hefty amount of carbon to the atmosphere
compared to fossil fuels

● Produce less smoke - biodiesels have oxygen atom in their chemical composition, it
burns better and produces less carbon deposits. As a result, biodiesels emit less smoke
and are more environmental friendly.
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 Disadvantages of biofuel :
● Food security - the crops that are in demand for production of biofuel will be
costly and that can pose a threat to some regions food security

● Variation in biofuel quality - not all crops will be equal

● Water shortage - large quantities of water are required to irrigate the biofuel crops,
and it may impose strain on local and regional water resources, if not managed
wisely.
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Thank you!
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