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CHAPTER- IV
 tanl Hydc ComyCaten

imciblea o DC imk Camtaol

he Control a OuDe im DC mk
Cam e acheved cdhaoughH Contol ol CuL2Cnt o voltaae.
Ra -Rci
AAAM- AAAM AA-

i teadtate Cuivalent Ctt aa 2- teniMa DC Le

Evs Ev

TNp Nss
Fig Schematic a DC dmk Showimq oandema Kato
Con3idea t u &tecad
tcade euValent Crt a a two teuminal
DC mk ni Llodtd Gn e aump@mht all t
Reuie CCmneLted Jridge 1mdoth blea o4a
Cooveten Stehon
ar idenhcal amd have t dane ed aq
mgleg._ALAo te mmlos
a9uie Cameated ludge (mb)im dan RtetH@ma_ a
mc u Oltoge buae tds amd tdi ar delimd Jy

31/)m,.Evx CoJdx
Fa 3/ EvCaaY -

Name of Lecturer... . . . . . * **** ********** *******************

Where Eyx amd Evi a u ime VoHages in te
lime do Ume
Valve de Lwimdimq g ta aCHJie amd ImYCatCz dtanslc
acaccny. fxcmdg l h

Nss r Vi = VsiEr
Npst Ne Tc
wter Ex md E ane du AC me to Lme) VoH: a Lu
Comverten kue) Gm h neiee amd u imvetez. Ride
l amd Iane tu M@mimal
Amd imvetezSide
Comlinim Ci_0 2 (3 We Can_waite

(Arb/)Casdr
far (ALEL/T) CaY 5

LWher A amd Al ane Contamt

it o Je nded thai fai is delimad lm Jerma a

te Gatimcion Gmgle athen ham i angle a
advame im t imvCtch Eai Cam alda Le Lsutc c

Ga A,E./t)Coa Pr Ra T
whee
Rei(3/n Res K
he Xo amd Xci _ a e dne Jeauroge dCatamce o
Lmveter IGMalomcr i m Ju TeHIen amd Imy@niCr
StaHom eshectaively
he
StudyStde Cuhemd la im tu DC JUnk is otaimcd
dx-dt)
Re Ra-Rci

3wihm- e" (a) 2G im er

tihhm e et
Atr/1z)/a) Cas -(Ai E/Te) Coa
RC -Rei

ta momimats jm e? LA åat, eNCm_Bmaul Chana e m

oltoge Mogmitude3 x g Ei Cam euk im lae
Chamge Im ta Dc CuCmt Contsa yanalue ae
heldLtorstast AR tu YoHage
Chanes Camle uddev iti
VIOu thod mamk Contsol a ComentCn amgle i Mt
Heide Hemce_daeas omd t Ccontsal Cunent dy
Valmg amd lox lm Despome te a jecdlzr mal
eentio

deizcd to Cntso t Cusmeat amd aeIute t e

Voltog e &imulHameul i m t u limk JE_eizalHe do
haye t Cwud Comtral ad u ELHIC Station Lndez
ma CondidHOn2
Name of Lecturer
 he jmaeaxe c oweR im t i limk 2 aLhiyved KCaim

hheloadimga amd mimimijel a CLHYC P C a CoLm

2
ia lmvCtea Cam matVe aperated at mimmmum Y dudly
mmimigimq ho Deactive ou Ccomtmpton at J
mimimigimq-
imyetca alko

aR dheacti@m at miumim ezimCHm aqle at e Imyetea

amd Cuntmt Contxa at_ e en IEAulk meltien
hotage KClaHom tum du GHeraHOn Lum minlmim
Ldelayaomgle at de nnea Omd Cuneoi Consol at e
mYCten_

Cuneat dunimg lme aulh ans auttmc.Hcaly uted

shilethene. 1A a meed o maimtoim CntimCHOm amgle

Chejmventen do avold Camnomlutatiomdalwa, I t
CLomemical lo Opeaate u lomvet©a. at Contant CntmHC
amge CEA).

