FOREST HILLS ACADEMY OF BAYUGAN CITY, INC.

Magkiangkang, Bayugan City

“The School That Trains Leaders”

COMPUTER SYSTEM

SERVICING - NCII

Name of Student: Year Level:

Address:

MARK ANGELOU S. SAMONTIZA

TEACHER

MARKSAMONTIZA@YAHOO.COM

FACEBOOK ACCOUNT

Marksamontiza793@gmail.com

GMAIL ACCOUNT

09215940965

CONTACT NO:

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 INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING

COMPUTER SYSTEMS (ICCS)

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Lesson you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1 Assemble computer hardware

LO 2 Prepare installer

LO 3 Install application software

LO 1 Assemble computer hardware

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 LEARNING COMPETENCIES

 Obtain tools, equipment and testing devices needed to carry out installation work in
accordance with established procedures and check for correct operation and safety.

 Assemble computer hardware in accordance with established procedures and system requirements.

 Perform BIOS configuration in accordance with hardware requirements.

LET’S EXPLORE!

Please answer this question at your answer sheet page 1, LO 1.

How to assemble computer hardware?

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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

LET’S FIND OUT!

Information sheet 1.1

INSTALL EQUIPMENT / DEVICES and SYSTEMS

October 21, 2018 by ruel carballo, posted in ict - chs9

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Personal Protective Equipment – It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed to
protect the wearer‘s body or clothing from injury by electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, for
job-related occupational safety and health purposes.

PPE can also be used to protect the working environment from pesticide application, pollution or infection
from the worker (for example in a microchip factory).

It is important that students and teachers during their laboratory period should be required to use the
personal protective equipment. Some of these are:

GOGGLES
Goggles are a large spectacles, with shields around the rims, for protecting the eyes from dust, excessive
light, wind, etc

RUBBERS SOLE
A special type of shoes used to prevent electrical shock and for waterproofing and insulating purposes.

FACE MASKS
A covering for the face to prevent the inhaling or absorbing dust and other chemicals.

GLOVES
The covering material with a separate sheath for each finger used for hand protection.

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Static electricity is the discharge of electricity between two objects with different electrical potential.
Humans can‘t feel a static shock until it is several thousand volts strong, but it takes less than 30 volts to fry a
sensitive computer component, such as a stick of RAM or a processor.

The little shock you experience while you are walking across a carpeted floor or when you touched a
doorknob, table, counter or even another person is a result of static electricity.

That‘s why computer technicians and home computer builders have to guard their computers against the
deadly ravages of static electricity, as well as take steps to avoid injury.

SAFETY AND ANTI-STATIC RULES

 Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer (except when working on
monitors).

 Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any powered peripherals while you are
working on it.

 Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand before you touch anything
inside. Do this even if you are wearing an anti-static wristband.

 Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (non-metallic) edge. Don‘t touch the
pins or other connectors.

 Never plug an ATX power supply into AC power unless it is connected either to a computer‘s
motherboard or to a dummy test load.

 Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power Supply that incorporates surge
and spike protection.

 Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer.

SYSTEM’S SPECIFICATION
whenever you purchase software or hardware for your computer, you should first make sure your computer
supports the system requirements. These are the necessary specifications your computer must have in order
to use the software or hardware. For example, a computer game may require your computer to have
Windows XP or later, a 2.0 GHz processor, 512 MB of RAM, a 64 MB graphics card, and 500 MB or hard drive
space. If your computer does not meet all of these requirements, the game will not run very well or might not
run at all.

It is important to check system requirements for hardware devices. For example, if you buy a printer, it may
require either Windows 10 or Mac OS X 10.14 or later. It may also require a USB port and 80 MB of available
hard drive space. If your computer does not have any USB ports, you will not be able to physically connect
the printer. If your machine does not have Windows 10 or Mac OS X 10.14 or later, the printer drivers may be
incompatible with your operating system. This means your computer will be unable to recognize the printer.

Most hardware and software products have the system requirements printed on the side or bottom of the
product packaging. When you are shopping for computer software or hardware, it is a good idea to first find
out exactly what your system‘s specifications are and write them down on a piece of paper. The important
information to record includes

1. Operating System (i.e. Windows 10 or Mac OS X 10.14)

2. Processor Speed (i.e. Intel Core i7 H Series or AMD Ryzen 7 2700X)

3. Memory, a.k.a. RAM (i.e. DDR4 SDRAM)

4. Graphics Card (i.e. GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition 11GB GDRR6 14Gbps memory speed)

5. Hard Disk Space (i.e. 4 TB available)

6. I/O Ports (i.e. USB, Fire wire, Serial, Parallel, SCSI, VGA, DVI ports)

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In broad terms, the performance of a computer depends on four factors: the speed and architecture of its
processor or ―central processing unit‖ (CPU), how much random access memory (RAM) it has, its graphics
system, and its internal hard drive speed and capacity.

Also of importance to most users will be the specification of its Internet connection. Most computer users and
in particular those working with a lot of photographs, music files or videos should also think about the most
suitable storage devices they will need in order to keep and backup all of their valuable data.

PROCESSOR SPEED AND ARCHITECTURE

The speed of a computer‘s processor chip (technically known as its ―clock speed‖) is measured in gigahertz
(GHz), with the fastest modern processors currently running at up to 4.7GHz. However, for most computing
tasks, including web browsing, sending e-mails, word processing and spreadsheet work any processor
running at 2GHz or more remains perfectly sufficient.

For applications such as video editing, 3D graphics work and (for the majority of ―power users‖) playing
computer games, higher processor speeds are highly required. CPU performance is now determined by far
more than raw speed alone. Intel made this very clear when it introduced its system of processor numbers.

These provide an indication of a processor‘s ―architecture‖, ―cache‖ and ―front side bus (FSB) speed‖ in
addition to its clock speed.

ARCHITECTURE
The ARCHITECTURE of a processor is the most important factor to determine its performance and refers to its
basic design and complexity. Some processors are simply more sophisticated than others, with Intel (for
example) producing ―basic‖ processors called Celerons and Pentiums, as well as more powerful processors
under its ―Core‖ processor family. The latter include the Core 2, Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7, with the last of
these being the most powerful.

In addition to clock speed and architecture, a processor‘s cache and front side bus (FSB) speed also
determine a computer‘s overall power. CACHE is a form of very fast memory integrated into the processor
chip and used to store up instructions (work for the processor) so that it has to slow down as little as possible
between tasks. Cache is measured in megabytes (MB), with (for example) low-end Celeron processors
having as little as 0.25MB of cache (256KB), and high-end Itaniums having up to 24MB. The simple message is,
the more cache the better- through high levels of cache still come at a very significant price.

