ANALYSIS OF VARIATIONS IN METHANOL AND WATER MIXTURE

IN WATER METHANOL INJECTION AGAINST EXHAUST EMISSIONS

AND TEMPERATURE IN THE INTAKE MANIFOLD IN DIESEL
ENGINE 4JB1-TC

A. Literature Review
a. Water Methanol Injection
Water methanol injection is a device that functions to inject a
mixture of water and methanol into the combustion chamber of an
internal combustion engine. Water Methanol Injection does not work
to replace the fuel injection system of an engine, but works side by
side to increase the efficiency of the output produced by the engine. In
fact methanol has a high octane value, so by injecting side by side with
fuel will result in a more powerful and fuel-efficient engine. By using
the injection principle as a method to enter methanol and water into the
machine. So a system is needed that is able to regulate pressure,
discharge, and injection pulses to keep the tool optimal. Using
mechanical devices such as DC pumps, hoses, and nozzles that work to
inject a mixture of water and methanol into the combustion chamber.
Then the tool will be controlled by an algorithm on a microcontroller.
By adding WMI, it is expected that engine performance will increase
by 5%. Then with the addition of a microcontroller, it is hoped that the
water methanol injection will be more stable, and precise when
injecting water and methanol according to the settings (S, M. 2019).

b. Exhaust Emission
Vehicle exhaust emissions are the residual combustion of fuel in
the vehicle engine that is released through the engine exhaust system,
while the combustion process is a chemical reaction between oxygen
in the air and hydrocarbon compounds in the fuel to produce power. In
a perfect reaction, the remaining combustion results are in the form of
exhaust gases containing Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water (H2O),
Oxygen (O2) and Nitrogen (N2). In practice, combustion that occurs in
vehicle engines does not always run completely so that the exhaust
gases contain harmful compounds such as Carbonmonoxide (CO),
Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogenoxides (NOx) and particulates. In
addition, for fuels containing lead and sulfur, the combustion results in
the vehicle engine will also produce exhaust gases containing
Sulfurdioxide (SO2) and Lead (Pb) (Joko, W. 2017).
c. Diesel Engine
Diesel engine or diesel engine is a type of internal combustion
motor with the main characteristics that are different from other
combustion motors, namely lies in the method of burning fuel.
According to Jusak Johan Handoyo, (2015:34) in the book Diesel
Engine the main mover of the ship. States that a diesel engine is a type
of engine that converts direct heat potential energy into mechanical
energy, or also called a Combustion Engine System. The piston that
moves translationally or back and forth in the cylinder compresses the
air so that it increases the temperature and pressure, then the fuel is
atomized into the combustion chamber, due to the very high
temperature and pressure causing the fuel atomized by the nozzel to
burn by itself (compression ignition engines) and an expansion process
occurs that drives the piston. The power from the piston is passed by
the piston rod to the crankshaft, the translational motion is changed to
rotational motion by the two crankshafts. Combustion (combustion
engine) is divided into two, namely :
1. Internal combustion
One of the types of engines whose combustion is carried out inside
the engine itself. Examples are diesel engines, gasoline engines and
others.
2. External combustion
One type of engine in which the combustion is carried out outside
the engine itself. Examples include steam turbines, steam engines.
The working principle of an Infduk or diesel 4-stroke engine is an
engine that completes one cycle consisting of compression, expansion,
exhaust and suction processes during two revolutions of the crankshaft.
1. TDC (Top Dead Centre)
The position of the piston is at the uppermost point in the engine
cylinder or the piston is at the farthest point from the crankshaft.
2. BDC (Bottom Dead Centre)
The position of the piston is at the bottom point in the engine
cylinder or the piston is at the point closest to the crankshaft.
Here are the steps of the working principle of a 4-stroke mother
machine :
a. Intake
The piston moves from TMA to TMB, the position of the inlet
valve is open and the outlet valve is closed, this movement will
increase the volume inside the cylinder, so that air from the
outside enters the combustion chamber.
 b. Compression
The piston moves from TMB to TMA, the position of the inlet
and outlet valves is closed, resulting in a narrowing of the
volume inside the combustion chamber, resulting in air
compression and an increase in the temperature of the air
present in the combustion chamber.
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the description of the background of the problem, several
problem formulations can be identified including the following :
1. How much influence does the variation of water and methanol mixture
affect the water methanol injection system on the exhaust emissions
produced by car engines?
2. How much does the variation of water and methanol mixture affect the
water methanol injection system on the temperature in the intake
manifold?
3. How much does the variation in the mixture of water and methanol
affect the water methanol injection system on the emissions of
Carbonmonoxide (CO), Carbondioxide (CO2), Nitrogenoxide (NOx),
and Hydrocarbons (HC) produced by car engines?
C. Research Objectives
Based on the formulation of the problem that has been written, the
objectives of this study are as follows :
1. Knowing the effect of variations in the mixture of water and methanol
on exhaust emissions produced by car engines.
2. Do you know the effect of variations in the mixture of water and
methanol on the air temperature in the intake manifold.
3. Knowing the effect of variations in the mixture of water and methanol
on carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogenoxide
(NOx), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions produced by car engines.