|lmalea. mxmal Camdltian du eiiae aaates ot Corstant

Cuxaeat (cCJ Contai and imyetea ot e CEA Ccaataca
lmdezte ComdidiOn a ICdueed AC votoge at t a
 o imvedcr im dea io avojd m doum o
LdCUmk, uhem tu zCLAJien Comtsol hi u minutnum
limit amsoth ttaniHon tocm CEAdo CC oke)
P a e ohenenNCnt linK Cunea Staak amg
aNoid_ Clodh o vn Cument Conolleas t u CEnt
eCACmce et u imveatCr i kept kelouhhat af
sEHJIIen k am amolt Colle u Cwnt magim1
mis La kica aleut O a he ded Cuzz@d

ESatem Ceatkal Hieiachy

he Coatal umcHoL
Iseued o he HyDC limk ane doraed_Limghe
hCahica Control tauHie Shaum

SyHCm
Comtoal|
YaC-yaive oacu
Comts
Makteu
Coma

Pole Tole-
Cmca Con yol

VOnC VCC Vnc

igHiezAIChIC Conac tamuHina ex a DC limk

Name of Lecturer ************ **..*.*......
he mmsiea Cantsallea c a Kipole 13 doaoded at One
Q h teimimal amd i enovided wtm He wea
Cxdea (fre) t yliem Comtrollez e mautcz
CotsalleatoaAmit a n e t ndenI o ka2
ble Contnal mk uJhich im ume Vlde aiaimg
amgieadea o t imdividual Value aoLup Comvate):
alls includea ypa alz LlehHem doin,Com
de@n dalue a1eHA epChamqez Contral , Cometca
Shat&foP ieufan(e marjim &uitchimq md ValNe

he ple Ccomral alia imcarpate ale paiccti

m DC imne kmoterHm amd Opicl_CcomYetCz
azalelimg Gonddebaralielimg omcea mautc
Comtnoliëa_ uhich_@NeAeeAh
Coenplete kieole
lmCLude2 H mCH@n O ocLRnc ComtoaL, THue
modulah@nAC Valtoge amd TEaLHye ouer Cant
amd dogRianal aem dampimg Contsa:

hedock_diag zam o pole amd ComvGJCa Centsal.

ia Shoum imig nis Shoulta i c Contsol
mCHom h Cuent Co CmHmCHOm amgle oncI
geneaates aConttol Sigmc Ve uhiCh ie nelatedL
to diamq amgle Comtsa l dna img GmqleContal
Cn gemescde Gale bul&e lm Dexpate do ha Cenfya
1gma : u geiecte picKA tu Smalle C
deieLmmed Cueneat amd CE A Contalle
 Otwbrin
Magontvc

Y-mea
C + Yacr ComtoollC

Seloton
Comtal1

Switch S Clozed os mvctez

Fig- Block dag o Pole 2 Convere ContsolleA-

#PiningAngle Contral
the GpeLcion o CC 2 CEA
ContoalWes 4 CIaLely_dmked wh t method o genc
aHon O ode ulsea doxHa Yalve Jm a Conyet¢
heollowmg
Isimg u JCm¢rai@n OHyDC valve

iaimgImstamt Ja a l u ValweA ae detczmnimed

Otamdpaicntial amd ta diaimq 3igncal ent_do
individiia geiex u I t Sijals tnough dikeh.-CbHc
Name of Lecturer
 Calles
2.
Uhle a Simgle pulse iz adewate do uzm-Cma thysia
dh gae PulcgEmCaad mut BCmd a PlLe whemeyez
UIed y he faHOulaz ValNe iA_do de Rept_1m a
ComduHmg 8tate

ahene e wolaic iaimg &heme, aonel

miyvidual pha CantalIPC)
DIFauidiktant Pheuc Comtral (EPC)_

mdiyidia Phase Coctral_(IPC) :-

he moum eatuae a
h 2 heme L that tu alma Pulle gmenattom Joa
|Cuh_Phaae (K Valye u lnmde penclent a CaLh otea
Gmd du Jalmg plulese are
aigidlyyNChsmized wim
CommutahGn Voltage.
the Ozttwo uauR Jm which hia Came
achive.d-Comtamt oCmtra amdlnveLLe Cosime Centyal
DContant o Comtaa
mtha Cheme Sim immg-
ICCommutaiom) VoJtogej ae deuvedsCmu
AC VIa Conveita
Voltage d¢arsdmer amd an
IPuusea a e JEmeaated at nOmlamalu ldenHicalgahe
imes3u SuseueCt do e FespeLHNeYoltaqe 3eodeay Cao4
 the imtamt o 3geno CLalå1mg a paxtiaular
Cc
Cmmutat on ValHage Camezpcmds doe dzo ox hat yalue.
deiau aneeodued ymdependeat delau Ctt amd_
Contsoled a Comm@n Comtsol Voltag e. deived
JCm de Cuuent_ComrollézA