FRONT SIDE BUS (FSB)

Front side bus (FSB) speed is a measure of how fast a microprocessor communicates with the computer‘s
main circuit board (or ―motherboard‖) into which it is physically connected. Again, the higher the measure
the better for overall performance, with FSB, speeds currently ranges from 533MHz (still perfectly sufficient for
the vast majority of applications) up to 1600 MHz.

To a large extent, the more RAM a computer has the faster and more effectively it will operate. Computers
with little RAM have to keep moving data to and from their hard disks in order to keep running. This tends to
make them not just slow in general, but more annoyingly intermittently sluggish.

RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB), as detailed on the storage page. Just how much
RAM a computer needs depends on the software it is required to run effectively. A computer running
Windows 10 will usually function quite happily with 4GB of RAM.

GRAPHICS SYSTEM
A computer‘s graphics system determines how well it can work with visual output. Graphics systems can
either be integrated into a computer‘s motherboard or plugged into the motherboard as a separate ―video
card‖. Graphics systems integrated into the motherboard (also known as ―onboard graphics‖) are now quite
powerful and sufficient for handling the requirements of most software applications aside from games
playing, 3D modeling, and some forms of video editing.

Any form of modern computer graphics system can now display high-resolution color images on a standard-
sized display screen. The more sophisticated graphics cards now determine how well a computer can
handle the playback of high definition video, as well as the speed and quality at which 3D scenes can be
rendered. Another key feature of separate graphics cards is that most of them now allow more than one
display screen to be connected to a computer. Others also permit the recording of video.

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As a basic rule, unless a computer is going to be used to handle 3D graphics or to undertake a significant
volume of video editing or recording, today there is little point in opting for anything other than onboard
graphics (not least because separate graphics cards consume quite a lot of electricity and create quite a
lot of heat and noise). Adding a new graphics card to a computer with onboard graphics is also a very easy
upgrade if required in the future.

HARD DRIVE SPEED AND CAPACITY

today 500GB is an absolute minimum hard drive size for a new computer running Windows 10, with a far
larger capacity being recommended in any situation where more than office software is going to be
installed. Where a computer will frequently be used to edit video, a second internal hard disk dedicated only
to video storage is highly recommended for stable operation. Indeed, for professional video editing using a
program like Premiere Pro CC, it recommends that a PC has a fast internal SSD.

Two key factors determine the speed of traditional, spinning hard disks. The first is the rotational velocity of
the physical disk itself. This can currently be 4200, 5400, 7200, 10000 or 15000 rpm (revolutions per minute). The
faster the disk spins, the quicker data can be read from or written to it, hence the faster the disk the better
(although faster disks consumer more power, make more noise, and generate more heat). Most desktop and
laptop hard disks run at either 5400 or 7200 rpm.

The second key factor that determines the performance of a traditional, internal hard disk is the interface
used to connect it to the computer‘s motherboard. Three types of interface exist: Serial Advance
Technology Attachment (SATA), which is the most modern and now pretty much the norm on new
PCs; Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) (also known as UDMA), which is a slower and older form of interface,
and finally SCSI, which happens to be the oldest but in it most modern variant is still the fastest disk interface
standard.

How much have you learn?

Self-check 1.1

Please answer the following questions located at your work sheet page 1, LO 1.

INFORMATION 1.2

How to Build a Computer – Step By Step Info graphic

We get questions all the time from people who have never built a computer before, but it‘s really not that
difficult as long as you know how.

 So if you‘ve ever found yourself asking questions like any of the following…

 What do I need to know to build my own computer?

 What‘s involved in assembling a computer from scratch?

 Am I going to be getting in over my head?

 How do I build a fully customized computer from parts?

Then we think our step-by-step illustrated info graphic may help you get a quick overview of the entire PC
build process!

So if you are new to PC assembly and are interested in getting involved, please check out our info graphic
below for a step-by-step guide in pictures of how to build your own computer.

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DIY Computer Assembly: An Info graphic

Planning Your Build (Safety First!)

If this is the first computer you‘ve built, it can pay to make sure you do a bit of forward planning.

1. Have a suitable work area, with good lighting and plenty of space.
2. Ensure you have all required tools on hand for easy access. Consider keeping a container
nearby to hold loose parts like screws.
3. Have a guide/reference material nearby (this guide, or an instructional video). You may also
want to quickly skim over the relevant sections of the manuals for the individual parts you‘re
about to assemble. These are typically included as a paper insert in the product packaging.
4. Ensure your area is not at risk of static electricity, which has the potential to damage your
parts.
5. Be aware of safety precautions.

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Tools

Surprisingly, you don‘t need many tools to put a PC together.

 Screwdriver (Philips head) – Used for nearly all screws including case and various component
mounting screws
 Screwdriver (Flat head) – You may need this for installing your CPU cooler, so it‘s best to have one on
hand just in case

Optional extras include:

 Anti-Static Wrist strap – If you are worried about static damaging your parts, you can opt to use an
anti-static wrist strap
 Cable ties – A must for cable management (unless your case has some included with it). These will
keep all cabling in your case nice and neat
 Scissors – For cutting excess length off cable ties and making short work of any pesky plastic
packaging on your computer parts
 Flashlight – In case you need a little extra light to see what you‘re doing

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and Your Computer Parts

You may have heard about electrostatic discharge (ESD), or simply ‗static‘ being harmful to computer parts.
If you‘ve ever shocked yourself from static when touching a metal object, that‘s what this is referring to.

ESD can occasionally be thousands of Volts which has the potential to cause damage to computer parts.

Generally though, it‘s pretty rare. By following good practice (I.e. Grounding yourself to remove any static
build-up), it‘s very unlikely that you‘ll have any issues with ESD.

To ground yourself, simply touch the metal casing of your computer case to bring yourself to the same
electrical potential as it. You can do this often throughout the assembly process to discharge any electrical
potential you may have built up.

Avoid building up any charge on your body by limiting how much you move around or what you touch (e.g.
you don‘t want to be shuffling your feet on a carpeted surface on a dry day while you are building your new
PC). If you get worried, simply discharge yourself to the computer case by touching it with your bare hands
again.

If you‘re still concerned about static, you can get yourself an anti-static wrist strap, which simply keeps your
body in contact with the case of the computer at all times while you are building your PC.

About Our Step-by-step Guide to Building Your Own Computer

There are a few different ways you can tackle building a computer, and when it comes down to it, take the
one you feel most comfortable with.

The process we‘ve outlined in our computer build info graphic is just one of the ways we prefer to build PCs,
but there is some flexibility around it.

For instance, you could easily switch around steps (and in fact, we did when we went through our detailed
build guide), or even do what‘s called an ‗out of the case‘ build.

Over the internet you‘ll find opinions everywhere, and the truth is, nearly all of the different methods are
justifiable with their own pros and cons. Examples of other build orders that can work and some popular
‗build methods‘ are:

1. Building Outside of the Case:

This method involves partially assembling the motherboard and associated units (CPU, CPU cooler, and RAM)
outside of the case, then transplanting this whole unit to within the case before continuing with the build
assembly.

Pros:

 When outside of the case, you‘ve plenty of ‗working space‘ to mount the CPU, cooler and RAM
 You have better visibility to ensure components are mounted correctly

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Cons:

 Mounting the components on the motherboard without it suitably supported has the potential to
cause damage
 Trying to install the motherboard into the case with components like the CPU cooler already mounted
to it may be difficult depending on where the motherboard mounts are located. Sometimes you may
not be able to fit your screwdriver where it needs to be if other parts like the CPU cooler or RAM get in
the way.
2. Changing Up the Order of Mounting Components

Whether you choose to build ‗inside the case‘ or ‗outside the case‘, you can still assemble individual parts in
nearly any order you choose.

Examples:

 Power supply -> Motherboard -> CPU -> RAM -> Graphics card -> Storage and optical drives
 Motherboard -> Power supply -> Storage and optical drives -> CPU -> RAM -> Graphics card
 It‘s up to you! However, if you‘re new we suggest following a build guide until you get an idea of your
personal preferences when it comes to build order.

Pros/Cons:

 Depending on the order of assembly, some parts can get in the way of other parts when trying to
mount them, or result in less working space/room inside the case for installing other parts.
 Be careful as there are some items which must be installed in a certain order (for instance, you cannot
install the CPU cooler without first installing the CPU).
 If you are deviating from the suggested order, be sure to think ahead, as sometimes you may not be
able to access fastening points (for example, some graphics card/motherboard combinations can
result in not being able to release the RAM fastening clips once the graphics card is installed; in which
case you would need to install your RAM before your graphics card).

Computer Assembly Steps:

Step 1: Open Case

1. Remove the back screws

2. Take side cover off
It‘s easiest to work on your PC with it laying sideways on a flat surface, so the open side is facing up. Don‘t
forget to ground yourself (by touching the case) before working on assembling parts.

Keep any screws which were supplied with the case separate and take note of the different types. Most
cases will come with a few different packets of screws and they may have different sizes or threads, so make
sure to match them up with the correct mounting locations as best as possible. If in doubt, refer to the
documentation which came with your computer case.

Step 2: Mount Motherboard

1. Screw motherboard standoffs into the case

2. Punch out rear I/O plate from the case (if existing) and replace it with the motherboard I/O plate
3. Fasten the motherboard in place on top of the mounting standoffs
There a few different sizes (also known as ‗form factors‘) of motherboard commonly available, so most cases
have screw positions that will accommodate the various sizes of motherboard. You don‘t need to install
mounting standoffs in all of them; just the ones that match your motherboard will be fine.

The I/O plate is an input-output plate which is simply a metal cover that is customized to your particular
motherboard. You‘ll need to remove the default I/O plate that may have been supplied with your case and
swap it out for the one that came with your motherboard.

Screws and standoffs are often supplied with your computer case, however sometimes screws may be
supplied with a motherboard.

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Step 3: Mount Processor (CPU)

1. Locate the CPU socket holder on the motherboard

2. Lift up the latch lever to release and hinge open the CPU socket cover.
3. Holding the CPU by its sides, line up any alignment notches or the triangle marked on the corner of the
CPU to the triangle marked on the motherboard. Gently place it straight down into the motherboard
socket to seat the CPU
4. Lower the CPU socket cover over the CPU and lower the latch lever closed again to secure the CPU
socket holder closed
Don‘t apply force to seat the CPU. Avoid touching of pressing down on the back of the CPU with your
fingers, as any residue from your hands can destroy the heat transfer surface for the cooler which will be
mounted next.

Another important thing to note is to remove any plastic packaging around the CPU socket cover before
installing your CPU and cooler. Usually there is a piece of removable hard plastic somewhere around the
CPU socket cover which serves to protect the CPU terminal pins on the motherboard. Be sure to remove and
discard this as you install your CPU.

Step 4: Install CPU Cooler

Make sure the CPU cooler is installed directly to the back of the CPU metal housing. We‘ve heard stories of
installations where the plastic packaging on the CPU socket cover (which is meant to be discarded after
CPU installation) was not removed, and the CPU cooler was mistakenly mounted to the plastic. Don‘t make
this expensive mistake, as this will cause overheating and damage to your CPU.

1. If required, apply thermal paste to the back of the CPU

2. Seat CPU heatsink/cooler and fix in position.
3. Plug the power cable attached to the cooler fan into the motherboard connector.

Some CPU coolers do come with a thermal pad already applied, in which case you can skip step 1. If yours
doesn‘t, you will need to apply thermal paste to the CPU surface before seating the CPU cooler in position.

Cable headers on motherboards vary in their location depending on what motherboard you have. To
identify the correct header, look for the labeling on the motherboard; they are always labeled next to the
header with the intended connection, for example:

 CPUFAN = CPU fan

 SYS_FAN1 = System fan (any general fan can be plugged in here)
 SYS_FAN2 = System fan (any general fan can be plugged in here)

Step 5: Install Power Supply (PSU)

1. Mount the power supply and fasten with screws to the case mounting points
2. Plug the largest cabling connector from the power supply cabling into the motherboard power
connector.
3. Plug the 8-pin cabling connector from the power supply cabling into the CPU power connector
Most power supplies will have a whole bunch of cabling and connectors coming out of the rear. Others may
have sockets for cables to be plugged in. We find it easiest to connect the power cabling for each
hardware component to the power supply as you assemble the PC (rather than waiting until the all parts are
assembled and plugging in all power cables at once); we do it this way so that you won‘t accidentally
forget to connect power to any device.

Step 6: Mount Memory (RAM)

1. Press to open the clips at both ends of the RAM mounting slots
2. Line up the notch on the RAM stick with the mounting slot
3. Seat the RAM and press it firmly down into the slot. The tabs should automatically latch closed as you
press the RAM down, securing the RAM in place
4. Install any other RAM sticks using the same process

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Most motherboards will have multiple RAM mounting slots. If you are installing pairs of RAM sticks, mount
them in the same color slots on the motherboard.