Czo2ime Varolte
AeACLLO delay C2aC
Puse
Ye

i Constamt clbha Comtool

myele CoAime Cotnl

he are eNCacRVauatHm
Ast m me Commom QLaamgmemt im
La ealh_ phae hited y 90 amd added
timim Voltage
a Commom Qomtaa NOHageV gepeaatels to
Ha3eno Cnaimq Oe
Sum a tuuo VolHoges lmiHata e iximq
tu banhula Valwe CCmudened. He ueder
delay
omima lly L& nmmally opoxional do tuamgle L
Coime mYeze
et cenmol Yolfaqe. oaue depemd
n u AC &i@m Yotage ampli~ude amc
advantage aAMS&htme L nat lhake
u
mam
average
Name of Lecturer Dc
 VoJtaqe acraa3 te jdge Vaes Umealy witm te_
ComaL yoltoge Vc I i ekemttal im ths c heme
de maimtaim lephaje h t at 30c YaniaH@n

Proo
AC i e
Zeno
Voltoe

Detecte T
Vave

go'Phae Snuy+

-Vc

FIrme 1 o

ig my ere Co8ime Cooo]

 noering ARYA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KUKAS, Jaipur
Lecture Notes
Branch.LHa *..
******************** em....X
')
*''****************"****************
Subject:.HVDG. ****************

4-1E T Unit.. Th
Topic...
****************** ************** .. ******** *****'*****'***
. . Lecture No. .. .

udietamt Puue C&ratza EPC)

m thi heme he
iaimg Pulles a gemercted im Headytat a t cual_
1mieava Qte /pedhsough a CaLten he
e dhxee yauaiomu O e EPC khfme-
Pulhe Jaeuen Contxal (PFC)
Pu peuod CamMal
P u e Phas Comral CPPC)

aPule eueoC ContsolPEC

Jm h 3 Scheome, a oltage
Comtnolled oieilatr (YCo) jaUed tu seuenCy o
Which RdeiCamimed J Conta Valtage Vc Uhilh
zelated tnte emox m te uamtty. LCuaeat,
mimHin amgle ox DC YoJtage) lelmq eulaed
eLem lm ktfady tateOReaaHn B Cualte P
Whene fo Lhe mcmmlmc aewenC C he dyem:
PEC Sieom ha am lmiezaal ChanadasHa Gnd ha do
e uRed alem wth a deedladr Coanta tEon e ftakl-

he VoHage Consaled Ciellater (VCO) Comaiita

am tegxatr, Lompaxatr amd a buLe gen@ratce
GLutputPulhes du geneaatr dave Ju rhmq Ccm1ez
amd alke HALAA CJEt A teqMter imttcint (ln
he nm dnjieBLLAe L detcammimed zcm
ollou m equaHen
Name of Lecturer
 toa-

UN-1

LuheaeVV a sia CConstamt) votage amd Va i

sopoxhienal_ do tu Saaiem period
m `tcady tate Ve=a amd TOm e )

KV(t-tni =Va
Simce

mm iead toe gaim k Q u lmieanater

Chale a

Vo ltaae Comtrolita 2lio lea

M
tm
COmb Co'n-

19BoCk dia a PFC z8iCm

 neering ARYA INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KUKAS, Jaipur
Branch: lstxiCc Rcture Notes
KUNAS, JAJIPUR
A:IETR ... Subject. VDC
*********'**************"********

Topic * *****''* Unit......

************* *** *****'************
Lecture No. ******************** ************* *

h e Cet im alove di9

doe ma imcospgaje emay
CadecH@n Cwheme Saiema en deyjaies {om Jo)
he CUEMA CeHCM aLLemdim o Amius tn B-
Gtaimed deivimg Vg Shouwm_m 9-
Y2
HS

V KY (tn--1n-2)
om futst Oomrator
Rezct
Sombe
1ST
tm- hold

ELUCMy Cehion Jer PFC

ulae Penind Cocto

this L &imilan to PFC
kuL ulay m ühich l i Contral
em(ebbt
hamdled he3txcture La Same a
Yoltage Vc L
Vc L mouo&mmed l h Yg
PFC howeNen2
imdtamt tn mitcad V huu
u ulae qeneLation givene
t
RVdt= Vat Ye
Name of Lecturer : ..
*************************** ********
 KV, L t n - t - = YatVe

lodertal l Conkutye Pulke,m

WLn Vc E0_t
- S L CanacHy Cual do p

ig Fimim Pulhe train

he rewen Cu CrecHEn m mis &chemme 8 aktalmed

elhnen_upatmg V m TAecme u S4iHem
re VaniaH@n o ImcLudimg amofhea micatA_m-
tu CC Ox CGA ConTrolle

F CPilse Phase Laotsol CPPC_

h i i ha keem uggexitd
mpamd Gmd Rande Reeye 2 Sevcnco uggeH
am Gmao Cxt Coniged dto geneaate img Pu
aLiexdim9 o u e llowim9 e "

K y dt = Ven-Yc(m-) t Y3
 Uhene VCm 2 Vccni Oee Control Yotages aT_
t iostaat 1a 2 t - eapezttYey

he majes adyamtage l PPG ONCRPFC ae '-

Easy imcuinq lmits limitimg Ne m
IPC aa
D limeaalzain o Contol ChasactesilHC mCwdimgH
am Imvene Ca&ime JumCH@m HoclkolHen te Cune
Comtso)lea

#Cuznet amd FartinchiemAmgle Comtaak

he eatimchiom amqle Centollea Camle aedective

pe eKdecdkrur e Loith IPc Contral. prcdichue
Cntnollea caia Conideztd o e d e s cme to
Commaicationallurs amd m lmYauiayAled lm
HeEanl chemea eedex Comtol Lwim EPEC
pe idi2tamteule Cemtaol NCacOmeA erchln
a&eciated With IPC

Name of Lecturer **************** ***********************.**

 h e eimetiom amgle, a CPpORdo UneT iLa
di&zcate Vauade amd i t was delt that Jeedles
IContaol o 9amma L 8buuen tham predichve
e

m JEnezal f ooediction cy_izimg amgle. Jeund

u uaH©n

Whena Uj Le tu CNerlap amgle o Value 1, Whch 4

pscdcted ed n tte Curreat 1mowlege ol
CommmutatiM VOHage Cmd DC CLenent:

F ntima 2&tapim_ DC mk p
D Emenai2athon Gnd DeCnC igati©n ol a lridge
CCmziden VY See
Cnmeded lridge at a ComYete 8tation. 1one
e udge 1do e tokem Gut ol vice ute
Het ned not Cmly Hod rut lypo tu laldje
h e pasimg a tu lidge Camle done un t
help oa ëpcacute pa yalye o achvai
a paR Polo im uu udge uwo yalNes_iamtu aaome
dum a udje)
 ******************* ***************

was
the b a ValNeued witn mezr au Yalve
whe te makez pyatH-
Cal Bo Le pa PalTz.

aeemesi20ticn
heeBO CeA deeneigati@n a a
ridjei Shown imig
s

A
di A Conveten lidje wtth Li o)aetes

the Vawe 2 amd 3 a fumed to Le Condut-

ing imitiallu Uhem Haceim9- Comm.amd i2 given.
with h RejecHm cu p par 1amd 4 u
ComoutaHOm acm Valye 2 amd 4 4 intu
Uual mammen t u Cammtatiomacm yalWe
3 Jo ValVe E 1 eNented

m tu Cae oNPaedeicacninm.ed Choice a tu pod

amtu ime l e t u cem_ta oCkm Command
md te unearkeafea da Jpa eatn Cam Vay
a xetiCa
Name Lecturer
dje
 thee L mo ime lag 1mvolyed
m
ImveLte