When pressing the RAM into the motherboard mounting slots, you‘ll often have to use a fair amount of force
to ensure it is seated properly. Be careful not to flex the motherboard too much when doing this – it can help
to support the edge of the board if necessary with your spare hand to avoid bending the motherboard too
much as you press down on the back of the RAM stick.

Step 7: Install Graphics Card

Not all computers have a dedicated graphics card. If you have decided to use the on-board graphics of
your motherboard instead of installing a dedicated graphics card, you can skip this section.

1. Remove the expansion slot covers from the rear of your case where the graphics card will sit
2. The graphics card slots into a PCI expansion slot on the lower half of the motherboard. Line it up and
press down firmly to seat the card.

3. Put in the screws to hold the graphics card in place

4. Plug in the power connector cables from your power supply into the graphics card power connector
(if existing – not all graphics cards required external power)
When you plug in your display monitor, always use the output ports of the graphics card first(if you have one
installed) and not the output ports of the motherboard itself. This ensures you are actually using your graphics
card!

Step 8: Mount Storage Drives

Storage drives come in two main sizes: a 3.5″ form factor or 2.5″ form factor. Due to their smaller size, 2.5″
drives may need an adapter plate to mount them within your PC case. The exact mounting strategy for
storage drives will vary from computer case to computer case.

Sometimes, you may need to refer to the manual for your case in order to fit drives into the drive bays.

1. Mount storage drives in the case drive bays. Fix the drive in place with screws through the case frame
into the case mounting holes located on the storage drive
2. Connect the drive to the motherboard using a SATA cable
3. Plug in power cabling to the storage drive
4. Mount any other storage drives in the same way
External storage drives will typically come with two connections that you need to make: power and data;
which is why we plug in two separate cables to each drive. The data connection cable is a SATA cable
which connects between the motherboard and the storage drive. The power connection cable supplies
power to the drive, and plugs into the drive from the power supply.

Step 9: Mount Optical Drive

Optical drives are optional and only required if you wish to read or write CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs. Some
people choose not to include an optical drive in their PC build if they don‘t plan on using optical discs.

1. Remove any front panels from the computer case where the optical drive will sit.
2. Mount optical drive in the case by fixing with screws through the case frame into the case mounting
holes located on the optical drive

3. Connect the optical drive to the motherboard using a SATA cable

4. Plug in power cabling from your power supply to the optical drive
Just like external storage drives that we connected in Step 8, optical drives also require two connections:
power and data. Again, the data connection cable is a SATA cable which connects the optical drive to the
motherboard. The power connection cable supplies power to the drive, and plugs into the drive from the
power supply

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Step 10: Connect case fans and front panel connectors

Some computer cases come with case fans already installed/mounted within the case. However, you will still
need to plug the power cables of these fans into a header port located on your motherboard. This supplies
the fan with power which is required for it to operate.

In other cases you might need to mount your own case fans, or you may even choose to run your computer
without any case fans at all.

Front panel connections may vary according to your case, but typically comprise of the same components:
audio, USB, and power/reset/lights etc. These will be present in the form of cables that come from the front
panel; the ends of which will be hanging loose in your case. You‘ll need to hook these up to the appropriate
locations on your motherboard.

1. Mount any case fans within your case as required using the supplied screws or clips
2. Connect any case fan power connectors to the multiple fan headers located at various places on the
motherboard.
3. Identify the cabling from the front panel ports of your PC. These front panel connectors will need to be
plugged into the motherboard so that buttons and inputs/outputs (I/O) on your case front panel will
work
4. Connect any front panel audio connectors to the the motherboard front audio header
5. Connect any front panel USB connectors to the motherboard USB headers
6. Connect the front panel case connectors to the motherboard front panel I/O headers
Different computer cases may have slightly different I/O connections, but generally both the connectors and
motherboard headers are labelled, so use these to your advantage when working out where to plug each
cabling connector! If in doubt, refer to the documentation which came with your motherboard, which
should tell you exactly where to connect these items.

Step 11: Close Case and Connect Peripherals

Before closing up your case completely, you may wish to do some ‗cable management‘, which means
tucking away, rerouting, or removing and securing any loose slack from cables which would otherwise be
hanging around loose in your case.

We recommend using cable ties to neatly secure cables in bundles and away from any moving parts (such
as fans).

1. Place the side cover back on

2. Secure the side panel with case screws
3. Connect peripheral devices including mouse, monitor, keyboard, speakers etc.

Connecting Peripherals

Connecting peripherals to your computer once it is all assembled is a matter of simply making sure
everything you want to use with your computer (like keyboard, mouse, speakers etc) is plugged in to the
right spot. Use the following list as a guide for what goes where:

Plug into USB ports:

 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Wireless network dongle
 Printers
 Webcams

Plug into 2.5mm sockets:

 Speakers
 Microphone
 Line-in/line-out devices

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Plug into internet ports:

 Internet connection
 Local area network (LAN) cables

Plug into display ports:

 Monitor / screens
 Be sure to plug into the correct display ports: always plug into the graphics card display output (if you
have one installed) instead of the motherboard display ports.
 If you don‘t have a dedicated graphics card, then plug into the motherboard‘s display output ports.

How much have you learn?

Self-check 1.2

Please answer the following questions located at your work sheet page 2, LO 1.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.3

System Configuration

The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time,
and system configuration details it needs to start the computer. ... CMOS is a type of memory technology,
but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup.

What is the difference between BIOS and CMOS?

Updated: 06/02/2020 by Computer Hope

The terms BIOS and CMOS both refer to essential parts of your computer's motherboard. They work together
and they're both important, but they are not the same thing.

Let's take a look at what the BIOS and CMOS are, and how they're different.

BIOS

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware stored in a chip on your computer's motherboard. It is the
first program that runs when you turn on your computer.

The BIOS performs the POST, which initializes and tests your computer's hardware. Then it locates and runs
your boot loader, or loads your operating system directly.

The BIOS also provides a simple interface for configuring your computer's hardware. When you start your
computer, you may see a message like "Press F2 for setup." This setup is your BIOS configuration interface.

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CMOS

When you make changes to your BIOS configuration, the settings are not stored on the BIOS chip itself.
Instead, they are stored on a special memory chip, which is referred to as "the CMOS."CMOS stands for
"Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor." It's the name of a manufacturing process used to
create processors, RAM, and digital logic circuits, and is also the name for chips created using that process.

Like most RAM chips, the chip that stores your BIOS settings is manufactured using the CMOS process. It holds
a small amount of data, usually 256 bytes. The information on the CMOS chip includes types of disk drives are
installed, the current date and time of your system clock, and your computer's boot sequence.

On some motherboards, the CMOS is a separate chip. However, on most modern motherboards, it is
integrated with the RTC (real-time clock) on the southbridge.

Your BIOS memory is non-volatile: it retains its information even when your computer has no power because
your computer needs to remember its BIOS settings even when it's turned off. That's why the CMOS has its
own dedicated power source, which is the CMOS battery.

CMOS battery

The CMOS battery is a lithium-ion battery about the size of a coin. It can hold a charge for up to ten years
before needing to be replaced. If your CMOS battery dies, you‘re BIOS settings will reset to
their defaults when your computer is turned off.

Tip

If you turn on your computer and your settings were reset or forgotten, your CMOS battery may be dead. For
example, your hard drive may no longer detect correctly, or your system clock may be reset to a date in the
past, such as January 1st, 1970. If so, you can replace the battery, see: How to replace the CMOS battery.

Some motherboards, including most modern ATX motherboards, continue to provide power to the CMOS if
the battery is replaced while the computer is actively powered.

Warning

If you want to replace your CMOS battery, make sure to consult your motherboard documentation for
details and safety information. Visit your motherboard manufacturer's support website if you need to
download a new copy of your manual.

How to enter the BIOS or CMOS setup

Updated: 12/31/2020 by Computer Hope

Every computer provides a way to enter the BIOS or CMOS setup. This interface allows you to configure the
basic settings of your computer.

Below is a listing of many common methods for accessing your computer's BIOS setup, and
recommendations if you're having trouble.

Important

You must have a keyboard to enter the BIOS setup.

Note

The details for your computer may be unique. If you're not sure, consult the owner's manual for your
computer or for your motherboard if the computer is custom-built.

Note

This page doesn't help if you cannot enter the CMOS setup because it's password-protected. For help with
dealing with a CMOS password, see: How to clear an unknown BIOS or CMOS password.

27
New computers

Computers manufactured in the last few years allow you to enter the BIOS setup using one of the five keys
shown below during the boot process.

 F1
 F2 *
 F10 **
 Del
 Esc
Note

F1, F2, and F10 are all function keys on the top of the keyboard.

* If pressing F2 opens a diagnostics tool, your setup key is likely F10

** F10 is also used for the boot menu. If F10 opens a boot menu, your setup key is likely F2.

Setup keys are to be pressed as the computer is booting up. Most users see a message similar to the example
below upon startup. Some older computers may also display a flashing block to indicate when to press the
F1 or F2 keys.

Press F2to enter BIOS setup

Tip

If you're unsure of what key to press, as the computer boots try pressing and holding one or more keys on the
keyboard to cause a stuck key error. Once you get this error, the option to continue or enter setup should
appear.

Note

If you are still unable to enter the BIOS using the methods listed above, check the motherboard's manual for
the appropriate key to enter BIOS. Documentation for the motherboard may also be on the manufacturer's
website.

Once you have successfully entered the CMOS setup, a screen similar to the example below appears. Your
CMOS setup may look different, depending on the manufacturer, but should still share a lot of the same
options and information.

How do I change and save changes in CMOS setup?

Once in CMOS setup, the method for changing the settings often depends on the BIOS manufacturer. You
may use the arrow keys and the Enter to select categories and change their values. Some manufacturers
may have you press the Page up and Page down keys to change the values.

Tip

All manufacturers show which keys navigate on the bottom or right side of the screen.

I cannot change the values to a setting I want to use

If you're trying to change the clock, speed, or other settings and don't have the option available, it's
because the motherboard doesn't support it. If you believe it should be supported, you may need a BIOS
update.

Help with computer BIOS updates.

Tip

If changes you made appear to revert to default settings or the date and time setting in the BIOS keeps
falling behind, you may need to replace the CMOS battery. For help with replacing the battery, see: How to
replace the CMOS battery.

How do I save the changes?

If any changes are made, you need to save those changes, which is usually done by pressing the F10 key on
the keyboard. If F10 doesn't work, look at the bottom or top of the screen for the key that's used to save the
settings.

28
Older computers

Unlike the computers of today, older computers (before 1995) had numerous methods of entering the BIOS
setup. Below is a listing of key sequences to press as the computer is booting to enter the BIOS setup.

 Ctrl+Alt+Esc
 Ctrl+Alt+Ins
 Ctrl+Alt+Enter
 Ctrl+Alt+S
 Page Up key
 Page Down key

Acer BIOS

If your Acer computer cannot boot or you want to restore the BIOS to its original settings, press and hold
the F10 as you turn on the computer. While continuing to hold the F10, two beeps should be heard indicating
that the settings are restored.

AMI BIOS

Older AMI BIOS could be restored to bootable settings by pressing and holding the Insert key as the
computer is booting.

BIOS or CMOS diskettes

Early 486, 386, and 286 computers required a floppy disk to enter the BIOS setup. These diskettes may be
referred to as ICU, BBU, or SCU disks. Because these diskettes are unique to your computer manufacturer, you
must obtain the diskettes from them. See the computer manufacturers list for contact information.

Early IBM computers

Some early IBM computers require you to press and hold both mouse buttons as the computer boots to enter
the BIOS setup.

For the BIOS to be able to start the computer, you've seen that it must find an operating system on a hard
disk or floppy disk drive. But how does the BIOS know where the drives are located or what types they are?

Floppy disk drives and hard disk drives are two of the most important items that must be configured in the
BIOS. If the drive types are not correctly identified in the BIOS, the BIOS will not be able to start the system.
Whenever you build a system or change major components, you need to run the BIOS setup program to
check or change settings.

Starting the Setup Program

On most systems built since the late 1980s, the BIOS configuration program is stored in the BIOS chip itself. On
a few current systems, as with the original IBM AT, the setup program must be run from a floppy disk drive or
the hard drive. The original IBM PC and PC/XT had only a few settings, and these were made by
manipulating a series of small rocker or slide switches called DIP switches.

ROM-based setup programs are normally started by pressing one or more keys in combination within the first
few seconds after turning on the computer. Although these keystrokes vary from system to system, the most
popular keys on current systems include the escape (Esc) key, the Delete key, the F1 key, and various
combinations of Ctrl+Alt+ another specified key. Most computers display the correct key(s) to press during
the initial start up screen. Check with your system vendor for the appropriate keystrokes or to see if you need
to run a program from MS-DOS or Windows to configure your system.

Because the settings you make in the BIOS setup program are stored in the non-volatile RAM of the CMOS
chip, the settings are often called CMOS settings.