wavelcomdes eIELHJer amd

VoHoge
t a imventer ae hown m +-
he Cyerlap NeyieLted he

ia VoHage uavebom dusimg de-Cmjiaation dor etijiea

amd ovente

h e Cnetocm te pai air i fhunicd e

a mechamical kutch S ihh te ald o4 tc 12olait
S t ridge Cam naw LeLgalated.u LAelattd
fair S amd KultCh S are imteroked Swh tnat onE
as otm an aluau Clo2ed
Cme1q13atiom o a LdocKed udge done 1
uuo StagesH Cuzzet la J a t diveted C
S to o
J ealT. fos hi t a SmT
genCgade u TELUITE a Yoltoge amd de mml3e
hia Valoge, utu Cout imductamce omutLe Srrall.
m Cose J bad poir daik do take cNe te Cuzne
S mt Clage auttmaicall tu C2ert im hacit
doe not beccme ger.o atte a sedeaiaate3ec
mimed time mteulal.AC Lealress e d tHtn
w+Ch S.
m tu Recamd taje e emeagizaton tu Curneat
R_diveted m t J p a eair fes e Ch
jer his Cam take plaLe mitamtcmeau! melecha.
NEnlap Houwevenox tu myeaten tu tranaiHom
DCUes Seome iome dog. t Voltcge wavelcme
o hii Cae ak Rhoum

Hig Vatage uayelmmi duiom CaigexiCm

amd mYCtC
des aetlien

Name of Lecturer:..
 Hghelenel Coatao.llcn&
he fouer 1m a D¢CUamt1He
link
Cam alo _le Contoolled lm eapomge to e CulN
deuved m te AC 8tEm im ode to Improye tt

adidional buea (ox Gnct) oKdea deived Cm am eme

genCyouue Comtollez or amillay Comto)
D rawemcy Cmd Pauea arauenG Caatao
heaeuEm
Ccomto l Ca e ed lom te Cose ot Ó Lelcted load
amd ) 1&elatcd 9emeraieM:

he nEulean pouueA Stations ane Vey niiVe da

Gutput ouUer amd ewenG uctuaiom R rope
Coatolgu fouen Caied On Dcmis 1m
| a hubxid daatmijiCn RtEm ComLHm9 aLnth
HVDC Gnd UHy ume ku ewemy Vauatims m
duuimg- ieady ste amd tsanuent CcmdHOM Camd
miLaaed:.
Whem ch Dc Jimk 13 URd a a tie JLetueemtun
ouen Hem tu mewenCyia Came used do
adilt u buelou9 GNEatu He to aHH
Sy8tem lom dilgicult
I tu to le ated hat am HVDC Lmk ha Mo _intaeaid
Sen3Lv to Aytcm aeuencnlc tia delilerotely
Imtoodueed Im hu Control &aatem thaut t a Canteat
Tbuen lou Cam de veaspeed a eceiving t en ublch
 ha acame Sepasade Jacm tar or all of JR
ogd eNCn i 9oveunor Cut-ol a l amany ema
nlou do daca generoH@n
Similaly, a emdiomg BiCm Gum JreJrOught evemh
a o a halt, 14 moKe bwe 4 GCuuTtd ncmlt-
han tu Commectcd gemCti n Camxodure a

U&taliligation lAG Ties>

wheo a DC tie i Ccmmeeted
to aatem 1itn uleak_AC ie to eghbourim
ten DC Limk Pauwea Came yaied Qucrly amd
autmaticnlly o kalamce J load Houa amd malartain_

A DC Hie luaed im easalUlel with AC tieCam le.

Cmployed co damptuWoun aeuemy imeaasca 0ellat
Ons m duACie he Cotal Signal LLed Cam l
he ode o Change oAc ie imepouen (er auut)
s phae amgle dilerene arzc d Acine hHe
DcHeHe Cam alie ovide feueny Cataol der Cre
Cmd t AC _He ecomes dL&OmeaItd d Cantmu
eComit EAnhCoonzectioy te AC He

the aatHye ouen Ccostao &

j lmprtamt PaHCulan Im wealx Ac &temjm
edmg u dmamc ONCNaltage ALBa 1m imvete
tu Jat SCahye ouwer Contsol Cam help m allawins
Name of Lecturer
HeimjCcH@n a mCacacd Towe a hme o nred
do mpavc tuSabLUdy O t u Ccuvmg emd AC
J