In the following section, we will review the typical setup process, looking at each screen of a typical Pentium-
class system.

Step-by-Step CMOS/BIOS Configuration

The A+ Certification exam will test your knowledge of basic CMOS/BIOS configuration. To help you prepare
for the exam, this section covers the most important portions of the CMOS/BIOS setup process.

To start the CMOS setup process, press the correct key(s) during the bootstrap process or run the setup
program from hard disk or floppy disk after the computer has started. On virtually all systems built since the
early 1990s, you'll start with a menu screen. This menu, as well as the contents of the screens listed, will vary
according to your BIOS brand, version, and motherboard type.
Select the menu item from this CMOS Setup menu to examine or change settings.

29
Select Standard CMOS Setup to begin.

Other systems will immediately display the Standard CMOS Setup screen, which is typically used to configure
drive, date, and time settings.

Standard CMOS Configuration

The standard CMOS configuration screen includes settings for items such as

 Date

 Time

 Floppy disk drive types for drives A: (first floppy disk drive) and B: (second floppy disk drive)

 Hard drives connected to the IDE interface

Figure 3.7
A typical standard setup screen. On this system, hard drives can be detected during the boot process
("Auto" setting), but they can also be user-defined, as shown here.

To make selections here, you normally press keys to cycle through the different options, including date and
time.

The time must be entered in the 24-hour format (1:00PM = 13:00, and so on). Enable daylight savings unless
your state or area (Arizona, Hawaii, and parts of Indiana) doesn't switch to DST in the spring and summer.

Change the default floppy drive types to match your current configuration if necessary. See "Floppy Disk
Drives," page 191, for details on selecting the correct floppy disk drive type.

To select the correct hard drive type, you can use one of three methods:

 Manually enter the correct settings.

 Use an auto-detection feature located here or from the main menu.

 Allow the system to detect the hard drives during every system boot.

Some systems also display the amount of memory onboard on this screen, but only extremely old systems
based on 386 or older processors require that you manually enter the amount of RAM in the system. On
virtually all systems using a 286 processor or better, the standard CMOS configuration screens are extremely
similar, varying mainly in the number and types of drives that can be used.

The standard setup screen is the single most important screen in the entire BIOS/CMOS setup process. If the
drives are not defined correctly, the system cannot boot.

Automatic Configuration of BIOS/CMOS Settings

Many versions of the AMI and Award BIOS allow you to automatically configure all screens except the
Standard setup screen with a choice of these options from the main menu:

 BIOS Defaults (also referred to as Original/Fail-Safe on some systems)

 Setup Defaults (also referred to as Optimal on some systems)

 Turbo

Use BIOS defaults to troubleshoot the system because these settings are very conservative in memory timings
and other options. Normally, the Setup defaults provide better performance. Turbo, if present, speeds up the
memory refresh rate used by the system. As you view the setup screens in this chapter, you'll note these
options are listed. If you use either automatic setup after you make manual changes, all your manual
changes will be overridden!

Appropriately, the graphical AMI WinBIOS uses a tortoise, a hare, and an eagle for these three options.

With many recent systems, you can select Optimal or Setup Defaults, save your changes, and exit, and the
system will work acceptably. However, you might want more control over your system. In that case, look at
the following screens and make the changes necessary.

30
Advanced CMOS Configuration

The advanced CMOS configuration screen, shown in Figure 3.8, allows you to adjust optional details about
the computer. In this screen, you can adjust the NumLock setting, type of video; keyboard repeats speed,
settings for cache memory, and other special features. Most systems built since the early 1990s include this
screen.

Figure 3.8
A typical Advanced CMOS Configuration screen, also known as the BIOS Features screen—use this screen to
enable or disable anti-virus hardware features, adjust boot sequence, and adjust memory options such as
cache and parity checking.

Table 3.1 lists the most important options and my recommendations.

Depending on the system, you might be able to boot from CD-ROM, ZIP, or LS-120 drives in addition to the
floppy disk drives and hard drives traditionally available as boot devices, as shown in Figure 3.9.

Depending on the BIOS version, you might need to press the ESC key, as in Figure 3.9, to return to the main
menu, or use cursor keys to move directly to another menu screen.

Figure 3.9
this recent Pentium-class system offers a variety of boot options. To view the settings for any CMOS
configuration option, either use the help key (F1) as shown here, or press the correct key to step through the
options for the setting.

Advanced Chipset/Chipset Features Configuration

The Advanced Chipset/Chipset Features Configuration screen, like the one shown in Figure 3.10, offers many
advanced options that vary by the system. The following are some typical features of this menu:

 Memory type speed and timing—adjust the values here to match the memory installed in the system
(such as parity, non-parity, SDRAM, EDO, and so on).

 Cache adjustments—Some Cyrix CPUs require the user to disable pipelining for proper operation.

 Configuration of USB ports—if you upgrade a system to Windows 98 or Windows 2000, you might need to
enable the USB ports; systems with older versions of Windows (which didn't support USB) might not have
the USB ports enabled. The USB Keyboard Support feature must be enabled if a USB keyboard is installed
to allow the keyboard to operate outside of Windows.

 Configuration of the AGP slot—Depending on the specific AGP video card installed (if any), you might
need to set the size of the memory aperture used to transfer data between the system and the AGP port
and select the AGP mode (1x, 2x, and 4x).

Figure 3.10
This recent system's USB (Universal Serial Bus) and AGP (Advanced Graphics Port) options are located on the
Chipset Features configuration screen, along with the usual system and memory-timing options.

Power Management Configuration

Virtually all systems built since the mid-1990s are designed to allow power management; watch for the EPA
"Energy Star" logo when you start the computer.

Power management works like this: After a user-defined period of inactivity, devices such as the monitor, the
hard drive, or even the CPU will go into different low-power modes:

 Standby mode—Shuts off the hard drive and blanks monitor screens that use Display Power
Management Signalling. Move the mouse or press a key to "wake up" the system.

 Suspend mode—Turns off the CPU clock to save even more power. Systems that fully support suspend
mode allow you to choose a special shutdown option that "remembers" what programs and files were
open, and can bring the system back to that state when the power is restored.

31
Early power-management systems require that you, the user, keep working with the mouse or keyboard to
prevent the system from going into power-saving modes, which can cause modem or network transfers to
be interrupted, losing data.

On most newer systems, such as the one featured in Figure 3.11, you can prevent the system from going into
power-saving modes, or to wake up when activity takes place, by setting these options by either the device
name (modem, hard drive, floppy disk drive, parallel port, serial port) or by the device's IRQ (see "IRQs, DMAs,
I/O Port Addresses, and Memory Addresses‖.

I have always regarded power management as being a great idea that does not always work well in
practice.

Figure 3.11
this recent system has support for both ACPI power management (used by Windows 98) and APM (used by
earlier versions of Windows).

To make power management work, you need to make sure that:

 Devices such as hard drives and monitors can be powered down and powered back up without loss of
information.

 Power management is set to monitor network and Internet devices, such as modems and network
cards, for activity to prevent the connection from being dropped.

 All devices installed in a system are monitored for activity to prevent data loss.

For example, Figure 3.11 does not list IRQ 15 (used by the secondary IDE host adapter in most systems) as
a PM (power management) event. Activity on IRQ 15 will not wake up the system, although the computer
could be reading data from devices on IRQ 15 or saving data to devices on IRQ 15.

 Users understand how power management works.

Normal signs of power management in use include:

 Monitors with blinking power lights, or power lights a different color than normal, while the screen remains
blank

 Keyboards that seem "dead" for a few seconds after you start typing (because the hard drive must spin
up)

Users who are unfamiliar with power management might panic and reboot the computers (losing their data!)
or demand that you "fix" their systems. Sometimes, the best fix is to disable power management completely
or to use Windows to configure power management settings through its Power icon in Control Panel. For
systems that have ACPI- compatible BIOS chips that also run Windows 98 or Windows 2000, Windows should
be used to manage power.

Adjust the system to the user's requirements, and continue.

PnP (Plug-and-Play) Configuration Screen

Plug-and-Play (PnP) configuration allows either the operating system or the system BIOS to select hardware
settings for PnP-compatible cards when first installed and to change those settings when new cards are
installed. PnP BIOS support has been part of virtually all systems shipped with Windows 95 or newer versions of
Windows, and virtually all add-on cards and other devices (such as printers, monitors, modems, and so on)
also support PnP configuration.

Early versions of the Plug-and-Play Configuration screen (see Figure 3.12) were introduced with the first
Pentium-based systems with PCI slots, because PCI cards could configure themselves. PnP can be used with
PnP-compatible ISA cards as well as with PCI and AGP cards. If you are using Windows 95, 98, or 2000, set
Plug and Play Operating System to Yes. Unless you have problems with installing cards, that is normally all you
need to set. If you are having problems adding cards, you can set IRQs to be available to PnP devices (add-
on cards that are set by Windows) or to ISA/Legacy devices (ports built into the motherboard or ISA cards
you must set manually).

Some systems, as in this example, also allow you to enable or disable IRQ use for USB, VGA video, and ACPI
power management. You can disable IRQ usage for any or all of these devices, but some devices might not
work if no IRQ is assigned.

32
Built-In Ports/Peripherals Setup

You can enable or disable most ports built into recent systems with the Built-in Ports/Peripherals Setup screen,
shown in Figure 3.13. (Some systems with PS/2 mouse ports require that you adjust a jumper block on the
motherboard.) On some systems, this screen also lets you adjust advanced hard disk options, such as PIO
mode and block mode.

Figure 3.12
A typical Plug-and-Play configuration screen. By changing PnP options for IRQs and DMA channels to
Legacy, you can reserve selected IRQs and DMAs for non-PnP cards.

Figure 3.13
This system's COM 2 port (UART 2) is disabled to allow an internal modem to be installed as COM 2.

Generally, you disable a built-in port if you add a card containing a port that will conflict with it. For example,
you can disable COM 2 (serial port 2) to allow you to install an internal modem. You can also adjust the IRQ
and I/O port addresses used by the built-in parallel and serial ports. On some systems, the LBA mode setting
for hard disks and USB configuration options are also found on this screen. After observing or changing the
settings, return to the main menu and continue.

See "IDE Performance Optimization," page 212, for information about hard disk options PIO mode and block
mode.

Security/Passwords

You can enable two types of passwords on many systems: a power-on password that must be entered to
allow any use of the system, and a setup password that must be entered to allow access to the BIOS/CMOS
setup. If you don't have all the settings recorded (with screen printouts or by writing them down), this can be
dangerous to enable.

Why? If the passwords are lost, users are locked out of the system, and you would need to remove the
battery or use the "clear CMOS" jumper on the motherboard to erase the CMOS record of the passwords—
and all other settings. This would require re-configuring the system BIOS from scratch!

Because passwords are useful to prevent tampering with system settings, record the system information first,
before you enable this feature.

Saving and Recording BIOS/CMOS Settings

Most BIOSes allow you to save your changes, or discard changes you might have made accidentally, when
you exit the main menu and restart the system.

A few old BIOSes automatically save any changes, even bad ones. In either case, be sure to review the
standard CMOS setup screen and any others you viewed to make sure the settings are acceptable before
you save and exit. You should record critical BIOS settings, such as drive type information and any other
changes from a system's default settings. Many technicians find it useful to add a sticker with drive type and
other information to the rear of a system or to the inside of the system cover.

How much have you learn?

Self-check 1.3

Please answer the following questions located at your work sheet page 2, LO 1.

33
 LO 2 PREPARE INSTALLER

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to:

 Create portable bootable devices in accordance with software manufacturer instruction

 Prepare customized installers in accordance with software utilization guide and end user
agreement

 Carry out installation of portable applications in accordance with software user guide and
software license

LET’S EXPLORE!

Please answer this question at your answer sheet page 3, LO 2

How to prepare installer?

___________________________________________________________________________________

LET’S FIND OUT!

Information sheet 2.1

HOW TO CREATE BOOTABLE USB FROM ISO

 The type of bootable USB drive you are creating depends on the mother board you are using.

 You need the ISO image tile of the target operating system you want to install. That can be Windows
10, Windows & or any favour of Linux like Ubuntu or Mint.

 Once you have the ISO image to start with, open any software from the list below:

 Insert the USB pen drive of minimum 4GB size.

 The bootable USB drive making software will automatically detect and list the drive. Make sure you select
the correct drive as all data on the drive will be destroyed.

 Now click on ‗select‘ button and locate the ISO image file on the operating system from your hard drive.

 Select the appropriate option for partition scheme and other options and his start. It will take around 15
minutes depending on your operating system size.

If your motherboard is comparatively new, you may have to

deal with the UEFI o the legacy BUIOS if your computer is not
that new, both way, you can easily create bootable USB drive
using all of the listed here.

FOR OLD MOTHERBOARD (using legacy BIOS)

 First select the ISO file, form the disk icon behind ‗create a bootable disk using option. (Do this first
because, if you select other options first, and the file later, the settings will go to default after selecting
the ISO file. Maybe a bug) Select the target drive and the system (For Windows keep it NTFS).

 Select ―MBR partition scheme for BIOS or UEFI from partition scheme and target system type.

 Keep the file system, cluster size as it is or you can change it to NTFS for Windows and exFAT for Linux.

34
 You can give an appropriate name to the resulting bootable drive.

 ISO image on your hard disk must be a valid bootable image because Rufus scans the image before
you load it.

 Click the start button and wait for the process to complete. This may take up to 20 minutes.

FOR NEW MOTHERBOARD (using UEFI)

 UEFI motherboards most of the time need 64 bit Windows. Else you will get ―Could not
locate‘\dfi\boot\bootx64.efi:[14] Not found‘ error. If you get this error, you just need 64 bit Windows 7 or
older. You must have Windows 10.

 Select the ISO image file of OS you want to burn.

 Select ‗GPT partition scheme and target system type.

 NTFS as the file system.

If you create bootable USB using MBR scheme, you may get an error like ‘Windows cannot be installed. The
partition is GPT type. Carefully check the options as above before you hit the start button.

HOW TO BOOT FROM USB DRIVE

 Once you have completed creating the bootable USB drive, its time to install the OS. For that, you have
to boot from the USB drive.

1. Restart your PC and press the F12 or Delete depending upon the manufacturer or your PC.
Sometimes this key may be different.
2. Select USB drive as a first boot device from the boot menu.

OTHER THINGS TO DO

 Prepare or Download the software driver for your motherboard and other components thru internet.

 Prepare or Download other application software you need for your computer system. (such as; anti-virus,
office productivity tools, games, photo editing tools etc.)

SOFTWARE PROGRAM USE TO CREATE BOOTABLE USB DRIVE

1. RUFUS-Rufus is a simple and easy to use. It automatically detects your USB flash drive and capacity so
you can easily identify which device you are formatting. The bootable USB drive can be created for
newer hardware supporting UEFI or for legacy BIOS. You only have to select proper options from the list.

2. RMPrepUSB-It‘s all in one tool. Features come with cluttered interface. If you don‘t know what are you
doing, don‘t use it. RMPrepUSB is specialized in creating multiple partitions in a single USB drive. You can
install multiple ISO of the different OS or save user files along with the side of the bootale USB>

3. Universal USB Installer-Specialized tool for creating bootable live Linux OS. It has a predefined list of most
of the Linux distributions available. Give the path of ISO image and USB flash drive you want to boot
from. Prepare a Live antivirus rescue disk using it. A special option for this is also for reuse CD.

4. YUMI-Yumi, short for Your Universal Multiboot Installer. YUMI allow to prepare the bootable USB drive
without formatting it.

5. UNetbootin-This tool is an exact clone of Universal USB installer or you can also say Universal USB installer is
a clone of UNetbootin. Create a bootable USB for any Linux distribution. If you are not using Windows as
your host operating system, then UNetbootin is an option to go for. UNetbootin is available for Linux, iOS,
and Windows. So if you are using Linux, most of the software‘s listed here will not run where UNetbootin
will come to help.

How much have you learn?

Self-check

Please answer the following questions located at your work sheet page 3, LO 2

35
 LO 3

Install application software

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to:

 Create portable bootable devices in accordance with software manufacturer instruction

 Prepare customized installers in accordance with software utilization guide and end user
agreement

 Carry out installation of portable applications in accordance with software user guide and
software license

LET’S EXPLORE!
Please answer this following question at your work sheet page 4, LO 3

Answer the following:

1. What is software? ____________________________________________________

LET’S FIND OUT!

INFORMATION SHEET 3.1

Installing software on your Windows PC

Your computer allows you to do some really amazing things. Digital photo editing, sophisticated computer gaming, video
streaming—all of these things are possible because of different types of software. Developers are always creating new software
applications, which allow you to do even more with your computer.

Installing from a CD-ROM

From the mid-1990s through the late 2000s, the most common way to get new software was to purchase a CD-ROM. You could
then insert the disc, and the computer would walk you through the installation.

Now, almost all software has moved away from this model. Many new computers no longer include a CD-ROM for this reason.
However, if you do need to install software from a CD-ROM, simply insert the disc into your computer, then follow the
instructions.

Installing software from the Web

Today, the most common way to get new software is to download it from the Internet. Applications like Microsoft Office and
Adobe Photoshop can now be purchased and downloaded right to your computer. You can also install free software this way. For
example, if you wanted to install the Google Chrome web browser, you can visit this page and click the Download button.

The installation file will be saved to your computer in .exe format. Pronounced dot e-x-e, this is the standard extension for
installation files on Windows computers. You can follow the steps below to install an application from an .exe file.

36
1. Locate and download an .exe file.

2. Locate and double-click the .exe file. (It will usually be in your Downloads folder.)

3. A dialog box will appear. Follow the instructions to install the software.

4. The software will be installed. You can now open the application from the Start menu (Windows 7) or the Start
Screen (Windows 8).

Tips for finding software

In our experience, the easiest way to find new software is to search the Web. For example, if you were looking for a way to edit
some personal photos on your computer, you could run a Google search for free photo-editing software. If you're not exactly sure
what kind of software you're looking for, try describing the tasks you want to complete. For example, if you wanted a way to
create to-do lists and organize your appointments, you might search for something like free calendar organizer software.

The Windows Store

If you're using Windows 8, you can download and install software from the Windows Store. The Windows Store is meant to
simplify the process of locating and installing software from third-party developers—when you find an app in the Windows store,
you won't have to do any extra work to install i

37
 What Have You Learned So Far?

Please answer the following questions located at your work sheet page 4, LO 3

Extend your
knowledge

Do this Activity located at your answer sheet page 5, LO3.

As a Computer Technician in a certain company, your task is to ensure that all computer systems will be working
properly. Thus, you need to do the following tasks:

1. Write down the steps on how to assemble computer hardware.

2. Make a list on how to start and setup computer program.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and

relax for a while then move on to the next
lesson.

God bless!!!

REFERENCES

 https://www.pcbuildadvisor.com/how-to-build-a-computer-step-by-step-infographic/
 https://www.october 21, 2018 by ruel carballo, posted in ict - chs9
 https://www.google.com/search?q=INSTALL+EQUIPMENT+%2F+DEVICES+and+SYSTEMS&oq=chrome
 https://www.slideshare.net/MarvinBronoso1/css-l07-preparing-the-installer
 https://www.google.com/search?q=Install+application+software&oq=Install+application+software&aqs=c
hrome

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